<SEC-DOCUMENT>0001641172-25-015284.txt : 20250616
<SEC-HEADER>0001641172-25-015284.hdr.sgml : 20250616
<ACCEPTANCE-DATETIME>20250616170050
ACCESSION NUMBER:		0001641172-25-015284
CONFORMED SUBMISSION TYPE:	10-K/A
PUBLIC DOCUMENT COUNT:		82
CONFORMED PERIOD OF REPORT:	20241231
FILED AS OF DATE:		20250616
DATE AS OF CHANGE:		20250616

FILER:

	COMPANY DATA:	
		COMPANY CONFORMED NAME:			Iveda Solutions, Inc.
		CENTRAL INDEX KEY:			0001397183
		STANDARD INDUSTRIAL CLASSIFICATION:	SERVICES-PREPACKAGED SOFTWARE [7372]
		ORGANIZATION NAME:           	06 Technology
		EIN:				202222203
		STATE OF INCORPORATION:			NV
		FISCAL YEAR END:			1231

	FILING VALUES:
		FORM TYPE:		10-K/A
		SEC ACT:		1934 Act
		SEC FILE NUMBER:	001-41345
		FILM NUMBER:		251050934

	BUSINESS ADDRESS:	
		STREET 1:		1744 S. VAL VISTA DRIVE
		STREET 2:		STE. 213
		CITY:			MESA
		STATE:			AZ
		ZIP:			85204
		BUSINESS PHONE:		480 338-1576

	MAIL ADDRESS:	
		STREET 1:		1744 S. VAL VISTA DRIVE
		STREET 2:		STE. 213
		CITY:			MESA
		STATE:			AZ
		ZIP:			85204

	FORMER COMPANY:	
		FORMER CONFORMED NAME:	Iveda Corp
		DATE OF NAME CHANGE:	20090916

	FORMER COMPANY:	
		FORMER CONFORMED NAME:	Charmed Homes Inc.
		DATE OF NAME CHANGE:	20070420
</SEC-HEADER>
<DOCUMENT>
<TYPE>10-K/A
<SEQUENCE>1
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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: center; text-indent: 0pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 18pt"><b>UNITED
STATES</b></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: center; text-indent: 0pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 18pt"><b>SECURITIES
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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: center; text-indent: 0pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 12pt"><b>Washington,
D.C. 20549</b></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 18pt"><b>FORM
<span id="xdx_906_edei--DocumentType_c20240101__20241231_zcFE4c7THLU"><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="From2024-01-01to2024-12-31" id="Fact000012" name="dei:DocumentType">10-K/A</ix:nonNumeric></span></b></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"></span></p>

<p style="font: 18pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center"><b>(Amendment #1)</b></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center"><b>&#160;</b></p>
<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span id="xdx_905_edei--DocumentAnnualReport_c20240101__20241231_zolMgimqQv1d"><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="From2024-01-01to2024-12-31" format="ixt:booleantrue" id="Fact000013" name="dei:DocumentAnnualReport">&#9746;</ix:nonNumeric></span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">
Annual Report Pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">For
the fiscal year ended <span id="xdx_904_edei--DocumentPeriodEndDate_c20240101__20241231_zQTLOSrCAyhh"><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="From2024-01-01to2024-12-31" format="ixt:datemonthdayyearen" id="Fact000014" name="dei:DocumentPeriodEndDate"><span id="xdx_906_edei--CurrentFiscalYearEndDate_c20240101__20241231_zcmFJAxOUeX5"><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="From2024-01-01to2024-12-31" format="ixt:datemonthdayen" id="Fact000015" name="dei:CurrentFiscalYearEndDate">December 31</ix:nonNumeric></span>, <span id="xdx_905_edei--DocumentFiscalYearFocus_c20240101__20241231_zb0C6mMCnt06"><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="From2024-01-01to2024-12-31" id="Fact000016" name="dei:DocumentFiscalYearFocus">2024</ix:nonNumeric></span></ix:nonNumeric></span></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">or</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span id="xdx_908_edei--DocumentTransitionReport_c20240101__20241231_zokrZS0WKxE7"><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="From2024-01-01to2024-12-31" format="ixt:booleanfalse" id="Fact000017" name="dei:DocumentTransitionReport">&#9744;</ix:nonNumeric></span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">
Transition Report Pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">For
the transition period from ______________ to ______________</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Commission
File No. <span id="xdx_901_edei--EntityFileNumber_c20240101__20241231_zXpi1qmDTuY5"><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="From2024-01-01to2024-12-31" id="Fact000018" name="dei:EntityFileNumber">001-41345</ix:nonNumeric></span></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 18pt"><b><span style="text-decoration: underline"><span id="xdx_90B_edei--EntityRegistrantName_c20240101__20241231_zYSevSWg2FT"><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="From2024-01-01to2024-12-31" id="Fact000019" name="dei:EntityRegistrantName">IVEDA
SOLUTIONS, INC.</ix:nonNumeric></span></span></b></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(Exact
name of registrant as specified in its charter)</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
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    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; width: 2%; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; width: 49%; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><span id="xdx_909_edei--EntityTaxIdentificationNumber_c20240101__20241231_zzu1r31Am3fd"><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="From2024-01-01to2024-12-31" id="Fact000021" name="dei:EntityTaxIdentificationNumber">20-2222203</ix:nonNumeric></span></span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(State
                                            or other jurisdiction of</span></p>
    <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">incorporation
    or organization)</span></p></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(I.R.S.
                                            Employer</span></p>
    <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Identification
    No.)</span></p></td></tr>
  </table>
<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; vertical-align: bottom">
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    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; width: 2%; vertical-align: bottom"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; width: 49%; vertical-align: bottom"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><span id="xdx_908_edei--EntityAddressPostalZipCode_c20240101__20241231_z5F1LzexNO2g"><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="From2024-01-01to2024-12-31" id="Fact000026" name="dei:EntityAddressPostalZipCode">85204</ix:nonNumeric></span></span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(Address
    of principal executive offices)</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(Zip
    code)</span></td></tr>
  </table>
<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Registrant&#8217;s
telephone number, including area code: <span id="xdx_902_edei--CityAreaCode_c20240101__20241231_zUc1XTRi28ac"><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="From2024-01-01to2024-12-31" id="Fact000027" name="dei:CityAreaCode">(480)</ix:nonNumeric></span> <span id="xdx_90E_edei--LocalPhoneNumber_c20240101__20241231_zl269XN21Od3"><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="From2024-01-01to2024-12-31" id="Fact000028" name="dei:LocalPhoneNumber">307-8700</ix:nonNumeric></span></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Securities
registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act: None</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-indent: 0.3in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Securities
registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act: <span id="xdx_90E_edei--Security12gTitle_c20240101__20241231_z8mnsDEukZ2c"><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="From2024-01-01to2024-12-31" id="Fact000029" name="dei:Security12gTitle">Common Stock, par value $0.00001 per share</ix:nonNumeric></span></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Indicate
by check mark if the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act. Yes &#9744; <span id="xdx_906_edei--EntityWellKnownSeasonedIssuer_c20240101__20241231_zuwHeofVjHL3"><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="From2024-01-01to2024-12-31" id="Fact000030" name="dei:EntityWellKnownSeasonedIssuer">No</ix:nonNumeric></span>
&#9746;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Indicate
by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or Section 15(d) of the Act. Yes &#9744; <span id="xdx_906_edei--EntityVoluntaryFilers_c20240101__20241231_zhxvr2g1Edn4"><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="From2024-01-01to2024-12-31" id="Fact000031" name="dei:EntityVoluntaryFilers">No</ix:nonNumeric></span>
&#9746;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Indicate
by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Exchange Act of 1934
during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject
to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. <span id="xdx_90F_edei--EntityCurrentReportingStatus_c20240101__20241231_z1xNZnUYVNif"><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="From2024-01-01to2024-12-31" id="Fact000032" name="dei:EntityCurrentReportingStatus">Yes</ix:nonNumeric></span> &#9746;  No &#9744;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Indicate
by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically and posted on its corporate website, if any, every Interactive
Data File required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (&#167; 232.405 of this chapter) during the
preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files). <span id="xdx_905_edei--EntityInteractiveDataCurrent_c20240101__20241231_zqCE9aIeQmfl"><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="From2024-01-01to2024-12-31" id="Fact000033" name="dei:EntityInteractiveDataCurrent">Yes</ix:nonNumeric></span> &#9746; No
&#9744;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Indicate
by check mark if disclosure of delinquent filers pursuant to Item 405 of Regulation S-K is not contained herein, and will not be contained,
to the best of registrant&#8217;s knowledge, in definitive proxy or information statements incorporated by reference in Part III of this
Form 10-K/A or any amendment to this Form 10-K/A. &#9746;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Indicate
by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, or a smaller reporting
company. See the definitions of &#8220;large accelerated filer,&#8221; &#8220;accelerated filer&#8221; and &#8220;smaller reporting company&#8221;
in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act. (Check one):</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Check
one:</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 17%"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 42%"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Large
    accelerated filer &#9744;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 41%"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Accelerated
    filer &#9744;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><span id="xdx_906_edei--EntityFilerCategory_c20240101__20241231_zniEsdHHalo9"><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="From2024-01-01to2024-12-31" format="ixt-sec:entityfilercategoryen" id="Fact000034" name="dei:EntityFilerCategory">Non-accelerated
    filer</ix:nonNumeric></span> &#9746;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Smaller
    reporting company <span id="xdx_90E_edei--EntitySmallBusiness_c20240101__20241231_z03vX4wCqnxa"><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="From2024-01-01to2024-12-31" format="ixt:booleantrue" id="Fact000035" name="dei:EntitySmallBusiness">&#9746;</ix:nonNumeric></span></span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(Do
    not check if a smaller reporting company)</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Emerging
    growth company <span id="xdx_90E_edei--EntityEmergingGrowthCompany_c20240101__20241231_zVhO1stOe5m2"><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="From2024-01-01to2024-12-31" format="ixt:booleanfalse" id="Fact000036" name="dei:EntityEmergingGrowthCompany">&#9744;</ix:nonNumeric></span></span></td></tr>
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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">If
securities are registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act, indicate by check mark whether the financial statements of the registrant
included in the filing reflect the correction of an error to previously issued financial statements.&#8239;<span id="xdx_906_edei--DocumentFinStmtErrorCorrectionFlag_c20240101__20241231_zuincR437nud"><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="From2024-01-01to2024-12-31" format="ixt:booleanfalse" id="Fact000037" name="dei:DocumentFinStmtErrorCorrectionFlag">&#9744;</ix:nonNumeric></span></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Indicate
by check mark whether any of those error corrections are restatements that required a recovery analysis of incentive-based compensation
received by any of the registrant&#8217;s executive officers during the relevant recovery period pursuant to &#167;240.10D-1(b).&#8239;&#9744;</span></p>

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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Indicate
by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Act): Yes &#9744;  No <span id="xdx_905_edei--EntityShellCompany_dbF_c20240101__20241231_zhzImQhkbVU6"><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="From2024-01-01to2024-12-31" format="ixt:booleanfalse" id="Fact000038" name="dei:EntityShellCompany">&#9746;</ix:nonNumeric></span></span></p>

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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
aggregate market value of the voting and non-voting common equity held by non-affiliates computed by reference to the price at which
the common equity was last sold was approximately $<span id="xdx_905_edei--EntityPublicFloat_iI_c20240930_zztMqWNct0N8"><ix:nonFraction name="dei:EntityPublicFloat" contextRef="AsOf2024-09-30" id="Fact000039" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="0" unitRef="USD">9,500,000</ix:nonFraction></span> as of the last business day of the registrant&#8217;s most recently completed
fiscal quarter. For purposes of this computation, all officers, directors, and 10% beneficial owners of the registrant are deemed to
be affiliates. Such determination should not be deemed to be an admission that such officers, directors, or 10% beneficial owners are,
in fact, affiliates of the registrant.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">As
of March 31, 2025, there were outstanding <span id="xdx_903_edei--EntityCommonStockSharesOutstanding_iI_pid_c20250331_zRx0MDaxWPIe"><ix:nonFraction name="dei:EntityCommonStockSharesOutstanding" contextRef="AsOf2025-03-31" id="Fact000040" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="INF" unitRef="Shares">2,808,071</ix:nonFraction></span> shares of the registrant&#8217;s common stock, par value $<span id="xdx_901_edei--EntityListingParValuePerShare_pid_c20240101__20241231_zuc3fO7NRLG1"><ix:nonFraction name="dei:EntityListingParValuePerShare" contextRef="From2024-01-01to2024-12-31" id="Fact000041" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="INF" unitRef="USDPShares">0.00001</ix:nonFraction></span> per share.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center"></p>

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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>IVEDA
SOLUTIONS, INC.</b></span></p>

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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>TABLE
OF CONTENTS</b></span></p>

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<table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; background-color: #CCEEFF">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b><a href="#a_001">PART I</a></b></span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; width: 0.75in; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">5</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; background-color: white">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><a href="#a_002">ITEM 1 &#8211; BUSINESS</a></span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">5</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; background-color: #CCEEFF">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><a href="#a_0032">ITEM 1A &#8211; RISK FACTORS</a></span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">13</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; background-color: white">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">I<a href="#a_003">TEM lB &#8211; UNRESOLVED STAFF COMMENTS</a></span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">26</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; background-color: #CCEEFF">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><a href="#a_004">ITEM 1C &#8211; CYBERSECURITY</a></span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">26</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; background-color: white">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><a href="#a_005">ITEM 2 &#8211; PROPERTIES</a></span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">26</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; background-color: #CCEEFF">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><a href="#a_006">ITEM 3 &#8211; LEGAL PROCEEDINGS</a></span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">26</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; background-color: white">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><a href="#a_007">ITEM 4 &#8211; MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURES</a></span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">26</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; background-color: #CCEEFF">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; background-color: white">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b><a href="#a_008">PART II</a></b></span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">27</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; background-color: #CCEEFF">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><a href="#a_009">ITEM 5 &#8211; MARKET FOR REGISTRANT&#8217;S COMMON EQUITY, RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS AND ISSUER PURCHASES OF EQUITY SECURITIES</a></span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">27</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; background-color: white">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><a href="#a_0010">ITEM 6 &#8211; SELECTED FINANCIAL DATA</a></span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">28</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; background-color: #CCEEFF">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><a href="#a_0011">ITEM 7 &#8211; MANAGEMENT&#8217;S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS</a></span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">28</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; background-color: white">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><a href="#a_0012">ITEM 7A &#8211; QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK</a></span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">34</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; background-color: #CCEEFF">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><a href="#a_0013">ITEM 8 &#8211; FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND SUPPLEMENTARY DATA</a></span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">34</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; background-color: white">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><a href="#a_0014">ITEM 9 &#8211; CHANGES IN AND DISAGREEMENTS WITH ACCOUNTANTS ON ACCOUNTING AND FINANCIAL DISCLOSURE</a></span></td>

    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">40</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; background-color: #CCEEFF">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><a href="#a_0015">ITEM 9A &#8211; CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES</a></span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">40</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; background-color: white">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><a href="#a_0016">ITEM 9B &#8211; OTHER INFORMATION</a></span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">41</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; background-color: #CCEEFF">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><a href="#a_0033">ITEM 9C &#8211; DISCLOSURE REGARDING FOREIGN JURISDICTIONS THAT PREVENT INSPECTIONS</a></span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">41</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; background-color: white">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; background-color: #CCEEFF">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b><a href="#a_0022">PART III</a></b></span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">42</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; background-color: white">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><a href="#a_0017">ITEM 10 &#8211; DIRECTORS, EXECUTIVE OFFICERS AND CORPORATE GOVERNANCE</a></span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">42</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; background-color: #CCEEFF">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><a href="#a_0018">ITEM 11 &#8211; EXECUTIVE COMPENSATION</a></span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">45</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; background-color: white">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><a href="#a_0019">ITEM 12 &#8211; SECURITY OWNERSHIP OF CERTAIN BENEFICIAL OWNERS AND MANAGEMENT AND RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS</a></span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">48</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; background-color: #CCEEFF">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><a href="#a_0020">ITEM 13 &#8211; CERTAIN RELATIONSHIPS AND RELATED TRANSACTIONS, AND DIRECTOR INDEPENDENCE</a></span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">49</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; background-color: white">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><a href="#a_0021">ITEM 14 &#8211; PRINCIPAL ACCOUNTANT FEES AND SERVICES</a></span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">49</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; background-color: #CCEEFF">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; background-color: white">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b><a href="#a_0023">PART IV</a></b></span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">50</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; background-color: #CCEEFF">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><a href="#a_0024">ITEM 15 &#8211; EXHIBITS AND FINANCIAL STATEMENT SCHEDULES</a></span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">50</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; background-color: white">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><a href="#a_0025">SIGNATURES</a></span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">51</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; background-color: #CCEEFF">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><a href="#a_0026">INDEX TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS</a></span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">F-1</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; background-color: white">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><a href="ex31-1.htm">EX-31.1</a></span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; background-color: #CCEEFF">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><a href="ex31-2.htm">EX-31.2</a></span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; background-color: white">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><a href="ex32-1.htm">EX-32.1</a></span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; background-color: #CCEEFF">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><a href="ex32-2.htm">EX-32.2</a></span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  </table>
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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: center">Explanatory Note</p>

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<p id="xdx_98D_edei--AmendmentDescription_c20240101__20241231_zu72xV0YeNfa" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="From2024-01-01to2024-12-31" id="Fact000042" name="dei:AmendmentDescription">The original filing of the Form 10-K for the period ended December 31, 2024 that was filed on April 15, 2025, reported the effect of certain
restatements on our previously filed financial statements for the year ending December 31, 2023. The purpose of this Amendment #1 to the
Form 10-K for the period ended December 31, 2024 is to include the impact of these restatements on the previously issued unaudited quarterly
financial statements for the interim periods during the fiscal years ending December 31, 2024 and 2023. The purpose of this amendment is to add the quarterly impact
of these restatement amounts to Item 8 of this amended annual report on Form 10-K/A.</ix:nonNumeric></p>
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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; text-transform: uppercase"><b>Cautionary
Note Regarding Forward-Looking Statements</b></span></p>

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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">This
Annual Report on Form 10-K contains forward looking statements that involve risks and uncertainties. All statements other than statements
of historical fact contained in this Annual Report on Form 10-K, including statements regarding future events, our future financial performance,
business strategy, and plans and objectives for future operations, are forward-looking statements. In many cases, you can identify forward-looking
statements by terminology such as &#8220;anticipates,&#8221; &#8220;believes,&#8221; &#8220;can,&#8221; &#8220;continue,&#8221; &#8220;could,&#8221;
&#8220;estimates,&#8221; &#8220;expects,&#8221; &#8220;intends,&#8221; &#8220;may,&#8221; &#8220;plans,&#8221; &#8220;potential,&#8221;
&#8220;predicts,&#8221; &#8220;should,&#8221; or &#8220;will&#8221; or the negative of these terms or other comparable terminology. Although
we do not make forward looking statements unless we believe we have a reasonable basis for doing so, we cannot guarantee their accuracy.
These statements are only predictions and involve known and unknown risks, uncertainties, and other factors, including the risks outlined
under &#8220;Risk Factors&#8221; or elsewhere in this Annual Report on Form 10-K, which may cause our or our industry&#8217;s actual
results, levels of activity, performance, or achievements to differ materially from those expressed or implied by these forward-looking
statements. Moreover, we operate in a very competitive and rapidly changing environment. New risks emerge from time to time, and it is
not possible for us to predict all risk factors, nor can we address the impact of all factors on our business or the extent to which
any factor, or combination of factors, may cause our actual results to differ materially from those contained in any forward-looking
statements.</span></p>

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should not place undue reliance on any forward-looking statement, each of which applies only as of the date of this Annual Report on
Form 10-K. Except as required by law, we undertake no obligation to update or revise publicly any of the forward-looking statements after
the date of this Annual Report on Form 10-K to conform our statements to actual results or changed expectations.</span></p>

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I</b></span></p>

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1 &#8211; BUSINESS</b></span></p>

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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b><span style="text-decoration: underline">History</span></b></span></p>

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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Iveda
Solutions, Inc. (&#8220;Iveda&#8221;, or the &#8220;Company&#8221;) was incorporated in Nevada as Charmed Homes, Inc. in June 2006. On
October 15, 2009, IntelaSight, d/b/a Iveda, a Washington corporation, became a wholly owned subsidiary of the Company. In December 2010,
IntelaSight merged with and into the Company and the Company became the surviving company. Iveda offered the first cloud hosting of streaming
and recorded video from security cameras for its customers and real-time remote surveillance service utilizing intervention specialists
to watch our customers&#8217; cameras in real time, 24/7.</span></p>

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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">In
April 2011, Iveda completed the acquisition of the Taiwan-based company Sole-Vision Technologies (doing business as Iveda Taiwan).</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Historically,
we sold and installed video surveillance equipment, primarily for security purposes and secondarily for operational efficiencies and
marketing. We also provided video hosting, in-vehicle streaming video, archiving, and real-time remote surveillance services to a variety
of businesses and organizations. While we only used off-the shelf camera systems from well-known camera brands, we now source our own
cameras using manufacturers in Taiwan in order for us to be more flexible in fulfilling our customer needs. We now have the capability
to provide IP cameras and NVRs based on customer specifications. We still utilize ONVIF (Open Network Video Interface Forum) cameras
which is a global standard for the interface of IP-based physical security products.</span></p>

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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">In
2014, we changed our business model from direct project-based sales to  selling IoT hardware to service providers
such as telecommunications companies, integrators, and other technology resellers already providing services to an existing customer
base. Partnering with service providers that have an existing loyal customer base allows us to focus on servicing just a handful of our
partners and concentrating on our technology offering. Service providers leverage their end-user infrastructure to sell, bill, and provide
customer service for Iveda&#8217;s product offering. </span></p>

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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Iveda
Taiwan, our subsidiary in Taiwan, specializes in deploying new, and integrating existing, video surveillance systems for airports, commercial
buildings, government customers, data centers, shopping centers, hotels, banks, and Safe City. Iveda Taiwan combines security surveillance
products, software, and services to provide integrated security solutions to the end user. Through Iveda Taiwan, we have access not only
to Asian markets but also to Asian manufacturers and engineering expertise. Iveda Taiwan is our research and development arm, working
with a team of developers in Taiwan. The company depends on Iveda Taiwan as the majority of the company&#8217;s revenues have come from
Iveda Taiwan since we acquired them in April 2011.</span></p>

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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">On March 14, 2025, the Company
redomiciled as a Delaware corporation following approval of a majority of the Company&#8217;s shareholders at its reconvened 2024 Annual
Meeting of Shareholders held on March 4, 2025. Since the Company did not receive shareholder approval for the issuance of shares of Common
Stock underlying warrants issued in our September 2024 offering, the Annual Meeting was adjourned to June 2, 2025 to allow for additional
time to obtain votes for this proposal.</p>

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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b><span style="text-decoration: underline">Overview</span></b></span></p>

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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Iveda
offers smart city technologies globally, offering advanced AI-driven video surveillance solutions and a robust suite of Internet of
Things (IoT) platforms that power digital transformation for cities and commercial clients worldwide. The smart cities market, as
well as the AI and IoT segments, are poised for significant growth in the coming years.</span></p>

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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">A
new report from Verified Market Research projects that the global smart city platforms market size will grow at a CAGR of 9% from 2026
to 2032, increasing from USD 208.8 billion to USD 416.1 billion. Meanwhile, Fortune Business Insights reports that the global IoT market&#8212;valued
at USD 308.97 billion in 2020&#8212;expanded by 23.1% that year, substantially outpacing the average annual growth rate from 2017 to
2019. Looking ahead, IoT is expected to surge from USD 381.30 billion in 2021 to USD 1,854.76 billion in 2028.</span></p>

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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Additionally,
the International Data Corporation (IDC) projects that global spending on artificial intelligence will double from USD 50.1 billion in
2020 to over USD 110 billion in 2024. These trends underscore the rising demand for connected solutions and highlight the promising future
of innovative technologies that enhance the safety and efficiency of urban environments. With its cutting-edge products and global reach,
Iveda is uniquely positioned to lead this transformation, providing the advanced solutions that cities need to move forward smartly and
securely.</span></p>

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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b><span style="text-decoration: underline">Technology
/ Products</span></b></span></p>

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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Iveda
offers AI intelligent video search, smart utility, smart sensors, gateways, and trackers, and IoT platforms (Products).</span></p>

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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; background-color: white"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><span style="text-decoration: underline">IvedaAI</span></span></p>

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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">IvedaAI
consists of deep-learning video analytics software running in a computer/server environment that can either be deployed at an edge level
or data center for centralized cloud model. We combined hardware and artificial intelligence software for fast and efficient video search
for objects stored in an external (NVR) or storage device and live streaming video data from any IP camera.</span></p>

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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">IvedaAI
works with any ONVIF-compliant IP cameras and most popular NVR/VMS (Video Management System) platforms, enabling accurate search across
dozens to thousands of cameras in less than 1 second. IvedaAI products are designed to maximize efficiency, save time, and cut cost.
Instead of watching hours of video recording after-the-fact, users can set up alerts.</span></p>

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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; background-color: white"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">AI
Functions</span></p>

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    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
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    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
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    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Face
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    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
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    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left; vertical-align: top"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</span></td>
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    Detection</span></td></tr>
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    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left; vertical-align: top"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</span></td>
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    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left; vertical-align: top"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</span></td>
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    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
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    Counting</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left; vertical-align: top"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Temperature
    Detection</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left; vertical-align: top"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Public
    Health Analytics (Facemask Detection)</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left; vertical-align: top"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">QR
    and Barcode Detection</span></td></tr>
  </table>
<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; background-color: white"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; background-color: white"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Key
Features</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; background-color: white"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
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    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Live
    Camera View</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left; vertical-align: top"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Live
    Tracking</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left; vertical-align: top"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Abnormality
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  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left; vertical-align: top"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Vehicle/Person
    Loitering Detection </span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left; vertical-align: top"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Fall
    Detection</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left; vertical-align: top"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</span></td>
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    Parking Detection </span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left; vertical-align: top"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Heatmap
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  </table>
<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; background-color: white"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>IvedaAI
</b>consists of deep-learning video analytics software running in a computer/server environment that can either be deployed at an edge
level or data center for centralized cloud model. We combined hardware and artificial intelligence software for fast and efficient video
search for objects stored in an external (NVR) or storage device and live streaming video data from any IP camera.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>


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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>IvedaAI
</b>works with any ONVIF-compliant IP cameras and most popular NVR/VMS (Video Management System) platforms, enabling accurate search
across dozens to thousands of cameras in less than 1 second. IvedaAI products are designed to maximize efficiency, save time, and cut
cost. Instead of watching hours of video recording after-the-fact, users can set up alerts.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Iveda
offers many IoT sensors and devices for various applications, such as energy management, smart home, smart building, smart community
and patient/elder care. Our gateway and station serve as the main hub for sensors and devices in any given area. They are equipped with
high-level communication protocols such as Zigbee, WiFi, Bluetooth, and USB. They connect to the Internet via Ethernet or cellular data
network. We provide IoT platforms that enable centralized device management and push digital services on a massive scale. Our smart devices
include water sensor, environment sensor, entry sensor, smart plug, siren, body temperature pad, a care wrist watch and tracking devices.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">We
also offer smart power technology for office buildings, schools, shopping centers, hotels, hospitals, and smart city projects. Our smart
power hardware is equipped with an RS485 communication interface allowing the meters to be connected to various third-party SCADA (supervisory
control and data acquisition) software for monitoring and control purposes. This line of product includes smart power, water meter, smart
lighting controls systems, and smart payment system.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>Iveda&#8217;s
Cerebro</b> is a software technology platform that integrates a multitude of disparate systems for central access and management of applications,
subsystems, and devices throughout an entire environment. It is system agnostic and will support cross-platform interoperability. Cerebro&#8217;s
roadmap includes a dashboard for all of Iveda&#8217;s platforms for central management of all devices. It provides remote access to a
Dashboard for a single user interface, providing convenient anywhere, anytime access and analysis of relevant information in a timely
manner for managing an entire organization or city. Cerebro links city systems and subsystems inseparably to each other. This integration
and unification of all subsystems enable acquisition and analysis of all information on one central entity allowing comprehensive, effective
and overall management and protection of a city.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>IvedaSPS
</b>is our smart power solution, utilizing our Cerebro IoT platform. This completes our digital transformation solution crucial in smart
city deployments as well as in large organizations. We offer smart power technology for office buildings, schools, shopping centers,
hotels, hospitals, and smart city projects. This product includes smart power, water meter, smart lighting controls systems, and smart
payment system.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">In
the last few years, smart city has been a hot topic among cities across the globe. With little to no human interaction, technology increases
efficiency, expedites decision making, and reduces response time. Dwindling public safety budgets and resources have necessitated this
transformation. More and more municipalities are using next-generation technologies to improve the safety and security of its citizens.
Our response is our complete suite of IoT technologies, including AI intelligent video search technology, smart sensors, tracking devices,
video surveillance systems, and smart power.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>


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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>Utilus
</b>is our smart pole solution, utilizing our Cerebro IoT platform. This completes our digital transformation solution crucial in smart
city deployments as well as in large organizations. Iveda leverages infrastructure already available in most modern cities &#8211; Light
poles with power We equip existing poles with Utilus. Utilus consists of power and Internet, establishing a communication network for
access and management of sensors and devices that the city requires to keep its citizens safe and secure and to effectively manage utility
consumption. Our smart pole offering is also ideal for:</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%">
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.75in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top; width: 0.5in; text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</span></td>
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  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top; text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Supporting
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  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top; text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</span></td>
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    Emergency Response Times </span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top; text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</span></td>
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    Hazard Protection </span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top; text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</span></td>
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  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Sound
    Detection </span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Traffic
    Monitoring and Mobility as a Service </span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top; text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</span></td>
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  </table>
<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>vumastAR
</b>is an AI vision software that uses video taken on IP cameras, AR glasses, Androids, and tablets to analyze and process data in real-time.
vumastAR is fully customizable to the user&#8217;s needs, with one short video the AI can be trained in as little as two hours. Deployable
in multiple industries for uses such as:</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%">
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.75in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
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    wiring, and welding inspections.</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
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  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
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  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
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  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left; vertical-align: top"><span style="font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</span></td>
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    </b>Enhance safety and security for operations including loading and unloading tanker trucks, protecting both personnel and products/equipment.</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left; vertical-align: top"><span style="font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>Retail:
    </b>Ensure correct item identification and organization, providing increased accuracy for retail checkout and product categorization,
    ultimately impacting revenue streams.</span></td></tr>
  </table>
<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">vumastAR
is sold as a license per device with a monthly subscription requirement for cloud access to trained AI models.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>IvedaXpress
</b>is a system that enables users to use pre-existing IP cameras and apply AI analytics without the need for large servers or a dedicated
IT department. Designed to be plug-and-play IvedaXpress provides a hassle free set up process with no maintenance required for hardware.
Each IP camera is hosted from a local computer or smartphone for live viewing and playback. Video may be stored on that local computer
or stored remotely using free storage from Amazon or Dropbox.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>


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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>Iveda
Smart UVC</b> is a Commercial-grade, AI-driven Ultraviolet Germicidal Irradiation (UVGI). Iveda Smart UVC adds UV lights to standard
HVAC vents for quick, easy, and inexpensive deployment to homes and commercial buildings. Leveraging the existing air circulation system,
Iveda Smart UVC vents disinfect the air by irradiating UV light on the passing air. Eliminating the need to manually disinfect offices,
meeting rooms, and other workspaces. Iveda Smart UVC can be Integrated with Iveda SPS (smart power management) and sensors to efficiently
and effectively operate the light source upon detected movement.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>Iveda&#8217;s
Smart Drones</b> are flown to perform certain functions from an aerial view without the need for a pilot onboard. Smart Drones utilize
AI-based software for autonomous operation and navigation from taking off, returning to base, carrying out mission-critical tasks or
simply doing an aerial patrol, without the need of human intervention. Unlike typical drones, Iveda Smart Drones are cloud-based and
can be part of a network of drones for central management. They are equipped with Iveda&#8217;s Sentir Video Surveillance System and
IvedaAI Intelligent Video Search Technology.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Iveda
Smart Drone product offering is robust and expansive for a multitude of industrial, commercial, and military applications.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Key
Features of Iveda&#8217;s Smart Drone:</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Fully
Autonomous</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Scheduled
autonomous take-off, flight mission execution, monitoring, landing and recharging</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Easy
operation and 24-7 flight mission</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Intelligent
Computing</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Live
video streaming - real-time object recognition and tracking</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Onboard
(edged) AI and data analysis</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Safety
Design</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Multiply
redundant and fail-safe systems</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Weather
resistant industrial grade systems (IP54)</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Designed
and made in Taiwan (MIT)</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Skywatch</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Planning
and editing real-time/timed missions</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">User/Group
permission control &amp; flight data management</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Failsafe
alarm and FPV gimbal control</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Insight</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Automated
orthorectified service of imagery (2D/3D)</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">AI
technology for inspecting natural disaster, vehicle &amp; pedestrian tracking, and energy facilities inspection.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Visualizing
geographic data and analysis report</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%">
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>&#160;</b></span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top; width: 0.25in; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Propellers:
    8 (multiply redundant)</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Diagonal
    Footprint: 29.76&#8243; / 756 mm</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top; text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Weight:
    14.1lbs / 6.4 Kg</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Hover
    time: 30 mins</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top; text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Wind
    tolerance: Beaufort scale &#8211; 6</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top; text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">IP
    rating: IP54</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top; text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Camera
    sensor: Dual RGB, IR/thermal</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top; text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Network:
    5G/4G LTE and 2.4G Wi-Fi</span></td></tr>
  </table>
<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>The
Smart Utility Cabinet</b> gives end users a convenient tool to monitor their daily energy consumption, to pinpoint electrical leaks,
and to prevent power line overload and potential fire. It utilizes IoT sensors to detect abnormalities in consumption, temperature and
tampering. Iveda Smart Utility Cabinet has an internal environment control design, housed in a durable industrial-grade cabinet. It includes
a smart edge computing gateway with multi-RF communication protocols such as 4G, Z-Wave and WiFi and tampering sensor for unauthorized
access. Smart water meter and gas meter may be added to the Cabinet.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>Vemo
Body Camera</b> streams live video, using 4G, to headquarters and doubles as a walkie talkie with a push-to-talk feature. With its multi-mode
audio, it can also be used for broadcasting and hands-free audio conferencing for group talk. Vemo has WiFi capability which is ideal
for city-wide deployments. Vemo transmits live streaming video instantaneously to the cloud without additional software or hardware.
Vemo&#8217;s cloud management platform can centrally manage an unlimited number of devices and video can be accessed on a PC, Android,
and iOS client. Moreover, Vemo can stream directly into the IvedaAI platform for real-time video analytics to search for faces, objects
or license plates in real time.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>


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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>&#160;</b></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>IvedaCare</b>,
launched in November 2022, is a simple, easy to use suite of wireless health and wellness devices intended to help you monitor the health
and activities of your loved ones, even when you can&#8217;t be there yourself. Our mission is to help ensure your loved one&#8217;s
safety and independence. Stay connected to your elderly loved ones with our advanced IoT devices for real-time monitoring, fall detection,
medication reminders and more. With IvedaCare, you not only can monitor your home and loved ones from afar but can potentially make life-saving
decisions using the app. Cloud-based, wireless sensors collect real-time data shared with the entire family circle within the app. Customers
may add a subscription service for Pro Monitoring. If the Trusted Circle is unavailable, our emergency call center will dispatch emergency
services quickly.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>LevelNOW
</b>is an advanced IoT-based solution that transforms the way liquid levels are monitored and managed. With two unique IoT sensors&#8212;a
standard cap valve sensor designed for 200-liter drums and a patent- pending external sensor that fits various container sizes&#8212;LevelNOW
provides real-time data to ensure efficiency, safety, and cost savings. Its user-friendly AI-backed platform optimizes operations for
industries that rely on large fluid containers, such as oil, gas, and industrial storage. Know exactly when customers are running low
and deploy fleets in real time to refill your liquids.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b><span style="text-decoration: underline">Customers</span></b></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Our
business model in the US is to primarily sell hardware and license our software to organizations already providing services to an existing
customer base and facilitating hardware acquisition through third party partners. This business model provides dual revenue streams &#8211;
one from surveillance camera and analytics hardware sales to the service providers and the other from software licensing fees.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Iveda
Taiwan continues to service its enterprise and government clients on a per-project basis. Some of its customers include Chunghwa Telecom,
the Taiwan Stock Exchange, New Taipei City Police Department, Chicony Power Technology Co, Ltd. and Taiwan Energy Systems.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Here
is a sample list of our historical and present customers and partners:</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;<img src="form10-k_001.jpg" alt=""/></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b><i><span style="text-decoration: underline"></span></i></b></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b><i><span style="text-decoration: underline"></span></i></b></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b><i><span style="text-decoration: underline"></span></i></b></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b><i><span style="text-decoration: underline">Seasonality
of Business</span></i></b></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">There
is no significant seasonality in our business.</span></p>

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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b><i><span style="text-decoration: underline">Research
and Development</span></i></b></span></p>

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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">We
are continuing development of Cerebro, our proprietary IoT platform, utilizing internal resources and outsourced software engineers.
Our LevelNOW product will be utilizing Cerebro on a per device license basis during 2025.</span></p>

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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b><i><span style="text-decoration: underline">Intellectual
Property</span></i></b></span></p>

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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">We
regard certain aspects of our internal operations, products, and documentation as proprietary and rely on a combination of copyright
and trademark (federal and common) laws, trade secrets, software security measures, license agreements, and nondisclosure agreements
to protect our proprietary information. We do not own any patents, but in November 2012 we licensed, through our subsidiary, Sole-Vision
Technologies, Inc., the right to use U.S. Patent No. 8,719,442 (as well as its Taiwanese and Chinese counterparts) ITRI with respect
to the development of cloud-video technologies. We also recognize common law trademarks for &#8220;Iveda Solutions&#8221; and &#8220;Iveda&#8221;
and its logo. We have pending trademarks applications before the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office for these marks.</span></p>

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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">We
cannot guarantee that our protections will be adequate or that our competitors will not independently develop technologies that are substantially
equivalent or superior to our system. Nonetheless, we intend to vigorously defend our proprietary technologies, trademarks, and trade
secrets. We have required and will continue to require existing and future members of management, employees, and consultants to sign
non-disclosure and invention assignment agreements for work performed on our behalf.</span></p>

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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">We
are currently developing Cerebro IoT platform. Cerebro is a federated software platform for smart city management. It consists of power
management, traffic management, location-based asset tracking, security systems management and AI intelligent video search management.
We may consider patent protection for Cerebro based on the unique features we are developing. We are using a combination of open source
and proprietary code for all our source coding.</span></p>

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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">We
do not believe that our proprietary rights infringe the intellectual property rights of third parties. However, we cannot guarantee that
third parties will not assert infringement claims against us with respect to current or future technology or that any such assertion
may not require us to enter into royalty arrangements or result in costly litigation. Furthermore, our proposed future products and services
may not be proprietary and other companies may already be providing these products and services.</span></p>

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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b><i>Environmental
Issues</i></b></span></p>

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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Our
business currently does not implicate any environmental regulation.</span></p>

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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b><span style="text-decoration: underline">Industry
Overview</span></b></span></p>

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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Iveda
is in the AI space providing smart city technologies, offering advanced AI-driven video surveillance solutions and a robust suite of
Internet of Things (IoT) platforms that power digital transformation for cities worldwide. The smart cities market, as well as the AI
and IoT segments, are poised for significant growth in the coming years.</span></p>

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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify">A new report from Verified Market Research projects
that the global smart city platforms market size will grow at a CAGR of 9% from 2026 to 2032, increasing from USD 208.8 billion to USD
416.1 billion. Meanwhile, Fortune Business Insights reports that the global IoT market&#8212;valued at USD 308.97 billion in 2020&#8212;expanded
by 23.1% that year, substantially outpacing the average annual growth rate from 2017 to 2019. Looking ahead, IoT is expected to surge
from USD 381.30 billion in 2021 to USD 1,854.76 billion in 2028.</p>

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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">Additionally, the International Data Corporation (IDC) projects that global spending on artificial intelligence will
double from USD 50.1 billion in 2020 to over USD 110 billion in 2024. These trends underscore the rising demand for connected solutions
and highlight the promising future of innovative technologies that enhance the safety and efficiency of urban environments. With its cutting-edge
products and global reach, Iveda is uniquely positioned to lead this transformation, providing the advanced solutions that cities need
to move forward smartly and securely.</p>
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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>Corporate
Information</b></span></p>

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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Our
principal executive office is located at 1744 S. Val Vista Drive, Ste. 213, Mesa, Arizona 85204. The telephone number of our principal
executive offices is (480) 307-8700. Our registered agent is National Registered Agent, Inc. and their office is located at 1209 Orange Street, in the City of Wilmington, in the county of New Castle,
Delaware 19801.</span></p>

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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>Government
Regulation</b></span></p>

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security and surveillance industry and consumer data privacy are subject to government regulation. Future changes in laws or regulations
could require us to change the way we operate, which could increase costs or otherwise disrupt operations. In addition, failure to comply
with any applicable laws or regulations could result in substantial fines or revocation of any required operating permits and licenses.
If laws and regulations change or we fail to comply in the future, our business, financial condition, and results of operations could
be materially and adversely affected.</span></p>

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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>Employees</b></span></p>

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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">As
of December 31, 2024, we had 7 full-time employees in the United States and 25 full-time employees in Taiwan. Our future success will
depend, in part, on our ability to attract, retain, and motivate highly qualified security, sales, marketing, technical, and management
personnel. From time to time, we employ independent consultants or contractors to support our development, marketing, sales and support,
and administrative needs. Our employees are not represented by any collective bargaining unit.</span></p>

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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>Insurance</b></span></p>

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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">We
maintain insurance, including comprehensive general liability coverage, in amounts and types of coverage that we believe are customary
in our industry. Special coverage is sometimes added in response to unique customer requirements. We also maintain compliance with applicable
state workers&#8217; compensation laws. A certificate of insurance, which meets individual contract specifications, is made available
to every customer.</span></p>

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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>Our
History</b></span></p>

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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">We
were incorporated in Nevada in June 2006 under the name Charmed Homes, Inc. and engaged in the construction and marketing of custom homes
in Alberta, Canada. As a result of the unfavorable housing market and a lack of available funding, we ceased operations in 2008. On October
15, 2009, we completed a reverse merger with IntelaSight, Inc. doing business as Iveda Solutions, a Washington corporation (&#8220;IntelaSight&#8221;),
pursuant to which IntelaSight became a wholly owned subsidiary of our company. Thereafter, we changed our name to Iveda Corporation.
After the reverse merger, all of our operations were conducted under IntelaSight until December 31, 2010, at which time IntelaSight merged
with and into our company, with our company surviving. At that time, we changed our name to Iveda Solutions, Inc. On April 30, 2011,
we completed our acquisition of Iveda Taiwan, which was incorporated in the Republic of China (Taiwan) on July 5, 1999. </span>On March
14, 2025, the Company redomiciled as a Delaware corporation with 300,000,000 authorized shares of common stock and 12,500,000 shares
of preferred stock.</p>
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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Our
common stock is listed on NASDAQ under the symbol &#8220;IVDA.&#8221;</span></p>

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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>Available
Information</b></span></p>

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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Our
principal executive offices are located at 1744 Val Vista, Suite 213, Mesa, Arizona 85204 and our telephone number is (480) 307-8700.
Iveda Taiwan&#8217;s headquarters is located at 2F,-15, No. 14, Lane 609, Sec. 5, Chongxin Rd., Sanchong Dist., New Taipei City 241,
Taiwan (R.O.C.). We have two website addresses: <i>www.iveda.com</i> and <i>www.mega-sys.com</i>. The information contained on our websites
does not constitute a part of this Annual Report on Form 10-K.</span></p>

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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">We
electronically file our Annual Reports on Form 10-K, Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q, Current Reports on Form 8-K, and all amendments
to these reports and other information with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the &#8220;SEC&#8221;). Through our website, we make
available free of charge our Annual Reports on Form 10-K, Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q, Current Reports on Form 8-K, and all amendments
to those reports, as soon as reasonably practicable after we electronically file such material with, or furnish it to, the SEC.</span></p>

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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
public can also obtain copies of any materials we file with, or furnish to, the SEC by visiting the SEC&#8217;s Public Reference Room
at 100 F Street NE, Washington, DC 20549 on official business days during the hours of 10:00 a.m. to 3:00 p.m. or by calling the SEC
at 1-800-SEC-0330. The SEC maintains an Internet site at www.sec.gov that contains reports, proxy and information statements, and other
information regarding issuers that file electronically with the SEC.</span></p>

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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b><span id="a_0032"></span>ITEM
1A &#8211; RISK FACTORS</b></span></p>

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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><i>An
investment in our common stock involves a high degree of risk. Before deciding whether to invest in our securities, you should consider
carefully the risks described below, together with all of the other information set forth in this prospectus, including the section titled
&#8220;Management&#8217;s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations&#8221; and our consolidated financial
statements and related notes. If any of these risks actually occurs, our business, financial condition, results of operations or cash
flow could be materially and adversely affected, which could cause the trading price of our common stock to decline, resulting in a loss
of all or part of your investment. The risks described below and in the documents referenced above are not the only ones that we face.
Additional risks not presently known to us or that we currently deem immaterial may also affect our business. You should only consider
investing in our securities if you can bear the risk of loss of your entire investment.</i></span></p>

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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>Risks
Related to Our Company and Business</b></span></p>

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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><b></b></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><b></b></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><b><i>Our financial statements contain a going concern
opinion. </i></b></p>

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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">The accompanying consolidated
financial statements have been prepared assuming that we will continue as a going concern, which contemplates the realization of assets
and the liquidation of liabilities in the normal course of business. We generated accumulated losses of approximately $53 million since
inception and have insufficient working capital and cash flows to support operations. These factors raise substantial doubt about our
ability to continue as a going concern. The consolidated financial statements do not include any adjustments relating to the recoverability
and classification of recorded asset amounts or the amounts and classification of liabilities that might result from this uncertainty.</p>
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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b><i>We
Have Incurred Significant Net Losses Since Our Inception And May Not Be Able To Achieve Or Maintain Profitability On An Annual Basis
In The Future.</i></b></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">We
have incurred significant net losses since our inception. For the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, we incurred net losses of approximately
$3.7 million and $4.0 million, respectively, and had accumulated losses of approximately $51 million through December 31, 2024. We cannot
predict if we will achieve or maintain annual profitability in the near future or at all. The expected growth due to the recent change
in our revenue model may not be sustainable or may decrease, and we may not generate sufficient revenue to achieve or maintain annual
profitability. Our ability to achieve and maintain annual profitability depends on a number of factors, including our ability to attract
and service customers on a profitable basis and the growth of the video surveillance industry. If we are unable to achieve or maintain
annual profitability, we may not be able to execute our business plan, our prospects may be harmed, and our stock price could be materially
and adversely affected.</span></p>

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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b><i>We
Depend On Certain Key Personnel.</i></b></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Our
future success is dependent on the efforts of key management personnel, particularly David Ly, our Chairman and Chief Executive Officer
and Robert J. Brilon, our Chief Financial Officer, each of whom is employed by us at will. Mr. Ly&#8217;s relationships within our industry
are vital to our continued operations, and if Mr. Ly were no longer actively involved with us, we would likely be unable to continue
our operations. The loss of one or more of our other key employees could also have a material adverse effect on our business, financial
condition, and results of operations.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">We
also believe that our future success will be largely dependent on our ability to attract and retain highly qualified management, sales,
and marketing personnel. We cannot assure investors that we will be able to attract and retain such personnel and our inability to retain
such personnel or to train them rapidly enough to meet our expanding needs could cause a decrease in the overall quality and efficiency
of our staff, which could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, and results of operations.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b><i>Demand
For Our Products May Be Lower Than We Anticipate.</i></b></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">We
have limited resources to undertake reseller distribution activities. We cannot predict with certainty the potential customer demand
for our intelligent video search, smart utility, smart sensors, gateways and trackers, and IoT platforms (Products) or the degree to
which we will meet that demand. If demand for our Products does not develop to the extent or as quickly as expected, we might not be
able to generate enough revenue to become profitable.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">We
are currently targeting the sale of our Products to telecommunications companies and technology and systems integrators. Our strategy
to target those organizations is based upon their interest and a number of assumptions, some or all of which could prove to be incorrect.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Even
if markets for our Products develop, we could achieve a smaller share of those markets than we currently anticipate. Achieving market
share will require substantial investment in technical, marketing, project management, and engineering functions to support the deployment
of our Products. We cannot assure investors that our efforts will result in the attainment of sufficient market share to become profitable.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b><i>We
Believe Industry Trends Support Our Open Source Systems, But If Trends Reverse We May Experience Decreased Demand.</i></b></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
security and surveillance industry is characterized by rapid changes in technology and customer demands. We believe that the existing
market preference for open source systems (systems capable of integrating a wide range of products and services through community and
private-based cooperation, such as the Internet, Linux, and certain cameras used in our business) is strong and will continue for the
foreseeable future. We cannot assure investors that customer demand for our products and the market&#8217;s preference for open source
systems will continue. A lack of customer demand or a decline in the preference of open source systems could have a material adverse
effect on our business, financial condition, and results of operations.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>


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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b><i>A
Relatively Small Number Of Key Customers Account For A Significant Portion Of Our Revenue. </i></b></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Historically,
a significant portion of our revenue has come from a limited number of key customers. Revenue from five customers out of 70 total customers
represented approximately 67% of total revenue for the year ended December 31, 2024. These specific customers were 1) Chunghwa Telecom
with 18% 2) SECURITY INTEGRATION &amp; CONSULTANT TECHNOLOGY CO., LTD. With 16%, 3) Chicony Power Technology Co Ltd with 11% and 4) HWACOM
SYSTEMS INC. with 10%, (all Taiwan companies) and Claro Enterprise Solutions (a US company) with 12%. Revenue from two customers out
of 65 total customers represented approximately 48% of total revenue for the year ended December 31, 2023. These specific customers were
1) YOU MING HUEI CO. LTD with 25%, 2) Chicony Power Technology Co Ltd with 23%, (both Taiwan companies). Total number of customers were
approximately 70 and 65, for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively. 52% of the total accounts receivable at December
31, 2024 was from one customer out of a total of 42 customer accounts receivable accounts. This specific customer was Chunghwa Telecom.
Our accounts receivables are unsecured, and we are at risk to the extent such amounts become uncollectible. Although we perform periodic
evaluations of our customers&#8217; credit and financial condition, we generally do not require collateral in exchange for our products
and services provided on credit.</span></p>

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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Our
licensing business, in particular, may be susceptible to concentration of revenue, if through our licensing customers&#8217; large consumer
bases of end users. The loss of a key service provider customer, the delay, reduction, or cancellation of a significant order, or difficulty
collecting on our accounts receivable from our service provider customers could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial
condition, and results of operations.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Payment
terms for our U.S.-based segment require 50% prepayment for our Products before they are shipped. For our U.S.-based segment, accounts
receivable that are more than 120 days past due are considered delinquent. Payment terms for our Taiwan-based segment vary based on our
agreements with our customers. Generally, we receive payment for our Products and services within one year of commencing the project,
except that we retain 5% of the total payment amount and release such amount one year after the completion of the project. Iveda Taiwan
provides an allowance for doubtful accounts for any receivables that will not be paid within one year, which excludes such retained amounts.
We have set up no doubtful accounts receivable allowances for our Taiwan-based and U.S.-based segments, respectively, as of the years
ended December 31, 2024 and 2023. We deem our accounts receivable to be collectible based on certain factors, including the nature of
the customer contracts and past experience with similar customers.</span></p>

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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b><i>We
Rely On Iveda Taiwan, Our Taiwan Subsidiary, For A Significant Portion Of Our Revenue.</i></b></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">We
rely on Iveda Taiwan, our Taiwan subsidiary, for a significant portion of our revenue. For the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023,
Iveda Taiwan&#8217;s operations accounted for 85% and 87% of our total revenue, respectively. If Iveda Taiwan experiences a decline in
customer demand for its services, an increase in supplier pricing, currency fluctuations, or general economic or governmental instability,
our business, financial condition, and results of operations may be materially and adversely affected.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b><i>Rapid
Growth May Strain Our Resources.</i></b></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">As
we continue the commercialization of our Products, we expect to experience significant and rapid growth in the scope and complexity of
our business, which may place a significant strain on our senior management team and our financial and other resources. Such growth,
if experienced, may expose us to greater costs and other risks associated with growth and expansion. We may be required to hire a broad
range of additional employees, including engineers, project managers, and other support personnel, among others, in order to successfully
advance our operations. We may also be required to expand and enhance our technology to accommodate customized customer solutions. We
may be unsuccessful in these efforts or we may be unable to project accurately the rate or timing of these increases.</span></p>

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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
nature of our distribution channel business does not require us to increase our leased space. Our licensing partners may host our platforms
in their own data centers or public cloud such as Amazon or Google. Our ability to manage our rapid growth effectively will require us
to continue to improve our operations, to improve our financial and management information systems, and to train, motivate, and manage
our employees.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">This
growth may place a strain on our management and operational resources. The failure to develop and implement effective systems, or to
hire and retain sufficient personnel for the performance of all of the functions necessary to effectively service and manage our business,
or the failure to manage growth effectively, could have a materially adverse effect on our business, financial condition, and results
of operations. In addition, difficulties in effectively managing the budgeting, forecasting, and other process control issues presented
by such a rapid expansion could harm our business, financial condition, and results of operations.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b><i>We
Depend On Third Party Manufacturers and Suppliers For The Products We Sell.</i></b></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">We
have relationships with a number of third-party manufacturers and suppliers that provide all of the hardware components of our Products.
We have direct relationships with camera manufacturers in Taiwan for camera systems. Risks associated with our dependence upon third-party
manufacturers include the following: (i) reduced control over delivery schedules; (ii) lack of control over quality assurance; (iii)
poor manufacturing yields and high costs; (iv) potential lack of adequate capacity during periods of excess demand; and (v) potential
misappropriation of our intellectual property. Although we depend on third-party manufacturers and suppliers for the Products we sell,
risks are minimized because we do not depend exclusively on any one manufacturer or supplier. We utilize an open platform, which means
that in order to deliver our services, we do not discriminate based on camera brand or manufacturer and our services can be used with
a wide array of products.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">We
do not know if we will be able to maintain third-party manufacturing and supply contracts on favorable terms, if at all, or if our current
or future third-party manufacturers and suppliers will meet our requirements for quality, quantity, or timeliness. Our success depends
in part on whether our manufacturers are able to fill the orders we place with them in a timely manner. If our manufacturers fail to
satisfactorily perform their contractual obligations or fill purchase orders we place with them, we may be required to pursue replacement
manufacturer relationships.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">While
we believe we would be able to find replacement sources for all of our third-party manufacturers and suppliers, if we are unable to find
replacements on a timely basis, or at all, we may be forced to either temporarily or permanently discontinue the sale of certain products
and associated services, which could expose us to legal liability, loss of reputation, and risk of loss or reduced profit. We believe
that our present suppliers offer products that are superior to comparable products available from other suppliers. In addition, we have
development partner relationships with many of our present suppliers, which provide us with greater control over future enhancements
to the products we sell. Our business, financial condition, results of operation, and reputation could be adversely impacted if we are
unable to provide quality products to our customers in a timely manner.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">We
could also be adversely affected by an increase in our manufacturers&#8217; prices for our product components or a significant decline
in our manufacturers&#8217; financial condition. Our manufacturers&#8217; prices may increase as a result of internal price determinations,
fluctuations in the prices of raw materials, natural disasters, raw material shortages, or other events beyond our control. If our relationship
with any one of our manufacturers is terminated and we cannot successfully establish a relationship with an alternative manufacturer
that offers similar services at similar prices, our costs could increase, adversely affecting our operations.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b><i>We
Operate In A Highly Competitive Industry And Our Failure To Compete Effectively May Adversely Affect Our Ability To Generate Revenue.</i></b></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">We
believe that our products offer more functions and are priced better than our competitors. However, some companies may be developing
a similar product, including companies that may have significantly greater financial, technical, and marketing resources, larger distribution
networks, and that generate greater revenue and have greater name recognition than we do. Those companies may develop products that are
superior to those that we offer. Such competition may potentially affect our chances of achieving profitability.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>


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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Some
of our competitors may conduct more extensive promotional activities and may offer lower prices to customers than we can, which could
allow them to gain greater market share or prevent us from increasing our market share. In the future, we may need to decrease our prices
to remain competitive. Our competitors may be able to respond more quickly to new or changing opportunities, technologies, and customer
requirements. To be successful, we must carry out our business plan, establish and strengthen our brand awareness through marketing,
effectively differentiate our services from those of our potential competitors, and build our network of service providers, while maintaining
a superior platform and level of service, which we believe will ultimately differentiate our Products from those of our competitors.
We may have to substantially increase marketing and development activities to compete effectively.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b><i>If
Our Information Security Measures Are Breached And Unauthorized Access Is Obtained, Existing And Potential Service Providers May Not
Perceive Our Software And Services As Being Secure And May Terminate Their Licensing Agreements Or Fail To Order Additional Products
And Services.</i></b></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Our
software involves the monitoring of cameras that may be recording sensitive areas of end users&#8217; facilities and the storage of sensitive
data obtained from such cameras. Our software utilizes data and other security measures that are comparable to those used by financial
institutions. However, because we no longer host the platform at our own data centers, information security risks associated with data
centers are borne by the service providers. If we or any of our service providers or their end-users experience any breach of security
in our software, we may be required to expend significant capital and resources to help restore our service providers&#8217; systems.
Furthermore, because techniques used to obtain unauthorized access to information systems change frequently and generally are not recognized
until launched against a target, we may not be able to anticipate those techniques or to implement adequate preventative measures. Given
the nature of our business and the business of the service providers we serve, if unauthorized parties gain access to our or our service
providers&#8217; information systems or such information is used in an unauthorized manner, misdirected, lost, or stolen during transmission,
any theft or misuse of such information could result in, among other things, unfavorable publicity, governmental inquiry and oversight,
difficulty in marketing our software, allegations by our service providers that we have not performed our contractual obligations, termination
of services by existing customers, litigation by affected parties, and possible financial obligations for damages related to the theft
or misuse of such information, any of which could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, and results of
operations.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b><i>Our
Property And Business Interruption Insurance Coverage Is Limited And May Not Compensate Us Fully For Losses That May Occur As A Result
Of A Disruption To Our Business.</i></b></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Our
property and business interruption insurance coverage is limited and is subject to deductibles and coverage limits. In the event that
we experience a disruption to our business, our insurance coverage may not compensate us fully for losses that may occur. Any damage
or failure that causes interruptions to our business could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, and results
of operations.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b><i>The
Timing Of Our Revenue Can Vary Depending On How Long Customers Take To Evaluate Our Platform.</i></b></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">It
is difficult to forecast the timing of revenue because the development period for a customized system or solution may be lengthy. In
addition, our larger customers may need a significant amount of time to evaluate our products before purchasing them, and our governmental
customers are subject to budgetary and other bureaucratic processes that may affect the timing of payment. The period between initial
customer contact and a purchase by a customer varies greatly depending on the customer and historically has taken several months. During
the evaluation period, customers may defer or reduce proposed orders of products or systems for various reasons, including (i) changes
in budgets and purchasing priorities, (ii) decreased market adoption expectations, (iii) a reduced need to upgrade existing systems,
(iv) introduction of products by competitors, and (v) general market and economic conditions.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b><i>We
Are Subject To Certain Risks Inherent In Managing And Operating Businesses In Taiwan.</i></b></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">We
have significant international operations in Taiwan that involve matters central to our business, including those relating to e-commerce,
privacy and data protection, live streaming services, intellectual property, computer security, anti-money laundering, anti-corruption
and anti-bribery, currency control regulations, data protection, privacy, consumer protection, competition, telecommunications and product
liability. There are risks inherent in operating and selling products and services internationally, including the following: different
regulatory environments and reimbursement systems; difficulties in enforcing agreements and collecting receivables through certain foreign
legal systems; foreign customers who may have longer payment cycles than customers in the United States; fluctuations in foreign currency
exchange rates; tax rates in certain foreign countries that may exceed those in the United States and foreign earnings that may be subject
to withholding requirements; the imposition of tariffs, exchange controls, or other trade restrictions; general economic and political
conditions in countries where we operate or where our customers reside; government control of capital transactions, including the borrowing
of funds for operations or the expatriation of cash; potential adverse tax consequences; security concerns and potential business interruption
risks associated with political or social unrest in foreign countries where our facilities or assets are located; difficulties associated
with managing a large organization spread throughout various countries; difficulties in enforcing intellectual property rights and weaker
intellectual property rights protection in some countries; required compliance with a variety of foreign laws and regulations; and differing
customer preferences. The factors described above may have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, and results
of operations.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>


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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b><i>Because
the majority of the Company&#8217;s revenues come from our Iveda Taiwan subsidiary, which is located in Taiwan, the Company is subject
to the risks of doing business in Taiwan, including periodic foreign economic downturns and political instability, which may adversely
affect the Company&#8217;s revenue and cost of doing business in Taiwan.</i></b></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Sole-Vision
Technologies (doing business as Iveda Taiwan) is the Company&#8217;s wholly-owned subsidiary and generates the majority of the Company&#8217;s
revenues. Iveda Taiwan&#8217; primary place of business is in Taiwan, Republic of China, and the Company has certain key employees in
Taiwan. Foreign economic downturns may affect our results of operations in the future. Additionally, other facts relating to the operation
of the Company&#8217;s business outside of the U.S. may have a material adverse effect on the Company&#8217;s business, financial condition
and results of operations, including:</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

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    in, or impositions of, legislative or regulatory requirements regarding the pharmaceutical industry;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
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    with U.S. and international laws involving international operations, including the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act and export control
    laws;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
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    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">restrictions
    on transfers of funds and assets between jurisdictions; </span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
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    to supply chains, impacting access to raw materials, labor, or finished products from third-party manufacturers;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
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    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">uncertainty
    in financial markets, leading to currency fluctuations, changes in interest rates, and stock market volatility;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
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    of elevated security concerns, including cyber threats, protests, or civil unrest; and</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
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    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">China-
    Taiwan geo-political instability.</span></td></tr>
  </table>
<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">As
the Company continues to operate its business in Taiwan, our success will depend in part, on our ability to anticipate and effectively
manage these risks. The impact of any one or more of these factors could materially adversely affect our business, financial condition
and results of operations.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b><i>Recent
Geopolitical issues, conflicts and other global events could adversely affect our results of operations and financial condition.</i></b></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Because
a substantial portion of our business is conducted outside of the United States, our business is subject to global political issues and
conflicts. Such political issues and conflicts could have a material adverse effect on our results of operations and financial condition
if they escalate in areas in which we do business. In addition, changes in and adverse actions by governments in foreign markets in which
we do business could have a material adverse effect on our results of operations and financial condition. For example, the recent and
continuing conflict arising from the invasion of Ukraine by Russia could adversely impact macroeconomic conditions, give rise to regional
instability and result in heightened economic tariffs, sanctions and import-export restrictions from the U.S. and the international community
in a manner that adversely affects us, including to the extent that any such actions cause material business interruptions, restrict
our ability to conduct business with certain suppliers or vendors, utilize the banking system, or repatriate cash.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b><i>We
face risks associated with increased political uncertainty.</i></b></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
recent invasion of Ukraine by Russia and the sanctions, bans and other measures taken by governments, organizations and companies against
Russia and certain Russian citizens in response thereto has increased the political uncertainty in Europe and has strained the relations
between Russia and a significant number of governments, including the U.S. The duration and outcome of this conflict, any retaliatory
actions taken by Russia and the impact on regional or global economies is unknown, but could have a material adverse effect on our business,
financial condition and results of our operations.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>


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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">In
the U.S., the change in the U.S. government to the Biden administration has resulted in uncertainty regarding potential changes in regulations,
fiscal policy, social programs, domestic and foreign relations and international trade policies. In addition, potential changes in relationships
among the U.S. and China and other countries including Taiwan could have significant impacts on global trade and regional economic conditions,
among other things. In addition, changes in the relationships between the U.S. and its neighbors, such as Mexico, could have significant,
potentially negative, impacts on commerce. Further, anti-American sentiment could harm the reputation and success of U.S. companies doing
business abroad.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Our
ability to respond to these developments or comply with any resulting new legal or regulatory requirements, including those involving
economic and trade sanctions, could reduce our sales, increase our costs of doing business, reduce our financial flexibility and otherwise
have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of our operations.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b><i>Our
supply chain may be disrupted by changes in U.S. trade policy.</i></b></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">We
rely on domestic and foreign suppliers to provide us with products in a timely manner and at favorable prices. We have experienced, and
expect to continue to experience, increased international transit times. A disruption in the flow of our imported products or a material
increase in the cost of those goods or transportation without any offsetting price increases may significantly decrease our profits.
U.S. tariffs or other actions against foreign nations including China and any responses by such nations including China, could impair
our ability to meet customer demand and could result in lost sales or an increase in our cost of products This would have a material
adverse impact on our business and results of operations.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b><i>Our
business activities may be subject to the U.S. Foreign Corrupt Practices Act, or the FCPA, and similar anti-bribery and anti-corruption
laws of other countries in which we operate, as well as U.S. and certain foreign export controls, trade sanctions, and import laws and
regulations. Compliance with these legal requirements could limit our ability to compete in foreign markets and subject us to liability
if we violate them.</i></b></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">If
we further expand our operations outside of the United States, we must dedicate additional resources to comply with numerous laws and
regulations in each jurisdiction in which we plan to operate. Our business activities may be subject to the FCPA and similar anti-bribery
or anti-corruption laws, regulations or rules of other countries in which we operate. The FCPA generally prohibits companies and their
employees and third party intermediaries from offering, promising, giving or authorizing the provision of anything of value, either directly
or indirectly, to a non-U.S. government official in order to influence official action or otherwise obtain or retain business. The FCPA
also requires public companies to make and keep books and records that accurately and fairly reflect the transactions of the corporation
and to devise and maintain an adequate system of internal accounting controls. Our business is heavily regulated and therefore involves
significant interaction with public officials, including officials of non-U.S. governments. Additionally, in many other countries, hospitals
owned and operated by the government, and doctors and other hospital employees would be considered foreign officials under the FCPA.
Recently the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) and Department of Justice (DOJ) have increased their FCPA enforcement activities
with respect to biotechnology and pharmaceutical companies. There is no certainty that all of our employees, agents or contractors, or
those of our affiliates, will comply with all applicable laws and regulations, particularly given the high level of complexity of these
laws. Violations of these laws and regulations could result in fines, criminal sanctions against us, our officers or our employees, disgorgement,
and other sanctions and remedial measures, and prohibitions on the conduct of our business. Any such violations could include prohibitions
on our ability to offer our products in one or more countries and could materially damage our reputation, our brand, our international
activities, our ability to attract and retain employees and our business, prospects, operating results and financial condition.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in; background-color: white"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">In
addition, our products and technology may be subject to U.S. and foreign export controls, trade sanctions and import laws and regulations.
Governmental regulation of the import or export of our products and technology, or our failure to obtain any required import or export
authorization for our products, when applicable, could harm our international sales and adversely affect our revenue. Compliance with
applicable regulatory requirements regarding the export of our products may create delays in the introduction of our products in international
markets or, in some cases, prevent the export of our products to some countries altogether. Furthermore, U.S. export control laws and
economic sanctions prohibit the shipment of certain products and services to countries, governments, and persons targeted by U.S. sanctions.
If we fail to comply with export and import regulations and such economic sanctions, penalties could be imposed, including fines and/or
denial of certain export privileges. Moreover, any new export or import restrictions, new legislation or shifting approaches in the enforcement
or scope of existing regulations, or in the countries, persons, or products targeted by such regulations, could result in decreased use
of our products by, or in our decreased ability to export our products to existing or potential customers with international operations.
Any decreased use of our products or limitation on our ability to export or sell access to our products would likely adversely affect
our business.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"></span></p>

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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b><i>We
Rely On Service Providers To Distribute Our Products To Customers.</i></b></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">We
rely on service providers such as telecommunications companies, security integrators and other technology integrators to purchase and
distribute our Products to their customers. We plan to continue this method of our internal sales activity for the foreseeable future
to service large service providers and government accounts. While we believe we will be able to find alternate service providers if our
relationship with any of our larger service providers is terminated and we are not successful in establishing a relationship with an
alternative service provider that offers similar services at similar prices, our business could decline.</span></p>

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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b><i>We
have acquired, and may in the future acquire, assets, businesses and technologies as part of our business strategy. If we acquire companies
or technologies in the future, they could prove difficult to integrate, disrupt our business, dilute stockholder value, and adversely
affect our operating results and the value of our common stock.</i></b></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">As
part of our business strategy, we may acquire, enter into joint ventures with, or make investments in complementary or synergistic companies,
services, and technologies in the future. Acquisitions and investments involve numerous risks, including, without limitation:</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top; width: 0.25in; text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">difficulties
    in identifying and acquiring products, technologies, proprietary rights or businesses that will help our business&#894;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top; text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">difficulties
    in integrating operations, technologies, services, and personnel&#894;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top; text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">diversion
    of financial and managerial resources from existing operations&#894;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top; text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">the
    risk of entering new development activities and markets in which we have little to no experience&#894;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top; text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">risks
    related to the assumption of known and unknown liabilities&#894;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top; text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">risks
    related to our ability to raise sufficient capital to fund additional operating activities&#894; and</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top; text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">the
    issuance of our securities as partial or full payment for any acquisitions and investments could result in material dilution to our
    existing stockholders.</span></td></tr>
  </table>
<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">If
we fail to integrate any acquired business into our operations, or if we fail to properly evaluate acquisitions or investments, we may
not achieve the anticipated benefits of any such acquisitions, we may incur costs in excess of what we anticipate, and management resources
and attention may be diverted from other necessary or valuable activities.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b><i>Any
acquisitions we make could disrupt our business and seriously harm our financial condition. </i></b></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">We
have in the past made (and may, from time to time, consider) acquisitions of complementary companies, products or technologies. Acquisitions
involve numerous risks, including difficulties in the assimilation of the acquired businesses, the diversion of our management&#8217;s
attention from other business concerns and potential adverse effects on existing business relationships. In addition, any acquisitions
could involve the incurrence of substantial additional indebtedness. We cannot assure you that we will be able to successfully integrate
any acquisitions that we pursue or that such acquisitions will perform as planned or prove to be beneficial to our operations and cash
flow. Any such failure could seriously harm our business, financial condition and results of operations.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b><i>Our
Ability To Use Our Net Operating Loss Carryforwards And Certain Other Tax Attributes May Be Limited, Which Could Potentially Result In
Increased Tax Liabilities To Us In The Future.</i></b></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">In
prior years, we have suffered losses, for tax and financial statement purposes that generated significant federal and state net operating
loss carryforwards. As of December 31, 2024, we had approximately $39.0 million of federal and $9.0 million of state net operating loss
carryforwards, which we believe could offset otherwise taxable income in the United States and Arizona. Our federal net operating loss
carryforwards begin to expire in 2025. Our state net operating loss carryforwards, which are applicable in California and Arizona, began
to expire in 2014. Although these net operating loss carryforwards may be used against taxable income in future periods, we will not
receive any tax benefits from the losses we incurred unless, and only to the extent that, we have taxable income during the period prior
to their expiration. In addition, our ability to use the net operating loss carryforwards would be severely limited in the event we complete
a transaction that results in an ownership change under Section 382 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>


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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>Risks
Related to Our Intellectual Property</b></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b><i>We
Could Incur Substantial Costs Defending Against Claims That Our Products Infringe On The Proprietary Rights Of Others.</i></b></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">We
do not own any patents. While we do not believe that our products infringe on the proprietary rights of any third parties, the intellectual
property rights that we do have may not be sufficient to prevent infringement claims against us or claims that we have violated the intellectual
property rights of third parties. We were named as a defendant in two patent-related lawsuits, both of which have been settled.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Competitors
may have filed patent applications for or may have been issued patents and may obtain additional patents or other proprietary rights
relating to products or processes that compete with or are related to our products and services. The scope and viability of these patents
and other proprietary rights, the extent to which we may be required to obtain licenses under these patents or under other proprietary
rights, and the cost and availability of licenses are unknown, but these factors may limit our ability to market our products and services.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">While
we do not believe that our products infringe on the proprietary rights of any third parties, third parties may claim infringement by
us with respect to any patents or other proprietary rights that they hold, and we cannot assure investors that we would prevail in any
such proceeding as the intellectual property status of our current and future competitors&#8217; products and services is uncertain.
Any infringement claim against us, whether meritorious or not, could be time-consuming, result in costly litigation or arbitration and
diversion of technical and management personnel, or require us to develop non-infringing technology or to enter into royalty or licensing
agreements.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">We
may not be successful in developing or otherwise acquiring rights to non-infringing technologies. Royalty or licensing agreements, if
required, may not be available on terms acceptable to us, or at all, and could significantly harm our business and operating results.
A successful claim of infringement against us or our failure or inability to license the infringed or similar technology could require
us to pay substantial damages and could harm our business because we would not be able to continue operating our products without incurring
significant additional expense.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">In
addition, to the extent we have agreed to or will agree to indemnify customers or other third parties against infringement of the intellectual
property rights of others, a claim of infringement could require us to incur substantial time, effort, and expense to indemnify these
customers and third parties and could disrupt or terminate their ability to use, market, or sell our products. Furthermore, our suppliers
may not provide us with indemnification in the event that their products are found to infringe upon the intellectual property rights
of any third parties, and if they do not, we would be forced to bear any resulting expense.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b><i>We
Depend On Our Intellectual Property.</i></b></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Our
success and ability to compete depends in part on our proprietary Cerebro Smart IoT Platform and IvedaAI intelligent video search technology.
We rely on a combination of copyright and trademark (federal and common) laws, trade secrets, software security measures, license agreements,
and nondisclosure agreements to protect our proprietary information. We licensed, through our subsidiary, Sole-Vision Technologies, Inc.,
the right to use U.S. Patent No. 8,719,442 (as well as its Taiwanese and Chinese counterparts) from Industrial Technology Research Institute
(ITRI) with respect to the development of cloud-video technologies. If any of our competitors copy or otherwise gain access to our proprietary
technology or develop similar technologies independently, we may not be able to compete as effectively. We consider our proprietary platform
invaluable to our ability to continue to develop and maintain the goodwill and recognition associated with our brand. We do not currently
own any patents. The measures we take to protect our technologies and other intellectual property rights, which presently are based upon
trade secrets, may not be adequate to prevent their unauthorized use.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">If
we are unable to protect our intellectual property, our competitors could use our intellectual property to market products, services,
and technologies similar to ours, which could reduce demand for our Products, services, and technologies. We may be unable to prevent
unauthorized parties from attempting to copy or otherwise obtaining and using our products or technology. Policing unauthorized use of
our technology is difficult, and we may not be able to prevent misappropriation of our technology, particularly in foreign countries
where the laws may not protect our intellectual property as fully as those in the United States. Others may circumvent the trade secrets,
trademarks, and copyrights that we currently or in the future may own. We do not have patent protection with respect to our software
or systems, although we are considering seeking such protection.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>


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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">We
seek to protect our proprietary intellectual property, which includes intellectual property that may only be protectable as a trade secret,
in part by confidentiality agreements with our employees, consultants, and business partners. These agreements afford only limited protection
and may not provide us with adequate remedies for any breach or prevent other persons or institutions from asserting rights to intellectual
property arising out of these relationships. See &#8220;Business &#8211; Intellectual Property.&#8221;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b><i>We
Could Incur Substantial Costs Defending Our Intellectual Property From Infringement By Others.</i></b></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Unauthorized
parties may attempt to copy aspects of our proprietary software or to obtain and use our other proprietary information. Litigation may
be necessary to enforce our intellectual property rights, to protect our trade secrets, and to determine the validity and scope of the
proprietary rights of others. We may not have the financial resources to prosecute any infringement claims that we may have. Any litigation
could result in substantial costs and diversion of resources with no assurance of success.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>Risk
Related to Ownership of Our Securities</b></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b><i>We
May Not Be Able To Access The Equity Or Credit Markets.</i></b></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">We
face the risk that we may not be able to access various capital sources, including investors, lenders, or suppliers. Failure to access
the equity or credit markets from any of these sources could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results
of operations, and future prospects.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b><i>Future
Sales Of Our Common Stock In The Public Market By Our Existing Stockholders, Or The Perception That Such Sales Might Occur, Could Depress
The Market Price Of Our Common Stock.</i></b></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
market price of our common stock could decline as a result of the sales of a large number of shares of our common stock in the market
by the selling stockholders, and even the perception that these sales could occur may depress the market price of our common stock.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b><i>Future
Sales And Issuances Of Our Common Stock Or Rights To Purchase Common Stock By Us, Including Pursuant To Acquisitions, Investments, Financings
or Our Equity Incentive Plans, Could Result In Additional Dilution Of Percentage Ownership Of Our Stockholders And Could Cause Our Stock
Price To Fall.</i></b></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">We
intend to issue additional securities pursuant to our equity incentive plans and may issue equity or convertible securities in the future
in connection with acquisitions, investments and/or additional financings. To the extent we do so, our stockholders may experience substantial
dilution. We may sell common stock, convertible securities, or other equity securities in one or more transactions at prices and in a
manner we determine from time to time. If we sell common stock, convertible securities, or other equity securities in more than one transaction,
investors may be materially diluted by subsequent sales and new investors could gain rights superior to our existing stockholders.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b><i>There
Is A Limited Market For Our Common Stock.</i></b></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Our
common stock is listed on the Nasdaq Capital Markets under the symbol &#8220;IVDA&#8221;. No assurance can be given that an active trading
market for our shares will be maintained. In the absence of an active trading market for our common stock, the ability of our stockholders
to sell their shares could be limited.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b><i>Our
Reporting Obligations As A Public Company Are Costly.</i></b></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">As
a public company, we are subject to the reporting requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the &#8220;Exchange
Act&#8221;), the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 (the &#8220;Sarbanes-Oxley Act&#8221;), and the Securities Act. These rules, regulations
and requirements are extensive. We may incur significant costs associated with our public company corporate governance and reporting
requirements. This may divert management&#8217;s attention from other business concerns, which could have a material adverse effect on
our business, financial condition and results of operations. We also expect that these applicable rules and regulations may make it more
difficult and more expensive for us to obtain director and officer liability insurance and we may be required to accept reduced policy
limits and coverage or incur substantially higher costs to obtain the same or similar coverage. As a result, it may be more difficult
for us to attract and retain qualified individuals to serve on our board of directors or as executive officers.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b><i>Future
Changes in Financial Accounting Standards or Practices May Cause Adverse Unexpected Financial Reporting Fluctuations and Affect Reported
Results of Operations.</i></b></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">A
change in accounting standards or practices can have a significant effect on our reported results and may even affect our reporting of
transactions completed before the change is effective. New accounting pronouncements and varying interpretations of accounting pronouncements
have occurred and may occur in the future. Changes to existing rules or the questioning of current practices may adversely affect our
reported financial results or the way we conduct business.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>


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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b><i>If
we fail to maintain an effective system of internal controls over financial reporting, we may not be able to accurately report our financial
results or prevent fraud and our business may be harmed and our stock price may be adversely impacted.</i></b></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Effective
internal controls over financial reporting are necessary for us to provide reliable financial reports and to effectively prevent fraud.
Any inability to provide reliable financial reports or to prevent fraud could harm our business. The Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 (the
&#8220;Sarbanes-Oxley Act&#8221;) requires management to evaluate and assess the effectiveness of our internal control over financial
reporting. In order to continue to comply with the requirements of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act, we are required to continuously evaluate and,
where appropriate, enhance our policies, procedures and internal controls. We have in the past failed, and may in the future fail, to
maintain the adequacy of our internal controls over financial reporting. Such failure could subject us to litigation or regulatory scrutiny
and investors could lose confidence in the accuracy and completeness of our financial reports. We cannot provide any assurance that in
the future we will be able to fully comply with the requirements of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act or that management will conclude that our
internal control over financial reporting is effective. If we fail to fully comply with the requirements of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act, our
business may be harmed and our stock price may decline. For example, our assessment, testing and evaluation of the design and operating
effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting resulted in our conclusion that as of December 31, 2024 our internal control
over financial reporting was not effective, due to the Company not having adequate controls related to change management within the technology
that support the Company&#8217;s financial reporting function.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b><i>Our
financial controls and procedures may not be sufficient to ensure timely and reliable reporting of financial information, which, as a
public company, could materially harm our stock price.</i></b></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">We
require significant financial resources to maintain our public reporting status. We cannot assure you we will be able to maintain adequate
resources to ensure that we will not have any future material weakness in our system of internal controls. The effectiveness of our controls
and procedures may in the future be limited by a variety of factors including:</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left; width: 0.25in; vertical-align: top"><span style="font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">faulty
    human judgment and simple errors, omissions or mistakes;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left; vertical-align: top"><span style="font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">fraudulent
    action of an individual or collusion of two or more people;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left; vertical-align: top"><span style="font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">inappropriate
    management override of procedures; and</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left; vertical-align: top"><span style="font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">the
    possibility that any enhancements to controls and procedures may still not be adequate to assure timely and accurate financial information.</span></td></tr>
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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Our
internal control over financial reporting is a process designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial
reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles
in the United States of America. Our internal control over financial reporting includes those policies and procedures that (i) pertain
to the maintenance of records that, in reasonable detail, accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of the assets
of the Company; (ii) provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements
in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, and that receipts and expenditures of the Company are being made only in
accordance with authorizations of management and directors of the Company; and (iii) provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention
or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use, or disposition of the Company&#8217;s assets that could have a material effect
on the financial statements.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Despite
these controls, because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements.
Therefore, even those systems determined to be effective can provide only reasonable assurance of achieving their control objectives.
Furthermore, smaller reporting companies like us face additional limitations. Smaller reporting companies employ fewer individuals and
can find it difficult to employ resources for complicated transactions and effective risk management. Additionally, smaller reporting
companies tend to utilize general accounting software packages that lack a rigorous set of software controls.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">If
we fail to have effective controls and procedures for financial reporting in place, we could be unable to provide timely and accurate
financial information and be subject to investigation by the Securities and Exchange Commission and civil or criminal sanctions.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b><i>We
Do Not Intend To Pay Dividends On Our Common Stock So Any Returns Will Be Limited To The Value Of Our Stock.</i></b></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">We
have never declared or paid any cash dividends on our common stock. We currently anticipate that we will retain any future earnings for
the development, operation, and expansion of our business and do not anticipate declaring or paying any cash dividends for the foreseeable
future. Any return to stockholders will be limited to the value of their stock.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>


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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b><i>Our
common stock is subject to price volatility unrelated to our operations.</i></b></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
market price of our common stock could fluctuate substantially due to a variety of factors, including market perception of our ability
to achieve our planned growth, quarterly operating results of other companies in the same industry, trading volume in our common stock,
changes in general conditions in the economy and the financial markets or other developments affecting the Company&#8217;s competitors
or the Company itself.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b><i>A
decline in the price of our common stock could affect our ability to raise working capital and adversely impact our ability to continue
operations.</i></b></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">A
prolonged decline in the price of our common stock could result in a reduction in the liquidity of our common stock and a reduction in
our ability to raise capital. A decline in the price of our common stock could be especially detrimental to our liquidity, our operations
and strategic plans. Such reductions may force us to reallocate funds from other planned uses and may have a significant negative effect
on our business plan and operations, including our ability to develop new services and continue our current operations. If our common
stock price declines, we can offer no assurance that we will be able to raise additional capital or generate funds from operations sufficient
to meet our obligations. If we are unable to raise sufficient capital in the future, we may not be able to have the resources to continue
our normal operations.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b><i>If
we are not able to comply with the applicable continued listing requirements or standards of the Nasdaq Capital Market, Nasdaq could
delist our securities.</i></b></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">We
are listed on The Nasdaq Capital Market under the symbol &#8220;IVDA&#8221;. We also list the Warrants under the symbol &#8220;IVDAW.&#8221;
We cannot assure you that our securities will continue to be, listed on The Nasdaq Capital Market in the future. In order to maintain
that listing, we must satisfy minimum financial and other continued listing requirements and standards, including those regarding director
independence and independent committee requirements, minimum stockholders&#8217; equity, minimum share price, and certain corporate governance
requirements. We may not be able to comply with the applicable listing standards and Nasdaq could delist our securities as a result.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">We
cannot assure you that our common stock and/or Warrants, if delisted from The Nasdaq Capital Market, will be listed on another national
securities exchange. If our common stock and/or Warrants are delisted by The Nasdaq Capital Market, they would likely trade on the OTCQB
where an investor may find it more difficult to sell our securities or obtain accurate quotations as to the market value of our common
stock and/or Warrants.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b><i>Techniques
employed by short sellers may drive down the market price of the common stock.</i></b></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Short
selling is the practice of selling securities that the seller does not own but rather has borrowed from a third party with the intention
of buying identical securities back at a later date to return to the lender. The short seller hopes to profit from a decline in the value
of the securities between the sale of the borrowed securities and the purchase of the replacement shares, as the short seller expects
to pay less in that purchase than it received in the sale.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">As
it is in the short seller&#8217;s interest for the price of the security to decline, many short sellers publish, or arrange for the publication
of, negative opinions regarding the relevant issuer and its prospects to create negative market momentum and generate profits for themselves
after selling a security short. These short attacks have, in the past, led to selling of shares in the market.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">It
is not clear what effect such negative publicity could have on us. If we were to become the subject of any unfavorable allegations, whether
such allegations are proven to be true or untrue, we could have to expend significant resources to investigate such allegations and/or
defend ourselves.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in; background-color: white"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">While
we would strongly defend against any such short seller attacks, we may be constrained in the manner in which we can proceed against the
relevant short seller by principles of freedom of speech, applicable state law or issues of commercial confidentiality. Such a situation
could be costly and time-consuming, and could distract our management from growing our business. Even if such allegations are ultimately
proven to be groundless, allegations against us could severely impact our business, and any investment in the common stock could be greatly
reduced or even rendered worthless.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>


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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b><i>If
securities or industry analysts do not publish research or publish inaccurate or unfavorable research about our business, the market
price for the common stock and trading volume could decline.</i></b></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
trading market for the common stock will depend in part on the research and reports that securities or industry analysts publish about
us or our business. If research analysts do not establish and maintain adequate research coverage or if one or more of the analysts who
covers us downgrades the common stock or publishes inaccurate or unfavorable research about our business, the market price for the common
stock would likely decline. If one or more of these analysts ceases coverage of our company or fails to publish reports on us regularly,
we could lose visibility in the financial markets, which, in turn, could cause the market price or trading volume for the common stock
to decline.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b><i>Our
articles of incorporation contain anti-takeover provisions that could materially adversely affect the rights of holders of our common
stock.</i></b></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">We
have adopted an amended and restated memorandum and articles of incorporation that contain provisions to limit the ability of others
to acquire control of our company or cause us to engage in change-of-control transactions. These provisions could deprive our shareholders
of an opportunity to sell their shares at a premium over prevailing market prices by discouraging third parties from seeking to obtain
control of our company in a tender offer or similar transaction.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Our
board of directors has the authority, subject to any resolution of the shareholders to the contrary, to issue preferred shares in one
or more series and to fix their designations, powers, preferences, privileges, and relative participating, optional or special rights
and the qualifications, limitations or restrictions, including dividend rights, conversion rights, voting rights, terms of redemption
and liquidation preferences, any or all of which may be greater than the rights associated with our common stock. Preferred shares could
be issued quickly with terms calculated to delay or prevent a change in control of our company or make removal of management more difficult.
If our board of directors decides to issue preferred shares, the price of our common stock may fall and the voting and other rights of
the holders of our common stock may be materially adversely affected.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>


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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b><span id="a_003"></span>ITEM
lB &#8211; UNRESOLVED STAFF COMMENTS</b></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: left; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">None.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: left; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b><span id="a_004"></span>ITEM
1C. CYBERSECURITY.</b></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p id="xdx_98E_ecyd--CybersecurityRiskManagementProcessesForAssessingIdentifyingAndManagingThreatsTextBlock_iB_c20240101__20241231_gBFCRMPFAIAMT-BEEJOJR_zMbaEnZzpHud" class="xdx_phnt_RGlzY2xvc3VyZSAtIEN5YmVyc2VjdXJpdHkgUmlzayBNYW5hZ2VtZW50IGFuZCBTdHJhdGVneSBEaXNjbG9zdXJlAA__" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: left"><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="From2024-01-01to2024-12-31" continuedAt="ConU000046-01" escape="true" id="Fact000046" name="cyd:CybersecurityRiskManagementProcessesForAssessingIdentifyingAndManagingThreatsTextBlock"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>Cybersecurity
Risk Management and Strategy</b></span></ix:nonNumeric></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><span id="xdx_C02_gBFCRMPFAIAMT-BEEJOJR_zKH1WX5KOSI6"><ix:continuation continuedAt="ConU000046-02" id="ConU000046-01">&#160;</ix:continuation></span></span></p>

<div id="xdx_C01_gBFCRMPFAIAMT-BEEJOJR_zaBJcd2nTXC9"><ix:continuation continuedAt="ConU000046-03" id="ConU000046-02"><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">We
recognize the importance of assessing, identifying, and managing material risks associated with cybersecurity threats, as such term is
defined in Item 106(a) of Regulation S-K. These risks include, among other things: operational risks, intellectual property theft, fraud,
extortion, harm to employees or customers and violation of data privacy or security laws.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><span id="xdx_909_ecyd--CybersecurityRiskMateriallyAffectedOrReasonablyLikelyToMateriallyAffectRegistrantTextBlock_c20240101__20241231_ztd1S1g67Dy2" class="xdx_phnt_RGlzY2xvc3VyZSAtIEN5YmVyc2VjdXJpdHkgUmlzayBNYW5hZ2VtZW50IGFuZCBTdHJhdGVneSBEaXNjbG9zdXJlAA__"><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="From2024-01-01to2024-12-31" escape="true" id="Fact000047" name="cyd:CybersecurityRiskMateriallyAffectedOrReasonablyLikelyToMateriallyAffectRegistrantTextBlock">We
do <span id="xdx_905_ecyd--CybersecurityRiskMateriallyAffectedOrReasonablyLikelyToMateriallyAffectRegistrantFlag_dbF_c20240101__20241231_zbwLjuS8wqNh" class="xdx_phnt_RGlzY2xvc3VyZSAtIEN5YmVyc2VjdXJpdHkgUmlzayBNYW5hZ2VtZW50IGFuZCBTdHJhdGVneSBEaXNjbG9zdXJlAA__"><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="From2024-01-01to2024-12-31" format="ixt:booleanfalse" id="Fact000048" name="cyd:CybersecurityRiskMateriallyAffectedOrReasonablyLikelyToMateriallyAffectRegistrantFlag">no</ix:nonNumeric></span>t presently have any general processes for assessing, identifying, and managing material risks from cybersecurity threats.</ix:nonNumeric></span> <span id="xdx_900_ecyd--CybersecurityRiskManagementProcessesIntegratedTextBlock_c20240101__20241231_zohjeG1JhA7a" class="xdx_phnt_RGlzY2xvc3VyZSAtIEN5YmVyc2VjdXJpdHkgUmlzayBNYW5hZ2VtZW50IGFuZCBTdHJhdGVneSBEaXNjbG9zdXJlAA__"><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="From2024-01-01to2024-12-31" escape="true" id="Fact000049" name="cyd:CybersecurityRiskManagementProcessesIntegratedTextBlock">As we
expand our business operations, we plan to develop processes that will allow for the identification and assessment of cybersecurity risk
that will be <span id="xdx_905_ecyd--CybersecurityRiskManagementProcessesIntegratedFlag_dbT_c20240101__20241231_ze679nNaIzp6" class="xdx_phnt_RGlzY2xvc3VyZSAtIEN5YmVyc2VjdXJpdHkgUmlzayBNYW5hZ2VtZW50IGFuZCBTdHJhdGVneSBEaXNjbG9zdXJlAA__"><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="From2024-01-01to2024-12-31" format="ixt:booleantrue" id="Fact000050" name="cyd:CybersecurityRiskManagementProcessesIntegratedFlag">integrated</ix:nonNumeric></span> into an overall risk management system, which will be managed by senior management and overseen by the Board
of Directors.</ix:nonNumeric></span> As part of this development, we plan to identify and address cybersecurity risks related to our business, privacy and compliance
issues through a multi-faceted approach that is expected to include third party assessments, internal information technology (IT) audit,
IT security, governance, risk and compliance reviews. In connection with these planned approaches, and to defend, detect and respond
to cybersecurity incidents, we, among other things, will consider: conducting proactive privacy and cybersecurity reviews of systems
and applications, audits of applicable data policies, performing penetration testing using external third-party tools and techniques
to test security controls, conducting employee training, monitoring emerging laws and regulations related to data protection and information
security, and implementing appropriate changes.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">As
part of the above planned processes, we may engage external auditors and consultants with expertise in cybersecurity to assess our internal
cybersecurity programs and compliance with applicable practices and standards.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">We
plan to design our risk management program to also assesses third party risks, and we plan to perform third-party risk management to
identify and mitigate risks from <span id="xdx_900_ecyd--CybersecurityRiskManagementThirdPartyEngagedFlag_dbT_c20240101__20241231_z6O7o51omNHh" class="xdx_phnt_RGlzY2xvc3VyZSAtIEN5YmVyc2VjdXJpdHkgUmlzayBNYW5hZ2VtZW50IGFuZCBTdHJhdGVneSBEaXNjbG9zdXJlAA__"><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="From2024-01-01to2024-12-31" format="ixt:booleantrue" id="Fact000051" name="cyd:CybersecurityRiskManagementThirdPartyEngagedFlag">third parties</ix:nonNumeric></span>, such as vendors, suppliers, and other business partners associated with our use of third-party
service providers. In addition to new vendor onboarding, we plan to perform risk management during third-party cybersecurity compromise
incidents to identify and mitigate risks to us from third-party incidents.</span></p>

</ix:continuation></div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><span id="xdx_C04_gBFCRMPFAIAMT-BEEJOJR_zc6QM0D7fPI9"><ix:continuation id="ConU000046-03">&#160;</ix:continuation></span></span></p>

<p id="xdx_981_ecyd--CybersecurityRiskBoardOfDirectorsOversightTextBlock_c20240101__20241231_gBFCRBODOTB-RPC_zO55GPFhgtpl" class="xdx_phnt_RGlzY2xvc3VyZSAtIEN5YmVyc2VjdXJpdHkgUmlzayBNYW5hZ2VtZW50IGFuZCBTdHJhdGVneSBEaXNjbG9zdXJlAA__" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: left"><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="From2024-01-01to2024-12-31" continuedAt="ConU000055-01" escape="true" id="Fact000055" name="cyd:CybersecurityRiskBoardOfDirectorsOversightTextBlock"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>Cybersecurity
Governance</b></span></ix:nonNumeric></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><span id="xdx_C0B_gBFCRBODOTB-RPC_zDYF4VvGkk85"><ix:continuation continuedAt="ConU000055-02" id="ConU000055-01">&#160;</ix:continuation></span></span></p>

<div id="xdx_C0A_gBFCRBODOTB-RPC_zHca0TstxMT3"><ix:continuation continuedAt="ConU000055-03" id="ConU000055-02"><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">We
expect that cybersecurity will become an important part of our risk management processes and an area of focus for our Board of Directors
and management. <span id="xdx_901_ecyd--CybersecurityRiskBoardCommitteeOrSubcommitteeResponsibleForOversightTextBlock_c20240101__20241231_zi52hbMgphpe" class="xdx_phnt_RGlzY2xvc3VyZSAtIEN5YmVyc2VjdXJpdHkgUmlzayBNYW5hZ2VtZW50IGFuZCBTdHJhdGVneSBEaXNjbG9zdXJlAA__"><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="From2024-01-01to2024-12-31" escape="true" id="Fact000056" name="cyd:CybersecurityRiskBoardCommitteeOrSubcommitteeResponsibleForOversightTextBlock">We expect that our Board of Directors will be responsible for the oversight of risks from cybersecurity threats. We expect
our senior management will provide our Board of Directors updates on a quarterly basis regarding matters of cybersecurity.</ix:nonNumeric></span> This is expected
to include existing and new cybersecurity risks, status on how management is addressing and/or mitigating those risks, cybersecurity
and data privacy incidents (if any) and status on key information security initiatives. We expect that our Board members will also engage
in periodic conversations with management on cybersecurity-related news events and discuss any updates to our cybersecurity risk management
and strategy programs.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><span id="xdx_901_ecyd--CybersecurityRiskManagementPositionsOrCommitteesResponsibleReportToBoardFlag_dbT_c20240101__20241231_z3aWZd4oZdTl" class="xdx_phnt_RGlzY2xvc3VyZSAtIEN5YmVyc2VjdXJpdHkgUmlzayBNYW5hZ2VtZW50IGFuZCBTdHJhdGVneSBEaXNjbG9zdXJlAA__"><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="From2024-01-01to2024-12-31" format="ixt:booleantrue" id="Fact000057" name="cyd:CybersecurityRiskManagementPositionsOrCommitteesResponsibleReportToBoardFlag">Currently,
our Chief Financial Officer is expected to lead our cybersecurity risk assessment and management processes and oversees their implementation
and maintenance.</ix:nonNumeric></span> Our Chief Financial Officer will be tasked with staying informed about, and monitoring the prevention, mitigation, detection
and remediation of cybersecurity incidents through his management of, and participation in, the cybersecurity risk management and strategy
processes we plan to develop and as described above, including the operation of an incident response plan, and report to the Board of
Directors on any appropriate items.</span></p>

</ix:continuation></div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><span id="xdx_C0F_gBFCRBODOTB-RPC_zeWrjx9M7fI1"><ix:continuation id="ConU000055-03">&#160;</ix:continuation></span></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b><span id="a_005"></span>ITEM
2 &#8211; PROPERTIES</b></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">We
currently rent for our principal executive offices approximately 3,000 square feet until February 2025 for approximately $6,000 per
month. In February 2025 we have renewed our lease for an additional five years under similar terms and conditions. We believe that
our current office space is adequate for the foreseeable future.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Iveda
Taiwan leases  its principal executive offices in Taiwan, comprised of three suites totaling approximately 4,567 square feet. Iveda
Taiwan pays an aggregate of approximately $3,147 per month under the terms of the three leases, which expire on June 30, 2025, September
15, 2025 and September 11, 2025.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b><span id="a_006"></span>ITEM
3 &#8211; LEGAL PROCEEDINGS</b></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">From
time to time we may become involved in various legal proceedings that arise in the ordinary course of business, including actions related
to our intellectual property. Although the outcomes of these legal proceedings cannot be predicted with certainty, we are currently not
aware of any such legal proceedings or claims that we believe, either individually or in the aggregate, will have a material adverse
effect on our business, financial condition, or results of operations.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b><span id="a_007"></span>ITEM
4 &#8211; MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURES</b></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Not
applicable.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>


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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b><span id="a_008"></span>PART
II</b></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b><span id="a_009"></span>ITEM
5 &#8211; MARKET FOR REGISTRANT&#8217;S COMMON EQUITY, RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS AND ISSUER PURCHASES OF EQUITY SECURITIES</b></span></p>

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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>Market
Information</b></span></p>

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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Our
common stock is listed on The Nasdaq Capital Market under the symbol &#8220;IVDA&#8221; since April 1, 2022. Set forth in the table below
is information with respect to the high and low bid quotations of our common stock for the periods indicated as reported by NASDAQ and
the OTC Markets. The quotations represent inter-dealer prices without retail mark-ups, mark-downs, or commissions and may not necessarily
represent actual transactions.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">See
the High and Low Bid data below:</span></p>

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<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%">
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold">Fiscal Year 2024</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold">&#160;</td>
    <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center">High Bid</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold">&#160;</td>
    <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center">Low Bid</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="width: 68%; text-align: left">First Quarter</td><td style="width: 2%">&#160;</td>
    <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left">$</td><td style="width: 12%; text-align: right">2.91</td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="width: 2%">&#160;</td>
    <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left">$</td><td style="width: 12%; text-align: right">0.57</td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="text-align: left">Second Quarter</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">$</td><td style="text-align: right">1.90</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">$</td><td style="text-align: right">1.04</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="text-align: left">Third Quarter</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">$</td><td style="text-align: right">1.15</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">$</td><td style="text-align: right">0.74</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="text-align: left">Fourth Quarter</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">$</td><td style="text-align: right">8.05</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">$</td><td style="text-align: right">1.27</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  </table>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%">
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold">Fiscal Year 2023</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold">&#160;</td>
    <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center">High Bid</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold">&#160;</td>
    <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center">Low Bid</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="width: 68%; text-align: left">First Quarter</td><td style="width: 2%">&#160;</td>
    <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left">$</td><td style="width: 12%; text-align: right">10.16</td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="width: 2%">&#160;</td>
    <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left">$</td><td style="width: 12%; text-align: right">4.40</td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="text-align: left">Second Quarter</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">$</td><td style="text-align: right">7.60</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">$</td><td style="text-align: right">3.60</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="text-align: left">Third Quarter</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">$</td><td style="text-align: right">4,56</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">$</td><td style="text-align: right">1.51</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="text-align: left">Fourth Quarter</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">$</td><td style="text-align: right">7.60</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">$</td><td style="text-align: right">4.56</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  </table>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">As
of December 31, 2024, we had 2,808,071 shares of our Common Stock, par value $0.00001, issued and outstanding. There were approximately
25,000 beneficial owners of our Common Stock.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">There
is limited trading activity in our securities, and there can be no assurance that a regular trading market for our common stock will
be sustained.</span></p>

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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>Security
Holders</b></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">As
of December 31, 2024, we had 2,808,071 shares of our common stock outstanding held by 96 shareholders of record, 0 shares of our Series
A Preferred Stock outstanding and 0 shares of our series B Preferred Stock.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>Dividend
Policy</b></span></p>

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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">We
have never paid a cash dividend on our common stock. We currently intend to retain all earnings, if any, to finance the growth and development
of our business. We do not anticipate paying any cash dividends in the foreseeable future.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>Equity
Compensation Plans</b></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">For
equity compensation plans information refer to Item 12 of Part III of this Annual Report on Form 10-K.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>


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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left; margin: 0pt 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>Recent
Sales of Unregistered Securities</b></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Set
forth below are the sales of all securities by the Company within the past three years which were not registered under the Securities
Act. The Company believes that each of such issuances was exempt from registration under the Securities Act in reliance on Section 4(a)(2)
of the Securities Act and/or Regulation S under the Securities Act.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Between
January 1, 2022 and December 31, 2022 the Company issued 8,215 shares of common stock to warrant holders upon exercise of $23,000 in
proceeds.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Between
January 1, 2023 and December 31, 2023 the Company issued 19,656 shares of restricted common stock for services valued at $138,547.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">On September 6, 2024, the Company
agreed to sell and issue to investors unregistered Series A Common Stock Purchase Warrants (the &#8220;Series A Warrants&#8221;) to purchase
up to 5,000,000 shares of Common Stock and unregistered Series B Common Stock Purchase Warrants (the &#8220;Series B Warrants,&#8221;
and collectively with the Series A Warrants, the &#8220;Common Warrants&#8221;) to purchase up to 5,000,000 shares of Common Stock. The
Common Warrants will be exercisable on the effective date the Company obtains stockholder approval (the &#8220;Stockholder Approval&#8221;)
of the issuance of the shares underlying the exercise of the Common Warrants (the &#8220;Common Warrant Shares&#8221;), at an exercise
price of $0.43 per share. The Series A Warrants will expire five years following the Stockholder Approval and the Series B Warrants will
expire 18 months following the Stockholder Approval.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Between
January 1, 2024 and December 31, 2024 the Company issued 12,500 shares of restricted common stock for services valued at $90,000.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">All
of the securities referred to, above, were issued without registration under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the &#8220;Securities
Act&#8221;) in reliance on the exemptions provided by Section 4(a)(2) of the Securities Act as provided in Rule 506(b) of Regulation
D promulgated thereunder.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left; margin: 0pt 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b><span id="a_0010"></span>ITEM
6 &#8211; SELECTED FINANCIAL DATA</b></span></p>

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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Not
applicable.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b><span id="a_0011"></span>ITEM
7 &#8211; MANAGEMENT&#8217;S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS</b></span></p>

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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left; margin: 0pt 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>Overview</b></span></p>

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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Iveda
has been offering real-time IP video surveillance technologies to our customers since 2005. While we still offer video surveillance technologies,
our core product line has evolved to include AI intelligent search technology that provide true intelligence to any video surveillance
system and IoT (Internet of Things) devices and platforms. Our evolution is in response to digital transformation demands from many cities
and organizations across the globe. Our IvedaAI intelligent video search technology adds critical intelligence to normally passive video
surveillance systems. IvedaAI provides AI functions to any IP camera and most popular network video recorders (NVR) and video management
systems (VMS). IvedaAI comes with an appliance or server, preconfigured with multiple AI functions based on the end user requirements.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">AI
Functions</span></p>

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<table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
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    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
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    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
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    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
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    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
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    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
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  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#9679;</td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Intrusion Detection</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#9679;</td>
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  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
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    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#9679;</td>
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  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
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  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
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    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
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    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
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    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#9679;</td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">QR and Barcode Detection</span></td></tr>
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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>


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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Key
Features</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
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    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Live Camera
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  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
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    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
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    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#9679;</td>
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  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#9679;</td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Vehicle/Person Loitering
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    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#9679;</td>
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    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
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    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#9679;</td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Illegal Parking Detection</span></td></tr>
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    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#9679;</td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Heatmap Generation</span></td></tr>
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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">IvedaAI
consists of deep-learning video analytics software running in a computer/server environment that can either be deployed at an edge level
or data center for centralized cloud model. We combined hardware and artificial intelligence software for fast and efficient video search
for objects stored in an external (NVR) or storage device and live streaming video data from any IP camera.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">IvedaAI
works with any ONVIF-compliant IP cameras and most popular NVR/VMS (Video Management System) platforms, enabling accurate search across
dozens to thousands of cameras in less than 1 second. IvedaAI products are designed to maximize efficiency, save time, and cut cost.
Instead of watching hours of video recording after-the-fact, users can set up alerts.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Iveda
offers many IoT sensors and devices for various applications such as energy management, smart home, smart building, smart community and
patient/elder care. Our gateway and station serve as the main hub for sensors and devices in any given area. They are equipped with high-level
communication protocols such as Zigbee, WiFi, Bluetooth, and USB. They connect to the Internet via Ethernet or cellular data network.
We provide IoT platforms that enable centralized device management and push digital services on a massive scale. Our smart devices include
water sensor, environment sensor, entry sensor, smart plug, siren, body temperature pad, care watch and tracking devices.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">We
also offer smart power technology for office buildings, schools, shopping centers, hotels, hospitals, and smart city projects. Our smart
power hardware is equipped with an RS485 communication interface allowing the meters to be connected to various third-party SCADA software
for monitoring and control purposes. This line of product includes smart power, water meter, smart lighting controls systems, and smart
payment system.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Iveda&#8217;s
Cerebro manages all the components of our smart power technology including statistics on energy consumption. Cerebro is a software platform
designed to integrate multiple unconnected energy, security and safety applications and devices and control them through one comprehensive
user interface.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Cerebro&#8217;s
roadmap includes dashboard for all of Iveda&#8217;s platforms for central management of all devices. Cerebro is system agnostic and will
support cross-platform interoperability. The common unified user interface will allow remote control of platforms, sensors and subsystems
throughout an entire environment. This integration and unification of all subsystems enable acquisition and analysis of all information
on one central command center, allowing comprehensive, effective, and overall management and protection of a city.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Iveda&#8217;s
Utilus smart pole technology is a smart power management and wireless mesh communications network deployed on new or existing light pole
structures. The Utilus network uses WiFi, 4G and 5G small cell capabilities, and other wireless protocols to provide distributed video
surveillance with AI video search technology and remote management of local devices such as trackers, water meters, electrical meters,
valves, circuit breakers and sensors.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">In
the last few years, the smart city concept has been a hot topic among cities across the globe. With little to no human interaction, technology
increases efficiency, expedites decision making, and reduces response time. Dwindling public safety budgets and resources has necessitated
the transformation. More and more municipalities are using next-generation technologies to improve the safety and security of its citizens.
Our response is our complete suite of IoT technologies, including AI intelligent video search technology, smart sensors, tracking devices,
video surveillance systems, and smart power.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">We
will license our  CEREBRO platform and sell IoT hardware to service providers such as telecommunications companies, integrators and
other technology resellers already providing services to an existing customer base. Partnering with service providers that have an
existing loyal customer base allows us to focus on servicing just a handful of our partners and concentrating on our technology
offering. Service providers leverage their end-user infrastructure to sell, bill, and provide customer service for Iveda&#8217;s
product offering. This business model provides dual revenue streams &#8211; one from hardware sales and the other from monthly
licensing fees.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>


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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Iveda
Taiwan, our subsidiary in Taiwan, specializes in deploying new, and integrating existing, video surveillance systems for airports, commercial
buildings, government customers, data centers, shopping centers, hotels, banks, and Safe City. Iveda Taiwan combines security surveillance
products, software, and services to provide integrated security solutions to the end user. Through Iveda Taiwan, we have access not only
to Asian markets but also to Asian manufacturers and engineering expertise. Iveda Taiwan is our research and development arm, working
with a team of developers in Taiwan.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">In
April 2011, we completed our acquisition of Iveda Taiwan, a company founded in 1998 by a group of sales and research and development
professionals from Taiwan Panasonic Company. Iveda Taiwan, our subsidiary in Taiwan, specializes in deploying new, and integrating existing,
video surveillance systems for airports, commercial buildings, government customers, data centers, shopping centers, hotels, banks, and
Safe City initiatives in Taiwan and other neighboring countries. Iveda Taiwan combines security surveillance products, software, and
services to provide integrated security solutions to the end user. Through Iveda Taiwan, we have access not only to Asian markets but
also to Asian manufacturers and engineering expertise. Iveda Taiwan is our research and development arm, working with a team of developers
and managing our relationship with the Industrial Technology Research Institute (&#8220;ITRI&#8221;) in Taiwan. Iveda Taiwan also houses
the application engineering team that supports Sentir implementation for our service provider customers in Asia. The Company depends
on Iveda Taiwan as the majority of the company&#8217;s revenues have come from Iveda Taiwan since we acquired them in April 2011. For
the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, Iveda Taiwan&#8217;s operations accounted for 93% and 71% of our total revenue, respectively.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
acquisition of Iveda Taiwan provided the following benefits to our business:</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in">&#9679;</td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">An established
    presence and credibility in Asia and access to the Asian market.</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#9679;</td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Relationships in Asia for
    cost-effective research and development of new product offerings and securing the best pricing for end user devices.</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#9679;</td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Sourcing of products directly
    using Iveda Taiwan&#8217;s product sourcing expertise to enhance our custom integration capabilities.</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#9679;</td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Enhancements to the global
    distribution potential for our products and services.</span></td></tr>
  </table>
<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">In
November 2012, we signed a cooperation agreement with ITRI, a research and development organization based in Taiwan. Together with ITRI,
we have developed cloud-video services. Pursuant to the cooperation agreement, we licensed, through our subsidiary, Sole-Vision Technologies,
Inc., the right to use U.S. Patent No. 8,719,442 (as well as its Taiwanese and Chinese counterparts) with respect to the development
of cloud-video technologies.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">In
June and August 2014, in collaboration with our local partner in the Philippines, we shipped our ZEE cloud plug-and-play cameras for
delivery to the Philippine Long Distance Telephone Company (&#8220;PLDT&#8221;) for distribution to its customers with a cloud video
surveillance service offering, utilizing our Sentir platform.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left; margin: 0pt 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>New
Accounting Standards</b></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">See Financial Statement Footnotes for discussion.</span></p>

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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b><i>Results
of Operations for the Year Ended December 31, 2024 Compared with the Year Ended December 31, 2023</i></b></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: left; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b><i>Net
Revenue</i></b></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">We
recorded net consolidated revenue of $6.0 million for the year ended December 31, 2024, compared with $6.5 million for the year ended
December 31, 2023, a decrease of ($0.5) million, or (7%). For the year ended December 31, 2024, our service revenue was $0.43 million,
or 7% of net revenue, and our equipment sales and installation revenue was $5.6 million, or 93% of net revenue. In fiscal 2023, our service
revenue was $0.44 million, or 7% of consolidated net revenue, and our equipment sales and installation revenue was $6.1 million, or 93%
of net revenue. The decrease in total revenue in 2024 compared with the same period in fiscal 2023 is attributable primarily to decreased
equipment sales from Iveda Taiwan as a result of delays of long-term contracts awarded and started during 2024.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Revenue
for the US operations were $0.9 million for the year ended December 31, 2024, compared with $0.9 million for the year ended December
31, 2023, a slight increase of 2%.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Revenue
for the Taiwan operations were $5.2 million for the year ended December 31, 2024, compared with $5.6 million for the year ended December
31, 2023, a decrease of ($0.5) million, or (9%). This decrease in revenue in 2024 compared with 2023 is due primarily to timing of completion
of large projects at year end.</span></p>
<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: left; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b><i>Cost
of Revenue</i></b></span></p>

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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Total
cost of revenue was $4.7 million (78% of revenue; gross margin of 22%) for the year ended December 31, 2024, compared with $5.4 million
(84% of revenue; 16% gross margin) for the year ended December 31, 2023, a decrease of $0.7 million, or 54%. The decrease in cost of
revenue was primarily driven by decreased Iveda Taiwan revenue. The increase in overall gross margin was also primarily attributed to
higher margin sales to smaller customers within Iveda Taiwan revenue and higher margin service revenue maintaining during 2024.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Cost
of revenue for the US operations were $0.6 million for the year ended December 31, 2024, compared with $0.9 million for the year ended
December 31, 2023, a decrease of $0.3 million, or 33%. This net decrease in cost of revenue in 2024 compared with 2023 is due primarily
related to an increase in sales to our distribution partners in the US with better margins than prior year revenue.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Cost
of revenue for the Taiwan operations were $4.1 million for the year ended December 31, 2024, compared with $4.5 million for the year
ended December 31, 2023, the decrease in cost of revenue was related to the decrease in revenue and the margins remained consistent.</span></p>
<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b><i>Operating
Expenses</i></b></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Operating
expenses for the consolidated operations were $5.4 million for the year ended December 31, 2024, compared with $5.1 million for the
year ended December 31, 2023, an increase of $0.3 million, or 5%. This net increase in operating expenses in 2024 compared with 2023
is due primarily related to </span>increases in marketing and public company related expenses including audit cost increases
related to changing auditors.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">Operating expenses for the US
operations were $4.3 million for the year ended December 31, 2024, compared with $4.1 million for the year ended December 31, 2023, an
increase of $0.2 million, or 5%. This net increase in operating expenses in 2024 compared with 2023 is due primarily related to a increases
in marketing and public company related expenses including audit cost increases related to changing auditors.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">Operating expenses for the Taiwan
operations were $1.0 million for the year ended December 31, 2024, compared with $1.0 million for the year ended December 31, 2023, there
were no significant fluctuations in the Taiwan operating expenses in 2024 compared with 2023.</p>

<p style="margin: 0"></p>

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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b><i>Loss
from Operations</i></b></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Consolidated Loss from operations increased to $4.1 million for the year ended December 31, 2024, compared with $4.0 million for the year
ended December 31, 2023, an increase of $0.1 million, or 2%. A majority of the increase in loss from operations was primarily due to
a minimal increase in operating expenses offset by increased gross margins.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">US
loss from operations decreased to $4.1 million for the year ended December 31, 2024, compared with $4.2 million for the year ended December
31, 2023, a decrease of $0.1 million, or 2%.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Iveda
Taiwan income from operations decreased to $0.03 million for the year ended December 31, 2024, compared with $0.14 million for the year
ended December 31, 2023, a decrease of $0.11 million, or 77%. A majority of the decrease in income from operations was primarily due
to a reduction in revenue of $0.5 million for 2024.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b><i>Other
Income (Expense)-Net</i></b></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Other income (expense)-net was $0.12 million other income for the year
ended December 31, 2024, compared with ($0.08) million other expense for the year ended December 31, 2023. The majority of the other income
in 2024 is interest income from cash balances and 2023 income was offset by the $0.18 loss from investment in Iveda Phils JV.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b><i>Net
Loss </i></b></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Net
loss was $4.0 million for the year ended December 31, 2024, compared with $4.1 million for the year ended December 31, 2023. The
consistent amount in net loss was caused primarily from the offsetting effects of increased operating expenses and increased gross
margins.</span></p>

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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>Liquidity
and Capital Resources</b></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">As
of December 31, 2024, we had cash and cash equivalents of $1.6 million in our U.S.-based segment and $1.0 million in our Taiwan-based
segment, compared to $2.9 million in our U.S.-based segment and $1.8 million in our Taiwan-based segment as of December 31, 2023. This
decrease in our cash and cash equivalents is primarily a result of the cash used in operating activities of $4.4 million during the year
ended December 31, 2024. There are no legal or economic factors that materially impact our ability to transfer funds between our U.S.-based
and Taiwan-based segments.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Net
cash used in operating activities during the year ended December 31, 2024 was $4.4 million compared to $3.3 million net cash used during
the year ended December 31, 2023. Net cash used in operating activities for the year ended December 31, 2024 consisted primarily of the
$4.0 million net loss including $0.2 million of non-cash charges (primarily stock option compensation and common stock issued for investor
relations services), $0.5 million deferred cost of goods sold, $0.3 million of Taiwan vendor deposits, prepaids and advances to suppliers
and $0.4 million net increase of accounts payable and accrued operating expenses. Net cash used in operating activities for the year
ended December 31, 2023 consisted primarily of the $4.1 million net loss including $0.3 million of non-cash charges (primarily stock
option compensation and common stock issued for investor relations services), $0.1 million of Taiwan vendor deposits, prepaids and advances
to suppliers and $0.6 million net payments for accounts payable and accrued operating and interest expenses with an offsetting $0.8 million
collection of accounts receivable</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Net
cash used in investing activities for the year ended December 31, 2024 was minimal. Net cash used by investing activities during the
year ended December 31, 2023 was $0.30 million.</span></p>

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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Net
cash provided by financing activities for the year ended December 31, 2024 was $2.3 million compared with $1.0 million provided during
the year ended December 31, 2023. Net cash provided by financing activities in 2024 is primarily a result of the $1.7 million net direct
offering of Common Stock and Pre-Funded warrants at $3.44 per share. Net cash provided by financing activities in 2023 is primarily a
result of the $1.3 million issuance of Common Stock from the exercise of warrants issued during the August 2022 offering at $11.20.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">We
have experienced significant operating losses since our inception. At December 31, 2024, we had approximately $35 million in net operating
loss carryforwards available for federal income tax purposes, which will begin to expire in 2025. We did not recognize any benefit from
the federal net operating loss carryforwards in 2024 or 2023. We also had approximately $5.0 million in state net operating loss carryforwards,
which expire after five years.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">We
have limited liquidity and have not yet established a stabilized source of revenue sufficient to cover operating costs, based on our
current estimated burn rate. Accordingly, our continuation as a going concern is dependent upon our ability to generate greater revenue
through increased sales and/or our ability to raise additional funds through the capital markets. No assurance can be given that we will
be successful in future financing and revenue-generating efforts. Even if funding is available, we cannot assure investors that it will
be available on terms that are favorable to our existing stockholders. Additional funding may be achieved through the issuance of equity
or debt securities that could be significantly dilutive to the percentage ownership of our existing stockholders. In addition, these
newly issued securities may have rights, preferences, or privileges senior to those of our existing stockholders. Accordingly, such a
financing transaction could materially and adversely impact the price of our common stock.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Substantially
all of our cash is deposited in three financial institutions, two in the United States and one in Taiwan. At times, amounts on deposit
in the United States may be in excess of the FDIC insurance limit. Deposits in Taiwan financial institutions are insured by CDIC (&#8220;Central
Deposit Insurance Corporation&#8221;) with maximum coverage of NTD 3 million. At times, amounts on deposit in Taiwan may be in excess
of the CDIC insurance limit.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Our
accounts receivable are unsecured, and we are at risk to the extent such amounts become uncollectible. Although we perform periodic evaluations
of our customers&#8217; credit and financial condition, we generally do not require collateral in exchange for our products and services
provided on credit.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">We
provide an allowance for doubtful collections, which is based upon a review of outstanding receivables, historical collection information,
and existing economic conditions. Payment terms for our U.S.-based segment require a deposit with the order and 15 days after they are shipped. For our U.S.-based segment, accounts receivable
that are more than 120 days past due are considered delinquent. Payment terms for our Taiwan-based segment vary based on our agreements
with our customers. Generally, we receive payment for our products and services within one year of commencing the project, except that
we retain 5% of the total payment amount and release such amount one year after the completion of the project. For our U.S.-based segment,
we had no doubtful accounts receivable allowances for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively. For our Taiwan-based
segment, we set up no doubtful accounts receivable allowances for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively. We deem our
accounts receivable to be collectible based on certain factors, including the nature of the customer contracts and past experience with
similar customers. Delinquent receivables are written off based on individual credit valuation and specific circumstances of the customer,
and we generally do not charge interest on past due receivables.</span></p>

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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left; margin: 0pt 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>Effects
of Inflation</b></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">For
the periods for which financial information is presented, we do not believe that the current levels of inflation in the United States
have had a significant impact on our operations. Likewise, we do not believe that the current levels of inflation in Taiwan have had
a significant impact on the operations of Iveda Taiwan.</span></p>

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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left; margin: 0pt 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>Off
Balance Sheet Arrangements</b></span></p>

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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">We
do not have any relationships with unconsolidated entities or financial partnerships, such as entities often referred to as structured
finance or special purpose entities, which would have been established for the purpose of facilitating off-balance sheet arrangements
or other contractually narrow or limited purposes. In addition, we do not have any undisclosed borrowings or debt, and we have not entered
into any synthetic leases. We are, therefore, not materially exposed to any financing, liquidity, market, or credit risk that could arise
if we had engaged in such relationships.</span></p>

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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left; margin: 0pt 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>Critical
Accounting Policies</b></span><b> and Estimates</b></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">We
have identified the policies below as critical to our business operations and the understanding of our results of operations. The impact
on our business operations and any associated risks related to these policies are discussed throughout Management&#8217;s Discussion
and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations when such policies affect our reported or expected financial results.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">In
the ordinary course of business, we have made a number of estimates and assumptions relating to the reporting of results of operations
and financial condition in the preparation of our financial statements in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in
the United States (&#8220;GAAP&#8221;). We base our estimates on historical experience and on various other assumptions that we believe
are reasonable under the circumstances. The results form the basis for making judgments about the carrying values of assets and liabilities
that are not readily apparent from other sources. Actual results could differ significantly from those estimates under different assumptions
and conditions. We believe that the following discussion addresses our most critical accounting policies, which are those that are most
important to the portrayal of our financial condition and results of operations and require our most difficult, subjective, and complex
judgments, often as a result of the need to make estimates about the effect of matters that are inherently uncertain.</span></p>

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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
material estimates for our company are that of the stock-based compensation recorded for options and warrants issued and the income tax
valuation allowance recorded for deferred tax assets. The fair values of options and warrants are determined using the Black-Scholes
option pricing model. We have no historical data on the accuracy of these estimates. The estimated sensitivity to change is related to
the various variables of the Black-Scholes option pricing model stated below. The specific quantitative variables are included in the
notes to the financial statements. The estimated fair value of options and warrants is recognized as expense on the straight-line basis
over the options&#8217; and warrants&#8217; vesting periods. The fair value of each option and warrant granted is estimated on the date
of grant using the Black-Scholes option pricing model with the expected life, dividend yield, expected volatility, and risk-free interest
rate weighted-average assumptions used for options and warrants granted. Expected volatility for 2014 and 2013 was estimated using the
Dow Jones U.S. Industry indexes sector classification methodology for industries similar to that in which we operate. The risk-free rate
for periods within the contractual life of the option and warrant is based on the U.S. Treasury yield curve in effect at the grant date.
The expected life of options and warrants is based on the average of three public companies offering services similar to ours.</span></p>

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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b><i>Impairment
of Long-Lived Assets</i></b></span></p>

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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">We
have a relatively minimal amount of property and equipment, consisting primarily of office equipment. We review the recoverability of
the carrying value of long-lived assets using the methodology prescribed in ASC 360 &#8220;Property, Plant and Equipment.&#8221; We review
our long-lived assets for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of an asset or asset
group may not be recoverable. Recoverability of long-lived assets to be held and used is measured by a comparison of the carrying amount
of an asset to the undiscounted future net operating cash flows expected to be generated by the asset. If such assets are considered
to be impaired, the impairment to be recognized is measured as the amount by which the carrying value of the assets exceeds their fair
value. We did not make any impairment for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b><i>Revenue
and Expense Recognition</i></b></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">We
recognize revenue when (1) persuasive evidence of an arrangement exists, (2) title transfer has occurred, (3) the price is fixed or readily
determinable, and (4) collectability is reasonably assured. We recognize revenue in accordance with ASC 60, &#8220;Revenue Recognition.&#8221;
Sales are recorded net of sales returns and discounts, which are estimated at the time of shipment based upon historical data. Revenue
from monitoring services are recognized when the services are provided. Expenses are recognized as incurred.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Revenue
for product and software sales without installation is recorded when the product and/or software has been shipped to the customer. Revenue
from fixed-price equipment installation contracts is recognized as the contracts allow for invoicing at various milestones.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">General
and administrative costs are charged to expense as incurred. Provisions for estimated losses on uncompleted contracts are made in the
period in which such losses are determined. Changes in job performance, job conditions, and estimated profitability may result in revisions
to costs and income and are recognized in the period in which the revisions are determined. Changes in estimated job profitability resulting
from job performance, job conditions, contract penalty provisions, claims, change orders, and settlements are accounted for as changes
in estimates in the current period. Profit incentives are included in revenue when their realization is deemed earned by the contract.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b><i>Stock-Based
Compensation</i></b></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">On
January 1, 2006, we adopted the fair value recognition provisions of ASC 718, &#8220;Share-Based Payment,&#8221; which requires the recognition
of an expense related to the fair value of stock-based compensation awards. We elected the modified prospective transition method as
permitted by ASC 718. Under this transition method, stock-based compensation expense for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023 includes
compensation expense for stock-based compensation granted on or after the date ASC 718 was adopted based on the grant-date fair value
estimated in accordance with the provisions of ASC 718. We recognize compensation expense on a straight-line basis over the requisite
service period of the award. The fair value of stock-based compensation awards granted prior to, but not yet vested as of December 31,
2024 and 2023, was estimated using the &#8220;minimum value method&#8221; as prescribed by the original provisions of ASC 718, &#8220;Accounting
for Stock-Based Compensation&#8221; and therefore, no compensation expense was recognized for these awards in accordance with ASC 718.
We recognized $122,600 and $104,600 of stock-based compensation expense for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively.</span></p>

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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b><span id="a_0012"></span>ITEM
7A &#8211; QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK</b></span></p>

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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">We
are a smaller reporting company as defined by Item 10(f) of Regulation S-K and are not required to provide the information otherwise
required under this item.</span></p>

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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b><span id="a_0013"></span>ITEM
8 &#8211; FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND SUPPLEMENTARY DATA</b></span></p>

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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Reference
is made to our consolidated financial statements, the notes thereto, and the report thereon, commencing on page F-1 of this Annual Report
on Form 10-K, which consolidated financial statements, notes, and report are incorporated herein by reference.</span></p>

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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in; background-color: white"><b>Restatement
impact of previously issued unaudited quarterly financial statements</b></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; display: none; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b></b></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in; background-color: white"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
impact of the restatement on the Financial Statements for December 31, 2023 also affects the 2023 and 2024 quarterly reports (10-Qs)
presentation. We have presented the following tables which represent the restated values for the balance sheets, statements of operations,
statements of stockholders&#8217; equity and statements of cash flows for the 2023 and 2024 10-Q Financial Statements. The detailed impacts
are as follows:</span></p>

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<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 6pt; width: 100%"><tr style="vertical-align: top; text-align: justify">
<td style="width: 15pt; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">[1]</span></td><td style="width: 5pt"/><td style="text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The Deferred Tax
asset of $146,560 recorded at December 31, 2022 was no longer a valid tax difference. The amount was recorded as an adjustment to accumulated
deficit at December 31, 2022.</span></td>
</tr></table>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 6pt; width: 100%"><tr style="vertical-align: top; text-align: justify">
<td style="width: 15pt; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">[2]</span></td><td style="width: 5pt"/><td style="text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The intercompany amount
                                                                                                                                                                due to Iveda Taiwan at December 31, 2022 was understated by $200,000 related to a payment made on behalf of Iveda US by Iveda
                                                                                                                                                                Taiwan.</span></td>
</tr></table>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; width: 100%"><tr style="vertical-align: top; text-align: justify">
<td style="width: 15pt; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">[3]</span></td><td style="width: 5pt"/><td style="text-align: justify"><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">An
adjustment to expense research and development expenses for all quarterly reports for 2023 and 2024 that were initially capitalized.</span></p>
<span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"></span></td>
</tr></table>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 6pt; width: 100%"><tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top; text-align: justify">
<td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 15pt; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">[4]</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 5pt"/><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Adjustments
                                            related to correction of the accounting for the investment in Iveda Phils JV which was initially
                                            recorded as a consolidation. This effected cash, account&#160; and other payables, Joint
                                            Venture Non-Controlled Equity Portion, Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) and
                                            accumulated deficit.</span></td>
</tr></table>



<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>&#160;</b></span></p>


<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>SCHEDULE
OF RESTATEMENTS (UNAUDITED)</b></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>&#160;</b></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>The
following table presents the effect of the restatements of the Company&#8217;s previously issued balance sheet:</b></span></p>

<div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt"></p>

<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%">
  <tr style="display: none; vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="text-align: center">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: center; padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
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  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
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    <td style="text-align: center">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: center; padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
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    <td colspan="2">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
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  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%">
  <tr style="display: none; vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="text-align: center">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: center; padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
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  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
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  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
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  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
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  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
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  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
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  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
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    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">(242,567</td><td style="text-align: left">)</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">79</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;<sup>[4]</sup></td><td>&#160;</td>
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  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
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  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
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  </table>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%">
  <tr style="display: none; vertical-align: bottom">
    <td>&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: center">As Previously Reported</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
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  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
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  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
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  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
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  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"></span></p>

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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>The
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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>&#160;</b></span></p>

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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"></span></p>

<table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"></span></p>

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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>The
following table presents the effect of the restatements of the Company&#8217;s previously issued statement of stockholders equity</b></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>&#160;</b></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"></span></p>

<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%">
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: center">Accumulated Deficit</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: center">Total Stockholders&#8217; Equity</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
    <td>&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td colspan="2">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
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  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="width: 58%">Balance, March 31, 2023 as previously reported</td><td style="width: 2%">&#160;</td>
    <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left">$</td><td style="width: 14%; text-align: right">(45,256,934</td><td style="width: 5%; text-align: left">)</td><td style="width: 2%">&#160;</td>
    <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left">$</td><td style="width: 16%; text-align: right">8,341,698</td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td>Prior Period Adjustments [1] [2]</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">(346,560</td><td style="text-align: left">)&#160;<sup>[1][2]</sup></td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">(346,560</td><td style="text-align: left">)</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1pt">Capitalized Software expensed to Research and Development</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right">(170,785</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">)&#160;<sup>[3]</sup></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right">(170,785</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">)</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">Balance, March 31, 2023 as restated</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"/><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right">(45,774,279</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">)</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"/><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right">7,824,353</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td>&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td>Balance, June 30, 2023 as previously reported</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left"/><td style="text-align: right">(46,014,306</td><td style="text-align: left">)</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left"/><td style="text-align: right">7,540,809</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td>Prior Period Adjustments [1] [2]</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left"/><td style="text-align: right">(346,560</td><td style="text-align: left">)&#160;<sup>[1][2]</sup></td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left"/><td style="text-align: right">(346,560</td><td style="text-align: left">)</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="text-align: left">Capitalized Software expensed to Research and Development</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">(355,753</td><td style="white-space: nowrap; text-align: left">)&#160;<sup>[3]</sup></td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">(355,753</td><td style="text-align: left">)</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1pt">Iveda Portion of JV Loss not consolidated</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right">39,978</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">&#160;<sup>[4]</sup></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right">100,024</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">Balance, June 30, 2023 as restated</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"/><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right">(46,676,641</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">)</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"/><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right">6,938,520</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td>&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td>Balance, September 30, 2023 as previously reported</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left"/><td style="text-align: right">(46,843,124</td><td style="text-align: left">)</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left"/><td style="text-align: right">6,680,020</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td>Prior Period Adjustments [1] [2]</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">(346,560</td><td style="text-align: left">)&#160;<sup>[1][2]</sup></td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">(346,560</td><td style="text-align: left">)</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="text-align: left">Capitalized Software expensed to Research and Development</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">(546,402</td><td style="text-align: left">)&#160;<sup>[3]</sup></td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">(546,402</td><td style="text-align: left">)</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1pt">Iveda Portion of JV Loss not consolidated</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right">55,590</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">&#160;<sup>[4]</sup></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right">139,148</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">Balance, September 30, 2023 as restated</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"/><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right">(47,680,496</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">)</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"/><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right">5,926,206</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  </table>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>The
following table presents the effect of the restatements of the Company&#8217;s previously issued statement of cashflows: </b></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>&#160;</b></span></p>

<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%">
  <tr style="display: none; vertical-align: bottom">
    <td>&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: center">As Previously Reported</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: center">Adjustments</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: center">As Restated</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td></tr>
<tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
    <td>&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td colspan="10" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: center">for the three months ended March 31, 2023</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
    <td>&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: center">As Previously Reported</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: center">Adjustments</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
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  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="width: 46%; text-align: left">Net Loss</td><td style="width: 2%">&#160;</td>
    <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left">$</td><td style="width: 14%; text-align: right">(550,263</td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left">)</td><td style="width: 2%">&#160;</td>
    <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left">$</td><td style="width: 12%; text-align: right">(170,785</td><td style="white-space: nowrap; width: 3%; text-align: left">)<sup>[3]</sup></td><td style="width: 2%">&#160;</td>
    <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left">$</td><td style="width: 14%; text-align: right">(721,048</td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left">)</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="text-align: left">Net Cash Provided by (Used in) Operating Activities</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">172,563</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">(170,785</td><td style="text-align: left">)<sup>[3]</sup></td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">1,778</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="text-align: left">Purchase of Property and Equipment, Net</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">(176,156</td><td style="text-align: left">)</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">170,785</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;<sup>[3]</sup></td><td>&#160;</td>
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  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
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    <td style="text-align: left"/><td style="text-align: right">(176,156</td><td style="text-align: left">)</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left"/><td style="text-align: right">170,785</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;<sup>[3]</sup></td><td>&#160;</td>
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  </table>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%">
  <tr style="display: none; vertical-align: bottom">
    <td>&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: center">As Previously Reported</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: center">Adjustments</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: center">As Restated</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td></tr>
<tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
    <td>&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
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  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
    <td>&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: center">As Previously Reported</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: center">Adjustments</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: center">As Restated</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="width: 44%; text-align: left">Net Loss</td><td style="width: 2%">&#160;</td>
    <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left">$</td><td style="width: 14%; text-align: right">(1,307,635</td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left">)</td><td style="width: 2%">&#160;</td>
    <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left">$</td><td style="width: 12%; text-align: right">(315,775</td><td style="width: 5%; text-align: left">)<sup>[3][4]</sup></td><td style="width: 2%">&#160;</td>
    <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left">$</td><td style="width: 14%; text-align: right">(1,623,410</td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left">)</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
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    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">(21,274</td><td style="white-space: nowrap; text-align: left">)<sup>[4]</sup></td><td>&#160;</td>
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  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
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    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">851,117</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
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    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">514,068</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
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    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">(439,708</td><td style="text-align: left">)</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">355,753</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;<sup>[3]</sup></td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">(83,955</td><td style="text-align: left">)</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
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    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">(180,000</td><td style="text-align: left">)<sup>[4]</sup></td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">(180,000</td><td style="text-align: left">)</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
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    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">(439,708</td><td style="text-align: left">)</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">175,753</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">(263,955</td><td style="text-align: left">)</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
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    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">(59,967</td><td style="text-align: left">)</td><td>&#160;</td>
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  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
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  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
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    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">(62,732</td><td style="text-align: left">)</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">79</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;<sup>[4]</sup></td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">(62,653</td><td style="text-align: left">)</td></tr>
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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"></span></p>

<!-- Field: Page; Sequence: 36; Value: 34 -->
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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>The
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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>&#160;</b></span></p>

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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"></span></p>

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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&#160;</p>

<table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 12pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in"><span style="font-size: 10pt"><i>*</i></span></td>
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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"></span></p>

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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>The
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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>&#160;</b></span></p>

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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"></span></p>

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<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%">
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    <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: center"><p style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0">Accumulated</p>
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  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
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  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
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  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
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  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
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  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>The
following table presents the effect of the restatements of the Company&#8217;s previously issued statement of cashflows: </b></span></p>


<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%">
  <tr style="display: none; vertical-align: bottom">
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  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
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  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
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  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%">
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  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
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  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
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    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">(2,003,940</td><td style="text-align: left">)</td><td>&#160;</td>
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  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
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    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">(302,726</td><td style="text-align: left">)</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">300,100</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;<sup>[3]</sup></td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">(2,626</td><td style="text-align: left">)</td></tr>
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  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
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    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">(302,726</td><td style="text-align: left">)</td><td>&#160;</td>
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  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
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    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">(112,694</td><td style="text-align: left">)</td><td>&#160;</td>
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  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
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    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">(1,901,284</td><td style="text-align: left">)</td><td>&#160;</td>
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  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%">
  <tr style="display: none; vertical-align: bottom">
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  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
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    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
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    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">(341,965</td><td style="text-align: left">)</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">339,350</td><td style="text-align: left"><sup>[3][4]</sup></td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">(2,615</td><td style="text-align: left">)</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="text-align: left">EFFECT OF EXCHANGE RATE CHANGES ON CASH</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">(26,780</td><td style="text-align: left">)</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">(1,172</td><td style="text-align: left">)<sup>[4]</sup></td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">(27,952</td><td style="text-align: left">)</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="text-align: left">NET INCREASE (DECREASE) IN CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">(1,253,430</td><td style="text-align: left">)</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">13,187</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">(1,240,243</td><td style="text-align: left">)</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="text-align: left">CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS - END OF PERIOD</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left"/><td style="text-align: right">3,630,945</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left"/><td style="text-align: right">(1,734</td><td style="text-align: left">)</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left"/><td style="text-align: right">3,629,211</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  </table>

</div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"></span></p>

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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b><span id="a_0014"></span>ITEM
9 &#8211; CHANGES IN AND DISAGREEMENTS WITH ACCOUNTANTS ON ACCOUNTING AND FINANCIAL DISCLOSURE</b></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">None.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b><span id="a_0015"></span>ITEM
9A &#8211; CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES</b></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><b><i>Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures</i></b></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify">Our Chief Executive Officer and Principal Financial
Officer, after evaluating the effectiveness of our &#8220;disclosure controls and procedures&#8221; (as defined in the Securities Exchange
Act of 1934 Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) as of the end of the period covered by this Annual Report on Form 10-K (the &#8220;Evaluation
Date&#8221;), concluded that as of the Evaluation Date, our disclosure controls and procedures were not effective to provide reasonable
assurance that information we are required to disclose in reports that we file or submit under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed,
summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the Securities and Exchange Commission rules and forms.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify">Based on their evaluation of our disclosure controls
and procedures (as defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) under the Exchange Act) as of December 31, 2024, our Principal Executive Officer
and Principal Financial Officer have concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures were not effective to provide reasonable assurance
that information we are required to disclose in reports that we file or submit under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized
and reported within the time periods specified in SEC rules and forms, and that such information is accumulated and communicated to our
management, including our chief executive officer and chief financial officer, as appropriate, to allow timely decisions regarding required
disclosure.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><b><i>Management&#8217;s Annual Report on Internal
Control over Financial Reporting</i></b></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify">Our management is responsible for establishing and
maintaining adequate internal control over financial reporting, as such term is defined in the Securities&#8239; Exchange Act of 1934
Rule 13a-15(f). Our management conducted an evaluation of the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting based on
the framework in Internal Control - Integrated Framework, issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission
(the &#8220;COSO Framework&#8221;). Our internal control over financial reporting is a process designed to provide reasonable assurance
regarding the reliability of our financial reporting and the preparation of our financial statements for external purposes in accordance
with U.S. GAAP.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify">As of December 31, 2024, management assessed the effectiveness
of our internal control over financial reporting based on the criteria for effective internal control over financial reporting established
in Internal Control-Integrated Framework of 2013 issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (&#8220;COSO&#8221;)
and SEC guidance on conducting such assessments. Based on that evaluation under this framework, our management concluded that as of December
31, 2024, our internal control over financial reporting was not effective because of the following material weaknesses:</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify">The material weaknesses identified include (i) the
Company had inadequate segregation of duties consistent with control objectives and (ii) the Company had an insufficient number of personnel
with an appropriate level of U.S. GAAP knowledge and experience and ongoing training in the application of U.S. GAAP and SEC disclosure
requirements commensurate with the Company&#8217;s financial reporting requirements.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify">We are working to remediate the deficiencies and material
weaknesses. Our remediation efforts are ongoing, and we will continue our initiatives to implement and document policies, procedures,
and internal controls. We have taken steps to enhance our internal control environment and plan to take additional steps to remediate
the deficiencies and address material weaknesses. In addition, we continue to evaluate, remediate and improve our internal control over
financial reporting, executive management may elect to implement additional measures to address control deficiencies or may determine
that the remediation efforts described above require modification. Executive management, in consultation with and at the direction of
our Audit Committee, will continue to assess the control environment and the above-mentioned efforts to remediate the underlying causes
of the identified material weaknesses.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify">Although we plan to complete this remediation process
as quickly as possible, we are unable, at this time to estimate how long it will take; and our efforts may not be successful in remediating
the deficiencies or material weaknesses.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify">This Annual Report does not include an attestation
report of the Company&#8217;s independent registered public accounting firm regarding internal control over financial reporting. Management&#8217;s
report was not subject to attestation by the Company&#8217;s independent registered public accounting firm pursuant to rules of the SEC
that permit the company to provide only management&#8217;s report on internal control in this annual report.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><b><i>Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting</i></b></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify">There were no changes in our internal control over
financial reporting during the year ended December 31, 2024, that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect,
our internal control over financial reporting.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"></p>

<p style="font: 12pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"></p>
<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left; margin: 0pt 0"></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>


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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"></p><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><b><i>Inherent Limitations on Effectiveness of Controls</i></b></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify">Because of its inherent limitations, internal control
over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. Projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are
subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies
or procedures may deteriorate. All internal control systems, no matter how well designed, have inherent limitations. These include the
fact that human judgment in decision-making can be faulty and that breakdowns in internal control can occur because of human failures
such as simple errors or mistakes or intentional circumvention of the established process. Therefore, even those systems determined to
be effective can provide only reasonable assurance with respect to financial statement preparation and presentation. Because of the inherent
limitations of internal control, there is a risk that material misstatements may not be prevented or detected on a timely basis by internal
control over financial reporting. However, these inherent limitations are known features of the financial reporting process.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><b>Changes in Disclosure Controls and Procedures</b></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">None</p>


<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b><span id="a_0016"></span>ITEM
9B &#8211; OTHER INFORMATION</b></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>(a)
None.</b></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; background-color: white"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>(b)
Corporate Governance</b></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; background-color: white">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; background-color: white"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">During
the period covered by this Annual Report on Form 10-K, there were no changes to the procedures by which security holders may recommend
nominees to the Company&#8217;s Board of Directors.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; background-color: white"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>(c)
Insider Trading Arrangements and Policies</b></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; background-color: white">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; background-color: white"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">During
the quarter ended December 31, 2024, no director or officer of the Company &#8220;<span id="xdx_902_eecd--Rule10b51ArrAdoptedFlag_dbF_c20241001__20241231_z7nH6UbZS9z5" class="xdx_phnt_RGlzY2xvc3VyZSAtIEluc2lkZXIgVHJhZGluZyBBcnJhbmdlbWVudHMA"><span id="xdx_903_eecd--NonRule10b51ArrAdoptedFlag_dbF_c20241001__20241231_zFDvPAXeekHd" class="xdx_phnt_RGlzY2xvc3VyZSAtIEluc2lkZXIgVHJhZGluZyBBcnJhbmdlbWVudHMA"><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="From2024-10-012024-12-31" format="ixt:booleanfalse" id="Fact000058" name="ecd:Rule10b51ArrAdoptedFlag"><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="From2024-10-012024-12-31" format="ixt:booleanfalse" id="Fact000059" name="ecd:NonRule10b51ArrAdoptedFlag">adopted</ix:nonNumeric></ix:nonNumeric></span></span>&#8221; or &#8220;<span id="xdx_901_eecd--Rule10b51ArrTrmntdFlag_dbF_c20241001__20241231_zDXphEIdo7g6" class="xdx_phnt_RGlzY2xvc3VyZSAtIEluc2lkZXIgVHJhZGluZyBBcnJhbmdlbWVudHMA"><span id="xdx_903_eecd--NonRule10b51ArrTrmntdFlag_dbF_c20241001__20241231_z55icbVROnvh" class="xdx_phnt_RGlzY2xvc3VyZSAtIEluc2lkZXIgVHJhZGluZyBBcnJhbmdlbWVudHMA"><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="From2024-10-012024-12-31" format="ixt:booleanfalse" id="Fact000060" name="ecd:Rule10b51ArrTrmntdFlag"><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="From2024-10-012024-12-31" format="ixt:booleanfalse" id="Fact000061" name="ecd:NonRule10b51ArrTrmntdFlag">terminated</ix:nonNumeric></ix:nonNumeric></span></span>&#8221; a &#8220;Rule
10b5-1 trading arrangement&#8221; or &#8220;non-Rule 10b5-1 trading arrangement&#8221; as each term is defined in Item 408 of Regulation
S-K.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; background-color: white">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; background-color: white"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b><span id="a_0033"></span>ITEM
9C. DISCLOSURE REGARDING FOREIGN JURISDICTIONS THAT PREVENT INSPECTIONS</b></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Not
applicable.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>


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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b><span id="a_0022"></span>PART
III</b></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b><span id="a_0017"></span>ITEM
10 &#8211; DIRECTORS, EXECUTIVE OFFICERS AND CORPORATE GOVERNANCE</b></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><i>Executive
Officers and Directors</i></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Set
forth below is information concerning our directors, director nominees, executive officers and other key employees.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 26%"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>Name</b></span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; width: 2%"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; width: 8%"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>Age</b></span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; width: 2%"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
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  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">David Ly</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">49</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Chief Executive Officer, Chairman of the Board of Directors
    and President</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Robert J. Brilon</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">64</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Chief Financial Officer, Treasurer and Corporate Secretary</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Gregory Omi</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">63</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Chief Technology Officer</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Joseph Farnsworth</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">65</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Director</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Alejandro Franco</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">71</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Director</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Robert D. Gillen</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">70</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Director</span></td></tr>
  </table>
<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><i>David
Ly</i> founded our company and has served as our Chief Executive Officer and Chairman of the Board of Directors since October 2009. Mr.
Ly also served as our President from October 2009 to February 2014. Mr. Ly served in Business-to-Business Sales for T-Mobile USA, a wireless
network and communications company, from August 2002 to September 2003. From September 2001 to July 2002, Mr. Ly served as Market Manager
of Door To Door Storage, a moving and portable storage company. Mr. Ly served as an Applications Engineer at Metricom, Inc., the first
micro cellular data network, from November 1998 to August 2001. Mr. Ly holds a Bachelor of Science Degree in Civil Engineering with a
minor in International Business from San Francisco State University. We believe Mr. Ly&#8217;s position as our Chief Executive Officer,
his extensive knowledge and understanding of the video surveillance and AI industries, and his business and engineering expertise and
management skills provide the requisite qualifications, skills, perspectives, and experience that make him well qualified to serve on
our Board of Directors.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><i>Robert
J. Brilon </i>has served as our Chief Financial Officer since December 2013. He was also our President from February 2014 to July 2018
and Treasurer from December 2013 to July 2018 and was appointed Treasurer again on December 15, 2021. Mr. Brilon served as our Executive
Vice President of Business Development from December 2013 to February 2014 and as our interim Chief Financial Officer and Treasurer from
December 2008 to August 2010. Mr. Brilon is a Board Director and independent contract CFO for Bimergen Energy Corporation from October
2021 to present. Mr. Brilon joined New Gen Management Services, Inc. in July 2017 as the CFO (subsequently becoming President and CFO
of New Gen in July 2018). Mr. Brilon was the President, Chief Financial Officer, Corporate Secretary, and Director of both Vext Science,
Inc and New Gen until he resigned in February 2020. Mr. Brilon served as Chief Financial Officer and Executive Vice President of Business
Development of Brain State Technologies, a brainwave optimization software licensing and hardware company, from August 2010 to November
2013. From January 2010 to August 2010, Mr. Brilon served as Chief Financial Officer of MD Helicopters, a manufacturer of commercial
and light military helicopters. Mr. Brilon also served as Chief Executive Officer, President, and Chief Financial Officer of InPlay Technologies
(NASDAQ: NPLA), formerly, Duraswitch (NASDAQ: DSWT), a company that licensed patented electronic switch technology and manufactured digital
pen technology, from November 1998 to June 2007. Mr. Brilon served as Chief Financial Officer of Gietz Master Builders from 1997 to 1998,
Corporate Controller of Rental Service Corp. (NYSE: RRR) from 1995 to 1996, Chief Financial Officer and Vice President of Operations
of DataHand Systems, Inc. from 1993 to 1995, and Chief Financial Officer of Go-Video (AMEX:VCR) from 1986 to 1993. Mr. Brilon is a certified
public accountant and practiced with several leading accounting firms, including McGladrey Pullen, Ernst and Young and Deloitte and Touche.
Mr. Brilon holds a Bachelor of Science degree in Business Administration from the University of Iowa.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>


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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><i>Gregory
Omi</i> has served as our Chief Technology Officer since May 2021. Prior, Mr. Omi served as director of our company from October 2009
to November 2016. Mr. Omi served as a senior programmer for Zynga, an online and mobile social gaming company, from November 2009 to
March 2014 and then again briefly in 2016 and 2019 as architect. Mr. Omi served as senior engineer at Tesla, an electric vehicle manufacturer,
from October 2016 to October 2017. Prior to that, Mr. Omi served as a programmer for Monkey Gods, LLC, a video game developer, from January
2009 to November 2009. Mr. Omi also served as Senior Programmer for Flektor, Inc., a developer of online audio and video editing tools,
from October 2006 to January 2009. From October 1996 to June 2006, Mr. Omi served as a Senior Programmer for Naughty Dog, a computer
game developer. Prior to that, Mr. Omi served in programming roles for 3DO from 1992 to 1996, TekMagic in 1992, Epyx from 1986 to 1992,
Atari in 1991, Nexa from 1982 to 1983 and 1985 to 1986, and HES in 1983. Mr. Omi attended DeVry Institute in Phoenix, Arizona from 1979
to 1980 where he studied industrial electronics engineering.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><i>Joseph
Farnsworth</i> has served as a director of our company since January 2010. Mr. Farnsworth has served as President and as a director of
Farnsworth Realty &amp; Management Co., an Arizona-based privately held real estate company, and as a director of Farnsworth Development,
a closely held real estate developer, since 1995. Mr. Farnsworth has also served as a director of The Farnsworth Companies since 2008.
Mr. Farnsworth has also served as a director of Venture West Aviation since 2022. From 1990 to 1995, Mr. Farnsworth served as President
of Alfred&#8217;s International, with operations in China and Korea. Prior to that, Mr. Farnsworth served as President of Farnsworth
International, a real estate investment company based in Taipei, Taiwan from 1987 to 1991. Mr. Farnsworth holds a Bachelor of Science
degree in Real Estate Finance from Brigham Young University and is a licensed real estate broker in Arizona. We believe Mr. Farnsworth&#8217;s
experience leading companies with operations in Asia and his business and management skills provide the requisite qualifications, skills,
perspectives, and experience that make him well qualified to serve on our Board of Directors.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><i>Alejandro
Franco</i> has served as a director of our company since November 2011. Mr. Franco has also served as a consultant to our company since
2011, advising on business development and strategic partnership opportunities in Mexico. Mr. Franco is the founder and has served as
President of Amextel, a telecommunications company in Mexico, since June 2003. Mr. Franco founded the Mexican American Business Council,
a non-profit organization facilitating border relationships to increase business, support trade growth and investments, and has been
the CEO since June 2015. Mr. Franco also founded and served as President of Bela Corp., a cloud technology and services company, from
1988 to 2000. Prior to that, Mr. Franco founded and served as President of TVM, Inc., a television and technology company in Mexico,
from 1985 to 1988. Mr. Franco attended UNAM University, Mexico where he studied Economics. Mr. Franco also attended IBERO University,
Mexico, where he studied Industrial Design. Mr. Franco holds a Master degree in Theology from the Oblate School of Theology in San Antonio,
Texas. We believe Mr. Franco&#8217;s experience leading businesses with operations in Asia and Mexico, his experience as a consultant
for our company, his extensive knowledge and understanding of the telecommunications and cloud technology industries, and his business
and management skills provide the requisite qualifications, skills, perspectives, and experience that make him well qualified to serve
on our Board of Directors.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><i>Robert
D. Gillen</i> has served as a director of our company since November 2011. Mr. Gillen founded and has served as President of the Law
Offices of Robert D. Gillen, Ltd., a law firm located in Scottsdale, Arizona and Naperville, Illinois, which specializes in advising
small- and medium-size businesses on domestic and international tax planning, since 1979. Mr. Gillen retired in October 2014. Mr. Gillen
holds a Bachelor of Science degree in Business Administration from the University of Illinois and a J.D. from the Illinois Institute
of Technology &#8211; Chicago Kent College of Law. Mr. Gillen also has extensive experience educating, CPAs, attorneys, and other financial
and business professionals about asset protection and tax planning. We believe Mr. Gillen&#8217;s experience advising, clients operating
the cellular industry, his experience leading a business involved in the lease and sale of cellular sites, his experience navigating
international business and legal issues, and his prior board experience provide the requisite qualifications, skills, perspectives, and
experience that make him well qualified to serve on our Board of Directors.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>


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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>Family
Relationships</b></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">There
are no family relationships among any of our directors, director nominees or executive officers.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>Terms
of Directors and Executive Officers</b></span></p>

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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
number of directors of the Company shall be not less than one nor more than thirteen. Each of our directors holds office until the next
annual meeting of shareholders and until his or her successor shall have been elected and qualified, until his or her resignation, or
until his or her office is otherwise vacated in accordance with our articles of incorporation.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Our
officers are elected by and serve at the discretion of the board of directors.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>Board
of Directors and Board Committees</b></span></p>

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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Our
board of directors consists of four directors, three of whom are independent as such term is defined by the Nasdaq Capital Market. We
have determined that Joseph Farnsworth, Alejandro Franco and Robert D. Gillen satisfy the &#8220;independence&#8221; requirements under
NASDAQ Rule 5605.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>Board
Committees</b></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">We
have established three committees under the board of directors: an audit committee, a compensation committee and a nomination and corporate
governance committee, and adopted a charter for each of the three committees. Copies of our committee charters are posted on our corporate
investor relations website.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 24pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Each
committee&#8217;s members and functions are described below.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>Audit
Committee. </b>Our audit committee consists of Joseph Farnsworth, Alejandro Franco and Robert D. Gillen. Mr. Farnsworth is the chair
of our audit committee. The audit committee will oversee our accounting and financial reporting processes and the audits of the financial
statements of our company. The audit committee is responsible for, among other things:</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 24pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
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    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">appointing
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  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
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  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
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    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
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    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">reviewing the adequacy
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  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
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    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
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    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
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    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">reviewing and approving
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    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#9679;</td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">meeting separately and
    periodically with management and the independent auditors; and</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#9679;</td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">monitoring compliance with
    our code of business conduct and ethics, including reviewing the adequacy and effectiveness of our procedures to ensure proper compliance.</span></td></tr>
  </table>
<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 24pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>Compensation
Committee. </b>Our compensation committee consists of Joseph Farnsworth, Alejandro Franco and Robert D. Gillen. Mr. Farnsworth is the
chair of our compensation committee. The compensation committee will be responsible for, among other things:</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 24pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in">&#9679;</td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">reviewing and
    approving, or recommending to the board for its approval, the compensation for our chief executive officer and other executive officers;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#9679;</td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">reviewing and recommending
    to the shareholders for determination with respect to the compensation of our directors;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#9679;</td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">reviewing periodically
    and approving any incentive compensation or equity plans, programs or similar arrangements; and</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#9679;</td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">selecting compensation
    consultant, legal counsel or other adviser only after taking into consideration all factors relevant to that person&#8217;s independence
    from management.</span></td></tr>
  </table>
<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>


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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>Nominations
and Corporate Governance Committee. </b>Our Nominations and Corporate Governance committee consists of Joseph Farnsworth, Alejandro Franco
and Robert D. Gillen. Mr. Gillen is the chair of our Nominations and Corporate Governance committee. The nominating and corporate governance
committee is responsible for, among other things, (i) determining the qualifications, qualities and skills required to be a director
of the Company and evaluating, selecting and approving nominees to serve as directors, (ii) periodically reviewing, assessing and making
recommendations for changes to the Board of Directors and its committees and (iii) overseeing the process for evaluation of the Board
of Directors. Pursuant to the nominating and corporate governance committee charter, the nominating and corporate governance committee
has the authority to delegate all or a portion of its duties and responsibilities to a subcommittee of the nominating and corporate governance
committee. In addition, the nominating and corporate governance committee has unrestricted access to and assistance from our officers,
employees and independent auditors and the authority to employ experts, consultants and professionals to assist with performance of their
duties. The nominating and corporate governance committee is also responsible for establishing procedures regarding director nominees
put forward by stockholders. The committee is also responsible for establishing procedures for shareholder communications with the Board
of Directors.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>Involvement
in Certain Legal Proceedings</b></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">None
of our directors or officers has been convicted in a criminal proceeding, excluding traffic violations or similar misdemeanors, nor has
any been a party to any judicial or administrative proceeding during the past five years that resulted in a judgment, decree or final
order enjoining the person from future violations of, or prohibiting activities subject to, federal or state securities laws, or a finding
of any violation of federal or state securities laws, except for matters that were dismissed without sanction or settlement. Except as
set forth in our discussion below in &#8220;Related Party Transactions,&#8221; our directors and officers have not been involved in any
transactions with us or any of our affiliates or associates which are required to be disclosed pursuant to the rules and regulations
of the SEC.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>Code
of Business Conduct and Ethics</b></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">We
have adopted a code of business conduct and ethics which is applicable to all of our directors, executive officers and employees. A copy
of the code of business conduct and ethics is posted on our corporate investor relations website as required for our listing on the Nasdaq
Capital Market.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b><span id="a_0018"></span>ITEM
11 &#8211; EXECUTIVE COMPENSATION</b></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>Summary
Compensation Table</b></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">We
believe that it is important to design a compensation program that supports our business strategy. As a result, our compensation program
emphasizes performance-based compensation and is designed to support our business goals, promote short- and long-term growth, and attract,
retain, and motivate key talent. Our compensation program is comprised of three components: base salary, bonus awards, and long-term
performance incentives.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">We
believe that our executive officers and other key employees should have a portion of their potential annual compensation tied to our
profitability and our other goals. Additionally, we seek to align the ability to earn long-term incentives directly with the interests
of our stockholders through the use of equity-based incentives. We strive to ensure compensation is competitive with companies similar
to us; however, we acknowledge that base salaries are currently below market.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
following table sets forth certain information with respect to compensation for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, earned by
or paid to our chief executive officer and principal executive officer, our principal financial officer, and our other most highly compensated
executive officers whose total compensation exceeded US $100,000 (the &#8220;named executive officers&#8221;).</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>Name
    and Principal Position</b></span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>&#160;</b></span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>Year</b></span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>&#160;</b></span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>&#160;</b></span></td>
    <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>Salary
    (1)</b></span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>&#160;</b></span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>&#160;</b></span></td>
    <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>Warrants
    Awards (2)</b></span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>&#160;</b></span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>&#160;</b></span></td>
    <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>Option<br/>
    Awards (3)</b></span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>&#160;</b></span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>&#160;</b></span></td>
    <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>All
    Other Compensation (4)</b></span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>&#160;</b></span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>&#160;</b></span></td>
    <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>Total</b></span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>&#160;</b></span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 35%"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">David Ly</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 2%"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 7%; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">2024</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 2%"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">$</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 7%; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">190,000</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 2%"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 7%; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 2%"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">$</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 7%; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">18,367</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 2%"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">$</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 7%; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">16,586</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 2%"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">$</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 7%; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">224,953</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Chairman and Chief Executive Officer</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">2023</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">$</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">190,000</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">$</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">23,859</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">$</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">11,968</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">$</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">225,827</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Sid Sung</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Former President (5)</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">2023</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">$</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">150,000</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;<span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">$</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">2,130</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">$</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">152,130</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Robert J. Brilon</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">2024</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">$</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">180,000</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">$</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">18,367</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">$</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">198,367</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Chief Financial Officer, Treasurer and Corporate Secretary</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">2023</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">$</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">180,000</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">$</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">20,450</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">$</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">200,450</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Gregory Omi</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">2024</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">-</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">$</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">-</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">$</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">-</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Chief Technology Officer</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">2023</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">-</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">$</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">2,130</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">$</span></td>
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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>


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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>Outstanding
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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>Outstanding
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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(1)</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The options
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  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>Equity
Compensation Plans</b></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">On
January 18, 2010, we adopted the 2010 Stock Option Plan (the &#8220;2010 Option Plan&#8221;), which allows the Board to grant options
to purchase up to 15,625 shares of common stock to directors, officers, key employees, and service providers of our company. In 2011,
the 2010 Option Plan was amended to increase the number of shares issuable under the 2010 Option Plan to 375,000 shares. In 2012, 2010
Option Plan was again amended to increase the number of shares issuable under the 2010 Option Plan to 203,125 shares. The shares issuable
pursuant to the 2010 Option Plan are registered with the SEC under Forms S-8 filed on February 4, 2010 (No. 333- 164691), June 24, 2011
(No. 333-175143), and December 4, 2013 (No. 333-192655). The 2010 Option Plan expired on January 18, 2020. As of December 31, 2024 there
were 23,659 options outstanding under the 2010 Option Plan.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">On
December 15, 2020, we adopted the Iveda Solutions, Inc. 2020 Plan (the &#8220;2020 Plan&#8221;). The 2020 Plan has a maximum of 156,250
shares authorized with similar terms and conditions to the 2010 Option Plan. As of December 31, 2024 there were 193,397 options outstanding
under the 2020 Option Plan. The shares issuable pursuant to the 2020 Option Plan are registered with the SEC under Forms S-8 filed on
October 7, 2022 (No. 333- 267792). In 2024, the 2020 Option Plan was amended to increase the number of shares issuable under the 2020
Option Plan to 656,250 shares.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">As
of December 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, there were 217,056 and 162,265 options outstanding, respectively, under all the option plans.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Stock
options may be granted as either incentive stock options intended to qualify under Section 422 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986,
as amended (the &#8220;Code&#8221;), or as options not qualified under Section 422 of the Code. All options are issued with an exercise
price at or above the fair market value of the common stock on the date of the grant as determined by our Board of Directors. Incentive
stock option plan awards of restricted stock are intended to qualify as deductible performance-based compensation under Section 162(m)
of the Code. Incentive Stock Option awards of unrestricted stock are not designed to be deductible to us under Section 162(m). Under
the plans, stock options will terminate on the tenth anniversary date of the grant or earlier if provided in the grant.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"></p>

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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: center">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">We
have also granted non-qualified stock options to employees and contractors. All non-qualified options are generally issued with an exercise
price no less than the fair value of the common stock on the date of the grant as determined by our Board of Directors. Options may be
exercised up to ten years following the date of the grant, with vesting schedules determined by us upon grant. Vesting schedules vary
by grant, with some fully vesting immediately upon grant to others that ratably vest over a period of time up to four years. Standard
vested options may be exercised up to three months following date of termination of the relationship unless alternate terms are specified
at grant. The fair values of options are determined using the Black-Scholes option-pricing model. The estimated fair value of options
is recognized as expense on the straight-line basis over the options&#8217; vesting periods. At December 31, 2024, we had approximately
$7,854 unrecognized stock-based compensation.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left; margin: 0pt 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>Director
Compensation</b></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Non-employee
directors receive stock-based compensation for their service on our Board of Directors and are reimbursed for their cost of attending
meetings. For the year ended December 31, 2024, Joseph Farnsworth, Alejandro Franco and Robert Gillen received 15,000 options to purchase
shares of our common stock as compensation for services during the year ended December 31, 2024. For the year ended December 31, 2023,
Joseph Farnsworth, Alejandro Franco and Robert Gillen received 6,250 options to purchase shares of our common stock as compensation for
services during the year ended December 31, 2024. We do not pay additional compensation to our directors for their service, either as
Chair or as a member, on the Audit Committee, Compensation Committee, or Nominations and Corporate Governance Committee.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%">
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
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  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
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    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">-</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">-</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
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  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="text-align: justify">Robert Gillen</td><td>&#160;</td>
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    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">-</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(1)
As of December 31, 2024, Mr. Farnsworth had outstanding options to purchase 34,457 shares of our common stock.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(2)
As of December 31, 2024, Mr. Franco had outstanding options to purchase 28,912 shares of our common stock.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(3)
As of December 31, 2024, Mr. Gillen had outstanding options to purchase 29,538 shares of our common stock.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>Incentive-Based
Compensation Recovery Policy</b></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>&#160;</b></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
Company adopted an Incentive-Based Compensation Recovery Policy in order to comply with Nasdaq Listing Rules and Rule 10D-1 under the
Exchange Act. In the event the Company is required to prepare an accounting restatement to correct an error in previously issued financial
statements that is material to the previously issued financial statements or that would result in a material misstatement if the error
were corrected in the current period or left uncorrected in the current period, subject to the terms of the policy, the Company must
recover reasonably promptly from its current and former executive officers the amount of any erroneously awarded incentive based compensation
received on or after October 2, 2023 and during the three years preceding the date that the Company is required to prepare such accounting
restatement.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>


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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b><span id="a_0019"></span>ITEM
12 &#8211; SECURITY OWNERSHIP OF CERTAIN BENEFICIAL OWNERS AND MANAGEMENT AND RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS</b></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
following table and accompanying footnotes set forth as of December 31, 2024, certain information regarding the beneficial ownership
of shares of our common stock by: (i) each person who is known by us to own beneficially more than 5% of such stock; (ii) each member
of our Board of Directors, and each of our named executive officers and (iii) all of our directors and executive officers as a group.
Except as otherwise indicated, all Common Stock is owned directly, and the beneficial owners listed in the table below possess sole voting
and investment power with respect to the stock indicated, and the address for each beneficial owner is c/o Iveda Solutions, Inc., 1744
S. Val Vista Drive, Suite 213, Mesa, Arizona 85204.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%">
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center">Name of Beneficial Owner</td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center">Common Shares</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold">&#160;</td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center">% of Common Shares</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: justify">Directors and Officers</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="width: 62%; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">David Ly <sup>(1)</sup></span></td><td style="width: 2%">&#160;</td>
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  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Robert J. Brilon <sup>(2)</sup></span></td><td>&#160;</td>
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    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">1.7</td><td style="text-align: left">%</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Gregory Omi <sup>(3)</sup></span></td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">21,940</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">0.8</td><td style="text-align: left">%</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Joseph Farnsworth <sup>(4)</sup></span></td><td>&#160;</td>
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    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">1.7</td><td style="text-align: left">%</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Alejandro Franco <sup>(5)</sup></span></td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">32,819</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">1.2</td><td style="text-align: left">%</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Robert D. Gillen <sup>(6)</sup></span></td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">49,869</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">1.8</td><td style="text-align: left">%</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: justify">All Directors and Officers</td><td style="font-weight: bold">&#160;</td>
    <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right">306,979</td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="font-weight: bold">&#160;</td>
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  </table>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(1)</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Includes options
    to purchase 45,784 shares of common stock, which are exercisable within 60 days of December 31, 2024.</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(2)</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Includes options to purchase
    27,503 shares of common stock, which are exercisable within 60 days of December 31, 2024.</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(3)</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Includes options to purchase
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  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(4)</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Consists of (a) options
    to purchase 34,457 shares of common stock, which are exercisable within 60 days of December 31, 2024, (b) 2,491 shares of common
    stock held by Farnsworth Realty, an entity owned by Mr. Farnsworth and (c) 10,878 shares of common stock. </span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(5)</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Consists of (a) options
    to purchase 28,912 shares of common stock, which are exercisable within 60 days of December 31, 2024, and (b) 3,907 shares of common
    stock held by Amextel S.A. De C.V. an entity owned by Mr. Franco.</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(6)</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Consists (a) options to
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    stock. </span></td></tr>
  </table>
<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>


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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>Shares
Authorized for Issuance Under Equity Compensation Plans</b></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
following table shows the number of securities to be issued upon exercise of outstanding options under equity compensation plans approved
by our stockholders and under equity compensation plans not approved by our stockholders as of December 31, 2024.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%">
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"><p style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"></p>
                                                                                <p style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0">&#160;</p></td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center">Number of securities to be issued upon exercise of outstanding options, warrants and rights<p style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"></p>
                                                                                <p style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"></p></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold">&#160;</td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center">Weighted-average exercise price of outstanding options, warrants and rights<p style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"></p>
                                                                                <p style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0">&#160;</p></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: center"><b>Number of securities remaining available for future issuance under equity compensation plans</b></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="width: 52%; text-align: left">Equity compensation plans approved by stockholders (1)</td><td style="width: 2%">&#160;</td>
    <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="width: 12%; text-align: right">23,659</td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="width: 2%">&#160;</td>
    <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left">$</td><td style="width: 12%; text-align: right">25.60</td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="width: 2%">&#160;</td>
    <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="width: 12%; text-align: right">-</td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="text-align: left">Equity compensation plans approved by stockholders (2)</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">193,397</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">$</td><td style="text-align: right">17.69</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">463,853</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1pt">Equity compensation plans not approved by stockholders (3)</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right">1,882,076</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
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    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right">-</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt">Total</td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right">2,099,132</td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left">$</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right">10.36</td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right">463,853</td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  </table>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(1)</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Consists of
    our 2010 and 2012 Option Plan.</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(2)</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Consists of our 2020 Option
    Plan</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(3)</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Warrants issued not under
    a plan</span></td></tr>
  </table>
<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b><span id="a_0020"></span>ITEM
13 &#8211; CERTAIN RELATIONSHIPS AND RELATED TRANSACTIONS, AND DIRECTOR INDEPENDENCE</b></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>Transactions
with Related Persons, Promoters and Certain Control Persons</b></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Other
than equity and other compensation, termination, change in control and other similar arrangements, which are described under &#8220;Executive
and Director Compensation.&#8221;, since January 1, 2024 there are no transactions to which we were a party in which (i) the amount involved
exceeded or will exceed the lesser of $120,000 of one percent (1%) of our average total assets at year-end for the last two completed
fiscal years and (ii) any of our directors, executive officers or holders of more than 5% of our capital stock, or any member of the
immediate family of, or person sharing the household with, any of the foregoing persons, had or will have a direct or indirect material
interest.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 24pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>Director
Independence</b></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Our
Board of Directors has undertaken a review of its composition, the composition of its committees, and the independence of each director.
Our Board of Directors has determined, after considering all of the relevant facts and circumstances, that Messrs. Farnsworth, Franco,
Gillen, and Omi do not have a relationship with us that would interfere with their exercise of independent judgment in carrying out their
responsibilities as a director and that each of these directors is &#8220;independent&#8221; as that term is defined under the applicable
rules and regulations of the SEC. In making this determination, our Board of Directors considered the current and prior relationships
that each non-employee director has with our company and all other facts and circumstances our Board of Directors deemed relevant in
determining their independence, including the beneficial ownership of our capital stock by each non-employee director. Our Board of Directors
did not consider any relationship or transaction between our company and the independent directors not already disclosed in this Annual
Report on Form 10-K in making this determination. Mr. Ly is an employee director.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
Audit Committee currently consists of Messrs. Farnsworth (Chairman), Franco and Gillen, each of whom is an independent director of our
company. The Compensation Committee currently consists of Messrs. Farnsworth (Chairman), Franco and Gillen, each of whom is an independent
director of our company. The Nominations and Corporate Governance Committee currently consists of Messrs. Gillen (Chairman), Farnsworth,
and Franco, each of whom is an independent director of our company.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b><span id="a_0021"></span>ITEM
14 &#8211; PRINCIPAL ACCOUNTANT FEES AND SERVICES</b></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>Fees
Paid to Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm</b></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">In
February 2025, with the approval of the Audit Committee of the Board of Directors, we appointed Weinberg &amp;Co (&#8220;Weinberg&#8221;)
as our principal accounting firm. Weinberg has served as the principal audit firm for Iveda 2024 and 2023 Financial Statements since
February 2025. No fees were paid to or accrued in 2024 related to Weinberg&#8217;s services.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">We
paid or accrued $283,000 and $137,500 for audit fees, during the year ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively. During 2024 we paid $93,500
to BF Borgers for the audit of 2023. BF Borgers was sanctioned by the SEC in May 2024. No other fees were paid to Borgers for the respective periods.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">On
May 10, 2024 we engaged Kreit and Chiu CPA LLP (&#8220;KC&#8221;) to do the quarterly 10-Q reviews for 2024 and a re-audit of 2023 and
2024. We paid KC $189,500 for their 10-Q reviews and their work on the re-audit until we replaced them with Weinberg in February 2025.
KC did not finish or opine on the 2023 or 2024 audits. No other fees were paid to KC.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>Audit
Committee Pre-Approval Policies</b></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">As
part of its responsibility for oversight of the independent registered public accountants, the Audit Committee has established a pre-approval
policy for engaging audit and permitted non-audit services provided by our independent registered public accountants, Weinberg. In accordance
with this policy, each type of audit, audit-related, tax and other permitted service to be provided by the independent auditors is specifically
described and each such service, together with a fee level or budgeted amount for such service, is pre-approved by the Audit Committee.
The Audit Committee has delegated authority to its Chairman to pre-approve additional non-audit services (provided such services are
not prohibited by applicable law) up to a pre-established aggregate dollar limit. All services pre-approved by the Chairman of the Audit
Committee must be presented at the next Audit Committee meeting for review and ratification. All of the services provided by Weinberg
described above were approved by the Audit Committee pursuant to our Audit Committee&#8217;s pre-approval policy.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Our
principal accountants, Weinberg, did not engage any other persons or firms other than their respective full-time, permanent employees.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>


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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b><span id="a_0023"></span>PART
IV</b></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b><span id="a_0024"></span>ITEM
15 &#8211; EXHIBITS AND FINANCIAL STATEMENT SCHEDULES</b></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>(a)</b></span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>Financial Statements and Financial
    Statement Schedules</b></span></td></tr>
  </table>
<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">1.</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Consolidated
    Financial Statements are listed in the Index to Consolidated Financial Statements on page F-1 of this Annual Report on Form 10-K.
    </span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">2.</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Other schedules are omitted
    because they are not applicable, not required, or because required information is included in the Consolidated Financial Statements
    or notes thereto. </span></td></tr>
  </table>
<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>(b)</b></span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>Exhibits</b></span></td></tr>
  </table>
<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="margin: 0"></p>

<table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top; width: 0.75in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>Exhibit
    Number</b></span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top; width: 0.1in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: justify; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>Description
    of Exhibit</b></span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">2.1</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><a href="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1397183/000114420412006987/v301898_ex2-5.htm" style="-sec-extract: exhibit">Agreement and Plan of Merger, dated March 21, 2011, by and among Iveda Solutions, Inc., a Nevada corporation, Sole-Vision Technologies, Inc. (doing business as MEGAsys), a corporation organized under the laws of the Republic of China, and the shareholders of MEGAsys (Incorporated by reference to the Form 10-K/A filed on 2/9/2012)</a></span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">4.1</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><a href="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1397183/000100201407000288/exh41.htm" style="-sec-extract: exhibit">Specimen Stock Certificate (Incorporated by reference to the Form SB-2 filed on 4/27/2007)</a></span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">4.5</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><a href="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1397183/000114420409053915/v163233_ex4-5.htm" style="-sec-extract: exhibit">Form of Common Stock Purchase Warrant issued by Iveda Corporation in conjunction with the Merger (Incorporated by reference to the Form 8-K filed on 10/21/2009)</a></span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">4.6</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><a href="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1397183/000095012310008568/c95245exv4w4.htm" style="-sec-extract: exhibit">2010 Stock Option Plan, dated January 18, 2010 (Incorporated by reference to the Form S-8 filed on 2/4/2010)</a></span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">4.7</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><a href="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1397183/000114420411037551/v226453_ex4-2.htm" style="-sec-extract: exhibit">Form of Notice of Grant of Stock Option under the Iveda Solutions, Inc. 2010 Stock Option Plan, as amended (Incorporated by reference to Form S-8 filed on 6/24/2011)</a></span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">4.8</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><a href="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1397183/000114420411037551/v226453_ex4-3.htm" style="-sec-extract: exhibit">Form of Stock Option Agreement under the Iveda Solutions, Inc. 2010 Stock Option Plan, as amended (Incorporated by reference to Form S-8 filed on 6/24/2011)</a></span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">4.9</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><a href="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1397183/000114420411037551/v226453_ex4-4.htm" style="-sec-extract: exhibit">Form of Stock Option Exercise Notice under the Iveda Solutions, Inc. 2010 Stock Option Plan, as amended (Incorporated by reference to Form S-8 filed on 6/24/2011)</a></span></td></tr>

<tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.75in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">4.13</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.1in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><a href="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1397183/000149315221026165/ex4-13.htm" style="-sec-extract: exhibit">2020 Stock Option Plan, dated January 18, 2020 (filed with amended Form 10-12g filed on 10/25/2021)</a></span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">4.14</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><a href="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1397183/000149315221032910/ex4-14.htm" style="-sec-extract: exhibit">Form of Warrant to purchase common stock to officers, directors, employees, and consultants (Incorporated by reference to the Form S-1 filed on 12/30/2021)</a></span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">4.15</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><a href="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1397183/000149315221032910/ex4-15.htm" style="-sec-extract: exhibit">Form of Convertible Debenture(Incorporated by reference to the Form S-1 filed on 12/30/2021)</a></span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">4.16</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><a href="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1397183/000149315221032910/ex4-16.htm" style="-sec-extract: exhibit">Form of Warrant(Incorporated by reference to the Form S-1 filed on 12/30/2021)</a></span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">10.1</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><a href="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1397183/000114420409040538/v156459_ex10-4.htm" style="-sec-extract: exhibit">Application Development Service Agreement dated July 14, 2006 by and between Axis Communications AB and IntelaSight, Inc. (Incorporated by reference to the Form S-4/A2 filed on 8/2/2009)</a></span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">10.2</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><a href="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1397183/000114420409036866/v154470_ex10-5.htm" style="-sec-extract: exhibit">Partner Agreement dated January 30, 2007 by and between Milestone Systems, Inc. and IntelaSight, Inc. (Incorporated by reference to the Form S-4/A1 filed on 7/10/2009)</a></span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">10.3</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><a href="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1397183/000114420409036866/v154470_ex10-6.htm" style="-sec-extract: exhibit">Solution Partner Agreement dated March 13, 2008 by and between Milestone Systems A/S and IntelaSight, Inc. (Incorporated by reference to the Form S-4/A1 filed on 7/10/2009)</a></span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">10.4</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><a href="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1397183/000114420409036866/v154470_ex10-2.htm" style="-sec-extract: exhibit">Channel Partner Program Membership Agreement &#8211; Gold Solution Partner Level &#8211; dated June 23, 2009 by and between Axis Communications Inc. and IntelaSight, Inc. (Incorporated by reference to the Form S-4/A1 filed on 7/10/2009)</a></span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">10.5</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><a href="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1397183/000114420409053915/v163233_ex10-10.htm" style="-sec-extract: exhibit">Stock Purchase Agreement, dated October 15, 2009, by and among Iveda Corporation, IntelaSight, Inc., Ian Quinn and Kevin Liggins (Incorporated by reference to the Form 8-K filed on 10/21/2009)</a></span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">10.11</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
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  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">10.12</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><a href="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1397183/000114420412013367/v304710_ex10-12.htm" style="-sec-extract: exhibit">Non-Exclusive Strategic Collaboration Agreement between Iveda Solutions, Inc. and Telmex, U.S.A., LLC, dated October 28, 2011 (Incorporated by reference to Form 10-Q/A filed on 3/7/2012)</a></span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">10.13</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><a href="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1397183/000114420412018625/v307338_ex10-13.htm" style="-sec-extract: exhibit">2010 Digital Video Remote Monitoring Recording System Procurement Contract between Sole-Vision Technology, Inc. and New Taipei City Police Department Purchasing Authority, dated January 9, 2012 (Incorporated by reference to Form 10-K filed on 3/30/2012)</a></span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">10.14</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><a href="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1397183/000114420412028180/v310817_ex10-14.htm" style="-sec-extract: exhibit">Consulting Agreement between Iveda Solutions, Inc. and Amextel S.A. de C.V. dated November 2, 2011 (Incorporated by reference to Form 10-K/A filed on 5/11/2012)</a></span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">10.17</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><a href="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1397183/000149315221032910/ex10-17.htm" style="-sec-extract: exhibit">Cooperation Agreement with Industrial Technology Research Institute dated November 2012 (Incorporated by reference to the Form S-1 filed on 12/30/2021)</a></span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">14.1</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><a href="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1397183/000095012310035188/c99243exv14w1.htm" style="-sec-extract: exhibit">Code of Conduct and Ethics (Incorporated by reference to the Form 10-K filed on 4/15/2010)</a></span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">14.2</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><a href="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1397183/000095012310035188/c99243exv14w2.htm" style="-sec-extract: exhibit">Code of Ethics for Chief Executive Officer and Senior Financial Officers (Incorporated by reference to the Form 10-K filed on 4/15/2010)</a></span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">21</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><a href="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1397183/000114420412018625/v307338_ex21.htm" style="-sec-extract: exhibit">Subsidiaries of the Registrant (Incorporated by reference to Form 10-K filed on 3/30/2012)</a></span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">23.1*</td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><a href="ex23-1.htm">Consent of Weinberg &amp; Company P.A.</a></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">31.1*</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><a href="ex31-1.htm">Certification of Principal Executive Officer pursuant to Exchange Act Rule 15d-14(a)</a></span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">31.2*</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><a href="ex31-2.htm">Certification of Principal Financial Officer pursuant to Exchange Act Rule 15d-14(a)</a></span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">32.1*</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><a href="ex32-1.htm">Certification of Principal Executive Officer Pursuant to Section 1350</a></span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">32.2*</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><a href="ex32-2.htm">Certification of Principal Financial Officer Pursuant to Section 1350</a></span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">97.1</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><a href="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1397183/000149315224012417/ex97-1.htm" style="-sec-extract: exhibit">Compensation Recovery Policy of Iveda Solutions, Inc.</a></span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">101.INS*</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Inline XBRL Instance Document</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">101.SCH*</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension
    Schema Document</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">101.CAL*</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension
    Calculation Linkbase Document</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">101.DEF*</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension
    Definition Linkbase Document</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">101.LAB*</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension
    Label Linkbase Document</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">101.PRE*</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension
    Presentation Linkbase Document</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">104</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Cover Page Interactive
    Data File (embedded within the Inline XBRL document)</span></td></tr>
  </table>
<p style="margin: 0">&#160;</p>

<p style="margin: 0"></p>

<table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">*</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Filed herewith.</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">**</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Furnished herewith.</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#8224;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Pursuant to Rule 406T of
    Regulation S-T, these interactive data files are deemed not filed or part of a registration statement or prospectus for purposes
    of Sections 11 or 12 of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, are deemed not filed for purposes of Section 18 of the Securities
    Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, and otherwise are not subject to liability under those sections.</span></td></tr>
  </table>
<p style="margin: 0">&#160;</p>

<p style="margin: 0"></p>

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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b><span id="a_0025"></span>SIGNATURES</b></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Pursuant
to the requirements of Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed
on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Date: June 16, 2025</span></td>
    <td colspan="2" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">IVEDA SOLUTIONS, INC.</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 50%"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 3%"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 47%"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">By:</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><i>/s/ David Ly</i></span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">David Ly</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Chief Executive Officer and Chairman</span></td></tr>
  </table>
<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Date: June 16, 2025</span></td>
    <td colspan="2" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">IVEDA SOLUTIONS, INC.</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 50%"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 3%"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 47%"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">By: </span></td>
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  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Robert J. Brilon</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Chief Financial Officer, Treasurer and Secretary</span></td></tr>
  </table>
<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Pursuant
to the requirements of Securities Exchange Act of 1934, this report has been signed below by the following persons on behalf of the registrant
and in the capacities and on the dates indicated.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom">
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  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
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    David Ly</i></span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Chief
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  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
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    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(Principal
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    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; vertical-align: bottom; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><i>/s/
    Robert J. Brilon</i></span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Chief
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    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">June 16, 2025</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Robert
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    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(Principal
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    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; vertical-align: bottom; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><i>/s/
    Joseph Farnsworth</i></span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Director</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">June 16, 2025</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Joseph
    Farnsworth</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; vertical-align: bottom; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><i>/s/
    Alejandro Franco</i></span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Director</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">June 16, 2025</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Alejandro
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    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; vertical-align: bottom; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><i>/s/
    Robert D. Gillen</i></span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Director</span></td>
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    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">June 16, 2025</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Robert
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    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>


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    <div style="break-before: page; margin-top: 6pt"><p style="margin: 0pt">&#160;</p></div>
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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><span id="a_0026"></span>INDEX
TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; background-color: #CCEEFF">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; text-transform: uppercase"><a href="#a_0031">REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM</a> (PCAOB ID: <span id="xdx_90A_edei--AuditorFirmId_c20240101__20241231_ztGaHNLObfO5"><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="From2024-01-01to2024-12-31" id="Fact000062" name="dei:AuditorFirmId">572</ix:nonNumeric></span>)</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; width: 48px; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">F-2</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; background-color: white">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; background-color: #CCEEFF">
    <td style="font: normal 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><a href="#a_0027">CONSOLIDATED
    BALANCE SHEETS AS OF DECEMBER 31, 2024 AND 2023 <span style="font: normal 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-transform: lowercase">(as
    restated)</span></a></span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">F-3</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; background-color: white">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; background-color: #CCEEFF">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><a href="#a_0028">CONSOLIDATED
    STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2024 AND 2023 (<span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; text-transform: lowercase">as
    restated)</span></a></span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">F-4</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; background-color: white">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; background-color: #CCEEFF">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><a href="#a_0029">CONSOLIDATED
    STATEMENTS OF STOCKHOLDERS&#8217; EQUITY FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2024 AND 2023 <span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; text-transform: lowercase">(as
    restated)</span></a></span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">F-6</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; background-color: white">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; background-color: #CCEEFF">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><a href="#a_0030">CONSOLIDATED
    STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2024 AND 2023 <span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; text-transform: lowercase">(as
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    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">F-7</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; background-color: white">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; background-color: #CCEEFF">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; text-transform: uppercase"><a href="#a_0034">NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS</a></span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">F-9</span></td></tr>
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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>


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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: center"><b style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><span id="a_0031"></span>REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED
PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM</b></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: center">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify">To the Board of Directors and Stockholders of</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify">Iveda Solutions, Inc.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="text-decoration: underline; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Opinion on the Financial Statements</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span id="xdx_90E_edei--AuditorOpinionTextBlock_c20240101__20241231_zHN6e4QQwFmj"><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="From2024-01-01to2024-12-31" escape="true" id="Fact000063" name="dei:AuditorOpinionTextBlock">We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance
sheets of Iveda Solutions, Inc. (the &#8220;Company&#8221;) as of December 31, 2024 and 2023, the related consolidated statements of operations,
stockholders&#8217; equity, and cash flows for the years then ended, and the related notes (collectively referred to as the &#8220;consolidated
financial statements&#8221;). In our opinion, the consolidated financial statements present fairly, in all material respects, the consolidated
financial position of the Company as of December 31, 2024 and 2023, and the results of its operations and its cash flows for the years
then ended, in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America.</ix:nonNumeric></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="text-decoration: underline; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Going Concern</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify">The accompanying consolidated financial statements
have been prepared assuming that the Company will continue as a going concern. As discussed in Note 1 to the financial statements, the
Company experienced net losses and negative operating cash flows during the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023. These conditions raise
substantial doubt about the Company&#8217;s ability to continue as a going concern. Management&#8217;s plans in regard to these matters
are also described in Note 1 to the financial statements. The financial statements do not include any adjustments that might result from
the outcome of this uncertainty.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="text-decoration: underline; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Basis for Opinion</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify">These consolidated financial statements are the responsibility
of the Company&#8217;s management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the Company&#8217;s consolidated financial statements
based on our audits. We are a public accounting firm registered with the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (&#8220;PCAOB&#8221;)
and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable
rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify">We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards
of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audits to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the consolidated
financial statements are free of material misstatement, whether due to error or fraud. The Company is not required to have, nor were we
engaged to perform, an audit of its internal control over financial reporting. As part of our audit we are required to obtain an understanding
of internal control over financial reporting but not for the purpose of expressing an opinion on the effectiveness of the Company&#8217;s
internal control over financial reporting. Accordingly, we express no such opinion.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify">Our audits included performing procedures to assess
the risks of material misstatement of the consolidated financial statements, whether due to error or fraud, and performing procedures
that respond to those risks. Such procedures included examining, on a test basis, evidence regarding the amounts and disclosures in the
consolidated financial statements. Our audits also included evaluating the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by
management, as well as evaluating the overall presentation of the financial statements. We believe that our audits provided a reasonable
basis for our opinion.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><b style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Critical Audit Matter</b></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify">The critical audit matter communicated below is a
matter arising from the current period audit of the financial statements that was communicated or required to be communicated to the audit
committee and that (1) relates to accounts or disclosures that are material to the financial statements and (2) involved especially challenging,
subjective, or complex judgments. The communication of critical audit matters does not alter in any way our opinion on the consolidated
financial statements taken as a whole, and we are not, by communicating the critical audit matters below, providing separate opinions
on the critical audit matter or on the accounts or disclosures to which they relate.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="text-decoration: underline; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Deferred
Costs of Goods</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify">As described further in Note 1 to the consolidated
financial statements, the Company&#8217;s accounting policy is to classify inventory that has been purchased and delivered to customer
locations in Taiwan as a deferred cost until the Company has completed its performance obligations. These deferred costs totaled $507,308
as of December 31, 2024. We identified the existence and realization of these assets as a critical audit matter because of the materiality
of the deferred costs, and that a high degree of auditor judgment was required to evaluate various factors used in the Company&#8217;s
evaluation of the existence and realization of these assets.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify">Our audit procedures related to the existence and
realization of this asset included the following:</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify">&#160;</p>

<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"><tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
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of these assets.</td></tr>
<tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
<td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"/><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#9679;</td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify">We obtained detail schedules of these deferred costs at December 31, 2024, and examined the underlying
documentation relating to the purchase of these assets.</td></tr>
<tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
<td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"/><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#9679;</td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify">Verified through our testing that the inventories were delivered to the customer site.</td></tr>
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<td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"/><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#9679;</td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify">Verified realization of these assets through examination of subsequent collections, completion of performance
obligation and corresponding recognition of revenue.</td></tr></table>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify">The December 31, 2023 consolidated financial statements,
which were audited by another auditor, have been restated (See Note 11).</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify">We have served as the Company&#8217;s auditor since
2025.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><i>/s/ Weinberg &amp; Company, P.A.</i></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span id="xdx_90D_edei--AuditorName_c20240101__20241231_z9L4cAVJmsE7"><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="From2024-01-01to2024-12-31" id="Fact000064" name="dei:AuditorName">Weinberg &amp; Company, P.A.</ix:nonNumeric></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span id="xdx_909_edei--AuditorLocation_c20240101__20241231_zQ0fQu99BA5l"><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="From2024-01-01to2024-12-31" id="Fact000065" name="dei:AuditorLocation">Los Angeles, California</ix:nonNumeric></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify">April 15, 2025</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify">&#160;</p>


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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>IVEDA
SOLUTIONS, INC.</b></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b><span id="a_0027"></span>CONSOLIDATED
BALANCE SHEETS</b></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>DECEMBER
31, 2024 AND 2023</b></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

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    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
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    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:OtherAssetsCurrent" contextRef="AsOf2023-12-31" id="Fact000089" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="0" unitRef="USD">435,581</ix:nonFraction></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_408_eus-gaap--AssetsCurrent_i02TI_mtACzAgd_maAzFJt_zKs3JbqNJwZc" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
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  <tr id="xdx_40C_eus-gaap--PropertyPlantAndEquipmentNet_i01I_maAzFJt_zSANkxTWWKYc" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
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  <tr id="xdx_40F_eus-gaap--OtherAssetsNoncurrent_i02I_maAzFJt_zhaWVe1JNTZ7" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
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  <tr id="xdx_405_eus-gaap--Assets_i01TI_mtAzFJt_zoNW7t6a7fwf" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
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</td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt">&#160;</td>
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  <tr id="xdx_40E_eus-gaap--LiabilitiesAndStockholdersEquityAbstract_iB_zNQq7Adyasfi" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center">LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS&#8217; EQUITY</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_40B_eus-gaap--LiabilitiesCurrentAbstract_i01B_z0pWdJ3wwuW2" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
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  <tr id="xdx_40B_eus-gaap--AccountsPayableAndOtherAccruedLiabilitiesCurrent_i02I_maLCz1Yo_zm5G8bXm75hb" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
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  <tr id="xdx_409_eus-gaap--ShortTermBorrowings_i02I_maLCz1Yo_zyERozoofWk7" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="text-indent: 10pt; text-align: left">Short Term Debt</td><td>&#160;</td>
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  <tr id="xdx_403_eus-gaap--LongTermDebtCurrent_i02I_maLCz1Yo_zwsslZ3jCjoe" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="text-indent: 10pt; text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1pt">Current Portion of Long-Term Debt</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:LongTermDebtCurrent" contextRef="AsOf2024-12-31" id="Fact000115" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="0" unitRef="USD">122,007</ix:nonFraction></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl0116">-</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_407_eus-gaap--LiabilitiesCurrent_i02TI_mtLCz1Yo_maLASEz24B_zqqkOpPxrxcg" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="text-indent: 20pt; text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1pt">Total Current Liabilities</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:LiabilitiesCurrent" contextRef="AsOf2024-12-31" id="Fact000118" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="0" unitRef="USD">2,297,889</ix:nonFraction></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:LiabilitiesCurrent" contextRef="AsOf2023-12-31" id="Fact000119" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="0" unitRef="USD">1,657,685</ix:nonFraction></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_40B_eus-gaap--LongTermDebt_i01I_maLASEz24B_zeoGo9yJLdk7" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left">LONG-TERM DEBT</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:LongTermDebt" contextRef="AsOf2024-12-31" id="Fact000121" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="0" unitRef="USD">376,188</ix:nonFraction></td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl0122">-</span></td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_402_eus-gaap--StockholdersEquityAbstract_i01B" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left">STOCKHOLDERS&#8217; EQUITY</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="padding-left: 10pt">Preferred Stock, $<span id="xdx_905_eus-gaap--PreferredStockParOrStatedValuePerShare_iI_c20241231_zqxhFj3Muh9h" title="Preferred Stock, par value"><span id="xdx_908_eus-gaap--PreferredStockParOrStatedValuePerShare_iI_c20231231_ziHDr5Fz3MQ4" title="Preferred Stock, par value"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:PreferredStockParOrStatedValuePerShare" contextRef="AsOf2024-12-31" id="Fact000127" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="INF" unitRef="USDPShares"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:PreferredStockParOrStatedValuePerShare" contextRef="AsOf2023-12-31" id="Fact000129" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="INF" unitRef="USDPShares">0.00001</ix:nonFraction></ix:nonFraction></span></span> par value; <span id="xdx_90A_eus-gaap--PreferredStockSharesAuthorized_iI_pid_c20241231_zcFpCHA1BQu8" title="Preferred stock, shares authorized"><span id="xdx_900_eus-gaap--PreferredStockSharesAuthorized_iI_pid_c20231231_zHX3yP2CIn9a" title="Preferred stock, shares authorized"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:PreferredStockSharesAuthorized" contextRef="AsOf2024-12-31" id="Fact000131" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="INF" unitRef="Shares"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:PreferredStockSharesAuthorized" contextRef="AsOf2023-12-31" id="Fact000133" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="INF" unitRef="Shares">12,500,000</ix:nonFraction></ix:nonFraction></span></span> shares authorized</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_40B_eus-gaap--PreferredStockValue_i02I_hus-gaap--StatementClassOfStockAxis__us-gaap--SeriesBPreferredStockMember_maSEz8JW_z3sJmGneV9Zc" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="padding-left: 10pt">Series B Preferred Stock, $<span id="xdx_900_eus-gaap--PreferredStockParOrStatedValuePerShare_iI_c20241231__us-gaap--StatementClassOfStockAxis__us-gaap--SeriesBPreferredStockMember_zQmw9ltk3hJh" title="Preferred Stock, par value"><span id="xdx_909_eus-gaap--PreferredStockParOrStatedValuePerShare_iI_c20231231__us-gaap--StatementClassOfStockAxis__us-gaap--SeriesBPreferredStockMember_zfrGG8MGSSxk" title="Preferred Stock, par value"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:PreferredStockParOrStatedValuePerShare" contextRef="AsOf2024-12-31_us-gaap_SeriesBPreferredStockMember" id="Fact000138" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="INF" unitRef="USDPShares"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:PreferredStockParOrStatedValuePerShare" contextRef="AsOf2023-12-31_us-gaap_SeriesBPreferredStockMember" id="Fact000140" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="INF" unitRef="USDPShares">0.00001</ix:nonFraction></ix:nonFraction></span></span> par value; <span id="xdx_905_eus-gaap--PreferredStockSharesAuthorized_iI_c20241231__us-gaap--StatementClassOfStockAxis__us-gaap--SeriesBPreferredStockMember_zy7K0a5pPHT1" title="Preferred stock, shares authorized"><span id="xdx_90D_eus-gaap--PreferredStockSharesAuthorized_iI_c20231231__us-gaap--StatementClassOfStockAxis__us-gaap--SeriesBPreferredStockMember_z9xGEjVirnP9" title="Preferred stock, shares authorized"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:PreferredStockSharesAuthorized" contextRef="AsOf2024-12-31_us-gaap_SeriesBPreferredStockMember" id="Fact000142" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="INF" unitRef="Shares"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:PreferredStockSharesAuthorized" contextRef="AsOf2023-12-31_us-gaap_SeriesBPreferredStockMember" id="Fact000144" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="INF" unitRef="Shares">500</ix:nonFraction></ix:nonFraction></span></span> shares authorized, <span id="xdx_907_eus-gaap--PreferredStockSharesIssued_iI_do_c20241231__us-gaap--StatementClassOfStockAxis__us-gaap--SeriesBPreferredStockMember_zHdRmfXXOyib" title="Preferred stock, shares issued"><span id="xdx_903_eus-gaap--PreferredStockSharesOutstanding_iI_do_c20241231__us-gaap--StatementClassOfStockAxis__us-gaap--SeriesBPreferredStockMember_zyIOzoS5sEe6" title="Preferred stock, shares outstanding"><span id="xdx_902_eus-gaap--PreferredStockSharesIssued_iI_do_c20231231__us-gaap--StatementClassOfStockAxis__us-gaap--SeriesBPreferredStockMember_z00qayVjj9xf" title="Preferred stock, shares issued"><span id="xdx_90F_eus-gaap--PreferredStockSharesOutstanding_iI_do_c20231231__us-gaap--StatementClassOfStockAxis__us-gaap--SeriesBPreferredStockMember_zIG5Pe87YTg2" title="Preferred stock, shares outstanding"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:PreferredStockSharesIssued" contextRef="AsOf2024-12-31_us-gaap_SeriesBPreferredStockMember" id="Fact000146" format="ixt-sec:numwordsen" decimals="INF" unitRef="Shares"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:PreferredStockSharesOutstanding" contextRef="AsOf2024-12-31_us-gaap_SeriesBPreferredStockMember" id="Fact000148" format="ixt-sec:numwordsen" decimals="INF" unitRef="Shares"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:PreferredStockSharesIssued" contextRef="AsOf2023-12-31_us-gaap_SeriesBPreferredStockMember" id="Fact000150" format="ixt-sec:numwordsen" decimals="INF" unitRef="Shares"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:PreferredStockSharesOutstanding" contextRef="AsOf2023-12-31_us-gaap_SeriesBPreferredStockMember" id="Fact000152" format="ixt-sec:numwordsen" decimals="INF" unitRef="Shares">no</ix:nonFraction></ix:nonFraction></ix:nonFraction></ix:nonFraction></span></span></span></span> shares issued and outstanding as of December 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023.</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl0135">-</span></td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl0136">-</span></td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
<tr id="xdx_400_eus-gaap--CommonStockValue_i02I_maSEz8JW_zw8DzZNZ6OQf" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="padding-left: 10pt">Common Stock, $<span id="xdx_90F_eus-gaap--CommonStockParOrStatedValuePerShare_iI_c20241231_zxxFjN6GgDH6" title="Common stock, par value"><span id="xdx_90B_eus-gaap--CommonStockParOrStatedValuePerShare_iI_c20231231_z2XrHHIQ8coi" title="Common stock, par value"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:CommonStockParOrStatedValuePerShare" contextRef="AsOf2024-12-31" id="Fact000157" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="INF" unitRef="USDPShares"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:CommonStockParOrStatedValuePerShare" contextRef="AsOf2023-12-31" id="Fact000159" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="INF" unitRef="USDPShares">0.00001</ix:nonFraction></ix:nonFraction></span></span> par value; <span id="xdx_90F_eus-gaap--CommonStockSharesAuthorized_iI_c20241231_zHUEqJivUQ97" title="Common stock, shares authorized"><span id="xdx_903_eus-gaap--CommonStockSharesAuthorized_iI_c20231231_zOLWOoh2rb19" title="Common stock, shares authorized"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:CommonStockSharesAuthorized" contextRef="AsOf2024-12-31" id="Fact000161" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="INF" unitRef="Shares"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:CommonStockSharesAuthorized" contextRef="AsOf2023-12-31" id="Fact000163" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="INF" unitRef="Shares">300,000,000</ix:nonFraction></ix:nonFraction></span></span> shares authorized; <span id="xdx_901_eus-gaap--CommonStockSharesIssued_iI_c20241231_zPSDgPQoXyee" title="Common stock, shares issued"><span id="xdx_90B_eus-gaap--CommonStockSharesOutstanding_iI_c20241231_zucmXo7iZqL5" title="Common stock, shares outstanding"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:CommonStockSharesIssued" contextRef="AsOf2024-12-31" id="Fact000165" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="INF" unitRef="Shares"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:CommonStockSharesOutstanding" contextRef="AsOf2024-12-31" id="Fact000167" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="INF" unitRef="Shares">2,808,071</ix:nonFraction></ix:nonFraction></span></span> and <span id="xdx_90A_eus-gaap--CommonStockSharesIssued_iI_c20231231_zZPeBiYTay1e" title="Common stock, shares issued"><span id="xdx_90D_eus-gaap--CommonStockSharesOutstanding_iI_c20231231_zMsO4ohMir2a" title="Common stock, shares outstanding"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:CommonStockSharesIssued" contextRef="AsOf2023-12-31" id="Fact000169" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="INF" unitRef="Shares"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:CommonStockSharesOutstanding" contextRef="AsOf2023-12-31" id="Fact000171" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="INF" unitRef="Shares">2,021,236</ix:nonFraction></ix:nonFraction></span></span> shares issued and outstanding as of December 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:CommonStockValue" contextRef="AsOf2024-12-31" id="Fact000154" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="0" unitRef="USD">28</ix:nonFraction></td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:CommonStockValue" contextRef="AsOf2023-12-31" id="Fact000155" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="0" unitRef="USD">20</ix:nonFraction></td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_40A_eus-gaap--AdditionalPaidInCapital_i02I_maSEz8JW_zHdeXZ5NWM4a" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="padding-left: 10pt; text-align: left">Additional Paid-In Capital</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:AdditionalPaidInCapital" contextRef="AsOf2024-12-31" id="Fact000173" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="0" unitRef="USD">55,962,337</ix:nonFraction></td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:AdditionalPaidInCapital" contextRef="AsOf2023-12-31" id="Fact000174" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="0" unitRef="USD">54,065,775</ix:nonFraction></td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
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    <td style="padding-left: 10pt; text-align: left">Accumulated Comprehensive Loss</td><td>&#160;</td>
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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><i>See
accompanying Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.</i></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>


<!-- Field: Page; Sequence: 54; Value: 1 -->
    <div style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; margin-bottom: 6pt"><table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; font-size: 10pt"><tr style="vertical-align: top; text-align: left"><td style="text-align: center; width: 100%">F-<!-- Field: Sequence; Type: Arabic; Name: PageNo -->3<!-- Field: /Sequence --></td></tr></table></div>
    <div style="break-before: page; margin-top: 6pt"><p style="margin: 0pt">&#160;</p></div>
    <!-- Field: /Page -->

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>IVEDA
SOLUTIONS, INC.</b></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b><span id="a_0028"></span>CONSOLIDATED
STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS</b></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>YEARS
ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2024 AND 2023</b></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

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    <td style="text-indent: 10pt; text-align: left">Loss from investment in Iveda Phils JV</td><td>&#160;</td>
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    <td style="text-indent: 20pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
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    <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1pt">BENEFIT (PROVISION) FOR INCOME TAXES</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
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  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_405_eus-gaap--NetIncomeLoss_iT_mtNILzUhT_maNILzlXA_zvW53qYeUpDa" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left; padding-bottom: 2.5pt">NET LOSS</td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left">$</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right">(<ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:NetIncomeLoss" contextRef="From2024-01-01to2024-12-31" id="Fact000248" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="0" sign="-" unitRef="USD">3,980,820</ix:nonFraction></td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left">)</td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt">&#160;</td>
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  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1pt">BASIC AND DILUTED LOSS PER SHARE</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
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  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="font-weight: bold">WEIGHTED AVERAGE SHARES</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right"><span id="xdx_908_eus-gaap--WeightedAverageNumberOfSharesOutstandingBasic_pid_c20240101__20241231_zUEGghmbNMt4" title="BASIC WEIGHTED AVERAGE SHARES" class="xdx_phnt_U3RhdGVtZW50IC0gQ29uc29saWRhdGVkIFN0YXRlbWVudHMgb2YgT3BlcmF0aW9ucwA_"><span id="xdx_901_eus-gaap--WeightedAverageNumberOfDilutedSharesOutstanding_pid_c20240101__20241231_zlQU4mIx2p51" title="DILUTED WEIGHTED AVERAGE SHARES" class="xdx_phnt_U3RhdGVtZW50IC0gQ29uc29saWRhdGVkIFN0YXRlbWVudHMgb2YgT3BlcmF0aW9ucwA_"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:WeightedAverageNumberOfSharesOutstandingBasic" contextRef="From2024-01-01to2024-12-31" id="Fact000259" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="INF" unitRef="Shares"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:WeightedAverageNumberOfDilutedSharesOutstanding" contextRef="From2024-01-01to2024-12-31" id="Fact000261" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="INF" unitRef="Shares">2,203,893</ix:nonFraction></ix:nonFraction></span></span></td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right"><span id="xdx_908_eus-gaap--WeightedAverageNumberOfSharesOutstandingBasic_pid_c20230101__20231231_znfw2bYkKQ2f" title="BASIC WEIGHTED AVERAGE SHARES" class="xdx_phnt_U3RhdGVtZW50IC0gQ29uc29saWRhdGVkIFN0YXRlbWVudHMgb2YgT3BlcmF0aW9ucwA_"><span id="xdx_906_eus-gaap--WeightedAverageNumberOfDilutedSharesOutstanding_pid_c20230101__20231231_zd0965WO3jRf" title="DILUTED WEIGHTED AVERAGE SHARES" class="xdx_phnt_U3RhdGVtZW50IC0gQ29uc29saWRhdGVkIFN0YXRlbWVudHMgb2YgT3BlcmF0aW9ucwA_"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:WeightedAverageNumberOfSharesOutstandingBasic" contextRef="From2023-01-012023-12-31" id="Fact000263" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="INF" unitRef="Shares"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:WeightedAverageNumberOfDilutedSharesOutstanding" contextRef="From2023-01-012023-12-31" id="Fact000265" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="INF" unitRef="Shares">1,996,678</ix:nonFraction></ix:nonFraction></span></span></td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><i>See
accompanying Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.</i></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>


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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>COMPREHENSIVE
LOSS</b></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" id="xdx_30A_113_zO9EewagrXxa" summary="xdx: Statement - Comprehensive Loss" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%">
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    <td style="text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
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  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: center"/><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: center">For the Year ended<br/> December 31,<br/> 2024</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: center"><p style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0">For the Year ended<br/> December 31,<br/> 2023</p>
                                                                               <p style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0">(Restated)</p></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_402_eus-gaap--NetIncomeLoss_maCINOTzlgM_zs4zoaL9mbFg" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="width: 62%; text-align: left">Net Loss </td><td style="width: 2%">&#160;</td>
    <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left">$</td><td style="width: 15%; text-align: right">(<ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:NetIncomeLoss" contextRef="From2024-01-01to2024-12-31" id="Fact000267" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="0" sign="-" unitRef="USD">3,980,820</ix:nonFraction></td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left">)</td><td style="width: 2%">&#160;</td>
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  <tr id="xdx_401_eus-gaap--OtherComprehensiveIncomeLossBeforeTaxPeriodIncreaseDecreaseAbstract_iB_ziUKJVgf7r4j" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="text-align: left">Other Comprehensive Loss</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_409_eus-gaap--OtherComprehensiveIncomeLossForeignCurrencyTransactionAndTranslationAdjustmentNetOfTax_maCINOTzlgM_zMERWnpS3Vk2" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="padding-left: 10pt; text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1pt"> Foreign Currency Translation, Net of Tax</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right">(<ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:OtherComprehensiveIncomeLossForeignCurrencyTransactionAndTranslationAdjustmentNetOfTax" contextRef="From2024-01-01to2024-12-31" id="Fact000273" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="0" sign="-" unitRef="USD">58,792</ix:nonFraction></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">)</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right">(<ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:OtherComprehensiveIncomeLossForeignCurrencyTransactionAndTranslationAdjustmentNetOfTax" contextRef="From2023-01-012023-12-31" id="Fact000274" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="0" sign="-" unitRef="USD">775</ix:nonFraction></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">)</td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_40A_eus-gaap--ComprehensiveIncomeNetOfTax_iT_mtCINOTzlgM_zoB468epwNMk" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; padding-left: 10pt; text-align: left">Comprehensive Loss</td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left">$</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right">(<ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:ComprehensiveIncomeNetOfTax" contextRef="From2024-01-01to2024-12-31" id="Fact000276" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="0" sign="-" unitRef="USD">4,039,612</ix:nonFraction></td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left">)</td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left">$</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right">(<ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:ComprehensiveIncomeNetOfTax" contextRef="From2023-01-012023-12-31" id="Fact000277" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="0" sign="-" unitRef="USD">4,143,441</ix:nonFraction></td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left">)</td></tr>
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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><i>See
accompanying Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements<b>.</b></i></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"></span></p>

<!-- Field: Page; Sequence: 56; Value: 1 -->
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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>




<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b></b></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>IVEDA
SOLUTIONS, INC.</b></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b><span id="a_0029"></span>CONDENSED
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF STOCKHOLDERS&#8217; EQUITY</b></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" summary="xdx: Statement - Condensed Consolidated Statements of Stockholders' Equity" id="xdx_307_114_zJ1MsKuXpwMb" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
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    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
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    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
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    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
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    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
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    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
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  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom">
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    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
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    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
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    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
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    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
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    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="2" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center">&#160;</td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
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    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
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    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="2" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Stock</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
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    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
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    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="2" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center">&#160;</td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
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    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="2" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Stockholders&#8217;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Stock</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Amount</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Capital</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Deficit</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center">&#160;</td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(Loss)</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
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    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</td>
    <td colspan="2" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: center">&#160;</td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</td>
    <td colspan="2" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: center">&#160;</td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</td>
    <td colspan="2" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: center">&#160;</td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</td>
    <td colspan="2" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: center">&#160;</td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</td>
    <td colspan="2" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: center">&#160;</td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</td>
    <td colspan="2" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: center">&#160;</td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</td>
    <td colspan="2" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: center">&#160;</td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_43F_c20230101__20231231__srt--RestatementAxis__srt--ScenarioPreviouslyReportedMember_eus-gaap--StockholdersEquityIncludingPortionAttributableToNoncontrollingInterest_iS_z8BAufULAZQk" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt"><b>BALANCE AT December 31, 2022, as originally reported</b></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt"><b>&#160;</b></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><b>&#160;</b></td>
    <td title="BALANCE, shares" id="xdx_98A_eus-gaap--SharesOutstanding_iS_pid_c20230101__20231231__us-gaap--StatementEquityComponentsAxis__us-gaap--CommonStockMember__srt--RestatementAxis__srt--ScenarioPreviouslyReportedMember_zLt2xXhSbTWk" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><b><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:SharesOutstanding" contextRef="AsOf2022-12-31_srt_ScenarioPreviouslyReportedMember_us-gaap_CommonStockMember" id="Fact000285" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="INF" unitRef="Shares">1,883,342</ix:nonFraction></b></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt"><b>&#160;</b></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt"><b>&#160;</b></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><b>&#160;</b></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><b><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:StockholdersEquityIncludingPortionAttributableToNoncontrollingInterest" contextRef="AsOf2022-12-31_srt_ScenarioPreviouslyReportedMember_us-gaap_CommonStockMember" id="Fact000279" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="0" unitRef="USD">19</ix:nonFraction></b></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt"><b>&#160;</b></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt"><b>&#160;</b></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><b>&#160;</b></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><b><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:StockholdersEquityIncludingPortionAttributableToNoncontrollingInterest" contextRef="AsOf2022-12-31_srt_ScenarioPreviouslyReportedMember_us-gaap_AdditionalPaidInCapitalMember" id="Fact000280" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="0" unitRef="USD">52,497,045</ix:nonFraction></b></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt"><b>&#160;</b></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt"><b>&#160;</b></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><b>$</b></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><b>(<ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:StockholdersEquityIncludingPortionAttributableToNoncontrollingInterest" contextRef="AsOf2022-12-31_srt_ScenarioPreviouslyReportedMember_us-gaap_RetainedEarningsMember" id="Fact000281" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="0" sign="-" unitRef="USD">44,706,671</ix:nonFraction></b></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt"><b>)</b></td>
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    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><b>&#160;</b></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right">&#160;</td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt"><b>&#160;</b></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt"><b>&#160;</b></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><b>$</b></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><b>(<ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:StockholdersEquityIncludingPortionAttributableToNoncontrollingInterest" contextRef="AsOf2022-12-31_srt_ScenarioPreviouslyReportedMember_us-gaap_AccumulatedOtherComprehensiveIncomeMember" id="Fact000282" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="0" sign="-" unitRef="USD">220,643</ix:nonFraction></b></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt"><b>)</b></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt"><b>&#160;</b></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><b>$</b></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><b><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:StockholdersEquityIncludingPortionAttributableToNoncontrollingInterest" contextRef="AsOf2022-12-31_srt_ScenarioPreviouslyReportedMember" id="Fact000283" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="0" unitRef="USD">7,569,750</ix:nonFraction></b></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt"><b>&#160;</b></td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_402_ecustom--DeferredIncomeTaxEffectsToEquityPriorPeriodAdjustment_iN_di_zw4J70kYqSC7" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Prior Period Adjustments</td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</td>
    <td title="BALANCE, shares" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="display: none; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">-</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="display: none; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl0287">-</span></span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</td>
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    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</td>
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    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
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    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
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    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>$</b></span></td>
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    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>&#160;</b></span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>$</b></span></td>
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    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right">&#160;</td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>&#160;</b></span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>&#160;</b></span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>$</b></span></td>
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    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>&#160;</b></span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>$</b></span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:StockholdersEquityIncludingPortionAttributableToNoncontrollingInterest" contextRef="AsOf2023-12-31_us-gaap_CommonStockMember" id="Fact000349" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="0" unitRef="USD">20</ix:nonFraction></b></span></td>
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    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>&#160;</b></span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>$</b></span></td>
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    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>&#160;</b></span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>$</b></span></td>
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    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt"/>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"/>
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    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>$</b></span></td>
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    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right">&#160;</td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</td>
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    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right">&#160;</td>
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    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</td>
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    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</td>
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    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right">&#160;</td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right">&#160;</td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right">&#160;</td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</td></tr>
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  <tr id="xdx_405_eus-gaap--NetIncomeLoss_zaBa384Hrgui" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Net Loss</span></td>
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    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
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    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
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    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
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    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>&#160;</b></span></td>
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    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
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    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
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    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right">&#160;</td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(<ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:OtherComprehensiveIncomeLossNetOfTax" contextRef="From2024-01-012024-12-31_us-gaap_AccumulatedOtherComprehensiveIncomeMember" id="Fact000396" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="0" sign="-" unitRef="USD">58,791</ix:nonFraction>)</span></td>
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    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(<ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:OtherComprehensiveIncomeLossNetOfTax" contextRef="From2024-01-01to2024-12-31" id="Fact000397" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="0" sign="-" unitRef="USD">58,791</ix:nonFraction>)</span></td>
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  <tr id="xdx_43A_c20240101__20241231_eus-gaap--StockholdersEquityIncludingPortionAttributableToNoncontrollingInterest_iE_zG838G8xEHVj" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>BALANCE AT December 31, 2024 </b></span></td>
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    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>&#160;</b></span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>$</b></span></td>
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    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>&#160;</b></span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>$</b></span></td>
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    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>&#160;</b></span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>$</b></span></td>
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    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>)</b></span></td>
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    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>&#160;</b></span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>&#160;</b></span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>&#160;</b></span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>$</b></span></td>
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    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>)</b></span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>&#160;</b></span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>$</b></span></td>
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    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>&#160;</b></span></td></tr>
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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><i>&#160;</i></span></p>

<table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><i>See
accompanying Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements</i></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>


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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>IVEDA
SOLUTIONS, INC.</b></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b><span id="a_0030"></span>CONSOLIDATED
STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS</b></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>DECEMBER
31, 2024 AND 2023</b></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

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  <tr id="xdx_40A_eus-gaap--NetCashProvidedByUsedInFinancingActivities_i01T_maCCERCz9Gy_mtNCPBUz7q9_zzqVhmYPbLL7" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
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  <tr id="xdx_407_eus-gaap--EffectOfExchangeRateOnCashCashEquivalentsRestrictedCashAndRestrictedCashEquivalentsIncludingDisposalGroupAndDiscontinuedOperations_maCCERCz9Gy_zTzAHD3SA7qe" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left">EFFECT OF EXCHANGE RATE CHANGES ON CASH</td><td>&#160;</td>
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  <tr id="xdx_408_eus-gaap--CashCashEquivalentsRestrictedCashAndRestrictedCashEquivalentsPeriodIncreaseDecreaseIncludingExchangeRateEffect_iT_mtCCERCz9Gy_zDdRRvp0OKAb" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left">NET INCREASE (DECREASE) IN CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS</td><td>&#160;</td>
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  <tr id="xdx_409_eus-gaap--CashCashEquivalentsRestrictedCashAndRestrictedCashEquivalentsIncludingDisposalGroupAndDiscontinuedOperations_iS_zgTxORPnRek9" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
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  <tr id="xdx_401_eus-gaap--CashCashEquivalentsRestrictedCashAndRestrictedCashEquivalentsIncludingDisposalGroupAndDiscontinuedOperations_iE_ztx0Ft2u9XA4" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
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  </table>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><i>See
accompanying Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.</i></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>


<!-- Field: Page; Sequence: 58; Value: 1 -->
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    <div style="break-before: page; margin-top: 6pt"><p style="margin: 0pt">&#160;</p></div>
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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"></span></p>
<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>IVEDA
SOLUTIONS, INC.</b></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>CONSOLIDATED
STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS - CONTINUED</b></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>FOR
THE YEARS ENDING DECEMBER 31, 2024 AND 2023</b></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%">
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    <td colspan="2" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center">&#160;</td><td style="font-weight: bold">&#160;</td></tr>
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    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><i>See
accompanying Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.</i></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>


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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>IVEDA
SOLUTIONS, INC.</b></span></p>

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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b><span id="a_0034"></span>NOTES
TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS</b></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center"><b></b></p>

<p style="text-align: center; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"><b>AS OF DECEMBER 31, 2024 AND 2023</b></p>
<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<ix:nonNumeric contextRef="From2024-01-01to2024-12-31" escape="true" id="Fact000513" name="us-gaap:SignificantAccountingPoliciesTextBlock"><p id="xdx_80D_eus-gaap--SignificantAccountingPoliciesTextBlock_zV1GXTpa4R2h" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>NOTE
1 <span><span id="xdx_82C_zV3vufKDkUX4">SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES</span></span></b></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify">Iveda Solutions, Inc. (&#8220;Iveda&#8221;, or the &#8220;Company&#8221;) was incorporated in Nevada as Charmed Homes, Inc. in June 2006.
On October 15, 2009, IntelaSight, d/b/a Iveda, a Washington corporation, became a wholly owned subsidiary of the Company. In December
2010, IntelaSight merged with and into the Company and the Company became the surviving company. Iveda offered the first cloud hosting
of streaming and recorded video from security cameras for its customers and real-time remote surveillance service utilizing intervention
specialists to watch our customers&#8217; cameras in real time, 24/7. Iveda offers smart city technologies globally, offering advanced
AI-driven video surveillance solutions and a robust suite of Internet of Things (IoT) platforms that power digital transformation for
cities and commercial clients worldwide.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p>

<ix:nonNumeric contextRef="From2024-01-01to2024-12-31" escape="true" id="Fact000515" name="us-gaap:ConsolidationPolicyTextBlock"><p id="xdx_84B_eus-gaap--ConsolidationPolicyTextBlock_zYDDrMxFe3aj" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b><span style="text-decoration: underline"><span id="xdx_864_zgKN078iu6lf">Consolidation</span></span></b></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Effective
April 30, 2011, we completed our acquisition of Sole Vision Technologies (fka MEGAsys and dba Iveda Taiwan), a company based in Taiwan.
We consolidate our financial statements with the financial statements of Iveda Taiwan. All intercompany balances and transactions have
been eliminated in consolidation.</span></p>

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</ix:nonNumeric><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="From2024-01-01to2024-12-31" escape="true" id="Fact000517" name="IVDA:GoingConcernPolicyTextBlock"><p id="xdx_84A_ecustom--GoingConcernPolicyTextBlock_zShAgHbnStOd" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b><span style="text-decoration: underline">Going
Concern</span></b></span></p>
<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
accompanying consolidated financial statements have been prepared in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the
United States of America, which contemplates the continuation of the Company as a going concern. The Company experienced net losses and
negative operating cash flows during the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023. These factors raise substantial doubt about the Company&#8217;s
ability to continue as a going concern.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">At
December 31, 2024, the Company had cash on hand in the amount of $<span id="xdx_900_eus-gaap--Cash_iI_c20241231_zNHAWgF151v4" title="Cash on hand"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:Cash" contextRef="AsOf2024-12-31" id="Fact000519" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="0" unitRef="USD">2,658,300</ix:nonFraction></span>. Management does not expect that its current liquidity
will support operations from a date of twelve months from the issuance of this financial statement. As a result, management has concluded
that there is substantial doubt about the Company&#8217;s ability to continue as a going concern. The accompanying consolidated financial
statements do not include any adjustments relating to the recoverability and classification of recorded assets, or the amounts and classification
of liabilities that might be necessary in the event the company cannot continue as a going concern.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
continuation of the Company as a going concern is dependent upon its ability to obtain necessary debt or equity financing to continue
operations until it begins generating positive cash flow. No assurance can be given that any future financing will be available or, if
available, that it will be on terms that are satisfactory to the Company. Even if the Company is able to obtain additional financing,
it may contain undue restrictions on our operations in the case of debt financing, or cause substantial dilution for our stockholders,
in case of equity financing.</span></p>
<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"></span></p>

</ix:nonNumeric><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="From2024-01-01to2024-12-31" escape="true" id="Fact000521" name="us-gaap:ImpairmentOrDisposalOfLongLivedAssetsPolicyTextBlock"><p id="xdx_84C_eus-gaap--ImpairmentOrDisposalOfLongLivedAssetsPolicyTextBlock_zsiXg14kbshb" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

</ix:nonNumeric><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="From2024-01-01to2024-12-31" escape="true" id="Fact000523" name="us-gaap:BasisOfAccountingPolicyPolicyTextBlock"><p id="xdx_846_eus-gaap--BasisOfAccountingPolicyPolicyTextBlock_zhRpjLjwFsha" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b><span style="text-decoration: underline"><span id="xdx_86B_zxyfPiS6TaK7">Basis
of Accounting</span></span></b></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Our
consolidated financial statements have been prepared on the accrual basis of accounting in conformity with accounting principles generally
accepted in the United States of America.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

</ix:nonNumeric><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="From2024-01-01to2024-12-31" escape="true" id="Fact000525" name="us-gaap:UseOfEstimates"><p id="xdx_849_eus-gaap--UseOfEstimates_zZDe8llPXhV4" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b><span style="text-decoration: underline"><span id="xdx_868_zHWIbrach7kg">Use
of Estimates</span></span></b></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
preparation of financial statements in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America
requires us to make estimates and assumptions that affect the amounts reported in the financial statements and accompanying notes. </span>Accordingly,
actual results could differ from those estimates. On an ongoing basis, we evaluate our estimates, including those related to
accounts receivable, deferred cost of revenue, share-based compensation, deferred income taxes, provisions for losses, and inventory
reserve, among other items.</p>
<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
Company applies the provisions of Accounting Standards Codification (ASC) 606-10, <i>Revenue from Contracts with Customers</i>, and all
related appropriate guidance. The Company recognizes revenue under the core principle to depict the transfer of control to its customers
in an amount reflecting the consideration to which it expects to be entitled. In order to achieve that core principle, the Company applies
the following five-step approach: (1) identify the contract with a customer, (2) identify the performance obligations in the contract,
(3) determine the transaction price, (4) allocate the transaction price to the performance obligations in the contract, and (5) recognize
revenue when a performance obligation is satisfied.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
Company considers customer purchase orders, which in some cases are governed by master sales agreements, to be the contracts with
the customer. In situations where sales are to a distributor, the Company had concluded its contracts are with the distributor as
the Company holds a contract bearing enforceable rights and obligations only with the distributor. As part of its consideration for
the contract, the Company evaluates certain factors including the customers&#8217; ability to pay (or credit risk). For each
contract, the Company considers the promise to transfer products, each of which is distinct, to be the identified performance
obligations. In determining the transaction price, the Company evaluates whether the price is subject to refund or adjustment to
determine the net consideration to which it expects to be entitled. As the Company&#8217;s standard payment terms are less than one
year, it has elected the practical expedient under ASC 606-10-32-18 to not assess whether a contract has a significant financing
component. The Company allocates the transaction price to each distinct product based on its relative standalone selling price. The
product price as specified on the purchase order is considered the standalone selling price as it is an observable input which
depicts the price as if sold to a similar customer in similar circumstances. Revenue is recognized when control of the product is
transferred to the customer (<i>i.e.</i>, when the Company&#8217;s performance obligations is satisfied), which typically occurs at
shipment unless installation is required as with certain of our Taiwan sales &#8211; see below. Further in determining whether control has been transferred, the Company considers if there is a present right to payment
and legal title, along with risks and rewards of ownership having transferred to the customer. Customers do not have a right to
return the product other than for warranty reasons for which they would only receive repair services or replacement product. The
Company has also elected the practical expedient under ASC 340-40-25-4 to expense commissions for product sales when incurred as the
amortization period of the commission asset the Company would have otherwise recognized is less than one year.</span></p>

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<ix:exclude><!-- Field: Page; Sequence: 60; Value: 1 -->
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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
Company sells its products and services primarily to municipalities and commercial customers in the following manner:</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
    majority of Iveda Taiwan sales are project sales to Taiwan customers and are made direct to the end customer (typically a municipality
    or a commercial customer) through its sales force, which is composed of its employees. Revenue is recorded when the equipment is
    shipped to the end customer unless the contract requires the inventory to be installed before it can be billed and charged for service
    when installation or maintenance work is performed. If inventory is shipped to the customer before it is installed the inventory
    is reclassified to Deferred Cost of Goods.</span></td></tr>
  </table>
<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Revenue
for product and software sales without installation is recorded when the product and/or software has been shipped to the customer. Revenue
from fixed-price equipment installation contracts, if any, is recognized as the contracts allow for invoicing at various milestones.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">General
and administrative costs are charged to expense as incurred. Provisions for estimated losses on uncompleted contracts are made in the
period in which such losses are determined. Changes in job performance, job conditions, and estimated profitability may result in revisions
to costs and income and are recognized in the period in which the revisions are determined. Changes in estimated job profitability resulting
from job performance, job conditions, contract penalty provisions, claims, change orders, and settlements are accounted for as changes
in estimates in the current period. Profit incentives are included in revenue when their realization is deemed earned by the contract.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
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    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</span></td>
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    products from the Company at a wholesale price and sell to the end user (typically municipalities or a commercial customer) at a
    retail price. The distributor retains the margin as its compensation for its role in the transaction. The distributor or integrator
    generally maintains product inventory or product is drop shipped from the manufacturer, customer receivables and all related risks
    and rewards of ownership. Accordingly, upon application of steps one through five above, revenue is recorded when the product is
    shipped to the distributor or as directed by the distributor consistent with the terms of the distribution agreement.</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
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    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
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    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</span></p>
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US also sells software that include licensing fees that are paid either monthly or yearly. The revenues are recorded monthly, if the
license is paid yearly the revenue will be recorded as deferred revenue and amortized on a straight-line basis over the respective time
period.</span></p></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

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source and the period over period percentage change, for the period presented:</p>
<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;<span id="xdx_8B6_zz9Kztis5NT" style="display: none">Schedule
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<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 60%; margin-left: 0.5in">
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    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:RevenueFromContractWithCustomerExcludingAssessedTax" contextRef="From2024-01-01to2024-12-31" id="Fact000556" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="0" unitRef="USD">6,020,639</ix:nonFraction></span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:RevenueFromContractWithCustomerExcludingAssessedTax" contextRef="From2023-01-012023-12-31" id="Fact000557" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="0" unitRef="USD">6,495,865</ix:nonFraction></span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td id="xdx_988_ecustom--ChangeInRevenuePercentage_pid_dp_uPure_c20240101__20241231_ztgUMpLQNpXh" title="Change in sales, percentage" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(<ix:nonFraction name="IVDA:ChangeInRevenuePercentage" contextRef="From2024-01-01to2024-12-31" id="Fact000559" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="INF" scale="-2" sign="-" unitRef="Pure">7</ix:nonFraction></span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">%)</span></td></tr>
  </table>

</ix:nonNumeric><p id="xdx_8AA_zC3vvvfqUvlg" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify">The Company sells and installs video
surveillance systems comprised of various components of hardware and software.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

</ix:nonNumeric><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="From2024-01-01to2024-12-31" escape="true" id="Fact000561" name="us-gaap:ComprehensiveIncomePolicyPolicyTextBlock"><p id="xdx_84E_eus-gaap--ComprehensiveIncomePolicyPolicyTextBlock_zvBM4hFJtbja" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b><span style="text-decoration: underline"><span id="xdx_86A_z3YDLQ8xdc31">Comprehensive
Loss</span></span></b></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Comprehensive
loss is defined to include all changes in equity except those resulting from investments by owners and distributions to owners. Among
other disclosures, all items that are required to be recognized under current accounting standards as components of comprehensive income
are required to be reported in a financial statement that is presented with the same prominence as other financial statements. Our current
component of other comprehensive income is the foreign currency translation adjustment.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

</ix:nonNumeric><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="From2024-01-01to2024-12-31" escape="true" id="Fact000563" name="us-gaap:ConcentrationRiskCreditRisk"><p id="xdx_849_eus-gaap--ConcentrationRiskCreditRisk_zvq8WOgpnbQ" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b><span style="text-decoration: underline"><span id="xdx_863_zYwDuDCNxplb">Concentrations</span></span></b></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Financial
instruments, which potentially subject us to concentrations of credit risk, consist principally of cash and cash equivalents and trade
accounts receivable.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Substantially
all cash is deposited in three financial institutions, two in the United States and one in Taiwan. At times, amounts on deposit in the
United States may be in excess of the FDIC insurance limit. Deposits in Taiwan financial institutions are insured by CDIC (Central Deposit
Insurance Corporation) with maximum coverage of NTD <span id="xdx_907_eus-gaap--CashFDICInsuredAmount_iI_pn6n6_uNTD_c20241231_zf2ypjpe4YVa"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:CashFDICInsuredAmount" contextRef="AsOf2024-12-31" id="Fact000564" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-6" scale="6" unitRef="NTD">3</ix:nonFraction></span> million. At times, amounts on deposit in Taiwan may be in excess of the CDIC Insurance
limit.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>


<ix:exclude><!-- Field: Page; Sequence: 61; Value: 1 -->
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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Revenue
from five customers out of approximately 70 total customers represented approximately <span id="xdx_90F_ecustom--ConcentrationRiskPercentage_dp_uPure_c20240101__20241231__us-gaap--ConcentrationRiskByBenchmarkAxis__us-gaap--SalesRevenueNetMember__us-gaap--ConcentrationRiskByTypeAxis__us-gaap--CustomerConcentrationRiskMember__srt--MajorCustomersAxis__custom--FiveCustomersMember_zpCB5o8WsHCc" title="Concentration risk, percentage"><ix:nonFraction name="IVDA:ConcentrationRiskPercentage" contextRef="From2024-01-012024-12-31_us-gaap_SalesRevenueNetMember_us-gaap_CustomerConcentrationRiskMember_custom_FiveCustomersMember" id="Fact000566" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="INF" scale="-2" unitRef="Pure">67</ix:nonFraction></span>% of total revenue for the year ended December
31, 2024. These specific customers were 1) Chunghwa Telecom with <span id="xdx_90A_ecustom--ConcentrationRiskPercentage_dp_uPure_c20240101__20241231__us-gaap--ConcentrationRiskByBenchmarkAxis__us-gaap--SalesRevenueNetMember__us-gaap--ConcentrationRiskByTypeAxis__us-gaap--CustomerConcentrationRiskMember__srt--MajorCustomersAxis__custom--ChunghwaTelecomMember_zjcps7QcNpX4" title="Concentration risk, percentage"><ix:nonFraction name="IVDA:ConcentrationRiskPercentage" contextRef="From2024-01-012024-12-31_us-gaap_SalesRevenueNetMember_us-gaap_CustomerConcentrationRiskMember_custom_ChunghwaTelecomMember" id="Fact000568" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="INF" scale="-2" unitRef="Pure">18</ix:nonFraction></span>% 2) SECURITY INTEGRATION &amp; CONSULTANT TECHNOLOGY CO., LTD. with
<span id="xdx_90A_ecustom--ConcentrationRiskPercentage_dp_uPure_c20240101__20241231__us-gaap--ConcentrationRiskByBenchmarkAxis__us-gaap--SalesRevenueNetMember__us-gaap--ConcentrationRiskByTypeAxis__us-gaap--CustomerConcentrationRiskMember__srt--MajorCustomersAxis__custom--SecurityIntegrationAndConsultantTechnologyCoLtdMember_znTGVbI63CD5" title="Concentration risk, percentage"><ix:nonFraction name="IVDA:ConcentrationRiskPercentage" contextRef="From2024-01-012024-12-31_us-gaap_SalesRevenueNetMember_us-gaap_CustomerConcentrationRiskMember_custom_SecurityIntegrationAndConsultantTechnologyCoLtdMember" id="Fact000570" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="INF" scale="-2" unitRef="Pure">16</ix:nonFraction></span>%, 3) Chicony Power Technology Co Ltd with <span id="xdx_90E_ecustom--ConcentrationRiskPercentage_dp_uPure_c20240101__20241231__us-gaap--ConcentrationRiskByBenchmarkAxis__us-gaap--SalesRevenueNetMember__us-gaap--ConcentrationRiskByTypeAxis__us-gaap--CustomerConcentrationRiskMember__srt--MajorCustomersAxis__custom--ChiconyPowerTechnologyCoLtdMember_zYsUgMSRR5k" title="Concentration risk, percentage"><ix:nonFraction name="IVDA:ConcentrationRiskPercentage" contextRef="From2024-01-012024-12-31_us-gaap_SalesRevenueNetMember_us-gaap_CustomerConcentrationRiskMember_custom_ChiconyPowerTechnologyCoLtdMember" id="Fact000572" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="INF" scale="-2" unitRef="Pure">11</ix:nonFraction></span>% and 4) HWACOM SYSTEMS INC. with <span id="xdx_900_ecustom--ConcentrationRiskPercentage_dp_uPure_c20240101__20241231__us-gaap--ConcentrationRiskByBenchmarkAxis__us-gaap--SalesRevenueNetMember__us-gaap--ConcentrationRiskByTypeAxis__us-gaap--CustomerConcentrationRiskMember__srt--MajorCustomersAxis__custom--HWACOMSYSTEMSINCMember_zcflv6WSArVh" title="Concentration risk, percentage"><ix:nonFraction name="IVDA:ConcentrationRiskPercentage" contextRef="From2024-01-012024-12-31_us-gaap_SalesRevenueNetMember_us-gaap_CustomerConcentrationRiskMember_custom_HWACOMSYSTEMSINCMember" id="Fact000574" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="INF" scale="-2" unitRef="Pure">10</ix:nonFraction></span>%, (all Taiwan companies) and Claro Enterprise Solutions
(a US company) with <span id="xdx_90D_ecustom--ConcentrationRiskPercentage_dp_uPure_c20240101__20241231__us-gaap--ConcentrationRiskByBenchmarkAxis__us-gaap--SalesRevenueNetMember__us-gaap--ConcentrationRiskByTypeAxis__us-gaap--CustomerConcentrationRiskMember__srt--MajorCustomersAxis__custom--ClaroEnterpriseSolutionsMember_zcq39d9A17ic" title="Concentration risk, percentage"><ix:nonFraction name="IVDA:ConcentrationRiskPercentage" contextRef="From2024-01-012024-12-31_us-gaap_SalesRevenueNetMember_us-gaap_CustomerConcentrationRiskMember_custom_ClaroEnterpriseSolutionsMember" id="Fact000576" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="INF" scale="-2" unitRef="Pure">12</ix:nonFraction></span>%. Revenue from two customers out of 65 total customers represented approximately <span id="xdx_90D_ecustom--ConcentrationRiskPercentage_dp_uPure_c20230101__20231231__us-gaap--ConcentrationRiskByBenchmarkAxis__us-gaap--SalesRevenueNetMember__us-gaap--ConcentrationRiskByTypeAxis__us-gaap--CustomerConcentrationRiskMember__srt--MajorCustomersAxis__custom--TwoCustomersMember_zdcbcL54wMMi" title="Concentration risk, percentage"><ix:nonFraction name="IVDA:ConcentrationRiskPercentage" contextRef="From2023-01-012023-12-31_us-gaap_SalesRevenueNetMember_us-gaap_CustomerConcentrationRiskMember_custom_TwoCustomersMember" id="Fact000578" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="INF" scale="-2" unitRef="Pure">48</ix:nonFraction></span>% of total revenue for the
year ended December 31, 2023. These specific customers were 1) YOU MING HUEI CO. LTD with <span id="xdx_900_ecustom--ConcentrationRiskPercentage_pid_dp_uPure_c20230101__20231231__us-gaap--ConcentrationRiskByBenchmarkAxis__us-gaap--SalesRevenueNetMember__us-gaap--ConcentrationRiskByTypeAxis__us-gaap--CustomerConcentrationRiskMember__dei--LegalEntityAxis__custom--YouMingHueiCoLtdMember_zmuFbIKhy85" title="Concentration risk, percentage"><ix:nonFraction name="IVDA:ConcentrationRiskPercentage" contextRef="From2023-01-012023-12-31_us-gaap_SalesRevenueNetMember_us-gaap_CustomerConcentrationRiskMember_custom_YouMingHueiCoLtdMember" id="Fact000580" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="INF" scale="-2" unitRef="Pure">25</ix:nonFraction></span>%, 2) Chicony Power Technology Co Ltd with
<span id="xdx_90F_ecustom--ConcentrationRiskPercentage_dp_uPure_c20230101__20231231__us-gaap--ConcentrationRiskByBenchmarkAxis__us-gaap--SalesRevenueNetMember__us-gaap--ConcentrationRiskByTypeAxis__us-gaap--CustomerConcentrationRiskMember__dei--LegalEntityAxis__custom--ChiconyPowerTechnologyMember_zTv5NGWcZbPi" title="Concentration risk, percentage"><ix:nonFraction name="IVDA:ConcentrationRiskPercentage" contextRef="From2023-01-012023-12-31_us-gaap_SalesRevenueNetMember_us-gaap_CustomerConcentrationRiskMember_custom_ChiconyPowerTechnologyMember" id="Fact000582" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="INF" scale="-2" unitRef="Pure">23</ix:nonFraction></span>%, (both Taiwan companies). Total number of customers were 70 and 65, for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><span id="xdx_909_ecustom--ConcentrationRiskPercentage_pid_dp_uPure_c20240101__20241231__us-gaap--ConcentrationRiskByBenchmarkAxis__us-gaap--AccountsReceivableMember__us-gaap--ConcentrationRiskByTypeAxis__us-gaap--CustomerConcentrationRiskMember__srt--MajorCustomersAxis__custom--OneCustomersMember_zGr28hJtcSpi" title="Concentration risk, percentage"><ix:nonFraction name="IVDA:ConcentrationRiskPercentage" contextRef="From2024-01-012024-12-31_us-gaap_AccountsReceivableMember_us-gaap_CustomerConcentrationRiskMember_custom_OneCustomersMember" id="Fact000584" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="INF" scale="-2" unitRef="Pure">52</ix:nonFraction></span>%
of the total accounts receivable at December 31, 2024 was from one customer out of a total of 42 customer accounts receivable accounts.
This specific customer was Chunghwa Telecom. Our accounts receivables are unsecured, and we are at risk to the extent such amounts become
uncollectible. Although we perform periodic evaluations of our customers&#8217; credit and financial condition, we do not require collateral
in exchange for our products and services provided on credit. These customers are longtime customers, and we don&#8217;t expect any problem
with the collectability of these accounts receivable.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">No
other customers represented greater than <span id="xdx_90B_ecustom--ConcentrationRiskPercentage_dp_uPure_c20240101__20241231__us-gaap--ConcentrationRiskByBenchmarkAxis__us-gaap--SalesRevenueNetMember__us-gaap--ConcentrationRiskByTypeAxis__us-gaap--CustomerConcentrationRiskMember__srt--MajorCustomersAxis__custom--OtherCustomersMember_zZ9n0MVTjBJf" title="Percentage of concentration risk"><span id="xdx_908_ecustom--ConcentrationRiskPercentage_dp_uPure_c20230101__20231231__us-gaap--ConcentrationRiskByBenchmarkAxis__us-gaap--SalesRevenueNetMember__us-gaap--ConcentrationRiskByTypeAxis__us-gaap--CustomerConcentrationRiskMember__srt--MajorCustomersAxis__custom--OtherCustomersMember_zo2ITHKeQK1b" title="Percentage of concentration risk"><ix:nonFraction name="IVDA:ConcentrationRiskPercentage" contextRef="From2024-01-012024-12-31_us-gaap_SalesRevenueNetMember_us-gaap_CustomerConcentrationRiskMember_custom_OtherCustomersMember" id="Fact000586" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="INF" scale="-2" unitRef="Pure"><ix:nonFraction name="IVDA:ConcentrationRiskPercentage" contextRef="From2023-01-012023-12-31_us-gaap_SalesRevenueNetMember_us-gaap_CustomerConcentrationRiskMember_custom_OtherCustomersMember" id="Fact000588" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="INF" scale="-2" unitRef="Pure">10</ix:nonFraction></ix:nonFraction></span></span>% of total revenues in years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

</ix:nonNumeric><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="From2024-01-01to2024-12-31" escape="true" id="Fact000590" name="us-gaap:CashAndCashEquivalentsPolicyTextBlock"><p id="xdx_84E_eus-gaap--CashAndCashEquivalentsPolicyTextBlock_zdeOkvBfukk5" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b><span style="text-decoration: underline"><span id="xdx_86E_zTDNePT4A5L">Cash
and Cash Equivalents</span></span></b></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">For
purposes of the statement of cash flows, we consider all highly liquid debt instruments purchased with an original maturity of three
months or less to be cash equivalents.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
Company&#8217;s consolidated financial statements include the results of operations and financial position of its subsidiary located in Taiwan.
The subsidiary&#8217;s functional currency is the Taiwan New Dollar (TWD). For consolidation purposes, the subsidiary&#8217;s financial statements
are translated into US Dollars (USD) using the following methods: Assets and liabilities are translated using the exchange rate
at the balance sheet date. Income statement items are translated using the average exchange rate for the period. Exchange rate
fluctuations between TWD and USD result in gains or losses that are included in Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) until they are realized.
The Company had $<span id="xdx_908_eus-gaap--CashAndCashEquivalentsAtCarryingValue_iI_uNTD_c20241231_zRelCr9Jybr5" title="Cash and cash equivalents at carrying value"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:CashAndCashEquivalentsAtCarryingValue" contextRef="AsOf2024-12-31" id="Fact000592" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="0" unitRef="NTD">1,025,675</ix:nonFraction></span> and $<span id="xdx_902_eus-gaap--CashAndCashEquivalentsAtCarryingValue_iI_uNTD_c20231231_zRbBJ1PkVfz6" title="Cash and cash equivalents at carrying value"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:CashAndCashEquivalentsAtCarryingValue" contextRef="AsOf2023-12-31" id="Fact000594" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="0" unitRef="NTD">1,959,399</ix:nonFraction></span> of its cash and cash equivalents in Taiwan New Dollars at December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

</ix:nonNumeric><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="From2024-01-01to2024-12-31" escape="true" id="Fact000596" name="us-gaap:TradeAndOtherAccountsReceivablePolicy"><p id="xdx_847_eus-gaap--TradeAndOtherAccountsReceivablePolicy_zgNFw2sfiuKa" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b><span style="text-decoration: underline"><span id="xdx_864_zdou4cBO5ZSf">Accounts
Receivable</span></span></b></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">We
provide an allowance for doubtful collections, which is based upon a review of outstanding receivables, historical collection information,
and existing economic conditions. For our U.S.-based segment, receivables past due more than 120 days, if any, are considered delinquent. For
our Taiwan-based segment, receivables over one year are considered delinquent. Delinquent receivables are written off based on individual
credit valuation and specific circumstances of the customer. As of December 31, 2024 and 2023, no allowance for uncollectible accounts
was deemed necessary.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

</ix:nonNumeric><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="From2024-01-01to2024-12-31" escape="true" id="Fact000598" name="IVDA:OtherCurrentAssetsPolicyTextBlock"><p id="xdx_847_ecustom--OtherCurrentAssetsPolicyTextBlock_zls8iCG6hiXk" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b><span style="text-decoration: underline"><span id="xdx_861_zHSs1pZFSMxc">Other
Current Assets</span></span></b></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Other
current assets represent cash paid in advance to vendors for service coverage extending into subsequent periods, advances to suppliers
of product and tender deposits placed with local governments and major customers in Taiwan during the bidding process for new proposed
projects.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

</ix:nonNumeric><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="From2024-01-01to2024-12-31" escape="true" id="Fact000600" name="us-gaap:DeferredChargesPolicyTextBlock"><p id="xdx_848_eus-gaap--DeferredChargesPolicyTextBlock_zwuy4mJKC5ri" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: left"><span id="xdx_862_z4vkNiTFFtY6" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b><span style="text-decoration: underline">Deferred
Cost of Goods</span></b></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>&#160;</b></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">In
Taiwan we ship product to be held at the customer locations in advance of installment per the contract with the customer. We reclassify
inventory that we have purchased and delivered to the customer location to Deferred Cost of Goods until this product is installed
and can be invoiced to the customer.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

</ix:nonNumeric><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="From2024-01-01to2024-12-31" escape="true" id="Fact000602" name="us-gaap:InventoryPolicyTextBlock"><p id="xdx_846_eus-gaap--InventoryPolicyTextBlock_zKsVdczJJRO" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b><span style="text-decoration: underline"><span id="xdx_865_z2gPPCu5zJfi">Inventories</span></span></b></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify">Inventory is stated at the lower of cost or net realizable value, with cost determined on a first-in, first-out (&#8220;FIFO&#8221;)
basis. <span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">We
review our inventories for excess or obsolete products or components based on an analysis of historical usage and an evaluation of estimated
future demand, market conditions, and alternative uses for possible excess or obsolete parts. There was <span id="xdx_903_eus-gaap--InventoryValuationReserves_iI_do_c20241231_zFVbgf7U44n8"><span id="xdx_900_eus-gaap--InventoryValuationReserves_iI_do_c20231231_zJpqxG2hx6v9"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:InventoryValuationReserves" contextRef="AsOf2024-12-31" id="Fact000603" format="ixt-sec:numwordsen" decimals="0" unitRef="USD"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:InventoryValuationReserves" contextRef="AsOf2023-12-31" id="Fact000604" format="ixt-sec:numwordsen" decimals="0" unitRef="USD">no</ix:nonFraction></ix:nonFraction></span></span> allowance for slow-moving and obsolete
inventory necessary as of December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

</ix:nonNumeric><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="From2024-01-01to2024-12-31" escape="true" id="Fact000606" name="us-gaap:PropertyPlantAndEquipmentPolicyTextBlock"><p id="xdx_840_eus-gaap--PropertyPlantAndEquipmentPolicyTextBlock_zyfBi9kYwIFa" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b><span style="text-decoration: underline"><span id="xdx_868_zMdmZf7rVc2a">Property
and Equipment</span></span></b></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Property
and equipment are stated at cost. Depreciation is computed primarily using the straight-line method over estimated useful lives of three<span id="xdx_90C_eus-gaap--PropertyPlantAndEquipmentUsefulLife_iI_dtY_c20241231__srt--RangeAxis__srt--MinimumMember_zsSpTDhed6Oh" title="Property and equipment useful life" style="display: none"><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="AsOf2024-12-31_srt_MinimumMember" format="ixt-sec:duryear" id="Fact000608" name="us-gaap:PropertyPlantAndEquipmentUsefulLife">3</ix:nonNumeric></span>
to <span id="xdx_903_eus-gaap--PropertyPlantAndEquipmentUsefulLife_iI_dc_c20241231__srt--RangeAxis__srt--MaximumMember_zMYbJZXpJmz6" title="Property and equipment useful life"><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="AsOf2024-12-31_srt_MaximumMember" format="ixt-sec:durwordsen" id="Fact000610" name="us-gaap:PropertyPlantAndEquipmentUsefulLife">seven years</ix:nonNumeric></span>. Expenditures for routine maintenance and repairs are charged to expense as incurred. Depreciation expense for the years
ended December 31, 2024 and 2023 was $<span id="xdx_907_eus-gaap--Depreciation_pp0p0_c20240101__20241231_zjETU40vBRpa" title="Depreciation expense"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:Depreciation" contextRef="From2024-01-01to2024-12-31" id="Fact000612" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="0" scale="0" unitRef="USD">31,805</ix:nonFraction></span> and $<span id="xdx_901_eus-gaap--Depreciation_pp0p0_c20230101__20231231_zWvhyMX2PrEc" title="Depreciation expense"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:Depreciation" contextRef="From2023-01-012023-12-31" id="Fact000614" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="0" scale="0" unitRef="USD">19,753</ix:nonFraction></span>, respectively.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">We
have a relatively minimal amount of property and equipment, consisting primarily of office equipment. We review the recoverability of
the carrying value of long-lived assets using the methodology prescribed in ASC 360 &#8220;Property, Plant and Equipment.&#8221; We review
our long-lived assets for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of an asset or asset
group may not be recoverable. Recoverability of long-lived assets to be held and used is measured by a comparison of the carrying amount
of an asset to the undiscounted future net operating cash flows expected to be generated by the asset. If such assets are considered
to be impaired, the impairment to be recognized is measured as the amount by which the carrying value of the assets exceeds their fair
value. Management determined that there was no indicator of impairment as of December 31, 2024 and 2023.</span></p>
<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"></span></p>


<ix:exclude><!-- Field: Page; Sequence: 62; Value: 1 -->
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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

</ix:nonNumeric><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="From2024-01-01to2024-12-31" escape="true" id="Fact000616" name="us-gaap:EquityMethodInvestmentsPolicy"><p id="xdx_84C_eus-gaap--EquityMethodInvestmentsPolicy_zU9oJUKOjgEe" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b><i><span id="xdx_86C_zJE3AGJhNZC4">Equity
Method Investment</span></i></b></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
Company accounts for investments in entities in which the Company has significant influence over the entity&#8217;s financial and operating
policies, but does not control, using the equity method of accounting. The equity method investments are initially recorded at cost,
and subsequently increased for capital contributions and allocations of net income, and decreased for capital distributions and allocations
of net loss. Equity in net income (loss) from the equity method investment is allocated based on the Company&#8217;s economic interest.
Equity method investments are reviewed for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount may
not be recoverable. If it is determined that a loss in value of the equity method investment is other than temporary, an impairment loss
is measured based on the excess of the carrying amount of an investment over its estimated fair value. Impairment analyses are based
on current plans, intended holding periods, and available information at the time the analysis is prepared. During 2023 the Company made a $<span id="xdx_90E_eus-gaap--Investments_iI_c20231231__srt--ScheduleOfEquityMethodInvestmentEquityMethodInvesteeNameAxis__custom--IvedaPhilsJointVentureMember_zk65nyBNjQgk" title="Investments"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:Investments" contextRef="AsOf2023-12-31_custom_IvedaPhilsJointVentureMember" id="Fact000618" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="0" unitRef="USD">180,000</ix:nonFraction></span> investment for a <span id="xdx_908_eus-gaap--EquityMethodInvestmentOwnershipPercentage_iI_pid_dp_uPure_c20231231__srt--ScheduleOfEquityMethodInvestmentEquityMethodInvesteeNameAxis__custom--IvedaPhilsJointVentureMember_zQQi8sln7SGe" title="Equity method investment ownership percentage"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:EquityMethodInvestmentOwnershipPercentage" contextRef="AsOf2023-12-31_custom_IvedaPhilsJointVentureMember" id="Fact000620" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="INF" scale="-2" unitRef="Pure">40</ix:nonFraction></span>% interest in
Iveda Phils Joint Venture (located in the Philippines). Based on Management&#8217;s
assessment, the value of its equity method investment was impaired as of December 31, 2023, and as such, recorded an impairment charge
of $<span id="xdx_90B_ecustom--EquityMethodInvestmentImpairmentCharge_iI_c20231231_zpT35cPEP241" title="Equity method investment impairment charge"><ix:nonFraction name="IVDA:EquityMethodInvestmentImpairmentCharge" contextRef="AsOf2023-12-31" id="Fact000622" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="0" unitRef="USD">180,000</ix:nonFraction></span>. As of December 31, 2023 and 2024, the remaining value of its investments was $<span id="xdx_902_eus-gaap--Investments_iI_c20241231_zi6sYa9s2xj" title="Investments"><span id="xdx_905_eus-gaap--Investments_iI_c20231231_zQD3EzkFed3g" title="Investments"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:Investments" contextRef="AsOf2024-12-31" id="Fact000624" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="0" unitRef="USD"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:Investments" contextRef="AsOf2023-12-31" id="Fact000626" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="0" unitRef="USD">0</ix:nonFraction></ix:nonFraction></span></span>.</span></p>
<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

</ix:nonNumeric><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="From2024-01-01to2024-12-31" escape="true" id="Fact000628" name="us-gaap:IncomeTaxPolicyTextBlock"><p id="xdx_84C_eus-gaap--IncomeTaxPolicyTextBlock_zrmY9a4zNdP5" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b><span style="text-decoration: underline"><span id="xdx_868_zxzOjGDG09rl">Income
Taxes</span></span></b></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Deferred
income taxes are recognized in the consolidated financial statements for the tax consequences in future years of differences between
the tax bases of assets and liabilities and their financial reporting amounts based on enacted tax laws and statutory tax rates. Temporary
differences arise from sales cut-off, depreciation, deferred rent expense, and net operating losses. Valuation allowances are established
when necessary to reduce deferred tax assets to the amount that represents our best estimate of such deferred tax assets that, more likely
than not, will be realized. Income tax expense is the tax payable for the year and the change during the year in deferred tax assets
and liabilities.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">We
are subject to U.S. federal income tax as well as state income tax.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Our
U.S. income tax returns are subject to review and examination by federal, state, and local authorities. Our U.S. tax returns for the
years 2020 to 2023 are open to examination by federal, local, and state authorities.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Our
Taiwan tax returns are subject to review and examination by the Taiwan Ministry of Finance. Our Taiwan tax return for the years 2020
to 2023 are open to examination by the Taiwan Ministry of Finance.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

</ix:nonNumeric><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="From2024-01-01to2024-12-31" escape="true" id="Fact000630" name="us-gaap:CashAndCashEquivalentsRestrictedCashAndCashEquivalentsPolicy"><p id="xdx_840_eus-gaap--CashAndCashEquivalentsRestrictedCashAndCashEquivalentsPolicy_zcSrAwcBSgo1" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b><span style="text-decoration: underline"><span id="xdx_865_zWhJ1h8iahZh">Restricted
Cash</span></span></b></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Restricted
cash represents time deposits on account to secure short-term bank loans in our Taiwan-based segment.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; display: none; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><span style="display: none"><span></span></span></span></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"></span></p>

</ix:nonNumeric><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="From2024-01-01to2024-12-31" escape="true" id="Fact000632" name="us-gaap:RevenueFromContractWithCustomerPolicyTextBlock"><p id="xdx_84C_eus-gaap--RevenueFromContractWithCustomerPolicyTextBlock_z9nUe1VpT271" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"><span id="xdx_86B_z4D1xHsmT9s" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b><span style="text-decoration: underline">Deferred
Revenue</span></b></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Advance
payments received from customers on future installation projects are recorded as deferred revenue until such time our performance obligations on the contracts are completed.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>


<ix:exclude><!-- Field: Page; Sequence: 63; Value: 1 -->
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    <div style="break-before: page; margin-top: 6pt"><p style="margin: 0pt">&#160;</p></div>
    <!-- Field: /Page --></ix:exclude>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

</ix:nonNumeric><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="From2024-01-01to2024-12-31" escape="true" id="Fact000634" name="us-gaap:CompensationRelatedCostsPolicyTextBlock"><p id="xdx_84C_eus-gaap--CompensationRelatedCostsPolicyTextBlock_zrqlIMniVKnk" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b><span style="text-decoration: underline"><span id="xdx_867_zAxTckzrWor3">Stock-Based
Compensation</span></span></b></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The Company periodically issues stock, stock options and restricted stock awards to employees and non-employees in
non-capital raising transactions for services and for financing costs. The Company accounts for such grants issued and vesting based on
ASC 718, Compensation-Stock Compensation whereby the value of the award is measured on the date of grant and recognized for employees
as compensation expense on the straight-line basis over the vesting period. Recognition of compensation expense for non-employees is in
the same period and manner as if the Company had paid cash for the services. The fair value of the Company&#8217;s stock options is estimated
using the Black-Scholes-Merton Option Pricing model, which uses certain assumptions related to risk-free interest rates, expected volatility,
expected life of the stock options or restricted stock, and future dividends. Compensation expense is recorded based upon the value derived
from the Black-Scholes-Merton Option Pricing model and based on actual experience. The assumptions used in the Black-Scholes-Merton Option
Pricing model could materially affect compensation expense recorded in future periods. We recognized $<span id="xdx_90E_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensation_pp0p0_c20240101__20241231_zxtzcdImOrVa" title="Stock option compensation"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:ShareBasedCompensation" contextRef="From2024-01-01to2024-12-31" id="Fact000636" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="0" scale="0" unitRef="USD">122,600</ix:nonFraction></span> and $<span id="xdx_906_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensation_pp0p0_c20230101__20231231_zA7oPXtsaC82" title="Stock option compensation"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:ShareBasedCompensation" contextRef="From2023-01-012023-12-31" id="Fact000638" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="0" scale="0" unitRef="USD">104,600</ix:nonFraction></span> of
stock-based compensation expense for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

</ix:nonNumeric><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="From2024-01-01to2024-12-31" escape="true" id="Fact000640" name="us-gaap:FairValueOfFinancialInstrumentsPolicy"><p id="xdx_842_eus-gaap--FairValueOfFinancialInstrumentsPolicy_zSz4fCqLsSy8" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b><span style="text-decoration: underline"><span id="xdx_868_zBSF8ypWCkKi">Fair
Value of Financial Instruments</span></span></b></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify">The Company uses various inputs in determining the
fair value of its financial assets and liabilities and measures these assets on a recurring basis. Financial assets recorded at fair value
are categorized by the level of subjectivity associated with the inputs used to measure their fair value. Accounting Standards Codification
Section 820 defines the following levels of subjectivity associated with the inputs:</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify">Level 1&#8212;Quoted prices in active markets for
identical assets or liabilities.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify">Level 2&#8212;Inputs, other than the quoted prices
in active markets, that are observable either directly or indirectly.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify">Level 3&#8212;Unobservable inputs in which there is
little or no market data for the asset or liability which requires the Company to develop its own assumptions.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p>
<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Fair
value estimates discussed herein are based upon certain market assumptions and pertinent information available to us as of December 31,
2024 and December 31, 2023. The respective carrying values of certain on-balance-sheet financial instruments approximate their fair values.
These financial instruments include cash, accounts receivable, accounts payable, accrued expenses, and amounts due to related parties.
Fair values were assumed to approximate carrying values for these financial instruments because they are short-term in nature and their
carrying amounts approximate their fair values or because they are receivable or payable on demand. </span>The carrying values of financing
obligations approximate their fair values because interest rates on these obligations are based on prevailing market interest rates.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p>
<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"></p>

</ix:nonNumeric><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="From2024-01-01to2024-12-31" escape="true" id="Fact000642" name="us-gaap:NewAccountingPronouncementsPolicyPolicyTextBlock"><p id="xdx_84F_eus-gaap--NewAccountingPronouncementsPolicyPolicyTextBlock_zzLKZhT1xKKl" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b><span style="text-decoration: underline"><span id="xdx_869_z4RIoIKPecUh">New
Accounting Standards</span></span></b></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">In
November 2023, the FASB issued ASU 2023-07, <i>Segment Reporting (Topic 280): Improvements to Reportable Segment Disclosure</i>, which
is intended to improve reportable segment disclosure requirements, primarily through enhanced disclosures about significant segment expense
categories that are regularly provided to the chief operating decision maker and included in each reported measure of a segment&#8217;s
profit or loss. The update also requires all annual disclosures about a reportable segment&#8217;s profit or loss and assets to be provided
in interim periods and for entities with a single reportable segment to provide all the disclosures required by ASC 280, <i>Segment Reporting</i>,
including the significant segment expense disclosures. This standard became effective for the Company on January 1, 2024. The adoption
of 2023-7 did not have a material impact on the Company&#8217;s results of operations, financial position or cash flows.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">In
November 2024, FASB issued ASU 2024-03 Income Statement&#8212;Reporting Comprehensive Income&#8212;Expense Disaggregation Disclosures
(Subtopic 220-40) Disaggregation of Income Statement Expenses. The guidance in ASU 2024-03 requires public business entities to disclose
in the notes to the financial statements, among other things, specific information about certain costs and expenses including purchases
of inventory; employee compensation; and depreciation and amortization expense for each caption on the income statement where such expenses
are included. The update is effective for annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2026, and interim reporting periods beginning
after December 15, 2027. Early adoption is permitted, and the amendments may be applied prospectively to reporting periods after the
effective date or retrospectively to all periods presented in the financial statements. We are currently evaluating the provisions of
this guidance and assessing the potential impact on our financial statement disclosures.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Other
recent accounting pronouncements and guidance issued by the FASB, its Emerging Issues Task Force, the American Institute of Certified
Public Accountants, and the Securities and Exchange Commission did not or are not believed by management to have a material impact on
the Company&#8217;s present or future financial statements.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"></p>

</ix:nonNumeric><p id="xdx_856_zR6FP6ykwkkk" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>


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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

</ix:nonNumeric><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="From2024-01-01to2024-12-31" escape="true" id="Fact000644" name="us-gaap:AccountsPayableAndAccruedLiabilitiesDisclosureTextBlock"><p id="xdx_801_eus-gaap--AccountsPayableAndAccruedLiabilitiesDisclosureTextBlock_zVzsyxyuT86b" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>NOTE
2 <span id="xdx_82D_zu8YOQyvyTsh">Accounts and Other Payables</span></b></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b><span>&#160;</span> </b></span></p>
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Of Accounts and Other Payables</span></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"></span></p>

<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 80%">
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="text-align: center">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td colspan="2" id="xdx_498_20241231_zGoGwRr9Odef" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: center">December 31, 2024</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td colspan="2" id="xdx_495_20231231_zJBbbkMsma7d" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: center">December 31, 2023</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="text-align: center">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td colspan="2">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td colspan="2">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_409_eus-gaap--AccountsPayableCurrent_iI_maAPAOAzMjb_zg6eRdvCrHu" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="width: 64%; text-align: left">Accounts Payable</td><td style="width: 2%">&#160;</td>
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    <td style="text-align: left">Accrued Expenses</td><td>&#160;</td>
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    <td style="text-align: justify; padding-bottom: 1pt">Deferred Revenue and Customer Deposits</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"><ix:nonFraction name="IVDA:DeferredRevenueAndCustomerDepositsCurrent" contextRef="AsOf2024-12-31" id="Fact000654" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="0" unitRef="USD">36,791</ix:nonFraction></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
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    <td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1pt">Accounts and Other Payables</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
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</ix:nonNumeric><p id="xdx_8A0_zqQsw2Ch0Fp3" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

</ix:nonNumeric><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="From2024-01-01to2024-12-31" escape="true" id="Fact000660" name="us-gaap:DebtDisclosureTextBlock"><p id="xdx_807_eus-gaap--DebtDisclosureTextBlock_zGdlhQEJRrT2" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>NOTE
3 <span id="xdx_828_z3ssKYYB44H9">SHORT-TERM AND LONG-TERM DEBT</span></b></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<ix:nonNumeric contextRef="From2024-01-01to2024-12-31" escape="true" id="Fact000662" name="us-gaap:ScheduleOfShortTermDebtTextBlock"><p id="xdx_898_eus-gaap--ScheduleOfShortTermDebtTextBlock_zHroRtzEtdvi" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>The
short-term debt balances were as follows:</b></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>&#160;</b></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><span id="xdx_8B9_zV1pWn7yswhb" style="display: none">SCHEDULE
OF SHORT-TERM DEBT</span></span></p>

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  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
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  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
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    <td style="width: 64%; text-align: left">Loan from Shanghai Commercial Bank at <span id="xdx_900_eus-gaap--DebtInstrumentInterestRateDuringPeriod_pid_dp_uPure_c20240101__20241231__us-gaap--RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis__custom--ShanghaiBankMember__srt--RangeAxis__srt--MinimumMember_zC3jImsLW1Tk" title="Interest rate" class="xdx_phnt_RGlzY2xvc3VyZSAtIFNDSEVEVUxFIE9GIFNIT1JULVRFUk0gREVCVCAoRGV0YWlscykgKFBhcmVudGhldGljYWwpAA__"><span id="xdx_90B_eus-gaap--DebtInstrumentInterestRateDuringPeriod_pid_dp_uPure_c20230101__20231231__us-gaap--RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis__custom--ShanghaiBankMember__srt--RangeAxis__srt--MinimumMember_z19ikWcf7v78" title="Interest rate" class="xdx_phnt_RGlzY2xvc3VyZSAtIFNDSEVEVUxFIE9GIFNIT1JULVRFUk0gREVCVCAoRGV0YWlscykgKFBhcmVudGhldGljYWwpAA__"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:DebtInstrumentInterestRateDuringPeriod" contextRef="From2024-01-012024-12-31_custom_ShanghaiBankMember_srt_MinimumMember" id="Fact000664" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="INF" scale="-2" unitRef="Pure"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:DebtInstrumentInterestRateDuringPeriod" contextRef="From2023-01-012023-12-31_custom_ShanghaiBankMember_srt_MinimumMember" id="Fact000666" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="INF" scale="-2" unitRef="Pure">3.1</ix:nonFraction></ix:nonFraction></span></span>%-<span id="xdx_902_eus-gaap--DebtInstrumentInterestRateDuringPeriod_pid_dp_uPure_c20240101__20241231__us-gaap--RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis__custom--ShanghaiBankMember__srt--RangeAxis__srt--MaximumMember_zuARMmjSBUmf" title="Interest rate" class="xdx_phnt_RGlzY2xvc3VyZSAtIFNDSEVEVUxFIE9GIFNIT1JULVRFUk0gREVCVCAoRGV0YWlscykgKFBhcmVudGhldGljYWwpAA__"><span id="xdx_909_eus-gaap--DebtInstrumentInterestRateDuringPeriod_pid_dp_uPure_c20230101__20231231__us-gaap--RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis__custom--ShanghaiBankMember__srt--RangeAxis__srt--MaximumMember_zDj0y7KIPiJf" title="Interest rate" class="xdx_phnt_RGlzY2xvc3VyZSAtIFNDSEVEVUxFIE9GIFNIT1JULVRFUk0gREVCVCAoRGV0YWlscykgKFBhcmVudGhldGljYWwpAA__"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:DebtInstrumentInterestRateDuringPeriod" contextRef="From2024-01-012024-12-31_custom_ShanghaiBankMember_srt_MaximumMember" id="Fact000668" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="INF" scale="-2" unitRef="Pure"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:DebtInstrumentInterestRateDuringPeriod" contextRef="From2023-01-012023-12-31_custom_ShanghaiBankMember_srt_MaximumMember" id="Fact000670" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="INF" scale="-2" unitRef="Pure">3.2</ix:nonFraction></ix:nonFraction></span></span>%
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  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="text-align: left">Loan from HuaNam Bank at <span id="xdx_90B_eus-gaap--DebtInstrumentInterestRateDuringPeriod_pid_dp_uPure_c20240101__20241231__us-gaap--RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis__custom--HuaNamBankMember_zh1bjmL6cnZj" title="Interest rate" class="xdx_phnt_RGlzY2xvc3VyZSAtIFNDSEVEVUxFIE9GIFNIT1JULVRFUk0gREVCVCAoRGV0YWlscykgKFBhcmVudGhldGljYWwpAA__"><span id="xdx_90F_eus-gaap--DebtInstrumentInterestRateDuringPeriod_pid_dp_uPure_c20230101__20231231__us-gaap--RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis__custom--HuaNamBankMember_zHPbojkGkLN4" title="Interest rate" class="xdx_phnt_RGlzY2xvc3VyZSAtIFNDSEVEVUxFIE9GIFNIT1JULVRFUk0gREVCVCAoRGV0YWlscykgKFBhcmVudGhldGljYWwpAA__"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:DebtInstrumentInterestRateDuringPeriod" contextRef="From2024-01-012024-12-31_custom_HuaNamBankMember" id="Fact000680" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="INF" scale="-2" unitRef="Pure"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:DebtInstrumentInterestRateDuringPeriod" contextRef="From2023-01-012023-12-31_custom_HuaNamBankMember" id="Fact000682" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="INF" scale="-2" unitRef="Pure">3.4</ix:nonFraction></ix:nonFraction></span></span>%
    interest rate per annum. <span id="xdx_90A_eus-gaap--DebtInstrumentMaturityDateDescription_c20240101__20241231__us-gaap--RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis__custom--HuaNamBankMember_zfRfCgvVh6Pl" title="Debt instrument, maturity date" class="xdx_phnt_RGlzY2xvc3VyZSAtIFNDSEVEVUxFIE9GIFNIT1JULVRFUk0gREVCVCAoRGV0YWlscykgKFBhcmVudGhldGljYWwpAA__"><span id="xdx_905_eus-gaap--DebtInstrumentMaturityDateDescription_c20230101__20231231__us-gaap--RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis__custom--HuaNamBankMember_zKbvd4xK7nS4" title="Debt instrument, maturity date" class="xdx_phnt_RGlzY2xvc3VyZSAtIFNDSEVEVUxFIE9GIFNIT1JULVRFUk0gREVCVCAoRGV0YWlscykgKFBhcmVudGhldGljYWwpAA__"><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="From2024-01-012024-12-31_custom_HuaNamBankMember" id="Fact000684" name="us-gaap:DebtInstrumentMaturityDateDescription"><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="From2023-01-012023-12-31_custom_HuaNamBankMember" id="Fact000686" name="us-gaap:DebtInstrumentMaturityDateDescription">Due
    in June 2025.</ix:nonNumeric></ix:nonNumeric></span></span></td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td id="xdx_987_eus-gaap--ShortTermBorrowings_iI_c20241231__us-gaap--RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis__custom--HuaNamBankMember_zGOsvH6Fwuld" title="Short term debt" style="text-align: right"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:ShortTermBorrowings" contextRef="AsOf2024-12-31_custom_HuaNamBankMember" id="Fact000688" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="0" unitRef="USD">91,505</ix:nonFraction></td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td id="xdx_982_eus-gaap--ShortTermBorrowings_iI_c20231231__us-gaap--RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis__custom--HuaNamBankMember_zaGq1kkYqYYg" title="Short term debt" style="text-align: right"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:ShortTermBorrowings" contextRef="AsOf2023-12-31_custom_HuaNamBankMember" id="Fact000690" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="0" unitRef="USD">97,777</ix:nonFraction></td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1pt">Loan from ChangHwa Bank at <span class="xdx_phnt_RGlzY2xvc3VyZSAtIFNDSEVEVUxFIE9GIFNIT1JULVRFUk0gREVCVCAoRGV0YWlscykgKFBhcmVudGhldGljYWwpAA__" id="xdx_909_eus-gaap--DebtInstrumentInterestRateDuringPeriod_pid_dp_uPure_c20230101__20231231__us-gaap--RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis__custom--ChangHwaBankMember__srt--RangeAxis__srt--MinimumMember_zWXwlFl8RNye"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:DebtInstrumentInterestRateDuringPeriod" contextRef="From2023-01-012023-12-31_custom_ChangHwaBankMember_srt_MinimumMember" id="Fact000691" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="INF" scale="-2" unitRef="Pure">3</ix:nonFraction></span>%
-<span class="xdx_phnt_RGlzY2xvc3VyZSAtIFNDSEVEVUxFIE9GIFNIT1JULVRFUk0gREVCVCAoRGV0YWlscykgKFBhcmVudGhldGljYWwpAA__" id="xdx_904_eus-gaap--DebtInstrumentInterestRateDuringPeriod_pid_dp_uPure_c20240101__20241231__us-gaap--RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis__custom--ChangHwaBankMember__srt--RangeAxis__srt--MaximumMember_zH0zPZsX3TDb"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:DebtInstrumentInterestRateDuringPeriod" contextRef="From2024-01-012024-12-31_custom_ChangHwaBankMember_srt_MaximumMember" id="Fact000692" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="INF" scale="-2" unitRef="Pure">3.3</ix:nonFraction>%</span>
interest rate per annum. <span class="xdx_phnt_RGlzY2xvc3VyZSAtIFNDSEVEVUxFIE9GIFNIT1JULVRFUk0gREVCVCAoRGV0YWlscykgKFBhcmVudGhldGljYWwpAA__" id="xdx_905_eus-gaap--DebtInstrumentMaturityDateDescription_c20230101__20231231__us-gaap--RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis__custom--ChangHwaBankMember_zRUrEtmuiR8l"><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="From2023-01-012023-12-31_custom_ChangHwaBankMember" id="Fact000693" name="us-gaap:DebtInstrumentMaturityDateDescription">Due
in May 2025.</ix:nonNumeric></span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td id="xdx_98E_eus-gaap--ShortTermBorrowings_iI_c20241231__us-gaap--RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis__custom--ChangHwaBankMember_za3y2mheJ68e" title="Short term debt" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:ShortTermBorrowings" contextRef="AsOf2024-12-31_custom_ChangHwaBankMember" id="Fact000695" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="0" unitRef="USD">152,509</ix:nonFraction></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td id="xdx_987_eus-gaap--ShortTermBorrowings_iI_c20231231__us-gaap--RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis__custom--ChangHwaBankMember_z4XRoVjNDhf2" title="Short term debt" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:ShortTermBorrowings" contextRef="AsOf2023-12-31_custom_ChangHwaBankMember" id="Fact000697" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="0" unitRef="USD">162,962</ix:nonFraction></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 2.5pt">Balance at end of period</td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left">$</td><td id="xdx_98B_eus-gaap--ShortTermBorrowings_iI_c20241231_zEy4mOyMb094" title="Short term debt" style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:ShortTermBorrowings" contextRef="AsOf2024-12-31" id="Fact000699" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="0" unitRef="USD">427,025</ix:nonFraction></td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left">$</td><td id="xdx_983_eus-gaap--ShortTermBorrowings_iI_c20231231_zBDabK5W1FGb" title="Short term debt" style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:ShortTermBorrowings" contextRef="AsOf2023-12-31" id="Fact000701" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="0" unitRef="USD">348,771</ix:nonFraction></td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  </table>

</ix:nonNumeric><p id="xdx_8AF_zN1AZQuiml5a" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">As
of December 31, 2024, there was $29,013 of restricted cash pledged as security for the Shanghai Commercial Bank short term loan.</span></p>


<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"></span></p>

<ix:nonNumeric contextRef="From2024-01-01to2024-12-31" escape="true" id="Fact000703" name="us-gaap:ScheduleOfDebtInstrumentsTextBlock"><p id="xdx_891_eus-gaap--ScheduleOfDebtInstrumentsTextBlock_zdcXLf1ce7W2" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>The
Long-term debt balances were as follows:</b></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>&#160;</b></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><span id="xdx_8B7_z3k2pGaJ6q1a" style="display: none">SCHEDULE
OF LONG-TERM DEBT</span></span></p>

<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%">
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="width: 64%; text-align: left">Loans from Shanghai Commercial Bank with interest rates <span id="xdx_906_eus-gaap--DebtInstrumentInterestRateEffectivePercentage_iI_pid_dp_uPure_c20241231__us-gaap--RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis__custom--ShanghaiBankMember_fKDEp_zo3LoW0KVrdg" title="Debt interest rate" class="xdx_phnt_RGlzY2xvc3VyZSAtIFNDSEVEVUxFIE9GIExPTkctVEVSTSBERUJUIChEZXRhaWxzKSAoUGFyZW50aGV0aWNhbCkA"><span id="xdx_90B_eus-gaap--DebtInstrumentInterestRateEffectivePercentage_iI_pid_dp_uPure_c20231231__us-gaap--RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis__custom--ShanghaiBankMember_fKDEp_z7j3g9ovhiSk" title="Debt interest rate" class="xdx_phnt_RGlzY2xvc3VyZSAtIFNDSEVEVUxFIE9GIExPTkctVEVSTSBERUJUIChEZXRhaWxzKSAoUGFyZW50aGV0aWNhbCkA"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:DebtInstrumentInterestRateEffectivePercentage" contextRef="AsOf2024-12-31_custom_ShanghaiBankMember" id="Fact000705" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="INF" scale="-2" unitRef="Pure"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:DebtInstrumentInterestRateEffectivePercentage" contextRef="AsOf2023-12-31_custom_ShanghaiBankMember" id="Fact000707" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="INF" scale="-2" unitRef="Pure">2.1</ix:nonFraction></ix:nonFraction></span></span>%
    per annum due <span id="xdx_906_ecustom--LongTermDebtInstrumentMaturityDateDescription_c20240101__20241231__us-gaap--RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis__custom--ShanghaiBankMember_fKDEp_zmoLP3xOv5xh" title="Maturity date description" class="xdx_phnt_RGlzY2xvc3VyZSAtIFNDSEVEVUxFIE9GIExPTkctVEVSTSBERUJUIChEZXRhaWxzKSAoUGFyZW50aGV0aWNhbCkA"><span id="xdx_902_ecustom--LongTermDebtInstrumentMaturityDateDescription_c20230101__20231231__us-gaap--RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis__custom--ShanghaiBankMember_fKDEp_zBaosWTqM7yl" title="Maturity date description" class="xdx_phnt_RGlzY2xvc3VyZSAtIFNDSEVEVUxFIE9GIExPTkctVEVSTSBERUJUIChEZXRhaWxzKSAoUGFyZW50aGV0aWNhbCkA"><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="From2024-01-012024-12-31_custom_ShanghaiBankMember" id="Fact000709" name="IVDA:LongTermDebtInstrumentMaturityDateDescription"><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="From2023-01-012023-12-31_custom_ShanghaiBankMember" id="Fact000711" name="IVDA:LongTermDebtInstrumentMaturityDateDescription">January
    2029 (1)</ix:nonNumeric></ix:nonNumeric></span></span></td><td style="width: 2%">&#160;</td>
    <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left">$</td><td id="xdx_984_eus-gaap--LoansPayableCurrent_iI_c20241231__us-gaap--RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis__custom--ShanghaiBankMember_fKDEp_zYZAXyRkkpm5" title="Loans" style="width: 14%; text-align: right"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:LoansPayableCurrent" contextRef="AsOf2024-12-31_custom_ShanghaiBankMember" id="Fact000713" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="0" unitRef="USD">498,195</ix:nonFraction></td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="width: 2%">&#160;</td>
    <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left">$</td><td id="xdx_987_eus-gaap--LoansPayableCurrent_iI_c20231231__us-gaap--RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis__custom--ShanghaiBankMember_fKDEp_zLWkDY0qyk1i" title="Loans" style="width: 14%; text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl0715">-</span></td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1pt">Current Portion of Long-term debt</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td id="xdx_984_eus-gaap--LongTermDebtCurrent_iNI_di_c20241231_zxyDQF0ZUN4l" title="Current portion of long term debt" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right">(<ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:LongTermDebtCurrent" contextRef="AsOf2024-12-31" id="Fact000717" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="0" unitRef="USD">122,007</ix:nonFraction></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">)</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td id="xdx_988_eus-gaap--LongTermDebtCurrent_iNI_di_c20231231_zfYwrqZ2xOE5" title="Current portion of long term debt" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl0719">-</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 2.5pt">Balance at end of period</td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left">$</td><td id="xdx_985_eus-gaap--LongTermDebt_iI_c20241231_zikQtS0TvPz4" title="Long term debt" style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:LongTermDebt" contextRef="AsOf2024-12-31" id="Fact000721" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="0" unitRef="USD">376,188</ix:nonFraction></td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left">$</td><td id="xdx_98F_eus-gaap--LongTermDebt_iI_c20231231_zofZgHYXAmo3" title="Long term debt" style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl0723">-</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  </table>

</ix:nonNumeric><p id="xdx_8A0_z9sri6Gg9jKg" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: center">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: center"></p>

<ix:nonNumeric contextRef="From2024-01-01to2024-12-31" escape="true" id="Fact000725" name="srt:ContractualObligationFiscalYearMaturityScheduleTableTextBlock"><p id="xdx_89A_esrt--ContractualObligationFiscalYearMaturityScheduleTableTextBlock_zCA1QcDqTaI5" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: center"><span id="xdx_8B2_ztUBaeiD5aI3" style="display: none">SCHEDULE OF MINIMUM PAYMENT OF LONG TERM DEBT</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: center"></p>

<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 70%">
  <tr style="display: none; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td id="xdx_49C_20241231__us-gaap--RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis__custom--ChangHwaBankMember_z1vcujqo5PP5" style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_40F_eus-gaap--LongTermDebtMaturitiesRepaymentsOfPrincipalInNextTwelveMonths_iI_maLTDzu20_zGCqFlKZfcS6" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="width: 78%; text-align: left">2025</td><td style="width: 2%">&#160;</td>
    <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left">$</td><td style="width: 18%; text-align: right"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:LongTermDebtMaturitiesRepaymentsOfPrincipalInNextTwelveMonths" contextRef="AsOf2024-12-31_custom_ChangHwaBankMember" id="Fact000727" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="0" unitRef="USD">122,007</ix:nonFraction></td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_401_eus-gaap--LongTermDebtMaturitiesRepaymentsOfPrincipalInYearTwo_iI_maLTDzu20_zJBRLclp6tR5" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="text-align: left">2026</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:LongTermDebtMaturitiesRepaymentsOfPrincipalInYearTwo" contextRef="AsOf2024-12-31_custom_ChangHwaBankMember" id="Fact000729" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="0" unitRef="USD">122,007</ix:nonFraction></td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_406_eus-gaap--LongTermDebtMaturitiesRepaymentsOfPrincipalInYearThree_iI_maLTDzu20_ztewVVOnppp3" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="text-align: left">2027</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:LongTermDebtMaturitiesRepaymentsOfPrincipalInYearThree" contextRef="AsOf2024-12-31_custom_ChangHwaBankMember" id="Fact000731" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="0" unitRef="USD">122,007</ix:nonFraction></td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_40B_eus-gaap--LongTermDebtMaturitiesRepaymentsOfPrincipalInYearFour_iI_maLTDzu20_zHVFiNMRizF9" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="text-align: left">2028</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:LongTermDebtMaturitiesRepaymentsOfPrincipalInYearFour" contextRef="AsOf2024-12-31_custom_ChangHwaBankMember" id="Fact000733" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="0" unitRef="USD">122,007</ix:nonFraction></td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_402_ecustom--LongTermDebtMaturitiesRepaymentsOfPrincipalAfterYearFour_iI_maLTDzu20_z4xfMqE8ayRl" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">Thereafter</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"><ix:nonFraction name="IVDA:LongTermDebtMaturitiesRepaymentsOfPrincipalAfterYearFour" contextRef="AsOf2024-12-31_custom_ChangHwaBankMember" id="Fact000735" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="0" unitRef="USD">10,167</ix:nonFraction></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_40E_eus-gaap--LongTermDebt_iTI_mtLTDzu20_z9pPvIVcwjD2" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 2.5pt">Total</td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left">$</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:LongTermDebt" contextRef="AsOf2024-12-31_custom_ChangHwaBankMember" id="Fact000737" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="0" unitRef="USD">498,195</ix:nonFraction></td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  </table>


<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: center">&#160;</p>

<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="width: 100%; font: 12pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"><tr style="vertical-align: top">
<td style="width: 0.25in"/><td style="width: 0.25in"><span id="xdx_F0B_zJuC47EOFgKj" style="font-size: 10pt">(1)</span></td><td style="text-align: justify"><span id="xdx_F12_zQEWYkLRbWK1" style="font-size: 10pt"><ix:footnote id="Footnote000738" xml:lang="en-US">On
                                            January 24, 2024, the Company received a facility notice from Shanghai Commercial Bank, granting
                                            a revolving loan facility totaling up to TWD <span id="xdx_904_eus-gaap--LineOfCreditFacilityMaximumBorrowingCapacity_iI_uNTD_c20240124__us-gaap--CreditFacilityAxis__us-gaap--RevolvingCreditFacilityMember_z6SmmmNufU21" title="Line of credit facility maximum borrowing capacity" class="xdx_phnt_RGlzY2xvc3VyZSAtIFNDSEVEVUxFIE9GIExPTkctVEVSTSBERUJUIChEZXRhaWxzKSAoUGFyZW50aGV0aWNhbCkA"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:LineOfCreditFacilityMaximumBorrowingCapacity" contextRef="AsOf2024-01-24_us-gaap_RevolvingCreditFacilityMember" id="Fact000740" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="0" unitRef="NTD">10,000,000</ix:nonFraction></span></ix:footnote></span>
                                            <span style="font-size: 10pt">(approximately $<span id="xdx_901_eus-gaap--LineOfCreditFacilityMaximumBorrowingCapacity_iI_uUSD_c20240124__us-gaap--CreditFacilityAxis__us-gaap--RevolvingCreditFacilityMember_zJynBP4yrwF8" title="Line of credit facility maximum borrowing capacity" class="xdx_phnt_RGlzY2xvc3VyZSAtIFNDSEVEVUxFIE9GIExPTkctVEVSTSBERUJUIChEZXRhaWxzKSAoUGFyZW50aGV0aWNhbCkA"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:LineOfCreditFacilityMaximumBorrowingCapacity" contextRef="AsOf2024-01-24_us-gaap_RevolvingCreditFacilityMember" id="Fact000742" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="0" unitRef="USD">300,000</ix:nonFraction></span> USD) and term loan facility amounting
                                            of TWD <span id="xdx_907_eus-gaap--LongTermDebt_iI_uNTD_c20240124__us-gaap--LongtermDebtTypeAxis__custom--TermLoanMember_zXihGJI2EBJ5" title="Long term debt" class="xdx_phnt_RGlzY2xvc3VyZSAtIFNDSEVEVUxFIE9GIExPTkctVEVSTSBERUJUIChEZXRhaWxzKSAoUGFyZW50aGV0aWNhbCkA"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:LongTermDebt" contextRef="AsOf2024-01-24_custom_TermLoanMember" id="Fact000744" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="0" unitRef="NTD">20,000,000</ix:nonFraction></span>
                                            (approximately ($<span id="xdx_904_eus-gaap--LongTermDebt_iI_c20240124__us-gaap--LongtermDebtTypeAxis__custom--TermLoanMember_zbHZWOEbyHKh" title="Long term debt" class="xdx_phnt_RGlzY2xvc3VyZSAtIFNDSEVEVUxFIE9GIExPTkctVEVSTSBERUJUIChEZXRhaWxzKSAoUGFyZW50aGV0aWNhbCkA"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:LongTermDebt" contextRef="AsOf2024-01-24_custom_TermLoanMember" id="Fact000746" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="0" unitRef="USD">600,000</ix:nonFraction></span> USD)</span><span style="font-size: 10pt">. The term for the
                                            revolving loan is <span id="xdx_90A_eus-gaap--DebtInstrumentTerm_dtY_c20240124__20240124__us-gaap--CreditFacilityAxis__us-gaap--RevolvingCreditFacilityMember_zLXQ5naeQHH2" class="xdx_phnt_RGlzY2xvc3VyZSAtIFNDSEVEVUxFIE9GIExPTkctVEVSTSBERUJUIChEZXRhaWxzKSAoUGFyZW50aGV0aWNhbCkA"><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="From2024-01-242024-01-24_us-gaap_RevolvingCreditFacilityMember" format="ixt-sec:duryear" id="Fact000747" name="us-gaap:DebtInstrumentTerm">1</ix:nonNumeric></span></span>
                                            <span style="font-size: 10pt">year and for the term loan is <span id="xdx_908_eus-gaap--DebtInstrumentTerm_dtY_c20240124__20240124__us-gaap--CreditFacilityAxis__custom--TermLoanMember_zLfYEd3duHIh" class="xdx_phnt_RGlzY2xvc3VyZSAtIFNDSEVEVUxFIE9GIExPTkctVEVSTSBERUJUIChEZXRhaWxzKSAoUGFyZW50aGV0aWNhbCkA"><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="From2024-01-242024-01-24_custom_TermLoanMember" format="ixt-sec:duryear" id="Fact000748" name="us-gaap:DebtInstrumentTerm">5</ix:nonNumeric></span></span>
                                            <span style="font-size: 10pt">years. The <span id="xdx_902_eus-gaap--DebtInstrumentTerm_dtY_c20240124__20240124__us-gaap--LongtermDebtTypeAxis__custom--TermLoanMember_zdyb3igSwWkg" class="xdx_phnt_RGlzY2xvc3VyZSAtIFNDSEVEVUxFIE9GIExPTkctVEVSTSBERUJUIChEZXRhaWxzKSAoUGFyZW50aGV0aWNhbCkA"><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="From2024-01-242024-01-24_custom_TermLoanMember15942359" format="ixt-sec:duryear" id="Fact000749" name="us-gaap:DebtInstrumentTerm">5</ix:nonNumeric></span></span>
                                            <span style="font-size: 10pt">year term loan requires monthly payments including interest
                                            and principle, and the revolving loan requires a full principal repayment at the maturity
                                            date. The short-term Shanghai Commercial Bank loan is <span id="xdx_909_ecustom--LoanSecuritzedByGovernmentGuaranteePercentage_dp_c20240124__20240124_zo1gGQwouc6c" class="xdx_phnt_RGlzY2xvc3VyZSAtIFNDSEVEVUxFIE9GIExPTkctVEVSTSBERUJUIChEZXRhaWxzKSAoUGFyZW50aGV0aWNhbCkA"><ix:nonFraction name="IVDA:LoanSecuritzedByGovernmentGuaranteePercentage" contextRef="From2024-01-242024-01-24" id="Fact000750" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="INF" scale="-2" unitRef="Pure">75</ix:nonFraction></span></span><span style="font-size: 10pt">%
                                            securitized by the  government guarantee fund called SME credit guarantee fund and <span id="xdx_90A_ecustom--SecurityDepositPercentage_dp_c20240124__20240124_zfOhSiDLFt48" class="xdx_phnt_RGlzY2xvc3VyZSAtIFNDSEVEVUxFIE9GIExPTkctVEVSTSBERUJUIChEZXRhaWxzKSAoUGFyZW50aGV0aWNhbCkA"><ix:nonFraction name="IVDA:SecurityDepositPercentage" contextRef="From2024-01-242024-01-24" id="Fact000751" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="INF" scale="-2" unitRef="Pure">10</ix:nonFraction></span></span><span style="font-size: 10pt">%
                                            by saving deposit security. The guarantors of this loan are Mr. Siu and Mr. Cheung, who are
                                            both part of Iveda Taiwan&#8217;s management team.</span></td></tr>
                                                                                                              </table>

</ix:nonNumeric><p id="xdx_8AC_zd19eOmWa9db" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&#160;</p>


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    <div style="break-before: page; margin-top: 6pt"><p style="margin: 0pt">&#160;</p></div>
    <!-- Field: /Page --></ix:exclude>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

</ix:nonNumeric><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="From2024-01-01to2024-12-31" escape="true" id="Fact000753" name="us-gaap:PreferredStockTextBlock"><p id="xdx_80B_eus-gaap--PreferredStockTextBlock_zhERgghrP8ml" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>NOTE
4 <span id="xdx_82D_znIT2mO4257b">PREFERRED STOCK</span></b></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">We
are currently authorized to issue up to <span id="xdx_909_eus-gaap--PreferredStockSharesAuthorized_iI_c20241231__srt--RangeAxis__srt--MaximumMember_z3uQpsu4b8v8" title="Preferred stock, shares authorized"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:PreferredStockSharesAuthorized" contextRef="AsOf2024-12-31_srt_MaximumMember" id="Fact000755" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="INF" unitRef="Shares">12,500,000</ix:nonFraction></span> shares of preferred stock, par value $<span id="xdx_905_eus-gaap--PreferredStockParOrStatedValuePerShare_iI_pid_c20241231_zR1SUKA3miI9" title="Preferred stock, par value"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:PreferredStockParOrStatedValuePerShare" contextRef="AsOf2024-12-31" id="Fact000757" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="INF" unitRef="USDPShares">0.00001</ix:nonFraction></span> per share, <span id="xdx_906_eus-gaap--PreferredStockSharesAuthorized_iI_c20241231__us-gaap--StatementClassOfStockAxis__us-gaap--SeriesAPreferredStockMember_zUsXuXnjoxhl" title="Preferred stock, shares authorized"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:PreferredStockSharesAuthorized" contextRef="AsOf2024-12-31_us-gaap_SeriesAPreferredStockMember" id="Fact000759" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="INF" unitRef="Shares">1,250,000</ix:nonFraction></span> shares of which
are designated as Series A Preferred Stock and <span id="xdx_902_eus-gaap--PreferredStockSharesAuthorized_iI_pid_c20241231__us-gaap--StatementClassOfStockAxis__us-gaap--SeriesBPreferredStockMember_zHPkjWKomWRj" title="Preferred stock, shares authorized"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:PreferredStockSharesAuthorized" contextRef="AsOf2024-12-31_us-gaap_SeriesBPreferredStockMember" id="Fact000761" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="INF" unitRef="Shares">500</ix:nonFraction></span> shares of which are designated as Series B Preferred Stock. Our Articles of Incorporation
authorize the issuance of shares of preferred stock with designations, rights, and preferences determined from time to time by our Board
of Directors. Accordingly, our Board of Directors is empowered, without stockholder approval, to issue preferred stock with dividend,
liquidation, conversion, voting, or other rights which could adversely affect the voting power or other rights of the stockholders of
our common stock. In the event of issuance, the preferred stock could be utilized, under certain circumstances, as a method of discouraging,
delaying, or preventing a change in control of our company.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

</ix:nonNumeric><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="From2024-01-01to2024-12-31" escape="true" id="Fact000763" name="us-gaap:StockholdersEquityNoteDisclosureTextBlock"><p id="xdx_808_eus-gaap--StockholdersEquityNoteDisclosureTextBlock_z46C7mniMTPe" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>NOTE
5 <span id="xdx_82C_zuwezYSjKuU7">EQUITY</span></b></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b><span style="text-decoration: underline">Common
Stock</span></b></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">We
are authorized to issue up to <span id="xdx_900_eus-gaap--CommonStockSharesAuthorized_iI_pid_c20241231__srt--RangeAxis__srt--MaximumMember_z5QcBiSYAuY6" title="Common stock, shares authorized"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:CommonStockSharesAuthorized" contextRef="AsOf2024-12-31_srt_MaximumMember" id="Fact000765" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="INF" unitRef="Shares">300,000,000</ix:nonFraction>
</span></span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">shares of common stock, par value $<span id="xdx_90A_eus-gaap--CommonStockParOrStatedValuePerShare_iI_c20241231_ziPB0pRQjk2c" title="Common stock par value"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:CommonStockParOrStatedValuePerShare" contextRef="AsOf2024-12-31" id="Fact000767" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="INF" unitRef="USDPShares">0.00001</ix:nonFraction>
</span></span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">per share. We effectuated a reverse stock split
on September 17, 2024 of 1 for 8</span> <span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">shares of common stock. All share values within
this report have been retroactively adjusted to the post reverse split values. All outstanding shares of our common stock are of the
same class and have equal rights and attributes. The holders of our common stock are entitled to one vote per share on all matters submitted
to a vote of the stockholders of our company. Our common stock does not have cumulative voting rights. Persons who hold a majority of
the outstanding shares of our common stock entitled to vote on the election of directors can elect all of the directors who are eligible
for election. Holders of our common stock are entitled to share equally in dividends, if any, as may be declared from time to time by
our Board of Directors. In the event of liquidation, dissolution, or winding up of our company, subject to the preferential liquidation
rights of any series of preferred stock that we may from time to time designate, the holders of our common stock are entitled to share
ratably in all of our assets remaining after payment of all liabilities and preferential liquidation rights. Holders of our common stock
have no conversion, exchange, sinking fund, redemption, or appraisal rights (other than such as may be determined by the Board of Directors
in its sole discretion) and have no preemptive rights to subscribe for any of our securities.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify">During September 2024 we
sold to a certain institutional investor pursuant to a prospectus supplement and prospectus (i) <span id="xdx_904_eus-gaap--StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesOther_pid_c20240901__20240930__us-gaap--StatementEquityComponentsAxis__us-gaap--CommonStockMember_zDBqDI8DMti1" title="New shares issued"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesOther" contextRef="From2024-09-012024-09-30_us-gaap_CommonStockMember" id="Fact000769" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="INF" unitRef="Shares">225,000</ix:nonFraction></span> shares of common stock, par value
$<span id="xdx_901_eus-gaap--CommonStockParOrStatedValuePerShare_iI_c20240930__us-gaap--StatementEquityComponentsAxis__us-gaap--CommonStockMember_ztksppWpep43" title="Common stock, par value"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:CommonStockParOrStatedValuePerShare" contextRef="AsOf2024-09-30_us-gaap_CommonStockMember" id="Fact000771" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="INF" unitRef="USDPShares">0.00001</ix:nonFraction></span> per share (the &#8220;Common Stock&#8221;), at an offering price of $<span id="xdx_904_eus-gaap--SharesIssuedPricePerShare_iI_c20240930__us-gaap--StatementEquityComponentsAxis__us-gaap--CommonStockMember_zwqwjbFFZgAj" title="Offering prices"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:SharesIssuedPricePerShare" contextRef="AsOf2024-09-30_us-gaap_CommonStockMember" id="Fact000773" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="INF" unitRef="USDPShares">3.44</ix:nonFraction></span> per share, and (ii) pre-funded warrants to purchase
up to <span id="xdx_909_eus-gaap--ClassOfWarrantOrRightNumberOfSecuritiesCalledByWarrantsOrRights_iI_pid_c20240930__us-gaap--StatementEquityComponentsAxis__us-gaap--WarrantMember__us-gaap--RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis__us-gaap--InvestorMember_zrhbrZ54tJki" title="Purchase of warrants"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:ClassOfWarrantOrRightNumberOfSecuritiesCalledByWarrantsOrRights" contextRef="AsOf2024-09-30_us-gaap_WarrantMember_us-gaap_InvestorMember" id="Fact000775" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="INF" unitRef="Shares">400,000</ix:nonFraction></span> shares of Common Stock, at an offering price of $<span id="xdx_901_eus-gaap--ClassOfWarrantOrRightExercisePriceOfWarrantsOrRights1_iI_c20240930__us-gaap--StatementEquityComponentsAxis__us-gaap--WarrantMember__us-gaap--RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis__us-gaap--InvestorMember_zZyOHdAtBlD8" title="Offering prices"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:ClassOfWarrantOrRightExercisePriceOfWarrantsOrRights1" contextRef="AsOf2024-09-30_us-gaap_WarrantMember_us-gaap_InvestorMember" id="Fact000777" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="INF" unitRef="USDPShares">3.43</ix:nonFraction></span> per pre-funded warrant, to the investor whose purchase of Common
Stock in this offering would otherwise result in the investor, together with its affiliates and certain related parties, beneficially
own more than 4.99% (or at the election of the investor, 9.99%) of our outstanding common stock immediately following the consummation
of the offering. Each of the pre-funded warrants will be exercisable for one share of Common Stock. The pre-funded warrants had an exercise
price of $<span id="xdx_90D_eus-gaap--ClassOfWarrantOrRightExercisePriceOfWarrantsOrRights1_iI_c20241231__us-gaap--StatementEquityComponentsAxis__us-gaap--WarrantMember_zQY9hcjUIdd9" title="Offering prices"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:ClassOfWarrantOrRightExercisePriceOfWarrantsOrRights1" contextRef="AsOf2024-12-31_us-gaap_WarrantMember" id="Fact000779" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="INF" unitRef="USDPShares">0.01</ix:nonFraction></span> per share, were immediately exercisable and could be exercised at any time until all of the pre-funded warrants issued
in the offering were exercised in full. All <span id="xdx_909_eus-gaap--ClassOfWarrantOrRightNumberOfSecuritiesCalledByWarrantsOrRights_iI_pid_c20241031__us-gaap--StatementEquityComponentsAxis__us-gaap--WarrantMember_zYV8IpnL6O33" title="Purchase of warrants"><span id="xdx_90C_eus-gaap--ClassOfWarrantOrRightNumberOfSecuritiesCalledByWarrantsOrRights_iI_pid_c20241130__us-gaap--StatementEquityComponentsAxis__us-gaap--WarrantMember_zcwhiR8gVcVe" title="Purchase of warrants"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:ClassOfWarrantOrRightNumberOfSecuritiesCalledByWarrantsOrRights" contextRef="AsOf2024-10-31_us-gaap_WarrantMember" id="Fact000781" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="INF" unitRef="Shares"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:ClassOfWarrantOrRightNumberOfSecuritiesCalledByWarrantsOrRights" contextRef="AsOf2024-11-30_us-gaap_WarrantMember" id="Fact000783" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="INF" unitRef="Shares">400,000</ix:nonFraction></ix:nonFraction></span></span> pre-funded warrants were exercised during October and November 2024. The Company issued an aggregate of <span id="xdx_908_eus-gaap--StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesNewIssues_c20240901__20240930_z0NkJVanEwwk" title="Stock issued during period shares new issues"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesNewIssues" contextRef="From2024-09-012024-09-30" id="Fact000785" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="INF" unitRef="Shares">625,000</ix:nonFraction></span> shares of common stock resulting in net proceeds of $<span id="xdx_900_eus-gaap--ProceedsFromIssuanceOfCommonStock_c20240901__20240930_zcxNaYlvlHBh" title="Net proceeds of direct offering"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:ProceedsFromIssuanceOfCommonStock" contextRef="From2024-09-012024-09-30" id="Fact000787" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="0" unitRef="USD">1,683,970</ix:nonFraction></span> as a
result of the direct offering.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">In
a concurrent private placement, we issued to such institutional investor unregistered Series A warrants to purchase up to <span id="xdx_908_eus-gaap--ClassOfWarrantOrRightNumberOfSecuritiesCalledByWarrantsOrRights_iI_pid_c20241231__us-gaap--StatementEquityComponentsAxis__custom--UnregisteredSeriesAWarrantsMember_zNs8nyyf09H3"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:ClassOfWarrantOrRightNumberOfSecuritiesCalledByWarrantsOrRights" contextRef="AsOf2024-12-31_custom_UnregisteredSeriesAWarrantsMember" id="Fact000788" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="INF" unitRef="Shares">625,000</ix:nonFraction>
</span></span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">shares of Common Stock and unregistered Series
B warrants to purchase up to <span id="xdx_900_eus-gaap--ClassOfWarrantOrRightNumberOfSecuritiesCalledByWarrantsOrRights_iI_pid_c20241231__us-gaap--StatementEquityComponentsAxis__custom--UnregisteredSeriesBWarrantsMember_z0r9y1xkrB96"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:ClassOfWarrantOrRightNumberOfSecuritiesCalledByWarrantsOrRights" contextRef="AsOf2024-12-31_custom_UnregisteredSeriesBWarrantsMember" id="Fact000789" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="INF" unitRef="Shares">625,000</ix:nonFraction>
</span></span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">shares of Common Stock, which warrants will be
exercisable on the effective date of stockholder approval of the issuance of the shares upon exercise of the unregistered warrants (the
&#8220;Stockholder Approval&#8221;), at an exercise price of $<span id="xdx_90B_eus-gaap--ClassOfWarrantOrRightExercisePriceOfWarrantsOrRights1_iI_c20241231_zZfErgTczNn3"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:ClassOfWarrantOrRightExercisePriceOfWarrantsOrRights1" contextRef="AsOf2024-12-31" id="Fact000790" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="INF" unitRef="USDPShares">3.44</ix:nonFraction>
</span></span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">per share. The Series A warrants will expire
<span id="xdx_908_eus-gaap--WarrantsAndRightsOutstandingTerm_iI_dc_c20241231__us-gaap--StatementEquityComponentsAxis__custom--UnregisteredSeriesAWarrantsMember_zx3SgP7PIYb3"><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="AsOf2024-12-31_custom_UnregisteredSeriesAWarrantsMember" format="ixt-sec:durwordsen" id="Fact000791" name="us-gaap:WarrantsAndRightsOutstandingTerm">five
years</ix:nonNumeric></span></span> <span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">following the Stockholder Approval and the
Series B warrants will expire <span id="xdx_909_eus-gaap--WarrantsAndRightsOutstandingTerm_iI_dtM_c20241231__us-gaap--StatementEquityComponentsAxis__custom--UnregisteredSeriesBWarrantsMember_z60or0y7Lure"><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="AsOf2024-12-31_custom_UnregisteredSeriesBWarrantsMember" format="ixt-sec:durmonth" id="Fact000792" name="us-gaap:WarrantsAndRightsOutstandingTerm">18</ix:nonNumeric></span>
months</span> <span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">following the Stockholder Approval. The
unregistered warrants and the unregistered common stock issuable upon the exercise of the warrants were offered pursuant to the exemptions
provided in Section 4(a)(2) under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, or the Securities Act, and/or Regulation D promulgated thereunder.
The Company adjourned its annual meeting until June 2, 2025 to continue to solicit votes for the approval of the unregistered Series
A and Series B warrants.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify; margin: 0pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
company issued <span id="xdx_90B_eus-gaap--ClassOfWarrantOrRightNumberOfSecuritiesCalledByWarrantsOrRights_iI_c20241231__us-gaap--ClassOfWarrantOrRightAxis__custom--September2024DirectOfferingMember_z2TSZWfaehc" title="Number of warrants issued"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:ClassOfWarrantOrRightNumberOfSecuritiesCalledByWarrantsOrRights" contextRef="AsOf2024-12-31_custom_September2024DirectOfferingMember" id="Fact000794" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="INF" unitRef="Shares">46,876</ix:nonFraction></span> warrants to the underwriters of the September 2024 direct offering, with an exercise price of $<span id="xdx_905_eus-gaap--ClassOfWarrantOrRightExercisePriceOfWarrantsOrRights1_iI_pid_uUSDPShares_c20241231__us-gaap--ClassOfWarrantOrRightAxis__custom--September2024DirectOfferingMember_zl07FjVDdTxb" title="Exercise price"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:ClassOfWarrantOrRightExercisePriceOfWarrantsOrRights1" contextRef="AsOf2024-12-31_custom_September2024DirectOfferingMember" id="Fact000796" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="INF" unitRef="USDPShares">4.30</ix:nonFraction></span> per common
share and an expiration date of September 4, 2029.</span></p>
<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify">Restricted <span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Common
shares issued for services</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
Company issued <span id="xdx_90B_eus-gaap--StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesIssuedForServices_pid_c20240101__20241231_zSRGzPd53Lrd" title="Common stock with a fair shares"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesIssuedForServices" contextRef="From2024-01-01to2024-12-31" id="Fact000798" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="INF" unitRef="Shares">12,500</ix:nonFraction></span> shares of its common stock with a fair value of $<span id="xdx_906_eus-gaap--StockIssuedDuringPeriodValueIssuedForServices_pid_c20240101__20241231_znSACSpEsvwk" title="Common stock with a fair value"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:StockIssuedDuringPeriodValueIssuedForServices" contextRef="From2024-01-01to2024-12-31" id="Fact000800" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="INF" unitRef="USD">90,000</ix:nonFraction></span> for services during the year ended December 31, 2024. The
Company issued <span id="xdx_903_eus-gaap--StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesIssuedForServices_pid_c20230101__20231231_z4KB6W9Q5KB1" title="Common stock with a fair shares"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesIssuedForServices" contextRef="From2023-01-012023-12-31" id="Fact000802" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="INF" unitRef="Shares">19,656</ix:nonFraction></span> shares of its common stock with a fair value of $<span id="xdx_90D_eus-gaap--StockIssuedDuringPeriodValueIssuedForServices_pid_c20230101__20231231_zff3PhFTk0fi" title="Common stock with a fair value"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:StockIssuedDuringPeriodValueIssuedForServices" contextRef="From2023-01-012023-12-31" id="Fact000804" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="INF" unitRef="USD">138,546</ix:nonFraction></span> for services during the year ended December 31, 2023.</span></p>
<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

</ix:nonNumeric><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="From2024-01-01to2024-12-31" escape="true" id="Fact000806" name="us-gaap:DisclosureOfCompensationRelatedCostsShareBasedPaymentsTextBlock"><p id="xdx_80A_eus-gaap--DisclosureOfCompensationRelatedCostsShareBasedPaymentsTextBlock_z1JmD1fYF24h" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>NOTE
6 <span id="xdx_826_zGpIN0QJkm61">STOCK OPTION PLAN AND WARRANTS</span></b></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b><span style="text-decoration: underline">Stock
Options</span></b></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">On
January 18, 2010, we adopted the 2010 Stock Option Plan (the &#8220;2010 Option Plan&#8221;), which allows the Board to grant options
to purchase up to <span id="xdx_90A_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardNumberOfSharesAuthorized_iI_c20100118__us-gaap--PlanNameAxis__custom--TwoThousandTenStockOptionPlanMember_zucZHhMR2hMe" title="Number of shares authorized under plan"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardNumberOfSharesAuthorized" contextRef="AsOf2010-01-18_custom_TwoThousandTenStockOptionPlanMember" id="Fact000808" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="INF" unitRef="Shares">15,625</ix:nonFraction></span> shares of common stock to directors, officers, key employees, and service providers of our company. In 2011,
the 2010 Option Plan was amended to increase the number of shares issuable under the 2010 Option Plan to <span id="xdx_90B_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardNumberOfSharesAuthorized_iI_c20111231__us-gaap--PlanNameAxis__custom--TwoThousandTenStockOptionPlanMember_zg8DJjiu9dKa" title="Number of shares authorized under plan"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardNumberOfSharesAuthorized" contextRef="AsOf2011-12-31_custom_TwoThousandTenStockOptionPlanMember" id="Fact000810" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="INF" unitRef="Shares">375,000</ix:nonFraction></span> shares. In 2012, 2010
Option Plan was again amended to increase the number of shares issuable under the 2010 Option Plan to <span id="xdx_908_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardNumberOfSharesAuthorized_iI_c20121231__us-gaap--PlanNameAxis__custom--TwoThousandTenStockOptionPlanMember_zvqTvEE9nBg4" title="Number of shares authorized under plan"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardNumberOfSharesAuthorized" contextRef="AsOf2012-12-31_custom_TwoThousandTenStockOptionPlanMember" id="Fact000812" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="INF" unitRef="Shares">203,125</ix:nonFraction></span> shares. The shares issuable
pursuant to the 2010 Option Plan are registered with the SEC under Forms S-8 filed on February 4, 2010 (No. 333- 164691), June 24, 2011
(No. 333-175143), and December 4, 2013 (No. 333-192655). The 2010 Option Plan expired on January 18, 2020. As of December 31, 2024 there
were <span id="xdx_902_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingNumber_iI_c20241231__us-gaap--PlanNameAxis__custom--TwoThousandTenStockOptionPlanMember_zZ25vPmT3Et9" title="Options outstanding"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingNumber" contextRef="AsOf2024-12-31_custom_TwoThousandTenStockOptionPlanMember" id="Fact000814" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="INF" unitRef="Shares">23,659</ix:nonFraction></span> options outstanding under the 2010 Option Plan.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">On
December 15, 2020, we adopted the Iveda Solutions, Inc. 2020 Plan (the &#8220;2020 Plan&#8221;). The 2020 Plan has a maximum of <span id="xdx_905_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardNumberOfSharesAuthorized_iI_c20201215__us-gaap--PlanNameAxis__custom--TwoThousandTwentyPlanMember__srt--RangeAxis__srt--MaximumMember_zZQibX0vRHHf" title="Number of shares authorized under plan"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardNumberOfSharesAuthorized" contextRef="AsOf2020-12-15_custom_TwoThousandTwentyPlanMember_srt_MaximumMember" id="Fact000816" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="INF" unitRef="Shares">156,250</ix:nonFraction></span>
shares authorized with similar terms and conditions to the 2010 Option Plan. As of December 31, 2024 there were <span id="xdx_90C_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingNumber_iI_c20241231__us-gaap--PlanNameAxis__custom--TwoThousandTwentyPlanMember_z64ETCNZolkd" title="Options outstanding"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingNumber" contextRef="AsOf2024-12-31_custom_TwoThousandTwentyPlanMember" id="Fact000818" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="INF" unitRef="Shares">193,397</ix:nonFraction></span> options outstanding
under the 2020 Option Plan. The shares issuable pursuant to the 2020 Option Plan are registered with the SEC under Forms S-8 filed on
October 7, 2022 (No. 333- 267792). In 2024, the 2020 Option Plan was amended to increase the number of shares issuable under the 2020
Option Plan to <span id="xdx_902_eus-gaap--StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesNewIssues_c20240101__20241231__us-gaap--PlanNameAxis__custom--TwoThousandTwentyPlanMember_zUEVuviDfbK7" title="Share issuable"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesNewIssues" contextRef="From2024-01-012024-12-31_custom_TwoThousandTwentyPlanMember" id="Fact000820" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="INF" unitRef="Shares">656,250</ix:nonFraction></span> shares.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>


<ix:exclude><!-- Field: Page; Sequence: 66; Value: 1 -->
    <div style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; margin-bottom: 6pt"><table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; font-size: 10pt"><tr style="vertical-align: top; text-align: left"><td style="text-align: center; width: 100%">F-<!-- Field: Sequence; Type: Arabic; Name: PageNo -->15<!-- Field: /Sequence --></td></tr></table></div>
    <div style="break-before: page; margin-top: 6pt"><p style="margin: 0pt">&#160;</p></div>
    <!-- Field: /Page --></ix:exclude>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">As
of December 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, there were <span id="xdx_904_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingNumber_iI_c20241231__us-gaap--PlanNameAxis__custom--StockOptionPlanMember_zm5ziIHQOoNb" title="Options outstanding"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingNumber" contextRef="AsOf2024-12-31_custom_StockOptionPlanMember" id="Fact000822" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="INF" unitRef="Shares">217,056</ix:nonFraction></span> and <span id="xdx_90E_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingNumber_iI_c20231231__us-gaap--PlanNameAxis__custom--StockOptionPlanMember_zsGBxl9SU2Bc" title="Options outstanding"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingNumber" contextRef="AsOf2023-12-31_custom_StockOptionPlanMember" id="Fact000824" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="INF" unitRef="Shares">162,265</ix:nonFraction></span> options outstanding, respectively, under all the option plans.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Stock
options may be granted as either incentive stock options intended to qualify under Section 422 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986,
as amended (the &#8220;Code&#8221;), or as options not qualified under Section 422 of the Code. All options are issued with an exercise
price at or above the fair market value of the common stock on the date of the grant as determined by our Board of Directors. Incentive
stock option plan awards of restricted stock are intended to qualify as deductible performance-based compensation under Section 162(m)
of the Code. Incentive Stock Option awards of unrestricted stock are not designed to be deductible to us under Section 162(m). Under
the plans, stock options will terminate on the tenth anniversary date of the grant or earlier if provided in the grant.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">We
have also granted non-qualified stock options to employees and contractors. All non-qualified options are generally issued with an
exercise price no less than the fair value of the common stock on the date of the grant as determined by our Board of Directors.
Options may be exercised up to ten years following the date of the grant, with vesting schedules determined by us upon grant.
Vesting schedules vary by grant, with some fully vesting immediately upon grant to others that ratably vest over a period of time up
to four years. Standard vested options may be exercised up to three months following date of termination of the relationship unless
alternate terms are specified at grant. The fair values of options are determined using the Black-Scholes option-pricing model. The
estimated fair value of options is recognized as expense on the straight-line basis over the options&#8217; vesting periods. At
December 31, 2024, we had approximately $<span id="xdx_903_eus-gaap--EmployeeServiceShareBasedCompensationNonvestedAwardsTotalCompensationCostNotYetRecognized_iI_pp0p0_c20241231_zbEOC4qslIRd" title="Unrecognized stock- based compensation"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:EmployeeServiceShareBasedCompensationNonvestedAwardsTotalCompensationCostNotYetRecognized" contextRef="AsOf2024-12-31" id="Fact000826" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="0" scale="0" unitRef="USD">32,800</ix:nonFraction></span>
unrecognized stock-based compensation. During 2024 and 2023, the Company granted <span id="xdx_90A_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsGrantsInPeriod_c20240101__20241231_zV1kGGR2s9Mh" title="Shares granted"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsGrantsInPeriod" contextRef="From2024-01-01to2024-12-31" id="Fact000828" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="INF" unitRef="Shares">79,000</ix:nonFraction></span>
and <span id="xdx_90F_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsGrantsInPeriod_c20230101__20231231_zXEFVGh6DAN7" title="Shares granted"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsGrantsInPeriod" contextRef="From2023-01-012023-12-31" id="Fact000830" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="INF" unitRef="Shares">37,188</ix:nonFraction></span>
stock options with a weighted average fair value of $<span id="xdx_909_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsGrantsInPeriodWeightedAverageGrantDateFairValue_pid_c20240101__20241231_z3Afnqmg225d" title="Fair value"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsGrantsInPeriodWeightedAverageGrantDateFairValue" contextRef="From2024-01-01to2024-12-31" id="Fact000832" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="INF" unitRef="USDPShares">1.10</ix:nonFraction></span>
and $<span id="xdx_905_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsGrantsInPeriodWeightedAverageGrantDateFairValue_pid_c20230101__20231231_zJ63YE6Mp6x4" title="Fair value"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsGrantsInPeriodWeightedAverageGrantDateFairValue" contextRef="From2023-01-012023-12-31" id="Fact000834" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="INF" unitRef="USDPShares">0.34</ix:nonFraction></span> per share,
respectively. The Company recorded stock compensation costs of $<span id="xdx_900_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensation_c20240101__20241231_zzmhbIea6lDc" title="Stock option compensation"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:ShareBasedCompensation" contextRef="From2024-01-01to2024-12-31" id="Fact000836" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="0" unitRef="USD">122,600</ix:nonFraction></span>
and $<span id="xdx_90B_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensation_c20230101__20231231_zDsjaSQVKnCe" title="Stock option compensation"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:ShareBasedCompensation" contextRef="From2023-01-012023-12-31" id="Fact000838" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="0" unitRef="USD">104,600</ix:nonFraction></span>
on vesting of the options during 2024 and 2023, respectively.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<ix:nonNumeric contextRef="From2024-01-01to2024-12-31" escape="true" id="Fact000840" name="us-gaap:DisclosureOfShareBasedCompensationArrangementsByShareBasedPaymentAwardTextBlock"><p id="xdx_89D_eus-gaap--DisclosureOfShareBasedCompensationArrangementsByShareBasedPaymentAwardTextBlock_z90JcSGkVIoa" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Stock
option transactions during 2024 and 2023 were as follows:</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><span id="xdx_8B8_z1UedftvW1m3" style="display: none">SCHEDULE
OF STOCK OPTION TRANSACTIONS</span></span></p>

<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 90%">
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
    <td>&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td colspan="6" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: center">2024</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td colspan="6" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: center">2023</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
    <td>&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: center">Shares</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: center">Weighted- <br/> Average <br/> Exercise <br/> Price</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: center">Shares</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: center">Weighted- <br/> Average <br/> Exercise <br/> Price</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
    <td>&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td colspan="2">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td colspan="2">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td colspan="2">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td colspan="2">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="width: 34%; text-align: left">Outstanding at Beginning of Year</td><td style="width: 2%">&#160;</td>
    <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td id="xdx_982_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingNumber_iS_c20240101__20241231_zienb6zj1k9i" title="Shares, Outstanding at Beginning of Year" style="width: 10%; text-align: right"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingNumber" contextRef="AsOf2023-12-31" id="Fact000842" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="INF" unitRef="Shares">162,625</ix:nonFraction></td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="width: 2%">&#160;</td>
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  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
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  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
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  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
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  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 2.5pt">Options Exercisable at Year-End</td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt">&#160;</td>
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</ix:nonNumeric><p id="xdx_8AC_za9IghmJzAY8" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<ix:nonNumeric contextRef="From2024-01-01to2024-12-31" escape="true" id="Fact000890" name="us-gaap:ScheduleOfShareBasedCompensationSharesAuthorizedUnderStockOptionPlansByExercisePriceRangeTextBlock"><p id="xdx_898_eus-gaap--ScheduleOfShareBasedCompensationSharesAuthorizedUnderStockOptionPlansByExercisePriceRangeTextBlock_zcAnqU3wxzH2" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Information
with respect to stock options outstanding and exercisable at December 31, 2024 is as follows:</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><span id="xdx_8BE_zgYwm8vRl8pg" style="display: none">SCHEDULE
OF STOCK OPTION OUTSTANDING AND EXERCISABLE AND EXERCISABLE EXERCISE PRICE RANGE</span></span></p>

<table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
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    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
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    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="6" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Options
    Exercisable</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom">
    <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Range
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    Exercise<br/>
    Prices</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
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    Outstanding at<br/>
    December 31,<br/>
    2024</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
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    Average<br/>
    Remaining<br/>
    Contractual <br/>
    Life</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Weighted-
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    Average<br/>
    Exercise <br/>
    Price</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
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    Exercisable at <br/>
    December 31,<br/>
    2024</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
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    Average <br/>
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    Price</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: #CCEEFF">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">$</span></td>
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    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 2%"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
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</ix:nonNumeric><p id="xdx_8AA_zff9kOXYVdYe" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
fair value of each option granted is estimated on the date of grant using the Black-Scholes option-pricing model with the following weighted-average
assumptions used for options granted.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>


<ix:exclude><!-- Field: Page; Sequence: 67; Value: 1 -->
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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<ix:nonNumeric contextRef="From2024-01-01to2024-12-31" escape="true" id="Fact000906" name="us-gaap:ScheduleOfStockholdersEquityNoteWarrantsOrRightsTextBlock"><p id="xdx_898_eus-gaap--ScheduleOfStockholdersEquityNoteWarrantsOrRightsTextBlock_zGlGGmhjOsnd" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Warrant
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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><span id="xdx_8B0_zeGUnGD4sIDd" style="display: none">SCHEDULE OF WARRANT TRANSACTIONS</span></span></p>

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  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
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  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td>Exercised</td><td>&#160;</td>
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  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1pt">Forfeited or Cancelled</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td id="xdx_989_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardNonOptionEquityInstrumentsForfeitures_iN_di_c20240101__20241231_zKkiW1LP1Frj" title="Shares, Forfeited or Canceled" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right">(<ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardNonOptionEquityInstrumentsForfeitures" contextRef="From2024-01-01to2024-12-31" id="Fact000932" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="INF" unitRef="Shares">46,537</ix:nonFraction></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">)</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
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    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td id="xdx_980_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardNonOptionEquityInstrumentsForfeitures_iN_di_c20230101__20231231_zrt688OnM3h7" title="Shares, Forfeited or Canceled" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right">(<ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardNonOptionEquityInstrumentsForfeitures" contextRef="From2023-01-012023-12-31" id="Fact000936" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="INF" unitRef="Shares">30,639</ix:nonFraction></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">)</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
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  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
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    <td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td id="xdx_98E_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardNonOptionEquityInstrumentsOutstandingNumber_iE_c20240101__20241231_zjwXUHhTKPLf" title="Shares, Outstanding at End of Year" style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardNonOptionEquityInstrumentsOutstandingNumber" contextRef="AsOf2024-12-31" id="Fact000940" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="INF" unitRef="Shares">1,882,076</ix:nonFraction></td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td id="xdx_984_ecustom--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardNonOptionsOutstandingWeightedAverageExercisePrice_iE_c20240101__20241231_zdfg0k3khDR1" title="Weighted-Average Exercise Price, Outstanding at End of Year" style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: right"><ix:nonFraction name="IVDA:ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardNonOptionsOutstandingWeightedAverageExercisePrice" contextRef="AsOf2024-12-31" id="Fact000942" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="INF" unitRef="USDPShares">2.84</ix:nonFraction></td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td id="xdx_984_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardNonOptionEquityInstrumentsOutstandingNumber_iE_c20230101__20231231_z84zNm87bMj2" title="Shares, Outstanding at End of Year" style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardNonOptionEquityInstrumentsOutstandingNumber" contextRef="AsOf2023-12-31" id="Fact000944" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="INF" unitRef="Shares">631,737</ix:nonFraction></td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td id="xdx_982_ecustom--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardNonOptionsOutstandingWeightedAverageExercisePrice_iE_c20230101__20231231_zUsEwqmpdAzk" title="Weighted-Average Exercise Price, Outstanding at End of Year" style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: right"><ix:nonFraction name="IVDA:ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardNonOptionsOutstandingWeightedAverageExercisePrice" contextRef="AsOf2023-12-31" id="Fact000946" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="INF" unitRef="USDPShares">75.34</ix:nonFraction></td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 2.5pt">Warrant Exercisable at Year-End</td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt">&#160;</td>
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  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
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</ix:nonNumeric><p id="xdx_8A3_zVwACKra1zHl" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<ix:nonNumeric contextRef="From2024-01-01to2024-12-31" escape="true" id="Fact000960" name="IVDA:ScheduleOfStockholdersEquityNoteWarrantsTableTextBlock"><p id="xdx_895_ecustom--ScheduleOfStockholdersEquityNoteWarrantsTableTextBlock_zKUSb3JVLPm5" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Information
with respect to warrants outstanding and exercisable at December 31, 2024 is as follows:</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><span id="xdx_8B5_zARhjQfxqn0c" style="display: none">SUMMARY
OF WARRANTS OUTSTANDING AND EXERCISABLE</span></span></p>

<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%">
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
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    <td colspan="6" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Warrants
    Exercisable</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
    <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Range
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  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
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    <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">$</span></td><td id="xdx_98F_ecustom--WarrantsOutstandingWeightedAverageExercisePriceValue_iI_c20241231__us-gaap--AwardTypeAxis__us-gaap--WarrantMember_zQJCus4JNgj1" title="Weighted-Average Exercise Price" style="width: 13%; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><ix:nonFraction name="IVDA:WarrantsOutstandingWeightedAverageExercisePriceValue" contextRef="AsOf2024-12-31_us-gaap_WarrantMember15944156" id="Fact000970" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="INF" unitRef="USDPShares">3.47</ix:nonFraction></span></td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="width: 2%"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td id="xdx_98F_ecustom--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardNonOptionEquityInstrumentsExercisableNumber_iI_c20241231__us-gaap--AwardTypeAxis__us-gaap--WarrantMember_z3K4yxvWzU0l" title="Warrants Exercisable" style="width: 13%; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><ix:nonFraction name="IVDA:ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardNonOptionEquityInstrumentsExercisableNumber" contextRef="AsOf2024-12-31_us-gaap_WarrantMember15944156" id="Fact000972" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="INF" unitRef="Shares">585,200</ix:nonFraction></span></td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="width: 2%"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">$</span></td><td id="xdx_98D_ecustom--WarrantsExercisableWeightedAverageExercisePriceValue_iI_c20241231__us-gaap--AwardTypeAxis__us-gaap--WarrantMember_zDFsfmgoFkXc" title="Warrants Exercisable, Weighted-Average Exercise Price" style="width: 13%; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><ix:nonFraction name="IVDA:WarrantsExercisableWeightedAverageExercisePriceValue" contextRef="AsOf2024-12-31_us-gaap_WarrantMember15944156" id="Fact000974" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="INF" unitRef="USDPShares">22.59</ix:nonFraction></span></td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  </table>

</ix:nonNumeric><p id="xdx_8AE_zVPGi4Yh9O68" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
fair value of each warrant granted is estimated on the date of grant using the Black-Scholes option-pricing model with the following
weighted-average assumptions used for options granted.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">During the year ended December 31, 2023, warrant
holders exercised <span id="xdx_909_ecustom--StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesStockWarrantsExercised_c20230101__20231231_zSxq8idQcQJc" title="Exercised warrants, shares"><ix:nonFraction name="IVDA:StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesStockWarrantsExercised" contextRef="From2023-01-012023-12-31" id="Fact000976" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="INF" unitRef="Shares">118,238</ix:nonFraction></span> warrants to acquire <span id="xdx_909_ecustom--StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesStockWarrantsToAcquire_c20230101__20231231_zwPbpgRUNU1i" title="Acquire shares"><ix:nonFraction name="IVDA:StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesStockWarrantsToAcquire" contextRef="From2023-01-012023-12-31" id="Fact000978" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="INF" unitRef="Shares">118,238</ix:nonFraction></span> shares for net proceeds to the Company of $<span id="xdx_90C_eus-gaap--ProceedsFromIssuanceOfWarrants_c20230101__20231231_zOjTxci1071e" title="Net proceeds"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:ProceedsFromIssuanceOfWarrants" contextRef="From2023-01-012023-12-31" id="Fact000980" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="0" unitRef="USD">1,322,885</ix:nonFraction></span>.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>


<ix:exclude><!-- Field: Page; Sequence: 68; Value: 1 -->
    <div style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; margin-bottom: 6pt"><table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; font-size: 10pt"><tr style="vertical-align: top; text-align: left"><td style="text-align: center; width: 100%">F-<!-- Field: Sequence; Type: Arabic; Name: PageNo -->17<!-- Field: /Sequence --></td></tr></table></div>
    <div style="break-before: page; margin-top: 6pt"><p style="margin: 0pt">&#160;</p></div>
    <!-- Field: /Page --></ix:exclude>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

</ix:nonNumeric><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="From2024-01-01to2024-12-31" escape="true" id="Fact000982" name="us-gaap:IncomeTaxDisclosureTextBlock"><p id="xdx_807_eus-gaap--IncomeTaxDisclosureTextBlock_z2Zd0lRvmuDh" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>NOTE
7 <span id="xdx_82F_z4U2tOqZNETd">INCOME TAXES</span></b></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b><span style="text-decoration: underline">U.S.
Federal Corporate Income Tax</span></b></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
Company uses an asset and liability approach for accounting and reporting for income taxes that allows recognition and measurement of
deferred tax assets based upon the likelihood of realization of tax benefits in future years. Under the asset and liability approach,
deferred taxes are provided for the net tax effects of temporary differences between the carrying amounts of assets and liabilities for
financial reporting purposes and the amounts used for income tax purposes. A valuation allowance is provided for deferred tax assets
if it is more likely than not these items will either expire before the Company is able to realize their benefits, or that future deductibility
is uncertain. The Company&#8217;s policy is to recognize interest and/or penalties related to income tax matters in income tax expense.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">At
December 31, 2024, the Company had available Federal and state net operating loss carryforwards to reduce future taxable income. As of December 31, 2024, we had federal and state net operating loss carryforwards
for income tax purposes of approximately $<span id="xdx_900_eus-gaap--OperatingLossCarryforwards_iI_pn6n6_c20241231__us-gaap--IncomeTaxAuthorityAxis__us-gaap--DomesticCountryMember_zmoLmIAjHeh5" title="Operating loss carryforwards"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:OperatingLossCarryforwards" contextRef="AsOf2024-12-31_us-gaap_DomesticCountryMember" id="Fact000984" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-6" scale="6" unitRef="USD">38</ix:nonFraction></span> million which will begin to expire in 2025. We also have Arizona net operating loss carryforwards
for income tax purposes of approximately $ <span id="xdx_900_eus-gaap--OperatingLossCarryforwards_iI_pn5n6_c20241231__us-gaap--IncomeTaxAuthorityAxis__us-gaap--ForeignCountryMember_zVvH4Dew54Lh" title="Operating loss carryforwards"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:OperatingLossCarryforwards" contextRef="AsOf2024-12-31_us-gaap_ForeignCountryMember" id="Fact000986" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-5" scale="6" unitRef="USD">12.0</ix:nonFraction></span> million which expire after five years. These carryforwards have been utilized in the determination
of the deferred income taxes for financial statement purposes.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify">Given the Company&#8217;s history of net operating
losses, management has determined that it is more likely than not that the Company will not be able to realize the tax benefit of the
carryforwards. Accordingly, The Company has not recognized a deferred tax asset for this benefit. Section 382 generally limits the use
of NOLs and credits following an ownership change, which occurs when one or more <i>5 </i>percent shareholders increase their ownership,
in aggregate, by more than 50 percentage points over the lowest percentage of stock owned by such shareholders at any time during the
&#8220;testing period&#8221; (generally three years).</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
Company has adopted FASB guidelines that address the determination of whether lax benefits claimed or expected to be claimed on a tax
return should be recorded in the financial statements. Under this guidance, we may recognize the lax benefit from an uncertain lax position
only if it is more likely than not that the tax position will be sustained on examination by the taxing authorities, based on the technical
merits of the position. The tax benefits recognized in the financial statements from such a position should be measured based on the
largest benefit that has a greater than fifty percent likelihood of being realized upon ultimate settlement. This guidance also provides
guidance on de-recognition, classification, interest and penalties on income taxes, accounting in interim periods and requires increased
disclosures. As of December 31, 2024 and 2023, the Company did not have a liability for unrecognized tax benefits, and no adjustment
was required at adoption.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
Company&#8217;s policy is to record interest and penalties on uncertain tax provisions as income tax expense. As of December 31, 2024,
and 2023, the Company has not accrued interest or penalties related to uncertain tax positions. Additionally, tax years 2021 through
2024 remain open to examination by the major taxing jurisdictions to which the Company is subject.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Upon
the attainment of taxable income by the Company, management will assess the likelihood of realizing the tax benefit associated with the
use of the carryforwards and will recognize the appropriate deferred tax asset at that time.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<ix:nonNumeric contextRef="From2024-01-01to2024-12-31" escape="true" id="Fact000988" name="us-gaap:ScheduleOfEffectiveIncomeTaxRateReconciliationTableTextBlock"><p id="xdx_89A_eus-gaap--ScheduleOfEffectiveIncomeTaxRateReconciliationTableTextBlock_zyNEi8BYX8z7" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
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before income taxes as follows:</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;<span id="xdx_8BF_z7rLHVyey1S8" style="display: none">SCHEDULE
OF EFFECTIVE TAX RATE</span></span></p>

<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%">
<tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
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  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
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  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
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  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
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  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
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  </table>

</ix:nonNumeric><p id="xdx_8A3_zVNucUDg7P32" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>


<ix:exclude><!-- Field: Page; Sequence: 69; Value: 1 -->
    <div style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; margin-bottom: 6pt"><table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; font-size: 10pt"><tr style="vertical-align: top; text-align: left"><td style="text-align: center; width: 100%">F-<!-- Field: Sequence; Type: Arabic; Name: PageNo -->18<!-- Field: /Sequence --></td></tr></table></div>
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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<ix:nonNumeric contextRef="From2024-01-01to2024-12-31" escape="true" id="Fact001006" name="us-gaap:ScheduleOfDeferredTaxAssetsAndLiabilitiesTableTextBlock"><p id="xdx_893_eus-gaap--ScheduleOfDeferredTaxAssetsAndLiabilitiesTableTextBlock_znvs0DOOlUG8" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Temporary
differences between financial statement carrying amounts and the tax basis of assets and liabilities and tax credit and operating loss
carryforward that create deferred tax assets and liabilities are as follows:</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><span id="xdx_8BB_zCmuttW59pZd" style="display: none">SCHEDULE
OF DEFERRED TAX ASSETS AND LIABILITIES</span></span></p>

<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 80%">
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="text-align: center">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
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    <td style="width: 40%; text-align: left">Tax Operating Loss Carryforward</td><td style="width: 2%">&#160;</td>
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  <tr id="xdx_405_ecustom--UnamortizedResearchAndDevelopmentCosts_iI_maDTALNzqL8_zF547Q75xFQ9" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
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  <tr id="xdx_403_eus-gaap--DeferredTaxAssetsValuationAllowance_iNI_di_msDTALNzqL8_z1EcYVdAKqie" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1pt">Valuation Allowance</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right">(<ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:DeferredTaxAssetsValuationAllowance" contextRef="AsOf2024-12-31" id="Fact001014" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="0" unitRef="USD">10,107,000</ix:nonFraction></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">)</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right">(<ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:DeferredTaxAssetsValuationAllowance" contextRef="AsOf2023-12-31" id="Fact001015" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="0" unitRef="USD">7,975,000</ix:nonFraction></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">)</td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_402_eus-gaap--DeferredTaxAssetsLiabilitiesNet_iTI_mtDTALNzqL8_z9bZsgm0LL69" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 2.5pt">Deferred Tax Assets, Net</td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left">$</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1017">-</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left">$</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1018">-</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  </table>

</ix:nonNumeric><p id="xdx_8AD_zXCgzu5Uijyg" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
valuation allowance increased approximately $<span id="xdx_90A_eus-gaap--OperatingLossCarryforwardsValuationAllowance_iI_pn5n6_c20241231__us-gaap--StatementBusinessSegmentsAxis__custom--UsBasedSegmentMember_z8YkCJILtCF1" title="Valuation allowance increased"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:OperatingLossCarryforwardsValuationAllowance" contextRef="AsOf2024-12-31_custom_UsBasedSegmentMember" id="Fact001020" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-5" scale="6" unitRef="USD">0.8</ix:nonFraction></span> million, primarily as a result of the increased net operating losses of our U.S.- based
segment.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b><span style="text-decoration: underline">Taiwan
(Republic of China) Corporate Tax</span></b></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><span id="xdx_90D_ecustom--GovernmentCorporateTaxRate_c20240101__20241231_zsSqiqGRpfR" title="Corporate tax rate"><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="From2024-01-01to2024-12-31" id="Fact001022" name="IVDA:GovernmentCorporateTaxRate">Sole-Vision
Technologies, Inc. is a subsidiary of the Company which is operating in Taiwan as a profit-seeking enterprise. Its applicable corporate
income tax rate is 20%. In addition, Taiwan&#8217;s corporate tax system allows the government to levy a 10% profit retention tax on
undistributed earnings for the prior year. This tax will not be provided if the company distributed the earnings before the ended of
the fiscal year</ix:nonNumeric></span>.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">According
to the Taiwan corporate income tax (&#8220;TCIT&#8221;) reporting system, the TCIT sales cut-off base is concurrent with the business
tax classified as value-added type (&#8220;VAT&#8221;) which will be reported to the Ministry of Finance (&#8220;MOF&#8221;) on a bi-monthly
basis. Since the VAT and TCIT are accounted for on a VAT tax basis that recorded all sales on business tax on a VAT tax reporting system,
the Company is bound to report the TCIT according to the MOF prescribed tax reporting rules. Under the VAT tax reporting system, sales
cut-off did not take the accrual base but rather on a VAT taxable reporting basis. Therefore, when the company adopted US GAAP on accrual
basis, the sales cut-off TCIT timing difference which derived from the VAT reporting system will create a temporary sales cut-off timing
difference and this difference is reflected in the deferred tax assets or liabilities calculations.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>


<ix:exclude><!-- Field: Page; Sequence: 70; Value: 1 -->
    <div style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; margin-bottom: 6pt"><table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; font-size: 10pt"><tr style="vertical-align: top; text-align: left"><td style="text-align: center; width: 100%">F-<!-- Field: Sequence; Type: Arabic; Name: PageNo -->19<!-- Field: /Sequence --></td></tr></table></div>
    <div style="break-before: page; margin-top: 6pt"><p style="margin: 0pt">&#160;</p></div>
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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

</ix:nonNumeric><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="From2024-01-01to2024-12-31" escape="true" id="Fact001024" name="us-gaap:EarningsPerShareTextBlock"><p id="xdx_809_eus-gaap--EarningsPerShareTextBlock_zR2k4lpGxQY9" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>NOTE
8 <span id="xdx_82B_zDuEfp9fVvDb">EARNINGS (LOSS) PER SHARE</span></b></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
following table provides a reconciliation of the numerators and denominators reflected in the basic and diluted earnings per share computations,
as required by ASC No. 260, &#8220;Earnings per Share.&#8221;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Basic
earnings per share (&#8220;EPS&#8221;) is computed by dividing reported earnings available to stockholders by the weighted average shares
outstanding. We had net losses for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023 and the effect of including dilutive securities in the
earnings per common share would have been anti-dilutive for the purpose of calculating EPS. Accordingly, all options, warrants, and shares
potentially convertible into common shares were excluded from the calculation of diluted earnings per share for the periods ended December
31, 2024 and 2023.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<ix:nonNumeric contextRef="From2024-01-01to2024-12-31" escape="true" id="Fact001026" name="us-gaap:ScheduleOfEarningsPerShareBasicAndDilutedTableTextBlock"><p id="xdx_890_eus-gaap--ScheduleOfEarningsPerShareBasicAndDilutedTableTextBlock_zlPBcSqfDPUd" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><span id="xdx_8B3_zRN9XztZdsha" style="display: none">SCHEDULE OF EARNINGS PER SHARE BASIC AND DILUTED</span></span></p>

<table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 80%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
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    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
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    31, <br/>
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    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
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    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
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    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_40C_eus-gaap--EarningsPerShareBasicAbstract_iB_zyxzwISCZnRk" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: #CCEEFF">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>Basic
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    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_403_eus-gaap--ProfitLoss_zBNw75KQbIw6" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: white">
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    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 2%"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">$</span></td>
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    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">)</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 2%"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">$</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 16%; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(<ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:ProfitLoss" contextRef="From2023-01-012023-12-31" id="Fact001032" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="0" sign="-" unitRef="USD">4,142,666</ix:nonFraction></span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">)</span></td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_40A_ecustom--WeightedAverageSharesOutstandingBasic_zO0bWbLcfYgi" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: #CCEEFF">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Weighted
    Average Shares</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><ix:nonFraction name="IVDA:WeightedAverageSharesOutstandingBasic" contextRef="From2024-01-01to2024-12-31" id="Fact001034" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="INF" unitRef="Shares">2,203,893</ix:nonFraction></span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><ix:nonFraction name="IVDA:WeightedAverageSharesOutstandingBasic" contextRef="From2023-01-012023-12-31" id="Fact001035" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="INF" unitRef="Shares">1,996,678</ix:nonFraction></span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_406_eus-gaap--EarningsPerShareBasic_pid_zCKYju0VzkH7" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: white">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Basic
    Loss Per Share</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: black 2.25pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">$</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: black 2.25pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(<ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:EarningsPerShareBasic" contextRef="From2024-01-01to2024-12-31" id="Fact001037" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="INF" sign="-" unitRef="USDPShares">1.81</ix:nonFraction></span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">)</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: black 2.25pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">$</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: black 2.25pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(<ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:EarningsPerShareBasic" contextRef="From2023-01-012023-12-31" id="Fact001038" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="INF" sign="-" unitRef="USDPShares">2.07</ix:nonFraction></span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">)</span></td></tr>
  </table>
</ix:nonNumeric><p id="xdx_8AC_zma5zrIG5cq" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"></span></p>

<ix:nonNumeric contextRef="From2024-01-01to2024-12-31" escape="true" id="Fact001040" name="us-gaap:ScheduleOfAntidilutiveSecuritiesExcludedFromComputationOfEarningsPerShareTextBlock"><p id="xdx_897_eus-gaap--ScheduleOfAntidilutiveSecuritiesExcludedFromComputationOfEarningsPerShareTextBlock_zyXgBCT4gShd" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">For
the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, the calculations of basic and diluted loss per share are the same because potential dilutive
securities would have had an anti-dilutive effect. The potentially dilutive securities consisted of the following:</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span id="xdx_8B2_zHrq9zObvwWg" style="display: none">SCHEDULE OF BASIC AND DILUTED LOSS PER SHARES SECURITIES</span></p>

<table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="font: 12pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
    <td><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>
    <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"></p>
    <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"></p></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="2" id="xdx_497_20240101__20241231_zUkFLqtM7Hv3" style="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>December
    31, 2024</b></span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="2" id="xdx_496_20230101__20231231_zlGDgS85fjjh" style="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>December
    31, 2023</b></span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_400_eus-gaap--AntidilutiveSecuritiesExcludedFromComputationOfEarningsPerShareAmount_hus-gaap--AntidilutiveSecuritiesExcludedFromComputationOfEarningsPerShareByAntidilutiveSecuritiesAxis__us-gaap--WarrantMember_zi2bGHCVXsg" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: #CCEEFF">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 62%"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Warrants</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 16%; text-align: right"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:AntidilutiveSecuritiesExcludedFromComputationOfEarningsPerShareAmount" contextRef="From2024-01-012024-12-31_us-gaap_WarrantMember15945359" id="Fact001042" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="INF" unitRef="Shares">1,882,076</ix:nonFraction></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 16%; text-align: right"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:AntidilutiveSecuritiesExcludedFromComputationOfEarningsPerShareAmount" contextRef="From2023-01-012023-12-31_us-gaap_WarrantMember" id="Fact001043" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="INF" unitRef="Shares">631,737</ix:nonFraction></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_407_eus-gaap--AntidilutiveSecuritiesExcludedFromComputationOfEarningsPerShareAmount_hus-gaap--AntidilutiveSecuritiesExcludedFromComputationOfEarningsPerShareByAntidilutiveSecuritiesAxis__us-gaap--EmployeeStockOptionMember_zLEWNFaUzAW7" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: white">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Options</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:AntidilutiveSecuritiesExcludedFromComputationOfEarningsPerShareAmount" contextRef="From2024-01-012024-12-31_us-gaap_EmployeeStockOptionMember" id="Fact001045" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="INF" unitRef="Shares">217,016</ix:nonFraction></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:AntidilutiveSecuritiesExcludedFromComputationOfEarningsPerShareAmount" contextRef="From2023-01-012023-12-31_us-gaap_EmployeeStockOptionMember" id="Fact001046" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="INF" unitRef="Shares">162,625</ix:nonFraction></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_403_eus-gaap--AntidilutiveSecuritiesExcludedFromComputationOfEarningsPerShareAmount_zctC0W22WFf7" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: #CCEEFF">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Total</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: black 2.25pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: black 2.25pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:AntidilutiveSecuritiesExcludedFromComputationOfEarningsPerShareAmount" contextRef="From2024-01-01to2024-12-31" id="Fact001048" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="INF" unitRef="Shares">2,099,092</ix:nonFraction></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: black 2.25pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: black 2.25pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:AntidilutiveSecuritiesExcludedFromComputationOfEarningsPerShareAmount" contextRef="From2023-01-012023-12-31" id="Fact001049" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="INF" unitRef="Shares">794,362</ix:nonFraction></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  </table>
</ix:nonNumeric><p id="xdx_8AB_zJq6KvpFILwb" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><b></b></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><b></b></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><b></b></p>
<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

</ix:nonNumeric><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="From2024-01-01to2024-12-31" escape="true" id="Fact001051" name="us-gaap:CommitmentsAndContingenciesDisclosureTextBlock"><p id="xdx_801_eus-gaap--CommitmentsAndContingenciesDisclosureTextBlock_zNWLhjtIYiia" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>NOTE
9 <span id="xdx_822_zwvnluz2wlef">CONTINGENT LIABILITIES</span></b></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify">The Company may be involved in certain legal proceedings
that arise from time to time in the ordinary course of our business. Except for income tax contingencies, we record accruals for contingencies
to the extent that our management concludes that the occurrence is probable and that the related amounts of loss can be reasonably estimated.
Management believes the accompanying financial statements include all provisions, of any, for any potential losses. Legal expenses associated
with the contingency are expensed as incurred.</p>
<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">On
September 13, 2024 Aegis Capital Corp. commenced an action against <span id="xdx_908_eus-gaap--LossContingencyNameOfPlaintiff_c20240913__20240913__dei--LegalEntityAxis__custom--AegisCapitalCorpMember_zAepC2lRdqF1" title="Loss contingency name of plaintiff"><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="From2024-09-132024-09-13_custom_AegisCapitalCorpMember" id="Fact001053" name="us-gaap:LossContingencyNameOfPlaintiff">the Company alleging that it had breached the provisions of a
Placement Agency Agreement (PPA) dated June 24, 2024 and that the Company was required to pay the plaintiff placement agent fees as
a result of the Company&#8217;s September 4, 2024 direct offering of $2.15 million with H. C. Wainwright. The Company rejects
the Plaintiff&#8217;s claims that it is due the 7% plus expenses in the PPA and asserts that the PAA had been terminated on August
15, 2024 due to the plaintiff&#8217;s non-performance and that the plaintiff is not entitled to any fees in the offering since it
raised none of the funds in the offering. The action is currently in the discovery stage and the Company intends to vigorously
defend the action.</ix:nonNumeric></span></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify; margin: 0">Related to Iveda Taiwan pursuant to certain contracts with Chicony Power
Technology Co., Ltd., Shihlin Electric &amp; Engineering Corporation, Chung-Hsin Electric and Machinery Manufacturing Corp., and National
Chung Shan Institute of Science and Technology, Iveda Taiwan is required to provide after-project services. If Iveda Taiwan fails to
provide these after-project services in the future, other parties of the related contract would have recourse. The financial exposure
to Iveda Taiwan in the event of failure to provide after- project services in the future as of December 31, 2024 is $<span id="xdx_90D_eus-gaap--ConcentrationRiskCreditRiskFinancialInstrumentMaximumExposure_pp0p0_c20240101__20241231__dei--LegalEntityAxis__custom--MegasysMember_zIyhxemynvy3"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:ConcentrationRiskCreditRiskFinancialInstrumentMaximumExposure" contextRef="From2024-01-012024-12-31_custom_MegasysMember" id="Fact001054" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="0" scale="0" unitRef="USD">339,042</ix:nonFraction></span>.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p>

</ix:nonNumeric><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="From2024-01-01to2024-12-31" escape="true" id="Fact001056" name="us-gaap:SegmentReportingDisclosureTextBlock"><p id="xdx_80A_eus-gaap--SegmentReportingDisclosureTextBlock_zrt98ungJiv3" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>NOTE
10 <span><span><span id="xdx_82E_zBDRn4aT7kne">SEGMENT INFORMATION</span> </span></span></b></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b><span>&#160;</span></b></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
Company operates and manages its business as two reportable and operating segments. The Company&#8217;s CODM reviews financial information
presented and decides how to allocate resources based on net income (loss). Net income (loss) is used for evaluating financial performance.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify">Significant segment expenses include salaries and
payroll, stock based compensation, marketing, public company expenses, audit and accounting, consulting, research and development, travel
and entertainment, software subscription and other administrative expenses for the US and salaries and payroll, insurance, rent, travel
and entertainment, office supplies and postage, pension and other administrative expenses. The following table presents the significant
segment expenses and other segment items regularly reviewed by our CODM.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"></p>

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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b></b></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b></b></span></p>

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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"></p>
<ix:nonNumeric contextRef="From2024-01-01to2024-12-31" escape="true" id="Fact001058" name="us-gaap:ScheduleOfSegmentReportingInformationBySegmentTextBlock"><p id="xdx_894_eus-gaap--ScheduleOfSegmentReportingInformationBySegmentTextBlock_zXFUMtV8dcT1" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;<span id="xdx_8B6_zk8Y7YQYMcS1" style="display: none">SCHEDULE
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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"></span></p>

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  <tr id="xdx_40B_eus-gaap--TravelAndEntertainmentExpense_zbfMaJVwvtB8" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
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  <tr id="xdx_40F_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensation_zhyOybPkoTde" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
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  <tr id="xdx_404_eus-gaap--MarketingExpense_ze1xCkFVbL48" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
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  <tr id="xdx_407_ecustom--PublicCompanyExpenses_zteD4H4kH93g" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
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  <tr id="xdx_401_ecustom--AuditAndAccounting_zHNfAggN3Xb8" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
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  <tr id="xdx_409_ecustom--ConsultingServices_zx4wODHVADfi" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
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  <tr id="xdx_406_eus-gaap--ResearchAndDevelopmentExpense_zrLEkG0DZD3c" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
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  <tr id="xdx_408_ecustom--SoftwareSubscription_zcvwh9xj3Mp2" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
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  <tr id="xdx_401_eus-gaap--GeneralInsuranceExpense_zhmH5U8kLqUc" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
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  <tr id="xdx_408_ecustom--RentExpenses_z0ZrkHONwQs9" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
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  <tr id="xdx_40E_eus-gaap--OtherLaborRelatedExpenses_z7WFis3XDJy6" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
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  <tr id="xdx_40B_ecustom--InterestIncomeAndOtherExpensesNet_zqynIORrafSe" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
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  <tr id="xdx_408_eus-gaap--IncomeLossFromContinuingOperationsBeforeIncomeTaxesExtraordinaryItemsNoncontrollingInterest_zYazGWkjmYG3" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1pt"><b>Net loss before Income Tax</b></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">$</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right">(<ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:IncomeLossFromContinuingOperationsBeforeIncomeTaxesExtraordinaryItemsNoncontrollingInterest" contextRef="From2024-01-01to2024-12-31" id="Fact001207" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="0" sign="-" unitRef="USD">3,948,435</ix:nonFraction></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">)</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">$</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right">(<ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:IncomeLossFromContinuingOperationsBeforeIncomeTaxesExtraordinaryItemsNoncontrollingInterest" contextRef="From2024-01-012024-12-31_country_US" id="Fact001208" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="0" sign="-" unitRef="USD">4,007,247</ix:nonFraction></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">)</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
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    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">$</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right">(<ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:IncomeLossFromContinuingOperationsBeforeIncomeTaxesExtraordinaryItemsNoncontrollingInterest" contextRef="From2023-01-012023-12-31" id="Fact001210" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="0" sign="-" unitRef="USD">4,124,358</ix:nonFraction></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">)</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">$</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right">(<ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:IncomeLossFromContinuingOperationsBeforeIncomeTaxesExtraordinaryItemsNoncontrollingInterest" contextRef="From2023-01-012023-12-31_country_US" id="Fact001211" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="0" sign="-" unitRef="USD">4,268,395</ix:nonFraction></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">)</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">$</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:IncomeLossFromContinuingOperationsBeforeIncomeTaxesExtraordinaryItemsNoncontrollingInterest" contextRef="From2023-01-012023-12-31_country_TW" id="Fact001212" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="0" unitRef="USD">144,037</ix:nonFraction></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
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</ix:nonNumeric><p id="xdx_8A5_zMEXSDWECV79" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>&#160;</b></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b></b></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify">Furthermore, due to operations in various geographic
locations, we are susceptible to changes in national, regional, and local economic conditions, demographic trends, consumer confidence
in the economy, and discretionary spending priorities that may have a material adverse effect on our future operations and results.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify">We are required to collect certain taxes and fees
from customers on behalf of government agencies and remit them back to the applicable governmental agencies on a periodic basis. The taxes
and fees are legal assessments to the customer, for which we have a legal obligation to act as a collection agent. Because we do not retain
the taxes and fees, we do not include such amounts in revenue. We record a liability when the amounts are collected and relieve the liability
when payments are made to the applicable governmental agencies.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>&#160;</b></span></p>

<ix:nonNumeric contextRef="From2024-01-01to2024-12-31" escape="true" id="Fact001214" name="IVDA:LongLivedAssetsAndLiabilitiesByGeographicAreasTableTextBlock"><p id="xdx_891_ecustom--LongLivedAssetsAndLiabilitiesByGeographicAreasTableTextBlock_zDIwL422BAPc" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
net assets (liabilities) for our significant geographic regions are as follows:</span></p>

<p style="font: 12pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;<span id="xdx_8B2_zpBwG12MBrK6" style="display: none">SCHEDULE
OF NET ASSETS LIABILITIES BY GEOGRAPHIC REGIONS</span></span></p>

<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 90%">
  <tr style="display: none; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td id="xdx_493_20241231_zOw9pRwNlldl" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td id="xdx_49C_20231231_zkqpjglcyV86" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
<tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
    <td>&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td colspan="6" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: center">Net Assets (Liabilities)</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
    <td>&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: center">For the Year Ended</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: center">For the Year Ended</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
    <td>&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: center">December 31, 2024</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: center">December 31, 2023</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_40C_eus-gaap--NoncurrentAssets_iI_hsrt--StatementGeographicalAxis__country--US_zMY489M5DiZg" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="width: 64%; text-align: left">United States</td><td style="width: 2%">&#160;</td>
    <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left">$</td><td style="width: 14%; text-align: right"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:NoncurrentAssets" contextRef="AsOf2024-12-31_country_US" id="Fact001216" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="0" unitRef="USD">1,775,554</ix:nonFraction></td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="width: 2%">&#160;</td>
    <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left">$</td><td style="width: 14%; text-align: right"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:NoncurrentAssets" contextRef="AsOf2023-12-31_country_US" id="Fact001217" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="0" unitRef="USD">3,741,367</ix:nonFraction></td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_401_eus-gaap--NoncurrentAssets_iI_hsrt--StatementGeographicalAxis__custom--RepublicOfChinaTaiwanMember_z0Vp9lctyM88" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1pt">Republic of China (Taiwan)</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">$</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:NoncurrentAssets" contextRef="AsOf2024-12-31_custom_RepublicOfChinaTaiwanMember" id="Fact001219" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="0" unitRef="USD">729,885</ix:nonFraction></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">$</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:NoncurrentAssets" contextRef="AsOf2023-12-31_custom_RepublicOfChinaTaiwanMember" id="Fact001220" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="0" unitRef="USD">907,113</ix:nonFraction></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_408_eus-gaap--NoncurrentAssets_iI_zwuPYSiBjghc" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1pt">Total Consolidated</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
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    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">$</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:NoncurrentAssets" contextRef="AsOf2023-12-31" id="Fact001223" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="0" unitRef="USD">4,648,480</ix:nonFraction></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  </table>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"></p>

</ix:nonNumeric><p id="xdx_8A2_zjkZmfN07tG2" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><b>&#160;</b></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><b></b></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><b></b></p>
<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b></b></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b></b></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b></b></span></p>

</ix:nonNumeric><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="From2024-01-01to2024-12-31" escape="true" id="Fact001225" name="us-gaap:ErrorCorrectionTextBlock"><p id="xdx_80C_eus-gaap--ErrorCorrectionTextBlock_zzf3ZAhC1mZb" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>NOTE
11 <span id="xdx_82F_zfgJNNMikxTl">RESTATEMENT OF PREVIOUSLY ISSUED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS</span></b></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>&#160;</b></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
financial statements for the year ended December 31, 2023 and the accumulated deficit as of December 31, 2022 have been restated. Subsequent
to the original issuance of these financial statements, our audit committee and management determined the following:</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><b>As of December 31, 2022</b></p>
<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;
the Company erroneously did not recognize a valuation decrease in recorded deferred tax assets in its Taiwan subsidiary.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;
the Company erroneously did not recognize an intercompany payable to its subsidiary, Iveda Taiwan.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Assets
affected included other assets and liabilities affected included accounts and other payables.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><b>As of December 31, 2023</b></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;
the Company had erroneously capitalized software development costs during 2023 and 2024 Quarterly filings.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;
In addition, the Company is making certain reclassification entries.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
effects on the previously issued financial statements are as follows:</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">For
periods before 2022, Management of the Company determined that the following:</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">[1]
The Deferred Tax asset of $<span id="xdx_909_eus-gaap--DeferredTaxAssetsOther_iI_c20221231_zKQy0ZUePfef" title="Deferred tax assets"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:DeferredTaxAssetsOther" contextRef="AsOf2022-12-31" id="Fact001227" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="0" unitRef="USD">146,560</ix:nonFraction></span> was no longer a valid tax difference. The amount was recorded as an adjustment to accumulated deficit
at December 31, 2022.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">[2] The intercompany
amount due to Iveda Taiwan was understated by $<span id="xdx_90E_eus-gaap--OtherReceivablesNetCurrent_iI_c20241231__us-gaap--RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis__custom--IvedaTaiwanMember_z9Hg1UYIJZ5h" title="Intercompany amount due"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:OtherReceivablesNetCurrent" contextRef="AsOf2024-12-31_custom_IvedaTaiwanMember" id="Fact001229" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="0" unitRef="USD">200,000</ix:nonFraction></span> related to a payment made on behalf of Iveda US by Iveda Taiwan.</span></p>
<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">For
the year ending December 31, 2023, Management of the Company determined that the following:</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">[3]
An adjustment for $<span id="xdx_904_eus-gaap--ResearchAndDevelopmentExpense_c20230101__20231231__srt--RestatementAxis__srt--RevisionOfPriorPeriodReclassificationAdjustmentMember_zDoPfRxSXlo7" title="Research and development"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:ResearchAndDevelopmentExpense" contextRef="From2023-01-012023-12-31_srt_RevisionOfPriorPeriodReclassificationAdjustmentMember" id="Fact001231" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="0" unitRef="USD">792,612</ix:nonFraction></span> related to expensing the research and development expense was needed related to activity in 2023. The amount
was recorded as a reduction to assets and the associated expense was recorded to the statement of operations.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">[4] An adjustment
for $<span id="xdx_90B_eus-gaap--GainLossOnInvestments_iN_di_c20230101__20231231_z8dEVj0KiE8i"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:GainLossOnInvestments" contextRef="From2023-01-012023-12-31" id="Fact001232" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="0" sign="-" unitRef="USD">180,000</ix:nonFraction></span> to expense its investment in Iveda Phils JV originally recorded as a consolidation but we have determined this investment
should have been recorded as the equity method. This effected cash, account and other payables, Joint Venture Non-Controlled Equity Portion,
Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) and accumulated deficit</span></p>
<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<ix:nonNumeric contextRef="From2024-01-01to2024-12-31" escape="true" id="Fact001234" name="us-gaap:ScheduleOfErrorCorrectionsAndPriorPeriodAdjustmentsTextBlock"><p id="xdx_898_eus-gaap--ScheduleOfErrorCorrectionsAndPriorPeriodAdjustmentsTextBlock_zLRLO2aD8Qri" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
following table presents the effect of the restatements of the Company&#8217;s previously issued balance sheet:</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;<span id="xdx_8B6_z0t6j0dDFz84" style="display: none">SCHEDULE
OF RESTATEMENTS</span></span></p>

<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" id="xdx_89D_eus-gaap--StatementOfFinancialPositionAbstract_z4brzBC1AjIe" summary="xdx: Disclosure - SCHEDULE OF RESTATEMENTS OF BALANCE SHEETS (Details)" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%">
  <tr style="display: none; vertical-align: bottom">
    <td>&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td colspan="2" id="xdx_49E_20231231__srt--RestatementAxis__srt--ScenarioPreviouslyReportedMember_zmRrVsMvU0Q">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td colspan="2" id="xdx_494_20231231__srt--RestatementAxis__srt--RevisionOfPriorPeriodReclassificationAdjustmentMember_z3iZ22AeZLYi">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td colspan="2" id="xdx_499_20231231__srt--RestatementAxis__custom--RestatedMember_zj8TgMWlMe7j">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    </tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: center">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: center">&#160;</td>
    <td colspan="10" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: center">As of December 31, 2023</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: center">&#160;</td>
    </tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: center">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: center">&#160;</td>
    <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: center">As Previously Reported</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: center">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: center">&#160;</td>
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    </tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
    <td>&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td colspan="2">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td colspan="2">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td colspan="2">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    </tr>
  <tr id="xdx_403_eus-gaap--OtherAssets_iI_z1gkYpPlpiTj" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="width: 49%; text-align: left">Other Assets</td><td style="width: 2%">&#160;</td>
    <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left">$</td><td style="width: 12%; text-align: right"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:OtherAssets" contextRef="AsOf2023-12-31_srt_ScenarioPreviouslyReportedMember" id="Fact001238" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="0" unitRef="USD">444,723</ix:nonFraction></td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="width: 2%">&#160;</td>
    <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left">$</td><td style="width: 12%; text-align: right">(<ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:OtherAssets" contextRef="AsOf2023-12-31_srt_RevisionOfPriorPeriodReclassificationAdjustmentMember" id="Fact001239" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="0" sign="-" unitRef="USD">146,560</ix:nonFraction></td><td style="width: 4%; text-align: left">)<span id="xdx_F26_zC8Ts3zdtcb7">[1]</span></td><td style="width: 2%">&#160;</td>
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    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(<ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:AccountsPayableAndOtherAccruedLiabilitiesCurrent" contextRef="AsOf2023-12-31_srt_ScenarioPreviouslyReportedMember" id="Fact001242" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="0" unitRef="USD">1,110,087</ix:nonFraction>)</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(<ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:AccountsPayableAndOtherAccruedLiabilitiesCurrent" contextRef="AsOf2023-12-31_srt_RevisionOfPriorPeriodReclassificationAdjustmentMember" id="Fact001243" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="0" unitRef="USD">200,000</ix:nonFraction></span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span id="xdx_F23_zDXh6lOpTsU4" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">)</span>[2]</td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td id="xdx_98A_eus-gaap--OtherAssets_iI_c20231231_zeIplkfSPOHg" title="Other Assets" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="display: none; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1244"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1246">-</span></span>&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"/>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td id="xdx_98C_eus-gaap--PropertyPlantAndEquipmentNet_iI_c20231231__srt--RestatementAxis__srt--RevisionOfPriorPeriodReclassificationAdjustmentMember__us-gaap--BalanceSheetLocationAxis__us-gaap--AccountsPayableAndAccruedLiabilitiesMember_zEP9lge2f584" title="Property and Equipment, Net" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:PropertyPlantAndEquipmentNet" contextRef="AsOf2023-12-31_srt_RevisionOfPriorPeriodReclassificationAdjustmentMember_us-gaap_AccountsPayableAndAccruedLiabilitiesMember" id="Fact001248" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="0" unitRef="USD">1,173</ix:nonFraction></span></td>
    <td id="xdx_F21_zyfMeDXz6986" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">[4]</td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td title="Property and Equipment, Net" id="xdx_98B_eus-gaap--PropertyPlantAndEquipmentNet_iNI_di_c20231231__srt--RestatementAxis__custom--RestatedMember__us-gaap--BalanceSheetLocationAxis__us-gaap--AccountsPayableAndAccruedLiabilitiesMember_zhenWcTlPxx4" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(<ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:PropertyPlantAndEquipmentNet" contextRef="AsOf2023-12-31_custom_RestatedMember_us-gaap_AccountsPayableAndAccruedLiabilitiesMember" id="Fact001250" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="0" unitRef="USD">1,308,914</ix:nonFraction></span></td>
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<tr id="xdx_40A_eus-gaap--PropertyPlantAndEquipmentNet_iI_zGHSAZZFprD9" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="text-align: left">Property and Equipment, Net</td><td>&#160;</td>
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<tr id="xdx_40F_ecustom--JointVentureNoncontrolledEquityPortion_iI_zVqE23Ew5w29" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
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    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">$</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><ix:nonFraction name="IVDA:JointVentureNoncontrolledEquityPortion" contextRef="AsOf2023-12-31_srt_ScenarioPreviouslyReportedMember" id="Fact001258" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="0" unitRef="USD">99,048</ix:nonFraction></span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(<ix:nonFraction name="IVDA:JointVentureNoncontrolledEquityPortion" contextRef="AsOf2023-12-31_srt_RevisionOfPriorPeriodReclassificationAdjustmentMember" id="Fact001259" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="0" sign="-" unitRef="USD">99,048</ix:nonFraction></span></td>
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  <tr id="xdx_406_eus-gaap--RetainedEarningsAccumulatedDeficit_iI_z3Ir6i5k6W53" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
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<p style="margin: 0">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"></p>

<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; width: 100%"><tr style="vertical-align: top; text-align: justify">
<td id="xdx_F02_zbdDn9kYk0Fk" style="width: 15pt; text-align: left">[1]</td><td style="width: 5pt"/><td id="xdx_F15_zXn33UJWnQm" style="text-align: justify"><ix:footnote id="Footnote001279" xml:lang="en-US">Deferred Tax Asset eliminated from Other Assets</ix:footnote></td>
</tr><tr style="vertical-align: top; text-align: justify">
<td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td><td style="text-align: justify">&#160;</td></tr>
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<td id="xdx_F0B_zswSIbsVwH3a" style="text-align: left">[2]</td><td>&#160;</td><td id="xdx_F13_zcUf7oCiP7sf" style="text-align: justify"><ix:footnote id="Footnote001280" xml:lang="en-US">The intercompany amount due to Iveda Taiwan was understated by $<span id="xdx_906_eus-gaap--OtherReceivablesNetCurrent_iI_c20241231__us-gaap--RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis__custom--IvedaTaiwanMember_zUrQufgG7xS3" title="Intercompany amount due"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:OtherReceivablesNetCurrent" contextRef="AsOf2024-12-31_custom_IvedaTaiwanMember" id="Fact001282" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="0" unitRef="USD">200,000</ix:nonFraction></span> related to a payment made on behalf of Iveda US by Iveda Taiwan added back to Accounts and Other Payables</ix:footnote></td></tr>

<tr style="vertical-align: top; text-align: justify">
<td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td><td style="text-align: justify">&#160;</td></tr>
<tr style="vertical-align: top; text-align: justify">
<td id="xdx_F00_zMH0CWh035Kd" style="text-align: left">[3]</td><td/><td id="xdx_F18_ztXTNDH0WDw4" style="text-align: justify"><ix:footnote id="Footnote001283" xml:lang="en-US">2023 capitalized software expensed to Research and Development</ix:footnote></td>
</tr><tr style="vertical-align: top; text-align: justify">
<td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td><td style="text-align: justify">&#160;</td></tr>
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</td></tr>
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<td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td><td style="text-align: justify">&#160;</td></tr>
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<td id="xdx_F0E_zrNBoZiGVebf" style="text-align: left">[5]</td><td>&#160;</td><td id="xdx_F14_zqYX1isJW6H4" style="text-align: justify"><ix:footnote id="Footnote001286" xml:lang="en-US">Each of the above restatements effected Accumulated Deficit</ix:footnote></td></tr>
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</ix:nonNumeric><p id="xdx_8A7_zdXl4Qunxill" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"></span></p>


<ix:exclude><!-- Field: Page; Sequence: 72; Value: 1 -->
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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify; margin: 0pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
following table presents the effect of the restatements and reclassification on the Company&#8217;s previously issued and reported statement
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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

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    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
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    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 2%"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 6pt; width: 100%"><tr style="vertical-align: top; text-align: justify">
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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify; margin: 0pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

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    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
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    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
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<tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
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    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
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  <tr id="xdx_401_ecustom--CorrectionOfPriorPeriodIntercompanyAccountsPayable_z6e8J7GTRNwb" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
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</table>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>&#160;</b></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b></b></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify">The following table presents the effect of the restatements
of the Company&#8217;s previously issued statement of cashflows:</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p>
<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"></p>

<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" id="xdx_89C_eus-gaap--StatementOfCashFlowsAbstract_z5xrIXEEAjhl" summary="xdx: Disclosure - SCHEDULE OF RESTATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS (Details)" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%">
  <tr style="display: none; vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="text-align: center">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: center; padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
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<tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
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  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="text-align: center">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: center; padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
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    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td id="xdx_98B_ecustom--NetLoss_c20230101__20231231__srt--RestatementAxis__srt--RevisionOfPriorPeriodReclassificationAdjustmentMember__us-gaap--IncomeStatementLocationAxis__us-gaap--ResearchAndDevelopmentExpenseMember_z7a3JKgK2tf9" title="Net loss" style="text-align: right">(<ix:nonFraction name="IVDA:NetLoss" contextRef="From2023-01-012023-12-31_srt_RevisionOfPriorPeriodReclassificationAdjustmentMember_us-gaap_ResearchAndDevelopmentExpenseMember" id="Fact001425" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="0" sign="-" unitRef="USD">114,930</ix:nonFraction></td><td style="text-align: left">)<sup id="xdx_F2A_zQ0ewDquiXJf">[4]</sup></td><td>&#160;</td>
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    <td style="text-align: left">Loss from Iveda Phils Joint Venture</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
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  <tr id="xdx_405_eus-gaap--IncreaseDecreaseInOtherAccountsPayable_z5MYXNQ8WUed" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
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  <tr id="xdx_402_eus-gaap--NetCashProvidedByUsedInOperatingActivities_z0XZu5B9iHDa" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
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  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
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    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_405_eus-gaap--NetCashProvidedByUsedInInvestingActivities_zU3vEyOvReUh" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="text-align: left">Net Cash Provided by (Used in) Investing Activities</td><td>&#160;</td>
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<tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
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    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
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  <tr id="xdx_407_ecustom--JointVentureNoncontrolledEquityPortions_zLBSL9SPAwkb" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
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    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
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    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
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  <tr id="xdx_40D_ecustom--IncreaseDecreaseInChangeRestrictedCash_zk7O4W7REyZ1" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Change in restricted Cash</td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right">(<ix:nonFraction name="IVDA:IncreaseDecreaseInChangeRestrictedCash" contextRef="From2023-01-012023-12-31_srt_ScenarioPreviouslyReportedMember" id="Fact001467" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="0" sign="-" unitRef="USD">685</ix:nonFraction></td>
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    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><ix:nonFraction name="IVDA:IncreaseDecreaseInChangeRestrictedCash" contextRef="From2023-01-012023-12-31_srt_RevisionOfPriorPeriodReclassificationAdjustmentMember" id="Fact001468" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="0" unitRef="USD">685</ix:nonFraction></td>
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    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1469">-</span></td>
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    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_400_eus-gaap--NetCashProvidedByUsedInFinancingActivities_zlSNIMaDeNX9" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
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    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:NetCashProvidedByUsedInFinancingActivities" contextRef="From2023-01-012023-12-31_srt_RevisionOfPriorPeriodReclassificationAdjustmentMember" id="Fact001472" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="0" unitRef="USD">99,048</ix:nonFraction></span></td>
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    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><sup></sup></span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
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    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td id="xdx_985_eus-gaap--NetCashProvidedByUsedInFinancingActivities_c20230101__20231231__srt--RestatementAxis__srt--RevisionOfPriorPeriodReclassificationAdjustmentMember__us-gaap--IncomeStatementLocationAxis__custom--RestrictedCashWriteOffMember_zcbu2T2tT86" title="Net Cash Provided by Financing Activities" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:NetCashProvidedByUsedInFinancingActivities" contextRef="From2023-01-012023-12-31_srt_RevisionOfPriorPeriodReclassificationAdjustmentMember_custom_RestrictedCashWriteOffMember" id="Fact001475" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="0" unitRef="USD">685</ix:nonFraction></span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;<sup id="xdx_F22_zMlUtq3c4rJh">[5]</sup></span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td id="xdx_98D_eus-gaap--NetCashProvidedByUsedInFinancingActivities_c20230101__20231231__srt--RestatementAxis__custom--RestatedMember__us-gaap--IncomeStatementLocationAxis__custom--RestrictedCashWriteOffMember_zeXaTHiR76T5" title="Net loss" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:NetCashProvidedByUsedInFinancingActivities" contextRef="From2023-01-012023-12-31_custom_RestatedMember_custom_RestrictedCashWriteOffMember" id="Fact001477" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="0" unitRef="USD">1,023,833</ix:nonFraction></span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><sup></sup></span></td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_405_eus-gaap--EffectOfExchangeRateOnCashCashEquivalentsRestrictedCashAndRestrictedCashEquivalentsIncludingDisposalGroupAndDiscontinuedOperations_zDEHEtNGQQRj" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">EFFECT OF EXCHANGE RATE CHANGES ON CASH</td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</td>
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    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:EffectOfExchangeRateOnCashCashEquivalentsRestrictedCashAndRestrictedCashEquivalentsIncludingDisposalGroupAndDiscontinuedOperations" contextRef="From2023-01-012023-12-31_srt_RevisionOfPriorPeriodReclassificationAdjustmentMember" id="Fact001480" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="0" unitRef="USD">528</ix:nonFraction></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;<sup id="xdx_F2B_zeDpHD0XqGph">[4]</sup></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:EffectOfExchangeRateOnCashCashEquivalentsRestrictedCashAndRestrictedCashEquivalentsIncludingDisposalGroupAndDiscontinuedOperations" contextRef="From2023-01-012023-12-31_custom_RestatedMember" id="Fact001481" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="0" unitRef="USD">1,780</ix:nonFraction></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_406_eus-gaap--CashCashEquivalentsRestrictedCashAndRestrictedCashEquivalentsPeriodIncreaseDecreaseIncludingExchangeRateEffect_zH07NlgrSIfh" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">NET INCREASE (DECREASE) IN CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS</td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right">(<ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:CashCashEquivalentsRestrictedCashAndRestrictedCashEquivalentsPeriodIncreaseDecreaseIncludingExchangeRateEffect" contextRef="From2023-01-012023-12-31_srt_ScenarioPreviouslyReportedMember" id="Fact001483" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="0" sign="-" unitRef="USD">2,557,499</ix:nonFraction></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">)</td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right">(<ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:CashCashEquivalentsRestrictedCashAndRestrictedCashEquivalentsPeriodIncreaseDecreaseIncludingExchangeRateEffect" contextRef="From2023-01-012023-12-31_srt_RevisionOfPriorPeriodReclassificationAdjustmentMember" id="Fact001484" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="0" sign="-" unitRef="USD">15,841</ix:nonFraction></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">)<sup id="xdx_F2A_zyXvPNMBcuml">[4]</sup></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right">(<ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:CashCashEquivalentsRestrictedCashAndRestrictedCashEquivalentsPeriodIncreaseDecreaseIncludingExchangeRateEffect" contextRef="From2023-01-012023-12-31_custom_RestatedMember" id="Fact001485" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="0" sign="-" unitRef="USD">2,573,540</ix:nonFraction></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">)<sup></sup></td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_404_eus-gaap--CashCashEquivalentsRestrictedCashAndRestrictedCashEquivalentsIncludingDisposalGroupAndDiscontinuedOperations_iE_zwKvGZFIA1m9" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS &#8211; END OF PERIOD</td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</td>
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    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right">(<ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:CashCashEquivalentsRestrictedCashAndRestrictedCashEquivalentsIncludingDisposalGroupAndDiscontinuedOperations" contextRef="AsOf2023-12-31_srt_RevisionOfPriorPeriodReclassificationAdjustmentMember" id="Fact001488" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="0" sign="-" unitRef="USD">16,092</ix:nonFraction></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">)<sup id="xdx_F2F_zyt8VrsDVk05">[4]</sup></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right">&#160;</td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><sup></sup></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right">&#160;</td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</td>
    <td id="xdx_98E_eus-gaap--NetCashProvidedByUsedInFinancingActivities_c20230101__20231231__srt--RestatementAxis__srt--RevisionOfPriorPeriodReclassificationAdjustmentMember__us-gaap--IncomeStatementLocationAxis__custom--AdditionalRestrictedCashMember_fWzZd_zhXPpwo7IOfj" title="CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS - END OF PERIOD" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:NetCashProvidedByUsedInFinancingActivities" contextRef="From2023-01-012023-12-31_srt_RevisionOfPriorPeriodReclassificationAdjustmentMember_custom_AdditionalRestrictedCashMember" id="Fact001491" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="0" unitRef="USD">129,778</ix:nonFraction></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;<sup>[6]</sup></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</td>
    <td id="xdx_983_eus-gaap--NetCashProvidedByUsedInFinancingActivities_c20230101__20231231__srt--RestatementAxis__srt--RevisionOfPriorPeriodReclassificationAdjustmentMember__us-gaap--IncomeStatementLocationAxis__custom--RestatedMember_zuQXWFocv7Ed" title="CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS - END OF PERIOD" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:NetCashProvidedByUsedInFinancingActivities" contextRef="From2023-01-012023-12-31_srt_RevisionOfPriorPeriodReclassificationAdjustmentMember_custom_RestatedMember" id="Fact001493" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="0" unitRef="USD">4,868,282</ix:nonFraction></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><sup></sup></td></tr>
  </table>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&#160;</p>

<table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%">
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in; text-align: left"><span id="xdx_F0C_zQMwNvGAwNrk" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">[3]</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span id="xdx_F12_z2ptCAZOxG25" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><ix:footnote id="Footnote001494" xml:lang="en-US">2023
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  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td id="xdx_F0F_zylxjdTiaGlj" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">[4]</td>
    <td id="xdx_F16_zrzPOCnAxshi" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><ix:footnote id="Footnote001495" xml:lang="en-US">An adjustment for $<span id="xdx_90E_eus-gaap--GainLossOnInvestments_iN_di_c20230101__20231231_zpY4noZbpg79" class="xdx_phnt_RGlzY2xvc3VyZSAtIFNDSEVEVUxFIE9GIFJFU1RBVEVNRU5UUyBPRiBDQVNIIEZMT1dTIChEZXRhaWxzKSAoUGFyZW50aGV0aWNhbCkA"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:GainLossOnInvestments" contextRef="From2023-01-012023-12-31" id="Fact001496" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="0" sign="-" unitRef="USD">180,000</ix:nonFraction></span> to expense its investment in Iveda Phils JV originally recorded as a consolidation but
we have determined this investment should have been recorded as the equity method. The net loss effect is $<span id="xdx_907_ecustom--InvestmentNetIncomeLoss_c20240101__20241231_z8naaRmpZw9h" title="Investment net income loss" class="xdx_phnt_RGlzY2xvc3VyZSAtIFNDSEVEVUxFIE9GIFJFU1RBVEVNRU5UUyBPRiBDQVNIIEZMT1dTIChEZXRhaWxzKSAoUGFyZW50aGV0aWNhbCkA"><ix:nonFraction name="IVDA:InvestmentNetIncomeLoss" contextRef="From2024-01-01to2024-12-31" id="Fact001498" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="0" unitRef="USD">180,000</ix:nonFraction></span> less the $<span id="xdx_90D_ecustom--InvestmentNetIncomeLoss_c20230101__20231231_z11h83JKZ357" title="Investment net income loss" class="xdx_phnt_RGlzY2xvc3VyZSAtIFNDSEVEVUxFIE9GIFJFU1RBVEVNRU5UUyBPRiBDQVNIIEZMT1dTIChEZXRhaWxzKSAoUGFyZW50aGV0aWNhbCkA"><ix:nonFraction name="IVDA:InvestmentNetIncomeLoss" contextRef="From2023-01-012023-12-31" id="Fact001500" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="0" unitRef="USD">65,070</ix:nonFraction></span> loss
recorded in 2023 in consolidation. Net $<span id="xdx_904_ecustom--AdditionalInvestmentNetIncomeLoss_c20230101__20231231_zMbfpScPSHrd" title="Additional investment net income loss" class="xdx_phnt_RGlzY2xvc3VyZSAtIFNDSEVEVUxFIE9GIFJFU1RBVEVNRU5UUyBPRiBDQVNIIEZMT1dTIChEZXRhaWxzKSAoUGFyZW50aGV0aWNhbCkA"><ix:nonFraction name="IVDA:AdditionalInvestmentNetIncomeLoss" contextRef="From2023-01-012023-12-31" id="Fact001502" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="0" unitRef="USD">114,930</ix:nonFraction></span> additional loss recorded in 2023.</ix:footnote></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td id="xdx_F0C_zDHyjEdZT4h8" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">[5]</td>
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  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td id="xdx_F0A_zhe8zBN3HXXb" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">[6]</td>
    <td id="xdx_F1F_zfb5IbyZpAl3" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><ix:footnote id="Footnote001506" xml:lang="en-US">Added Restricted Cash to Cash and Cash Equivalents</ix:footnote></td></tr>
  </table>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b></b></span></p>

<p id="xdx_8AE_zbnvA8tUDwHa" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; display: none; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>&#160;</b></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; display: none; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b></b></span></p>

<ix:exclude><!-- Field: Page; Sequence: 73; Value: 1 -->
    <div style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; margin-bottom: 6pt"><table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; font-size: 10pt"><tr style="vertical-align: top; text-align: left"><td style="text-align: center; width: 100%">F-<!-- Field: Sequence; Type: Arabic; Name: PageNo -->22<!-- Field: /Sequence --></td></tr></table></div>
    <div style="break-before: page; margin-top: 6pt"><p style="margin: 0pt">&#160;</p></div>
    <!-- Field: /Page --></ix:exclude>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"></span></p>



<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; display: none; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b></b></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; display: none; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b></b></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; display: none; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b></b></span></p>

</ix:nonNumeric><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="From2024-01-01to2024-12-31" escape="true" id="Fact001508" name="us-gaap:SubsequentEventsTextBlock"><p id="xdx_80B_eus-gaap--SubsequentEventsTextBlock_zMHzidveyp0c" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: left"><b>NOTE 12 <span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><span id="xdx_827_zhV18sZOPGU9">SUBSEQUENT
EVENTS</span></span></b></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>&#160;</b></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-indent: 0.5in; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify">On February 27, 2025, Iveda Solutions, Inc. (the &#8220;Company&#8221;) entered into an At the Market Offering Agreement
(the &#8220;Sales Agreement&#8221;) with H.C. Wainwright &amp; Co., LLC (the &#8220;Sales Agent), pursuant to which the Company may offer
and sell, from time to time, through or to the Sales Agent, shares (the &#8220;Placement Shares&#8221;) of the Company&#8217;s common
stock, par value $<span id="xdx_908_eus-gaap--CommonStockParOrStatedValuePerShare_iI_pid_c20250227__us-gaap--TypeOfArrangementAxis__custom--AtTheMarketOfferingAgreementMember__us-gaap--SubsequentEventTypeAxis__us-gaap--SubsequentEventMember_zy2EETTVUSLg" title="Common stock, par value"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:CommonStockParOrStatedValuePerShare" contextRef="AsOf2025-02-27_custom_AtTheMarketOfferingAgreementMember_us-gaap_SubsequentEventMember" id="Fact001510" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="INF" unitRef="USDPShares">0.00001</ix:nonFraction></span> per share (the &#8220;Common Stock&#8221;), having an aggregate offering price of up to $<span id="xdx_90D_eus-gaap--StockIssuedDuringPeriodValueIssuedForServices_c20250227__20250227__us-gaap--TypeOfArrangementAxis__custom--AtTheMarketOfferingAgreementMember__us-gaap--SubsequentEventTypeAxis__us-gaap--SubsequentEventMember_zGPmY27m86oi" title="Stock issued during period value issued for services"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:StockIssuedDuringPeriodValueIssuedForServices" contextRef="From2025-02-272025-02-27_custom_AtTheMarketOfferingAgreementMember_us-gaap_SubsequentEventMember" id="Fact001512" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="0" unitRef="USD">5,082,431</ix:nonFraction></span> (the &#8220;ATM
Offering&#8221;). Sales pursuant to the Sales Agreement will be made only upon instructions by the Company to the Sales Agent, and the
Company cannot provide any assurances that it will issue any Shares pursuant to the Sales Agreement.<span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b></b></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>&#160;</b></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-indent: 0.5in; text-align: justify">The issuance and sale, if any, of the Placement Shares by the Company under the Sales Agreement will be made pursuant
to the Company&#8217;s effective &#8220;shelf&#8221; registration statement on Form S-3 (Registration Statement No. 333-276676) (the &#8220;Registration
Statement&#8221;), the base prospectus contained therein, and a prospectus supplement relating to the ATM offering, dated February 27,
2025.<span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b></b></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>&#160;</b></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-indent: 0.5in; text-align: justify">Under the terms of the Sales Agreement, the Company may sell the Placement Shares by any method permitted that is
deemed an &#8220;at the market offering&#8221; as defined in Rule 415 under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the &#8220;Securities
Act&#8221;). The Sales Agent will use its commercially reasonable efforts consistent with its normal trading and sales practices and applicable
state and federal laws, rules and regulations to sell the Placement Shares from time to time, based upon the Company&#8217;s instructions
(including any price, time or size limits or other customary parameters or conditions the Company may impose). Actual sales will depend
on a variety of factors to be determined by the Company from time to time, including (among others) market conditions, the trading price
of the Company&#8217;s Common Stock, capital needs and determinations by the Company of the appropriate sources of funding for the Company.
The Company is not obligated to make any sales of Placement Shares under the Sales Agreement and the Company cannot provide any assurances
that it will issue any Placement Shares pursuant to the Sales Agreement. The Company will pay a commission rate of 3% of the gross sales
price per share sold and agreed to reimburse the Sales Agent for certain specified expenses, including the fees and disbursements of its
legal counsel in an amount not to exceed $<span id="xdx_901_eus-gaap--LegalFees_c20250227__20250227__us-gaap--TypeOfArrangementAxis__custom--AtTheMarketOfferingAgreementMember__us-gaap--SubsequentEventTypeAxis__us-gaap--SubsequentEventMember_z8bCWb41gZZf" title="Legal fees"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:LegalFees" contextRef="From2025-02-272025-02-27_custom_AtTheMarketOfferingAgreementMember_us-gaap_SubsequentEventMember" id="Fact001514" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="0" unitRef="USD">50,000</ix:nonFraction></span> and have agreed to reimburse the Sales Agents an amount not to exceed $<span id="xdx_904_ecustom--AmountsDueToReimbursements_c20250227__20250227__us-gaap--SubsequentEventTypeAxis__us-gaap--SubsequentEventMember_zKT9b7eBT0i3" title="Amounts due to reimbursements"><ix:nonFraction name="IVDA:AmountsDueToReimbursements" contextRef="From2025-02-272025-02-27_us-gaap_SubsequentEventMember" id="Fact001516" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="0" unitRef="USD">5,000</ix:nonFraction></span> per due
diligence update session conducted in connection with each such date the Company files its Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q, its Annual
Report on Form 10-K and amendments or supplements to the Registration Statement, the accompanying prospectus, or any prospectus supplement.
The Company has also agreed pursuant to the Sales Agreement to provide the Sales Agent with customary indemnification and contribution
rights.<span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b></b></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>&#160;</b></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-indent: 0.5in; text-align: justify">On March 14, 2025, the &#8220;Company redomiciled
to Delaware form Nevada with authorized to issue <span id="xdx_901_eus-gaap--StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesNewIssues_c20250314__20250314__us-gaap--SubsequentEventTypeAxis__us-gaap--SubsequentEventMember_zxZQ1sjjPe0l" title="Stock issued during period shares new issues"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesNewIssues" contextRef="From2025-03-142025-03-14_us-gaap_SubsequentEventMember" id="Fact001518" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="INF" unitRef="Shares">312,500,000</ix:nonFraction></span> shares of capital stock. Of which (i) <span id="xdx_909_eus-gaap--CommonStockSharesIssued_iI_c20250314__us-gaap--SubsequentEventTypeAxis__us-gaap--SubsequentEventMember_zODqUgnZRYN9" title="Common stock, shares issued"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:CommonStockSharesIssued" contextRef="AsOf2025-03-14_us-gaap_SubsequentEventMember" id="Fact001520" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="INF" unitRef="Shares">300</ix:nonFraction></span> million shares shall be common
stock, $<span id="xdx_902_eus-gaap--CommonStockParOrStatedValuePerShare_iI_pid_c20250314__us-gaap--SubsequentEventTypeAxis__us-gaap--SubsequentEventMember_zZnpfOrTFtdc" title="Common stock, par value"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:CommonStockParOrStatedValuePerShare" contextRef="AsOf2025-03-14_us-gaap_SubsequentEventMember" id="Fact001522" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="INF" unitRef="USDPShares">0.00001</ix:nonFraction></span> par value and (ii) <span id="xdx_907_eus-gaap--PreferredStockSharesIssued_iI_c20250314_zc3B6v4QwDB" title="Preferred stock, shares issued"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:PreferredStockSharesIssued" contextRef="AsOf2025-03-14" id="Fact001524" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="INF" unitRef="Shares">12,500,000</ix:nonFraction></span> shares shall be shares of preferred stock, $<span id="xdx_90F_eus-gaap--PreferredStockParOrStatedValuePerShare_iI_pid_c20250314__us-gaap--SubsequentEventTypeAxis__us-gaap--SubsequentEventMember_zJQFdOl2INJ2" title="Preferred stock, par value"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:PreferredStockParOrStatedValuePerShare" contextRef="AsOf2025-03-14_us-gaap_SubsequentEventMember" id="Fact001526" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="INF" unitRef="USDPShares">0.00001</ix:nonFraction></span> par value.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>&#160;</b></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-indent: 0.5in; text-align: justify">The Company headquarters lease in Mesa Arizona
expired February 28, 2025 and has been renewed for <span id="xdx_901_eus-gaap--LesseeOperatingLeaseRenewalTerm_iI_dtY_c20250228__us-gaap--SubsequentEventTypeAxis__us-gaap--SubsequentEventMember_zMa4Xn8nkR8k" title="Lessee operating lease renewal term"><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="AsOf2025-02-28_us-gaap_SubsequentEventMember" format="ixt-sec:duryear" id="Fact001528" name="us-gaap:LesseeOperatingLeaseRenewalTerm">5</ix:nonNumeric></span> years at similar terms to the previous lease.</p>

</ix:nonNumeric><p id="xdx_816_zoqccMKMRcH7" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>&#160;</b></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b></b></span></p>


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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">&#160;</p>

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<TYPE>EX-23.1
<SEQUENCE>2
<FILENAME>ex23-1.htm
<DESCRIPTION>EX-23.1
<TEXT>
<!doctype html>
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<body style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</font></p>

<p style="text-align: right; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>Exhibit
23.1</b></font></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</font></p>

<p style="text-align: left; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><img src="ex23-1_001.jpg" alt=""></font></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</font></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>CONSENT
OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM</b></font></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</font></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"></font></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">We
consent to the incorporation by reference in the Registration Statements on Form S-1 (File No. 333-267029 and 333-261963) and Form S-3
(File No. 333-276676) of Iveda Solutions, Inc. of our report dated April 15, 2025, which includes an explanatory paragraph regarding
the Company&rsquo;s ability to continue as a going concern, relating to the financial statements of Iveda Solutions, Inc.&nbsp;as of
December 31, 2024 and 2023 and for the years then ended which appears in this Form 10-K/A.</font></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"></font></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</font></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><b>/s/<font style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">
Weinberg &amp; Company, P.A.</font></b></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</font></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Weinberg
&amp; Company, P.A</font></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">June 16, 2025</font></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Los
Angeles, California</font></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: center"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">1925
Century Park East, Suite 1120</font></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: center"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Los
Angeles, California 90067</font></p>

<p style="margin: 0pt; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Telephone:
310.601.2200</font></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: center"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Facsimile:
310.601.2201</font></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: center"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">www.weinbergla.com</font></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</font></p>

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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</font></p>

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<DOCUMENT>
<TYPE>EX-31.1
<SEQUENCE>3
<FILENAME>ex31-1.htm
<DESCRIPTION>EX-31.1
<TEXT>
<HTML>
<HEAD>
     <TITLE></TITLE>
</HEAD>
<BODY STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: right"><B>Exhibit 31.1</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center">CERTIFICATION OF PRINCIPAL EXECUTIVE OFFICER PURSUANT
TO</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center">RULE 13a-14(a)/15d-14(a) (17 CFR 240.15d-14(a))</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center">(AUTHORIZED BY SECTION 302 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT
OF 2002)</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify">I, David Ly, certify that:</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify">1. I have reviewed this Annual Report on Form 10-K/A
of Iveda Solutions, Inc.;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify">2. Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain
any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances
under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify">3. Based on my knowledge, the financial statements,
and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations
and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify">4. The registrant&rsquo;s other certifying officer(s)
and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e)
and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the registrant
and have:</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.5in">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(a) Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(b) Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(c) Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant&rsquo;s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(d) Disclosed in this report any change in the registrant&rsquo;s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant&rsquo;s most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant&rsquo;s fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant&rsquo;s internal control over financial reporting; and</FONT></TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify">5. The registrant&rsquo;s other certifying officer(s)
and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant&rsquo;s auditors
and the audit committee of the registrant&rsquo;s board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.5in">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(a) All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant&rsquo;s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(b) Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant&rsquo;s internal control over financial reporting.</FONT></TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 0.5in; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; width: 50%"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><I>/s/ David Ly</I></FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt; width: 50%">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">David Ly</FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Chief Executive Officer</FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Date: June 16, 2025</FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

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<TYPE>EX-31.2
<SEQUENCE>4
<FILENAME>ex31-2.htm
<DESCRIPTION>EX-31.2
<TEXT>
<HTML>
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</HEAD>
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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: right"><B>Exhibit 31.2</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center">CERTIFICATION OF PRINCIPAL FINANCIAL OFFICER PURSUANT
TO</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center">RULE 15d-14(a) (17 CFR 240.15d-14(a))</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center">(AUTHORIZED BY SECTION 302 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT
OF 2002)</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify">I, Robert J. Brilon, certify that:</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify">1. I have reviewed this Annual Report on Form 10-K/A
of Iveda Solutions, Inc.;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify">2. Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain
any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances
under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify">3. Based on my knowledge, the financial statements,
and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations
and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify">4. The registrant&rsquo;s other certifying officer(s)
and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e)
and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the registrant
and have:</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.5in">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(a) Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(b) Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(c) Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant&rsquo;s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(d) Disclosed in this report any change in the registrant&rsquo;s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant&rsquo;s most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant&rsquo;s fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant&rsquo;s internal control over financial reporting; and</FONT></TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify">5. The registrant&rsquo;s other certifying officer(s)
and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant&rsquo;s auditors
and the audit committee of the registrant&rsquo;s board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.5in">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(a) All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant&rsquo;s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(b) Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant&rsquo;s internal control over financial reporting.</FONT></TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; width: 50%"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><I>/s/ Robert J. Brilon</I></FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt; width: 50%">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Robert J. Brilon</FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Chief Financial Officer, Treasurer and Corporate Secretary</FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Date:  June 16, 2025</FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

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    <!-- Field: /Page -->

</BODY>
</HTML>
</TEXT>
</DOCUMENT>
<DOCUMENT>
<TYPE>EX-32.1
<SEQUENCE>5
<FILENAME>ex32-1.htm
<DESCRIPTION>EX-32.1
<TEXT>
<HTML>
<HEAD>
     <TITLE></TITLE>
</HEAD>
<BODY STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">

<P STYLE="text-align: center; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: right"><B>Exhibit 32.1</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center">CERTIFICATION OF PRINCIPAL EXECUTIVE OFFICER</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center">PURSUANT TO 18 U.S.C. &sect; 1350</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center">(SECTION 906 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002)</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify">In connection with the Annual Report on Form 10-K/A
of Iveda Solutions, Inc. (the &ldquo;Company&rdquo;) for the year ended December 31, 2024 as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission
on the date hereof (the &ldquo;Report&rdquo;), I, David Ly, Chief Executive Officer of the Company, certify, to the best of my knowledge
and belief, pursuant to 18 U.S.C. &sect; 1350, as adopted pursuant to &sect;906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, that:</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.5in">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(1) The Report fully complies with the requirements of Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended; and</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(2) The information contained in the Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations of Iveda Solutions, Inc.</FONT></TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; width: 50%"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><I>/s/ David Ly</I></FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 50%">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">David Ly</FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Chief Executive Officer</FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Date:  June 16, 2025</FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify">This certification accompanies the Annual Report on
Form 10-K/A to which it relates, is not deemed filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission and is not to be incorporated by reference
into any filing of Iveda Solutions, Inc. under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, or the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended
(whether made before or after the date of the Annual Report on Form 10-K/A), irrespective of any general incorporation language contained
in such filing.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<!-- Field: Page; Sequence: 1; Options: Last -->
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    <!-- Field: /Page -->

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</DOCUMENT>
<DOCUMENT>
<TYPE>EX-32.2
<SEQUENCE>6
<FILENAME>ex32-2.htm
<DESCRIPTION>EX-32.2
<TEXT>
<HTML>
<HEAD>
     <TITLE></TITLE>
</HEAD>
<BODY STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: right"><B>Exhibit 32.2</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center">CERTIFICATION OF PRINCIPAL FINANCIAL OFFICER</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center">PURSUANT TO 18 U.S.C. &sect; 1350</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center">(SECTION 906 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002)</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify">In connection with the Annual Report on Form 10-K/A
of Iveda Solutions, Inc. (the &ldquo;Company&rdquo;) for the year ended December 31, 2024 as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission
on the date hereof (the &ldquo;Report&rdquo;), I, Robert J. Brilon, Chief Financial Officer and Treasurer of the Company, certify, to
the best of my knowledge and belief, pursuant to 18 U.S.C. &sect; 1350, as adopted pursuant to &sect;906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of
2002, that:</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.5in">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(1) The Report fully complies with the requirements of Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended; and</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(2) The information contained in the Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations of Iveda Solutions, Inc.</FONT></TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; width: 50%"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><I>/s/ Robert J. Brilon</I></FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 50%">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Robert J. Brilon</FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Chief Financial Officer, Treasurer and Corporate Secretary</FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Date:  June 16, 2025</FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify">This certification accompanies the Annual Report on
Form 10-K/A to which it relates, is not deemed filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission and is not to be incorporated by reference
into any filing of Iveda Solutions, Inc. under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, or the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended
(whether made before or after the date of the Annual Report on Form 10-K/A), irrespective of any general incorporation language contained
in such filing.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<!-- Field: Page; Sequence: 1; Options: Last -->
    <DIV STYLE="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 6pt; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid"><TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; font-size: 10pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; text-align: left"><TD STYLE="width: 100%">&nbsp;</TD></TR></TABLE></DIV>
    <!-- Field: /Page -->

</BODY>
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</TEXT>
</DOCUMENT>
<DOCUMENT>
<TYPE>GRAPHIC
<SEQUENCE>7
<FILENAME>form10-k_001.jpg
<DESCRIPTION>GRAPHIC
<TEXT>
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        <link:roleType roleURI="http://iveda.com/role/ContingentLiabilities" id="ContingentLiabilities">
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          <link:usedOn>link:calculationLink</link:usedOn>
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          <link:usedOn>link:calculationLink</link:usedOn>
          <link:usedOn>link:definitionLink</link:usedOn>
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          <link:usedOn>link:calculationLink</link:usedOn>
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        <link:roleType roleURI="http://iveda.com/role/SubsequentEvents" id="SubsequentEvents">
          <link:definition>999027 - Disclosure - SUBSEQUENT EVENTS</link:definition>
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          <link:usedOn>link:calculationLink</link:usedOn>
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        <link:roleType roleURI="http://iveda.com/role/SummaryOfSignificantAccountingPoliciesPolicies" id="SummaryOfSignificantAccountingPoliciesPolicies">
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          <link:usedOn>link:calculationLink</link:usedOn>
          <link:usedOn>link:definitionLink</link:usedOn>
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        <link:roleType roleURI="http://iveda.com/role/SummaryOfSignificantAccountingPoliciesTables" id="SummaryOfSignificantAccountingPoliciesTables">
          <link:definition>999029 - Disclosure - SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (Tables)</link:definition>
          <link:usedOn>link:presentationLink</link:usedOn>
          <link:usedOn>link:calculationLink</link:usedOn>
          <link:usedOn>link:definitionLink</link:usedOn>
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        <link:roleType roleURI="http://iveda.com/role/AccountsAndOtherPayablesTables" id="AccountsAndOtherPayablesTables">
          <link:definition>999030 - Disclosure - Accounts and Other Payables (Tables)</link:definition>
          <link:usedOn>link:presentationLink</link:usedOn>
          <link:usedOn>link:calculationLink</link:usedOn>
          <link:usedOn>link:definitionLink</link:usedOn>
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        <link:roleType roleURI="http://iveda.com/role/Short-termAndLong-termDebtTables" id="Short-termAndLong-termDebtTables">
          <link:definition>999031 - Disclosure - SHORT-TERM AND LONG-TERM DEBT (Tables)</link:definition>
          <link:usedOn>link:presentationLink</link:usedOn>
          <link:usedOn>link:calculationLink</link:usedOn>
          <link:usedOn>link:definitionLink</link:usedOn>
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        <link:roleType roleURI="http://iveda.com/role/StockOptionPlanAndWarrantsTables" id="StockOptionPlanAndWarrantsTables">
          <link:definition>999032 - Disclosure - STOCK OPTION PLAN AND WARRANTS (Tables)</link:definition>
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          <link:usedOn>link:calculationLink</link:usedOn>
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        <link:roleType roleURI="http://iveda.com/role/IncomeTaxesTables" id="IncomeTaxesTables">
          <link:definition>999033 - Disclosure - INCOME TAXES (Tables)</link:definition>
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          <link:usedOn>link:calculationLink</link:usedOn>
          <link:usedOn>link:definitionLink</link:usedOn>
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        <link:roleType roleURI="http://iveda.com/role/EarningsLossPerShareTables" id="EarningsLossPerShareTables">
          <link:definition>999034 - Disclosure - EARNINGS (LOSS) PER SHARE (Tables)</link:definition>
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          <link:usedOn>link:calculationLink</link:usedOn>
          <link:usedOn>link:definitionLink</link:usedOn>
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        <link:roleType roleURI="http://iveda.com/role/SegmentInformationTables" id="SegmentInformationTables">
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          <link:usedOn>link:calculationLink</link:usedOn>
          <link:usedOn>link:definitionLink</link:usedOn>
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        <link:roleType roleURI="http://iveda.com/role/RestatementOfPreviouslyIssuedFinancialStatementsTables" id="RestatementOfPreviouslyIssuedFinancialStatementsTables">
          <link:definition>999036 - Disclosure - RESTATEMENT OF PREVIOUSLY ISSUED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Tables)</link:definition>
          <link:usedOn>link:presentationLink</link:usedOn>
          <link:usedOn>link:calculationLink</link:usedOn>
          <link:usedOn>link:definitionLink</link:usedOn>
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        <link:roleType roleURI="http://iveda.com/role/ScheduleOfDisaggregationOfRevenueDetails" id="ScheduleOfDisaggregationOfRevenueDetails">
          <link:definition>999037 - Disclosure - Schedule of Disaggregation of Revenue (Details)</link:definition>
          <link:usedOn>link:presentationLink</link:usedOn>
          <link:usedOn>link:calculationLink</link:usedOn>
          <link:usedOn>link:definitionLink</link:usedOn>
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        <link:roleType roleURI="http://iveda.com/role/SummaryOfSignificantAccountingPoliciesDetailsNarrative" id="SummaryOfSignificantAccountingPoliciesDetailsNarrative">
          <link:definition>999038 - Disclosure - SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (Details Narrative)</link:definition>
          <link:usedOn>link:presentationLink</link:usedOn>
          <link:usedOn>link:calculationLink</link:usedOn>
          <link:usedOn>link:definitionLink</link:usedOn>
        </link:roleType>
        <link:roleType roleURI="http://iveda.com/role/ScheduleOfAccountsAndOtherPayablesDetails" id="ScheduleOfAccountsAndOtherPayablesDetails">
          <link:definition>999039 - Disclosure - Schedule Of Accounts and Other Payables (Details)</link:definition>
          <link:usedOn>link:presentationLink</link:usedOn>
          <link:usedOn>link:calculationLink</link:usedOn>
          <link:usedOn>link:definitionLink</link:usedOn>
        </link:roleType>
        <link:roleType roleURI="http://iveda.com/role/ScheduleOfShort-termDebtDetailsParenthetical" id="ScheduleOfShort-termDebtDetailsParenthetical">
          <link:definition>999040 - Disclosure - SCHEDULE OF SHORT-TERM DEBT (Details) (Parenthetical)</link:definition>
          <link:usedOn>link:presentationLink</link:usedOn>
          <link:usedOn>link:calculationLink</link:usedOn>
          <link:usedOn>link:definitionLink</link:usedOn>
        </link:roleType>
        <link:roleType roleURI="http://iveda.com/role/ScheduleOfShort-termDebtDetails" id="ScheduleOfShort-termDebtDetails">
          <link:definition>999041 - Disclosure - SCHEDULE OF SHORT-TERM DEBT (Details)</link:definition>
          <link:usedOn>link:presentationLink</link:usedOn>
          <link:usedOn>link:calculationLink</link:usedOn>
          <link:usedOn>link:definitionLink</link:usedOn>
        </link:roleType>
        <link:roleType roleURI="http://iveda.com/role/ScheduleOfLong-termDebtDetailsParenthetical" id="ScheduleOfLong-termDebtDetailsParenthetical">
          <link:definition>999042 - Disclosure - SCHEDULE OF LONG-TERM DEBT (Details) (Parenthetical)</link:definition>
          <link:usedOn>link:presentationLink</link:usedOn>
          <link:usedOn>link:calculationLink</link:usedOn>
          <link:usedOn>link:definitionLink</link:usedOn>
        </link:roleType>
        <link:roleType roleURI="http://iveda.com/role/ScheduleOfLong-termDebtDetails" id="ScheduleOfLong-termDebtDetails">
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          <link:usedOn>link:presentationLink</link:usedOn>
          <link:usedOn>link:calculationLink</link:usedOn>
          <link:usedOn>link:definitionLink</link:usedOn>
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        <link:roleType roleURI="http://iveda.com/role/ScheduleOfMinimumPaymentOfLongTermDebtDetails" id="ScheduleOfMinimumPaymentOfLongTermDebtDetails">
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          <link:usedOn>link:presentationLink</link:usedOn>
          <link:usedOn>link:calculationLink</link:usedOn>
          <link:usedOn>link:definitionLink</link:usedOn>
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        <link:roleType roleURI="http://iveda.com/role/PreferredStockDetailsNarrative" id="PreferredStockDetailsNarrative">
          <link:definition>999045 - Disclosure - PREFERRED STOCK (Details Narrative)</link:definition>
          <link:usedOn>link:presentationLink</link:usedOn>
          <link:usedOn>link:calculationLink</link:usedOn>
          <link:usedOn>link:definitionLink</link:usedOn>
        </link:roleType>
        <link:roleType roleURI="http://iveda.com/role/EquityDetailsNarrative" id="EquityDetailsNarrative">
          <link:definition>999046 - Disclosure - EQUITY (Details Narrative)</link:definition>
          <link:usedOn>link:presentationLink</link:usedOn>
          <link:usedOn>link:calculationLink</link:usedOn>
          <link:usedOn>link:definitionLink</link:usedOn>
        </link:roleType>
        <link:roleType roleURI="http://iveda.com/role/ScheduleOfStockOptionTransactionsDetails" id="ScheduleOfStockOptionTransactionsDetails">
          <link:definition>999047 - Disclosure - SCHEDULE OF STOCK OPTION TRANSACTIONS (Details)</link:definition>
          <link:usedOn>link:presentationLink</link:usedOn>
          <link:usedOn>link:calculationLink</link:usedOn>
          <link:usedOn>link:definitionLink</link:usedOn>
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        <link:roleType roleURI="http://iveda.com/role/ScheduleOfStockOptionOutstandingAndExercisableAndExercisableExercisePriceRangeDetails" id="ScheduleOfStockOptionOutstandingAndExercisableAndExercisableExercisePriceRangeDetails">
          <link:definition>999048 - Disclosure - SCHEDULE OF STOCK OPTION OUTSTANDING AND EXERCISABLE AND EXERCISABLE EXERCISE PRICE RANGE (Details)</link:definition>
          <link:usedOn>link:presentationLink</link:usedOn>
          <link:usedOn>link:calculationLink</link:usedOn>
          <link:usedOn>link:definitionLink</link:usedOn>
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        <link:roleType roleURI="http://iveda.com/role/ScheduleOfWarrantTransactionsDetails" id="ScheduleOfWarrantTransactionsDetails">
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          <link:usedOn>link:presentationLink</link:usedOn>
          <link:usedOn>link:calculationLink</link:usedOn>
          <link:usedOn>link:definitionLink</link:usedOn>
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        <link:roleType roleURI="http://iveda.com/role/SummaryOfWarrantsOutstandingAndExercisableDetails" id="SummaryOfWarrantsOutstandingAndExercisableDetails">
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          <link:usedOn>link:presentationLink</link:usedOn>
          <link:usedOn>link:calculationLink</link:usedOn>
          <link:usedOn>link:definitionLink</link:usedOn>
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        <link:roleType roleURI="http://iveda.com/role/StockOptionPlanAndWarrantsDetailsNarrative" id="StockOptionPlanAndWarrantsDetailsNarrative">
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          <link:usedOn>link:calculationLink</link:usedOn>
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        <link:roleType roleURI="http://iveda.com/role/ScheduleOfEffectiveTaxRateDetails" id="ScheduleOfEffectiveTaxRateDetails">
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          <link:usedOn>link:calculationLink</link:usedOn>
          <link:usedOn>link:definitionLink</link:usedOn>
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        <link:roleType roleURI="http://iveda.com/role/ScheduleOfDeferredTaxAssetsAndLiabilitiesDetails" id="ScheduleOfDeferredTaxAssetsAndLiabilitiesDetails">
          <link:definition>999053 - Disclosure - SCHEDULE OF DEFERRED TAX ASSETS AND LIABILITIES (Details)</link:definition>
          <link:usedOn>link:presentationLink</link:usedOn>
          <link:usedOn>link:calculationLink</link:usedOn>
          <link:usedOn>link:definitionLink</link:usedOn>
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        <link:roleType roleURI="http://iveda.com/role/IncomeTaxesDetailsNarrative" id="IncomeTaxesDetailsNarrative">
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          <link:usedOn>link:calculationLink</link:usedOn>
          <link:usedOn>link:definitionLink</link:usedOn>
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        <link:roleType roleURI="http://iveda.com/role/ScheduleOfEarningsPerShareBasicAndDilutedDetails" id="ScheduleOfEarningsPerShareBasicAndDilutedDetails">
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          <link:usedOn>link:presentationLink</link:usedOn>
          <link:usedOn>link:calculationLink</link:usedOn>
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        <link:roleType roleURI="http://iveda.com/role/ScheduleOfBasicAndDilutedLossPerSharesSecuritiesDetails" id="ScheduleOfBasicAndDilutedLossPerSharesSecuritiesDetails">
          <link:definition>999056 - Disclosure - SCHEDULE OF BASIC AND DILUTED LOSS PER SHARES SECURITIES (Details)</link:definition>
          <link:usedOn>link:presentationLink</link:usedOn>
          <link:usedOn>link:calculationLink</link:usedOn>
          <link:usedOn>link:definitionLink</link:usedOn>
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        <link:roleType roleURI="http://iveda.com/role/ContingentLiabilitiesDetailsNarrative" id="ContingentLiabilitiesDetailsNarrative">
          <link:definition>999057 - Disclosure - CONTINGENT LIABILITIES (Details Narrative)</link:definition>
          <link:usedOn>link:presentationLink</link:usedOn>
          <link:usedOn>link:calculationLink</link:usedOn>
          <link:usedOn>link:definitionLink</link:usedOn>
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        <link:roleType roleURI="http://iveda.com/role/ScheduleOfSegmentInformationDetails" id="ScheduleOfSegmentInformationDetails">
          <link:definition>999058 - Disclosure - SCHEDULE OF SEGMENT INFORMATION (Details)</link:definition>
          <link:usedOn>link:presentationLink</link:usedOn>
          <link:usedOn>link:calculationLink</link:usedOn>
          <link:usedOn>link:definitionLink</link:usedOn>
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        <link:roleType roleURI="http://iveda.com/role/ScheduleOfNetAssetsLiabilitiesByGeographicRegionsDetails" id="ScheduleOfNetAssetsLiabilitiesByGeographicRegionsDetails">
          <link:definition>999059 - Disclosure - SCHEDULE OF NET ASSETS LIABILITIES BY GEOGRAPHIC REGIONS (Details)</link:definition>
          <link:usedOn>link:presentationLink</link:usedOn>
          <link:usedOn>link:calculationLink</link:usedOn>
          <link:usedOn>link:definitionLink</link:usedOn>
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        <link:roleType roleURI="http://iveda.com/role/ScheduleOfRestatementsOfBalanceSheetsDetails" id="ScheduleOfRestatementsOfBalanceSheetsDetails">
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          <link:usedOn>link:presentationLink</link:usedOn>
          <link:usedOn>link:calculationLink</link:usedOn>
          <link:usedOn>link:definitionLink</link:usedOn>
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        <link:roleType roleURI="http://iveda.com/role/ScheduleOfRestatementsOfOperationsDetails" id="ScheduleOfRestatementsOfOperationsDetails">
          <link:definition>999061 - Disclosure - SCHEDULE OF RESTATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS (Details)</link:definition>
          <link:usedOn>link:presentationLink</link:usedOn>
          <link:usedOn>link:calculationLink</link:usedOn>
          <link:usedOn>link:definitionLink</link:usedOn>
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        <link:roleType roleURI="http://iveda.com/role/ScheduleOfRestatementsOfEquityDetails" id="ScheduleOfRestatementsOfEquityDetails">
          <link:definition>999062 - Disclosure - SCHEDULE OF RESTATEMENTS OF EQUITY (Details)</link:definition>
          <link:usedOn>link:presentationLink</link:usedOn>
          <link:usedOn>link:calculationLink</link:usedOn>
          <link:usedOn>link:definitionLink</link:usedOn>
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        <link:roleType roleURI="http://iveda.com/role/ScheduleOfRestatementsOfCashFlowsDetails" id="ScheduleOfRestatementsOfCashFlowsDetails">
          <link:definition>999063 - Disclosure - SCHEDULE OF RESTATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS (Details)</link:definition>
          <link:usedOn>link:presentationLink</link:usedOn>
          <link:usedOn>link:calculationLink</link:usedOn>
          <link:usedOn>link:definitionLink</link:usedOn>
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        <link:roleType roleURI="http://iveda.com/role/ScheduleOfRestatementsOfCashFlowsDetailsParenthetical" id="ScheduleOfRestatementsOfCashFlowsDetailsParenthetical">
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          <link:usedOn>link:presentationLink</link:usedOn>
          <link:usedOn>link:calculationLink</link:usedOn>
          <link:usedOn>link:definitionLink</link:usedOn>
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        <link:roleType roleURI="http://iveda.com/role/RestatementOfPreviouslyIssuedFinancialStatementsDetailsNarrative" id="RestatementOfPreviouslyIssuedFinancialStatementsDetailsNarrative">
          <link:definition>999065 - Disclosure - RESTATEMENT OF PREVIOUSLY ISSUED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Details Narrative)</link:definition>
          <link:usedOn>link:presentationLink</link:usedOn>
          <link:usedOn>link:calculationLink</link:usedOn>
          <link:usedOn>link:definitionLink</link:usedOn>
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        <link:roleType roleURI="http://iveda.com/role/SubsequentEventsDetailsNarrative" id="SubsequentEventsDetailsNarrative">
          <link:definition>999066 - Disclosure - SUBSEQUENT EVENTS (Details Narrative)</link:definition>
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          <link:usedOn>link:calculationLink</link:usedOn>
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</schema>
</XBRL>
</TEXT>
</DOCUMENT>
<DOCUMENT>
<TYPE>EX-101.CAL
<SEQUENCE>10
<FILENAME>ivda-20241231_cal.xml
<DESCRIPTION>XBRL CALCULATION FILE
<TEXT>
<XBRL>
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<DOCUMENT>
<TYPE>EX-101.LAB
<SEQUENCE>12
<FILENAME>ivda-20241231_lab.xml
<DESCRIPTION>XBRL LABEL FILE
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      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="IVDA_TwoCustomersMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Two Customers [Member]</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2024/dei-2024.xsd#dei_LegalEntityAxis" xlink:label="dei_LegalEntityAxis" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_LegalEntityAxis" xlink:to="dei_LegalEntityAxis_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_LegalEntityAxis_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Legal Entity [Axis]</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="ivda-20241231.xsd#IVDA_YouMingHueiCoLtdMember" xlink:label="IVDA_YouMingHueiCoLtdMember" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="IVDA_YouMingHueiCoLtdMember" xlink:to="IVDA_YouMingHueiCoLtdMember_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="IVDA_YouMingHueiCoLtdMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">YOU MING HUEI CO. LTD [Member]</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="ivda-20241231.xsd#IVDA_ChiconyPowerTechnologyMember" xlink:label="IVDA_ChiconyPowerTechnologyMember" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="IVDA_ChiconyPowerTechnologyMember" xlink:to="IVDA_ChiconyPowerTechnologyMember_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="IVDA_ChiconyPowerTechnologyMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Chicony Power Technology [Member]</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_AccountsReceivableMember" xlink:label="us-gaap_AccountsReceivableMember" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_AccountsReceivableMember" xlink:to="us-gaap_AccountsReceivableMember_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_AccountsReceivableMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Accounts Receivable [Member]</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="ivda-20241231.xsd#IVDA_OneCustomersMember" xlink:label="IVDA_OneCustomersMember" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="IVDA_OneCustomersMember" xlink:to="IVDA_OneCustomersMember_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="IVDA_OneCustomersMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">One Customers [Member]</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="ivda-20241231.xsd#IVDA_OtherCustomersMember" xlink:label="IVDA_OtherCustomersMember" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="IVDA_OtherCustomersMember" xlink:to="IVDA_OtherCustomersMember_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="IVDA_OtherCustomersMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Other Customers [Member]</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/srt/2024/elts/srt-2024.xsd#srt_RangeAxis" xlink:label="srt_RangeAxis" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="srt_RangeAxis" xlink:to="srt_RangeAxis_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="srt_RangeAxis_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Statistical Measurement [Axis]</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/srt/2024/elts/srt-2024.xsd#srt_MinimumMember" xlink:label="srt_MinimumMember" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="srt_MinimumMember" xlink:to="srt_MinimumMember_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="srt_MinimumMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Minimum [Member]</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/srt/2024/elts/srt-2024.xsd#srt_MaximumMember" xlink:label="srt_MaximumMember" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="srt_MaximumMember" xlink:to="srt_MaximumMember_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="srt_MaximumMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Maximum [Member]</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/srt/2024/elts/srt-2024.xsd#srt_ScheduleOfEquityMethodInvestmentEquityMethodInvesteeNameAxis" xlink:label="srt_ScheduleOfEquityMethodInvestmentEquityMethodInvesteeNameAxis" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="srt_ScheduleOfEquityMethodInvestmentEquityMethodInvesteeNameAxis" xlink:to="srt_ScheduleOfEquityMethodInvestmentEquityMethodInvesteeNameAxis_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="srt_ScheduleOfEquityMethodInvestmentEquityMethodInvesteeNameAxis_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Investment, Name [Axis]</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="ivda-20241231.xsd#IVDA_IvedaPhilsJointVentureMember" xlink:label="IVDA_IvedaPhilsJointVentureMember" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="IVDA_IvedaPhilsJointVentureMember" xlink:to="IVDA_IvedaPhilsJointVentureMember_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="IVDA_IvedaPhilsJointVentureMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Iveda Phils Joint Venture [Member]</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_ContractWithCustomerSalesChannelAxis" xlink:label="us-gaap_ContractWithCustomerSalesChannelAxis" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_ContractWithCustomerSalesChannelAxis" xlink:to="us-gaap_ContractWithCustomerSalesChannelAxis_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_ContractWithCustomerSalesChannelAxis_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Contract with Customer, Sales Channel [Axis]</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="ivda-20241231.xsd#IVDA_CommercialEnterprisesMember" xlink:label="IVDA_CommercialEnterprisesMember" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="IVDA_CommercialEnterprisesMember" xlink:to="IVDA_CommercialEnterprisesMember_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="IVDA_CommercialEnterprisesMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Commercial Enterprises [Member]</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="ivda-20241231.xsd#IVDA_DistributorsMember" xlink:label="IVDA_DistributorsMember" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="IVDA_DistributorsMember" xlink:to="IVDA_DistributorsMember_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="IVDA_DistributorsMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Distributors [Member]</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="ivda-20241231.xsd#IVDA_MunicipalitiesMember" xlink:label="IVDA_MunicipalitiesMember" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="IVDA_MunicipalitiesMember" xlink:to="IVDA_MunicipalitiesMember_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="IVDA_MunicipalitiesMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Municipalities [Member]</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="ivda-20241231.xsd#IVDA_TaiwanGovernmentMember" xlink:label="IVDA_TaiwanGovernmentMember" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="IVDA_TaiwanGovernmentMember" xlink:to="IVDA_TaiwanGovernmentMember_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="IVDA_TaiwanGovernmentMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Taiwan Government [Member]</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="ivda-20241231.xsd#IVDA_OtherMember" xlink:label="IVDA_OtherMember" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="IVDA_OtherMember" xlink:to="IVDA_OtherMember_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="IVDA_OtherMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Other [Member]</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis" xlink:label="us-gaap_RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis" xlink:to="us-gaap_RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Related and Nonrelated Parties [Axis]</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="ivda-20241231.xsd#IVDA_ShanghaiBankMember" xlink:label="IVDA_ShanghaiBankMember" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="IVDA_ShanghaiBankMember" xlink:to="IVDA_ShanghaiBankMember_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="IVDA_ShanghaiBankMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Shanghai Bank [Member]</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="ivda-20241231.xsd#IVDA_HuaNamBankMember" xlink:label="IVDA_HuaNamBankMember" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="IVDA_HuaNamBankMember" xlink:to="IVDA_HuaNamBankMember_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="IVDA_HuaNamBankMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Hua Nam Bank [Member]</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="ivda-20241231.xsd#IVDA_ChangHwaBankMember" xlink:label="IVDA_ChangHwaBankMember" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="IVDA_ChangHwaBankMember" xlink:to="IVDA_ChangHwaBankMember_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="IVDA_ChangHwaBankMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Chang Hwa Bank [Member]</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_CreditFacilityAxis" xlink:label="us-gaap_CreditFacilityAxis" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_CreditFacilityAxis" xlink:to="us-gaap_CreditFacilityAxis_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_CreditFacilityAxis_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Credit Facility [Axis]</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_RevolvingCreditFacilityMember" xlink:label="us-gaap_RevolvingCreditFacilityMember" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_RevolvingCreditFacilityMember" xlink:to="us-gaap_RevolvingCreditFacilityMember_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_RevolvingCreditFacilityMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Revolving Credit Facility [Member]</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_LongtermDebtTypeAxis" xlink:label="us-gaap_LongtermDebtTypeAxis" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_LongtermDebtTypeAxis" xlink:to="us-gaap_LongtermDebtTypeAxis_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_LongtermDebtTypeAxis_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Long-Term Debt, Type [Axis]</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="ivda-20241231.xsd#IVDA_TermLoanMember" xlink:label="IVDA_TermLoanMember" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="IVDA_TermLoanMember" xlink:to="IVDA_TermLoanMember_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="IVDA_TermLoanMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Term Loan [Member]</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_SeriesAPreferredStockMember" xlink:label="us-gaap_SeriesAPreferredStockMember" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_SeriesAPreferredStockMember" xlink:to="us-gaap_SeriesAPreferredStockMember_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_SeriesAPreferredStockMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Series A Preferred Stock [Member]</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_WarrantMember" xlink:label="us-gaap_WarrantMember" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_WarrantMember" xlink:to="us-gaap_WarrantMember_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_WarrantMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Warrant [Member]</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_InvestorMember" xlink:label="us-gaap_InvestorMember" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_InvestorMember" xlink:to="us-gaap_InvestorMember_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_InvestorMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Investor [Member]</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="ivda-20241231.xsd#IVDA_UnregisteredSeriesAWarrantsMember" xlink:label="IVDA_UnregisteredSeriesAWarrantsMember" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="IVDA_UnregisteredSeriesAWarrantsMember" xlink:to="IVDA_UnregisteredSeriesAWarrantsMember_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="IVDA_UnregisteredSeriesAWarrantsMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Unregistered Series A Warrants [Member]</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="ivda-20241231.xsd#IVDA_UnregisteredSeriesBWarrantsMember" xlink:label="IVDA_UnregisteredSeriesBWarrantsMember" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="IVDA_UnregisteredSeriesBWarrantsMember" xlink:to="IVDA_UnregisteredSeriesBWarrantsMember_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="IVDA_UnregisteredSeriesBWarrantsMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Unregistered Series B Warrants [Member]</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_ClassOfWarrantOrRightAxis" xlink:label="us-gaap_ClassOfWarrantOrRightAxis" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_ClassOfWarrantOrRightAxis" xlink:to="us-gaap_ClassOfWarrantOrRightAxis_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_ClassOfWarrantOrRightAxis_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Class of Warrant or Right [Axis]</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="ivda-20241231.xsd#IVDA_September2024DirectOfferingMember" xlink:label="IVDA_September2024DirectOfferingMember" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="IVDA_September2024DirectOfferingMember" xlink:to="IVDA_September2024DirectOfferingMember_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="IVDA_September2024DirectOfferingMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">September 2024 Direct Offering [Member]</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_PlanNameAxis" xlink:label="us-gaap_PlanNameAxis" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_PlanNameAxis" xlink:to="us-gaap_PlanNameAxis_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_PlanNameAxis_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Plan Name [Axis]</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="ivda-20241231.xsd#IVDA_TwoThousandTenStockOptionPlanMember" xlink:label="IVDA_TwoThousandTenStockOptionPlanMember" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="IVDA_TwoThousandTenStockOptionPlanMember" xlink:to="IVDA_TwoThousandTenStockOptionPlanMember_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="IVDA_TwoThousandTenStockOptionPlanMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">2010 Stock Option Plan [Member]</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="ivda-20241231.xsd#IVDA_TwoThousandTwentyPlanMember" xlink:label="IVDA_TwoThousandTwentyPlanMember" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="IVDA_TwoThousandTwentyPlanMember" xlink:to="IVDA_TwoThousandTwentyPlanMember_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="IVDA_TwoThousandTwentyPlanMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">2020 Plan [Member]</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="ivda-20241231.xsd#IVDA_StockOptionPlanMember" xlink:label="IVDA_StockOptionPlanMember" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="IVDA_StockOptionPlanMember" xlink:to="IVDA_StockOptionPlanMember_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="IVDA_StockOptionPlanMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Stock Option Plan [Member]</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_AwardTypeAxis" xlink:label="us-gaap_AwardTypeAxis" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_AwardTypeAxis" xlink:to="us-gaap_AwardTypeAxis_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_AwardTypeAxis_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Award Type [Axis]</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_IncomeTaxAuthorityAxis" xlink:label="us-gaap_IncomeTaxAuthorityAxis" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_IncomeTaxAuthorityAxis" xlink:to="us-gaap_IncomeTaxAuthorityAxis_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_IncomeTaxAuthorityAxis_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Income Tax Jurisdiction [Axis]</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_DomesticCountryMember" xlink:label="us-gaap_DomesticCountryMember" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_DomesticCountryMember" xlink:to="us-gaap_DomesticCountryMember_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_DomesticCountryMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Domestic Tax Jurisdiction [Member]</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_ForeignCountryMember" xlink:label="us-gaap_ForeignCountryMember" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_ForeignCountryMember" xlink:to="us-gaap_ForeignCountryMember_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_ForeignCountryMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Foreign Tax Jurisdiction [Member]</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_StatementBusinessSegmentsAxis" xlink:label="us-gaap_StatementBusinessSegmentsAxis" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_StatementBusinessSegmentsAxis" xlink:to="us-gaap_StatementBusinessSegmentsAxis_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_StatementBusinessSegmentsAxis_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Segments [Axis]</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="ivda-20241231.xsd#IVDA_UsBasedSegmentMember" xlink:label="IVDA_UsBasedSegmentMember" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="IVDA_UsBasedSegmentMember" xlink:to="IVDA_UsBasedSegmentMember_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="IVDA_UsBasedSegmentMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">U.S. - Based Segment [Member]</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_AntidilutiveSecuritiesExcludedFromComputationOfEarningsPerShareByAntidilutiveSecuritiesAxis" xlink:label="us-gaap_AntidilutiveSecuritiesExcludedFromComputationOfEarningsPerShareByAntidilutiveSecuritiesAxis" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_AntidilutiveSecuritiesExcludedFromComputationOfEarningsPerShareByAntidilutiveSecuritiesAxis" xlink:to="us-gaap_AntidilutiveSecuritiesExcludedFromComputationOfEarningsPerShareByAntidilutiveSecuritiesAxis_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_AntidilutiveSecuritiesExcludedFromComputationOfEarningsPerShareByAntidilutiveSecuritiesAxis_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Antidilutive Securities [Axis]</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_EmployeeStockOptionMember" xlink:label="us-gaap_EmployeeStockOptionMember" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_EmployeeStockOptionMember" xlink:to="us-gaap_EmployeeStockOptionMember_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_EmployeeStockOptionMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Share-Based Payment Arrangement, Option [Member]</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="ivda-20241231.xsd#IVDA_AegisCapitalCorpMember" xlink:label="IVDA_AegisCapitalCorpMember" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="IVDA_AegisCapitalCorpMember" xlink:to="IVDA_AegisCapitalCorpMember_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="IVDA_AegisCapitalCorpMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Aegis Capital Corp [Member]</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="ivda-20241231.xsd#IVDA_MegasysMember" xlink:label="IVDA_MegasysMember" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="IVDA_MegasysMember" xlink:to="IVDA_MegasysMember_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="IVDA_MegasysMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Megasys [Member]</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/srt/2024/elts/srt-2024.xsd#srt_StatementGeographicalAxis" xlink:label="srt_StatementGeographicalAxis" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="srt_StatementGeographicalAxis" xlink:to="srt_StatementGeographicalAxis_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="srt_StatementGeographicalAxis_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Geographical [Axis]</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/country/2024/country-2024.xsd#country_US" xlink:label="country_US" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="country_US" xlink:to="country_US_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="country_US_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">UNITED STATES</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/country/2024/country-2024.xsd#country_TW" xlink:label="country_TW" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="country_TW" xlink:to="country_TW_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="country_TW_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">TAIWAN</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="ivda-20241231.xsd#IVDA_RepublicOfChinaTaiwanMember" xlink:label="IVDA_RepublicOfChinaTaiwanMember" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="IVDA_RepublicOfChinaTaiwanMember" xlink:to="IVDA_RepublicOfChinaTaiwanMember_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="IVDA_RepublicOfChinaTaiwanMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Republic of China (Taiwan) [Member]</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="ivda-20241231.xsd#IVDA_IvedaTaiwanMember" xlink:label="IVDA_IvedaTaiwanMember" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="IVDA_IvedaTaiwanMember" xlink:to="IVDA_IvedaTaiwanMember_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="IVDA_IvedaTaiwanMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Iveda Taiwan [Member]</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/srt/2024/elts/srt-2024.xsd#srt_RevisionOfPriorPeriodReclassificationAdjustmentMember" xlink:label="srt_RevisionOfPriorPeriodReclassificationAdjustmentMember" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="srt_RevisionOfPriorPeriodReclassificationAdjustmentMember" xlink:to="srt_RevisionOfPriorPeriodReclassificationAdjustmentMember_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="srt_RevisionOfPriorPeriodReclassificationAdjustmentMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Revision of Prior Period, Reclassification, Adjustment [Member]</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="ivda-20241231.xsd#IVDA_RestatedMember" xlink:label="IVDA_RestatedMember" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="IVDA_RestatedMember" xlink:to="IVDA_RestatedMember_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="IVDA_RestatedMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Restated [Member]</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_BalanceSheetLocationAxis" xlink:label="us-gaap_BalanceSheetLocationAxis" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_BalanceSheetLocationAxis" xlink:to="us-gaap_BalanceSheetLocationAxis_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_BalanceSheetLocationAxis_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Statement of Financial Position Location, Balance [Axis]</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_AccountsPayableAndAccruedLiabilitiesMember" xlink:label="us-gaap_AccountsPayableAndAccruedLiabilitiesMember" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_AccountsPayableAndAccruedLiabilitiesMember" xlink:to="us-gaap_AccountsPayableAndAccruedLiabilitiesMember_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_AccountsPayableAndAccruedLiabilitiesMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Accounts Payable and Accrued Liabilities [Member]</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/srt/2024/elts/srt-2024.xsd#srt_RestatementAdjustmentMember" xlink:label="srt_RestatementAdjustmentMember" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="srt_RestatementAdjustmentMember" xlink:to="srt_RestatementAdjustmentMember_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="srt_RestatementAdjustmentMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Revision of Prior Period, Adjustment [Member]</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_NoncontrollingInterestMember" xlink:label="us-gaap_NoncontrollingInterestMember" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_NoncontrollingInterestMember" xlink:to="us-gaap_NoncontrollingInterestMember_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_NoncontrollingInterestMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Noncontrolling Interest [Member]</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_IncomeStatementLocationAxis" xlink:label="us-gaap_IncomeStatementLocationAxis" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_IncomeStatementLocationAxis" xlink:to="us-gaap_IncomeStatementLocationAxis_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_IncomeStatementLocationAxis_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Statement of Income Location, Balance [Axis]</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_ResearchAndDevelopmentExpenseMember" xlink:label="us-gaap_ResearchAndDevelopmentExpenseMember" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_ResearchAndDevelopmentExpenseMember" xlink:to="us-gaap_ResearchAndDevelopmentExpenseMember_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_ResearchAndDevelopmentExpenseMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Research and Development Expense [Member]</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="ivda-20241231.xsd#IVDA_LossFromJointVentureMember" xlink:label="IVDA_LossFromJointVentureMember" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="IVDA_LossFromJointVentureMember" xlink:to="IVDA_LossFromJointVentureMember_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="IVDA_LossFromJointVentureMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Loss From Joint Venture [Member]</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="ivda-20241231.xsd#IVDA_IncreaseDecreaseInAccountsAndOtherPayableMember" xlink:label="IVDA_IncreaseDecreaseInAccountsAndOtherPayableMember" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="IVDA_IncreaseDecreaseInAccountsAndOtherPayableMember" xlink:to="IVDA_IncreaseDecreaseInAccountsAndOtherPayableMember_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="IVDA_IncreaseDecreaseInAccountsAndOtherPayableMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Increase Decrease In Accounts and Other Payable [Member]</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="ivda-20241231.xsd#IVDA_AdditionalLossFromJointVentureMember" xlink:label="IVDA_AdditionalLossFromJointVentureMember" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="IVDA_AdditionalLossFromJointVentureMember" xlink:to="IVDA_AdditionalLossFromJointVentureMember_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="IVDA_AdditionalLossFromJointVentureMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Additional Loss From Joint Venture [Member]</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="ivda-20241231.xsd#IVDA_RestrictedCashWriteOffMember" xlink:label="IVDA_RestrictedCashWriteOffMember" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="IVDA_RestrictedCashWriteOffMember" xlink:to="IVDA_RestrictedCashWriteOffMember_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="IVDA_RestrictedCashWriteOffMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Restricted Cash WriteOff [Member]</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="ivda-20241231.xsd#IVDA_AdditionalRestrictedCashMember" xlink:label="IVDA_AdditionalRestrictedCashMember" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="IVDA_AdditionalRestrictedCashMember" xlink:to="IVDA_AdditionalRestrictedCashMember_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="IVDA_AdditionalRestrictedCashMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Additional Restricted Cash [Member]</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_TypeOfArrangementAxis" xlink:label="us-gaap_TypeOfArrangementAxis" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_TypeOfArrangementAxis" xlink:to="us-gaap_TypeOfArrangementAxis_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_TypeOfArrangementAxis_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Collaborative Arrangement and Arrangement Other than Collaborative [Axis]</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="ivda-20241231.xsd#IVDA_AtTheMarketOfferingAgreementMember" xlink:label="IVDA_AtTheMarketOfferingAgreementMember" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="IVDA_AtTheMarketOfferingAgreementMember" xlink:to="IVDA_AtTheMarketOfferingAgreementMember_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="IVDA_AtTheMarketOfferingAgreementMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">At The Market Offering Agreement [Member]</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_SubsequentEventTypeAxis" xlink:label="us-gaap_SubsequentEventTypeAxis" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_SubsequentEventTypeAxis" xlink:to="us-gaap_SubsequentEventTypeAxis_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_SubsequentEventTypeAxis_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Subsequent Event Type [Axis]</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_SubsequentEventMember" xlink:label="us-gaap_SubsequentEventMember" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_SubsequentEventMember" xlink:to="us-gaap_SubsequentEventMember_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_SubsequentEventMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Subsequent Event [Member]</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2024/dei-2024.xsd#dei_CoverAbstract" xlink:label="dei_CoverAbstract" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_CoverAbstract" xlink:to="dei_CoverAbstract_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_CoverAbstract_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Cover [Abstract]</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2024/dei-2024.xsd#dei_DocumentType" xlink:label="dei_DocumentType" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_DocumentType" xlink:to="dei_DocumentType_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_DocumentType_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Document Type</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2024/dei-2024.xsd#dei_AmendmentFlag" xlink:label="dei_AmendmentFlag" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_AmendmentFlag" xlink:to="dei_AmendmentFlag_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_AmendmentFlag_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Amendment Flag</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2024/dei-2024.xsd#dei_AmendmentDescription" xlink:label="dei_AmendmentDescription" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_AmendmentDescription" xlink:to="dei_AmendmentDescription_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_AmendmentDescription_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Amendment Description</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2024/dei-2024.xsd#dei_DocumentRegistrationStatement" xlink:label="dei_DocumentRegistrationStatement" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_DocumentRegistrationStatement" xlink:to="dei_DocumentRegistrationStatement_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_DocumentRegistrationStatement_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Document Registration Statement</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2024/dei-2024.xsd#dei_DocumentAnnualReport" xlink:label="dei_DocumentAnnualReport" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_DocumentAnnualReport" xlink:to="dei_DocumentAnnualReport_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_DocumentAnnualReport_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Document Annual Report</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2024/dei-2024.xsd#dei_DocumentQuarterlyReport" xlink:label="dei_DocumentQuarterlyReport" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_DocumentQuarterlyReport" xlink:to="dei_DocumentQuarterlyReport_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_DocumentQuarterlyReport_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Document Quarterly Report</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2024/dei-2024.xsd#dei_DocumentTransitionReport" xlink:label="dei_DocumentTransitionReport" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_DocumentTransitionReport" xlink:to="dei_DocumentTransitionReport_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_DocumentTransitionReport_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Document Transition Report</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2024/dei-2024.xsd#dei_DocumentShellCompanyReport" xlink:label="dei_DocumentShellCompanyReport" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_DocumentShellCompanyReport" xlink:to="dei_DocumentShellCompanyReport_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_DocumentShellCompanyReport_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Document Shell Company Report</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2024/dei-2024.xsd#dei_DocumentShellCompanyEventDate" xlink:label="dei_DocumentShellCompanyEventDate" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_DocumentShellCompanyEventDate" xlink:to="dei_DocumentShellCompanyEventDate_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_DocumentShellCompanyEventDate_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Document Shell Company Event Date</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2024/dei-2024.xsd#dei_DocumentPeriodStartDate" xlink:label="dei_DocumentPeriodStartDate" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_DocumentPeriodStartDate" xlink:to="dei_DocumentPeriodStartDate_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_DocumentPeriodStartDate_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Document Period Start Date</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2024/dei-2024.xsd#dei_DocumentPeriodEndDate" xlink:label="dei_DocumentPeriodEndDate" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_DocumentPeriodEndDate" xlink:to="dei_DocumentPeriodEndDate_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_DocumentPeriodEndDate_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Document Period End Date</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2024/dei-2024.xsd#dei_DocumentFiscalPeriodFocus" xlink:label="dei_DocumentFiscalPeriodFocus" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_DocumentFiscalPeriodFocus" xlink:to="dei_DocumentFiscalPeriodFocus_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_DocumentFiscalPeriodFocus_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Document Fiscal Period Focus</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2024/dei-2024.xsd#dei_DocumentFiscalYearFocus" xlink:label="dei_DocumentFiscalYearFocus" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_DocumentFiscalYearFocus" xlink:to="dei_DocumentFiscalYearFocus_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_DocumentFiscalYearFocus_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Document Fiscal Year Focus</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2024/dei-2024.xsd#dei_CurrentFiscalYearEndDate" xlink:label="dei_CurrentFiscalYearEndDate" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_CurrentFiscalYearEndDate" xlink:to="dei_CurrentFiscalYearEndDate_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_CurrentFiscalYearEndDate_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Current Fiscal Year End Date</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2024/dei-2024.xsd#dei_EntityFileNumber" xlink:label="dei_EntityFileNumber" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_EntityFileNumber" xlink:to="dei_EntityFileNumber_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_EntityFileNumber_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Entity File Number</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2024/dei-2024.xsd#dei_EntityRegistrantName" xlink:label="dei_EntityRegistrantName" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_EntityRegistrantName" xlink:to="dei_EntityRegistrantName_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_EntityRegistrantName_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Entity Registrant Name</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2024/dei-2024.xsd#dei_EntityCentralIndexKey" xlink:label="dei_EntityCentralIndexKey" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_EntityCentralIndexKey" xlink:to="dei_EntityCentralIndexKey_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_EntityCentralIndexKey_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Entity Central Index Key</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2024/dei-2024.xsd#dei_EntityPrimarySicNumber" xlink:label="dei_EntityPrimarySicNumber" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_EntityPrimarySicNumber" xlink:to="dei_EntityPrimarySicNumber_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_EntityPrimarySicNumber_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Entity Primary SIC Number</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2024/dei-2024.xsd#dei_EntityTaxIdentificationNumber" xlink:label="dei_EntityTaxIdentificationNumber" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_EntityTaxIdentificationNumber" xlink:to="dei_EntityTaxIdentificationNumber_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_EntityTaxIdentificationNumber_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Entity Tax Identification Number</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2024/dei-2024.xsd#dei_EntityIncorporationStateCountryCode" xlink:label="dei_EntityIncorporationStateCountryCode" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_EntityIncorporationStateCountryCode" xlink:to="dei_EntityIncorporationStateCountryCode_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_EntityIncorporationStateCountryCode_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Entity Incorporation, State or Country Code</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2024/dei-2024.xsd#dei_EntityAddressAddressLine1" xlink:label="dei_EntityAddressAddressLine1" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_EntityAddressAddressLine1" xlink:to="dei_EntityAddressAddressLine1_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_EntityAddressAddressLine1_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Entity Address, Address Line One</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2024/dei-2024.xsd#dei_EntityAddressAddressLine2" xlink:label="dei_EntityAddressAddressLine2" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_EntityAddressAddressLine2" xlink:to="dei_EntityAddressAddressLine2_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_EntityAddressAddressLine2_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Entity Address, Address Line Two</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2024/dei-2024.xsd#dei_EntityAddressAddressLine3" xlink:label="dei_EntityAddressAddressLine3" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_EntityAddressAddressLine3" xlink:to="dei_EntityAddressAddressLine3_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_EntityAddressAddressLine3_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Entity Address, Address Line Three</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2024/dei-2024.xsd#dei_EntityAddressCityOrTown" xlink:label="dei_EntityAddressCityOrTown" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_EntityAddressCityOrTown" xlink:to="dei_EntityAddressCityOrTown_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_EntityAddressCityOrTown_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Entity Address, City or Town</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2024/dei-2024.xsd#dei_EntityAddressStateOrProvince" xlink:label="dei_EntityAddressStateOrProvince" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_EntityAddressStateOrProvince" xlink:to="dei_EntityAddressStateOrProvince_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_EntityAddressStateOrProvince_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Entity Address, State or Province</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2024/dei-2024.xsd#dei_EntityAddressCountry" xlink:label="dei_EntityAddressCountry" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_EntityAddressCountry" xlink:to="dei_EntityAddressCountry_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_EntityAddressCountry_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Entity Address, Country</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2024/dei-2024.xsd#dei_EntityAddressPostalZipCode" xlink:label="dei_EntityAddressPostalZipCode" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_EntityAddressPostalZipCode" xlink:to="dei_EntityAddressPostalZipCode_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_EntityAddressPostalZipCode_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Entity Address, Postal Zip Code</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2024/dei-2024.xsd#dei_CountryRegion" xlink:label="dei_CountryRegion" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_CountryRegion" xlink:to="dei_CountryRegion_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_CountryRegion_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Country Region</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2024/dei-2024.xsd#dei_CityAreaCode" xlink:label="dei_CityAreaCode" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_CityAreaCode" xlink:to="dei_CityAreaCode_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_CityAreaCode_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">City Area Code</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2024/dei-2024.xsd#dei_LocalPhoneNumber" xlink:label="dei_LocalPhoneNumber" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_LocalPhoneNumber" xlink:to="dei_LocalPhoneNumber_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_LocalPhoneNumber_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Local Phone Number</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2024/dei-2024.xsd#dei_Extension" xlink:label="dei_Extension" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_Extension" xlink:to="dei_Extension_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_Extension_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Extension</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2024/dei-2024.xsd#dei_WrittenCommunications" xlink:label="dei_WrittenCommunications" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_WrittenCommunications" xlink:to="dei_WrittenCommunications_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_WrittenCommunications_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Written Communications</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2024/dei-2024.xsd#dei_SolicitingMaterial" xlink:label="dei_SolicitingMaterial" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_SolicitingMaterial" xlink:to="dei_SolicitingMaterial_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_SolicitingMaterial_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Soliciting Material</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2024/dei-2024.xsd#dei_PreCommencementTenderOffer" xlink:label="dei_PreCommencementTenderOffer" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_PreCommencementTenderOffer" xlink:to="dei_PreCommencementTenderOffer_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_PreCommencementTenderOffer_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Pre-commencement Tender Offer</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2024/dei-2024.xsd#dei_PreCommencementIssuerTenderOffer" xlink:label="dei_PreCommencementIssuerTenderOffer" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_PreCommencementIssuerTenderOffer" xlink:to="dei_PreCommencementIssuerTenderOffer_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_PreCommencementIssuerTenderOffer_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Pre-commencement Issuer Tender Offer</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2024/dei-2024.xsd#dei_Security12bTitle" xlink:label="dei_Security12bTitle" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_Security12bTitle" xlink:to="dei_Security12bTitle_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_Security12bTitle_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Title of 12(b) Security</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2024/dei-2024.xsd#dei_NoTradingSymbolFlag" xlink:label="dei_NoTradingSymbolFlag" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_NoTradingSymbolFlag" xlink:to="dei_NoTradingSymbolFlag_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_NoTradingSymbolFlag_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">No Trading Symbol Flag</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2024/dei-2024.xsd#dei_TradingSymbol" xlink:label="dei_TradingSymbol" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_TradingSymbol" xlink:to="dei_TradingSymbol_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_TradingSymbol_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Trading Symbol</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2024/dei-2024.xsd#dei_SecurityExchangeName" xlink:label="dei_SecurityExchangeName" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_SecurityExchangeName" xlink:to="dei_SecurityExchangeName_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_SecurityExchangeName_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Security Exchange Name</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2024/dei-2024.xsd#dei_Security12gTitle" xlink:label="dei_Security12gTitle" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_Security12gTitle" xlink:to="dei_Security12gTitle_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_Security12gTitle_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Title of 12(g) Security</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2024/dei-2024.xsd#dei_SecurityReportingObligation" xlink:label="dei_SecurityReportingObligation" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_SecurityReportingObligation" xlink:to="dei_SecurityReportingObligation_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_SecurityReportingObligation_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Security Reporting Obligation</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2024/dei-2024.xsd#dei_AnnualInformationForm" xlink:label="dei_AnnualInformationForm" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_AnnualInformationForm" xlink:to="dei_AnnualInformationForm_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_AnnualInformationForm_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Annual Information Form</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2024/dei-2024.xsd#dei_AuditedAnnualFinancialStatements" xlink:label="dei_AuditedAnnualFinancialStatements" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_AuditedAnnualFinancialStatements" xlink:to="dei_AuditedAnnualFinancialStatements_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_AuditedAnnualFinancialStatements_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Audited Annual Financial Statements</link:label>
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      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_EntityExTransitionPeriod_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Elected Not To Use the Extended Transition Period</link:label>
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      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_StockholdersEquityAbstract_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">STOCKHOLDERS&#8217; EQUITY</link:label>
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      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_AdditionalPaidInCapital" xlink:label="us-gaap_AdditionalPaidInCapital" />
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      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_PreferredStockParOrStatedValuePerShare_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Preferred Stock, par value</link:label>
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      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_PreferredStockSharesAuthorized_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Preferred stock, shares authorized</link:label>
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      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_PreferredStockSharesIssued_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Preferred stock, shares issued</link:label>
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      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_PreferredStockSharesOutstanding_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Preferred stock, shares outstanding</link:label>
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      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_CommonStockParOrStatedValuePerShare_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Common stock, par value</link:label>
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      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_CommonStockSharesAuthorized_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Common stock, shares authorized</link:label>
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      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/totalLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_OperatingExpenses_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Total Operating Expenses</link:label>
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      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_OtherNonoperatingIncomeExpense" xlink:label="us-gaap_OtherNonoperatingIncomeExpense" />
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      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/totalLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_IncomeLossFromContinuingOperationsBeforeIncomeTaxesExtraordinaryItemsNoncontrollingInterest_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">LOSS BEFORE INCOME TAXES</link:label>
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      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/negatedLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_IncomeTaxExpenseBenefit_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">BENEFIT (PROVISION) FOR INCOME TAXES</link:label>
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      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_EarningsPerShareBasic_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">BASIC LOSS PER SHARE</link:label>
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      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_WeightedAverageNumberOfSharesOutstandingBasic_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">BASIC WEIGHTED AVERAGE SHARES</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_WeightedAverageNumberOfDilutedSharesOutstanding" xlink:label="us-gaap_WeightedAverageNumberOfDilutedSharesOutstanding" />
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      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_WeightedAverageNumberOfDilutedSharesOutstanding_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">DILUTED WEIGHTED AVERAGE SHARES</link:label>
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      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_IncomeStatementAbstract_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Income Statement [Abstract]</link:label>
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      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_NetIncomeLoss_2_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Net Loss</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_OtherComprehensiveIncomeLossBeforeTaxPeriodIncreaseDecreaseAbstract" xlink:label="us-gaap_OtherComprehensiveIncomeLossBeforeTaxPeriodIncreaseDecreaseAbstract" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_OtherComprehensiveIncomeLossBeforeTaxPeriodIncreaseDecreaseAbstract" xlink:to="us-gaap_OtherComprehensiveIncomeLossBeforeTaxPeriodIncreaseDecreaseAbstract_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_OtherComprehensiveIncomeLossBeforeTaxPeriodIncreaseDecreaseAbstract_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Other Comprehensive Loss</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_OtherComprehensiveIncomeLossForeignCurrencyTransactionAndTranslationAdjustmentNetOfTax" xlink:label="us-gaap_OtherComprehensiveIncomeLossForeignCurrencyTransactionAndTranslationAdjustmentNetOfTax" />
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      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_OtherComprehensiveIncomeLossForeignCurrencyTransactionAndTranslationAdjustmentNetOfTax_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Foreign Currency Translation, Net of Tax</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_ComprehensiveIncomeNetOfTax" xlink:label="us-gaap_ComprehensiveIncomeNetOfTax" />
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      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/totalLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_ComprehensiveIncomeNetOfTax_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Comprehensive Loss</link:label>
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_StockholdersEquityIncludingPortionAttributableToNoncontrollingInterest" xlink:to="us-gaap_StockholdersEquityIncludingPortionAttributableToNoncontrollingInterest_2_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/periodStartLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_StockholdersEquityIncludingPortionAttributableToNoncontrollingInterest_2_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">BALANCE</link:label>
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      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_SharesOutstanding" xlink:to="us-gaap_SharesOutstanding_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/periodStartLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_SharesOutstanding_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">BALANCE, shares</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="ivda-20241231.xsd#IVDA_DeferredIncomeTaxEffectsToEquityPriorPeriodAdjustment" xlink:label="IVDA_DeferredIncomeTaxEffectsToEquityPriorPeriodAdjustment" />
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      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/negatedLabel" xlink:label="IVDA_DeferredIncomeTaxEffectsToEquityPriorPeriodAdjustment_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Prior Period Adjustments</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="ivda-20241231.xsd#IVDA_StockIssuedDuringPeriodValueStockWarrantsExercised" xlink:label="IVDA_StockIssuedDuringPeriodValueStockWarrantsExercised" />
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      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="IVDA_StockIssuedDuringPeriodValueStockWarrantsExercised_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Exercise of warrants issued August 2022</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="ivda-20241231.xsd#IVDA_StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesStockWarrantsExercised" xlink:label="IVDA_StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesStockWarrantsExercised" />
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      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_AdjustmentsToAdditionalPaidInCapitalWarrantIssued" xlink:label="us-gaap_AdjustmentsToAdditionalPaidInCapitalWarrantIssued" />
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      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesIssuedForServices" xlink:label="us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesIssuedForServices" />
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      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesIssuedForServices_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Common Stock for Services, shares</link:label>
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      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="ivda-20241231.xsd#IVDA_StockIssuedDuringReverseSplitFractionalSharesValue" xlink:label="IVDA_StockIssuedDuringReverseSplitFractionalSharesValue" />
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      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_StatementOfCashFlowsAbstract_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Statement of Cash Flows [Abstract]</link:label>
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      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInOperatingActivitiesAbstract_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">CASH FLOWS FROM OPERATING ACTIVITIES</link:label>
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      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_DepreciationDepletionAndAmortization_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Depreciation and Amortization</link:label>
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      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensation" xlink:to="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensation_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/verboseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensation_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Stock Option Compensation</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="ivda-20241231.xsd#IVDA_CommonStockWarrantsIssuedForServices" xlink:label="IVDA_CommonStockWarrantsIssuedForServices" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="IVDA_CommonStockWarrantsIssuedForServices" xlink:to="IVDA_CommonStockWarrantsIssuedForServices_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="IVDA_CommonStockWarrantsIssuedForServices_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Common Stock Warrants Issued for Services</link:label>
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      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="IVDA_CommonStockIssuedForServices" xlink:to="IVDA_CommonStockIssuedForServices_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="IVDA_CommonStockIssuedForServices_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Common Stock issued for Services</link:label>
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      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/negatedLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_IncomeLossFromEquityMethodInvestments_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Loss from Iveda Phils Joint Venture</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInOperatingCapitalAbstract" xlink:label="us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInOperatingCapitalAbstract" />
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      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInAccountsReceivable" xlink:label="us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInAccountsReceivable" />
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      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInDeferredCharges" xlink:label="us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInDeferredCharges" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInDeferredCharges" xlink:to="us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInDeferredCharges_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
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      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/negatedLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInInventories_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Inventory</link:label>
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      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/negatedLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInOtherCurrentAssets_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Other Current Assets</link:label>
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      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInOtherNoncurrentAssets" xlink:to="us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInOtherNoncurrentAssets_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/negatedLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInOtherNoncurrentAssets_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Other Assets</link:label>
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      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInOtherAccountsPayable" xlink:to="us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInOtherAccountsPayable_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInOtherAccountsPayable_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Increase (Decrease) in Accounts and Other Payables</link:label>
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      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInInvestingActivitiesAbstract" xlink:label="us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInInvestingActivitiesAbstract" />
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      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInInvestingActivitiesAbstract_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">CASH FLOWS FROM INVESTING ACTIVITIES</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_PaymentsToAcquireOtherPropertyPlantAndEquipment" xlink:label="us-gaap_PaymentsToAcquireOtherPropertyPlantAndEquipment" />
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      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_ProceedsFromRepaymentsOfNotesPayable" xlink:label="us-gaap_ProceedsFromRepaymentsOfNotesPayable" />
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      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_SupplementalCashFlowInformationAbstract" xlink:to="us-gaap_SupplementalCashFlowInformationAbstract_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_SupplementalCashFlowInformationAbstract_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">SUPPLEMENTAL DISCLOSURE OF CASH FLOW INFORMATION</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_InterestPaidNet" xlink:label="us-gaap_InterestPaidNet" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_InterestPaidNet" xlink:to="us-gaap_InterestPaidNet_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_InterestPaidNet_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Interest Paid</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_IncomeTaxesPaidNet" xlink:label="us-gaap_IncomeTaxesPaidNet" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_IncomeTaxesPaidNet" xlink:to="us-gaap_IncomeTaxesPaidNet_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_IncomeTaxesPaidNet_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Income Tax Paid</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/ecd/2024/ecd-2024.xsd#ecd_PvpTable" xlink:label="ecd_PvpTable" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="ecd_PvpTable" xlink:to="ecd_PvpTable_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="ecd_PvpTable_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Pay vs Performance Disclosure [Table]</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/ecd/2024/ecd-2024.xsd#ecd_ExecutiveCategoryAxis" xlink:label="ecd_ExecutiveCategoryAxis" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="ecd_ExecutiveCategoryAxis" xlink:to="ecd_ExecutiveCategoryAxis_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="ecd_ExecutiveCategoryAxis_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Executive Category [Axis]</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/ecd/2024/ecd-2024.xsd#ecd_IndividualAxis" xlink:label="ecd_IndividualAxis" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="ecd_IndividualAxis" xlink:to="ecd_IndividualAxis_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="ecd_IndividualAxis_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Individual [Axis]</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/ecd/2024/ecd-2024.xsd#ecd_AdjToCompAxis" xlink:label="ecd_AdjToCompAxis" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="ecd_AdjToCompAxis" xlink:to="ecd_AdjToCompAxis_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="ecd_AdjToCompAxis_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Adjustment to Compensation [Axis]</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/ecd/2024/ecd-2024.xsd#ecd_MeasureAxis" xlink:label="ecd_MeasureAxis" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="ecd_MeasureAxis" xlink:to="ecd_MeasureAxis_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="ecd_MeasureAxis_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Measure [Axis]</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/ecd/2024/ecd-2024.xsd#ecd_PvpTableTextBlock" xlink:label="ecd_PvpTableTextBlock" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="ecd_PvpTableTextBlock" xlink:to="ecd_PvpTableTextBlock_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="ecd_PvpTableTextBlock_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Pay vs Performance Disclosure, Table</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/ecd/2024/ecd-2024.xsd#ecd_CoSelectedMeasureName" xlink:label="ecd_CoSelectedMeasureName" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="ecd_CoSelectedMeasureName" xlink:to="ecd_CoSelectedMeasureName_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="ecd_CoSelectedMeasureName_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Company Selected Measure Name</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/ecd/2024/ecd-2024.xsd#ecd_NamedExecutiveOfficersFnTextBlock" xlink:label="ecd_NamedExecutiveOfficersFnTextBlock" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="ecd_NamedExecutiveOfficersFnTextBlock" xlink:to="ecd_NamedExecutiveOfficersFnTextBlock_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="ecd_NamedExecutiveOfficersFnTextBlock_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Named Executive Officers, Footnote</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/ecd/2024/ecd-2024.xsd#ecd_PeerGroupIssuersFnTextBlock" xlink:label="ecd_PeerGroupIssuersFnTextBlock" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="ecd_PeerGroupIssuersFnTextBlock" xlink:to="ecd_PeerGroupIssuersFnTextBlock_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="ecd_PeerGroupIssuersFnTextBlock_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Peer Group Issuers, Footnote</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/ecd/2024/ecd-2024.xsd#ecd_ChangedPeerGroupFnTextBlock" xlink:label="ecd_ChangedPeerGroupFnTextBlock" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="ecd_ChangedPeerGroupFnTextBlock" xlink:to="ecd_ChangedPeerGroupFnTextBlock_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="ecd_ChangedPeerGroupFnTextBlock_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Changed Peer Group, Footnote</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/ecd/2024/ecd-2024.xsd#ecd_PeoTotalCompAmt" xlink:label="ecd_PeoTotalCompAmt" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="ecd_PeoTotalCompAmt" xlink:to="ecd_PeoTotalCompAmt_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="ecd_PeoTotalCompAmt_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">PEO Total Compensation Amount</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/ecd/2024/ecd-2024.xsd#ecd_PeoActuallyPaidCompAmt" xlink:label="ecd_PeoActuallyPaidCompAmt" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="ecd_PeoActuallyPaidCompAmt" xlink:to="ecd_PeoActuallyPaidCompAmt_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="ecd_PeoActuallyPaidCompAmt_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">PEO Actually Paid Compensation Amount</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/ecd/2024/ecd-2024.xsd#ecd_AdjToPeoCompFnTextBlock" xlink:label="ecd_AdjToPeoCompFnTextBlock" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="ecd_AdjToPeoCompFnTextBlock" xlink:to="ecd_AdjToPeoCompFnTextBlock_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="ecd_AdjToPeoCompFnTextBlock_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Adjustment To PEO Compensation, Footnote</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/ecd/2024/ecd-2024.xsd#ecd_NonPeoNeoAvgTotalCompAmt" xlink:label="ecd_NonPeoNeoAvgTotalCompAmt" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="ecd_NonPeoNeoAvgTotalCompAmt" xlink:to="ecd_NonPeoNeoAvgTotalCompAmt_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="ecd_NonPeoNeoAvgTotalCompAmt_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Non-PEO NEO Average Total Compensation Amount</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/ecd/2024/ecd-2024.xsd#ecd_NonPeoNeoAvgCompActuallyPaidAmt" xlink:label="ecd_NonPeoNeoAvgCompActuallyPaidAmt" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="ecd_NonPeoNeoAvgCompActuallyPaidAmt" xlink:to="ecd_NonPeoNeoAvgCompActuallyPaidAmt_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="ecd_NonPeoNeoAvgCompActuallyPaidAmt_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Non-PEO NEO Average Compensation Actually Paid Amount</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/ecd/2024/ecd-2024.xsd#ecd_AdjToNonPeoNeoCompFnTextBlock" xlink:label="ecd_AdjToNonPeoNeoCompFnTextBlock" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="ecd_AdjToNonPeoNeoCompFnTextBlock" xlink:to="ecd_AdjToNonPeoNeoCompFnTextBlock_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="ecd_AdjToNonPeoNeoCompFnTextBlock_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Adjustment to Non-PEO NEO Compensation Footnote</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/ecd/2024/ecd-2024.xsd#ecd_EquityValuationAssumptionDifferenceFnTextBlock" xlink:label="ecd_EquityValuationAssumptionDifferenceFnTextBlock" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="ecd_EquityValuationAssumptionDifferenceFnTextBlock" xlink:to="ecd_EquityValuationAssumptionDifferenceFnTextBlock_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="ecd_EquityValuationAssumptionDifferenceFnTextBlock_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Equity Valuation Assumption Difference, Footnote</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/ecd/2024/ecd-2024.xsd#ecd_CompActuallyPaidVsTotalShareholderRtnTextBlock" xlink:label="ecd_CompActuallyPaidVsTotalShareholderRtnTextBlock" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="ecd_CompActuallyPaidVsTotalShareholderRtnTextBlock" xlink:to="ecd_CompActuallyPaidVsTotalShareholderRtnTextBlock_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="ecd_CompActuallyPaidVsTotalShareholderRtnTextBlock_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Compensation Actually Paid vs. Total Shareholder Return</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/ecd/2024/ecd-2024.xsd#ecd_CompActuallyPaidVsNetIncomeTextBlock" xlink:label="ecd_CompActuallyPaidVsNetIncomeTextBlock" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="ecd_CompActuallyPaidVsNetIncomeTextBlock" xlink:to="ecd_CompActuallyPaidVsNetIncomeTextBlock_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="ecd_CompActuallyPaidVsNetIncomeTextBlock_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Compensation Actually Paid vs. Net Income</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/ecd/2024/ecd-2024.xsd#ecd_CompActuallyPaidVsCoSelectedMeasureTextBlock" xlink:label="ecd_CompActuallyPaidVsCoSelectedMeasureTextBlock" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="ecd_CompActuallyPaidVsCoSelectedMeasureTextBlock" xlink:to="ecd_CompActuallyPaidVsCoSelectedMeasureTextBlock_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="ecd_CompActuallyPaidVsCoSelectedMeasureTextBlock_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Compensation Actually Paid vs. Company Selected Measure</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/ecd/2024/ecd-2024.xsd#ecd_TotalShareholderRtnVsPeerGroupTextBlock" xlink:label="ecd_TotalShareholderRtnVsPeerGroupTextBlock" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="ecd_TotalShareholderRtnVsPeerGroupTextBlock" xlink:to="ecd_TotalShareholderRtnVsPeerGroupTextBlock_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="ecd_TotalShareholderRtnVsPeerGroupTextBlock_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Total Shareholder Return Vs Peer Group</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/ecd/2024/ecd-2024.xsd#ecd_CompActuallyPaidVsOtherMeasureTextBlock" xlink:label="ecd_CompActuallyPaidVsOtherMeasureTextBlock" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="ecd_CompActuallyPaidVsOtherMeasureTextBlock" xlink:to="ecd_CompActuallyPaidVsOtherMeasureTextBlock_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="ecd_CompActuallyPaidVsOtherMeasureTextBlock_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Compensation Actually Paid vs. Other Measure</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/ecd/2024/ecd-2024.xsd#ecd_TabularListTableTextBlock" xlink:label="ecd_TabularListTableTextBlock" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="ecd_TabularListTableTextBlock" xlink:to="ecd_TabularListTableTextBlock_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="ecd_TabularListTableTextBlock_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Tabular List, Table</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/ecd/2024/ecd-2024.xsd#ecd_TotalShareholderRtnAmt" xlink:label="ecd_TotalShareholderRtnAmt" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="ecd_TotalShareholderRtnAmt" xlink:to="ecd_TotalShareholderRtnAmt_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="ecd_TotalShareholderRtnAmt_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Total Shareholder Return Amount</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/ecd/2024/ecd-2024.xsd#ecd_PeerGroupTotalShareholderRtnAmt" xlink:label="ecd_PeerGroupTotalShareholderRtnAmt" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="ecd_PeerGroupTotalShareholderRtnAmt" xlink:to="ecd_PeerGroupTotalShareholderRtnAmt_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="ecd_PeerGroupTotalShareholderRtnAmt_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Peer Group Total Shareholder Return Amount</link:label>
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_NetIncomeLoss" xlink:to="us-gaap_NetIncomeLoss_3_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/verboseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_NetIncomeLoss_3_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Net Income (Loss)</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/ecd/2024/ecd-2024.xsd#ecd_CoSelectedMeasureAmt" xlink:label="ecd_CoSelectedMeasureAmt" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="ecd_CoSelectedMeasureAmt" xlink:to="ecd_CoSelectedMeasureAmt_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="ecd_CoSelectedMeasureAmt_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Company Selected Measure Amount</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/ecd/2024/ecd-2024.xsd#ecd_OtherPerfMeasureAmt" xlink:label="ecd_OtherPerfMeasureAmt" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="ecd_OtherPerfMeasureAmt" xlink:to="ecd_OtherPerfMeasureAmt_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="ecd_OtherPerfMeasureAmt_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Other Performance Measure, Amount</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/ecd/2024/ecd-2024.xsd#ecd_AdjToCompAmt" xlink:label="ecd_AdjToCompAmt" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="ecd_AdjToCompAmt" xlink:to="ecd_AdjToCompAmt_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="ecd_AdjToCompAmt_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Adjustment to Compensation, Amount</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/ecd/2024/ecd-2024.xsd#ecd_PeoName" xlink:label="ecd_PeoName" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="ecd_PeoName" xlink:to="ecd_PeoName_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="ecd_PeoName_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">PEO Name</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/ecd/2024/ecd-2024.xsd#ecd_MeasureName" xlink:label="ecd_MeasureName" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="ecd_MeasureName" xlink:to="ecd_MeasureName_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="ecd_MeasureName_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Name</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/ecd/2024/ecd-2024.xsd#ecd_NonGaapMeasureDescriptionTextBlock" xlink:label="ecd_NonGaapMeasureDescriptionTextBlock" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="ecd_NonGaapMeasureDescriptionTextBlock" xlink:to="ecd_NonGaapMeasureDescriptionTextBlock_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="ecd_NonGaapMeasureDescriptionTextBlock_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Non-GAAP Measure Description</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/ecd/2024/ecd-2024.xsd#ecd_Additional402vDisclosureTextBlock" xlink:label="ecd_Additional402vDisclosureTextBlock" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="ecd_Additional402vDisclosureTextBlock" xlink:to="ecd_Additional402vDisclosureTextBlock_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="ecd_Additional402vDisclosureTextBlock_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Additional 402(v) Disclosure</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/ecd/2024/ecd-2024.xsd#ecd_PnsnBnftsAdjFnTextBlock" xlink:label="ecd_PnsnBnftsAdjFnTextBlock" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="ecd_PnsnBnftsAdjFnTextBlock" xlink:to="ecd_PnsnBnftsAdjFnTextBlock_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="ecd_PnsnBnftsAdjFnTextBlock_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Pension Benefits Adjustments, Footnote</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/ecd/2024/ecd-2024.xsd#ecd_ErrCompRecoveryTable" xlink:label="ecd_ErrCompRecoveryTable" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="ecd_ErrCompRecoveryTable" xlink:to="ecd_ErrCompRecoveryTable_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="ecd_ErrCompRecoveryTable_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Erroneously Awarded Compensation Recovery [Table]</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/ecd/2024/ecd-2024.xsd#ecd_RestatementDateAxis" xlink:label="ecd_RestatementDateAxis" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="ecd_RestatementDateAxis" xlink:to="ecd_RestatementDateAxis_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="ecd_RestatementDateAxis_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Restatement Determination Date [Axis]</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/ecd/2024/ecd-2024.xsd#ecd_RestatementDeterminationDate" xlink:label="ecd_RestatementDeterminationDate" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="ecd_RestatementDeterminationDate" xlink:to="ecd_RestatementDeterminationDate_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="ecd_RestatementDeterminationDate_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Restatement Determination Date</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/ecd/2024/ecd-2024.xsd#ecd_AggtErrCompAmt" xlink:label="ecd_AggtErrCompAmt" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="ecd_AggtErrCompAmt" xlink:to="ecd_AggtErrCompAmt_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="ecd_AggtErrCompAmt_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Aggregate Erroneous Compensation Amount</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/ecd/2024/ecd-2024.xsd#ecd_ErrCompAnalysisTextBlock" xlink:label="ecd_ErrCompAnalysisTextBlock" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="ecd_ErrCompAnalysisTextBlock" xlink:to="ecd_ErrCompAnalysisTextBlock_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="ecd_ErrCompAnalysisTextBlock_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Erroneous Compensation Analysis</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/ecd/2024/ecd-2024.xsd#ecd_StkPrcOrTsrEstimationMethodTextBlock" xlink:label="ecd_StkPrcOrTsrEstimationMethodTextBlock" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="ecd_StkPrcOrTsrEstimationMethodTextBlock" xlink:to="ecd_StkPrcOrTsrEstimationMethodTextBlock_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="ecd_StkPrcOrTsrEstimationMethodTextBlock_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Stock Price or TSR Estimation Method</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/ecd/2024/ecd-2024.xsd#ecd_OutstandingAggtErrCompAmt" xlink:label="ecd_OutstandingAggtErrCompAmt" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="ecd_OutstandingAggtErrCompAmt" xlink:to="ecd_OutstandingAggtErrCompAmt_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="ecd_OutstandingAggtErrCompAmt_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Outstanding Aggregate Erroneous Compensation Amount</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/ecd/2024/ecd-2024.xsd#ecd_AggtErrCompNotYetDeterminedTextBlock" xlink:label="ecd_AggtErrCompNotYetDeterminedTextBlock" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="ecd_AggtErrCompNotYetDeterminedTextBlock" xlink:to="ecd_AggtErrCompNotYetDeterminedTextBlock_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="ecd_AggtErrCompNotYetDeterminedTextBlock_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Aggregate Erroneous Compensation Not Yet Determined</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/ecd/2024/ecd-2024.xsd#ecd_ForgoneRecoveryIndName" xlink:label="ecd_ForgoneRecoveryIndName" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="ecd_ForgoneRecoveryIndName" xlink:to="ecd_ForgoneRecoveryIndName_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/verboseLabel" xlink:label="ecd_ForgoneRecoveryIndName_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Name</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/ecd/2024/ecd-2024.xsd#ecd_ForgoneRecoveryDueToExpenseOfEnforcementAmt" xlink:label="ecd_ForgoneRecoveryDueToExpenseOfEnforcementAmt" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="ecd_ForgoneRecoveryDueToExpenseOfEnforcementAmt" xlink:to="ecd_ForgoneRecoveryDueToExpenseOfEnforcementAmt_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="ecd_ForgoneRecoveryDueToExpenseOfEnforcementAmt_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Forgone Recovery due to Expense of Enforcement, Amount</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/ecd/2024/ecd-2024.xsd#ecd_ForgoneRecoveryDueToViolationOfHomeCountryLawAmt" xlink:label="ecd_ForgoneRecoveryDueToViolationOfHomeCountryLawAmt" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="ecd_ForgoneRecoveryDueToViolationOfHomeCountryLawAmt" xlink:to="ecd_ForgoneRecoveryDueToViolationOfHomeCountryLawAmt_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="ecd_ForgoneRecoveryDueToViolationOfHomeCountryLawAmt_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Forgone Recovery due to Violation of Home Country Law, Amount</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/ecd/2024/ecd-2024.xsd#ecd_ForgoneRecoveryDueToDisqualificationOfTaxBenefitsAmt" xlink:label="ecd_ForgoneRecoveryDueToDisqualificationOfTaxBenefitsAmt" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="ecd_ForgoneRecoveryDueToDisqualificationOfTaxBenefitsAmt" xlink:to="ecd_ForgoneRecoveryDueToDisqualificationOfTaxBenefitsAmt_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="ecd_ForgoneRecoveryDueToDisqualificationOfTaxBenefitsAmt_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Forgone Recovery due to Disqualification of Tax Benefits, Amount</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/ecd/2024/ecd-2024.xsd#ecd_ForgoneRecoveryExplanationOfImpracticabilityTextBlock" xlink:label="ecd_ForgoneRecoveryExplanationOfImpracticabilityTextBlock" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="ecd_ForgoneRecoveryExplanationOfImpracticabilityTextBlock" xlink:to="ecd_ForgoneRecoveryExplanationOfImpracticabilityTextBlock_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="ecd_ForgoneRecoveryExplanationOfImpracticabilityTextBlock_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Forgone Recovery, Explanation of Impracticability</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/ecd/2024/ecd-2024.xsd#ecd_OutstandingRecoveryIndName" xlink:label="ecd_OutstandingRecoveryIndName" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="ecd_OutstandingRecoveryIndName" xlink:to="ecd_OutstandingRecoveryIndName_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/verboseLabel" xlink:label="ecd_OutstandingRecoveryIndName_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Name</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/ecd/2024/ecd-2024.xsd#ecd_OutstandingRecoveryCompAmt" xlink:label="ecd_OutstandingRecoveryCompAmt" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="ecd_OutstandingRecoveryCompAmt" xlink:to="ecd_OutstandingRecoveryCompAmt_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="ecd_OutstandingRecoveryCompAmt_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Compensation Amount</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/ecd/2024/ecd-2024.xsd#ecd_RestatementDoesNotRequireRecoveryTextBlock" xlink:label="ecd_RestatementDoesNotRequireRecoveryTextBlock" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="ecd_RestatementDoesNotRequireRecoveryTextBlock" xlink:to="ecd_RestatementDoesNotRequireRecoveryTextBlock_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="ecd_RestatementDoesNotRequireRecoveryTextBlock_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Restatement does not require Recovery</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/ecd/2024/ecd-2024.xsd#ecd_AwardsCloseToMnpiDiscTable" xlink:label="ecd_AwardsCloseToMnpiDiscTable" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="ecd_AwardsCloseToMnpiDiscTable" xlink:to="ecd_AwardsCloseToMnpiDiscTable_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="ecd_AwardsCloseToMnpiDiscTable_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Awards Close in Time to MNPI Disclosures [Table]</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/ecd/2024/ecd-2024.xsd#ecd_AwardTmgMnpiDiscTextBlock" xlink:label="ecd_AwardTmgMnpiDiscTextBlock" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="ecd_AwardTmgMnpiDiscTextBlock" xlink:to="ecd_AwardTmgMnpiDiscTextBlock_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="ecd_AwardTmgMnpiDiscTextBlock_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Award Timing MNPI Disclosure</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/ecd/2024/ecd-2024.xsd#ecd_AwardTmgMethodTextBlock" xlink:label="ecd_AwardTmgMethodTextBlock" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="ecd_AwardTmgMethodTextBlock" xlink:to="ecd_AwardTmgMethodTextBlock_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="ecd_AwardTmgMethodTextBlock_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Award Timing Method</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/ecd/2024/ecd-2024.xsd#ecd_AwardTmgPredtrmndFlag" xlink:label="ecd_AwardTmgPredtrmndFlag" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="ecd_AwardTmgPredtrmndFlag" xlink:to="ecd_AwardTmgPredtrmndFlag_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="ecd_AwardTmgPredtrmndFlag_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Award Timing Predetermined</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/ecd/2024/ecd-2024.xsd#ecd_AwardTmgMnpiCnsdrdFlag" xlink:label="ecd_AwardTmgMnpiCnsdrdFlag" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="ecd_AwardTmgMnpiCnsdrdFlag" xlink:to="ecd_AwardTmgMnpiCnsdrdFlag_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="ecd_AwardTmgMnpiCnsdrdFlag_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Award Timing MNPI Considered</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/ecd/2024/ecd-2024.xsd#ecd_AwardTmgHowMnpiCnsdrdTextBlock" xlink:label="ecd_AwardTmgHowMnpiCnsdrdTextBlock" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="ecd_AwardTmgHowMnpiCnsdrdTextBlock" xlink:to="ecd_AwardTmgHowMnpiCnsdrdTextBlock_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="ecd_AwardTmgHowMnpiCnsdrdTextBlock_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Award Timing, How MNPI Considered</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/ecd/2024/ecd-2024.xsd#ecd_MnpiDiscTimedForCompValFlag" xlink:label="ecd_MnpiDiscTimedForCompValFlag" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="ecd_MnpiDiscTimedForCompValFlag" xlink:to="ecd_MnpiDiscTimedForCompValFlag_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="ecd_MnpiDiscTimedForCompValFlag_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">MNPI Disclosure Timed for Compensation Value</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/ecd/2024/ecd-2024.xsd#ecd_AwardsCloseToMnpiDiscTableTextBlock" xlink:label="ecd_AwardsCloseToMnpiDiscTableTextBlock" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="ecd_AwardsCloseToMnpiDiscTableTextBlock" xlink:to="ecd_AwardsCloseToMnpiDiscTableTextBlock_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="ecd_AwardsCloseToMnpiDiscTableTextBlock_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Awards Close in Time to MNPI Disclosures, Table</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/ecd/2024/ecd-2024.xsd#ecd_AwardsCloseToMnpiDiscIndName" xlink:label="ecd_AwardsCloseToMnpiDiscIndName" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="ecd_AwardsCloseToMnpiDiscIndName" xlink:to="ecd_AwardsCloseToMnpiDiscIndName_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/verboseLabel" xlink:label="ecd_AwardsCloseToMnpiDiscIndName_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Name</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/ecd/2024/ecd-2024.xsd#ecd_AwardUndrlygSecuritiesAmt" xlink:label="ecd_AwardUndrlygSecuritiesAmt" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="ecd_AwardUndrlygSecuritiesAmt" xlink:to="ecd_AwardUndrlygSecuritiesAmt_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="ecd_AwardUndrlygSecuritiesAmt_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Underlying Securities</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/ecd/2024/ecd-2024.xsd#ecd_AwardExrcPrice" xlink:label="ecd_AwardExrcPrice" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="ecd_AwardExrcPrice" xlink:to="ecd_AwardExrcPrice_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="ecd_AwardExrcPrice_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Exercise Price</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/ecd/2024/ecd-2024.xsd#ecd_AwardGrantDateFairValue" xlink:label="ecd_AwardGrantDateFairValue" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="ecd_AwardGrantDateFairValue" xlink:to="ecd_AwardGrantDateFairValue_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="ecd_AwardGrantDateFairValue_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Fair Value as of Grant Date</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/ecd/2024/ecd-2024.xsd#ecd_UndrlygSecurityMktPriceChngPct" xlink:label="ecd_UndrlygSecurityMktPriceChngPct" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="ecd_UndrlygSecurityMktPriceChngPct" xlink:to="ecd_UndrlygSecurityMktPriceChngPct_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="ecd_UndrlygSecurityMktPriceChngPct_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Underlying Security Market Price Change</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/ecd/2024/ecd-2024.xsd#ecd_InsiderTradingArrLineItems" xlink:label="ecd_InsiderTradingArrLineItems" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="ecd_InsiderTradingArrLineItems" xlink:to="ecd_InsiderTradingArrLineItems_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="ecd_InsiderTradingArrLineItems_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Insider Trading Arrangements [Line Items]</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/ecd/2024/ecd-2024.xsd#ecd_MtrlTermsOfTrdArrTextBlock" xlink:label="ecd_MtrlTermsOfTrdArrTextBlock" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="ecd_MtrlTermsOfTrdArrTextBlock" xlink:to="ecd_MtrlTermsOfTrdArrTextBlock_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="ecd_MtrlTermsOfTrdArrTextBlock_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Material Terms of Trading Arrangement</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/ecd/2024/ecd-2024.xsd#ecd_TrdArrIndName" xlink:label="ecd_TrdArrIndName" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="ecd_TrdArrIndName" xlink:to="ecd_TrdArrIndName_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/verboseLabel" xlink:label="ecd_TrdArrIndName_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Name</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/ecd/2024/ecd-2024.xsd#ecd_TrdArrIndTitle" xlink:label="ecd_TrdArrIndTitle" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="ecd_TrdArrIndTitle" xlink:to="ecd_TrdArrIndTitle_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="ecd_TrdArrIndTitle_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Title</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/ecd/2024/ecd-2024.xsd#ecd_Rule10b51ArrAdoptedFlag" xlink:label="ecd_Rule10b51ArrAdoptedFlag" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="ecd_Rule10b51ArrAdoptedFlag" xlink:to="ecd_Rule10b51ArrAdoptedFlag_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="ecd_Rule10b51ArrAdoptedFlag_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Rule 10b5-1 Arrangement Adopted</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/ecd/2024/ecd-2024.xsd#ecd_NonRule10b51ArrAdoptedFlag" xlink:label="ecd_NonRule10b51ArrAdoptedFlag" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="ecd_NonRule10b51ArrAdoptedFlag" xlink:to="ecd_NonRule10b51ArrAdoptedFlag_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
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      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="ecd_NonRule10b51ArrTrmntdFlag" xlink:to="ecd_NonRule10b51ArrTrmntdFlag_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
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      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="ecd_TrdArrTerminationDate_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Termination Date</link:label>
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      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="ecd_TrdArrExpirationDate" xlink:to="ecd_TrdArrExpirationDate_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="ecd_TrdArrExpirationDate_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Expiration Date</link:label>
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      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="cyd_CybersecurityRiskManagementStrategyAndGovernanceAbstract" xlink:to="cyd_CybersecurityRiskManagementStrategyAndGovernanceAbstract_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
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      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/cyd/2024/cyd-2024.xsd#cyd_CybersecurityRiskManagementProcessesForAssessingIdentifyingAndManagingThreatsTextBlock" xlink:label="cyd_CybersecurityRiskManagementProcessesForAssessingIdentifyingAndManagingThreatsTextBlock" />
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      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="cyd_CybersecurityRiskManagementProcessesIntegratedTextBlock_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Cybersecurity Risk Management Processes Integrated [Text Block]</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/cyd/2024/cyd-2024.xsd#cyd_CybersecurityRiskManagementThirdPartyEngagedFlag" xlink:label="cyd_CybersecurityRiskManagementThirdPartyEngagedFlag" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="cyd_CybersecurityRiskManagementThirdPartyEngagedFlag" xlink:to="cyd_CybersecurityRiskManagementThirdPartyEngagedFlag_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="cyd_CybersecurityRiskManagementThirdPartyEngagedFlag_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Cybersecurity Risk Management Third Party Engaged [Flag]</link:label>
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      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/cyd/2024/cyd-2024.xsd#cyd_CybersecurityRiskMateriallyAffectedOrReasonablyLikelyToMateriallyAffectRegistrantFlag" xlink:label="cyd_CybersecurityRiskMateriallyAffectedOrReasonablyLikelyToMateriallyAffectRegistrantFlag" />
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      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/cyd/2024/cyd-2024.xsd#cyd_CybersecurityRiskMateriallyAffectedOrReasonablyLikelyToMateriallyAffectRegistrantTextBlock" xlink:label="cyd_CybersecurityRiskMateriallyAffectedOrReasonablyLikelyToMateriallyAffectRegistrantTextBlock" />
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      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="cyd_CybersecurityRiskMateriallyAffectedOrReasonablyLikelyToMateriallyAffectRegistrantTextBlock_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Cybersecurity Risk Materially Affected or Reasonably Likely to Materially Affect Registrant [Text Block]</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/cyd/2024/cyd-2024.xsd#cyd_CybersecurityRiskBoardOfDirectorsOversightTextBlock" xlink:label="cyd_CybersecurityRiskBoardOfDirectorsOversightTextBlock" />
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      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="cyd_CybersecurityRiskBoardOfDirectorsOversightTextBlock_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Cybersecurity Risk Board of Directors Oversight [Text Block]</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/cyd/2024/cyd-2024.xsd#cyd_CybersecurityRiskBoardCommitteeOrSubcommitteeResponsibleForOversightTextBlock" xlink:label="cyd_CybersecurityRiskBoardCommitteeOrSubcommitteeResponsibleForOversightTextBlock" />
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      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="cyd_CybersecurityRiskBoardCommitteeOrSubcommitteeResponsibleForOversightTextBlock_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Cybersecurity Risk Board Committee or Subcommittee Responsible for Oversight [Text Block]</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/cyd/2024/cyd-2024.xsd#cyd_CybersecurityRiskProcessForInformingBoardCommitteeOrSubcommitteeResponsibleForOversightTextBlock" xlink:label="cyd_CybersecurityRiskProcessForInformingBoardCommitteeOrSubcommitteeResponsibleForOversightTextBlock" />
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      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="cyd_CybersecurityRiskProcessForInformingBoardCommitteeOrSubcommitteeResponsibleForOversightTextBlock_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Cybersecurity Risk Process for Informing Board Committee or Subcommittee Responsible for Oversight [Text Block]</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/cyd/2024/cyd-2024.xsd#cyd_CybersecurityRiskRoleOfManagementTextBlock" xlink:label="cyd_CybersecurityRiskRoleOfManagementTextBlock" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="cyd_CybersecurityRiskRoleOfManagementTextBlock" xlink:to="cyd_CybersecurityRiskRoleOfManagementTextBlock_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="cyd_CybersecurityRiskRoleOfManagementTextBlock_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Cybersecurity Risk Role of Management [Text Block]</link:label>
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      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="cyd_CybersecurityRiskManagementPositionsOrCommitteesResponsibleFlag" xlink:to="cyd_CybersecurityRiskManagementPositionsOrCommitteesResponsibleFlag_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="cyd_CybersecurityRiskManagementPositionsOrCommitteesResponsibleFlag_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Cybersecurity Risk Management Positions or Committees Responsible [Flag]</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/cyd/2024/cyd-2024.xsd#cyd_CybersecurityRiskManagementPositionsOrCommitteesResponsibleTextBlock" xlink:label="cyd_CybersecurityRiskManagementPositionsOrCommitteesResponsibleTextBlock" />
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      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="cyd_CybersecurityRiskManagementPositionsOrCommitteesResponsibleTextBlock_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Cybersecurity Risk Management Positions or Committees Responsible [Text Block]</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/cyd/2024/cyd-2024.xsd#cyd_CybersecurityRiskManagementPositionsOrCommitteesResponsibleReportToBoardFlag" xlink:label="cyd_CybersecurityRiskManagementPositionsOrCommitteesResponsibleReportToBoardFlag" />
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      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="cyd_CybersecurityRiskManagementPositionsOrCommitteesResponsibleReportToBoardFlag_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Cybersecurity Risk Management Positions or Committees Responsible Report to Board [Flag]</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/cyd/2024/cyd-2024.xsd#cyd_MaterialCybersecurityIncidentAbstract" xlink:label="cyd_MaterialCybersecurityIncidentAbstract" />
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      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="cyd_MaterialCybersecurityIncidentAbstract_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Material Cybersecurity Incident [Abstract]</link:label>
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      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentPolicyTextBlock_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Property and Equipment</link:label>
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      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_CashAndCashEquivalentsRestrictedCashAndCashEquivalentsPolicy" xlink:label="us-gaap_CashAndCashEquivalentsRestrictedCashAndCashEquivalentsPolicy" />
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      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_RevenueFromContractWithCustomerPolicyTextBlock_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Deferred Revenue</link:label>
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      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_CompensationRelatedCostsPolicyTextBlock" xlink:to="us-gaap_CompensationRelatedCostsPolicyTextBlock_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_CompensationRelatedCostsPolicyTextBlock_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Stock-Based Compensation</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_FairValueOfFinancialInstrumentsPolicy" xlink:label="us-gaap_FairValueOfFinancialInstrumentsPolicy" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_FairValueOfFinancialInstrumentsPolicy" xlink:to="us-gaap_FairValueOfFinancialInstrumentsPolicy_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_FairValueOfFinancialInstrumentsPolicy_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Fair Value of Financial Instruments</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_NewAccountingPronouncementsPolicyPolicyTextBlock" xlink:label="us-gaap_NewAccountingPronouncementsPolicyPolicyTextBlock" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_NewAccountingPronouncementsPolicyPolicyTextBlock" xlink:to="us-gaap_NewAccountingPronouncementsPolicyPolicyTextBlock_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_NewAccountingPronouncementsPolicyPolicyTextBlock_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">New Accounting Standards</link:label>
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      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_ScheduleOfAccountsPayableAndAccruedLiabilitiesTableTextBlock_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Schedule Of Accounts and Other Payables</link:label>
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      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_ScheduleOfShortTermDebtTextBlock_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">SCHEDULE OF SHORT-TERM DEBT</link:label>
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      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_ScheduleOfDebtInstrumentsTextBlock" xlink:to="us-gaap_ScheduleOfDebtInstrumentsTextBlock_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_ScheduleOfDebtInstrumentsTextBlock_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">SCHEDULE OF LONG-TERM DEBT</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/srt/2024/elts/srt-2024.xsd#srt_ContractualObligationFiscalYearMaturityScheduleTableTextBlock" xlink:label="srt_ContractualObligationFiscalYearMaturityScheduleTableTextBlock" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="srt_ContractualObligationFiscalYearMaturityScheduleTableTextBlock" xlink:to="srt_ContractualObligationFiscalYearMaturityScheduleTableTextBlock_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="srt_ContractualObligationFiscalYearMaturityScheduleTableTextBlock_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">SCHEDULE OF MINIMUM PAYMENT OF LONG TERM DEBT</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_DisclosureOfShareBasedCompensationArrangementsByShareBasedPaymentAwardTextBlock" xlink:label="us-gaap_DisclosureOfShareBasedCompensationArrangementsByShareBasedPaymentAwardTextBlock" />
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      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_DisclosureOfShareBasedCompensationArrangementsByShareBasedPaymentAwardTextBlock_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">SCHEDULE OF STOCK OPTION TRANSACTIONS</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_ScheduleOfShareBasedCompensationSharesAuthorizedUnderStockOptionPlansByExercisePriceRangeTextBlock" xlink:label="us-gaap_ScheduleOfShareBasedCompensationSharesAuthorizedUnderStockOptionPlansByExercisePriceRangeTextBlock" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_ScheduleOfShareBasedCompensationSharesAuthorizedUnderStockOptionPlansByExercisePriceRangeTextBlock" xlink:to="us-gaap_ScheduleOfShareBasedCompensationSharesAuthorizedUnderStockOptionPlansByExercisePriceRangeTextBlock_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_ScheduleOfShareBasedCompensationSharesAuthorizedUnderStockOptionPlansByExercisePriceRangeTextBlock_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">SCHEDULE OF STOCK OPTION OUTSTANDING AND EXERCISABLE AND EXERCISABLE EXERCISE PRICE RANGE</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_ScheduleOfStockholdersEquityNoteWarrantsOrRightsTextBlock" xlink:label="us-gaap_ScheduleOfStockholdersEquityNoteWarrantsOrRightsTextBlock" />
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      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_ScheduleOfStockholdersEquityNoteWarrantsOrRightsTextBlock_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">SCHEDULE OF WARRANT TRANSACTIONS</link:label>
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      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_ScheduleOfEarningsPerShareBasicAndDilutedTableTextBlock" xlink:label="us-gaap_ScheduleOfEarningsPerShareBasicAndDilutedTableTextBlock" />
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      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="IVDA_ChangeInRevenuePercentage_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Change in sales, percentage</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_ScheduleOfProductInformationTable" xlink:label="us-gaap_ScheduleOfProductInformationTable" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_ScheduleOfProductInformationTable" xlink:to="us-gaap_ScheduleOfProductInformationTable_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_ScheduleOfProductInformationTable_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Nature of Operation, Product Information, Concentration of Risk [Table]</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_ProductInformationLineItems" xlink:label="us-gaap_ProductInformationLineItems" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_ProductInformationLineItems" xlink:to="us-gaap_ProductInformationLineItems_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_ProductInformationLineItems_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Product Information [Line Items]</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_Cash" xlink:label="us-gaap_Cash" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_Cash" xlink:to="us-gaap_Cash_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_Cash_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Cash on hand</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_CashFDICInsuredAmount" xlink:label="us-gaap_CashFDICInsuredAmount" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_CashFDICInsuredAmount" xlink:to="us-gaap_CashFDICInsuredAmount_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_CashFDICInsuredAmount_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Cash, FDIC Insured Amount</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="ivda-20241231.xsd#IVDA_ConcentrationRiskPercentage" xlink:label="IVDA_ConcentrationRiskPercentage" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="IVDA_ConcentrationRiskPercentage" xlink:to="IVDA_ConcentrationRiskPercentage_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="IVDA_ConcentrationRiskPercentage_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Percentage of concentration risk</link:label>
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_CashAndCashEquivalentsAtCarryingValue" xlink:to="us-gaap_CashAndCashEquivalentsAtCarryingValue_2_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/verboseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_CashAndCashEquivalentsAtCarryingValue_2_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Cash and cash equivalents at carrying value</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_InventoryValuationReserves" xlink:label="us-gaap_InventoryValuationReserves" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_InventoryValuationReserves" xlink:to="us-gaap_InventoryValuationReserves_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_InventoryValuationReserves_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Inventory Valuation Reserves</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentUsefulLife" xlink:label="us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentUsefulLife" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentUsefulLife" xlink:to="us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentUsefulLife_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentUsefulLife_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Property and equipment useful life</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_Depreciation" xlink:label="us-gaap_Depreciation" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_Depreciation" xlink:to="us-gaap_Depreciation_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_Depreciation_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Depreciation expense</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_Investments" xlink:label="us-gaap_Investments" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_Investments" xlink:to="us-gaap_Investments_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_Investments_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Investments</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_EquityMethodInvestmentOwnershipPercentage" xlink:label="us-gaap_EquityMethodInvestmentOwnershipPercentage" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_EquityMethodInvestmentOwnershipPercentage" xlink:to="us-gaap_EquityMethodInvestmentOwnershipPercentage_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_EquityMethodInvestmentOwnershipPercentage_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Equity method investment ownership percentage</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="ivda-20241231.xsd#IVDA_EquityMethodInvestmentImpairmentCharge" xlink:label="IVDA_EquityMethodInvestmentImpairmentCharge" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="IVDA_EquityMethodInvestmentImpairmentCharge" xlink:to="IVDA_EquityMethodInvestmentImpairmentCharge_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="IVDA_EquityMethodInvestmentImpairmentCharge_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Equity method investment impairment charge</link:label>
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensation" xlink:to="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensation_2_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensation_2_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Stock option compensation</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_AccountsPayableCurrent" xlink:label="us-gaap_AccountsPayableCurrent" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_AccountsPayableCurrent" xlink:to="us-gaap_AccountsPayableCurrent_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_AccountsPayableCurrent_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Accounts Payable</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_OtherAccruedLiabilitiesCurrent" xlink:label="us-gaap_OtherAccruedLiabilitiesCurrent" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_OtherAccruedLiabilitiesCurrent" xlink:to="us-gaap_OtherAccruedLiabilitiesCurrent_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_OtherAccruedLiabilitiesCurrent_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Accrued Expenses</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="ivda-20241231.xsd#IVDA_DeferredRevenueAndCustomerDepositsCurrent" xlink:label="IVDA_DeferredRevenueAndCustomerDepositsCurrent" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="IVDA_DeferredRevenueAndCustomerDepositsCurrent" xlink:to="IVDA_DeferredRevenueAndCustomerDepositsCurrent_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="IVDA_DeferredRevenueAndCustomerDepositsCurrent_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Deferred Revenue and Customer Deposits</link:label>
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_AccountsPayableAndOtherAccruedLiabilitiesCurrent" xlink:to="us-gaap_AccountsPayableAndOtherAccruedLiabilitiesCurrent_2_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/totalLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_AccountsPayableAndOtherAccruedLiabilitiesCurrent_2_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Accounts and Other Payables</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_DebtInstrumentTable" xlink:label="us-gaap_DebtInstrumentTable" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_DebtInstrumentTable" xlink:to="us-gaap_DebtInstrumentTable_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_DebtInstrumentTable_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Schedule of Long-Term Debt Instruments [Table]</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_DebtInstrumentLineItems" xlink:label="us-gaap_DebtInstrumentLineItems" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_DebtInstrumentLineItems" xlink:to="us-gaap_DebtInstrumentLineItems_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_DebtInstrumentLineItems_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Debt Instrument [Line Items]</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_DebtInstrumentInterestRateDuringPeriod" xlink:label="us-gaap_DebtInstrumentInterestRateDuringPeriod" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_DebtInstrumentInterestRateDuringPeriod" xlink:to="us-gaap_DebtInstrumentInterestRateDuringPeriod_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_DebtInstrumentInterestRateDuringPeriod_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Interest rate</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_DebtInstrumentMaturityDateDescription" xlink:label="us-gaap_DebtInstrumentMaturityDateDescription" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_DebtInstrumentMaturityDateDescription" xlink:to="us-gaap_DebtInstrumentMaturityDateDescription_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_DebtInstrumentMaturityDateDescription_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Debt instrument, maturity date</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_ScheduleOfDefinedBenefitPlansDisclosuresTable" xlink:label="us-gaap_ScheduleOfDefinedBenefitPlansDisclosuresTable" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_ScheduleOfDefinedBenefitPlansDisclosuresTable" xlink:to="us-gaap_ScheduleOfDefinedBenefitPlansDisclosuresTable_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_ScheduleOfDefinedBenefitPlansDisclosuresTable_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Defined Benefit Plan [Table]</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_DefinedBenefitPlanDisclosureLineItems" xlink:label="us-gaap_DefinedBenefitPlanDisclosureLineItems" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_DefinedBenefitPlanDisclosureLineItems" xlink:to="us-gaap_DefinedBenefitPlanDisclosureLineItems_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_DefinedBenefitPlanDisclosureLineItems_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]</link:label>
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_ShortTermBorrowings" xlink:to="us-gaap_ShortTermBorrowings_2_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/verboseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_ShortTermBorrowings_2_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Short term debt</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_LineOfCreditFacilityTable" xlink:label="us-gaap_LineOfCreditFacilityTable" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_LineOfCreditFacilityTable" xlink:to="us-gaap_LineOfCreditFacilityTable_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_LineOfCreditFacilityTable_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Line of Credit Facility [Table]</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_LineOfCreditFacilityLineItems" xlink:label="us-gaap_LineOfCreditFacilityLineItems" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_LineOfCreditFacilityLineItems" xlink:to="us-gaap_LineOfCreditFacilityLineItems_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_LineOfCreditFacilityLineItems_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Line of Credit Facility [Line Items]</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_DebtInstrumentInterestRateEffectivePercentage" xlink:label="us-gaap_DebtInstrumentInterestRateEffectivePercentage" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_DebtInstrumentInterestRateEffectivePercentage" xlink:to="us-gaap_DebtInstrumentInterestRateEffectivePercentage_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_DebtInstrumentInterestRateEffectivePercentage_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Debt interest rate</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="ivda-20241231.xsd#IVDA_LongTermDebtInstrumentMaturityDateDescription" xlink:label="IVDA_LongTermDebtInstrumentMaturityDateDescription" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="IVDA_LongTermDebtInstrumentMaturityDateDescription" xlink:to="IVDA_LongTermDebtInstrumentMaturityDateDescription_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="IVDA_LongTermDebtInstrumentMaturityDateDescription_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Maturity date description</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_LineOfCreditFacilityMaximumBorrowingCapacity" xlink:label="us-gaap_LineOfCreditFacilityMaximumBorrowingCapacity" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_LineOfCreditFacilityMaximumBorrowingCapacity" xlink:to="us-gaap_LineOfCreditFacilityMaximumBorrowingCapacity_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_LineOfCreditFacilityMaximumBorrowingCapacity_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Line of credit facility maximum borrowing capacity</link:label>
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_LongTermDebt" xlink:to="us-gaap_LongTermDebt_2_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/verboseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_LongTermDebt_2_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Long term debt</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_DebtInstrumentTerm" xlink:label="us-gaap_DebtInstrumentTerm" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_DebtInstrumentTerm" xlink:to="us-gaap_DebtInstrumentTerm_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_DebtInstrumentTerm_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Debt Instrument, Term</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="ivda-20241231.xsd#IVDA_LoanSecuritzedByGovernmentGuaranteePercentage" xlink:label="IVDA_LoanSecuritzedByGovernmentGuaranteePercentage" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="IVDA_LoanSecuritzedByGovernmentGuaranteePercentage" xlink:to="IVDA_LoanSecuritzedByGovernmentGuaranteePercentage_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="IVDA_LoanSecuritzedByGovernmentGuaranteePercentage_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Loan securitzed by government guarantee percentage</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="ivda-20241231.xsd#IVDA_SecurityDepositPercentage" xlink:label="IVDA_SecurityDepositPercentage" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="IVDA_SecurityDepositPercentage" xlink:to="IVDA_SecurityDepositPercentage_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="IVDA_SecurityDepositPercentage_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Security deposit percentage</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_LoansPayableCurrent" xlink:label="us-gaap_LoansPayableCurrent" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_LoansPayableCurrent" xlink:to="us-gaap_LoansPayableCurrent_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_LoansPayableCurrent_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Loans</link:label>
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_LongTermDebtCurrent" xlink:to="us-gaap_LongTermDebtCurrent_2_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/negatedLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_LongTermDebtCurrent_2_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Current portion of long term debt</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_LongTermDebtMaturitiesRepaymentsOfPrincipalInNextTwelveMonths" xlink:label="us-gaap_LongTermDebtMaturitiesRepaymentsOfPrincipalInNextTwelveMonths" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_LongTermDebtMaturitiesRepaymentsOfPrincipalInNextTwelveMonths" xlink:to="us-gaap_LongTermDebtMaturitiesRepaymentsOfPrincipalInNextTwelveMonths_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
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      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_LongTermDebtMaturitiesRepaymentsOfPrincipalInYearTwo_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">2026</link:label>
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      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_LongTermDebtMaturitiesRepaymentsOfPrincipalInYearThree_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">2027</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_LongTermDebtMaturitiesRepaymentsOfPrincipalInYearFour" xlink:label="us-gaap_LongTermDebtMaturitiesRepaymentsOfPrincipalInYearFour" />
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      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_LongTermDebtMaturitiesRepaymentsOfPrincipalInYearFour_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">2028</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="ivda-20241231.xsd#IVDA_LongTermDebtMaturitiesRepaymentsOfPrincipalAfterYearFour" xlink:label="IVDA_LongTermDebtMaturitiesRepaymentsOfPrincipalAfterYearFour" />
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      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_ClassOfStockLineItems_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Class of Stock [Line Items]</link:label>
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      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/verboseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_PreferredStockParOrStatedValuePerShare_2_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Preferred stock, par value</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_AccumulatedOtherComprehensiveIncomeLossTable" xlink:label="us-gaap_AccumulatedOtherComprehensiveIncomeLossTable" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_AccumulatedOtherComprehensiveIncomeLossTable" xlink:to="us-gaap_AccumulatedOtherComprehensiveIncomeLossTable_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_AccumulatedOtherComprehensiveIncomeLossTable_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) [Table]</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_AccumulatedOtherComprehensiveIncomeLossLineItems" xlink:label="us-gaap_AccumulatedOtherComprehensiveIncomeLossLineItems" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_AccumulatedOtherComprehensiveIncomeLossLineItems" xlink:to="us-gaap_AccumulatedOtherComprehensiveIncomeLossLineItems_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_AccumulatedOtherComprehensiveIncomeLossLineItems_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) [Line Items]</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesOther" xlink:label="us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesOther" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesOther" xlink:to="us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesOther_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesOther_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">New shares issued</link:label>
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      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_SharesIssuedPricePerShare" xlink:to="us-gaap_SharesIssuedPricePerShare_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_SharesIssuedPricePerShare_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Offering prices</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_ClassOfWarrantOrRightNumberOfSecuritiesCalledByWarrantsOrRights" xlink:label="us-gaap_ClassOfWarrantOrRightNumberOfSecuritiesCalledByWarrantsOrRights" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_ClassOfWarrantOrRightNumberOfSecuritiesCalledByWarrantsOrRights" xlink:to="us-gaap_ClassOfWarrantOrRightNumberOfSecuritiesCalledByWarrantsOrRights_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_ClassOfWarrantOrRightNumberOfSecuritiesCalledByWarrantsOrRights_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Number of warrants issued</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_ClassOfWarrantOrRightExercisePriceOfWarrantsOrRights1" xlink:label="us-gaap_ClassOfWarrantOrRightExercisePriceOfWarrantsOrRights1" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_ClassOfWarrantOrRightExercisePriceOfWarrantsOrRights1" xlink:to="us-gaap_ClassOfWarrantOrRightExercisePriceOfWarrantsOrRights1_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_ClassOfWarrantOrRightExercisePriceOfWarrantsOrRights1_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Exercise price</link:label>
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesNewIssues" xlink:to="us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesNewIssues_2_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/verboseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesNewIssues_2_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Stock issued during period shares new issues</link:label>
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_ProceedsFromIssuanceOfCommonStock" xlink:to="us-gaap_ProceedsFromIssuanceOfCommonStock_2_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/verboseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_ProceedsFromIssuanceOfCommonStock_2_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Net proceeds of direct offering</link:label>
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      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_WarrantsAndRightsOutstandingTerm_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Warrants and Rights Outstanding, Term</link:label>
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesIssuedForServices" xlink:to="us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesIssuedForServices_2_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/verboseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesIssuedForServices_2_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Common stock with a fair shares</link:label>
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodValueIssuedForServices" xlink:to="us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodValueIssuedForServices_2_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/verboseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodValueIssuedForServices_2_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Common stock with a fair value</link:label>
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      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/periodStartLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingNumber_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Shares, Outstanding at Beginning of Year</link:label>
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      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/periodStartLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingWeightedAverageExercisePrice_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Weighted-Average Exercise Price, Outstanding at Beginning of Year</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsGrantsInPeriod" xlink:label="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsGrantsInPeriod" />
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      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsGrantsInPeriod_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Shares, Granted</link:label>
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      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementsByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsGrantsInPeriodWeightedAverageExercisePrice_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Weighted-Average Exercise Price, Granted</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesStockOptionsExercised" xlink:label="us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesStockOptionsExercised" />
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      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementsByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsForfeituresInPeriodWeightedAverageExercisePrice_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Weighted-Average Exercise Price, Forfeited or Canceled</link:label>
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      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/periodEndLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingNumber_2_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Shares, Outstanding at End of Year</link:label>
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      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingNumber_3_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Options outstanding</link:label>
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      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesNewIssues_3_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Share issuable</link:label>
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      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_EmployeeServiceShareBasedCompensationNonvestedAwardsTotalCompensationCostNotYetRecognized_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Unrecognized stock- based compensation</link:label>
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      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsGrantsInPeriodWeightedAverageGrantDateFairValue_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Fair value</link:label>
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      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="IVDA_StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesStockWarrantsToAcquire" xlink:to="IVDA_StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesStockWarrantsToAcquire_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="IVDA_StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesStockWarrantsToAcquire_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Acquire shares</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_ProceedsFromIssuanceOfWarrants" xlink:label="us-gaap_ProceedsFromIssuanceOfWarrants" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_ProceedsFromIssuanceOfWarrants" xlink:to="us-gaap_ProceedsFromIssuanceOfWarrants_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_ProceedsFromIssuanceOfWarrants_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Net proceeds</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_EffectiveIncomeTaxRateReconciliationAtFederalStatutoryIncomeTaxRate" xlink:label="us-gaap_EffectiveIncomeTaxRateReconciliationAtFederalStatutoryIncomeTaxRate" />
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      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/negatedLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_EffectiveIncomeTaxRateReconciliationAtFederalStatutoryIncomeTaxRate_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Income tax benefit at federal statutory rate</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_EffectiveIncomeTaxRateReconciliationStateAndLocalIncomeTaxes" xlink:label="us-gaap_EffectiveIncomeTaxRateReconciliationStateAndLocalIncomeTaxes" />
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      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_EffectiveIncomeTaxRateReconciliationStateAndLocalIncomeTaxes_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">State income tax benefit, net of federal benefit</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_EffectiveIncomeTaxRateReconciliationChangeInDeferredTaxAssetsValuationAllowance" xlink:label="us-gaap_EffectiveIncomeTaxRateReconciliationChangeInDeferredTaxAssetsValuationAllowance" />
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      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_EffectiveIncomeTaxRateReconciliationChangeInDeferredTaxAssetsValuationAllowance_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Change in valuation allowance</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_EffectiveIncomeTaxRateContinuingOperations" xlink:label="us-gaap_EffectiveIncomeTaxRateContinuingOperations" />
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      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_EffectiveIncomeTaxRateContinuingOperations_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Income taxes at effective rate</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_DeferredTaxAssetsOperatingLossCarryforwardsDomestic" xlink:label="us-gaap_DeferredTaxAssetsOperatingLossCarryforwardsDomestic" />
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      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="ivda-20241231.xsd#IVDA_UnamortizedResearchAndDevelopmentCosts" xlink:label="IVDA_UnamortizedResearchAndDevelopmentCosts" />
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      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_DeferredTaxAssetsValuationAllowance" xlink:label="us-gaap_DeferredTaxAssetsValuationAllowance" />
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      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_DeferredTaxAssetsLiabilitiesNet" xlink:label="us-gaap_DeferredTaxAssetsLiabilitiesNet" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_DeferredTaxAssetsLiabilitiesNet" xlink:to="us-gaap_DeferredTaxAssetsLiabilitiesNet_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/totalLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_DeferredTaxAssetsLiabilitiesNet_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Deferred Tax Assets, Net</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_EffectiveIncomeTaxRateReconciliationTable" xlink:label="us-gaap_EffectiveIncomeTaxRateReconciliationTable" />
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      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_EffectiveIncomeTaxRateReconciliationLineItems" xlink:label="us-gaap_EffectiveIncomeTaxRateReconciliationLineItems" />
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      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_OperatingLossCarryforwards" xlink:label="us-gaap_OperatingLossCarryforwards" />
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      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_EarningsPerShareBasicAbstract" xlink:label="us-gaap_EarningsPerShareBasicAbstract" />
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      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_EarningsPerShareBasicAbstract_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Basic EPS</link:label>
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      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/verboseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_ProfitLoss_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Net Loss</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="ivda-20241231.xsd#IVDA_WeightedAverageSharesOutstandingBasic" xlink:label="IVDA_WeightedAverageSharesOutstandingBasic" />
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      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/verboseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_EarningsPerShareBasic_2_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Basic Loss Per Share</link:label>
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      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_ConcentrationRiskCreditRiskFinancialInstrumentMaximumExposure_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Concentration Risk, Credit Risk, Financial Instrument, Maximum Exposure</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_ScheduleOfRevenuesFromExternalCustomersAndLongLivedAssetsTable" xlink:label="us-gaap_ScheduleOfRevenuesFromExternalCustomersAndLongLivedAssetsTable" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_ScheduleOfRevenuesFromExternalCustomersAndLongLivedAssetsTable" xlink:to="us-gaap_ScheduleOfRevenuesFromExternalCustomersAndLongLivedAssetsTable_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_ScheduleOfRevenuesFromExternalCustomersAndLongLivedAssetsTable_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Schedule of Revenues from External Customers and Long-Lived Assets [Table]</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_RevenuesFromExternalCustomersAndLongLivedAssetsLineItems" xlink:label="us-gaap_RevenuesFromExternalCustomersAndLongLivedAssetsLineItems" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_RevenuesFromExternalCustomersAndLongLivedAssetsLineItems" xlink:to="us-gaap_RevenuesFromExternalCustomersAndLongLivedAssetsLineItems_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_RevenuesFromExternalCustomersAndLongLivedAssetsLineItems_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Revenues from External Customers and Long-Lived Assets [Line Items]</link:label>
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_RevenueFromContractWithCustomerExcludingAssessedTax" xlink:to="us-gaap_RevenueFromContractWithCustomerExcludingAssessedTax_3_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_RevenueFromContractWithCustomerExcludingAssessedTax_3_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Revenues</link:label>
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_CostOfRevenue" xlink:to="us-gaap_CostOfRevenue_2_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/verboseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_CostOfRevenue_2_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Cost of Goods Sold</link:label>
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_GrossProfit" xlink:to="us-gaap_GrossProfit_2_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_GrossProfit_2_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Gross Profit</link:label>
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_OperatingExpensesAbstract" xlink:to="us-gaap_OperatingExpensesAbstract_2_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/verboseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_OperatingExpensesAbstract_2_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Operating Expenses</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="ivda-20241231.xsd#IVDA_SalariesAndPayrollExpenses" xlink:label="IVDA_SalariesAndPayrollExpenses" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="IVDA_SalariesAndPayrollExpenses" xlink:to="IVDA_SalariesAndPayrollExpenses_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="IVDA_SalariesAndPayrollExpenses_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Salaries and Payroll Expenses</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="ivda-20241231.xsd#IVDA_Pension" xlink:label="IVDA_Pension" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="IVDA_Pension" xlink:to="IVDA_Pension_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="IVDA_Pension_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Pension</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_TravelAndEntertainmentExpense" xlink:label="us-gaap_TravelAndEntertainmentExpense" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_TravelAndEntertainmentExpense" xlink:to="us-gaap_TravelAndEntertainmentExpense_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_TravelAndEntertainmentExpense_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Travel and Entertainment</link:label>
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensation" xlink:to="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensation_3_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensation_3_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Stock-based compensation</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_MarketingExpense" xlink:label="us-gaap_MarketingExpense" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_MarketingExpense" xlink:to="us-gaap_MarketingExpense_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_MarketingExpense_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Marketing</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="ivda-20241231.xsd#IVDA_PublicCompanyExpenses" xlink:label="IVDA_PublicCompanyExpenses" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="IVDA_PublicCompanyExpenses" xlink:to="IVDA_PublicCompanyExpenses_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="IVDA_PublicCompanyExpenses_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Public Company expenses</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="ivda-20241231.xsd#IVDA_AuditAndAccounting" xlink:label="IVDA_AuditAndAccounting" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="IVDA_AuditAndAccounting" xlink:to="IVDA_AuditAndAccounting_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="IVDA_AuditAndAccounting_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Audit and Accounting</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="ivda-20241231.xsd#IVDA_ConsultingServices" xlink:label="IVDA_ConsultingServices" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="IVDA_ConsultingServices" xlink:to="IVDA_ConsultingServices_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="IVDA_ConsultingServices_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Consulting Services</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="ivda-20241231.xsd#IVDA_SoftwareSubscription" xlink:label="IVDA_SoftwareSubscription" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="IVDA_SoftwareSubscription" xlink:to="IVDA_SoftwareSubscription_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="IVDA_SoftwareSubscription_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Software Subscription</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_GeneralInsuranceExpense" xlink:label="us-gaap_GeneralInsuranceExpense" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_GeneralInsuranceExpense" xlink:to="us-gaap_GeneralInsuranceExpense_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_GeneralInsuranceExpense_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Insurance</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="ivda-20241231.xsd#IVDA_RentExpenses" xlink:label="IVDA_RentExpenses" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="IVDA_RentExpenses" xlink:to="IVDA_RentExpenses_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="IVDA_RentExpenses_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Rent</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_OtherLaborRelatedExpenses" xlink:label="us-gaap_OtherLaborRelatedExpenses" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_OtherLaborRelatedExpenses" xlink:to="us-gaap_OtherLaborRelatedExpenses_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_OtherLaborRelatedExpenses_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Office Supplies and Postage</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_OtherOperatingIncomeExpenseNet" xlink:label="us-gaap_OtherOperatingIncomeExpenseNet" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_OtherOperatingIncomeExpenseNet" xlink:to="us-gaap_OtherOperatingIncomeExpenseNet_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_OtherOperatingIncomeExpenseNet_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Other operating expenses</link:label>
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_OperatingExpenses" xlink:to="us-gaap_OperatingExpenses_2_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_OperatingExpenses_2_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Total Operating Expenses</link:label>
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_OperatingIncomeLoss" xlink:to="us-gaap_OperatingIncomeLoss_2_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_OperatingIncomeLoss_2_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Loss (Income) from Operations</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="ivda-20241231.xsd#IVDA_InterestIncomeAndOtherExpensesNet" xlink:label="IVDA_InterestIncomeAndOtherExpensesNet" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="IVDA_InterestIncomeAndOtherExpensesNet" xlink:to="IVDA_InterestIncomeAndOtherExpensesNet_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="IVDA_InterestIncomeAndOtherExpensesNet_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Interest Income and Other (Expenses), net</link:label>
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_IncomeLossFromContinuingOperationsBeforeIncomeTaxesExtraordinaryItemsNoncontrollingInterest" xlink:to="us-gaap_IncomeLossFromContinuingOperationsBeforeIncomeTaxesExtraordinaryItemsNoncontrollingInterest_2_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_IncomeLossFromContinuingOperationsBeforeIncomeTaxesExtraordinaryItemsNoncontrollingInterest_2_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Net loss before Income Tax</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_NoncurrentAssets" xlink:label="us-gaap_NoncurrentAssets" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_NoncurrentAssets" xlink:to="us-gaap_NoncurrentAssets_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_NoncurrentAssets_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Total Consolidated</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_NewAccountingPronouncementsOrChangeInAccountingPrincipleTable" xlink:label="us-gaap_NewAccountingPronouncementsOrChangeInAccountingPrincipleTable" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_NewAccountingPronouncementsOrChangeInAccountingPrincipleTable" xlink:to="us-gaap_NewAccountingPronouncementsOrChangeInAccountingPrincipleTable_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_NewAccountingPronouncementsOrChangeInAccountingPrincipleTable_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Accounting Standards Update and Change in Accounting Principle [Table]</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_NewAccountingPronouncementsOrChangeInAccountingPrincipleLineItems" xlink:label="us-gaap_NewAccountingPronouncementsOrChangeInAccountingPrincipleLineItems" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_NewAccountingPronouncementsOrChangeInAccountingPrincipleLineItems" xlink:to="us-gaap_NewAccountingPronouncementsOrChangeInAccountingPrincipleLineItems_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_NewAccountingPronouncementsOrChangeInAccountingPrincipleLineItems_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">New Accounting Pronouncements or Change in Accounting Principle [Line Items]</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_OtherAssets" xlink:label="us-gaap_OtherAssets" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_OtherAssets" xlink:to="us-gaap_OtherAssets_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/verboseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_OtherAssets_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Other Assets</link:label>
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_AccountsPayableAndOtherAccruedLiabilitiesCurrent" xlink:to="us-gaap_AccountsPayableAndOtherAccruedLiabilitiesCurrent_3_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/negatedLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_AccountsPayableAndOtherAccruedLiabilitiesCurrent_3_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Accounts and Other Payables</link:label>
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentNet" xlink:to="us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentNet_2_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/verboseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentNet_2_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Property and Equipment, Net</link:label>
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentNet" xlink:to="us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentNet_3_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/negatedLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentNet_3_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Property and Equipment, Net</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="ivda-20241231.xsd#IVDA_JointVentureNoncontrolledEquityPortion" xlink:label="IVDA_JointVentureNoncontrolledEquityPortion" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="IVDA_JointVentureNoncontrolledEquityPortion" xlink:to="IVDA_JointVentureNoncontrolledEquityPortion_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/verboseLabel" xlink:label="IVDA_JointVentureNoncontrolledEquityPortion_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Other Assets</link:label>
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_AccumulatedOtherComprehensiveIncomeLossNetOfTax" xlink:to="us-gaap_AccumulatedOtherComprehensiveIncomeLossNetOfTax_2_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/verboseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_AccumulatedOtherComprehensiveIncomeLossNetOfTax_2_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_OtherReceivablesNetCurrent" xlink:label="us-gaap_OtherReceivablesNetCurrent" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_OtherReceivablesNetCurrent" xlink:to="us-gaap_OtherReceivablesNetCurrent_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_OtherReceivablesNetCurrent_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Intercompany amount due</link:label>
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_GainLossOnInvestments" xlink:to="us-gaap_GainLossOnInvestments_2_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/negatedLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_GainLossOnInvestments_2_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Gain (Loss) on Investments</link:label>
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_GainLossOnInvestments" xlink:to="us-gaap_GainLossOnInvestments_3_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/verboseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_GainLossOnInvestments_3_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Loss from Investment in Iveda Phils JV</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="ivda-20241231.xsd#IVDA_InvestmentsEliminateRecorded" xlink:label="IVDA_InvestmentsEliminateRecorded" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="IVDA_InvestmentsEliminateRecorded" xlink:to="IVDA_InvestmentsEliminateRecorded_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="IVDA_InvestmentsEliminateRecorded_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Eliminate JV G&amp;A recorded 2023</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="ivda-20241231.xsd#IVDA_EliminateInterestIncomeRecorded" xlink:label="IVDA_EliminateInterestIncomeRecorded" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="IVDA_EliminateInterestIncomeRecorded" xlink:to="IVDA_EliminateInterestIncomeRecorded_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="IVDA_EliminateInterestIncomeRecorded_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Eliminate JV Interest Income recorded 2023</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="ivda-20241231.xsd#IVDA_InvestmentEkiminateLossAttributableToNoncontrolledInterest" xlink:label="IVDA_InvestmentEkiminateLossAttributableToNoncontrolledInterest" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="IVDA_InvestmentEkiminateLossAttributableToNoncontrolledInterest" xlink:to="IVDA_InvestmentEkiminateLossAttributableToNoncontrolledInterest_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="IVDA_InvestmentEkiminateLossAttributableToNoncontrolledInterest_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Eliminate Loss attributable to non-controlled interest</link:label>
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_EarningsPerShareBasic" xlink:to="us-gaap_EarningsPerShareBasic_3_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_EarningsPerShareBasic_3_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Earnings Per Share, Basic</link:label>
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_EarningsPerShareDiluted" xlink:to="us-gaap_EarningsPerShareDiluted_2_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/verboseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_EarningsPerShareDiluted_2_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Earnings Per Share, Diluted</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_IncomeTaxEffectsAllocatedDirectlyToEquityPriorPeriodAdjustment" xlink:label="us-gaap_IncomeTaxEffectsAllocatedDirectlyToEquityPriorPeriodAdjustment" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_IncomeTaxEffectsAllocatedDirectlyToEquityPriorPeriodAdjustment" xlink:to="us-gaap_IncomeTaxEffectsAllocatedDirectlyToEquityPriorPeriodAdjustment_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/negatedLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_IncomeTaxEffectsAllocatedDirectlyToEquityPriorPeriodAdjustment_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Correction of Deferred Tax Asset</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="ivda-20241231.xsd#IVDA_CorrectionOfPriorPeriodIntercompanyAccountsPayable" xlink:label="IVDA_CorrectionOfPriorPeriodIntercompanyAccountsPayable" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="IVDA_CorrectionOfPriorPeriodIntercompanyAccountsPayable" xlink:to="IVDA_CorrectionOfPriorPeriodIntercompanyAccountsPayable_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="IVDA_CorrectionOfPriorPeriodIntercompanyAccountsPayable_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Correction of Prior Period Intercompany Accounts Payable</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="ivda-20241231.xsd#IVDA_CapitalizedSoftwareExpensedToResearchAndDevelopment" xlink:label="IVDA_CapitalizedSoftwareExpensedToResearchAndDevelopment" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="IVDA_CapitalizedSoftwareExpensedToResearchAndDevelopment" xlink:to="IVDA_CapitalizedSoftwareExpensedToResearchAndDevelopment_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="IVDA_CapitalizedSoftwareExpensedToResearchAndDevelopment_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Capitalized Software expensed to Research and Development</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="ivda-20241231.xsd#IVDA_ExpenseInvestmentNet" xlink:label="IVDA_ExpenseInvestmentNet" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="IVDA_ExpenseInvestmentNet" xlink:to="IVDA_ExpenseInvestmentNet_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="IVDA_ExpenseInvestmentNet_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Expense Investment in Iveda Phils JV, net</link:label>
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_ProfitLoss" xlink:to="us-gaap_ProfitLoss_2_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_ProfitLoss_2_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Net loss with adjustments</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="ivda-20241231.xsd#IVDA_NetLoss" xlink:label="IVDA_NetLoss" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="IVDA_NetLoss" xlink:to="IVDA_NetLoss_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="IVDA_NetLoss_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Net loss</link:label>
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_OperatingIncomeLoss" xlink:to="us-gaap_OperatingIncomeLoss_3_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/verboseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_OperatingIncomeLoss_3_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Loss from Iveda Phils Joint Venture</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="ivda-20241231.xsd#IVDA_LossFromIvedaPhilsJointVenture" xlink:label="IVDA_LossFromIvedaPhilsJointVenture" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="IVDA_LossFromIvedaPhilsJointVenture" xlink:to="IVDA_LossFromIvedaPhilsJointVenture_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/verboseLabel" xlink:label="IVDA_LossFromIvedaPhilsJointVenture_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Net loss</link:label>
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInOtherAccountsPayable" xlink:to="us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInOtherAccountsPayable_2_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/verboseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInOtherAccountsPayable_2_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Net loss</link:label>
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInOperatingActivities" xlink:to="us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInOperatingActivities_2_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInOperatingActivities_2_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Net Cash Used in Operating Activities</link:label>
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_PaymentsToAcquireOtherPropertyPlantAndEquipment" xlink:to="us-gaap_PaymentsToAcquireOtherPropertyPlantAndEquipment_2_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/negatedTerseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_PaymentsToAcquireOtherPropertyPlantAndEquipment_2_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Purchase of Property and Equipment, Net</link:label>
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInInvestingActivities" xlink:to="us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInInvestingActivities_2_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInInvestingActivities_2_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Net Cash Provided by (Used in) Investing Activities</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="ivda-20241231.xsd#IVDA_JointVentureNoncontrolledEquityPortions" xlink:label="IVDA_JointVentureNoncontrolledEquityPortions" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="IVDA_JointVentureNoncontrolledEquityPortions" xlink:to="IVDA_JointVentureNoncontrolledEquityPortions_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="IVDA_JointVentureNoncontrolledEquityPortions_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Joint Venture Non-Controlled Equity Portion</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="ivda-20241231.xsd#IVDA_IncreaseDecreaseInChangeRestrictedCash" xlink:label="IVDA_IncreaseDecreaseInChangeRestrictedCash" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="IVDA_IncreaseDecreaseInChangeRestrictedCash" xlink:to="IVDA_IncreaseDecreaseInChangeRestrictedCash_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="IVDA_IncreaseDecreaseInChangeRestrictedCash_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Change in restricted Cash</link:label>
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInFinancingActivities" xlink:to="us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInFinancingActivities_2_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInFinancingActivities_2_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS - END OF PERIOD</link:label>
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_CashCashEquivalentsRestrictedCashAndRestrictedCashEquivalentsPeriodIncreaseDecreaseIncludingExchangeRateEffect" xlink:to="us-gaap_CashCashEquivalentsRestrictedCashAndRestrictedCashEquivalentsPeriodIncreaseDecreaseIncludingExchangeRateEffect_2_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_CashCashEquivalentsRestrictedCashAndRestrictedCashEquivalentsPeriodIncreaseDecreaseIncludingExchangeRateEffect_2_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">NET INCREASE (DECREASE) IN CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="ivda-20241231.xsd#IVDA_InvestmentNetIncomeLoss" xlink:label="IVDA_InvestmentNetIncomeLoss" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="IVDA_InvestmentNetIncomeLoss" xlink:to="IVDA_InvestmentNetIncomeLoss_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="IVDA_InvestmentNetIncomeLoss_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Investment net income loss</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="ivda-20241231.xsd#IVDA_AdditionalInvestmentNetIncomeLoss" xlink:label="IVDA_AdditionalInvestmentNetIncomeLoss" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="IVDA_AdditionalInvestmentNetIncomeLoss" xlink:to="IVDA_AdditionalInvestmentNetIncomeLoss_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="IVDA_AdditionalInvestmentNetIncomeLoss_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Additional investment net income loss</link:label>
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="IVDA_IncreaseDecreaseInChangeRestrictedCash" xlink:to="IVDA_IncreaseDecreaseInChangeRestrictedCash_2_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/verboseLabel" xlink:label="IVDA_IncreaseDecreaseInChangeRestrictedCash_2_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Restricted cash</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_DeferredTaxAssetsOther" xlink:label="us-gaap_DeferredTaxAssetsOther" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_DeferredTaxAssetsOther" xlink:to="us-gaap_DeferredTaxAssetsOther_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_DeferredTaxAssetsOther_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Deferred tax assets</link:label>
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_ResearchAndDevelopmentExpense" xlink:to="us-gaap_ResearchAndDevelopmentExpense_2_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/verboseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_ResearchAndDevelopmentExpense_2_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Research and development</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_SubsequentEventTable" xlink:label="us-gaap_SubsequentEventTable" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_SubsequentEventTable" xlink:to="us-gaap_SubsequentEventTable_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_SubsequentEventTable_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Subsequent Event [Table]</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_SubsequentEventLineItems" xlink:label="us-gaap_SubsequentEventLineItems" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_SubsequentEventLineItems" xlink:to="us-gaap_SubsequentEventLineItems_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_SubsequentEventLineItems_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Subsequent Event [Line Items]</link:label>
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodValueIssuedForServices" xlink:to="us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodValueIssuedForServices_3_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodValueIssuedForServices_3_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Stock issued during period value issued for services</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_LegalFees" xlink:label="us-gaap_LegalFees" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_LegalFees" xlink:to="us-gaap_LegalFees_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_LegalFees_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Legal fees</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="ivda-20241231.xsd#IVDA_AmountsDueToReimbursements" xlink:label="IVDA_AmountsDueToReimbursements" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="IVDA_AmountsDueToReimbursements" xlink:to="IVDA_AmountsDueToReimbursements_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="IVDA_AmountsDueToReimbursements_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Amounts due to reimbursements</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_LesseeOperatingLeaseRenewalTerm" xlink:label="us-gaap_LesseeOperatingLeaseRenewalTerm" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_LesseeOperatingLeaseRenewalTerm" xlink:to="us-gaap_LesseeOperatingLeaseRenewalTerm_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_LesseeOperatingLeaseRenewalTerm_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Lessee operating lease renewal term</link:label>
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="IVDA_ShanghaiBankMember" xlink:to="IVDA_ShanghaiBankMember_doc" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="IVDA_ShanghaiBankMember_doc" xml:lang="en-US">Shanghai Bank [Member]</link:label>
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="IVDA_HuaNamBankMember" xlink:to="IVDA_HuaNamBankMember_doc" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="IVDA_HuaNamBankMember_doc" xml:lang="en-US">Hua Nam Bank [Member]</link:label>
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="IVDA_ChangHwaBankMember" xlink:to="IVDA_ChangHwaBankMember_doc" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="IVDA_ChangHwaBankMember_doc" xml:lang="en-US">Chang Hwa Bank [Member]</link:label>
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="IVDA_StockIssuedDuringPeriodValueStockWarrantsExercised" xlink:to="IVDA_StockIssuedDuringPeriodValueStockWarrantsExercised_doc" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="IVDA_StockIssuedDuringPeriodValueStockWarrantsExercised_doc" xml:lang="en-US">Stock issued during period value stock warrants exercised.</link:label>
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="IVDA_StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesStockWarrantsExercised" xlink:to="IVDA_StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesStockWarrantsExercised_doc" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="IVDA_StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesStockWarrantsExercised_doc" xml:lang="en-US">Stock Issued During Period Shares Stock Warrants Exercised.</link:label>
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="IVDA_StockIssuedDuringReverseSplitFractionalSharesValue" xlink:to="IVDA_StockIssuedDuringReverseSplitFractionalSharesValue_doc" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="IVDA_StockIssuedDuringReverseSplitFractionalSharesValue_doc" xml:lang="en-US">Stock issued during reverse split fractional shares value.</link:label>
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="IVDA_StockIssuedDuringReverseSplitFractionalShares" xlink:to="IVDA_StockIssuedDuringReverseSplitFractionalShares_doc" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="IVDA_StockIssuedDuringReverseSplitFractionalShares_doc" xml:lang="en-US">Stock issued during reverse split fractional shares.</link:label>
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="IVDA_TwoThousandTenStockOptionPlanMember" xlink:to="IVDA_TwoThousandTenStockOptionPlanMember_doc" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="IVDA_TwoThousandTenStockOptionPlanMember_doc" xml:lang="en-US">2010 Stock Option Plan [Member]</link:label>
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="IVDA_TwoThousandTwentyPlanMember" xlink:to="IVDA_TwoThousandTwentyPlanMember_doc" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="IVDA_TwoThousandTwentyPlanMember_doc" xml:lang="en-US">2020 Plan [Member]</link:label>
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="IVDA_CommonStockWarrantsIssuedForServices" xlink:to="IVDA_CommonStockWarrantsIssuedForServices_doc" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="IVDA_CommonStockWarrantsIssuedForServices_doc" xml:lang="en-US">Common stock warrants issued for services.</link:label>
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="IVDA_CommonStockIssuedForServices" xlink:to="IVDA_CommonStockIssuedForServices_doc" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="IVDA_CommonStockIssuedForServices_doc" xml:lang="en-US">Common stock issued for services.</link:label>
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="IVDA_StockOptionPlanMember" xlink:to="IVDA_StockOptionPlanMember_doc" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="IVDA_StockOptionPlanMember_doc" xml:lang="en-US">Stock Option Plan [Member]</link:label>
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="IVDA_SecurityIntegrationAndConsultantTechnologyCoLtdMember" xlink:to="IVDA_SecurityIntegrationAndConsultantTechnologyCoLtdMember_doc" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="IVDA_SecurityIntegrationAndConsultantTechnologyCoLtdMember_doc" xml:lang="en-US">Security Integration &amp; Consultant Technology CO., LTD [Member]</link:label>
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="IVDA_ChunghwaTelecomMember" xlink:to="IVDA_ChunghwaTelecomMember_doc" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="IVDA_ChunghwaTelecomMember_doc" xml:lang="en-US">Chunghwa Telecom [Member]</link:label>
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="IVDA_ChiconyPowerTechnologyCoLtdMember" xlink:to="IVDA_ChiconyPowerTechnologyCoLtdMember_doc" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="IVDA_ChiconyPowerTechnologyCoLtdMember_doc" xml:lang="en-US">Chicony Power Technology Co., Ltd [Member]</link:label>
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="IVDA_HWACOMSYSTEMSINCMember" xlink:to="IVDA_HWACOMSYSTEMSINCMember_doc" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="IVDA_HWACOMSYSTEMSINCMember_doc" xml:lang="en-US">HWACOM SYSTEMS INC [Member]</link:label>
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="IVDA_ClaroEnterpriseSolutionsMember" xlink:to="IVDA_ClaroEnterpriseSolutionsMember_doc" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="IVDA_ClaroEnterpriseSolutionsMember_doc" xml:lang="en-US">Claro Enterprise Solutions [Member]</link:label>
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="IVDA_YouMingHueiCoLtdMember" xlink:to="IVDA_YouMingHueiCoLtdMember_doc" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="IVDA_YouMingHueiCoLtdMember_doc" xml:lang="en-US">YOU MING HUEI CO. LTD [Member]</link:label>
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="IVDA_ChiconyPowerTechnologyMember" xlink:to="IVDA_ChiconyPowerTechnologyMember_doc" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="IVDA_ChiconyPowerTechnologyMember_doc" xml:lang="en-US">Chicony Power Technology [Member]</link:label>
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="IVDA_OtherCustomersMember" xlink:to="IVDA_OtherCustomersMember_doc" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="IVDA_OtherCustomersMember_doc" xml:lang="en-US">Other Customers [Member]</link:label>
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="IVDA_OtherCurrentAssetsPolicyTextBlock" xlink:to="IVDA_OtherCurrentAssetsPolicyTextBlock_doc" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="IVDA_OtherCurrentAssetsPolicyTextBlock_doc" xml:lang="en-US">Other Current Assets [Policy Text Block]</link:label>
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="IVDA_RepublicOfChinaTaiwanMember" xlink:to="IVDA_RepublicOfChinaTaiwanMember_doc" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="IVDA_RepublicOfChinaTaiwanMember_doc" xml:lang="en-US">Republic of China (Taiwan) [Member].</link:label>
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="IVDA_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardNonOptionEquityInstrumentsExercisableNumber" xlink:to="IVDA_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardNonOptionEquityInstrumentsExercisableNumber_doc" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="IVDA_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardNonOptionEquityInstrumentsExercisableNumber_doc" xml:lang="en-US">Non option equity instruments exercisable number.</link:label>
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="IVDA_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardNonOptionsOutstandingWeightedAverageExercisePrice" xlink:to="IVDA_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardNonOptionsOutstandingWeightedAverageExercisePrice_doc" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="IVDA_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardNonOptionsOutstandingWeightedAverageExercisePrice_doc" xml:lang="en-US">Share Based Compensation Arrangement By Share Based Payment Award Non Options OutstandingWeighted Average ExercisePrice.</link:label>
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="IVDA_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardNonOptionsGrantedWeightedAverageExercisePrice" xlink:to="IVDA_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardNonOptionsGrantedWeightedAverageExercisePrice_doc" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="IVDA_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardNonOptionsGrantedWeightedAverageExercisePrice_doc" xml:lang="en-US">Share Based Compensation Arrangement By Share Based Payment Award Non Options Outstanding, Granted.</link:label>
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="IVDA_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardNonOptionsExercisedWeightedAverageExercisePrice" xlink:to="IVDA_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardNonOptionsExercisedWeightedAverageExercisePrice_doc" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="IVDA_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardNonOptionsExercisedWeightedAverageExercisePrice_doc" xml:lang="en-US">Share based compensation arrangement by share based payment award non options exercised weighted average exercise price.</link:label>
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="IVDA_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardNonOptionsForfeitedCancelledWeightedAverageExercisePrice" xlink:to="IVDA_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardNonOptionsForfeitedCancelledWeightedAverageExercisePrice_doc" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="IVDA_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardNonOptionsForfeitedCancelledWeightedAverageExercisePrice_doc" xml:lang="en-US">Share Based Compensation Arrangement By Share Based Payment Award Non Options Outstanding, forfeited.</link:label>
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="IVDA_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardNonOptionsExercisableWeightedAverageExercisePrice" xlink:to="IVDA_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardNonOptionsExercisableWeightedAverageExercisePrice_doc" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="IVDA_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardNonOptionsExercisableWeightedAverageExercisePrice_doc" xml:lang="en-US">Share Based Compensation Arrangement By Share Based Payment Award Non Options Outstanding Weighted Average ExercisePrice.</link:label>
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="IVDA_UsBasedSegmentMember" xlink:to="IVDA_UsBasedSegmentMember_doc" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="IVDA_UsBasedSegmentMember_doc" xml:lang="en-US">U.S. - Based Segment [Member]</link:label>
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="IVDA_WeightedAverageSharesOutstandingBasic" xlink:to="IVDA_WeightedAverageSharesOutstandingBasic_doc" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="IVDA_WeightedAverageSharesOutstandingBasic_doc" xml:lang="en-US">Weighted average shares outstanding basic.</link:label>
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="IVDA_MegasysMember" xlink:to="IVDA_MegasysMember_doc" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="IVDA_MegasysMember_doc" xml:lang="en-US">Megasys [Member]</link:label>
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="IVDA_FiveCustomersMember" xlink:to="IVDA_FiveCustomersMember_doc" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="IVDA_FiveCustomersMember_doc" xml:lang="en-US">Five Customers [Member]</link:label>
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="IVDA_TwoCustomersMember" xlink:to="IVDA_TwoCustomersMember_doc" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="IVDA_TwoCustomersMember_doc" xml:lang="en-US">Two Customers [Member]</link:label>
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="IVDA_OneCustomersMember" xlink:to="IVDA_OneCustomersMember_doc" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="IVDA_OneCustomersMember_doc" xml:lang="en-US">One Customers [Member]</link:label>
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="IVDA_LongTermDebtInstrumentMaturityDateDescription" xlink:to="IVDA_LongTermDebtInstrumentMaturityDateDescription_doc" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="IVDA_LongTermDebtInstrumentMaturityDateDescription_doc" xml:lang="en-US">Long term debt instrument maturity date description.</link:label>
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="IVDA_ScheduleOfStockholdersEquityNoteWarrantsTableTextBlock" xlink:to="IVDA_ScheduleOfStockholdersEquityNoteWarrantsTableTextBlock_doc" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="IVDA_ScheduleOfStockholdersEquityNoteWarrantsTableTextBlock_doc" xml:lang="en-US">Schedule of Stockholders Equity Note Warrants [Table Text Block]</link:label>
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="IVDA_WarrantsOutstandingWeightedAverageRemainingContractualTerm" xlink:to="IVDA_WarrantsOutstandingWeightedAverageRemainingContractualTerm_doc" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="IVDA_WarrantsOutstandingWeightedAverageRemainingContractualTerm_doc" xml:lang="en-US">Warrants outstanding weighted average remaining contractual term.</link:label>
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="IVDA_WarrantsOutstandingWeightedAverageExercisePriceValue" xlink:to="IVDA_WarrantsOutstandingWeightedAverageExercisePriceValue_doc" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="IVDA_WarrantsOutstandingWeightedAverageExercisePriceValue_doc" xml:lang="en-US">Warrants outstanding weighted average exercise price value</link:label>
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="IVDA_WarrantsExercisableWeightedAverageExercisePriceValue" xlink:to="IVDA_WarrantsExercisableWeightedAverageExercisePriceValue_doc" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="IVDA_WarrantsExercisableWeightedAverageExercisePriceValue_doc" xml:lang="en-US">Warrants exercisable weighted average exercise price value</link:label>
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="IVDA_GovernmentCorporateTaxRate" xlink:to="IVDA_GovernmentCorporateTaxRate_doc" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="IVDA_GovernmentCorporateTaxRate_doc" xml:lang="en-US">Government corporate tax rate</link:label>
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="IVDA_EquipmentSalesMember" xlink:to="IVDA_EquipmentSalesMember_doc" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="IVDA_EquipmentSalesMember_doc" xml:lang="en-US">Equipment Sales [Member]</link:label>
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="IVDA_ServiceRevenueMember" xlink:to="IVDA_ServiceRevenueMember_doc" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="IVDA_ServiceRevenueMember_doc" xml:lang="en-US">Service Revenue [Member]</link:label>
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="IVDA_OtherRevenueMember" xlink:to="IVDA_OtherRevenueMember_doc" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="IVDA_OtherRevenueMember_doc" xml:lang="en-US">Other Revenue [Member]</link:label>
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="IVDA_GoingConcernPolicyTextBlock" xlink:to="IVDA_GoingConcernPolicyTextBlock_doc" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="IVDA_GoingConcernPolicyTextBlock_doc" xml:lang="en-US">Going Concern [Policy Text Block]</link:label>
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="IVDA_DeferredRevenueAndCustomerDepositsCurrent" xlink:to="IVDA_DeferredRevenueAndCustomerDepositsCurrent_doc" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="IVDA_DeferredRevenueAndCustomerDepositsCurrent_doc" xml:lang="en-US">Deferred Revenue and Customer Deposits</link:label>
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="IVDA_UnregisteredSeriesAWarrantsMember" xlink:to="IVDA_UnregisteredSeriesAWarrantsMember_doc" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="IVDA_UnregisteredSeriesAWarrantsMember_doc" xml:lang="en-US">Unregistered Series A Warrants [Member]</link:label>
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="IVDA_UnregisteredSeriesBWarrantsMember" xlink:to="IVDA_UnregisteredSeriesBWarrantsMember_doc" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="IVDA_UnregisteredSeriesBWarrantsMember_doc" xml:lang="en-US">Unregistered Series B Warrants [Member]</link:label>
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="IVDA_StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesStockWarrantsToAcquire" xlink:to="IVDA_StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesStockWarrantsToAcquire_doc" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="IVDA_StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesStockWarrantsToAcquire_doc" xml:lang="en-US">Warrants to acquire</link:label>
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="IVDA_LongTermDebtMaturitiesRepaymentsOfPrincipalAfterYearFour" xlink:to="IVDA_LongTermDebtMaturitiesRepaymentsOfPrincipalAfterYearFour_doc" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="IVDA_LongTermDebtMaturitiesRepaymentsOfPrincipalAfterYearFour_doc" xml:lang="en-US">Long term debt maturities repayments of principal after year four.</link:label>
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="IVDA_September2024DirectOfferingMember" xlink:to="IVDA_September2024DirectOfferingMember_doc" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="IVDA_September2024DirectOfferingMember_doc" xml:lang="en-US">September 2024 Direct Offering [Member]</link:label>
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="IVDA_RestatedMember" xlink:to="IVDA_RestatedMember_doc" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="IVDA_RestatedMember_doc" xml:lang="en-US">Restated [Member]</link:label>
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="IVDA_CapitalizedSoftwareExpensedToResearchAndDevelopment" xlink:to="IVDA_CapitalizedSoftwareExpensedToResearchAndDevelopment_doc" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="IVDA_CapitalizedSoftwareExpensedToResearchAndDevelopment_doc" xml:lang="en-US">Capitalized software expensed to research and development.</link:label>
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="IVDA_DeferredIncomeTaxEffectsToEquityPriorPeriodAdjustment" xlink:to="IVDA_DeferredIncomeTaxEffectsToEquityPriorPeriodAdjustment_doc" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="IVDA_DeferredIncomeTaxEffectsToEquityPriorPeriodAdjustment_doc" xml:lang="en-US">Deferred income tax effects to equity prior period adjustment.</link:label>
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="IVDA_TermLoanMember" xlink:to="IVDA_TermLoanMember_doc" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="IVDA_TermLoanMember_doc" xml:lang="en-US">Term Loan [Member]</link:label>
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="IVDA_LoanSecuritzedByGovernmentGuaranteePercentage" xlink:to="IVDA_LoanSecuritzedByGovernmentGuaranteePercentage_doc" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="IVDA_LoanSecuritzedByGovernmentGuaranteePercentage_doc" xml:lang="en-US">Loan securitzed by government guarantee percentage.</link:label>
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="IVDA_SecurityDepositPercentage" xlink:to="IVDA_SecurityDepositPercentage_doc" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="IVDA_SecurityDepositPercentage_doc" xml:lang="en-US">Security deposit percentage.</link:label>
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="IVDA_SoftwareSubscription" xlink:to="IVDA_SoftwareSubscription_doc" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="IVDA_SoftwareSubscription_doc" xml:lang="en-US">Software subscription.</link:label>
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="IVDA_PublicCompanyExpenses" xlink:to="IVDA_PublicCompanyExpenses_doc" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="IVDA_PublicCompanyExpenses_doc" xml:lang="en-US">Public company expenses.</link:label>
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="IVDA_AuditAndAccounting" xlink:to="IVDA_AuditAndAccounting_doc" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="IVDA_AuditAndAccounting_doc" xml:lang="en-US">Audit and accounting.</link:label>
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="IVDA_ConsultingServices" xlink:to="IVDA_ConsultingServices_doc" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="IVDA_ConsultingServices_doc" xml:lang="en-US">Consulting services.</link:label>
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="IVDA_EquityMethodInvestmentImpairmentCharge" xlink:to="IVDA_EquityMethodInvestmentImpairmentCharge_doc" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="IVDA_EquityMethodInvestmentImpairmentCharge_doc" xml:lang="en-US">Equity method investment impairment charge.</link:label>
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="IVDA_JointVentureNoncontrolledEquityPortion" xlink:to="IVDA_JointVentureNoncontrolledEquityPortion_doc" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="IVDA_JointVentureNoncontrolledEquityPortion_doc" xml:lang="en-US">Joint venture noncontrolled equity portion.</link:label>
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="IVDA_CorrectionOfPriorPeriodIntercompanyAccountsPayable" xlink:to="IVDA_CorrectionOfPriorPeriodIntercompanyAccountsPayable_doc" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="IVDA_CorrectionOfPriorPeriodIntercompanyAccountsPayable_doc" xml:lang="en-US">Correction of prior period intercompany accounts payable.</link:label>
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="IVDA_InvestmentsEliminateRecorded" xlink:to="IVDA_InvestmentsEliminateRecorded_doc" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="IVDA_InvestmentsEliminateRecorded_doc" xml:lang="en-US">Investments eliminate recorded.</link:label>
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="IVDA_EliminateInterestIncomeRecorded" xlink:to="IVDA_EliminateInterestIncomeRecorded_doc" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="IVDA_EliminateInterestIncomeRecorded_doc" xml:lang="en-US">Eliminate interest income recorded.</link:label>
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="IVDA_InvestmentEkiminateLossAttributableToNoncontrolledInterest" xlink:to="IVDA_InvestmentEkiminateLossAttributableToNoncontrolledInterest_doc" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="IVDA_InvestmentEkiminateLossAttributableToNoncontrolledInterest_doc" xml:lang="en-US">Investment ekiminate loss attributable to noncontrolled interest.</link:label>
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="IVDA_InvestmentNetIncomeLoss" xlink:to="IVDA_InvestmentNetIncomeLoss_doc" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="IVDA_InvestmentNetIncomeLoss_doc" xml:lang="en-US">Investment net income loss.</link:label>
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="IVDA_AdditionalInvestmentNetIncomeLoss" xlink:to="IVDA_AdditionalInvestmentNetIncomeLoss_doc" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="IVDA_AdditionalInvestmentNetIncomeLoss_doc" xml:lang="en-US">Additional investment net income loss.</link:label>
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="IVDA_JointVentureNoncontrolledEquityPortions" xlink:to="IVDA_JointVentureNoncontrolledEquityPortions_doc" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="IVDA_JointVentureNoncontrolledEquityPortions_doc" xml:lang="en-US">Joint venture noncontrolled equity portions.</link:label>
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="IVDA_ExpenseInvestmentNet" xlink:to="IVDA_ExpenseInvestmentNet_doc" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="IVDA_ExpenseInvestmentNet_doc" xml:lang="en-US">Expense investment net.</link:label>
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="IVDA_IncreaseDecreaseInChangeRestrictedCash" xlink:to="IVDA_IncreaseDecreaseInChangeRestrictedCash_doc" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="IVDA_IncreaseDecreaseInChangeRestrictedCash_doc" xml:lang="en-US">Increase decrease in change restricted cash.</link:label>
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="IVDA_IvedaTaiwanMember" xlink:to="IVDA_IvedaTaiwanMember_doc" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="IVDA_IvedaTaiwanMember_doc" xml:lang="en-US">Iveda Taiwan [Member]</link:label>
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="IVDA_SalariesAndPayrollExpenses" xlink:to="IVDA_SalariesAndPayrollExpenses_doc" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="IVDA_SalariesAndPayrollExpenses_doc" xml:lang="en-US">Salaries and payroll expenses.</link:label>
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="IVDA_RentExpenses" xlink:to="IVDA_RentExpenses_doc" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="IVDA_RentExpenses_doc" xml:lang="en-US">Rent expenses.</link:label>
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="IVDA_InterestIncomeAndOtherExpensesNet" xlink:to="IVDA_InterestIncomeAndOtherExpensesNet_doc" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="IVDA_InterestIncomeAndOtherExpensesNet_doc" xml:lang="en-US">Interest income and other expenses net.</link:label>
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="IVDA_Pension" xlink:to="IVDA_Pension_doc" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="IVDA_Pension_doc" xml:lang="en-US">Pension.</link:label>
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="IVDA_CommercialEnterprisesMember" xlink:to="IVDA_CommercialEnterprisesMember_doc" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="IVDA_CommercialEnterprisesMember_doc" xml:lang="en-US">Commercial Enterprises [Member]</link:label>
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="IVDA_DistributorsMember" xlink:to="IVDA_DistributorsMember_doc" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="IVDA_DistributorsMember_doc" xml:lang="en-US">Distributors [Member]</link:label>
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="IVDA_MunicipalitiesMember" xlink:to="IVDA_MunicipalitiesMember_doc" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="IVDA_MunicipalitiesMember_doc" xml:lang="en-US">Municipalities [Member]</link:label>
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="IVDA_TaiwanGovernmentMember" xlink:to="IVDA_TaiwanGovernmentMember_doc" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="IVDA_TaiwanGovernmentMember_doc" xml:lang="en-US">Taiwan Government [Member]</link:label>
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="IVDA_OtherMember" xlink:to="IVDA_OtherMember_doc" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="IVDA_OtherMember_doc" xml:lang="en-US">Other [Member]</link:label>
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="IVDA_ChangeInRevenuePercentage" xlink:to="IVDA_ChangeInRevenuePercentage_doc" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="IVDA_ChangeInRevenuePercentage_doc" xml:lang="en-US">Change in revenue percentage.</link:label>
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="IVDA_IvedaPhilsJointVentureMember" xlink:to="IVDA_IvedaPhilsJointVentureMember_doc" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="IVDA_IvedaPhilsJointVentureMember_doc" xml:lang="en-US">Iveda Phils Joint Venture [Member]</link:label>
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="IVDA_AegisCapitalCorpMember" xlink:to="IVDA_AegisCapitalCorpMember_doc" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="IVDA_AegisCapitalCorpMember_doc" xml:lang="en-US">Aegis Capital Corp [Member]</link:label>
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="IVDA_LongLivedAssetsAndLiabilitiesByGeographicAreasTableTextBlock" xlink:to="IVDA_LongLivedAssetsAndLiabilitiesByGeographicAreasTableTextBlock_doc" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="IVDA_LongLivedAssetsAndLiabilitiesByGeographicAreasTableTextBlock_doc" xml:lang="en-US">Long Lived Assets And Liabilities By Geographic Areas [Table Text Block]</link:label>
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="IVDA_AtTheMarketOfferingAgreementMember" xlink:to="IVDA_AtTheMarketOfferingAgreementMember_doc" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="IVDA_AtTheMarketOfferingAgreementMember_doc" xml:lang="en-US">At The Market Offering Agreement [Member]</link:label>
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="IVDA_AmountsDueToReimbursements" xlink:to="IVDA_AmountsDueToReimbursements_doc" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="IVDA_AmountsDueToReimbursements_doc" xml:lang="en-US">Amounts due to reimbursements.</link:label>
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="IVDA_IncreaseDecreaseInAccountsAndOtherPayableMember" xlink:to="IVDA_IncreaseDecreaseInAccountsAndOtherPayableMember_doc" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="IVDA_IncreaseDecreaseInAccountsAndOtherPayableMember_doc" xml:lang="en-US">Increase Decrease In Accounts and Other Payable [Member]</link:label>
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="IVDA_LossFromJointVentureMember" xlink:to="IVDA_LossFromJointVentureMember_doc" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="IVDA_LossFromJointVentureMember_doc" xml:lang="en-US">Loss From Joint Venture [Member]</link:label>
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="IVDA_AdditionalLossFromJointVentureMember" xlink:to="IVDA_AdditionalLossFromJointVentureMember_doc" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="IVDA_AdditionalLossFromJointVentureMember_doc" xml:lang="en-US">Additional Loss From Joint Venture [Member]</link:label>
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="IVDA_RestrictedCashWriteOffMember" xlink:to="IVDA_RestrictedCashWriteOffMember_doc" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="IVDA_RestrictedCashWriteOffMember_doc" xml:lang="en-US">Restricted Cash WriteOff [Member]</link:label>
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="IVDA_AdditionalRestrictedCashMember" xlink:to="IVDA_AdditionalRestrictedCashMember_doc" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="IVDA_AdditionalRestrictedCashMember_doc" xml:lang="en-US">Additional Restricted Cash [Member]</link:label>
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="IVDA_NetLoss" xlink:to="IVDA_NetLoss_doc" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="IVDA_NetLoss_doc" xml:lang="en-US">Net loss</link:label>
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="IVDA_LossFromIvedaPhilsJointVenture" xlink:to="IVDA_LossFromIvedaPhilsJointVenture_doc" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="IVDA_LossFromIvedaPhilsJointVenture_doc" xml:lang="en-US">Loss from iveda phils joint venture</link:label>
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="IVDA_UnamortizedResearchAndDevelopmentCosts" xlink:to="IVDA_UnamortizedResearchAndDevelopmentCosts_doc" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="IVDA_UnamortizedResearchAndDevelopmentCosts_doc" xml:lang="en-US">Unamortized research and development costs</link:label>
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="IVDA_ConcentrationRiskPercentage" xlink:to="IVDA_ConcentrationRiskPercentage_doc" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="IVDA_ConcentrationRiskPercentage_doc" xml:lang="en-US">Concentration risk, percentage.</link:label>
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_AssetsCurrent" xlink:to="us-gaap_AssetsCurrent_2_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_AssetsCurrent_2_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Assets, Current</link:label>
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_Assets" xlink:to="us-gaap_Assets_2_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_Assets_2_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Assets</link:label>
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_LiabilitiesCurrent" xlink:to="us-gaap_LiabilitiesCurrent_2_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_LiabilitiesCurrent_2_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Liabilities, Current</link:label>
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_StockholdersEquityIncludingPortionAttributableToNoncontrollingInterest" xlink:to="us-gaap_StockholdersEquityIncludingPortionAttributableToNoncontrollingInterest_4_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_StockholdersEquityIncludingPortionAttributableToNoncontrollingInterest_4_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Equity, Including Portion Attributable to Noncontrolling Interest</link:label>
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_LiabilitiesAndStockholdersEquity" xlink:to="us-gaap_LiabilitiesAndStockholdersEquity_2_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_LiabilitiesAndStockholdersEquity_2_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Liabilities and Equity</link:label>
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_InterestExpenseNonoperating" xlink:to="us-gaap_InterestExpenseNonoperating_2_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_InterestExpenseNonoperating_2_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Interest Expense, Nonoperating</link:label>
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_NonoperatingIncomeExpense" xlink:to="us-gaap_NonoperatingIncomeExpense_2_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_NonoperatingIncomeExpense_2_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Nonoperating Income (Expense)</link:label>
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_IncomeTaxExpenseBenefit" xlink:to="us-gaap_IncomeTaxExpenseBenefit_2_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_IncomeTaxExpenseBenefit_2_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Income Tax Expense (Benefit)</link:label>
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_ComprehensiveIncomeNetOfTax" xlink:to="us-gaap_ComprehensiveIncomeNetOfTax_2_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_ComprehensiveIncomeNetOfTax_2_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Comprehensive Income (Loss), Net of Tax, Attributable to Parent</link:label>
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_SharesOutstanding" xlink:to="us-gaap_SharesOutstanding_3_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_SharesOutstanding_3_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Shares, Outstanding</link:label>
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="IVDA_DeferredIncomeTaxEffectsToEquityPriorPeriodAdjustment" xlink:to="IVDA_DeferredIncomeTaxEffectsToEquityPriorPeriodAdjustment_3_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="IVDA_DeferredIncomeTaxEffectsToEquityPriorPeriodAdjustment_3_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">DeferredIncomeTaxEffectsToEquityPriorPeriodAdjustment</link:label>
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_IncomeLossFromEquityMethodInvestments" xlink:to="us-gaap_IncomeLossFromEquityMethodInvestments_2_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_IncomeLossFromEquityMethodInvestments_2_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Income (Loss) from Equity Method Investments</link:label>
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInAccountsReceivable" xlink:to="us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInAccountsReceivable_2_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInAccountsReceivable_2_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Increase (Decrease) in Accounts Receivable</link:label>
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInDeferredCharges" xlink:to="us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInDeferredCharges_2_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInDeferredCharges_2_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Increase (Decrease) in Deferred Charges</link:label>
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInInventories" xlink:to="us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInInventories_2_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInInventories_2_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Increase (Decrease) in Inventories</link:label>
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInOtherCurrentAssets" xlink:to="us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInOtherCurrentAssets_2_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInOtherCurrentAssets_2_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Increase (Decrease) in Other Current Assets</link:label>
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInOtherNoncurrentAssets" xlink:to="us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInOtherNoncurrentAssets_2_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInOtherNoncurrentAssets_2_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Increase (Decrease) in Other Noncurrent Assets</link:label>
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_PaymentsToAcquireOtherPropertyPlantAndEquipment" xlink:to="us-gaap_PaymentsToAcquireOtherPropertyPlantAndEquipment_3_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_PaymentsToAcquireOtherPropertyPlantAndEquipment_3_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Payments to Acquire Other Property, Plant, and Equipment</link:label>
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_PaymentsToAcquireEquitySecuritiesFvNi" xlink:to="us-gaap_PaymentsToAcquireEquitySecuritiesFvNi_2_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_PaymentsToAcquireEquitySecuritiesFvNi_2_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Payments to Acquire Equity Securities, FV-NI</link:label>
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_CashCashEquivalentsRestrictedCashAndRestrictedCashEquivalentsIncludingDisposalGroupAndDiscontinuedOperations" xlink:to="us-gaap_CashCashEquivalentsRestrictedCashAndRestrictedCashEquivalentsIncludingDisposalGroupAndDiscontinuedOperations_3_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
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      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="ecd_ForgoneRecoveryIndName" xlink:to="ecd_ForgoneRecoveryIndName_2_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
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</XBRL>
</TEXT>
</DOCUMENT>
<DOCUMENT>
<TYPE>EX-101.PRE
<SEQUENCE>13
<FILENAME>ivda-20241231_pre.xml
<DESCRIPTION>XBRL PRESENTATION FILE
<TEXT>
<XBRL>
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<span style="display: none;">v3.25.2</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="id2">
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<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="2"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Cover - USD ($)<br></strong></div></th>
<th class="th" colspan="1">12 Months Ended</th>
<th class="th" colspan="1"></th>
<th class="th" colspan="1"></th>
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<tr>
<th class="th"><div>Dec. 31, 2024</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Mar. 31, 2025</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Sep. 30, 2024</div></th>
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<td class="text">The original filing of the Form 10-K for the period ended December 31, 2024 that was filed on April 15, 2025, reported the effect of certain
restatements on our previously filed financial statements for the year ending December 31, 2023. The purpose of this Amendment #1 to the
Form 10-K for the period ended December 31, 2024 is to include the impact of these restatements on the previously issued unaudited quarterly
financial statements for the interim periods during the fiscal years ending December 31, 2024 and 2023. The purpose of this amendment is to add the quarterly impact
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<td class="text">001-41345<span></span>
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<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityRegistrantName', window );">Entity Registrant Name</a></td>
<td class="text">IVEDA
SOLUTIONS, INC.<span></span>
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<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityCentralIndexKey', window );">Entity Central Index Key</a></td>
<td class="text">0001397183<span></span>
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<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityTaxIdentificationNumber', window );">Entity Tax Identification Number</a></td>
<td class="text">20-2222203<span></span>
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<td class="text">1744
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<td class="text">No<span></span>
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<td class="text">Non-accelerated Filer<span></span>
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<td class="nump">$ 0.00001<span></span>
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<td class="text">572<span></span>
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<td class="text">We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance
sheets of Iveda Solutions, Inc. (the &#8220;Company&#8221;) as of December 31, 2024 and 2023, the related consolidated statements of operations,
stockholders&#8217; equity, and cash flows for the years then ended, and the related notes (collectively referred to as the &#8220;consolidated
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then ended, in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America.<span></span>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Form 10-K<br> -Number 249<br> -Section 310<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Form 20-F<br> -Number 249<br> -Section 220<br> -Subsection f<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Form 40-F<br> -Number 249<br> -Section 240<br> -Subsection f<br></p></div>
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<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Form 10-K<br> -Number 249<br> -Section 310<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Form 20-F<br> -Number 249<br> -Section 220<br> -Subsection f<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Form 40-F<br> -Number 249<br> -Section 240<br> -Subsection f<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_AuditorLocation</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dei:internationalNameItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_AuditorName">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Form 10-K<br> -Number 249<br> -Section 310<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Form 20-F<br> -Number 249<br> -Section 220<br> -Subsection f<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Form 40-F<br> -Number 249<br> -Section 240<br> -Subsection f<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_AuditorName</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dei:internationalNameItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_AuditorOpinionTextBlock">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Regulation S-X<br> -Number 210<br> -Section 2<br> -Subsection 2<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_AuditorOpinionTextBlock</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dtr-types:textBlockItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_CityAreaCode">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Area code of city</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_CityAreaCode</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:normalizedStringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_CoverAbstract">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Cover page.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_CoverAbstract</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:stringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_CurrentFiscalYearEndDate">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>End date of current fiscal year in the format --MM-DD.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_CurrentFiscalYearEndDate</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:gMonthDayItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_DocumentAnnualReport">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Boolean flag that is true only for a form used as an annual report.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Form 10-K<br> -Number 249<br> -Section 310<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Form 20-F<br> -Number 249<br> -Section 220<br> -Subsection f<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Form 40-F<br> -Number 249<br> -Section 240<br> -Subsection f<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_DocumentAnnualReport</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:booleanItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_DocumentFinStmtErrorCorrectionFlag">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Indicates whether any of the financial statement period in the filing include a restatement due to error correction.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Regulation S-K<br> -Number 229<br> -Section 402<br> -Subsection w<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Form 10-K<br> -Number 249<br> -Section 310<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Form 20-F<br> -Number 249<br> -Section 220<br> -Subsection f<br><br>Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Form 40-F<br> -Number 249<br> -Section 240<br> -Subsection f<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_DocumentFinStmtErrorCorrectionFlag</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:booleanItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_DocumentFiscalPeriodFocus">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Fiscal period values are FY, Q1, Q2, and Q3. 1st, 2nd and 3rd quarter 10-Q or 10-QT statements have value Q1, Q2, and Q3 respectively, with 10-K, 10-KT or other fiscal year statements having FY.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_DocumentFiscalPeriodFocus</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dei:fiscalPeriodItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_DocumentFiscalYearFocus">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>This is focus fiscal year of the document report in YYYY format. For a 2006 annual report, which may also provide financial information from prior periods, fiscal 2006 should be given as the fiscal year focus. Example: 2006.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_DocumentFiscalYearFocus</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:gYearItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_DocumentPeriodEndDate">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>For the EDGAR submission types of Form 8-K: the date of the report, the date of the earliest event reported; for the EDGAR submission types of Form N-1A: the filing date; for all other submission types: the end of the reporting or transition period. The format of the date is YYYY-MM-DD.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_DocumentPeriodEndDate</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:dateItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_DocumentTransitionReport">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Boolean flag that is true only for a form used as a transition report.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Forms 10-K, 10-Q, 20-F<br> -Number 240<br> -Section 13<br> -Subsection a-1<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_DocumentTransitionReport</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:booleanItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_DocumentType">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The type of document being provided (such as 10-K, 10-Q, 485BPOS, etc). The document type is limited to the same value as the supporting SEC submission type, or the word 'Other'.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_DocumentType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dei:submissionTypeItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityAddressAddressLine1">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Address Line 1 such as Attn, Building Name, Street Name</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityAddressAddressLine1</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:normalizedStringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityAddressAddressLine2">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Address Line 2 such as Street or Suite number</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityAddressAddressLine2</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:normalizedStringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityAddressCityOrTown">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Name of the City or Town</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityAddressCityOrTown</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:normalizedStringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityAddressPostalZipCode">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Code for the postal or zip code</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityAddressPostalZipCode</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:normalizedStringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityAddressStateOrProvince">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Name of the state or province.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityAddressStateOrProvince</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dei:stateOrProvinceItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityCentralIndexKey">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>A unique 10-digit SEC-issued value to identify entities that have filed disclosures with the SEC. It is commonly abbreviated as CIK.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Exchange Act<br> -Number 240<br> -Section 12<br> -Subsection b-2<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityCentralIndexKey</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dei:centralIndexKeyItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityCommonStockSharesOutstanding">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Indicate number of shares or other units outstanding of each of registrant's classes of capital or common stock or other ownership interests, if and as stated on cover of related periodic report. Where multiple classes or units exist define each class/interest by adding class of stock items such as Common Class A [Member], Common Class B [Member] or Partnership Interest [Member] onto the Instrument [Domain] of the Entity Listings, Instrument.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityCommonStockSharesOutstanding</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:sharesItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityCurrentReportingStatus">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Indicate 'Yes' or 'No' whether registrants (1) have filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that registrants were required to file such reports), and (2) have been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. This information should be based on the registrant's current or most recent filing containing the related disclosure.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityCurrentReportingStatus</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dei:yesNoItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityEmergingGrowthCompany">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Indicate if registrant meets the emerging growth company criteria.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Exchange Act<br> -Number 240<br> -Section 12<br> -Subsection b-2<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityEmergingGrowthCompany</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:booleanItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityFileNumber">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Commission file number. The field allows up to 17 characters. The prefix may contain 1-3 digits, the sequence number may contain 1-8 digits, the optional suffix may contain 1-4 characters, and the fields are separated with a hyphen.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityFileNumber</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dei:fileNumberItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityFilerCategory">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Indicate whether the registrant is one of the following: Large Accelerated Filer, Accelerated Filer, Non-accelerated Filer. Definitions of these categories are stated in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act. This information should be based on the registrant's current or most recent filing containing the related disclosure.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Exchange Act<br> -Number 240<br> -Section 12<br> -Subsection b-2<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityFilerCategory</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dei:filerCategoryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityIncorporationStateCountryCode">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Two-character EDGAR code representing the state or country of incorporation.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityIncorporationStateCountryCode</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dei:edgarStateCountryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityInteractiveDataCurrent">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Boolean flag that is true when the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files).</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Regulation S-T<br> -Number 232<br> -Section 405<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityInteractiveDataCurrent</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dei:yesNoItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityListingParValuePerShare">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The par value per share of security quoted in same currency as Trading currency. Example: '0.01'.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityListingParValuePerShare</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dtr-types:perShareItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityPublicFloat">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The aggregate market value of the voting and non-voting common equity held by non-affiliates computed by reference to the price at which the common equity was last sold, or the average bid and asked price of such common equity, as of the last business day of the registrant's most recently completed second fiscal quarter.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityPublicFloat</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityRegistrantName">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The exact name of the entity filing the report as specified in its charter, which is required by forms filed with the SEC.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Exchange Act<br> -Number 240<br> -Section 12<br> -Subsection b-2<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityRegistrantName</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:normalizedStringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityShellCompany">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Boolean flag that is true when the registrant is a shell company as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Exchange Act<br> -Number 240<br> -Section 12<br> -Subsection b-2<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityShellCompany</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:booleanItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntitySmallBusiness">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Indicates that the company is a Smaller Reporting Company (SRC).</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Exchange Act<br> -Number 240<br> -Section 12<br> -Subsection b-2<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntitySmallBusiness</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:booleanItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityTaxIdentificationNumber">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The Tax Identification Number (TIN), also known as an Employer Identification Number (EIN), is a unique 9-digit value assigned by the IRS.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Exchange Act<br> -Number 240<br> -Section 12<br> -Subsection b-2<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityTaxIdentificationNumber</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dei:employerIdItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityVoluntaryFilers">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Indicate 'Yes' or 'No' if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or Section 15(d) of the Act.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityVoluntaryFilers</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dei:yesNoItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityWellKnownSeasonedIssuer">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Indicate 'Yes' or 'No' if the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act. Is used on Form Type: 10-K, 10-Q, 8-K, 20-F, 6-K, 10-K/A, 10-Q/A, 20-F/A, 6-K/A, N-CSR, N-Q, N-1A.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Securities Act<br> -Number 230<br> -Section 405<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityWellKnownSeasonedIssuer</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dei:yesNoItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_LocalPhoneNumber">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Local phone number for entity.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_LocalPhoneNumber</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:normalizedStringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_Security12gTitle">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Title of a 12(g) registered security.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Exchange Act<br> -Number 240<br> -Section 12<br> -Subsection g<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_Security12gTitle</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dei:securityTitleItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
</div>
</body>
</html>
</TEXT>
</DOCUMENT>
<DOCUMENT>
<TYPE>XML
<SEQUENCE>16
<FILENAME>R2.htm
<DESCRIPTION>IDEA: XBRL DOCUMENT
<TEXT>
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<head>
<title></title>
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<span style="display: none;">v3.25.2</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="id2">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="1"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Consolidated Balance Sheets<br></strong></div></th>
<th class="th">
<div>Dec. 31, 2024 </div>
<div>USD ($)</div>
</th>
<th class="th">
<div>Dec. 31, 2023 </div>
<div>USD ($)</div>
</th>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_AssetsCurrentAbstract', window );"><strong>CURRENT ASSETS</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_CashAndCashEquivalentsAtCarryingValue', window );">Cash and Cash Equivalents</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 2,629,287<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 4,738,504<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_RestrictedCash', window );">Restricted Cash</a></td>
<td class="nump">29,013<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">129,778<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_AccountsReceivableNetCurrent', window );">Accounts Receivable, Net</a></td>
<td class="nump">1,277,635<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">281,049<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DeferredCostsCurrent', window );">Deferred Cost of Goods</a></td>
<td class="nump">507,308<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_InventoryNet', window );">Inventory, Net</a></td>
<td class="nump">148,120<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">324,515<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_OtherAssetsCurrent', window );">Other Current Assets</a></td>
<td class="nump">435,052<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">435,581<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rou">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_AssetsCurrent', window );">Total Current Assets</a></td>
<td class="nump">5,026,415<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">5,909,427<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentNet', window );">PROPERTY AND EQUIPMENT, NET</a></td>
<td class="nump">68,677<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">98,575<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_OtherAssetsNoncurrent', window );">Other Assets</a></td>
<td class="nump">84,424<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">298,163<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="reu">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_Assets', window );">Total Assets</a></td>
<td class="nump">5,179,516<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">6,306,165<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_LiabilitiesCurrentAbstract', window );"><strong>CURRENT LIABILITIES</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_AccountsPayableAndOtherAccruedLiabilitiesCurrent', window );">Accounts and Other Payables</a></td>
<td class="nump">1,748,857<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">1,308,914<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ShortTermBorrowings', window );">Short Term Debt</a></td>
<td class="nump">427,025<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">348,771<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_LongTermDebtCurrent', window );">Current Portion of Long-Term Debt</a></td>
<td class="nump">122,007<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rou">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_LiabilitiesCurrent', window );">Total Current Liabilities</a></td>
<td class="nump">2,297,889<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">1,657,685<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_LongTermDebt', window );">LONG-TERM DEBT</a></td>
<td class="nump">376,188<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_StockholdersEquityAbstract', window );"><strong>STOCKHOLDERS&#8217; EQUITY</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_CommonStockValue', window );">Common Stock, $0.00001 par value; 300,000,000 shares authorized; 2,808,071 and 2,021,236 shares issued and outstanding as of December 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively</a></td>
<td class="nump">28<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">20<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_AdditionalPaidInCapital', window );">Additional Paid-In Capital</a></td>
<td class="nump">55,962,337<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">54,065,775<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_AccumulatedOtherComprehensiveIncomeLossNetOfTax', window );">Accumulated Comprehensive Loss</a></td>
<td class="num">(280,209)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(221,418)<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_RetainedEarningsAccumulatedDeficit', window );">Accumulated Deficit</a></td>
<td class="num">(53,176,717)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(49,195,897)<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="reu">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_StockholdersEquityIncludingPortionAttributableToNoncontrollingInterest', window );">Total Stockholders&#8217; Equity</a></td>
<td class="nump">2,505,439<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">4,648,480<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rou">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_LiabilitiesAndStockholdersEquity', window );">Total Liabilities and Stockholders&#8217; Equity</a></td>
<td class="nump">5,179,516<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">6,306,165<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis=us-gaap_SeriesBPreferredStockMember', window );">Series B Preferred Stock [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_StockholdersEquityAbstract', window );"><strong>STOCKHOLDERS&#8217; EQUITY</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_PreferredStockValue', window );">Series B Preferred Stock, $0.00001 par value; 500 shares authorized, no shares issued and outstanding as of December 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023.</a></td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<div style="display: none;">
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_AccountsPayableAndOtherAccruedLiabilitiesCurrent">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of liabilities incurred to vendors for goods and services received, and accrued liabilities classified as other, payable within one year or the normal operating cycle, if longer.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_AccountsPayableAndOtherAccruedLiabilitiesCurrent</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_AccountsReceivableNetCurrent">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount, after allowance for credit loss, of right to consideration from customer for product sold and service rendered in normal course of business, classified as current.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Topic 310<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147481990/310-10-45-2<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_AccountsReceivableNetCurrent</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_AccumulatedOtherComprehensiveIncomeLossNetOfTax">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount, after tax, of accumulated increase (decrease) in equity from transaction and other event and circumstance from nonowner source.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 220<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 14A<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482790/220-10-45-14A<br><br>Reference 2: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Topic 220<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 11<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482790/220-10-45-11<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 944<br> -SubTopic 40<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 65<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (g)(2)(ii)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480016/944-40-65-2<br><br>Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 944<br> -SubTopic 40<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 65<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (h)(2)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480016/944-40-65-2<br><br>Reference 5: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(30)(a)(4))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480566/210-10-S99-1<br><br>Reference 6: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 944<br> -SubTopic 210<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.7-03(a)(23)(a)(3))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147478777/944-210-S99-1<br><br>Reference 7: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 220<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 14<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482790/220-10-45-14<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_AccumulatedOtherComprehensiveIncomeLossNetOfTax</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_AdditionalPaidInCapital">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of excess of issue price over par or stated value of stock and from other transaction involving stock or stockholder. Includes, but is not limited to, additional paid-in capital (APIC) for common and preferred stock.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/exampleRef<br> -Topic 852<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 55<br> -Paragraph 10<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147481372/852-10-55-10<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Topic 946<br> -SubTopic 210<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.6-04(18))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147479170/946-210-S99-1<br><br>Reference 3: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(30)(a)(1))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480566/210-10-S99-1<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_AdditionalPaidInCapital</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_Assets">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of asset recognized for present right to economic benefit.</p></div>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_Assets</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_AssetsCurrent">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of asset recognized for present right to economic benefit, classified as current.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 810<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 3<br> -Subparagraph (bb)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147481203/810-10-50-3<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 810<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 25<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147481231/810-10-45-25<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 235<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.4-08(g)(1)(ii))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480678/235-10-S99-1<br><br>Reference 4: 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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_CashAndCashEquivalentsAtCarryingValue">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of currency on hand as well as demand deposits with banks or financial institutions. Includes other kinds of accounts that have the general characteristics of demand deposits. Also includes short-term, highly liquid investments that are both readily convertible to known amounts of cash and so near their maturity that they present insignificant risk of changes in value because of changes in interest rates. Excludes cash and cash equivalents within disposal group and discontinued operation.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(1))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480566/210-10-S99-1<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/exampleRef<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147483467/210-10-45-1<br><br>Reference 3: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 230<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 4<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482740/230-10-45-4<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_CashAndCashEquivalentsAtCarryingValue</td>
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<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
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<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
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<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Aggregate par or stated value of issued nonredeemable common stock (or common stock redeemable solely at the option of the issuer). This item includes treasury stock repurchased by the entity. Note: elements for number of nonredeemable common shares, par value and other disclosure concepts are in another section within stockholders' equity.</p></div>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_CommonStockValue</td>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_DeferredCostsCurrent">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Sum of the carrying amounts as of the balance sheet date of deferred costs capitalized at the end of the reporting period that are expected to be charged against earnings within one year or the normal operating cycle, if longer.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(8))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480566/210-10-S99-1<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount after valuation and LIFO reserves of inventory expected to be sold, or consumed within one year or operating cycle, if longer.</p></div>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of liabilities and equity items, including the portion of equity attributable to noncontrolling interests, if any.</p></div>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_LiabilitiesAndStockholdersEquity</td>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Total obligations incurred as part of normal operations that are expected to be paid during the following twelve months or within one business cycle, if longer.</p></div>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_LiabilitiesCurrentAbstract">
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<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
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<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount, after deduction of unamortized premium (discount) and debt issuance cost, of long-term debt. Excludes lease obligation.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(22))<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Topic 210<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480566/210-10-S99-1<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/exampleRef<br> -Topic 835<br> -SubTopic 30<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 55<br> -Paragraph 8<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482949/835-30-55-8<br><br>Reference 3: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Topic 942<br> -SubTopic 210<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.9-03(16))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147478546/942-210-S99-1<br><br>Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/exampleRef<br> -Topic 470<br> -SubTopic 20<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 55<br> -Paragraph 69B<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147481568/470-20-55-69B<br><br>Reference 5: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/exampleRef<br> -Topic 470<br> -SubTopic 20<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 55<br> -Paragraph 69C<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147481568/470-20-55-69C<br><br>Reference 6: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 470<br> -SubTopic 20<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 1D<br> -Subparagraph (b)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147481139/470-20-50-1D<br><br>Reference 7: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Topic 944<br> -SubTopic 210<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.7-03(a)(16)(a)(2))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147478777/944-210-S99-1<br><br>Reference 8: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 470<br> -SubTopic 20<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 4<br> -Subparagraph (b)(3)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147481139/470-20-50-4<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_LongTermDebt</td>
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<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
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<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
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<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
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</div></td></tr>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_LongTermDebtCurrent">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount, after deduction of unamortized premium (discount) and debt issuance cost, of long-term debt classified as current. Excludes lease obligation.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(20))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480566/210-10-S99-1<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_LongTermDebtCurrent</td>
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<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
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<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of current assets classified as other.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/exampleRef<br> -Topic 852<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 55<br> -Paragraph 10<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147481372/852-10-55-10<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(8))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480566/210-10-S99-1<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_OtherAssetsCurrent</td>
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<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
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<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of noncurrent assets classified as other.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(17))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480566/210-10-S99-1<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_OtherAssetsNoncurrent</td>
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<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
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<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
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</div></td></tr>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_PreferredStockValue">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Aggregate par or stated value of issued nonredeemable preferred stock (or preferred stock redeemable solely at the option of the issuer). This item includes treasury stock repurchased by the entity. Note: elements for number of nonredeemable preferred shares, par value and other disclosure concepts are in another section within stockholders' equity.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(28))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480566/210-10-S99-1<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/exampleRef<br> -Topic 852<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 55<br> -Paragraph 10<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147481372/852-10-55-10<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 944<br> -SubTopic 210<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.7-03(a)(21))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147478777/944-210-S99-1<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_PreferredStockValue</td>
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<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
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<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
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<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
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</div></td></tr>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentNet">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount after accumulated depreciation, depletion and amortization of physical assets used in the normal conduct of business to produce goods and services and not intended for resale. Examples include, but are not limited to, land, buildings, machinery and equipment, office equipment, and furniture and fixtures.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Topic 360<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482099/360-10-50-1<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 842<br> -SubTopic 20<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 7A<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147478964/842-20-50-7A<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/exampleRef<br> -Topic 852<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 55<br> -Paragraph 10<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147481372/852-10-55-10<br><br>Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 944<br> -SubTopic 210<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.7-03(a)(8))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147478777/944-210-S99-1<br><br>Reference 5: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 942<br> -SubTopic 360<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147478451/942-360-50-1<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentNet</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_RestrictedCash">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of cash restricted as to withdrawal or usage. Cash includes, but is not limited to, currency on hand, demand deposits with banks or financial institutions, and other accounts with general characteristics of demand deposits.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Topic 944<br> -SubTopic 210<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.7-03(a)(2))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147478777/944-210-S99-1<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(1))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480566/210-10-S99-1<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Topic 230<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 8<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482913/230-10-50-8<br><br>Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Topic 942<br> -SubTopic 210<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.9-03(1)(a))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147478546/942-210-S99-1<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_RestrictedCash</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_RetainedEarningsAccumulatedDeficit">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of accumulated undistributed earnings (deficit).</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(30)(a)(3))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480566/210-10-S99-1<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/exampleRef<br> -Topic 852<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 55<br> -Paragraph 10<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147481372/852-10-55-10<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 944<br> -SubTopic 40<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 65<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (g)(2)(i)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480016/944-40-65-2<br><br>Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 944<br> -SubTopic 40<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 65<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (h)(2)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480016/944-40-65-2<br><br>Reference 5: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 946<br> -SubTopic 20<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 11<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480990/946-20-50-11<br><br>Reference 6: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 944<br> -SubTopic 210<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.7-03(a)(23)(a)(4))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147478777/944-210-S99-1<br><br>Reference 7: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 946<br> -SubTopic 210<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.6-04(17))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147479170/946-210-S99-1<br><br>Reference 8: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Topic 505<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.3-04)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480008/505-10-S99-1<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_RetainedEarningsAccumulatedDeficit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_ShortTermBorrowings">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Reflects the total carrying amount as of the balance sheet date of debt having initial terms less than one year or the normal operating cycle, if longer.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(19)(a))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480566/210-10-S99-1<br><br>Reference 2: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Topic 942<br> -SubTopic 210<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.9-03(13))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147478546/942-210-S99-1<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/exampleRef<br> -Topic 852<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 55<br> -Paragraph 10<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147481372/852-10-55-10<br><br>Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Topic 944<br> -SubTopic 210<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.7-03(a)(16)(a)(1))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147478777/944-210-S99-1<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ShortTermBorrowings</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_StockholdersEquityAbstract">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_StockholdersEquityAbstract</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:stringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_StockholdersEquityIncludingPortionAttributableToNoncontrollingInterest">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of equity (deficit) attributable to parent and noncontrolling interest. Excludes temporary equity.</p></div>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_StockholdersEquityIncludingPortionAttributableToNoncontrollingInterest</td>
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<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis=us-gaap_SeriesBPreferredStockMember</td>
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<span style="display: none;">v3.25.2</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="id2">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="1"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Consolidated Balance Sheets (Parenthetical) - $ / shares<br></strong></div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Dec. 31, 2024</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Dec. 31, 2023</div></th>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_PreferredStockParOrStatedValuePerShare', window );">Preferred Stock, par value</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 0.00001<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 0.00001<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_PreferredStockSharesAuthorized', window );">Preferred stock, shares authorized</a></td>
<td class="nump">12,500,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">12,500,000<span></span>
</td>
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<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_CommonStockParOrStatedValuePerShare', window );">Common stock, par value</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 0.00001<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 0.00001<span></span>
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<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_CommonStockSharesAuthorized', window );">Common stock, shares authorized</a></td>
<td class="nump">300,000,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">300,000,000<span></span>
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<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_CommonStockSharesIssued', window );">Common stock, shares issued</a></td>
<td class="nump">2,808,071<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">2,021,236<span></span>
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<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_CommonStockSharesOutstanding', window );">Common stock, shares outstanding</a></td>
<td class="nump">2,808,071<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">2,021,236<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis=us-gaap_SeriesBPreferredStockMember', window );">Series B Preferred Stock [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_PreferredStockParOrStatedValuePerShare', window );">Preferred Stock, par value</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 0.00001<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 0.00001<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_PreferredStockSharesAuthorized', window );">Preferred stock, shares authorized</a></td>
<td class="nump">500<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">500<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_PreferredStockSharesIssued', window );">Preferred stock, shares issued</a></td>
<td class="nump">0<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">0<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_PreferredStockSharesOutstanding', window );">Preferred stock, shares outstanding</a></td>
<td class="nump">0<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">0<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<div style="display: none;">
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_CommonStockParOrStatedValuePerShare">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Face amount or stated value per share of common stock.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(29))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480566/210-10-S99-1<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_CommonStockParOrStatedValuePerShare</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dtr-types:perShareItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_CommonStockSharesAuthorized">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The maximum number of common shares permitted to be issued by an entity's charter and bylaws.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(29))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480566/210-10-S99-1<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 946<br> -SubTopic 210<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.6-04(16)(a))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147479170/946-210-S99-1<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_CommonStockSharesAuthorized</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:sharesItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_CommonStockSharesIssued">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Total number of common shares of an entity that have been sold or granted to shareholders (includes common shares that were issued, repurchased and remain in the treasury). These shares represent capital invested by the firm's shareholders and owners, and may be all or only a portion of the number of shares authorized. Shares issued include shares outstanding and shares held in the treasury.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(29))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480566/210-10-S99-1<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_CommonStockSharesIssued</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:sharesItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_CommonStockSharesOutstanding">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Number of shares of common stock outstanding. Common stock represent the ownership interest in a corporation.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Topic 505<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147481112/505-10-50-2<br><br>Reference 2: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(29))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480566/210-10-S99-1<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 946<br> -SubTopic 210<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.6-05(4))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147479170/946-210-S99-2<br><br>Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Topic 946<br> -SubTopic 220<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 3<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.6-09(4)(b))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147479134/946-220-S99-3<br><br>Reference 5: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 946<br> -SubTopic 210<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.6-04(16)(a))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147479170/946-210-S99-1<br><br>Reference 6: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Topic 946<br> -SubTopic 220<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 3<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.6-09(7))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147479134/946-220-S99-3<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_CommonStockSharesOutstanding</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:sharesItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_PreferredStockParOrStatedValuePerShare">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Face amount or stated value per share of preferred stock nonredeemable or redeemable solely at the option of the issuer.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(28))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480566/210-10-S99-1<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 505<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 13<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147481112/505-10-50-13<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_PreferredStockParOrStatedValuePerShare</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dtr-types:perShareItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_PreferredStockSharesAuthorized">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The maximum number of nonredeemable preferred shares (or preferred stock redeemable solely at the option of the issuer) permitted to be issued by an entity's charter and bylaws.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(28))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480566/210-10-S99-1<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 946<br> -SubTopic 210<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.6-04(16)(a))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147479170/946-210-S99-1<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_PreferredStockSharesAuthorized</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:sharesItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_PreferredStockSharesIssued">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Number of shares issued for nonredeemable preferred shares and preferred shares redeemable solely at option of issuer. Includes, but is not limited to, preferred shares issued, repurchased, and held as treasury shares. Excludes preferred shares classified as debt.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(28))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480566/210-10-S99-1<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 505<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 13<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147481112/505-10-50-13<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_PreferredStockSharesIssued</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:sharesItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_PreferredStockSharesOutstanding">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Aggregate share number for all nonredeemable preferred stock (or preferred stock redeemable solely at the option of the issuer) held by stockholders. Does not include preferred shares that have been repurchased.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(28))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480566/210-10-S99-1<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 946<br> -SubTopic 210<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.6-05(4))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147479170/946-210-S99-2<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Topic 946<br> -SubTopic 220<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 3<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.6-09(4)(b))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147479134/946-220-S99-3<br><br>Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 946<br> -SubTopic 210<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.6-04(16)(a))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147479170/946-210-S99-1<br><br>Reference 5: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Topic 946<br> -SubTopic 220<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 3<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.6-09(7))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147479134/946-220-S99-3<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_PreferredStockSharesOutstanding</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:sharesItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis=us-gaap_SeriesBPreferredStockMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis=us-gaap_SeriesBPreferredStockMember</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
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<span style="display: none;">v3.25.2</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="id2">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="2"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Consolidated Statements of Operations - USD ($)<br></strong></div></th>
<th class="th" colspan="2">12 Months Ended</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="th"><div>Dec. 31, 2024</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Dec. 31, 2023</div></th>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_RevenuesAbstract', window );"><strong>REVENUE</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_RevenueFromContractWithCustomerExcludingAssessedTax', window );">TOTAL REVENUE</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 6,020,639<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 6,495,865<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_CostOfRevenue', window );">COST OF REVENUE</a></td>
<td class="nump">4,719,005<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">5,428,261<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rou">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_GrossProfit', window );">GROSS PROFIT</a></td>
<td class="nump">1,301,634<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">1,067,604<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_OperatingExpensesAbstract', window );"><strong>OPERATING EXPENSES</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_SellingGeneralAndAdministrativeExpense', window );">General &amp; Administrative</a></td>
<td class="nump">5,008,587<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">4,311,367<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ResearchAndDevelopmentExpense', window );">Research and Development</a></td>
<td class="nump">363,350<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">797,112<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rou">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_OperatingExpenses', window );">Total Operating Expenses</a></td>
<td class="nump">5,371,937<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">5,108,479<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="reu">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_OperatingIncomeLoss', window );">LOSS FROM OPERATIONS</a></td>
<td class="num">(4,070,303)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(4,040,875)<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_NonoperatingIncomeExpenseAbstract', window );"><strong>OTHER INCOME (EXPENSE)</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_OtherNonoperatingIncomeExpense', window );">Miscellaneous Income (Expense)</a></td>
<td class="nump">34,323<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(28,099)<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_GainLossOnInvestments', window );">Loss from investment in Iveda Phils JV</a></td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(180,000)<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_InvestmentIncomeInterest', window );">Interest Income</a></td>
<td class="nump">113,728<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">131,870<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_InterestExpenseNonoperating', window );">Interest Expense</a></td>
<td class="num">(26,183)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(7,254)<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="reu">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_NonoperatingIncomeExpense', window );">Total Other Income (Expense)</a></td>
<td class="nump">121,868<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(83,483)<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rou">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_IncomeLossFromContinuingOperationsBeforeIncomeTaxesExtraordinaryItemsNoncontrollingInterest', window );">LOSS BEFORE INCOME TAXES</a></td>
<td class="num">(3,948,435)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(4,124,358)<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_IncomeTaxExpenseBenefit', window );">BENEFIT (PROVISION) FOR INCOME TAXES</a></td>
<td class="num">(32,385)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(18,308)<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rou">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_NetIncomeLoss', window );">NET LOSS</a></td>
<td class="num">$ (3,980,820)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">$ (4,142,666)<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_EarningsPerShareBasic', window );">BASIC LOSS PER SHARE</a></td>
<td class="num">$ (1.81)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">$ (2.07)<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_EarningsPerShareDiluted', window );">DILUTED LOSS PER SHARE</a></td>
<td class="num">$ (1.81)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">$ (2.07)<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_WeightedAverageNumberOfSharesOutstandingBasic', window );">BASIC WEIGHTED AVERAGE SHARES</a></td>
<td class="nump">2,203,893<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">1,996,678<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_WeightedAverageNumberOfDilutedSharesOutstanding', window );">DILUTED WEIGHTED AVERAGE SHARES</a></td>
<td class="nump">2,203,893<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">1,996,678<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_srt_ProductOrServiceAxis=IVDA_EquipmentSalesMember', window );">Equipment Sales [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_RevenuesAbstract', window );"><strong>REVENUE</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_RevenueFromContractWithCustomerExcludingAssessedTax', window );">TOTAL REVENUE</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 5,592,395<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 6,052,298<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_srt_ProductOrServiceAxis=IVDA_ServiceRevenueMember', window );">Service Revenue [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_RevenuesAbstract', window );"><strong>REVENUE</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_RevenueFromContractWithCustomerExcludingAssessedTax', window );">TOTAL REVENUE</a></td>
<td class="nump">428,244<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">443,567<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_srt_ProductOrServiceAxis=IVDA_OtherRevenueMember', window );">Other Revenue [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_RevenuesAbstract', window );"><strong>REVENUE</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_RevenueFromContractWithCustomerExcludingAssessedTax', window );">TOTAL REVENUE</a></td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<div style="display: none;">
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_CostOfRevenue">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The aggregate cost of goods produced and sold and services rendered during the reporting period.</p></div>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_CostOfRevenue</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_EarningsPerShareBasic">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The amount of net income (loss) for the period per each share of common stock or unit outstanding during the reporting period.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 250<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 6<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147483443/250-10-50-6<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/exampleRef<br> -Topic 260<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 55<br> -Paragraph 52<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482635/260-10-55-52<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 805<br> -SubTopic 60<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 65<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (g)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147476176/805-60-65-1<br><br>Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 740<br> -SubTopic 323<br> -Name 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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_EarningsPerShareBasic</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dtr-types:perShareItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_EarningsPerShareDiluted">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The amount of net income (loss) for the period available to each share of common stock or common unit outstanding during the reporting period and to each share or unit that would have been outstanding assuming the issuance of common shares or units for all dilutive potential common shares or units outstanding during the reporting period.</p></div>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_EarningsPerShareDiluted</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dtr-types:perShareItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_GainLossOnInvestments">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of realized and unrealized gain (loss) on investment.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Topic 220<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-03(9)(a))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147483621/220-10-S99-2<br><br>Reference 2: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Topic 220<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-03(7)(c))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147483621/220-10-S99-2<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/recommendedDisclosureRef<br> -Topic 230<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 28<br> -Subparagraph (b)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482740/230-10-45-28<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_GainLossOnInvestments</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_GrossProfit">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Aggregate revenue less cost of goods and services sold or operating expenses directly attributable to the revenue generation activity.</p></div>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_GrossProfit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_IncomeLossFromContinuingOperationsBeforeIncomeTaxesExtraordinaryItemsNoncontrollingInterest">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of income (loss) from continuing operations, including income (loss) from equity method investments, before deduction of income tax expense (benefit), and income (loss) attributable to noncontrolling interest.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Topic 280<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 22<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482810/280-10-50-22<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/exampleRef<br> -Topic 280<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 55<br> -Paragraph 48<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482785/280-10-55-48<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Topic 280<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 32<br> -Subparagraph (f)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482810/280-10-50-32<br><br>Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Topic 280<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 30<br> -Subparagraph (b)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482810/280-10-50-30<br><br>Reference 5: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Topic 270<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (i)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482964/270-10-50-1<br><br>Reference 6: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Topic 280<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 32<br> -Subparagraph (ee)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482810/280-10-50-32<br><br>Reference 7: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/otherTransitionRef<br> -Topic 280<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 32<br> -Subparagraph (c)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482810/280-10-50-32<br><br>Reference 8: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 944<br> -SubTopic 220<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.7-04(11))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147477250/944-220-S99-1<br><br>Reference 9: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/exampleRef<br> -Topic 280<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 31<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482810/280-10-50-31<br><br>Reference 10: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 942<br> -SubTopic 235<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.9-05(b)(2))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147477314/942-235-S99-1<br><br>Reference 11: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Topic 220<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-03(10))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147483621/220-10-S99-2<br><br>Reference 12: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Topic 942<br> -SubTopic 220<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.9-04(15))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147478524/942-220-S99-1<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_IncomeLossFromContinuingOperationsBeforeIncomeTaxesExtraordinaryItemsNoncontrollingInterest</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_IncomeTaxExpenseBenefit">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of current income tax expense (benefit) and deferred income tax expense (benefit) pertaining to continuing operations.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 270<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (i)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482964/270-10-50-1<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 280<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 32<br> -Subparagraph (ee)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482810/280-10-50-32<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 740<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 12<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482685/740-10-50-12<br><br>Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/exampleRef<br> -Topic 740<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 55<br> -Paragraph 231<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482663/740-10-55-231<br><br>Reference 5: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 250<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 9<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147483443/250-10-50-9<br><br>Reference 6: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 740<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SAB Topic 6.I.7)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147479360/740-10-S99-1<br><br>Reference 7: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 250<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 8<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147483443/250-10-50-8<br><br>Reference 8: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 740<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 10<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482685/740-10-50-10<br><br>Reference 9: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 280<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 22<br> -Subparagraph (h)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482810/280-10-50-22<br><br>Reference 10: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 944<br> -SubTopic 220<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.7-04(9))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147477250/944-220-S99-1<br><br>Reference 11: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -SubTopic 20<br> -Topic 740<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482659/740-20-45-2<br><br>Reference 12: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.4-08(h))<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Topic 235<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480678/235-10-S99-1<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_IncomeTaxExpenseBenefit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_InterestExpenseNonoperating">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of interest expense classified as nonoperating.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 280<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 22<br> -Subparagraph (d)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482810/280-10-50-22<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Topic 220<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-03)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147483621/220-10-S99-2<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_InterestExpenseNonoperating</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_InvestmentIncomeInterest">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount before accretion (amortization) of purchase discount (premium) of interest income on nonoperating securities.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 280<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 22<br> -Subparagraph (c)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482810/280-10-50-22<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/exampleRef<br> -Topic 280<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 55<br> -Paragraph 48<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482785/280-10-55-48<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Topic 220<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-03(7)(b))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147483621/220-10-S99-2<br><br>Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 270<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (i)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482964/270-10-50-1<br><br>Reference 5: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 280<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 32<br> -Subparagraph (ee)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482810/280-10-50-32<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_InvestmentIncomeInterest</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_NetIncomeLoss">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The portion of profit or loss for the period, net of income taxes, which is attributable to the parent.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 250<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 6<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147483443/250-10-50-6<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 250<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 9<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147483443/250-10-50-9<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 805<br> -SubTopic 60<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 65<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (g)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147476176/805-60-65-1<br><br>Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 740<br> -SubTopic 323<br> -Name 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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_NetIncomeLoss</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_NonoperatingIncomeExpense">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The aggregate amount of income or expense from ancillary business-related activities (that is to say, excluding major activities considered part of the normal operations of the business).</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Topic 220<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-03(7))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147483621/220-10-S99-2<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_NonoperatingIncomeExpense</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_NonoperatingIncomeExpenseAbstract">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_NonoperatingIncomeExpenseAbstract</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_OperatingExpenses">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Generally recurring costs associated with normal operations except for the portion of these expenses which can be clearly related to production and included in cost of sales or services. Includes selling, general and administrative expense.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_OperatingExpenses</td>
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<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
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<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_OperatingExpensesAbstract">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_OperatingExpensesAbstract</td>
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<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
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<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
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<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
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</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_OperatingIncomeLoss">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The net result for the period of deducting operating expenses from operating revenues.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Topic 280<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 22<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482810/280-10-50-22<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Topic 280<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 32<br> -Subparagraph (f)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482810/280-10-50-32<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Topic 280<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 30<br> -Subparagraph (b)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482810/280-10-50-30<br><br>Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Topic 270<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (i)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482964/270-10-50-1<br><br>Reference 5: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Topic 280<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 32<br> -Subparagraph (ee)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482810/280-10-50-32<br><br>Reference 6: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/otherTransitionRef<br> -Topic 280<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 32<br> -Subparagraph (c)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482810/280-10-50-32<br><br>Reference 7: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/exampleRef<br> -Topic 280<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 31<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482810/280-10-50-31<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_OperatingIncomeLoss</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_OtherNonoperatingIncomeExpense">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of income (expense) related to nonoperating activities, classified as other.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Topic 220<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-03(9))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147483621/220-10-S99-2<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_OtherNonoperatingIncomeExpense</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_ResearchAndDevelopmentExpense">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of expense for research and development. Includes, but is not limited to, cost for computer software product to be sold, leased, or otherwise marketed and writeoff of research and development assets acquired in transaction other than business combination or joint venture formation or both. Excludes write-down of intangible asset acquired in business combination or from joint venture formation or both, used in research and development activity.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/exampleRef<br> -Topic 280<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 55<br> -Paragraph 48<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482785/280-10-55-48<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 985<br> -SubTopic 20<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147481283/985-20-50-2<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 730<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482916/730-10-50-1<br><br>Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Topic 912<br> -SubTopic 730<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 25<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147479532/912-730-25-1<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ResearchAndDevelopmentExpense</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
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<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_RevenueFromContractWithCustomerExcludingAssessedTax">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount, excluding tax collected from customer, of revenue from satisfaction of performance obligation by transferring promised good or service to customer. Tax collected from customer is tax assessed by governmental authority that is both imposed on and concurrent with specific revenue-producing transaction, including, but not limited to, sales, use, value added and excise.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 280<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 41<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482810/280-10-50-41<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 270<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (i)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482964/270-10-50-1<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 280<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 32<br> -Subparagraph (ee)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482810/280-10-50-32<br><br>Reference 4: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/otherTransitionRef<br> -Topic 280<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 32<br> -Subparagraph (b)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482810/280-10-50-32<br><br>Reference 5: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/otherTransitionRef<br> -Topic 280<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 32<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482810/280-10-50-32<br><br>Reference 6: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 924<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SAB Topic 11.L)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147479941/924-10-S99-1<br><br>Reference 7: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 606<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 5<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147479806/606-10-50-5<br><br>Reference 8: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 280<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 30<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482810/280-10-50-30<br><br>Reference 9: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 280<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 42<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482810/280-10-50-42<br><br>Reference 10: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 280<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 22<br> -Subparagraph (b)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482810/280-10-50-22<br><br>Reference 11: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 280<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 40<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482810/280-10-50-40<br><br>Reference 12: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 280<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 22<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482810/280-10-50-22<br><br>Reference 13: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 606<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 4<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147479806/606-10-50-4<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_RevenueFromContractWithCustomerExcludingAssessedTax</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_RevenuesAbstract">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_RevenuesAbstract</td>
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<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
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<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:stringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_SellingGeneralAndAdministrativeExpense">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The aggregate total costs related to selling a firm's product and services, as well as all other general and administrative expenses. Direct selling expenses (for example, credit, warranty, and advertising) are expenses that can be directly linked to the sale of specific products. Indirect selling expenses are expenses that cannot be directly linked to the sale of specific products, for example telephone expenses, Internet, and postal charges. General and administrative expenses include salaries of non-sales personnel, rent, utilities, communication, etc.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Topic 220<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-03(4))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147483621/220-10-S99-2<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_SellingGeneralAndAdministrativeExpense</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_WeightedAverageNumberOfDilutedSharesOutstanding">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The average number of shares or units issued and outstanding that are used in calculating diluted EPS or earnings per unit (EPU), determined based on the timing of issuance of shares or units in the period.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 260<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482662/260-10-50-1<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 260<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 16<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482689/260-10-45-16<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
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<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
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</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_WeightedAverageNumberOfSharesOutstandingBasic">
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<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Number of [basic] shares or units, after adjustment for contingently issuable shares or units and other shares or units not deemed outstanding, determined by relating the portion of time within a reporting period that common shares or units have been outstanding to the total time in that period.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 260<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482662/260-10-50-1<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 260<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 10<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482689/260-10-45-10<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_WeightedAverageNumberOfSharesOutstandingBasic</td>
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<tr>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
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<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
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<span style="display: none;">v3.25.2</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="id2">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="2"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Comprehensive Loss - USD ($)<br></strong></div></th>
<th class="th" colspan="2">12 Months Ended</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="th"><div>Dec. 31, 2024</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Dec. 31, 2023</div></th>
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<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_IncomeStatementAbstract', window );"><strong>Income Statement [Abstract]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
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<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
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<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_NetIncomeLoss', window );">Net Loss</a></td>
<td class="num">$ (3,980,820)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">$ (4,142,666)<span></span>
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<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_OtherComprehensiveIncomeLossBeforeTaxPeriodIncreaseDecreaseAbstract', window );"><strong>Other Comprehensive Loss</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
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<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_OtherComprehensiveIncomeLossForeignCurrencyTransactionAndTranslationAdjustmentNetOfTax', window );">Foreign Currency Translation, Net of Tax</a></td>
<td class="num">(58,792)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(775)<span></span>
</td>
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<tr class="reu">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ComprehensiveIncomeNetOfTax', window );">Comprehensive Loss</a></td>
<td class="num">$ (4,039,612)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">$ (4,143,441)<span></span>
</td>
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<div style="display: none;">
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_ComprehensiveIncomeNetOfTax">
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<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount after tax of increase (decrease) in equity from transactions and other events and circumstances from net income and other comprehensive income, attributable to parent entity. Excludes changes in equity resulting from investments by owners and distributions to owners.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 220<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-03(24))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147483621/220-10-S99-2<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 942<br> -SubTopic 220<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.9-04(26))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147478524/942-220-S99-1<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 944<br> -SubTopic 220<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.7-04(22))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147477250/944-220-S99-1<br><br>Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 220<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 1A<br> -Subparagraph (c)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482790/220-10-45-1A<br><br>Reference 5: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 220<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 1B<br> -Subparagraph (b)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482790/220-10-45-1B<br><br>Reference 6: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 944<br> -SubTopic 220<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.7-04(20))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147477250/944-220-S99-1<br><br>Reference 7: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 220<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 5<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482790/220-10-45-5<br></p></div>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
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<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The portion of profit or loss for the period, net of income taxes, which is attributable to the parent.</p></div>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_NetIncomeLoss</td>
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<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_OtherComprehensiveIncomeLossBeforeTaxPeriodIncreaseDecreaseAbstract</td>
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<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
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<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_OtherComprehensiveIncomeLossForeignCurrencyTransactionAndTranslationAdjustmentNetOfTax">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount after tax and reclassification adjustments of gain (loss) on foreign currency translation adjustments, foreign currency transactions designated and effective as economic hedges of a net investment in a foreign entity and intra-entity foreign currency transactions that are of a long-term-investment nature.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 10A<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Topic 220<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482790/220-10-45-10A<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 944<br> -SubTopic 220<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.7-04(19))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147477250/944-220-S99-1<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_OtherComprehensiveIncomeLossForeignCurrencyTransactionAndTranslationAdjustmentNetOfTax</td>
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<span style="display: none;">v3.25.2</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="id2">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="1"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Condensed Consolidated Statements of Stockholders' Equity - USD ($)<br></strong></div></th>
<th class="th">
<div>Previously Reported [Member] </div>
<div>Common Stock [Member]</div>
</th>
<th class="th">
<div>Previously Reported [Member] </div>
<div>Additional Paid-in Capital [Member]</div>
</th>
<th class="th">
<div>Previously Reported [Member] </div>
<div>Retained Earnings [Member]</div>
</th>
<th class="th">
<div>Previously Reported [Member] </div>
<div>AOCI Attributable to Parent [Member]</div>
</th>
<th class="th"><div>Previously Reported [Member]</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Common Stock [Member]</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Additional Paid-in Capital [Member]</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Retained Earnings [Member]</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>AOCI Attributable to Parent [Member]</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Total</div></th>
</tr>
<tr class="rc">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_StockholdersEquityIncludingPortionAttributableToNoncontrollingInterest', window );">BALANCE at Dec. 31, 2022</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 19<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 52,497,045<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">$ (44,706,671)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">$ (220,643)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 7,569,750<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 19<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 52,497,045<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">$ (45,053,231)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">$ (220,643)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 7,223,190<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rc">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_SharesOutstanding', window );">BALANCE, shares at Dec. 31, 2022</a></td>
<td class="nump">1,883,342<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">1,883,342<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_IVDA_DeferredIncomeTaxEffectsToEquityPriorPeriodAdjustment', window );">Prior Period Adjustments</a></td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">$ (346,560)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(346,560)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_IVDA_StockIssuedDuringPeriodValueStockWarrantsExercised', window );">Exercise of warrants issued August 2022</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 1<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">1,322,884<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 1,322,885<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_IVDA_StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesStockWarrantsExercised', window );">Exercise of warrants issued August 2022, shares</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">118,238<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">118,238<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_AdjustmentsToAdditionalPaidInCapitalWarrantIssued', window );">Warrants issued for services</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">2,700<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 2,700<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodValueIssuedForServices', window );">Common Stock for Services</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">138,546<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 138,546<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesIssuedForServices', window );">Common Stock for Services, shares</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">19,656<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">19,656<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_AdjustmentsToAdditionalPaidInCapitalSharebasedCompensationRequisiteServicePeriodRecognitionValue', window );">Stock Option Compensation</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">104,600<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 104,600<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_NetIncomeLoss', window );">Net Loss</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">$ (3,235,124)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(4,142,666)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(4,142,666)<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_OtherComprehensiveIncomeLossNetOfTax', window );">Comprehensive Loss</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(775)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(775)<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rc">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_StockholdersEquityIncludingPortionAttributableToNoncontrollingInterest', window );">BALANCE at Dec. 31, 2023</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 20<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">54,065,775<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(49,195,897)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(221,418)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">4,648,480<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rc">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_SharesOutstanding', window );">BALANCE, shares at Dec. 31, 2023</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">2,021,236<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodValueIssuedForServices', window );">Common Stock for Services</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">90,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 90,000<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesIssuedForServices', window );">Common Stock for Services, shares</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">12,500<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">12,500<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_AdjustmentsToAdditionalPaidInCapitalSharebasedCompensationRequisiteServicePeriodRecognitionValue', window );">Stock Option Compensation</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">122,600<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 122,600<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_NetIncomeLoss', window );">Net Loss</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(3,980,820)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(3,980,820)<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_OtherComprehensiveIncomeLossNetOfTax', window );">Comprehensive Loss</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(58,791)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(58,791)<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodValueNewIssues', window );">Common Stock Issued in September Direct Offering (including Pre-Funded Warrants sold and exercised</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 6<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">1,683,964<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">1,683,970<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesNewIssues', window );">Common Stock Issued in September Offering, shares</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">625,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_IVDA_StockIssuedDuringReverseSplitFractionalSharesValue', window );">Reverse Split fractional shares</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 2<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(2)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_IVDA_StockIssuedDuringReverseSplitFractionalShares', window );">Reverse Split fractional shares, shares</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">149,335<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rc">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_StockholdersEquityIncludingPortionAttributableToNoncontrollingInterest', window );">BALANCE at Dec. 31, 2024</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 28<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 55,962,337<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">$ (53,176,717)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">$ (280,209)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 2,505,439<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rc">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_SharesOutstanding', window );">BALANCE, shares at Dec. 31, 2024</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">2,808,071<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<div style="display: none;">
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_IVDA_DeferredIncomeTaxEffectsToEquityPriorPeriodAdjustment">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Deferred income tax effects to equity prior period adjustment.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">IVDA_DeferredIncomeTaxEffectsToEquityPriorPeriodAdjustment</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>IVDA_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_IVDA_StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesStockWarrantsExercised">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Stock Issued During Period Shares Stock Warrants Exercised.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">IVDA_StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesStockWarrantsExercised</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>IVDA_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:sharesItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_IVDA_StockIssuedDuringPeriodValueStockWarrantsExercised">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Stock issued during period value stock warrants exercised.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">IVDA_StockIssuedDuringPeriodValueStockWarrantsExercised</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>IVDA_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_IVDA_StockIssuedDuringReverseSplitFractionalShares">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Stock issued during reverse split fractional shares.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">IVDA_StockIssuedDuringReverseSplitFractionalShares</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>IVDA_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:sharesItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_IVDA_StockIssuedDuringReverseSplitFractionalSharesValue">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Stock issued during reverse split fractional shares value.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">IVDA_StockIssuedDuringReverseSplitFractionalSharesValue</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>IVDA_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_AdjustmentsToAdditionalPaidInCapitalSharebasedCompensationRequisiteServicePeriodRecognitionValue">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of increase to additional paid-in capital (APIC) for recognition of cost for award under share-based payment arrangement.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 718<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 35<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480483/718-10-35-2<br><br>Reference 2: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 718<br> -SubTopic 20<br> -Section 55<br> -Paragraph 13<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147481089/718-20-55-13<br><br>Reference 3: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 718<br> -SubTopic 20<br> -Section 55<br> -Paragraph 12<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147481089/718-20-55-12<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_AdjustmentsToAdditionalPaidInCapitalSharebasedCompensationRequisiteServicePeriodRecognitionValue</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_AdjustmentsToAdditionalPaidInCapitalWarrantIssued">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of increase in additional paid in capital (APIC) resulting from the issuance of warrants. Includes allocation of proceeds of debt securities issued with detachable stock purchase warrants.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Topic 505<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147481112/505-10-50-2<br><br>Reference 2: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Topic 505<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.3-04)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480008/505-10-S99-1<br><br>Reference 3: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 470<br> -SubTopic 20<br> -Section 25<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147481284/470-20-25-2<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_AdjustmentsToAdditionalPaidInCapitalWarrantIssued</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_NetIncomeLoss">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The portion of profit or loss for the period, net of income taxes, which is attributable to the parent.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 250<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 6<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147483443/250-10-50-6<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 250<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 9<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147483443/250-10-50-9<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 805<br> -SubTopic 60<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 65<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (g)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147476176/805-60-65-1<br><br>Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 740<br> -SubTopic 323<br> -Name 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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_NetIncomeLoss</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_OtherComprehensiveIncomeLossNetOfTax">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount after tax and reclassification adjustments of other comprehensive income (loss).</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Topic 505<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147481112/505-10-50-2<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 250<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 6<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147483443/250-10-50-6<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 830<br> -SubTopic 30<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147481674/830-30-50-1<br><br>Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 830<br> -SubTopic 30<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 17<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147481694/830-30-45-17<br><br>Reference 5: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 944<br> -SubTopic 220<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.7-04(19))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147477250/944-220-S99-1<br><br>Reference 6: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Topic 220<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 4<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482765/220-10-50-4<br><br>Reference 7: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Topic 220<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 5<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482765/220-10-50-5<br><br>Reference 8: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 830<br> -SubTopic 30<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 20<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147481694/830-30-45-20<br><br>Reference 9: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 220<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-03(21))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147483621/220-10-S99-2<br><br>Reference 10: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 942<br> -SubTopic 220<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.9-04(23))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147478524/942-220-S99-1<br><br>Reference 11: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 220<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 1B<br> -Subparagraph (b)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482790/220-10-45-1B<br><br>Reference 12: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 55<br> -Paragraph 15<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Topic 220<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482739/220-10-55-15<br><br>Reference 13: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 220<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 1A<br> -Subparagraph (b)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482790/220-10-45-1A<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_OtherComprehensiveIncomeLossNetOfTax</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_SharesOutstanding">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Number of shares issued which are neither cancelled nor held in the treasury.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_SharesOutstanding</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:sharesItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesIssuedForServices">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Number of shares issued in lieu of cash for services contributed to the entity. Number of shares includes, but is not limited to, shares issued for services contributed by vendors and founders.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesIssuedForServices</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:sharesItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesNewIssues">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Number of new stock issued during the period.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Topic 505<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147481112/505-10-50-2<br><br>Reference 2: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(28))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480566/210-10-S99-1<br><br>Reference 3: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(29))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480566/210-10-S99-1<br><br>Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 946<br> -SubTopic 505<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147478448/946-505-50-2<br><br>Reference 5: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 946<br> -SubTopic 220<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 3<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.6-09(4)(b))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147479134/946-220-S99-3<br><br>Reference 6: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 946<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 3<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.6-03(i)(1))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147479886/946-10-S99-3<br><br>Reference 7: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Topic 505<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.3-04)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480008/505-10-S99-1<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
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</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
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<tr>
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<tr>
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</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodValueIssuedForServices">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Value of stock issued in lieu of cash for services contributed to the entity. Value of the stock issued includes, but is not limited to, services contributed by vendors and founders.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
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<tr>
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<tr>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
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<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Equity impact of the value of new stock issued during the period. Includes shares issued in an initial public offering or a secondary public offering.</p></div>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodValueNewIssues</td>
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<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
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<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
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<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of equity (deficit) attributable to parent and noncontrolling interest. Excludes temporary equity.</p></div>
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45<br> -Paragraph 15<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147481231/810-10-45-15<br><br>Reference 47: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 810<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 16<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147481231/810-10-45-16<br><br>Reference 48: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 810<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 55<br> -Paragraph 4I<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147481175/810-10-55-4I<br><br>Reference 49: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 350<br> -SubTopic 60<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 65<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (b)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147476166/350-60-65-1<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_StockholdersEquityIncludingPortionAttributableToNoncontrollingInterest</td>
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<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
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<span style="display: none;">v3.25.2</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="id2">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="1"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Condensed Consolidated Statements of Stockholders' Equity (Parenthetical)<br></strong></div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Sep. 17, 2024</div></th>
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<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_StatementOfStockholdersEquityAbstract', window );"><strong>Statement of Stockholders' Equity [Abstract]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
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<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_StockholdersEquityReverseStockSplit', window );">Reverse stock split</a></td>
<td class="text">1-for-8<span></span>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Description of the reverse stock split arrangement. Also provide the retroactive effect given by the reverse split that occurs after the balance sheet date but before the release of financial statements.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Topic 505<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 4<br> -Subparagraph (SAB Topic 4.C)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480008/505-10-S99-4<br></p></div>
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<span style="display: none;">v3.25.2</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="id2">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="2"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows - USD ($)<br></strong></div></th>
<th class="th" colspan="2">12 Months Ended</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="th"><div>Dec. 31, 2024</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Dec. 31, 2023</div></th>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInOperatingActivitiesAbstract', window );"><strong>CASH FLOWS FROM OPERATING ACTIVITIES</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_NetIncomeLoss', window );">Net Loss</a></td>
<td class="num">$ (3,980,820)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">$ (4,142,666)<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_AdjustmentsToReconcileNetIncomeLossToCashProvidedByUsedInOperatingActivitiesAbstract', window );"><strong>Adjustments to Reconcile Net Loss to Net Cash Used by Operating Activities</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DepreciationDepletionAndAmortization', window );">Depreciation and Amortization</a></td>
<td class="nump">31,805<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">19,753<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensation', window );">Stock Option Compensation</a></td>
<td class="nump">122,600<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">104,600<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_IVDA_CommonStockWarrantsIssuedForServices', window );">Common Stock Warrants Issued for Services</a></td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">2,700<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_IVDA_CommonStockIssuedForServices', window );">Common Stock issued for Services</a></td>
<td class="nump">90,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">138,546<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_IncomeLossFromEquityMethodInvestments', window );">Loss from Iveda Phils Joint Venture</a></td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">180,000<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInOperatingCapitalAbstract', window );"><strong>(Increase) Decrease in Operating Assets</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInAccountsReceivable', window );">Accounts Receivable</a></td>
<td class="num">(996,586)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">930,803<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInDeferredCharges', window );">Deferred Cost of Goods</a></td>
<td class="num">(507,308)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInInventories', window );">Inventory</a></td>
<td class="nump">176,395<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">199,124<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInOtherCurrentAssets', window );">Other Current Assets</a></td>
<td class="nump">528<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(66,995)<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInOtherNoncurrentAssets', window );">Other Assets</a></td>
<td class="nump">203,693<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(175,592)<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInOtherAccountsPayable', window );">Increase (Decrease) in Accounts and Other Payables</a></td>
<td class="nump">439,945<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(523,633)<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rou">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInOperatingActivities', window );">Net Cash Used in Operating Activities</a></td>
<td class="num">(4,419,748)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(3,333,360)<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInInvestingActivitiesAbstract', window );"><strong>CASH FLOWS FROM INVESTING ACTIVITIES</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_PaymentsToAcquireOtherPropertyPlantAndEquipment', window );">Purchase of Property and Equipment</a></td>
<td class="num">(2,608)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(85,593)<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_PaymentsToAcquireEquitySecuritiesFvNi', window );">Investment in Iveda Phils Joint Venture</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(180,000)<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rou">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInInvestingActivities', window );">Net Cash Used in Investing Activities</a></td>
<td class="num">(2,608)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(265,593)<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInFinancingActivitiesAbstract', window );"><strong>CASH FLOWS FROM FINANCING ACTIVITIES</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ProceedsFromRepaymentsOfShortTermDebt', window );">Proceeds from (Payments on) Short-Term Notes Payable/Debt</a></td>
<td class="nump">78,254<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(47,554)<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ProceedsFromRepaymentsOfNotesPayable', window );">Proceeds from (Payments to) Long-Term Debt</a></td>
<td class="nump">498,195<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(251,498)<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ProceedsFromIssuanceOfCommonStock', window );">Common Stock Issued, Net of (Cost of Capital)</a></td>
<td class="nump">1,683,970<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">1,322,885<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="reu">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInFinancingActivities', window );">Net Cash Provided by Financing Activities</a></td>
<td class="nump">2,260,419<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">1,023,833<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_EffectOfExchangeRateOnCashCashEquivalentsRestrictedCashAndRestrictedCashEquivalentsIncludingDisposalGroupAndDiscontinuedOperations', window );">EFFECT OF EXCHANGE RATE CHANGES ON CASH</a></td>
<td class="num">(48,045)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">1,780<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="reu">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_CashCashEquivalentsRestrictedCashAndRestrictedCashEquivalentsPeriodIncreaseDecreaseIncludingExchangeRateEffect', window );">NET INCREASE (DECREASE) IN CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS</a></td>
<td class="num">(2,209,982)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(2,573,340)<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_CashCashEquivalentsRestrictedCashAndRestrictedCashEquivalentsIncludingDisposalGroupAndDiscontinuedOperations', window );">Cash and Cash Equivalents- Beginning of Period</a></td>
<td class="nump">4,868,282<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">7,441,622<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_CashCashEquivalentsRestrictedCashAndRestrictedCashEquivalentsIncludingDisposalGroupAndDiscontinuedOperations', window );">CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS - END OF PERIOD</a></td>
<td class="nump">2,658,300<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">4,868,282<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_SupplementalCashFlowInformationAbstract', window );"><strong>SUPPLEMENTAL DISCLOSURE OF CASH FLOW INFORMATION</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_InterestPaidNet', window );">Interest Paid</a></td>
<td class="nump">15,316<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">9,793<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_IncomeTaxesPaidNet', window );">Income Tax Paid</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 38,544<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 28,779<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<div style="display: none;">
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_IVDA_CommonStockIssuedForServices">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Common stock issued for services.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">IVDA_CommonStockIssuedForServices</td>
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<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_IVDA_CommonStockWarrantsIssuedForServices">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Common stock warrants issued for services.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">IVDA_CommonStockWarrantsIssuedForServices</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>IVDA_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_AdjustmentsToReconcileNetIncomeLossToCashProvidedByUsedInOperatingActivitiesAbstract">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_AdjustmentsToReconcileNetIncomeLossToCashProvidedByUsedInOperatingActivitiesAbstract</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:stringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_CashCashEquivalentsRestrictedCashAndRestrictedCashEquivalentsIncludingDisposalGroupAndDiscontinuedOperations">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of cash and cash equivalents, and cash and cash equivalents restricted to withdrawal or usage; including, but not limited to, disposal group and discontinued operations. Cash includes, but is not limited to, currency on hand, demand deposits with banks or financial institutions, and other accounts with general characteristics of demand deposits. Cash equivalents include, but are not limited to, short-term, highly liquid investments that are both readily convertible to known amounts of cash and so near their maturity that they present insignificant risk of changes in value because of changes in interest rates.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 230<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 8<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482913/230-10-50-8<br><br>Reference 2: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Topic 230<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 24<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482740/230-10-45-24<br><br>Reference 3: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 230<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 4<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482740/230-10-45-4<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_CashCashEquivalentsRestrictedCashAndRestrictedCashEquivalentsIncludingDisposalGroupAndDiscontinuedOperations</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_CashCashEquivalentsRestrictedCashAndRestrictedCashEquivalentsPeriodIncreaseDecreaseIncludingExchangeRateEffect">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of increase (decrease) in cash, cash equivalents, and cash and cash equivalents restricted to withdrawal or usage; including effect from exchange rate change. Cash includes, but is not limited to, currency on hand, demand deposits with banks or financial institutions, and other accounts with general characteristics of demand deposits. Cash equivalents include, but are not limited to, short-term, highly liquid investments that are both readily convertible to known amounts of cash and so near their maturity that they present insignificant risk of changes in value because of changes in interest rates.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Topic 230<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 24<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482740/230-10-45-24<br><br>Reference 2: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -SubTopic 230<br> -Topic 830<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147477401/830-230-45-1<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_CashCashEquivalentsRestrictedCashAndRestrictedCashEquivalentsPeriodIncreaseDecreaseIncludingExchangeRateEffect</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_DepreciationDepletionAndAmortization">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The aggregate expense recognized in the current period that allocates the cost of tangible assets, intangible assets, or depleting assets to periods that benefit from use of the assets.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 28<br> -Subparagraph (b)<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Topic 230<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482740/230-10-45-28<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/exampleRef<br> -Topic 280<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 55<br> -Paragraph 48<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482785/280-10-55-48<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/exampleRef<br> -Topic 280<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 55<br> -Paragraph 49<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482785/280-10-55-49<br><br>Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 270<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (i)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482964/270-10-50-1<br><br>Reference 5: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 280<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 32<br> -Subparagraph (ee)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482810/280-10-50-32<br><br>Reference 6: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 280<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 22<br> -Subparagraph (e)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482810/280-10-50-22<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_DepreciationDepletionAndAmortization</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_EffectOfExchangeRateOnCashCashEquivalentsRestrictedCashAndRestrictedCashEquivalentsIncludingDisposalGroupAndDiscontinuedOperations">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of increase (decrease) from effect of exchange rate changes on cash and cash equivalents, and cash and cash equivalents restricted to withdrawal or usage; held in foreign currencies; including, but not limited to, disposal group and discontinued operations. Cash includes, but is not limited to, currency on hand, demand deposits with banks or financial institutions, and other accounts with general characteristics of demand deposits. Cash equivalents include, but are not limited to, short-term, highly liquid investments that are both readily convertible to known amounts of cash and so near their maturity that they present insignificant risk of changes in value because of changes in interest rates.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Topic 830<br> -SubTopic 230<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147477401/830-230-45-1<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_EffectOfExchangeRateOnCashCashEquivalentsRestrictedCashAndRestrictedCashEquivalentsIncludingDisposalGroupAndDiscontinuedOperations</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_IncomeLossFromEquityMethodInvestments">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of income (loss) for proportionate share of equity method investee's income (loss).</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 28<br> -Subparagraph (b)<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Topic 230<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482740/230-10-45-28<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 270<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (i)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482964/270-10-50-1<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 280<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 32<br> -Subparagraph (ee)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482810/280-10-50-32<br><br>Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 944<br> -SubTopic 220<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.7-04(10))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147477250/944-220-S99-1<br><br>Reference 5: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 323<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147481664/323-10-45-1<br><br>Reference 6: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 280<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 22<br> -Subparagraph (g)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482810/280-10-50-22<br><br>Reference 7: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Topic 220<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-03(12))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147483621/220-10-S99-2<br><br>Reference 8: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Topic 942<br> -SubTopic 220<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.9-04(13)(f))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147478524/942-220-S99-1<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_IncomeLossFromEquityMethodInvestments</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_IncomeTaxesPaidNet">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount, after refund, of cash paid to foreign, federal, state, and local jurisdictions as income tax.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 230<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2A<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482913/230-10-50-2A<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 740<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 23<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482685/740-10-50-23<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 740<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 22<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482685/740-10-50-22<br><br>Reference 4: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 230<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482913/230-10-50-2<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_IncomeTaxesPaidNet</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInAccountsReceivable">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The increase (decrease) during the reporting period in amount due within one year (or one business cycle) from customers for the credit sale of goods and services.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 28<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Topic 230<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482740/230-10-45-28<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInAccountsReceivable</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInDeferredCharges">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The increase (decrease) during the reporting period in the value of expenditures made during the current reporting period for benefits that will be received over a period of years. Deferred charges differ from prepaid expenses in that they usually extend over a long period of time and may or may not be regularly recurring costs of operation.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 28<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Topic 230<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482740/230-10-45-28<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInDeferredCharges</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInInventories">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The increase (decrease) during the reporting period in the aggregate value of all inventory held by the reporting entity, associated with underlying transactions that are classified as operating activities.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 28<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Topic 230<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482740/230-10-45-28<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInInventories</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInOperatingCapitalAbstract">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInOperatingCapitalAbstract</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:stringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInOtherAccountsPayable">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of increase (decrease) in obligations classified as other, payable within one year or the normal operating cycle, if longer.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 28<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Topic 230<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482740/230-10-45-28<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInOtherAccountsPayable</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInOtherCurrentAssets">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of increase (decrease) in current assets classified as other.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Topic 230<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 28<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482740/230-10-45-28<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInOtherCurrentAssets</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInOtherNoncurrentAssets">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of increase (decrease) in noncurrent assets classified as other.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Topic 230<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 28<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482740/230-10-45-28<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInOtherNoncurrentAssets</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_InterestPaidNet">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of cash paid for interest, excluding capitalized interest, classified as operating activity. Includes, but is not limited to, payment to settle zero-coupon bond for accreted interest of debt discount and debt instrument with insignificant coupon interest rate in relation to effective interest rate of borrowing attributable to accreted interest of debt discount.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 230<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 17<br> -Subparagraph (d)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482740/230-10-45-17<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 230<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 25<br> -Subparagraph (e)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482740/230-10-45-25<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 230<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482913/230-10-50-2<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_InterestPaidNet</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInFinancingActivities">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of cash inflow (outflow) from financing activities, including discontinued operations. Financing activity cash flows include obtaining resources from owners and providing them with a return on, and a return of, their investment; borrowing money and repaying amounts borrowed, or settling the obligation; and obtaining and paying for other resources obtained from creditors on long-term credit.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 230<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 24<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482740/230-10-45-24<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInFinancingActivities</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInFinancingActivitiesAbstract">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInFinancingActivitiesAbstract</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:stringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInInvestingActivities">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of cash inflow (outflow) from investing activities, including discontinued operations. Investing activity cash flows include making and collecting loans and acquiring and disposing of debt or equity instruments and property, plant, and equipment and other productive assets.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 230<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 24<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482740/230-10-45-24<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInInvestingActivities</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInInvestingActivitiesAbstract">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInInvestingActivitiesAbstract</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:stringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInOperatingActivities">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of cash inflow (outflow) from operating activities, including discontinued operations. Operating activity cash flows include transactions, adjustments, and changes in value not defined as investing or financing activities.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Topic 230<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 28<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482740/230-10-45-28<br><br>Reference 2: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Topic 230<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 24<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482740/230-10-45-24<br><br>Reference 3: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Topic 230<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 25<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482740/230-10-45-25<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInOperatingActivities</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInOperatingActivitiesAbstract">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInOperatingActivitiesAbstract</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:stringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_NetIncomeLoss">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The portion of profit or loss for the period, net of income taxes, which is attributable to the parent.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 250<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 6<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147483443/250-10-50-6<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 250<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 9<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147483443/250-10-50-9<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 805<br> -SubTopic 60<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 65<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (g)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147476176/805-60-65-1<br><br>Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 740<br> -SubTopic 323<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 65<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (g)(3)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147478666/740-323-65-2<br><br>Reference 5: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Topic 220<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-03(20))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147483621/220-10-S99-2<br><br>Reference 6: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 235<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.4-08(g)(1)(ii))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480678/235-10-S99-1<br><br>Reference 7: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 323<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 3<br> -Subparagraph (c)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI 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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_NetIncomeLoss</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_PaymentsToAcquireEquitySecuritiesFvNi">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of cash outflow to acquire investment in equity security measured at fair value with change in fair value recognized in net income (FV-NI), classified as investing activity.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 230<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 19<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482740/230-10-45-19<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Topic 321<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147479567/321-10-45-1<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_PaymentsToAcquireEquitySecuritiesFvNi</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_PaymentsToAcquireOtherPropertyPlantAndEquipment">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of cash outflow from the acquisition of or improvements to long-lived, physical assets used to produce goods and services and not intended for resale, classified as other.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Topic 230<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 13<br> -Subparagraph (c)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482740/230-10-45-13<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_PaymentsToAcquireOtherPropertyPlantAndEquipment</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_ProceedsFromIssuanceOfCommonStock">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The cash inflow from the additional capital contribution to the entity.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 14<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Topic 230<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482740/230-10-45-14<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ProceedsFromIssuanceOfCommonStock</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_ProceedsFromRepaymentsOfNotesPayable">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of cash inflow (outflow) from long-term debt supported by a written promise to pay an obligation.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ProceedsFromRepaymentsOfNotesPayable</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_ProceedsFromRepaymentsOfShortTermDebt">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The net cash inflow or outflow for borrowing having initial term of repayment within one year or the normal operating cycle, if longer.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ProceedsFromRepaymentsOfShortTermDebt</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensation">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of noncash expense for share-based payment arrangement.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 28<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Topic 230<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482740/230-10-45-28<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensation</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
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<span style="display: none;">v3.25.2</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="id2">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="2"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Pay vs Performance Disclosure - USD ($)<br></strong></div></th>
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</tr>
<tr>
<th class="th"><div>Dec. 31, 2024</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Dec. 31, 2023</div></th>
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<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
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<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Regulation S-K<br> -Number 229<br> -Section 402<br> -Subsection v<br> -Paragraph 1<br></p></div>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The portion of profit or loss for the period, net of income taxes, which is attributable to the parent.</p></div>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
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<span style="display: none;">v3.25.2</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="id2">
<tr>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Regulation S-K<br> -Number 229<br> -Section 408<br> -Subsection a<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
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<span style="display: none;">v3.25.2</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="id2">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="2"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Cybersecurity Risk Management and Strategy Disclosure<br></strong></div></th>
<th class="th" colspan="1">12 Months Ended</th>
</tr>
<tr><th class="th"><div>Dec. 31, 2024</div></th></tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_cyd_CybersecurityRiskManagementStrategyAndGovernanceAbstract', window );"><strong>Cybersecurity Risk Management, Strategy, and Governance [Abstract]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_cyd_CybersecurityRiskManagementProcessesForAssessingIdentifyingAndManagingThreatsTextBlock', window );">Cybersecurity Risk Management Processes for Assessing, Identifying, and Managing Threats [Text Block]</a></td>
<td class="text"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>Cybersecurity
Risk Management and Strategy</b></span>&#160;<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">We
recognize the importance of assessing, identifying, and managing material risks associated with cybersecurity threats, as such term is
defined in Item 106(a) of Regulation S-K. These risks include, among other things: operational risks, intellectual property theft, fraud,
extortion, harm to employees or customers and violation of data privacy or security laws.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><span class="xdx_phnt_RGlzY2xvc3VyZSAtIEN5YmVyc2VjdXJpdHkgUmlzayBNYW5hZ2VtZW50IGFuZCBTdHJhdGVneSBEaXNjbG9zdXJlAA__" id="xdx_909_ecyd--CybersecurityRiskMateriallyAffectedOrReasonablyLikelyToMateriallyAffectRegistrantTextBlock_c20240101__20241231_ztd1S1g67Dy2">We
do <span class="xdx_phnt_RGlzY2xvc3VyZSAtIEN5YmVyc2VjdXJpdHkgUmlzayBNYW5hZ2VtZW50IGFuZCBTdHJhdGVneSBEaXNjbG9zdXJlAA__" id="xdx_905_ecyd--CybersecurityRiskMateriallyAffectedOrReasonablyLikelyToMateriallyAffectRegistrantFlag_dbF_c20240101__20241231_zbwLjuS8wqNh">no</span>t presently have any general processes for assessing, identifying, and managing material risks from cybersecurity threats.</span> <span class="xdx_phnt_RGlzY2xvc3VyZSAtIEN5YmVyc2VjdXJpdHkgUmlzayBNYW5hZ2VtZW50IGFuZCBTdHJhdGVneSBEaXNjbG9zdXJlAA__" id="xdx_900_ecyd--CybersecurityRiskManagementProcessesIntegratedTextBlock_c20240101__20241231_zohjeG1JhA7a">As we
expand our business operations, we plan to develop processes that will allow for the identification and assessment of cybersecurity risk
that will be <span class="xdx_phnt_RGlzY2xvc3VyZSAtIEN5YmVyc2VjdXJpdHkgUmlzayBNYW5hZ2VtZW50IGFuZCBTdHJhdGVneSBEaXNjbG9zdXJlAA__" id="xdx_905_ecyd--CybersecurityRiskManagementProcessesIntegratedFlag_dbT_c20240101__20241231_ze679nNaIzp6">integrated</span> into an overall risk management system, which will be managed by senior management and overseen by the Board
of Directors.</span> As part of this development, we plan to identify and address cybersecurity risks related to our business, privacy and compliance
issues through a multi-faceted approach that is expected to include third party assessments, internal information technology (IT) audit,
IT security, governance, risk and compliance reviews. In connection with these planned approaches, and to defend, detect and respond
to cybersecurity incidents, we, among other things, will consider: conducting proactive privacy and cybersecurity reviews of systems
and applications, audits of applicable data policies, performing penetration testing using external third-party tools and techniques
to test security controls, conducting employee training, monitoring emerging laws and regulations related to data protection and information
security, and implementing appropriate changes.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">As
part of the above planned processes, we may engage external auditors and consultants with expertise in cybersecurity to assess our internal
cybersecurity programs and compliance with applicable practices and standards.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">We
plan to design our risk management program to also assesses third party risks, and we plan to perform third-party risk management to
identify and mitigate risks from <span class="xdx_phnt_RGlzY2xvc3VyZSAtIEN5YmVyc2VjdXJpdHkgUmlzayBNYW5hZ2VtZW50IGFuZCBTdHJhdGVneSBEaXNjbG9zdXJlAA__" id="xdx_900_ecyd--CybersecurityRiskManagementThirdPartyEngagedFlag_dbT_c20240101__20241231_z6O7o51omNHh">third parties</span>, such as vendors, suppliers, and other business partners associated with our use of third-party
service providers. In addition to new vendor onboarding, we plan to perform risk management during third-party cybersecurity compromise
incidents to identify and mitigate risks to us from third-party incidents.</span></p>

&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_cyd_CybersecurityRiskManagementProcessesIntegratedFlag', window );">Cybersecurity Risk Management Processes Integrated [Flag]</a></td>
<td class="text">true<span></span>
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<td class="text">As we
expand our business operations, we plan to develop processes that will allow for the identification and assessment of cybersecurity risk
that will be <span class="xdx_phnt_RGlzY2xvc3VyZSAtIEN5YmVyc2VjdXJpdHkgUmlzayBNYW5hZ2VtZW50IGFuZCBTdHJhdGVneSBEaXNjbG9zdXJlAA__" id="xdx_905_ecyd--CybersecurityRiskManagementProcessesIntegratedFlag_dbT_c20240101__20241231_ze679nNaIzp6">integrated</span> into an overall risk management system, which will be managed by senior management and overseen by the Board
of Directors.<span></span>
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<td class="text">true<span></span>
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<td class="text">We
do <span class="xdx_phnt_RGlzY2xvc3VyZSAtIEN5YmVyc2VjdXJpdHkgUmlzayBNYW5hZ2VtZW50IGFuZCBTdHJhdGVneSBEaXNjbG9zdXJlAA__" id="xdx_905_ecyd--CybersecurityRiskMateriallyAffectedOrReasonablyLikelyToMateriallyAffectRegistrantFlag_dbF_c20240101__20241231_zbwLjuS8wqNh">no</span>t presently have any general processes for assessing, identifying, and managing material risks from cybersecurity threats.<span></span>
</td>
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<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_cyd_CybersecurityRiskBoardOfDirectorsOversightTextBlock', window );">Cybersecurity Risk Board of Directors Oversight [Text Block]</a></td>
<td class="text"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>Cybersecurity
Governance</b></span>&#160;<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">We
expect that cybersecurity will become an important part of our risk management processes and an area of focus for our Board of Directors
and management. <span class="xdx_phnt_RGlzY2xvc3VyZSAtIEN5YmVyc2VjdXJpdHkgUmlzayBNYW5hZ2VtZW50IGFuZCBTdHJhdGVneSBEaXNjbG9zdXJlAA__" id="xdx_901_ecyd--CybersecurityRiskBoardCommitteeOrSubcommitteeResponsibleForOversightTextBlock_c20240101__20241231_zi52hbMgphpe">We expect that our Board of Directors will be responsible for the oversight of risks from cybersecurity threats. We expect
our senior management will provide our Board of Directors updates on a quarterly basis regarding matters of cybersecurity.</span> This is expected
to include existing and new cybersecurity risks, status on how management is addressing and/or mitigating those risks, cybersecurity
and data privacy incidents (if any) and status on key information security initiatives. We expect that our Board members will also engage
in periodic conversations with management on cybersecurity-related news events and discuss any updates to our cybersecurity risk management
and strategy programs.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><span class="xdx_phnt_RGlzY2xvc3VyZSAtIEN5YmVyc2VjdXJpdHkgUmlzayBNYW5hZ2VtZW50IGFuZCBTdHJhdGVneSBEaXNjbG9zdXJlAA__" id="xdx_901_ecyd--CybersecurityRiskManagementPositionsOrCommitteesResponsibleReportToBoardFlag_dbT_c20240101__20241231_z3aWZd4oZdTl">Currently,
our Chief Financial Officer is expected to lead our cybersecurity risk assessment and management processes and oversees their implementation
and maintenance.</span> Our Chief Financial Officer will be tasked with staying informed about, and monitoring the prevention, mitigation, detection
and remediation of cybersecurity incidents through his management of, and participation in, the cybersecurity risk management and strategy
processes we plan to develop and as described above, including the operation of an incident response plan, and report to the Board of
Directors on any appropriate items.</span></p>

&#160;<span></span>
</td>
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<td class="text">We expect that our Board of Directors will be responsible for the oversight of risks from cybersecurity threats. We expect
our senior management will provide our Board of Directors updates on a quarterly basis regarding matters of cybersecurity.<span></span>
</td>
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<span style="display: none;">v3.25.2</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="id2">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="2"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES<br></strong></div></th>
<th class="th" colspan="1">12 Months Ended</th>
</tr>
<tr><th class="th"><div>Dec. 31, 2024</div></th></tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_AccountingPoliciesAbstract', window );"><strong>Accounting Policies [Abstract]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_SignificantAccountingPoliciesTextBlock', window );">SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES</a></td>
<td class="text"><p id="xdx_80D_eus-gaap--SignificantAccountingPoliciesTextBlock_zV1GXTpa4R2h" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>NOTE
1 <span><span id="xdx_82C_zV3vufKDkUX4">SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES</span></span></b></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify">Iveda Solutions, Inc. (&#8220;Iveda&#8221;, or the &#8220;Company&#8221;) was incorporated in Nevada as Charmed Homes, Inc. in June 2006.
On October 15, 2009, IntelaSight, d/b/a Iveda, a Washington corporation, became a wholly owned subsidiary of the Company. In December
2010, IntelaSight merged with and into the Company and the Company became the surviving company. Iveda offered the first cloud hosting
of streaming and recorded video from security cameras for its customers and real-time remote surveillance service utilizing intervention
specialists to watch our customers&#8217; cameras in real time, 24/7. Iveda offers smart city technologies globally, offering advanced
AI-driven video surveillance solutions and a robust suite of Internet of Things (IoT) platforms that power digital transformation for
cities and commercial clients worldwide.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p>

<p id="xdx_84B_eus-gaap--ConsolidationPolicyTextBlock_zYDDrMxFe3aj" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b><span style="text-decoration: underline"><span id="xdx_864_zgKN078iu6lf">Consolidation</span></span></b></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Effective
April 30, 2011, we completed our acquisition of Sole Vision Technologies (fka MEGAsys and dba Iveda Taiwan), a company based in Taiwan.
We consolidate our financial statements with the financial statements of Iveda Taiwan. All intercompany balances and transactions have
been eliminated in consolidation.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p id="xdx_84A_ecustom--GoingConcernPolicyTextBlock_zShAgHbnStOd" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b><span style="text-decoration: underline">Going
Concern</span></b></span></p>
<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
accompanying consolidated financial statements have been prepared in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the
United States of America, which contemplates the continuation of the Company as a going concern. The Company experienced net losses and
negative operating cash flows during the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023. These factors raise substantial doubt about the Company&#8217;s
ability to continue as a going concern.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">At
December 31, 2024, the Company had cash on hand in the amount of $<span id="xdx_900_eus-gaap--Cash_iI_c20241231_zNHAWgF151v4" title="Cash on hand">2,658,300</span>. Management does not expect that its current liquidity
will support operations from a date of twelve months from the issuance of this financial statement. As a result, management has concluded
that there is substantial doubt about the Company&#8217;s ability to continue as a going concern. The accompanying consolidated financial
statements do not include any adjustments relating to the recoverability and classification of recorded assets, or the amounts and classification
of liabilities that might be necessary in the event the company cannot continue as a going concern.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
continuation of the Company as a going concern is dependent upon its ability to obtain necessary debt or equity financing to continue
operations until it begins generating positive cash flow. No assurance can be given that any future financing will be available or, if
available, that it will be on terms that are satisfactory to the Company. Even if the Company is able to obtain additional financing,
it may contain undue restrictions on our operations in the case of debt financing, or cause substantial dilution for our stockholders,
in case of equity financing.</span></p>
<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"></span></p>

<p id="xdx_84C_eus-gaap--ImpairmentOrDisposalOfLongLivedAssetsPolicyTextBlock_zsiXg14kbshb" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p id="xdx_846_eus-gaap--BasisOfAccountingPolicyPolicyTextBlock_zhRpjLjwFsha" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b><span style="text-decoration: underline"><span id="xdx_86B_zxyfPiS6TaK7">Basis
of Accounting</span></span></b></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Our
consolidated financial statements have been prepared on the accrual basis of accounting in conformity with accounting principles generally
accepted in the United States of America.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p id="xdx_849_eus-gaap--UseOfEstimates_zZDe8llPXhV4" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b><span style="text-decoration: underline"><span id="xdx_868_zHWIbrach7kg">Use
of Estimates</span></span></b></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
preparation of financial statements in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America
requires us to make estimates and assumptions that affect the amounts reported in the financial statements and accompanying notes. </span>Accordingly,
actual results could differ from those estimates. On an ongoing basis, we evaluate our estimates, including those related to
accounts receivable, deferred cost of revenue, share-based compensation, deferred income taxes, provisions for losses, and inventory
reserve, among other items.</p>
<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p id="xdx_845_eus-gaap--UtilityRevenueAndExpenseRecognitionPolicy_zO37TSCFGdAl" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b><span style="text-decoration: underline"><span id="xdx_869_z2TnMVuxGOF6">Revenue
and Expense Recognition</span></span></b></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
Company applies the provisions of Accounting Standards Codification (ASC) 606-10, <i>Revenue from Contracts with Customers</i>, and all
related appropriate guidance. The Company recognizes revenue under the core principle to depict the transfer of control to its customers
in an amount reflecting the consideration to which it expects to be entitled. In order to achieve that core principle, the Company applies
the following five-step approach: (1) identify the contract with a customer, (2) identify the performance obligations in the contract,
(3) determine the transaction price, (4) allocate the transaction price to the performance obligations in the contract, and (5) recognize
revenue when a performance obligation is satisfied.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
Company considers customer purchase orders, which in some cases are governed by master sales agreements, to be the contracts with
the customer. In situations where sales are to a distributor, the Company had concluded its contracts are with the distributor as
the Company holds a contract bearing enforceable rights and obligations only with the distributor. As part of its consideration for
the contract, the Company evaluates certain factors including the customers&#8217; ability to pay (or credit risk). For each
contract, the Company considers the promise to transfer products, each of which is distinct, to be the identified performance
obligations. In determining the transaction price, the Company evaluates whether the price is subject to refund or adjustment to
determine the net consideration to which it expects to be entitled. As the Company&#8217;s standard payment terms are less than one
year, it has elected the practical expedient under ASC 606-10-32-18 to not assess whether a contract has a significant financing
component. The Company allocates the transaction price to each distinct product based on its relative standalone selling price. The
product price as specified on the purchase order is considered the standalone selling price as it is an observable input which
depicts the price as if sold to a similar customer in similar circumstances. Revenue is recognized when control of the product is
transferred to the customer (<i>i.e.</i>, when the Company&#8217;s performance obligations is satisfied), which typically occurs at
shipment unless installation is required as with certain of our Taiwan sales &#8211; see below. Further in determining whether control has been transferred, the Company considers if there is a present right to payment
and legal title, along with risks and rewards of ownership having transferred to the customer. Customers do not have a right to
return the product other than for warranty reasons for which they would only receive repair services or replacement product. The
Company has also elected the practical expedient under ASC 340-40-25-4 to expense commissions for product sales when incurred as the
amortization period of the commission asset the Company would have otherwise recognized is less than one year.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>




<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
Company sells its products and services primarily to municipalities and commercial customers in the following manner:</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
    majority of Iveda Taiwan sales are project sales to Taiwan customers and are made direct to the end customer (typically a municipality
    or a commercial customer) through its sales force, which is composed of its employees. Revenue is recorded when the equipment is
    shipped to the end customer unless the contract requires the inventory to be installed before it can be billed and charged for service
    when installation or maintenance work is performed. If inventory is shipped to the customer before it is installed the inventory
    is reclassified to Deferred Cost of Goods.</span></td></tr>
  </table>
<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Revenue
for product and software sales without installation is recorded when the product and/or software has been shipped to the customer. Revenue
from fixed-price equipment installation contracts, if any, is recognized as the contracts allow for invoicing at various milestones.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">General
and administrative costs are charged to expense as incurred. Provisions for estimated losses on uncompleted contracts are made in the
period in which such losses are determined. Changes in job performance, job conditions, and estimated profitability may result in revisions
to costs and income and are recognized in the period in which the revisions are determined. Changes in estimated job profitability resulting
from job performance, job conditions, contract penalty provisions, claims, change orders, and settlements are accounted for as changes
in estimates in the current period. Profit incentives are included in revenue when their realization is deemed earned by the contract.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</span></td>
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    US hardware sales are to domestic and international customers and are made through independent distributors or integrators who purchase
    products from the Company at a wholesale price and sell to the end user (typically municipalities or a commercial customer) at a
    retail price. The distributor retains the margin as its compensation for its role in the transaction. The distributor or integrator
    generally maintains product inventory or product is drop shipped from the manufacturer, customer receivables and all related risks
    and rewards of ownership. Accordingly, upon application of steps one through five above, revenue is recorded when the product is
    shipped to the distributor or as directed by the distributor consistent with the terms of the distribution agreement.</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
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    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
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US also sells software that include licensing fees that are paid either monthly or yearly. The revenues are recorded monthly, if the
license is paid yearly the revenue will be recorded as deferred revenue and amortized on a straight-line basis over the respective time
period.</span></p></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</span></td>
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    US also sells hardware and software warranty and maintenance for an annual fee that are paid yearly. The revenues are recorded annually,
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  </table>
<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p id="xdx_897_eus-gaap--DisaggregationOfRevenueTableTextBlock_znlG46Yr3ENf" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify">The following table presents our net sales by revenue
source and the period over period percentage change, for the period presented:</p>
<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;<span id="xdx_8B6_zz9Kztis5NT" style="display: none">Schedule
of Disaggregation of Revenue</span></span></p>

<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 60%; margin-left: 0.5in">
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; display: none; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</td>
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<tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom">
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  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
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  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
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  <tr id="xdx_409_eus-gaap--RevenueFromContractWithCustomerExcludingAssessedTax_hus-gaap--ContractWithCustomerSalesChannelAxis__custom--CommercialEnterprisesMember_z4zlHnu645k4" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 46%; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Commercial
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    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Distributors</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">762,660</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
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    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Municipalities</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
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    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td id="xdx_984_ecustom--ChangeInRevenuePercentage_pid_dp_uPure_c20240101__20241231__us-gaap--ContractWithCustomerSalesChannelAxis__custom--TaiwanGovernmentMember_zld6mL0JwF4b" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Change in sales, percentage"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">100</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">%</span></td></tr>
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    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Other</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
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    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">148,311</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td id="xdx_980_ecustom--ChangeInRevenuePercentage_pid_dp_uPure_c20240101__20241231__us-gaap--ContractWithCustomerSalesChannelAxis__custom--OtherMember_zAylXG0c9YLk" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Change in sales, percentage"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(38</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">%)</span></td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_40C_eus-gaap--RevenueFromContractWithCustomerExcludingAssessedTax_zskWkTnBfei5" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="display: none; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;Total
    Net Sales Source</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">6,020,639</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">6,495,865</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td id="xdx_988_ecustom--ChangeInRevenuePercentage_pid_dp_uPure_c20240101__20241231_ztgUMpLQNpXh" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Change in sales, percentage"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(7</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">%)</span></td></tr>
  </table>

<p id="xdx_8AA_zC3vvvfqUvlg" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify">The Company sells and installs video
surveillance systems comprised of various components of hardware and software.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p id="xdx_84E_eus-gaap--ComprehensiveIncomePolicyPolicyTextBlock_zvBM4hFJtbja" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b><span style="text-decoration: underline"><span id="xdx_86A_z3YDLQ8xdc31">Comprehensive
Loss</span></span></b></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Comprehensive
loss is defined to include all changes in equity except those resulting from investments by owners and distributions to owners. Among
other disclosures, all items that are required to be recognized under current accounting standards as components of comprehensive income
are required to be reported in a financial statement that is presented with the same prominence as other financial statements. Our current
component of other comprehensive income is the foreign currency translation adjustment.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p id="xdx_849_eus-gaap--ConcentrationRiskCreditRisk_zvq8WOgpnbQ" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b><span style="text-decoration: underline"><span id="xdx_863_zYwDuDCNxplb">Concentrations</span></span></b></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Financial
instruments, which potentially subject us to concentrations of credit risk, consist principally of cash and cash equivalents and trade
accounts receivable.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Substantially
all cash is deposited in three financial institutions, two in the United States and one in Taiwan. At times, amounts on deposit in the
United States may be in excess of the FDIC insurance limit. Deposits in Taiwan financial institutions are insured by CDIC (Central Deposit
Insurance Corporation) with maximum coverage of NTD <span id="xdx_907_eus-gaap--CashFDICInsuredAmount_iI_pn6n6_uNTD_c20241231_zf2ypjpe4YVa">3</span> million. At times, amounts on deposit in Taiwan may be in excess of the CDIC Insurance
limit.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>




<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Revenue
from five customers out of approximately 70 total customers represented approximately <span id="xdx_90F_ecustom--ConcentrationRiskPercentage_dp_uPure_c20240101__20241231__us-gaap--ConcentrationRiskByBenchmarkAxis__us-gaap--SalesRevenueNetMember__us-gaap--ConcentrationRiskByTypeAxis__us-gaap--CustomerConcentrationRiskMember__srt--MajorCustomersAxis__custom--FiveCustomersMember_zpCB5o8WsHCc" title="Concentration risk, percentage">67</span>% of total revenue for the year ended December
31, 2024. These specific customers were 1) Chunghwa Telecom with <span id="xdx_90A_ecustom--ConcentrationRiskPercentage_dp_uPure_c20240101__20241231__us-gaap--ConcentrationRiskByBenchmarkAxis__us-gaap--SalesRevenueNetMember__us-gaap--ConcentrationRiskByTypeAxis__us-gaap--CustomerConcentrationRiskMember__srt--MajorCustomersAxis__custom--ChunghwaTelecomMember_zjcps7QcNpX4" title="Concentration risk, percentage">18</span>% 2) SECURITY INTEGRATION &amp; CONSULTANT TECHNOLOGY CO., LTD. with
<span id="xdx_90A_ecustom--ConcentrationRiskPercentage_dp_uPure_c20240101__20241231__us-gaap--ConcentrationRiskByBenchmarkAxis__us-gaap--SalesRevenueNetMember__us-gaap--ConcentrationRiskByTypeAxis__us-gaap--CustomerConcentrationRiskMember__srt--MajorCustomersAxis__custom--SecurityIntegrationAndConsultantTechnologyCoLtdMember_znTGVbI63CD5" title="Concentration risk, percentage">16</span>%, 3) Chicony Power Technology Co Ltd with <span id="xdx_90E_ecustom--ConcentrationRiskPercentage_dp_uPure_c20240101__20241231__us-gaap--ConcentrationRiskByBenchmarkAxis__us-gaap--SalesRevenueNetMember__us-gaap--ConcentrationRiskByTypeAxis__us-gaap--CustomerConcentrationRiskMember__srt--MajorCustomersAxis__custom--ChiconyPowerTechnologyCoLtdMember_zYsUgMSRR5k" title="Concentration risk, percentage">11</span>% and 4) HWACOM SYSTEMS INC. with <span id="xdx_900_ecustom--ConcentrationRiskPercentage_dp_uPure_c20240101__20241231__us-gaap--ConcentrationRiskByBenchmarkAxis__us-gaap--SalesRevenueNetMember__us-gaap--ConcentrationRiskByTypeAxis__us-gaap--CustomerConcentrationRiskMember__srt--MajorCustomersAxis__custom--HWACOMSYSTEMSINCMember_zcflv6WSArVh" title="Concentration risk, percentage">10</span>%, (all Taiwan companies) and Claro Enterprise Solutions
(a US company) with <span id="xdx_90D_ecustom--ConcentrationRiskPercentage_dp_uPure_c20240101__20241231__us-gaap--ConcentrationRiskByBenchmarkAxis__us-gaap--SalesRevenueNetMember__us-gaap--ConcentrationRiskByTypeAxis__us-gaap--CustomerConcentrationRiskMember__srt--MajorCustomersAxis__custom--ClaroEnterpriseSolutionsMember_zcq39d9A17ic" title="Concentration risk, percentage">12</span>%. Revenue from two customers out of 65 total customers represented approximately <span id="xdx_90D_ecustom--ConcentrationRiskPercentage_dp_uPure_c20230101__20231231__us-gaap--ConcentrationRiskByBenchmarkAxis__us-gaap--SalesRevenueNetMember__us-gaap--ConcentrationRiskByTypeAxis__us-gaap--CustomerConcentrationRiskMember__srt--MajorCustomersAxis__custom--TwoCustomersMember_zdcbcL54wMMi" title="Concentration risk, percentage">48</span>% of total revenue for the
year ended December 31, 2023. These specific customers were 1) YOU MING HUEI CO. LTD with <span id="xdx_900_ecustom--ConcentrationRiskPercentage_pid_dp_uPure_c20230101__20231231__us-gaap--ConcentrationRiskByBenchmarkAxis__us-gaap--SalesRevenueNetMember__us-gaap--ConcentrationRiskByTypeAxis__us-gaap--CustomerConcentrationRiskMember__dei--LegalEntityAxis__custom--YouMingHueiCoLtdMember_zmuFbIKhy85" title="Concentration risk, percentage">25</span>%, 2) Chicony Power Technology Co Ltd with
<span id="xdx_90F_ecustom--ConcentrationRiskPercentage_dp_uPure_c20230101__20231231__us-gaap--ConcentrationRiskByBenchmarkAxis__us-gaap--SalesRevenueNetMember__us-gaap--ConcentrationRiskByTypeAxis__us-gaap--CustomerConcentrationRiskMember__dei--LegalEntityAxis__custom--ChiconyPowerTechnologyMember_zTv5NGWcZbPi" title="Concentration risk, percentage">23</span>%, (both Taiwan companies). Total number of customers were 70 and 65, for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><span id="xdx_909_ecustom--ConcentrationRiskPercentage_pid_dp_uPure_c20240101__20241231__us-gaap--ConcentrationRiskByBenchmarkAxis__us-gaap--AccountsReceivableMember__us-gaap--ConcentrationRiskByTypeAxis__us-gaap--CustomerConcentrationRiskMember__srt--MajorCustomersAxis__custom--OneCustomersMember_zGr28hJtcSpi" title="Concentration risk, percentage">52</span>%
of the total accounts receivable at December 31, 2024 was from one customer out of a total of 42 customer accounts receivable accounts.
This specific customer was Chunghwa Telecom. Our accounts receivables are unsecured, and we are at risk to the extent such amounts become
uncollectible. Although we perform periodic evaluations of our customers&#8217; credit and financial condition, we do not require collateral
in exchange for our products and services provided on credit. These customers are longtime customers, and we don&#8217;t expect any problem
with the collectability of these accounts receivable.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">No
other customers represented greater than <span id="xdx_90B_ecustom--ConcentrationRiskPercentage_dp_uPure_c20240101__20241231__us-gaap--ConcentrationRiskByBenchmarkAxis__us-gaap--SalesRevenueNetMember__us-gaap--ConcentrationRiskByTypeAxis__us-gaap--CustomerConcentrationRiskMember__srt--MajorCustomersAxis__custom--OtherCustomersMember_zZ9n0MVTjBJf" title="Percentage of concentration risk"><span id="xdx_908_ecustom--ConcentrationRiskPercentage_dp_uPure_c20230101__20231231__us-gaap--ConcentrationRiskByBenchmarkAxis__us-gaap--SalesRevenueNetMember__us-gaap--ConcentrationRiskByTypeAxis__us-gaap--CustomerConcentrationRiskMember__srt--MajorCustomersAxis__custom--OtherCustomersMember_zo2ITHKeQK1b" title="Percentage of concentration risk">10</span></span>% of total revenues in years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p id="xdx_84E_eus-gaap--CashAndCashEquivalentsPolicyTextBlock_zdeOkvBfukk5" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b><span style="text-decoration: underline"><span id="xdx_86E_zTDNePT4A5L">Cash
and Cash Equivalents</span></span></b></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">For
purposes of the statement of cash flows, we consider all highly liquid debt instruments purchased with an original maturity of three
months or less to be cash equivalents.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
Company&#8217;s consolidated financial statements include the results of operations and financial position of its subsidiary located in Taiwan.
The subsidiary&#8217;s functional currency is the Taiwan New Dollar (TWD). For consolidation purposes, the subsidiary&#8217;s financial statements
are translated into US Dollars (USD) using the following methods: Assets and liabilities are translated using the exchange rate
at the balance sheet date. Income statement items are translated using the average exchange rate for the period. Exchange rate
fluctuations between TWD and USD result in gains or losses that are included in Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) until they are realized.
The Company had $<span id="xdx_908_eus-gaap--CashAndCashEquivalentsAtCarryingValue_iI_uNTD_c20241231_zRelCr9Jybr5" title="Cash and cash equivalents at carrying value">1,025,675</span> and $<span id="xdx_902_eus-gaap--CashAndCashEquivalentsAtCarryingValue_iI_uNTD_c20231231_zRbBJ1PkVfz6" title="Cash and cash equivalents at carrying value">1,959,399</span> of its cash and cash equivalents in Taiwan New Dollars at December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p id="xdx_847_eus-gaap--TradeAndOtherAccountsReceivablePolicy_zgNFw2sfiuKa" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b><span style="text-decoration: underline"><span id="xdx_864_zdou4cBO5ZSf">Accounts
Receivable</span></span></b></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">We
provide an allowance for doubtful collections, which is based upon a review of outstanding receivables, historical collection information,
and existing economic conditions. For our U.S.-based segment, receivables past due more than 120 days, if any, are considered delinquent. For
our Taiwan-based segment, receivables over one year are considered delinquent. Delinquent receivables are written off based on individual
credit valuation and specific circumstances of the customer. As of December 31, 2024 and 2023, no allowance for uncollectible accounts
was deemed necessary.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p id="xdx_847_ecustom--OtherCurrentAssetsPolicyTextBlock_zls8iCG6hiXk" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b><span style="text-decoration: underline"><span id="xdx_861_zHSs1pZFSMxc">Other
Current Assets</span></span></b></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Other
current assets represent cash paid in advance to vendors for service coverage extending into subsequent periods, advances to suppliers
of product and tender deposits placed with local governments and major customers in Taiwan during the bidding process for new proposed
projects.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p id="xdx_848_eus-gaap--DeferredChargesPolicyTextBlock_zwuy4mJKC5ri" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: left"><span id="xdx_862_z4vkNiTFFtY6" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b><span style="text-decoration: underline">Deferred
Cost of Goods</span></b></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>&#160;</b></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">In
Taiwan we ship product to be held at the customer locations in advance of installment per the contract with the customer. We reclassify
inventory that we have purchased and delivered to the customer location to Deferred Cost of Goods until this product is installed
and can be invoiced to the customer.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p id="xdx_846_eus-gaap--InventoryPolicyTextBlock_zKsVdczJJRO" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b><span style="text-decoration: underline"><span id="xdx_865_z2gPPCu5zJfi">Inventories</span></span></b></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify">Inventory is stated at the lower of cost or net realizable value, with cost determined on a first-in, first-out (&#8220;FIFO&#8221;)
basis. <span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">We
review our inventories for excess or obsolete products or components based on an analysis of historical usage and an evaluation of estimated
future demand, market conditions, and alternative uses for possible excess or obsolete parts. There was <span id="xdx_903_eus-gaap--InventoryValuationReserves_iI_do_c20241231_zFVbgf7U44n8"><span id="xdx_900_eus-gaap--InventoryValuationReserves_iI_do_c20231231_zJpqxG2hx6v9">no</span></span> allowance for slow-moving and obsolete
inventory necessary as of December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p id="xdx_840_eus-gaap--PropertyPlantAndEquipmentPolicyTextBlock_zyfBi9kYwIFa" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b><span style="text-decoration: underline"><span id="xdx_868_zMdmZf7rVc2a">Property
and Equipment</span></span></b></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Property
and equipment are stated at cost. Depreciation is computed primarily using the straight-line method over estimated useful lives of three<span id="xdx_90C_eus-gaap--PropertyPlantAndEquipmentUsefulLife_iI_dtY_c20241231__srt--RangeAxis__srt--MinimumMember_zsSpTDhed6Oh" style="display: none" title="Property and equipment useful life">3</span>
to <span id="xdx_903_eus-gaap--PropertyPlantAndEquipmentUsefulLife_iI_dc_c20241231__srt--RangeAxis__srt--MaximumMember_zMYbJZXpJmz6" title="Property and equipment useful life">seven years</span>. Expenditures for routine maintenance and repairs are charged to expense as incurred. Depreciation expense for the years
ended December 31, 2024 and 2023 was $<span id="xdx_907_eus-gaap--Depreciation_pp0p0_c20240101__20241231_zjETU40vBRpa" title="Depreciation expense">31,805</span> and $<span id="xdx_901_eus-gaap--Depreciation_pp0p0_c20230101__20231231_zWvhyMX2PrEc" title="Depreciation expense">19,753</span>, respectively.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">We
have a relatively minimal amount of property and equipment, consisting primarily of office equipment. We review the recoverability of
the carrying value of long-lived assets using the methodology prescribed in ASC 360 &#8220;Property, Plant and Equipment.&#8221; We review
our long-lived assets for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of an asset or asset
group may not be recoverable. Recoverability of long-lived assets to be held and used is measured by a comparison of the carrying amount
of an asset to the undiscounted future net operating cash flows expected to be generated by the asset. If such assets are considered
to be impaired, the impairment to be recognized is measured as the amount by which the carrying value of the assets exceeds their fair
value. Management determined that there was no indicator of impairment as of December 31, 2024 and 2023.</span></p>
<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"></span></p>




<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p id="xdx_84C_eus-gaap--EquityMethodInvestmentsPolicy_zU9oJUKOjgEe" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b><i><span id="xdx_86C_zJE3AGJhNZC4">Equity
Method Investment</span></i></b></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
Company accounts for investments in entities in which the Company has significant influence over the entity&#8217;s financial and operating
policies, but does not control, using the equity method of accounting. The equity method investments are initially recorded at cost,
and subsequently increased for capital contributions and allocations of net income, and decreased for capital distributions and allocations
of net loss. Equity in net income (loss) from the equity method investment is allocated based on the Company&#8217;s economic interest.
Equity method investments are reviewed for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount may
not be recoverable. If it is determined that a loss in value of the equity method investment is other than temporary, an impairment loss
is measured based on the excess of the carrying amount of an investment over its estimated fair value. Impairment analyses are based
on current plans, intended holding periods, and available information at the time the analysis is prepared. During 2023 the Company made a $<span id="xdx_90E_eus-gaap--Investments_iI_c20231231__srt--ScheduleOfEquityMethodInvestmentEquityMethodInvesteeNameAxis__custom--IvedaPhilsJointVentureMember_zk65nyBNjQgk" title="Investments">180,000</span> investment for a <span id="xdx_908_eus-gaap--EquityMethodInvestmentOwnershipPercentage_iI_pid_dp_uPure_c20231231__srt--ScheduleOfEquityMethodInvestmentEquityMethodInvesteeNameAxis__custom--IvedaPhilsJointVentureMember_zQQi8sln7SGe" title="Equity method investment ownership percentage">40</span>% interest in
Iveda Phils Joint Venture (located in the Philippines). Based on Management&#8217;s
assessment, the value of its equity method investment was impaired as of December 31, 2023, and as such, recorded an impairment charge
of $<span id="xdx_90B_ecustom--EquityMethodInvestmentImpairmentCharge_iI_c20231231_zpT35cPEP241" title="Equity method investment impairment charge">180,000</span>. As of December 31, 2023 and 2024, the remaining value of its investments was $<span id="xdx_902_eus-gaap--Investments_iI_c20241231_zi6sYa9s2xj" title="Investments"><span id="xdx_905_eus-gaap--Investments_iI_c20231231_zQD3EzkFed3g" title="Investments">0</span></span>.</span></p>
<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p id="xdx_84C_eus-gaap--IncomeTaxPolicyTextBlock_zrmY9a4zNdP5" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b><span style="text-decoration: underline"><span id="xdx_868_zxzOjGDG09rl">Income
Taxes</span></span></b></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Deferred
income taxes are recognized in the consolidated financial statements for the tax consequences in future years of differences between
the tax bases of assets and liabilities and their financial reporting amounts based on enacted tax laws and statutory tax rates. Temporary
differences arise from sales cut-off, depreciation, deferred rent expense, and net operating losses. Valuation allowances are established
when necessary to reduce deferred tax assets to the amount that represents our best estimate of such deferred tax assets that, more likely
than not, will be realized. Income tax expense is the tax payable for the year and the change during the year in deferred tax assets
and liabilities.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">We
are subject to U.S. federal income tax as well as state income tax.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Our
U.S. income tax returns are subject to review and examination by federal, state, and local authorities. Our U.S. tax returns for the
years 2020 to 2023 are open to examination by federal, local, and state authorities.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Our
Taiwan tax returns are subject to review and examination by the Taiwan Ministry of Finance. Our Taiwan tax return for the years 2020
to 2023 are open to examination by the Taiwan Ministry of Finance.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p id="xdx_840_eus-gaap--CashAndCashEquivalentsRestrictedCashAndCashEquivalentsPolicy_zcSrAwcBSgo1" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b><span style="text-decoration: underline"><span id="xdx_865_zWhJ1h8iahZh">Restricted
Cash</span></span></b></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Restricted
cash represents time deposits on account to secure short-term bank loans in our Taiwan-based segment.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; display: none; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><span style="display: none"><span></span></span></span></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"></span></p>

<p id="xdx_84C_eus-gaap--RevenueFromContractWithCustomerPolicyTextBlock_z9nUe1VpT271" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"><span id="xdx_86B_z4D1xHsmT9s" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b><span style="text-decoration: underline">Deferred
Revenue</span></b></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Advance
payments received from customers on future installation projects are recorded as deferred revenue until such time our performance obligations on the contracts are completed.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>




<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p id="xdx_84C_eus-gaap--CompensationRelatedCostsPolicyTextBlock_zrqlIMniVKnk" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b><span style="text-decoration: underline"><span id="xdx_867_zAxTckzrWor3">Stock-Based
Compensation</span></span></b></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The Company periodically issues stock, stock options and restricted stock awards to employees and non-employees in
non-capital raising transactions for services and for financing costs. The Company accounts for such grants issued and vesting based on
ASC 718, Compensation-Stock Compensation whereby the value of the award is measured on the date of grant and recognized for employees
as compensation expense on the straight-line basis over the vesting period. Recognition of compensation expense for non-employees is in
the same period and manner as if the Company had paid cash for the services. The fair value of the Company&#8217;s stock options is estimated
using the Black-Scholes-Merton Option Pricing model, which uses certain assumptions related to risk-free interest rates, expected volatility,
expected life of the stock options or restricted stock, and future dividends. Compensation expense is recorded based upon the value derived
from the Black-Scholes-Merton Option Pricing model and based on actual experience. The assumptions used in the Black-Scholes-Merton Option
Pricing model could materially affect compensation expense recorded in future periods. We recognized $<span id="xdx_90E_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensation_pp0p0_c20240101__20241231_zxtzcdImOrVa" title="Stock option compensation">122,600</span> and $<span id="xdx_906_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensation_pp0p0_c20230101__20231231_zA7oPXtsaC82" title="Stock option compensation">104,600</span> of
stock-based compensation expense for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p id="xdx_842_eus-gaap--FairValueOfFinancialInstrumentsPolicy_zSz4fCqLsSy8" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b><span style="text-decoration: underline"><span id="xdx_868_zBSF8ypWCkKi">Fair
Value of Financial Instruments</span></span></b></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify">The Company uses various inputs in determining the
fair value of its financial assets and liabilities and measures these assets on a recurring basis. Financial assets recorded at fair value
are categorized by the level of subjectivity associated with the inputs used to measure their fair value. Accounting Standards Codification
Section 820 defines the following levels of subjectivity associated with the inputs:</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify">Level 1&#8212;Quoted prices in active markets for
identical assets or liabilities.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify">Level 2&#8212;Inputs, other than the quoted prices
in active markets, that are observable either directly or indirectly.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify">Level 3&#8212;Unobservable inputs in which there is
little or no market data for the asset or liability which requires the Company to develop its own assumptions.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p>
<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Fair
value estimates discussed herein are based upon certain market assumptions and pertinent information available to us as of December 31,
2024 and December 31, 2023. The respective carrying values of certain on-balance-sheet financial instruments approximate their fair values.
These financial instruments include cash, accounts receivable, accounts payable, accrued expenses, and amounts due to related parties.
Fair values were assumed to approximate carrying values for these financial instruments because they are short-term in nature and their
carrying amounts approximate their fair values or because they are receivable or payable on demand. </span>The carrying values of financing
obligations approximate their fair values because interest rates on these obligations are based on prevailing market interest rates.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p>
<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"></p>

<p id="xdx_84F_eus-gaap--NewAccountingPronouncementsPolicyPolicyTextBlock_zzLKZhT1xKKl" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b><span style="text-decoration: underline"><span id="xdx_869_z4RIoIKPecUh">New
Accounting Standards</span></span></b></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">In
November 2023, the FASB issued ASU 2023-07, <i>Segment Reporting (Topic 280): Improvements to Reportable Segment Disclosure</i>, which
is intended to improve reportable segment disclosure requirements, primarily through enhanced disclosures about significant segment expense
categories that are regularly provided to the chief operating decision maker and included in each reported measure of a segment&#8217;s
profit or loss. The update also requires all annual disclosures about a reportable segment&#8217;s profit or loss and assets to be provided
in interim periods and for entities with a single reportable segment to provide all the disclosures required by ASC 280, <i>Segment Reporting</i>,
including the significant segment expense disclosures. This standard became effective for the Company on January 1, 2024. The adoption
of 2023-7 did not have a material impact on the Company&#8217;s results of operations, financial position or cash flows.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">In
November 2024, FASB issued ASU 2024-03 Income Statement&#8212;Reporting Comprehensive Income&#8212;Expense Disaggregation Disclosures
(Subtopic 220-40) Disaggregation of Income Statement Expenses. The guidance in ASU 2024-03 requires public business entities to disclose
in the notes to the financial statements, among other things, specific information about certain costs and expenses including purchases
of inventory; employee compensation; and depreciation and amortization expense for each caption on the income statement where such expenses
are included. The update is effective for annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2026, and interim reporting periods beginning
after December 15, 2027. Early adoption is permitted, and the amendments may be applied prospectively to reporting periods after the
effective date or retrospectively to all periods presented in the financial statements. We are currently evaluating the provisions of
this guidance and assessing the potential impact on our financial statement disclosures.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Other
recent accounting pronouncements and guidance issued by the FASB, its Emerging Issues Task Force, the American Institute of Certified
Public Accountants, and the Securities and Exchange Commission did not or are not believed by management to have a material impact on
the Company&#8217;s present or future financial statements.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"></p>

<p id="xdx_856_zR6FP6ykwkkk" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>




<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<span></span>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The entire disclosure for all significant accounting policies of the reporting entity.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 235<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147483426/235-10-50-1<br><br>Reference 2: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Topic 235<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/235/tableOfContent<br></p></div>
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<span style="display: none;">v3.25.2</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="id2">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="2"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Accounts and Other Payables<br></strong></div></th>
<th class="th" colspan="1">12 Months Ended</th>
</tr>
<tr><th class="th"><div>Dec. 31, 2024</div></th></tr>
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<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_PayablesAndAccrualsAbstract', window );"><strong>Payables and Accruals [Abstract]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_AccountsPayableAndAccruedLiabilitiesDisclosureTextBlock', window );">Accounts and Other Payables</a></td>
<td class="text"><p id="xdx_801_eus-gaap--AccountsPayableAndAccruedLiabilitiesDisclosureTextBlock_zVzsyxyuT86b" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>NOTE
2 <span id="xdx_82D_zu8YOQyvyTsh">Accounts and Other Payables</span></b></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b><span>&#160;</span> </b></span></p>
<p id="xdx_89E_eus-gaap--ScheduleOfAccountsPayableAndAccruedLiabilitiesTableTextBlock_zouUG5Pc2IKf" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"><span style="display: none; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;<span id="xdx_8BB_zM8OHMzMBz2j">Schedule
Of Accounts and Other Payables</span></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"></span></p>

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    <td style="text-align: center">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td colspan="2" id="xdx_498_20241231_zGoGwRr9Odef" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: center">December 31, 2024</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td colspan="2" id="xdx_495_20231231_zJBbbkMsma7d" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: center">December 31, 2023</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td></tr>
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    <td colspan="2">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
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    <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left">$</td><td style="width: 14%; text-align: right">730,297</td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="width: 2%">&#160;</td>
    <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left">$</td><td style="width: 14%; text-align: right">379,949</td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
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    <td style="text-align: left">Accrued Expenses</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">981,769</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">899,755</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_405_ecustom--DeferredRevenueAndCustomerDepositsCurrent_iI_maAPAOAzMjb_zQxMkoG94Ebk" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="text-align: justify; padding-bottom: 1pt">Deferred Revenue and Customer Deposits</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right">36,791</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right">29,210</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
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    <td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1pt">Accounts and Other Payables</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">$</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right">1,748,857</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">$</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right">1,308,914</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
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<p id="xdx_8A0_zqQsw2Ch0Fp3" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The entire disclosure for accounts payable and accrued liabilities at the end of the reporting period.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(20))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480566/210-10-S99-1<br><br>Reference 2: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(24))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480566/210-10-S99-1<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Topic 720<br> -SubTopic 30<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147483384/720-30-45-1<br><br>Reference 4: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(19)(a))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480566/210-10-S99-1<br></p></div>
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<span style="display: none;">v3.25.2</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="id2">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="2"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>SHORT-TERM AND LONG-TERM DEBT<br></strong></div></th>
<th class="th" colspan="1">12 Months Ended</th>
</tr>
<tr><th class="th"><div>Dec. 31, 2024</div></th></tr>
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<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DebtDisclosureAbstract', window );"><strong>Debt Disclosure [Abstract]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
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<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DebtDisclosureTextBlock', window );">SHORT-TERM AND LONG-TERM DEBT</a></td>
<td class="text"><p id="xdx_807_eus-gaap--DebtDisclosureTextBlock_zGdlhQEJRrT2" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>NOTE
3 <span id="xdx_828_z3ssKYYB44H9">SHORT-TERM AND LONG-TERM DEBT</span></b></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

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short-term debt balances were as follows:</b></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>&#160;</b></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><span id="xdx_8B9_zV1pWn7yswhb" style="display: none">SCHEDULE
OF SHORT-TERM DEBT</span></span></p>

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  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: center">December 31, 2024</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: center">December 31, 2023</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td></tr>
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    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td colspan="2">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td colspan="2">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="width: 64%; text-align: left">Loan from Shanghai Commercial Bank at <span class="xdx_phnt_RGlzY2xvc3VyZSAtIFNDSEVEVUxFIE9GIFNIT1JULVRFUk0gREVCVCAoRGV0YWlscykgKFBhcmVudGhldGljYWwpAA__" id="xdx_900_eus-gaap--DebtInstrumentInterestRateDuringPeriod_pid_dp_uPure_c20240101__20241231__us-gaap--RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis__custom--ShanghaiBankMember__srt--RangeAxis__srt--MinimumMember_zC3jImsLW1Tk" title="Interest rate"><span class="xdx_phnt_RGlzY2xvc3VyZSAtIFNDSEVEVUxFIE9GIFNIT1JULVRFUk0gREVCVCAoRGV0YWlscykgKFBhcmVudGhldGljYWwpAA__" id="xdx_90B_eus-gaap--DebtInstrumentInterestRateDuringPeriod_pid_dp_uPure_c20230101__20231231__us-gaap--RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis__custom--ShanghaiBankMember__srt--RangeAxis__srt--MinimumMember_z19ikWcf7v78" title="Interest rate">3.1</span></span>%-<span class="xdx_phnt_RGlzY2xvc3VyZSAtIFNDSEVEVUxFIE9GIFNIT1JULVRFUk0gREVCVCAoRGV0YWlscykgKFBhcmVudGhldGljYWwpAA__" id="xdx_902_eus-gaap--DebtInstrumentInterestRateDuringPeriod_pid_dp_uPure_c20240101__20241231__us-gaap--RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis__custom--ShanghaiBankMember__srt--RangeAxis__srt--MaximumMember_zuARMmjSBUmf" title="Interest rate"><span class="xdx_phnt_RGlzY2xvc3VyZSAtIFNDSEVEVUxFIE9GIFNIT1JULVRFUk0gREVCVCAoRGV0YWlscykgKFBhcmVudGhldGljYWwpAA__" id="xdx_909_eus-gaap--DebtInstrumentInterestRateDuringPeriod_pid_dp_uPure_c20230101__20231231__us-gaap--RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis__custom--ShanghaiBankMember__srt--RangeAxis__srt--MaximumMember_zDj0y7KIPiJf" title="Interest rate">3.2</span></span>%
    interest rate per annum. <span class="xdx_phnt_RGlzY2xvc3VyZSAtIFNDSEVEVUxFIE9GIFNIT1JULVRFUk0gREVCVCAoRGV0YWlscykgKFBhcmVudGhldGljYWwpAA__" id="xdx_904_eus-gaap--DebtInstrumentMaturityDateDescription_c20240101__20241231__us-gaap--RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis__custom--ShanghaiBankMember_zVbgrq0DtLQg" title="Debt instrument, maturity date"><span class="xdx_phnt_RGlzY2xvc3VyZSAtIFNDSEVEVUxFIE9GIFNIT1JULVRFUk0gREVCVCAoRGV0YWlscykgKFBhcmVudGhldGljYWwpAA__" id="xdx_900_eus-gaap--DebtInstrumentMaturityDateDescription_c20230101__20231231__us-gaap--RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis__custom--ShanghaiBankMember_zrNKtzWzdXW1" title="Debt instrument, maturity date">Due
    originally in January 2025 and subsequently replaced with a new loan which matures January 2026.</span></span></td><td style="width: 2%">&#160;</td>
    <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left">$</td><td id="xdx_982_eus-gaap--ShortTermBorrowings_iI_c20241231__us-gaap--RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis__custom--ShanghaiBankMember_z0ohjdKKqMSk" style="width: 14%; text-align: right" title="Short term debt">183,011</td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="width: 2%">&#160;</td>
    <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left">$</td><td id="xdx_984_eus-gaap--ShortTermBorrowings_iI_c20231231__us-gaap--RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis__custom--ShanghaiBankMember_znE3cj2ROUo9" style="width: 14%; text-align: right" title="Short term debt">88,032</td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="text-align: left">Loan from HuaNam Bank at <span class="xdx_phnt_RGlzY2xvc3VyZSAtIFNDSEVEVUxFIE9GIFNIT1JULVRFUk0gREVCVCAoRGV0YWlscykgKFBhcmVudGhldGljYWwpAA__" id="xdx_90B_eus-gaap--DebtInstrumentInterestRateDuringPeriod_pid_dp_uPure_c20240101__20241231__us-gaap--RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis__custom--HuaNamBankMember_zh1bjmL6cnZj" title="Interest rate"><span class="xdx_phnt_RGlzY2xvc3VyZSAtIFNDSEVEVUxFIE9GIFNIT1JULVRFUk0gREVCVCAoRGV0YWlscykgKFBhcmVudGhldGljYWwpAA__" id="xdx_90F_eus-gaap--DebtInstrumentInterestRateDuringPeriod_pid_dp_uPure_c20230101__20231231__us-gaap--RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis__custom--HuaNamBankMember_zHPbojkGkLN4" title="Interest rate">3.4</span></span>%
    interest rate per annum. <span class="xdx_phnt_RGlzY2xvc3VyZSAtIFNDSEVEVUxFIE9GIFNIT1JULVRFUk0gREVCVCAoRGV0YWlscykgKFBhcmVudGhldGljYWwpAA__" id="xdx_90A_eus-gaap--DebtInstrumentMaturityDateDescription_c20240101__20241231__us-gaap--RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis__custom--HuaNamBankMember_zfRfCgvVh6Pl" title="Debt instrument, maturity date"><span class="xdx_phnt_RGlzY2xvc3VyZSAtIFNDSEVEVUxFIE9GIFNIT1JULVRFUk0gREVCVCAoRGV0YWlscykgKFBhcmVudGhldGljYWwpAA__" id="xdx_905_eus-gaap--DebtInstrumentMaturityDateDescription_c20230101__20231231__us-gaap--RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis__custom--HuaNamBankMember_zKbvd4xK7nS4" title="Debt instrument, maturity date">Due
    in June 2025.</span></span></td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td id="xdx_987_eus-gaap--ShortTermBorrowings_iI_c20241231__us-gaap--RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis__custom--HuaNamBankMember_zGOsvH6Fwuld" style="text-align: right" title="Short term debt">91,505</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td id="xdx_982_eus-gaap--ShortTermBorrowings_iI_c20231231__us-gaap--RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis__custom--HuaNamBankMember_zaGq1kkYqYYg" style="text-align: right" title="Short term debt">97,777</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1pt">Loan from ChangHwa Bank at <span class="xdx_phnt_RGlzY2xvc3VyZSAtIFNDSEVEVUxFIE9GIFNIT1JULVRFUk0gREVCVCAoRGV0YWlscykgKFBhcmVudGhldGljYWwpAA__" id="xdx_909_eus-gaap--DebtInstrumentInterestRateDuringPeriod_pid_dp_uPure_c20230101__20231231__us-gaap--RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis__custom--ChangHwaBankMember__srt--RangeAxis__srt--MinimumMember_zWXwlFl8RNye">3</span>%
-<span class="xdx_phnt_RGlzY2xvc3VyZSAtIFNDSEVEVUxFIE9GIFNIT1JULVRFUk0gREVCVCAoRGV0YWlscykgKFBhcmVudGhldGljYWwpAA__" id="xdx_904_eus-gaap--DebtInstrumentInterestRateDuringPeriod_pid_dp_uPure_c20240101__20241231__us-gaap--RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis__custom--ChangHwaBankMember__srt--RangeAxis__srt--MaximumMember_zH0zPZsX3TDb">3.3%</span>
interest rate per annum. <span class="xdx_phnt_RGlzY2xvc3VyZSAtIFNDSEVEVUxFIE9GIFNIT1JULVRFUk0gREVCVCAoRGV0YWlscykgKFBhcmVudGhldGljYWwpAA__" id="xdx_905_eus-gaap--DebtInstrumentMaturityDateDescription_c20230101__20231231__us-gaap--RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis__custom--ChangHwaBankMember_zRUrEtmuiR8l">Due
in May 2025.</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td id="xdx_98E_eus-gaap--ShortTermBorrowings_iI_c20241231__us-gaap--RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis__custom--ChangHwaBankMember_za3y2mheJ68e" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right" title="Short term debt">152,509</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td id="xdx_987_eus-gaap--ShortTermBorrowings_iI_c20231231__us-gaap--RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis__custom--ChangHwaBankMember_z4XRoVjNDhf2" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right" title="Short term debt">162,962</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 2.5pt">Balance at end of period</td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left">$</td><td id="xdx_98B_eus-gaap--ShortTermBorrowings_iI_c20241231_zEy4mOyMb094" style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right" title="Short term debt">427,025</td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left">$</td><td id="xdx_983_eus-gaap--ShortTermBorrowings_iI_c20231231_zBDabK5W1FGb" style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right" title="Short term debt">348,771</td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
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<p id="xdx_8AF_zN1AZQuiml5a" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">As
of December 31, 2024, there was $29,013 of restricted cash pledged as security for the Shanghai Commercial Bank short term loan.</span></p>


<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"></span></p>

<p id="xdx_891_eus-gaap--ScheduleOfDebtInstrumentsTextBlock_zdcXLf1ce7W2" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>The
Long-term debt balances were as follows:</b></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>&#160;</b></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><span id="xdx_8B7_z3k2pGaJ6q1a" style="display: none">SCHEDULE
OF LONG-TERM DEBT</span></span></p>

<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%">
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="width: 64%; text-align: left">Loans from Shanghai Commercial Bank with interest rates <span class="xdx_phnt_RGlzY2xvc3VyZSAtIFNDSEVEVUxFIE9GIExPTkctVEVSTSBERUJUIChEZXRhaWxzKSAoUGFyZW50aGV0aWNhbCkA" id="xdx_906_eus-gaap--DebtInstrumentInterestRateEffectivePercentage_iI_pid_dp_uPure_c20241231__us-gaap--RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis__custom--ShanghaiBankMember_fKDEp_zo3LoW0KVrdg" title="Debt interest rate"><span class="xdx_phnt_RGlzY2xvc3VyZSAtIFNDSEVEVUxFIE9GIExPTkctVEVSTSBERUJUIChEZXRhaWxzKSAoUGFyZW50aGV0aWNhbCkA" id="xdx_90B_eus-gaap--DebtInstrumentInterestRateEffectivePercentage_iI_pid_dp_uPure_c20231231__us-gaap--RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis__custom--ShanghaiBankMember_fKDEp_z7j3g9ovhiSk" title="Debt interest rate">2.1</span></span>%
    per annum due <span class="xdx_phnt_RGlzY2xvc3VyZSAtIFNDSEVEVUxFIE9GIExPTkctVEVSTSBERUJUIChEZXRhaWxzKSAoUGFyZW50aGV0aWNhbCkA" id="xdx_906_ecustom--LongTermDebtInstrumentMaturityDateDescription_c20240101__20241231__us-gaap--RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis__custom--ShanghaiBankMember_fKDEp_zmoLP3xOv5xh" title="Maturity date description"><span class="xdx_phnt_RGlzY2xvc3VyZSAtIFNDSEVEVUxFIE9GIExPTkctVEVSTSBERUJUIChEZXRhaWxzKSAoUGFyZW50aGV0aWNhbCkA" id="xdx_902_ecustom--LongTermDebtInstrumentMaturityDateDescription_c20230101__20231231__us-gaap--RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis__custom--ShanghaiBankMember_fKDEp_zBaosWTqM7yl" title="Maturity date description">January
    2029 (1)</span></span></td><td style="width: 2%">&#160;</td>
    <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left">$</td><td id="xdx_984_eus-gaap--LoansPayableCurrent_iI_c20241231__us-gaap--RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis__custom--ShanghaiBankMember_fKDEp_zYZAXyRkkpm5" style="width: 14%; text-align: right" title="Loans">498,195</td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="width: 2%">&#160;</td>
    <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left">$</td><td id="xdx_987_eus-gaap--LoansPayableCurrent_iI_c20231231__us-gaap--RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis__custom--ShanghaiBankMember_fKDEp_zLWkDY0qyk1i" style="width: 14%; text-align: right" title="Loans"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl0715">-</span></td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1pt">Current Portion of Long-term debt</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td id="xdx_984_eus-gaap--LongTermDebtCurrent_iNI_di_c20241231_zxyDQF0ZUN4l" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right" title="Current portion of long term debt">(122,007</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">)</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td id="xdx_988_eus-gaap--LongTermDebtCurrent_iNI_di_c20231231_zfYwrqZ2xOE5" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right" title="Current portion of long term debt"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl0719">-</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 2.5pt">Balance at end of period</td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left">$</td><td id="xdx_985_eus-gaap--LongTermDebt_iI_c20241231_zikQtS0TvPz4" style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right" title="Long term debt">376,188</td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left">$</td><td id="xdx_98F_eus-gaap--LongTermDebt_iI_c20231231_zofZgHYXAmo3" style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right" title="Long term debt"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl0723">-</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  </table>

<p id="xdx_8A0_z9sri6Gg9jKg" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: center">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: center"></p>

<p id="xdx_89A_esrt--ContractualObligationFiscalYearMaturityScheduleTableTextBlock_zCA1QcDqTaI5" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: center"><span id="xdx_8B2_ztUBaeiD5aI3" style="display: none">SCHEDULE OF MINIMUM PAYMENT OF LONG TERM DEBT</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: center"></p>

<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 70%">
  <tr style="display: none; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td id="xdx_49C_20241231__us-gaap--RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis__custom--ChangHwaBankMember_z1vcujqo5PP5" style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_40F_eus-gaap--LongTermDebtMaturitiesRepaymentsOfPrincipalInNextTwelveMonths_iI_maLTDzu20_zGCqFlKZfcS6" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="width: 78%; text-align: left">2025</td><td style="width: 2%">&#160;</td>
    <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left">$</td><td style="width: 18%; text-align: right">122,007</td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_401_eus-gaap--LongTermDebtMaturitiesRepaymentsOfPrincipalInYearTwo_iI_maLTDzu20_zJBRLclp6tR5" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="text-align: left">2026</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">122,007</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_406_eus-gaap--LongTermDebtMaturitiesRepaymentsOfPrincipalInYearThree_iI_maLTDzu20_ztewVVOnppp3" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="text-align: left">2027</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">122,007</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_40B_eus-gaap--LongTermDebtMaturitiesRepaymentsOfPrincipalInYearFour_iI_maLTDzu20_zHVFiNMRizF9" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="text-align: left">2028</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">122,007</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_402_ecustom--LongTermDebtMaturitiesRepaymentsOfPrincipalAfterYearFour_iI_maLTDzu20_z4xfMqE8ayRl" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">Thereafter</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right">10,167</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_40E_eus-gaap--LongTermDebt_iTI_mtLTDzu20_z9pPvIVcwjD2" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 2.5pt">Total</td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left">$</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right">498,195</td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  </table>


<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: center">&#160;</p>

<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="width: 100%; font: 12pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"><tr style="vertical-align: top">
<td style="width: 0.25in"></td><td style="width: 0.25in"><span id="xdx_F0B_zJuC47EOFgKj" style="font-size: 10pt">(1)</span></td><td style="text-align: justify"><span id="xdx_F12_zQEWYkLRbWK1" style="font-size: 10pt">On
                                            January 24, 2024, the Company received a facility notice from Shanghai Commercial Bank, granting
                                            a revolving loan facility totaling up to TWD <span class="xdx_phnt_RGlzY2xvc3VyZSAtIFNDSEVEVUxFIE9GIExPTkctVEVSTSBERUJUIChEZXRhaWxzKSAoUGFyZW50aGV0aWNhbCkA" id="xdx_904_eus-gaap--LineOfCreditFacilityMaximumBorrowingCapacity_iI_uNTD_c20240124__us-gaap--CreditFacilityAxis__us-gaap--RevolvingCreditFacilityMember_z6SmmmNufU21" title="Line of credit facility maximum borrowing capacity">10,000,000</span></span>
                                            <span style="font-size: 10pt">(approximately $<span class="xdx_phnt_RGlzY2xvc3VyZSAtIFNDSEVEVUxFIE9GIExPTkctVEVSTSBERUJUIChEZXRhaWxzKSAoUGFyZW50aGV0aWNhbCkA" id="xdx_901_eus-gaap--LineOfCreditFacilityMaximumBorrowingCapacity_iI_uUSD_c20240124__us-gaap--CreditFacilityAxis__us-gaap--RevolvingCreditFacilityMember_zJynBP4yrwF8" title="Line of credit facility maximum borrowing capacity">300,000</span> USD) and term loan facility amounting
                                            of TWD <span class="xdx_phnt_RGlzY2xvc3VyZSAtIFNDSEVEVUxFIE9GIExPTkctVEVSTSBERUJUIChEZXRhaWxzKSAoUGFyZW50aGV0aWNhbCkA" id="xdx_907_eus-gaap--LongTermDebt_iI_uNTD_c20240124__us-gaap--LongtermDebtTypeAxis__custom--TermLoanMember_zXihGJI2EBJ5" title="Long term debt">20,000,000</span>
                                            (approximately ($<span class="xdx_phnt_RGlzY2xvc3VyZSAtIFNDSEVEVUxFIE9GIExPTkctVEVSTSBERUJUIChEZXRhaWxzKSAoUGFyZW50aGV0aWNhbCkA" id="xdx_904_eus-gaap--LongTermDebt_iI_c20240124__us-gaap--LongtermDebtTypeAxis__custom--TermLoanMember_zbHZWOEbyHKh" title="Long term debt">600,000</span> USD)</span><span style="font-size: 10pt">. The term for the
                                            revolving loan is <span class="xdx_phnt_RGlzY2xvc3VyZSAtIFNDSEVEVUxFIE9GIExPTkctVEVSTSBERUJUIChEZXRhaWxzKSAoUGFyZW50aGV0aWNhbCkA" id="xdx_90A_eus-gaap--DebtInstrumentTerm_dtY_c20240124__20240124__us-gaap--CreditFacilityAxis__us-gaap--RevolvingCreditFacilityMember_zLXQ5naeQHH2">1</span></span>
                                            <span style="font-size: 10pt">year and for the term loan is <span class="xdx_phnt_RGlzY2xvc3VyZSAtIFNDSEVEVUxFIE9GIExPTkctVEVSTSBERUJUIChEZXRhaWxzKSAoUGFyZW50aGV0aWNhbCkA" id="xdx_908_eus-gaap--DebtInstrumentTerm_dtY_c20240124__20240124__us-gaap--CreditFacilityAxis__custom--TermLoanMember_zLfYEd3duHIh">5</span></span>
                                            <span style="font-size: 10pt">years. The <span class="xdx_phnt_RGlzY2xvc3VyZSAtIFNDSEVEVUxFIE9GIExPTkctVEVSTSBERUJUIChEZXRhaWxzKSAoUGFyZW50aGV0aWNhbCkA" id="xdx_902_eus-gaap--DebtInstrumentTerm_dtY_c20240124__20240124__us-gaap--LongtermDebtTypeAxis__custom--TermLoanMember_zdyb3igSwWkg">5</span></span>
                                            <span style="font-size: 10pt">year term loan requires monthly payments including interest
                                            and principle, and the revolving loan requires a full principal repayment at the maturity
                                            date. The short-term Shanghai Commercial Bank loan is <span class="xdx_phnt_RGlzY2xvc3VyZSAtIFNDSEVEVUxFIE9GIExPTkctVEVSTSBERUJUIChEZXRhaWxzKSAoUGFyZW50aGV0aWNhbCkA" id="xdx_909_ecustom--LoanSecuritzedByGovernmentGuaranteePercentage_dp_c20240124__20240124_zo1gGQwouc6c">75</span></span><span style="font-size: 10pt">%
                                            securitized by the  government guarantee fund called SME credit guarantee fund and <span class="xdx_phnt_RGlzY2xvc3VyZSAtIFNDSEVEVUxFIE9GIExPTkctVEVSTSBERUJUIChEZXRhaWxzKSAoUGFyZW50aGV0aWNhbCkA" id="xdx_90A_ecustom--SecurityDepositPercentage_dp_c20240124__20240124_zfOhSiDLFt48">10</span></span><span style="font-size: 10pt">%
                                            by saving deposit security. The guarantors of this loan are Mr. Siu and Mr. Cheung, who are
                                            both part of Iveda Taiwan&#8217;s management team.</span></td></tr>
                                                                                                              </table>

<p id="xdx_8AC_zd19eOmWa9db" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&#160;</p>




<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<span></span>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>No definition available.</p></div>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The entire disclosure for information about short-term and long-term debt arrangements, which includes amounts of borrowings under each line of credit, note payable, commercial paper issue, bonds indenture, debenture issue, own-share lending arrangements and any other contractual agreement to repay funds, and about the underlying arrangements, rationale for a classification as long-term, including repayment terms, interest rates, collateral provided, restrictions on use of assets and activities, whether or not in compliance with debt covenants, and other matters important to users of the financial statements, such as the effects of refinancing and noncompliance with debt covenants.</p></div>
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<span style="display: none;">v3.25.2</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="id2">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="2"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>PREFERRED STOCK<br></strong></div></th>
<th class="th" colspan="1">12 Months Ended</th>
</tr>
<tr><th class="th"><div>Dec. 31, 2024</div></th></tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_EquityAbstract', window );"><strong>Equity [Abstract]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
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<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_PreferredStockTextBlock', window );">PREFERRED STOCK</a></td>
<td class="text"><p id="xdx_80B_eus-gaap--PreferredStockTextBlock_zhERgghrP8ml" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>NOTE
4 <span id="xdx_82D_znIT2mO4257b">PREFERRED STOCK</span></b></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">We
are currently authorized to issue up to <span id="xdx_909_eus-gaap--PreferredStockSharesAuthorized_iI_c20241231__srt--RangeAxis__srt--MaximumMember_z3uQpsu4b8v8" title="Preferred stock, shares authorized">12,500,000</span> shares of preferred stock, par value $<span id="xdx_905_eus-gaap--PreferredStockParOrStatedValuePerShare_iI_pid_c20241231_zR1SUKA3miI9" title="Preferred stock, par value">0.00001</span> per share, <span id="xdx_906_eus-gaap--PreferredStockSharesAuthorized_iI_c20241231__us-gaap--StatementClassOfStockAxis__us-gaap--SeriesAPreferredStockMember_zUsXuXnjoxhl" title="Preferred stock, shares authorized">1,250,000</span> shares of which
are designated as Series A Preferred Stock and <span id="xdx_902_eus-gaap--PreferredStockSharesAuthorized_iI_pid_c20241231__us-gaap--StatementClassOfStockAxis__us-gaap--SeriesBPreferredStockMember_zHPkjWKomWRj" title="Preferred stock, shares authorized">500</span> shares of which are designated as Series B Preferred Stock. Our Articles of Incorporation
authorize the issuance of shares of preferred stock with designations, rights, and preferences determined from time to time by our Board
of Directors. Accordingly, our Board of Directors is empowered, without stockholder approval, to issue preferred stock with dividend,
liquidation, conversion, voting, or other rights which could adversely affect the voting power or other rights of the stockholders of
our common stock. In the event of issuance, the preferred stock could be utilized, under certain circumstances, as a method of discouraging,
delaying, or preventing a change in control of our company.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<span></span>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>No definition available.</p></div>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The entire disclosure for terms, amounts, nature of changes, rights and privileges, dividends, and other matters related to preferred stock.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Topic 505<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/505/tableOfContent<br></p></div>
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<span style="display: none;">v3.25.2</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="id2">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="2"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>EQUITY<br></strong></div></th>
<th class="th" colspan="1">12 Months Ended</th>
</tr>
<tr><th class="th"><div>Dec. 31, 2024</div></th></tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_EquityAbstract', window );"><strong>Equity [Abstract]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
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<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_StockholdersEquityNoteDisclosureTextBlock', window );">EQUITY</a></td>
<td class="text"><p id="xdx_808_eus-gaap--StockholdersEquityNoteDisclosureTextBlock_z46C7mniMTPe" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>NOTE
5 <span id="xdx_82C_zuwezYSjKuU7">EQUITY</span></b></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b><span style="text-decoration: underline">Common
Stock</span></b></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">We
are authorized to issue up to <span id="xdx_900_eus-gaap--CommonStockSharesAuthorized_iI_pid_c20241231__srt--RangeAxis__srt--MaximumMember_z5QcBiSYAuY6" title="Common stock, shares authorized">300,000,000
</span></span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">shares of common stock, par value $<span id="xdx_90A_eus-gaap--CommonStockParOrStatedValuePerShare_iI_c20241231_ziPB0pRQjk2c" title="Common stock par value">0.00001
</span></span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">per share. We effectuated a reverse stock split
on September 17, 2024 of 1 for 8</span> <span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">shares of common stock. All share values within
this report have been retroactively adjusted to the post reverse split values. All outstanding shares of our common stock are of the
same class and have equal rights and attributes. The holders of our common stock are entitled to one vote per share on all matters submitted
to a vote of the stockholders of our company. Our common stock does not have cumulative voting rights. Persons who hold a majority of
the outstanding shares of our common stock entitled to vote on the election of directors can elect all of the directors who are eligible
for election. Holders of our common stock are entitled to share equally in dividends, if any, as may be declared from time to time by
our Board of Directors. In the event of liquidation, dissolution, or winding up of our company, subject to the preferential liquidation
rights of any series of preferred stock that we may from time to time designate, the holders of our common stock are entitled to share
ratably in all of our assets remaining after payment of all liabilities and preferential liquidation rights. Holders of our common stock
have no conversion, exchange, sinking fund, redemption, or appraisal rights (other than such as may be determined by the Board of Directors
in its sole discretion) and have no preemptive rights to subscribe for any of our securities.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify">During September 2024 we
sold to a certain institutional investor pursuant to a prospectus supplement and prospectus (i) <span id="xdx_904_eus-gaap--StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesOther_pid_c20240901__20240930__us-gaap--StatementEquityComponentsAxis__us-gaap--CommonStockMember_zDBqDI8DMti1" title="New shares issued">225,000</span> shares of common stock, par value
$<span id="xdx_901_eus-gaap--CommonStockParOrStatedValuePerShare_iI_c20240930__us-gaap--StatementEquityComponentsAxis__us-gaap--CommonStockMember_ztksppWpep43" title="Common stock, par value">0.00001</span> per share (the &#8220;Common Stock&#8221;), at an offering price of $<span id="xdx_904_eus-gaap--SharesIssuedPricePerShare_iI_c20240930__us-gaap--StatementEquityComponentsAxis__us-gaap--CommonStockMember_zwqwjbFFZgAj" title="Offering prices">3.44</span> per share, and (ii) pre-funded warrants to purchase
up to <span id="xdx_909_eus-gaap--ClassOfWarrantOrRightNumberOfSecuritiesCalledByWarrantsOrRights_iI_pid_c20240930__us-gaap--StatementEquityComponentsAxis__us-gaap--WarrantMember__us-gaap--RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis__us-gaap--InvestorMember_zrhbrZ54tJki" title="Purchase of warrants">400,000</span> shares of Common Stock, at an offering price of $<span id="xdx_901_eus-gaap--ClassOfWarrantOrRightExercisePriceOfWarrantsOrRights1_iI_c20240930__us-gaap--StatementEquityComponentsAxis__us-gaap--WarrantMember__us-gaap--RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis__us-gaap--InvestorMember_zZyOHdAtBlD8" title="Offering prices">3.43</span> per pre-funded warrant, to the investor whose purchase of Common
Stock in this offering would otherwise result in the investor, together with its affiliates and certain related parties, beneficially
own more than 4.99% (or at the election of the investor, 9.99%) of our outstanding common stock immediately following the consummation
of the offering. Each of the pre-funded warrants will be exercisable for one share of Common Stock. The pre-funded warrants had an exercise
price of $<span id="xdx_90D_eus-gaap--ClassOfWarrantOrRightExercisePriceOfWarrantsOrRights1_iI_c20241231__us-gaap--StatementEquityComponentsAxis__us-gaap--WarrantMember_zQY9hcjUIdd9" title="Offering prices">0.01</span> per share, were immediately exercisable and could be exercised at any time until all of the pre-funded warrants issued
in the offering were exercised in full. All <span id="xdx_909_eus-gaap--ClassOfWarrantOrRightNumberOfSecuritiesCalledByWarrantsOrRights_iI_pid_c20241031__us-gaap--StatementEquityComponentsAxis__us-gaap--WarrantMember_zYV8IpnL6O33" title="Purchase of warrants"><span id="xdx_90C_eus-gaap--ClassOfWarrantOrRightNumberOfSecuritiesCalledByWarrantsOrRights_iI_pid_c20241130__us-gaap--StatementEquityComponentsAxis__us-gaap--WarrantMember_zcwhiR8gVcVe" title="Purchase of warrants">400,000</span></span> pre-funded warrants were exercised during October and November 2024. The Company issued an aggregate of <span id="xdx_908_eus-gaap--StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesNewIssues_c20240901__20240930_z0NkJVanEwwk" title="Stock issued during period shares new issues">625,000</span> shares of common stock resulting in net proceeds of $<span id="xdx_900_eus-gaap--ProceedsFromIssuanceOfCommonStock_c20240901__20240930_zcxNaYlvlHBh" title="Net proceeds of direct offering">1,683,970</span> as a
result of the direct offering.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">In
a concurrent private placement, we issued to such institutional investor unregistered Series A warrants to purchase up to <span id="xdx_908_eus-gaap--ClassOfWarrantOrRightNumberOfSecuritiesCalledByWarrantsOrRights_iI_pid_c20241231__us-gaap--StatementEquityComponentsAxis__custom--UnregisteredSeriesAWarrantsMember_zNs8nyyf09H3">625,000
</span></span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">shares of Common Stock and unregistered Series
B warrants to purchase up to <span id="xdx_900_eus-gaap--ClassOfWarrantOrRightNumberOfSecuritiesCalledByWarrantsOrRights_iI_pid_c20241231__us-gaap--StatementEquityComponentsAxis__custom--UnregisteredSeriesBWarrantsMember_z0r9y1xkrB96">625,000
</span></span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">shares of Common Stock, which warrants will be
exercisable on the effective date of stockholder approval of the issuance of the shares upon exercise of the unregistered warrants (the
&#8220;Stockholder Approval&#8221;), at an exercise price of $<span id="xdx_90B_eus-gaap--ClassOfWarrantOrRightExercisePriceOfWarrantsOrRights1_iI_c20241231_zZfErgTczNn3">3.44
</span></span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">per share. The Series A warrants will expire
<span id="xdx_908_eus-gaap--WarrantsAndRightsOutstandingTerm_iI_dc_c20241231__us-gaap--StatementEquityComponentsAxis__custom--UnregisteredSeriesAWarrantsMember_zx3SgP7PIYb3">five
years</span></span> <span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">following the Stockholder Approval and the
Series B warrants will expire <span id="xdx_909_eus-gaap--WarrantsAndRightsOutstandingTerm_iI_dtM_c20241231__us-gaap--StatementEquityComponentsAxis__custom--UnregisteredSeriesBWarrantsMember_z60or0y7Lure">18</span>
months</span> <span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">following the Stockholder Approval. The
unregistered warrants and the unregistered common stock issuable upon the exercise of the warrants were offered pursuant to the exemptions
provided in Section 4(a)(2) under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, or the Securities Act, and/or Regulation D promulgated thereunder.
The Company adjourned its annual meeting until June 2, 2025 to continue to solicit votes for the approval of the unregistered Series
A and Series B warrants.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify; margin: 0pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
company issued <span id="xdx_90B_eus-gaap--ClassOfWarrantOrRightNumberOfSecuritiesCalledByWarrantsOrRights_iI_c20241231__us-gaap--ClassOfWarrantOrRightAxis__custom--September2024DirectOfferingMember_z2TSZWfaehc" title="Number of warrants issued">46,876</span> warrants to the underwriters of the September 2024 direct offering, with an exercise price of $<span id="xdx_905_eus-gaap--ClassOfWarrantOrRightExercisePriceOfWarrantsOrRights1_iI_pid_uUSDPShares_c20241231__us-gaap--ClassOfWarrantOrRightAxis__custom--September2024DirectOfferingMember_zl07FjVDdTxb" title="Exercise price">4.30</span> per common
share and an expiration date of September 4, 2029.</span></p>
<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify">Restricted <span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Common
shares issued for services</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
Company issued <span id="xdx_90B_eus-gaap--StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesIssuedForServices_pid_c20240101__20241231_zSRGzPd53Lrd" title="Common stock with a fair shares">12,500</span> shares of its common stock with a fair value of $<span id="xdx_906_eus-gaap--StockIssuedDuringPeriodValueIssuedForServices_pid_c20240101__20241231_znSACSpEsvwk" title="Common stock with a fair value">90,000</span> for services during the year ended December 31, 2024. The
Company issued <span id="xdx_903_eus-gaap--StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesIssuedForServices_pid_c20230101__20231231_z4KB6W9Q5KB1" title="Common stock with a fair shares">19,656</span> shares of its common stock with a fair value of $<span id="xdx_90D_eus-gaap--StockIssuedDuringPeriodValueIssuedForServices_pid_c20230101__20231231_zff3PhFTk0fi" title="Common stock with a fair value">138,546</span> for services during the year ended December 31, 2023.</span></p>
<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<span></span>
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<span style="display: none;">v3.25.2</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="id2">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="2"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>STOCK OPTION PLAN AND WARRANTS<br></strong></div></th>
<th class="th" colspan="1">12 Months Ended</th>
</tr>
<tr><th class="th"><div>Dec. 31, 2024</div></th></tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DisclosureOfCompensationRelatedCostsSharebasedPaymentsAbstract', window );"><strong>Share-Based Payment Arrangement [Abstract]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DisclosureOfCompensationRelatedCostsShareBasedPaymentsTextBlock', window );">STOCK OPTION PLAN AND WARRANTS</a></td>
<td class="text"><p id="xdx_80A_eus-gaap--DisclosureOfCompensationRelatedCostsShareBasedPaymentsTextBlock_z1JmD1fYF24h" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>NOTE
6 <span id="xdx_826_zGpIN0QJkm61">STOCK OPTION PLAN AND WARRANTS</span></b></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b><span style="text-decoration: underline">Stock
Options</span></b></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">On
January 18, 2010, we adopted the 2010 Stock Option Plan (the &#8220;2010 Option Plan&#8221;), which allows the Board to grant options
to purchase up to <span id="xdx_90A_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardNumberOfSharesAuthorized_iI_c20100118__us-gaap--PlanNameAxis__custom--TwoThousandTenStockOptionPlanMember_zucZHhMR2hMe" title="Number of shares authorized under plan">15,625</span> shares of common stock to directors, officers, key employees, and service providers of our company. In 2011,
the 2010 Option Plan was amended to increase the number of shares issuable under the 2010 Option Plan to <span id="xdx_90B_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardNumberOfSharesAuthorized_iI_c20111231__us-gaap--PlanNameAxis__custom--TwoThousandTenStockOptionPlanMember_zg8DJjiu9dKa" title="Number of shares authorized under plan">375,000</span> shares. In 2012, 2010
Option Plan was again amended to increase the number of shares issuable under the 2010 Option Plan to <span id="xdx_908_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardNumberOfSharesAuthorized_iI_c20121231__us-gaap--PlanNameAxis__custom--TwoThousandTenStockOptionPlanMember_zvqTvEE9nBg4" title="Number of shares authorized under plan">203,125</span> shares. The shares issuable
pursuant to the 2010 Option Plan are registered with the SEC under Forms S-8 filed on February 4, 2010 (No. 333- 164691), June 24, 2011
(No. 333-175143), and December 4, 2013 (No. 333-192655). The 2010 Option Plan expired on January 18, 2020. As of December 31, 2024 there
were <span id="xdx_902_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingNumber_iI_c20241231__us-gaap--PlanNameAxis__custom--TwoThousandTenStockOptionPlanMember_zZ25vPmT3Et9" title="Options outstanding">23,659</span> options outstanding under the 2010 Option Plan.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">On
December 15, 2020, we adopted the Iveda Solutions, Inc. 2020 Plan (the &#8220;2020 Plan&#8221;). The 2020 Plan has a maximum of <span id="xdx_905_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardNumberOfSharesAuthorized_iI_c20201215__us-gaap--PlanNameAxis__custom--TwoThousandTwentyPlanMember__srt--RangeAxis__srt--MaximumMember_zZQibX0vRHHf" title="Number of shares authorized under plan">156,250</span>
shares authorized with similar terms and conditions to the 2010 Option Plan. As of December 31, 2024 there were <span id="xdx_90C_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingNumber_iI_c20241231__us-gaap--PlanNameAxis__custom--TwoThousandTwentyPlanMember_z64ETCNZolkd" title="Options outstanding">193,397</span> options outstanding
under the 2020 Option Plan. The shares issuable pursuant to the 2020 Option Plan are registered with the SEC under Forms S-8 filed on
October 7, 2022 (No. 333- 267792). In 2024, the 2020 Option Plan was amended to increase the number of shares issuable under the 2020
Option Plan to <span id="xdx_902_eus-gaap--StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesNewIssues_c20240101__20241231__us-gaap--PlanNameAxis__custom--TwoThousandTwentyPlanMember_zUEVuviDfbK7" title="Share issuable">656,250</span> shares.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>




<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">As
of December 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, there were <span id="xdx_904_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingNumber_iI_c20241231__us-gaap--PlanNameAxis__custom--StockOptionPlanMember_zm5ziIHQOoNb" title="Options outstanding">217,056</span> and <span id="xdx_90E_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingNumber_iI_c20231231__us-gaap--PlanNameAxis__custom--StockOptionPlanMember_zsGBxl9SU2Bc" title="Options outstanding">162,265</span> options outstanding, respectively, under all the option plans.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Stock
options may be granted as either incentive stock options intended to qualify under Section 422 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986,
as amended (the &#8220;Code&#8221;), or as options not qualified under Section 422 of the Code. All options are issued with an exercise
price at or above the fair market value of the common stock on the date of the grant as determined by our Board of Directors. Incentive
stock option plan awards of restricted stock are intended to qualify as deductible performance-based compensation under Section 162(m)
of the Code. Incentive Stock Option awards of unrestricted stock are not designed to be deductible to us under Section 162(m). Under
the plans, stock options will terminate on the tenth anniversary date of the grant or earlier if provided in the grant.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">We
have also granted non-qualified stock options to employees and contractors. All non-qualified options are generally issued with an
exercise price no less than the fair value of the common stock on the date of the grant as determined by our Board of Directors.
Options may be exercised up to ten years following the date of the grant, with vesting schedules determined by us upon grant.
Vesting schedules vary by grant, with some fully vesting immediately upon grant to others that ratably vest over a period of time up
to four years. Standard vested options may be exercised up to three months following date of termination of the relationship unless
alternate terms are specified at grant. The fair values of options are determined using the Black-Scholes option-pricing model. The
estimated fair value of options is recognized as expense on the straight-line basis over the options&#8217; vesting periods. At
December 31, 2024, we had approximately $<span id="xdx_903_eus-gaap--EmployeeServiceShareBasedCompensationNonvestedAwardsTotalCompensationCostNotYetRecognized_iI_pp0p0_c20241231_zbEOC4qslIRd" title="Unrecognized stock- based compensation">32,800</span>
unrecognized stock-based compensation. During 2024 and 2023, the Company granted <span id="xdx_90A_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsGrantsInPeriod_c20240101__20241231_zV1kGGR2s9Mh" title="Shares granted">79,000</span>
and <span id="xdx_90F_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsGrantsInPeriod_c20230101__20231231_zXEFVGh6DAN7" title="Shares granted">37,188</span>
stock options with a weighted average fair value of $<span id="xdx_909_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsGrantsInPeriodWeightedAverageGrantDateFairValue_pid_c20240101__20241231_z3Afnqmg225d" title="Fair value">1.10</span>
and $<span id="xdx_905_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsGrantsInPeriodWeightedAverageGrantDateFairValue_pid_c20230101__20231231_zJ63YE6Mp6x4" title="Fair value">0.34</span> per share,
respectively. The Company recorded stock compensation costs of $<span id="xdx_900_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensation_c20240101__20241231_zzmhbIea6lDc" title="Stock option compensation">122,600</span>
and $<span id="xdx_90B_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensation_c20230101__20231231_zDsjaSQVKnCe" title="Stock option compensation">104,600</span>
on vesting of the options during 2024 and 2023, respectively.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p id="xdx_89D_eus-gaap--DisclosureOfShareBasedCompensationArrangementsByShareBasedPaymentAwardTextBlock_z90JcSGkVIoa" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Stock
option transactions during 2024 and 2023 were as follows:</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><span id="xdx_8B8_z1UedftvW1m3" style="display: none">SCHEDULE
OF STOCK OPTION TRANSACTIONS</span></span></p>

<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 90%">
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
    <td>&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
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    <td>&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
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    <td colspan="2">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td colspan="2">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
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  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
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    <td>Exercised</td><td>&#160;</td>
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  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
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  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 2.5pt">Outstanding at End of Year</td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td id="xdx_98F_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingNumber_iE_c20240101__20241231_zhKEyZok6BIg" style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right" title="Shares, Outstanding at End of Year">217,056</td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt">&#160;</td>
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  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 2.5pt">Options Exercisable at Year-End</td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td id="xdx_98F_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsExercisableNumber_iE_c20240101__20241231_zBGShw5GZtC6" style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right" title="Shares, Options Exercisable at End of Year">214,525</td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt">&#160;</td>
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  </table>

<p id="xdx_8AC_za9IghmJzAY8" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p id="xdx_898_eus-gaap--ScheduleOfShareBasedCompensationSharesAuthorizedUnderStockOptionPlansByExercisePriceRangeTextBlock_zcAnqU3wxzH2" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Information
with respect to stock options outstanding and exercisable at December 31, 2024 is as follows:</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><span id="xdx_8BE_zgYwm8vRl8pg" style="display: none">SCHEDULE
OF STOCK OPTION OUTSTANDING AND EXERCISABLE AND EXERCISABLE EXERCISE PRICE RANGE</span></span></p>

<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom">
    <td colspan="2" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="10" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Options
    Outstanding</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="6" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Options
    Exercisable</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom">
    <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Range
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    Exercise<br/>
    Prices</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
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    December 31,<br/>
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    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
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    Remaining<br/>
    Contractual <br/>
    Life</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
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    Exercise <br/>
    Price</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
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    Exercisable at <br/>
    December 31,<br/>
    2024</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
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    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
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    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
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    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 2%"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
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    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 2%"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">$</span></td>
    <td id="xdx_982_eus-gaap--SharebasedCompensationSharesAuthorizedUnderStockOptionPlansExercisePriceRangeOutstandingOptionsWeightedAverageExercisePriceBeginningBalance1_iI_c20241231_zekICGfJBzvg" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 13%; text-align: right" title="Options Outstanding, Weighted-Average Exercise Price"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">4.50</span></td>
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    <td id="xdx_98B_eus-gaap--SharebasedCompensationSharesAuthorizedUnderStockOptionPlansExercisePriceRangeExercisableOptionsWeightedAverageExercisePrice1_iI_c20241231_zZL0g3Nns6Ef" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 13%; text-align: right" title="Options Exercisable, Weighted-Average Exercise Price"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">18.74</span></td>
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<p id="xdx_8AA_zff9kOXYVdYe" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
fair value of each option granted is estimated on the date of grant using the Black-Scholes option-pricing model with the following weighted-average
assumptions used for options granted.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>




<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p id="xdx_898_eus-gaap--ScheduleOfStockholdersEquityNoteWarrantsOrRightsTextBlock_zGlGGmhjOsnd" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Warrant
transactions during 2024 and 2023 were as follows:</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><span id="xdx_8B0_zeGUnGD4sIDd" style="display: none">SCHEDULE OF WARRANT TRANSACTIONS</span></span></p>

<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 90%">
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
    <td>&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
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    <td colspan="6" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: center">2023</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
    <td>&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
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  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
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    <td colspan="2">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td colspan="2">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
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  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
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    <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left">$</td><td id="xdx_982_ecustom--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardNonOptionsOutstandingWeightedAverageExercisePrice_iS_c20240101__20241231_zQ4KnOhZk0rb" style="width: 10%; text-align: right" title="Weighted-Average Exercise Price, Outstanding at Beginning of Year">75.34</td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="width: 2%">&#160;</td>
    <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td id="xdx_98E_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardNonOptionEquityInstrumentsOutstandingNumber_iS_c20230101__20231231_zh8suGgKmVfk" style="width: 10%; text-align: right" title="Shares, Outstanding at Beginning of Year">779,208</td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="width: 2%">&#160;</td>
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  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
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  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td>Exercised</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td id="xdx_988_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardNonOptionEquityInstrumentsExercised_iN_di_c20240101__20241231_zQf5dGx06qaj" style="text-align: right" title="Shares, Exercised"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl0924">-</span></td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
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  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
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    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td id="xdx_989_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardNonOptionEquityInstrumentsForfeitures_iN_di_c20240101__20241231_zKkiW1LP1Frj" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right" title="Shares, Forfeited or Canceled">(46,537</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">)</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td id="xdx_985_ecustom--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardNonOptionsForfeitedCancelledWeightedAverageExercisePrice_c20240101__20241231_z6zYwACV5xqg" style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: right" title="Weighted-Average Exercise Price, Forfeited or Canceled">24.23</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
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  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
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    <td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td id="xdx_98E_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardNonOptionEquityInstrumentsOutstandingNumber_iE_c20240101__20241231_zjwXUHhTKPLf" style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right" title="Shares, Outstanding at End of Year">1,882,076</td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td id="xdx_984_ecustom--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardNonOptionsOutstandingWeightedAverageExercisePrice_iE_c20240101__20241231_zdfg0k3khDR1" style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: right" title="Weighted-Average Exercise Price, Outstanding at End of Year">2.84</td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td id="xdx_984_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardNonOptionEquityInstrumentsOutstandingNumber_iE_c20230101__20231231_z84zNm87bMj2" style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right" title="Shares, Outstanding at End of Year">631,737</td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td id="xdx_982_ecustom--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardNonOptionsOutstandingWeightedAverageExercisePrice_iE_c20230101__20231231_zUsEwqmpdAzk" style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: right" title="Weighted-Average Exercise Price, Outstanding at End of Year">75.34</td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 2.5pt">Warrant Exercisable at Year-End</td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td id="xdx_984_ecustom--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardNonOptionEquityInstrumentsExercisableNumber_iE_c20240101__20241231_zKbr7uGbK7ob" style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right" title="Shares, Options Exercisable at End of Year">585,200</td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td id="xdx_98C_ecustom--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardNonOptionsExercisableWeightedAverageExercisePrice_iE_c20240101__20241231_zyur0I7xpNF3" style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: right" title="Weighted-Average Exercise Price, Options Exercisable at End of Year">2.84</td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td id="xdx_988_ecustom--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardNonOptionEquityInstrumentsExercisableNumber_iE_c20230101__20231231_zfRjZx3kH225" style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right" title="Shares, Options Exercisable at End of Year">631,737</td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td id="xdx_980_ecustom--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardNonOptionsExercisableWeightedAverageExercisePrice_iE_c20230101__20231231_zkd2LCAPU7i5" style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: right" title="Weighted-Average Exercise Price, Options Exercisable at End of Year">75.34</td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 2.5pt">Weighted-Average Fair Value of Warrants Granted During the Year</td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left">$</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right"><span id="xdx_90E_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsGrantsInPeriodWeightedAverageGrantDateFairValue_c20240101__20241231_zExMkY5Hc6jd" title="Weighted-Average Fair Value of Options Granted During the Period">0.25</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left">$</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right"><span id="xdx_90C_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsGrantsInPeriodWeightedAverageGrantDateFairValue_c20230101__20231231_zC0ZVMxkqrV1" title="Weighted-Average Fair Value of Options Granted During the Period">0.24</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  </table>

<p id="xdx_8A3_zVwACKra1zHl" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p id="xdx_895_ecustom--ScheduleOfStockholdersEquityNoteWarrantsTableTextBlock_zKUSb3JVLPm5" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Information
with respect to warrants outstanding and exercisable at December 31, 2024 is as follows:</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><span id="xdx_8B5_zARhjQfxqn0c" style="display: none">SUMMARY
OF WARRANTS OUTSTANDING AND EXERCISABLE</span></span></p>

<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%">
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
    <td colspan="2" style="text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="10" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Warrants
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    <td colspan="6" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Warrants
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  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
    <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Range
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    <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Number
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    <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Weighted-
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    <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Weighted-
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    <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Number
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    <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Weighted-
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  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
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                                            -$<span id="xdx_90D_eus-gaap--ClassOfWarrantOrRightExercisePriceOfWarrantsOrRights1_iI_c20241231__srt--RangeAxis__srt--MaximumMember_zs3LkhY1uFSj" title="Range of Exercise Prices">85.12</span></span></td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="width: 2%"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td id="xdx_98C_eus-gaap--ClassOfWarrantOrRightOutstanding_iI_c20241231__us-gaap--AwardTypeAxis__us-gaap--WarrantMember_zobKJToZITDa" style="width: 13%; text-align: right" title="Warrants Outstanding"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">1,882,076</span></td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="width: 2%"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
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    <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">$</span></td><td id="xdx_98D_ecustom--WarrantsExercisableWeightedAverageExercisePriceValue_iI_c20241231__us-gaap--AwardTypeAxis__us-gaap--WarrantMember_zDFsfmgoFkXc" style="width: 13%; text-align: right" title="Warrants Exercisable, Weighted-Average Exercise Price"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">22.59</span></td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td></tr>
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<p id="xdx_8AE_zVPGi4Yh9O68" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
fair value of each warrant granted is estimated on the date of grant using the Black-Scholes option-pricing model with the following
weighted-average assumptions used for options granted.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">During the year ended December 31, 2023, warrant
holders exercised <span id="xdx_909_ecustom--StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesStockWarrantsExercised_c20230101__20231231_zSxq8idQcQJc" title="Exercised warrants, shares">118,238</span> warrants to acquire <span id="xdx_909_ecustom--StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesStockWarrantsToAcquire_c20230101__20231231_zwPbpgRUNU1i" title="Acquire shares">118,238</span> shares for net proceeds to the Company of $<span id="xdx_90C_eus-gaap--ProceedsFromIssuanceOfWarrants_c20230101__20231231_zOjTxci1071e" title="Net proceeds">1,322,885</span>.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>




<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<span></span>
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<span style="display: none;">v3.25.2</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="id2">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="2"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>INCOME TAXES<br></strong></div></th>
<th class="th" colspan="1">12 Months Ended</th>
</tr>
<tr><th class="th"><div>Dec. 31, 2024</div></th></tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_IncomeTaxDisclosureAbstract', window );"><strong>Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_IncomeTaxDisclosureTextBlock', window );">INCOME TAXES</a></td>
<td class="text"><p id="xdx_807_eus-gaap--IncomeTaxDisclosureTextBlock_z2Zd0lRvmuDh" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>NOTE
7 <span id="xdx_82F_z4U2tOqZNETd">INCOME TAXES</span></b></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b><span style="text-decoration: underline">U.S.
Federal Corporate Income Tax</span></b></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
Company uses an asset and liability approach for accounting and reporting for income taxes that allows recognition and measurement of
deferred tax assets based upon the likelihood of realization of tax benefits in future years. Under the asset and liability approach,
deferred taxes are provided for the net tax effects of temporary differences between the carrying amounts of assets and liabilities for
financial reporting purposes and the amounts used for income tax purposes. A valuation allowance is provided for deferred tax assets
if it is more likely than not these items will either expire before the Company is able to realize their benefits, or that future deductibility
is uncertain. The Company&#8217;s policy is to recognize interest and/or penalties related to income tax matters in income tax expense.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">At
December 31, 2024, the Company had available Federal and state net operating loss carryforwards to reduce future taxable income. As of December 31, 2024, we had federal and state net operating loss carryforwards
for income tax purposes of approximately $<span id="xdx_900_eus-gaap--OperatingLossCarryforwards_iI_pn6n6_c20241231__us-gaap--IncomeTaxAuthorityAxis__us-gaap--DomesticCountryMember_zmoLmIAjHeh5" title="Operating loss carryforwards">38</span> million which will begin to expire in 2025. We also have Arizona net operating loss carryforwards
for income tax purposes of approximately $ <span id="xdx_900_eus-gaap--OperatingLossCarryforwards_iI_pn5n6_c20241231__us-gaap--IncomeTaxAuthorityAxis__us-gaap--ForeignCountryMember_zVvH4Dew54Lh" title="Operating loss carryforwards">12.0</span> million which expire after five years. These carryforwards have been utilized in the determination
of the deferred income taxes for financial statement purposes.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify">Given the Company&#8217;s history of net operating
losses, management has determined that it is more likely than not that the Company will not be able to realize the tax benefit of the
carryforwards. Accordingly, The Company has not recognized a deferred tax asset for this benefit. Section 382 generally limits the use
of NOLs and credits following an ownership change, which occurs when one or more <i>5 </i>percent shareholders increase their ownership,
in aggregate, by more than 50 percentage points over the lowest percentage of stock owned by such shareholders at any time during the
&#8220;testing period&#8221; (generally three years).</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
Company has adopted FASB guidelines that address the determination of whether lax benefits claimed or expected to be claimed on a tax
return should be recorded in the financial statements. Under this guidance, we may recognize the lax benefit from an uncertain lax position
only if it is more likely than not that the tax position will be sustained on examination by the taxing authorities, based on the technical
merits of the position. The tax benefits recognized in the financial statements from such a position should be measured based on the
largest benefit that has a greater than fifty percent likelihood of being realized upon ultimate settlement. This guidance also provides
guidance on de-recognition, classification, interest and penalties on income taxes, accounting in interim periods and requires increased
disclosures. As of December 31, 2024 and 2023, the Company did not have a liability for unrecognized tax benefits, and no adjustment
was required at adoption.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
Company&#8217;s policy is to record interest and penalties on uncertain tax provisions as income tax expense. As of December 31, 2024,
and 2023, the Company has not accrued interest or penalties related to uncertain tax positions. Additionally, tax years 2021 through
2024 remain open to examination by the major taxing jurisdictions to which the Company is subject.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Upon
the attainment of taxable income by the Company, management will assess the likelihood of realizing the tax benefit associated with the
use of the carryforwards and will recognize the appropriate deferred tax asset at that time.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p id="xdx_89A_eus-gaap--ScheduleOfEffectiveIncomeTaxRateReconciliationTableTextBlock_zyNEi8BYX8z7" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
Company&#8217;s effective income tax rate differs from the amount computed by applying the federal statutory income tax rate to loss
before income taxes as follows:</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;<span id="xdx_8BF_z7rLHVyey1S8" style="display: none">SCHEDULE
OF EFFECTIVE TAX RATE</span></span></p>

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<tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: center">&#160;</td>
    <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: center">December 31, 2024</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: center">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: center">&#160;</td>
    <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: center">December 31, 2023</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: center">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="width: 64%; text-align: left">Income tax benefit at federal statutory rate</td><td style="width: 2%">&#160;</td>
    <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td id="xdx_988_eus-gaap--EffectiveIncomeTaxRateReconciliationAtFederalStatutoryIncomeTaxRate_iN_pid_dpi_uPure_maABC_c20240101__20241231_zbKOVZNFBrG3" style="width: 14%; text-align: right" title="Income tax benefit at federal statutory rate">(21.0</td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left">)%</td><td style="width: 2%">&#160;</td>
    <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td id="xdx_981_eus-gaap--EffectiveIncomeTaxRateReconciliationAtFederalStatutoryIncomeTaxRate_iN_pid_dpi_uPure_maABC_c20230101__20231231_z61pIU4YDaFj" style="width: 14%; text-align: right" title="Income tax benefit at federal statutory rate">(21,0</td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left">)%</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="text-align: left">State income tax benefit, net of federal benefit</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td id="xdx_983_eus-gaap--EffectiveIncomeTaxRateReconciliationStateAndLocalIncomeTaxes_pid_dp_uPure_maABC_c20240101__20241231_zlIrPV2sAYC3" style="text-align: right" title="State income tax benefit, net of federal benefit">(5.0</td><td style="text-align: left">)%</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td id="xdx_985_eus-gaap--EffectiveIncomeTaxRateReconciliationStateAndLocalIncomeTaxes_pid_dp_uPure_maABC_c20230101__20231231_z6zbekzv1lHi" style="text-align: right" title="State income tax benefit, net of federal benefit">(5.0</td><td style="text-align: left">)%</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="text-align: left">Change in valuation allowance</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td id="xdx_982_eus-gaap--EffectiveIncomeTaxRateReconciliationChangeInDeferredTaxAssetsValuationAllowance_pid_dp_uPure_maABC_c20240101__20241231_zr21bp7zMWGb" style="text-align: right" title="Change in valuation allowance">26</td><td style="text-align: left">%</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td id="xdx_980_eus-gaap--EffectiveIncomeTaxRateReconciliationChangeInDeferredTaxAssetsValuationAllowance_pid_dp_uPure_maABC_c20230101__20231231_zqEvqyfegpti" style="text-align: right" title="Change in valuation allowance">26.0</td><td style="text-align: left">%</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="text-align: left">Income taxes at effective rate</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td id="xdx_983_eus-gaap--EffectiveIncomeTaxRateContinuingOperations_pid_dp_uPure_mtABC_c20240101__20241231_z7KRIcFhLdS4" style="text-align: right" title="Income taxes at effective rate"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1002">-</span></td><td style="text-align: left">%</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td id="xdx_983_eus-gaap--EffectiveIncomeTaxRateContinuingOperations_pid_dp_uPure_mtABC_c20230101__20231231_zmdzkVwR5M18" style="text-align: right" title="Income taxes at effective rate"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1004">-</span></td><td style="text-align: left">%</td></tr>
  </table>

<p id="xdx_8A3_zVNucUDg7P32" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>




<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p id="xdx_893_eus-gaap--ScheduleOfDeferredTaxAssetsAndLiabilitiesTableTextBlock_znvs0DOOlUG8" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Temporary
differences between financial statement carrying amounts and the tax basis of assets and liabilities and tax credit and operating loss
carryforward that create deferred tax assets and liabilities are as follows:</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><span id="xdx_8BB_zCmuttW59pZd" style="display: none">SCHEDULE
OF DEFERRED TAX ASSETS AND LIABILITIES</span></span></p>

<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 80%">
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="text-align: center">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td colspan="2" id="xdx_496_20241231_ztvBIXsojfHj" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: center">2024</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
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  <tr id="xdx_401_eus-gaap--DeferredTaxAssetsOperatingLossCarryforwardsDomestic_iI_maDTALNzqL8_zNGK2nR2zaJ2" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
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    <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left">$</td><td style="width: 16%; text-align: right">9,900,000</td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="width: 2%">&#160;</td>
    <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left">$</td><td style="width: 16%; text-align: right">7,800,000</td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_405_ecustom--UnamortizedResearchAndDevelopmentCosts_iI_maDTALNzqL8_zF547Q75xFQ9" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="text-align: left">Unamortized Research and Development Costs</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right"><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">207,000</p></td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right"><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">175,000</p></td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_403_eus-gaap--DeferredTaxAssetsValuationAllowance_iNI_di_msDTALNzqL8_z1EcYVdAKqie" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
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    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right">(10,107,000</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">)</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right">(7,975,000</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">)</td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_402_eus-gaap--DeferredTaxAssetsLiabilitiesNet_iTI_mtDTALNzqL8_z9bZsgm0LL69" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 2.5pt">Deferred Tax Assets, Net</td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left">$</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1017">-</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left">$</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1018">-</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
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<p id="xdx_8AD_zXCgzu5Uijyg" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
valuation allowance increased approximately $<span id="xdx_90A_eus-gaap--OperatingLossCarryforwardsValuationAllowance_iI_pn5n6_c20241231__us-gaap--StatementBusinessSegmentsAxis__custom--UsBasedSegmentMember_z8YkCJILtCF1" title="Valuation allowance increased">0.8</span> million, primarily as a result of the increased net operating losses of our U.S.- based
segment.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b><span style="text-decoration: underline">Taiwan
(Republic of China) Corporate Tax</span></b></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><span id="xdx_90D_ecustom--GovernmentCorporateTaxRate_c20240101__20241231_zsSqiqGRpfR" title="Corporate tax rate">Sole-Vision
Technologies, Inc. is a subsidiary of the Company which is operating in Taiwan as a profit-seeking enterprise. Its applicable corporate
income tax rate is 20%. In addition, Taiwan&#8217;s corporate tax system allows the government to levy a 10% profit retention tax on
undistributed earnings for the prior year. This tax will not be provided if the company distributed the earnings before the ended of
the fiscal year</span>.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">According
to the Taiwan corporate income tax (&#8220;TCIT&#8221;) reporting system, the TCIT sales cut-off base is concurrent with the business
tax classified as value-added type (&#8220;VAT&#8221;) which will be reported to the Ministry of Finance (&#8220;MOF&#8221;) on a bi-monthly
basis. Since the VAT and TCIT are accounted for on a VAT tax basis that recorded all sales on business tax on a VAT tax reporting system,
the Company is bound to report the TCIT according to the MOF prescribed tax reporting rules. Under the VAT tax reporting system, sales
cut-off did not take the accrual base but rather on a VAT taxable reporting basis. Therefore, when the company adopted US GAAP on accrual
basis, the sales cut-off TCIT timing difference which derived from the VAT reporting system will create a temporary sales cut-off timing
difference and this difference is reflected in the deferred tax assets or liabilities calculations.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>




<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<span></span>
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<span style="display: none;">v3.25.2</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="id2">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="2"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>EARNINGS (LOSS) PER SHARE<br></strong></div></th>
<th class="th" colspan="1">12 Months Ended</th>
</tr>
<tr><th class="th"><div>Dec. 31, 2024</div></th></tr>
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<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_EarningsPerShareAbstract', window );"><strong>Earnings Per Share [Abstract]</strong></a></td>
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<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_EarningsPerShareTextBlock', window );">EARNINGS (LOSS) PER SHARE</a></td>
<td class="text"><p id="xdx_809_eus-gaap--EarningsPerShareTextBlock_zR2k4lpGxQY9" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>NOTE
8 <span id="xdx_82B_zDuEfp9fVvDb">EARNINGS (LOSS) PER SHARE</span></b></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
following table provides a reconciliation of the numerators and denominators reflected in the basic and diluted earnings per share computations,
as required by ASC No. 260, &#8220;Earnings per Share.&#8221;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Basic
earnings per share (&#8220;EPS&#8221;) is computed by dividing reported earnings available to stockholders by the weighted average shares
outstanding. We had net losses for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023 and the effect of including dilutive securities in the
earnings per common share would have been anti-dilutive for the purpose of calculating EPS. Accordingly, all options, warrants, and shares
potentially convertible into common shares were excluded from the calculation of diluted earnings per share for the periods ended December
31, 2024 and 2023.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p id="xdx_890_eus-gaap--ScheduleOfEarningsPerShareBasicAndDilutedTableTextBlock_zlPBcSqfDPUd" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><span id="xdx_8B3_zRN9XztZdsha" style="display: none">SCHEDULE OF EARNINGS PER SHARE BASIC AND DILUTED</span></span></p>

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    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_403_eus-gaap--ProfitLoss_zBNw75KQbIw6" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: white">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 40%"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Net
    Loss</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 2%"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">$</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 16%; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(3,980,820</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">)</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 2%"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">$</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 16%; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(4,142,666</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">)</span></td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_40A_ecustom--WeightedAverageSharesOutstandingBasic_zO0bWbLcfYgi" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: #CCEEFF">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Weighted
    Average Shares</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">2,203,893</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">1,996,678</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_406_eus-gaap--EarningsPerShareBasic_pid_zCKYju0VzkH7" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: white">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Basic
    Loss Per Share</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: black 2.25pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">$</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: black 2.25pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(1.81</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">)</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: black 2.25pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">$</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: black 2.25pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(2.07</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">)</span></td></tr>
  </table>
<p id="xdx_8AC_zma5zrIG5cq" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"></span></p>

<p id="xdx_897_eus-gaap--ScheduleOfAntidilutiveSecuritiesExcludedFromComputationOfEarningsPerShareTextBlock_zyXgBCT4gShd" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">For
the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, the calculations of basic and diluted loss per share are the same because potential dilutive
securities would have had an anti-dilutive effect. The potentially dilutive securities consisted of the following:</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span id="xdx_8B2_zHrq9zObvwWg" style="display: none">SCHEDULE OF BASIC AND DILUTED LOSS PER SHARES SECURITIES</span></p>

<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 12pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
    <td><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>
    <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"></p>
    <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"></p></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="2" id="xdx_497_20240101__20241231_zUkFLqtM7Hv3" style="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>December
    31, 2024</b></span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="2" id="xdx_496_20230101__20231231_zlGDgS85fjjh" style="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>December
    31, 2023</b></span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_400_eus-gaap--AntidilutiveSecuritiesExcludedFromComputationOfEarningsPerShareAmount_hus-gaap--AntidilutiveSecuritiesExcludedFromComputationOfEarningsPerShareByAntidilutiveSecuritiesAxis__us-gaap--WarrantMember_zi2bGHCVXsg" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: #CCEEFF">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 62%"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Warrants</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 16%; text-align: right">1,882,076</td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 16%; text-align: right">631,737</td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_407_eus-gaap--AntidilutiveSecuritiesExcludedFromComputationOfEarningsPerShareAmount_hus-gaap--AntidilutiveSecuritiesExcludedFromComputationOfEarningsPerShareByAntidilutiveSecuritiesAxis__us-gaap--EmployeeStockOptionMember_zLEWNFaUzAW7" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: white">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Options</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right">217,016</td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right">162,625</td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_403_eus-gaap--AntidilutiveSecuritiesExcludedFromComputationOfEarningsPerShareAmount_zctC0W22WFf7" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: #CCEEFF">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Total</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: black 2.25pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: black 2.25pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right">2,099,092</td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: black 2.25pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: black 2.25pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right">794,362</td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  </table>
<p id="xdx_8AB_zJq6KvpFILwb" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><b></b></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><b></b></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><b></b></p>
<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The entire disclosure for earnings per share.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 260<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (c)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482662/260-10-50-1<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 260<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/260/tableOfContent<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 260<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482662/260-10-50-2<br><br>Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 260<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 3<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482662/260-10-50-3<br></p></div>
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<span style="display: none;">v3.25.2</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="id2">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="2"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>CONTINGENT LIABILITIES<br></strong></div></th>
<th class="th" colspan="1">12 Months Ended</th>
</tr>
<tr><th class="th"><div>Dec. 31, 2024</div></th></tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_CommitmentsAndContingenciesDisclosureAbstract', window );"><strong>Commitments and Contingencies Disclosure [Abstract]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_CommitmentsAndContingenciesDisclosureTextBlock', window );">CONTINGENT LIABILITIES</a></td>
<td class="text"><p id="xdx_801_eus-gaap--CommitmentsAndContingenciesDisclosureTextBlock_zNWLhjtIYiia" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>NOTE
9 <span id="xdx_822_zwvnluz2wlef">CONTINGENT LIABILITIES</span></b></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify">The Company may be involved in certain legal proceedings
that arise from time to time in the ordinary course of our business. Except for income tax contingencies, we record accruals for contingencies
to the extent that our management concludes that the occurrence is probable and that the related amounts of loss can be reasonably estimated.
Management believes the accompanying financial statements include all provisions, of any, for any potential losses. Legal expenses associated
with the contingency are expensed as incurred.</p>
<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">On
September 13, 2024 Aegis Capital Corp. commenced an action against <span id="xdx_908_eus-gaap--LossContingencyNameOfPlaintiff_c20240913__20240913__dei--LegalEntityAxis__custom--AegisCapitalCorpMember_zAepC2lRdqF1" title="Loss contingency name of plaintiff">the Company alleging that it had breached the provisions of a
Placement Agency Agreement (PPA) dated June 24, 2024 and that the Company was required to pay the plaintiff placement agent fees as
a result of the Company&#8217;s September 4, 2024 direct offering of $2.15 million with H. C. Wainwright. The Company rejects
the Plaintiff&#8217;s claims that it is due the 7% plus expenses in the PPA and asserts that the PAA had been terminated on August
15, 2024 due to the plaintiff&#8217;s non-performance and that the plaintiff is not entitled to any fees in the offering since it
raised none of the funds in the offering. The action is currently in the discovery stage and the Company intends to vigorously
defend the action.</span></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify; margin: 0">Related to Iveda Taiwan pursuant to certain contracts with Chicony Power
Technology Co., Ltd., Shihlin Electric &amp; Engineering Corporation, Chung-Hsin Electric and Machinery Manufacturing Corp., and National
Chung Shan Institute of Science and Technology, Iveda Taiwan is required to provide after-project services. If Iveda Taiwan fails to
provide these after-project services in the future, other parties of the related contract would have recourse. The financial exposure
to Iveda Taiwan in the event of failure to provide after- project services in the future as of December 31, 2024 is $<span id="xdx_90D_eus-gaap--ConcentrationRiskCreditRiskFinancialInstrumentMaximumExposure_pp0p0_c20240101__20241231__dei--LegalEntityAxis__custom--MegasysMember_zIyhxemynvy3">339,042</span>.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p>

<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<div style="display: none;">
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_CommitmentsAndContingenciesDisclosureAbstract">
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The entire disclosure for commitments and contingencies.</p></div>
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<span style="display: none;">v3.25.2</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="id2">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="2"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>SEGMENT INFORMATION<br></strong></div></th>
<th class="th" colspan="1">12 Months Ended</th>
</tr>
<tr><th class="th"><div>Dec. 31, 2024</div></th></tr>
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<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_SegmentReportingAbstract', window );"><strong>Segment Reporting [Abstract]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
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<td class="text"><p id="xdx_80A_eus-gaap--SegmentReportingDisclosureTextBlock_zrt98ungJiv3" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>NOTE
10 <span><span><span id="xdx_82E_zBDRn4aT7kne">SEGMENT INFORMATION</span> </span></span></b></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b><span>&#160;</span></b></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
Company operates and manages its business as two reportable and operating segments. The Company&#8217;s CODM reviews financial information
presented and decides how to allocate resources based on net income (loss). Net income (loss) is used for evaluating financial performance.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify">Significant segment expenses include salaries and
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and entertainment, software subscription and other administrative expenses for the US and salaries and payroll, insurance, rent, travel
and entertainment, office supplies and postage, pension and other administrative expenses. The following table presents the significant
segment expenses and other segment items regularly reviewed by our CODM.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"></p>



<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b></b></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b></b></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"></p>
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<p id="xdx_8A5_zMEXSDWECV79" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>&#160;</b></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b></b></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify">Furthermore, due to operations in various geographic
locations, we are susceptible to changes in national, regional, and local economic conditions, demographic trends, consumer confidence
in the economy, and discretionary spending priorities that may have a material adverse effect on our future operations and results.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify">We are required to collect certain taxes and fees
from customers on behalf of government agencies and remit them back to the applicable governmental agencies on a periodic basis. The taxes
and fees are legal assessments to the customer, for which we have a legal obligation to act as a collection agent. Because we do not retain
the taxes and fees, we do not include such amounts in revenue. We record a liability when the amounts are collected and relieve the liability
when payments are made to the applicable governmental agencies.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>&#160;</b></span></p>

<p id="xdx_891_ecustom--LongLivedAssetsAndLiabilitiesByGeographicAreasTableTextBlock_zDIwL422BAPc" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
net assets (liabilities) for our significant geographic regions are as follows:</span></p>

<p style="font: 12pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;<span id="xdx_8B2_zpBwG12MBrK6" style="display: none">SCHEDULE
OF NET ASSETS LIABILITIES BY GEOGRAPHIC REGIONS</span></span></p>

<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 90%">
  <tr style="display: none; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td id="xdx_493_20241231_zOw9pRwNlldl" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td id="xdx_49C_20231231_zkqpjglcyV86" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
<tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
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    <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: center">For the Year Ended</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td></tr>
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    <td>&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: center">December 31, 2024</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: center">December 31, 2023</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td></tr>
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    <td style="width: 64%; text-align: left">United States</td><td style="width: 2%">&#160;</td>
    <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left">$</td><td style="width: 14%; text-align: right">1,775,554</td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="width: 2%">&#160;</td>
    <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left">$</td><td style="width: 14%; text-align: right">3,741,367</td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_401_eus-gaap--NoncurrentAssets_iI_hsrt--StatementGeographicalAxis__custom--RepublicOfChinaTaiwanMember_z0Vp9lctyM88" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1pt">Republic of China (Taiwan)</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">$</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right">729,885</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">$</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right">907,113</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
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    <td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1pt">Total Consolidated</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">$</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right">2,505,439</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">$</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right">4,648,480</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"></p>

<p id="xdx_8A2_zjkZmfN07tG2" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><b>&#160;</b></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><b></b></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><b></b></p>
<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b></b></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b></b></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b></b></span></p>

<span></span>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The entire disclosure for reporting segments including data and tables. Reportable segments include those that meet any of the following quantitative thresholds a) it's reported revenue, including sales to external customers and intersegment sales or transfers is 10 percent or more of the combined revenue, internal and external, of all operating segments b) the absolute amount of its reported profit or loss is 10 percent or more of the greater, in absolute amount of 1) the combined reported profit of all operating segments that did not report a loss or 2) the combined reported loss of all operating segments that did report a loss c) its assets are 10 percent or more of the combined assets of all operating segments.</p></div>
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<span style="display: none;">v3.25.2</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="id2">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="2"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>RESTATEMENT OF PREVIOUSLY ISSUED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS<br></strong></div></th>
<th class="th" colspan="1">12 Months Ended</th>
</tr>
<tr><th class="th"><div>Dec. 31, 2024</div></th></tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_AccountingChangesAndErrorCorrectionsAbstract', window );"><strong>Accounting Changes and Error Corrections [Abstract]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ErrorCorrectionTextBlock', window );">RESTATEMENT OF PREVIOUSLY ISSUED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS</a></td>
<td class="text"><p id="xdx_80C_eus-gaap--ErrorCorrectionTextBlock_zzf3ZAhC1mZb" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>NOTE
11 <span id="xdx_82F_zfgJNNMikxTl">RESTATEMENT OF PREVIOUSLY ISSUED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS</span></b></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>&#160;</b></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
financial statements for the year ended December 31, 2023 and the accumulated deficit as of December 31, 2022 have been restated. Subsequent
to the original issuance of these financial statements, our audit committee and management determined the following:</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><b>As of December 31, 2022</b></p>
<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;
the Company erroneously did not recognize a valuation decrease in recorded deferred tax assets in its Taiwan subsidiary.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;
the Company erroneously did not recognize an intercompany payable to its subsidiary, Iveda Taiwan.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Assets
affected included other assets and liabilities affected included accounts and other payables.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><b>As of December 31, 2023</b></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;
the Company had erroneously capitalized software development costs during 2023 and 2024 Quarterly filings.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;
In addition, the Company is making certain reclassification entries.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
effects on the previously issued financial statements are as follows:</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">For
periods before 2022, Management of the Company determined that the following:</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">[1]
The Deferred Tax asset of $<span id="xdx_909_eus-gaap--DeferredTaxAssetsOther_iI_c20221231_zKQy0ZUePfef" title="Deferred tax assets">146,560</span> was no longer a valid tax difference. The amount was recorded as an adjustment to accumulated deficit
at December 31, 2022.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">[2] The intercompany
amount due to Iveda Taiwan was understated by $<span id="xdx_90E_eus-gaap--OtherReceivablesNetCurrent_iI_c20241231__us-gaap--RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis__custom--IvedaTaiwanMember_z9Hg1UYIJZ5h" title="Intercompany amount due">200,000</span> related to a payment made on behalf of Iveda US by Iveda Taiwan.</span></p>
<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">For
the year ending December 31, 2023, Management of the Company determined that the following:</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">[3]
An adjustment for $<span id="xdx_904_eus-gaap--ResearchAndDevelopmentExpense_c20230101__20231231__srt--RestatementAxis__srt--RevisionOfPriorPeriodReclassificationAdjustmentMember_zDoPfRxSXlo7" title="Research and development">792,612</span> related to expensing the research and development expense was needed related to activity in 2023. The amount
was recorded as a reduction to assets and the associated expense was recorded to the statement of operations.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">[4] An adjustment
for $<span id="xdx_90B_eus-gaap--GainLossOnInvestments_iN_di_c20230101__20231231_z8dEVj0KiE8i">180,000</span> to expense its investment in Iveda Phils JV originally recorded as a consolidation but we have determined this investment
should have been recorded as the equity method. This effected cash, account and other payables, Joint Venture Non-Controlled Equity Portion,
Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) and accumulated deficit</span></p>
<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p id="xdx_898_eus-gaap--ScheduleOfErrorCorrectionsAndPriorPeriodAdjustmentsTextBlock_zLRLO2aD8Qri" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
following table presents the effect of the restatements of the Company&#8217;s previously issued balance sheet:</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;<span id="xdx_8B6_z0t6j0dDFz84" style="display: none">SCHEDULE
OF RESTATEMENTS</span></span></p>

<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" id="xdx_89D_eus-gaap--StatementOfFinancialPositionAbstract_z4brzBC1AjIe" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%" summary="xdx: Disclosure - SCHEDULE OF RESTATEMENTS OF BALANCE SHEETS (Details)">
  <tr style="display: none; vertical-align: bottom">
    <td>&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
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  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
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    <td colspan="10" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: center">As of December 31, 2023</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: center">&#160;</td>
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  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: center">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: center">&#160;</td>
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  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
    <td>&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td colspan="2">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
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  <tr id="xdx_403_eus-gaap--OtherAssets_iI_z1gkYpPlpiTj" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
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<tr id="xdx_408_eus-gaap--AccountsPayableAndOtherAccruedLiabilitiesCurrent_iNI_di_zx6lYK9I7oU6" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
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    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
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    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
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    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span id="xdx_F23_zDXh6lOpTsU4" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">)</span>[2]</td>
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  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
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    <td id="xdx_F21_zyfMeDXz6986" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">[4]</td>
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    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
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<tr id="xdx_40A_eus-gaap--PropertyPlantAndEquipmentNet_iI_zGHSAZZFprD9" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="text-align: left">Property and Equipment, Net</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">891,187</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">(792,612</td><td id="xdx_F27_zQwv6cmr7OM9" style="text-align: left">)[3]</td><td>&#160;</td>
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    </tr>

<tr id="xdx_40F_ecustom--JointVentureNoncontrolledEquityPortion_iI_zVqE23Ew5w29" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Joint Venture Non-Controlled Equity Portion</span></td>
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    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">99,048</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(99,048</span></td>
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    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
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  <tr id="xdx_408_eus-gaap--CashAndCashEquivalentsAtCarryingValue_iI_zsy8018A7aV5" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
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    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
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    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
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    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span id="xdx_F2F_zUgv7gVi1U89" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">)</span>[4]</td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
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  <tr id="xdx_40E_eus-gaap--AccumulatedOtherComprehensiveIncomeLossNetOfTax_iI_zio8UYqeCbq3" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
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    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
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    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">)</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
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    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span id="xdx_F2B_z0dfXR74Oohf" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">)</span>[4]</td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
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  <tr id="xdx_406_eus-gaap--RetainedEarningsAccumulatedDeficit_iI_z3Ir6i5k6W53" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
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    </tr>
</table>

<p style="margin: 0">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"></p>

<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; width: 100%"><tr style="vertical-align: top; text-align: justify">
<td id="xdx_F02_zbdDn9kYk0Fk" style="width: 15pt; text-align: left">[1]</td><td style="width: 5pt"></td><td id="xdx_F15_zXn33UJWnQm" style="text-align: justify">Deferred Tax Asset eliminated from Other Assets</td>
</tr><tr style="vertical-align: top; text-align: justify">
<td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td><td style="text-align: justify">&#160;</td></tr>
     <tr style="vertical-align: top; text-align: justify">
<td id="xdx_F0B_zswSIbsVwH3a" style="text-align: left">[2]</td><td>&#160;</td><td id="xdx_F13_zcUf7oCiP7sf" style="text-align: justify">The intercompany amount due to Iveda Taiwan was understated by $<span id="xdx_906_eus-gaap--OtherReceivablesNetCurrent_iI_c20241231__us-gaap--RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis__custom--IvedaTaiwanMember_zUrQufgG7xS3" title="Intercompany amount due">200,000</span> related to a payment made on behalf of Iveda US by Iveda Taiwan added back to Accounts and Other Payables</td></tr>

<tr style="vertical-align: top; text-align: justify">
<td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td><td style="text-align: justify">&#160;</td></tr>
<tr style="vertical-align: top; text-align: justify">
<td id="xdx_F00_zMH0CWh035Kd" style="text-align: left">[3]</td><td></td><td id="xdx_F18_ztXTNDH0WDw4" style="text-align: justify">2023 capitalized software expensed to Research and Development</td>
</tr><tr style="vertical-align: top; text-align: justify">
<td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td><td style="text-align: justify">&#160;</td></tr>
     <tr style="vertical-align: top; text-align: justify">
<td id="xdx_F0F_zu4yXsDfnBcg" style="text-align: left">[4]</td><td>&#160;</td><td style="text-align: justify"><p id="xdx_F1B_zlu883Ne9Xrb" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify">An adjustment for $<span id="xdx_908_eus-gaap--GainLossOnInvestments_iN_di_c20230101__20231231_zS2NXf66chn8">180,000</span> to expense its investment
in Iveda Phils JV originally recorded as a consolidation but we have determined this investment should have been recorded using the equity
method. On the balance sheet this effected Cash and Cash equivalents, Accounts and Other Payables, Joint Venture Non-Controlled Equity Portion, Accumulated
Other Comprehensive Income (Loss). </p>
</td></tr>
     <tr style="vertical-align: top; text-align: justify">
<td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td><td style="text-align: justify">&#160;</td></tr>
     <tr style="vertical-align: top; text-align: justify">
<td id="xdx_F0E_zrNBoZiGVebf" style="text-align: left">[5]</td><td>&#160;</td><td id="xdx_F14_zqYX1isJW6H4" style="text-align: justify">Each of the above restatements effected Accumulated Deficit</td></tr>
     </table>



<p id="xdx_8A7_zdXl4Qunxill" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"></span></p>




<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify; margin: 0pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
following table presents the effect of the restatements and reclassification on the Company&#8217;s previously issued and reported statement
of operations</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" id="xdx_89B_eus-gaap--IncomeStatementAbstract_zZawS1bWuJsk" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%" summary="xdx: Disclosure - SCHEDULE OF RESTATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS (Details)">
  <tr style="display: none; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td>&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
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    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
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<tr id="xdx_40B_eus-gaap--GainLossOnInvestments_z0AM2b6dueBl" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
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    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
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    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 2%"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
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    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1308">-</span></span></td>
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  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 6pt; width: 100%"><tr style="vertical-align: top; text-align: justify">
<td id="xdx_F0F_z4dBHSqXWiQ9" style="width: 35pt; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">*</span></td><td style="text-align: justify"><span id="xdx_F17_zNnkJH0XN6S4" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Restated per share amount
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</tr></table>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify; margin: 0pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" id="xdx_893_eus-gaap--StatementOfStockholdersEquityAbstract_zsa8b8KxxQH3" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%" summary="xdx: Disclosure - SCHEDULE OF RESTATEMENTS OF EQUITY (Details)">
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
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    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
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    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
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    <td>&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
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    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
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    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">(99,048</td><td style="text-align: left">)</td><td>&#160;</td>
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    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
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  <tr id="xdx_401_ecustom--CorrectionOfPriorPeriodIntercompanyAccountsPayable_z6e8J7GTRNwb" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
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</table>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>&#160;</b></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b></b></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify">The following table presents the effect of the restatements
of the Company&#8217;s previously issued statement of cashflows:</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p>
<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"></p>

<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" id="xdx_89C_eus-gaap--StatementOfCashFlowsAbstract_z5xrIXEEAjhl" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%" summary="xdx: Disclosure - SCHEDULE OF RESTATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS (Details)">
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    <td style="text-align: center">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: center; padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
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    <td style="text-align: left">Loss from Iveda Phils Joint Venture</td><td>&#160;</td>
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    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left"><sup id="xdx_F21_zyOzehYOAIqk">&#160;</sup></td></tr>
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    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
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    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
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    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right"></td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
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    <td style="text-align: left">$</td><td style="text-align: right">(792,612</td><td style="text-align: left">)<sup id="xdx_F21_zJnFYHSpdHn7">[3]</sup></td><td>&#160;</td>
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    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
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<tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
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    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
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    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
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    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">99,048</span></td>
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    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
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    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;<sup id="xdx_F2F_zaPnGpmVtZd2">[4]</sup></span></td>
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    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
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  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
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    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td id="xdx_985_eus-gaap--NetCashProvidedByUsedInFinancingActivities_c20230101__20231231__srt--RestatementAxis__srt--RevisionOfPriorPeriodReclassificationAdjustmentMember__us-gaap--IncomeStatementLocationAxis__custom--RestrictedCashWriteOffMember_zcbu2T2tT86" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Net Cash Provided by Financing Activities"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">685</span></td>
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    <td id="xdx_98D_eus-gaap--NetCashProvidedByUsedInFinancingActivities_c20230101__20231231__srt--RestatementAxis__custom--RestatedMember__us-gaap--IncomeStatementLocationAxis__custom--RestrictedCashWriteOffMember_zeXaTHiR76T5" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Net loss"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">1,023,833</span></td>
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  <tr id="xdx_405_eus-gaap--EffectOfExchangeRateOnCashCashEquivalentsRestrictedCashAndRestrictedCashEquivalentsIncludingDisposalGroupAndDiscontinuedOperations_zDEHEtNGQQRj" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
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    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</td>
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    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right">528</td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;<sup id="xdx_F2B_zeDpHD0XqGph">[4]</sup></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</td>
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    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</td>
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    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</td>
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    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right">(15,841</td>
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    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right">(2,573,540</td>
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    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS &#8211; END OF PERIOD</td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right">4,754,596</td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right">(16,092</td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">)<sup id="xdx_F2F_zyt8VrsDVk05">[4]</sup></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right">&#160;</td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><sup></sup></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right">&#160;</td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</td>
    <td id="xdx_98E_eus-gaap--NetCashProvidedByUsedInFinancingActivities_c20230101__20231231__srt--RestatementAxis__srt--RevisionOfPriorPeriodReclassificationAdjustmentMember__us-gaap--IncomeStatementLocationAxis__custom--AdditionalRestrictedCashMember_fWzZd_zhXPpwo7IOfj" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS - END OF PERIOD">129,778</td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;<sup>[6]</sup></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</td>
    <td id="xdx_983_eus-gaap--NetCashProvidedByUsedInFinancingActivities_c20230101__20231231__srt--RestatementAxis__srt--RevisionOfPriorPeriodReclassificationAdjustmentMember__us-gaap--IncomeStatementLocationAxis__custom--RestatedMember_zuQXWFocv7Ed" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS - END OF PERIOD">4,868,282</td>
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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&#160;</p>

<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%">
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in; text-align: left"><span id="xdx_F0C_zQMwNvGAwNrk" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">[3]</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span id="xdx_F12_z2ptCAZOxG25" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">2023
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  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td id="xdx_F0F_zylxjdTiaGlj" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">[4]</td>
    <td id="xdx_F16_zrzPOCnAxshi" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify">An adjustment for $<span class="xdx_phnt_RGlzY2xvc3VyZSAtIFNDSEVEVUxFIE9GIFJFU1RBVEVNRU5UUyBPRiBDQVNIIEZMT1dTIChEZXRhaWxzKSAoUGFyZW50aGV0aWNhbCkA" id="xdx_90E_eus-gaap--GainLossOnInvestments_iN_di_c20230101__20231231_zpY4noZbpg79">180,000</span> to expense its investment in Iveda Phils JV originally recorded as a consolidation but
we have determined this investment should have been recorded as the equity method. The net loss effect is $<span class="xdx_phnt_RGlzY2xvc3VyZSAtIFNDSEVEVUxFIE9GIFJFU1RBVEVNRU5UUyBPRiBDQVNIIEZMT1dTIChEZXRhaWxzKSAoUGFyZW50aGV0aWNhbCkA" id="xdx_907_ecustom--InvestmentNetIncomeLoss_c20240101__20241231_z8naaRmpZw9h" title="Investment net income loss">180,000</span> less the $<span class="xdx_phnt_RGlzY2xvc3VyZSAtIFNDSEVEVUxFIE9GIFJFU1RBVEVNRU5UUyBPRiBDQVNIIEZMT1dTIChEZXRhaWxzKSAoUGFyZW50aGV0aWNhbCkA" id="xdx_90D_ecustom--InvestmentNetIncomeLoss_c20230101__20231231_z11h83JKZ357" title="Investment net income loss">65,070</span> loss
recorded in 2023 in consolidation. Net $<span class="xdx_phnt_RGlzY2xvc3VyZSAtIFNDSEVEVUxFIE9GIFJFU1RBVEVNRU5UUyBPRiBDQVNIIEZMT1dTIChEZXRhaWxzKSAoUGFyZW50aGV0aWNhbCkA" id="xdx_904_ecustom--AdditionalInvestmentNetIncomeLoss_c20230101__20231231_zMbfpScPSHrd" title="Additional investment net income loss">114,930</span> additional loss recorded in 2023.</td></tr>
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    <td id="xdx_F14_zBE11YIpX0r2" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify">Eliminate line item for change in restricted cash of $<span class="xdx_phnt_RGlzY2xvc3VyZSAtIFNDSEVEVUxFIE9GIFJFU1RBVEVNRU5UUyBPRiBDQVNIIEZMT1dTIChEZXRhaWxzKSAoUGFyZW50aGV0aWNhbCkA" id="xdx_90E_ecustom--IncreaseDecreaseInChangeRestrictedCash_c20240101__20241231_zN85gW6VuM5e" title="Restricted cash">685</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td id="xdx_F0A_zhe8zBN3HXXb" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">[6]</td>
    <td id="xdx_F1F_zfb5IbyZpAl3" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">Added Restricted Cash to Cash and Cash Equivalents</td></tr>
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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b></b></span></p>

<p id="xdx_8AE_zbnvA8tUDwHa" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; display: none; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>&#160;</b></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; display: none; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b></b></span></p>



<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"></span></p>



<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; display: none; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b></b></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; display: none; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b></b></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; display: none; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b></b></span></p>

<span></span>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The entire disclosure for reporting error correction.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 250<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 7<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147483443/250-10-50-7<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
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<span style="display: none;">v3.25.2</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="id2">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="2"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>SUBSEQUENT EVENTS<br></strong></div></th>
<th class="th" colspan="1">12 Months Ended</th>
</tr>
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<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_SubsequentEventsTextBlock', window );">SUBSEQUENT EVENTS</a></td>
<td class="text"><p id="xdx_80B_eus-gaap--SubsequentEventsTextBlock_zMHzidveyp0c" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: left"><b>NOTE 12 <span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><span id="xdx_827_zhV18sZOPGU9">SUBSEQUENT
EVENTS</span></span></b></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>&#160;</b></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-indent: 0.5in; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify">On February 27, 2025, Iveda Solutions, Inc. (the &#8220;Company&#8221;) entered into an At the Market Offering Agreement
(the &#8220;Sales Agreement&#8221;) with H.C. Wainwright &amp; Co., LLC (the &#8220;Sales Agent), pursuant to which the Company may offer
and sell, from time to time, through or to the Sales Agent, shares (the &#8220;Placement Shares&#8221;) of the Company&#8217;s common
stock, par value $<span id="xdx_908_eus-gaap--CommonStockParOrStatedValuePerShare_iI_pid_c20250227__us-gaap--TypeOfArrangementAxis__custom--AtTheMarketOfferingAgreementMember__us-gaap--SubsequentEventTypeAxis__us-gaap--SubsequentEventMember_zy2EETTVUSLg" title="Common stock, par value">0.00001</span> per share (the &#8220;Common Stock&#8221;), having an aggregate offering price of up to $<span id="xdx_90D_eus-gaap--StockIssuedDuringPeriodValueIssuedForServices_c20250227__20250227__us-gaap--TypeOfArrangementAxis__custom--AtTheMarketOfferingAgreementMember__us-gaap--SubsequentEventTypeAxis__us-gaap--SubsequentEventMember_zGPmY27m86oi" title="Stock issued during period value issued for services">5,082,431</span> (the &#8220;ATM
Offering&#8221;). Sales pursuant to the Sales Agreement will be made only upon instructions by the Company to the Sales Agent, and the
Company cannot provide any assurances that it will issue any Shares pursuant to the Sales Agreement.<span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b></b></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>&#160;</b></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-indent: 0.5in; text-align: justify">The issuance and sale, if any, of the Placement Shares by the Company under the Sales Agreement will be made pursuant
to the Company&#8217;s effective &#8220;shelf&#8221; registration statement on Form S-3 (Registration Statement No. 333-276676) (the &#8220;Registration
Statement&#8221;), the base prospectus contained therein, and a prospectus supplement relating to the ATM offering, dated February 27,
2025.<span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b></b></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>&#160;</b></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-indent: 0.5in; text-align: justify">Under the terms of the Sales Agreement, the Company may sell the Placement Shares by any method permitted that is
deemed an &#8220;at the market offering&#8221; as defined in Rule 415 under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the &#8220;Securities
Act&#8221;). The Sales Agent will use its commercially reasonable efforts consistent with its normal trading and sales practices and applicable
state and federal laws, rules and regulations to sell the Placement Shares from time to time, based upon the Company&#8217;s instructions
(including any price, time or size limits or other customary parameters or conditions the Company may impose). Actual sales will depend
on a variety of factors to be determined by the Company from time to time, including (among others) market conditions, the trading price
of the Company&#8217;s Common Stock, capital needs and determinations by the Company of the appropriate sources of funding for the Company.
The Company is not obligated to make any sales of Placement Shares under the Sales Agreement and the Company cannot provide any assurances
that it will issue any Placement Shares pursuant to the Sales Agreement. The Company will pay a commission rate of 3% of the gross sales
price per share sold and agreed to reimburse the Sales Agent for certain specified expenses, including the fees and disbursements of its
legal counsel in an amount not to exceed $<span id="xdx_901_eus-gaap--LegalFees_c20250227__20250227__us-gaap--TypeOfArrangementAxis__custom--AtTheMarketOfferingAgreementMember__us-gaap--SubsequentEventTypeAxis__us-gaap--SubsequentEventMember_z8bCWb41gZZf" title="Legal fees">50,000</span> and have agreed to reimburse the Sales Agents an amount not to exceed $<span id="xdx_904_ecustom--AmountsDueToReimbursements_c20250227__20250227__us-gaap--SubsequentEventTypeAxis__us-gaap--SubsequentEventMember_zKT9b7eBT0i3" title="Amounts due to reimbursements">5,000</span> per due
diligence update session conducted in connection with each such date the Company files its Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q, its Annual
Report on Form 10-K and amendments or supplements to the Registration Statement, the accompanying prospectus, or any prospectus supplement.
The Company has also agreed pursuant to the Sales Agreement to provide the Sales Agent with customary indemnification and contribution
rights.<span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b></b></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>&#160;</b></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-indent: 0.5in; text-align: justify">On March 14, 2025, the &#8220;Company redomiciled
to Delaware form Nevada with authorized to issue <span id="xdx_901_eus-gaap--StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesNewIssues_c20250314__20250314__us-gaap--SubsequentEventTypeAxis__us-gaap--SubsequentEventMember_zxZQ1sjjPe0l" title="Stock issued during period shares new issues">312,500,000</span> shares of capital stock. Of which (i) <span id="xdx_909_eus-gaap--CommonStockSharesIssued_iI_c20250314__us-gaap--SubsequentEventTypeAxis__us-gaap--SubsequentEventMember_zODqUgnZRYN9" title="Common stock, shares issued">300</span> million shares shall be common
stock, $<span id="xdx_902_eus-gaap--CommonStockParOrStatedValuePerShare_iI_pid_c20250314__us-gaap--SubsequentEventTypeAxis__us-gaap--SubsequentEventMember_zZnpfOrTFtdc" title="Common stock, par value">0.00001</span> par value and (ii) <span id="xdx_907_eus-gaap--PreferredStockSharesIssued_iI_c20250314_zc3B6v4QwDB" title="Preferred stock, shares issued">12,500,000</span> shares shall be shares of preferred stock, $<span id="xdx_90F_eus-gaap--PreferredStockParOrStatedValuePerShare_iI_pid_c20250314__us-gaap--SubsequentEventTypeAxis__us-gaap--SubsequentEventMember_zJQFdOl2INJ2" title="Preferred stock, par value">0.00001</span> par value.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>&#160;</b></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-indent: 0.5in; text-align: justify">The Company headquarters lease in Mesa Arizona
expired February 28, 2025 and has been renewed for <span id="xdx_901_eus-gaap--LesseeOperatingLeaseRenewalTerm_iI_dtY_c20250228__us-gaap--SubsequentEventTypeAxis__us-gaap--SubsequentEventMember_zMa4Xn8nkR8k" title="Lessee operating lease renewal term">5</span> years at similar terms to the previous lease.</p>

<span></span>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The entire disclosure for significant events or transactions that occurred after the balance sheet date through the date the financial statements were issued or the date the financial statements were available to be issued. Examples include: the sale of a capital stock issue, purchase of a business, settlement of litigation, catastrophic loss, significant foreign exchange rate changes, loans to insiders or affiliates, and transactions not in the ordinary course of business.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 855<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/855/tableOfContent<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 855<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147483399/855-10-50-2<br></p></div>
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<span style="display: none;">v3.25.2</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="id2">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="2"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (Policies)<br></strong></div></th>
<th class="th" colspan="1">12 Months Ended</th>
</tr>
<tr><th class="th"><div>Dec. 31, 2024</div></th></tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_AccountingPoliciesAbstract', window );"><strong>Accounting Policies [Abstract]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ConsolidationPolicyTextBlock', window );">Consolidation</a></td>
<td class="text"><p id="xdx_84B_eus-gaap--ConsolidationPolicyTextBlock_zYDDrMxFe3aj" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b><span style="text-decoration: underline"><span id="xdx_864_zgKN078iu6lf">Consolidation</span></span></b></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Effective
April 30, 2011, we completed our acquisition of Sole Vision Technologies (fka MEGAsys and dba Iveda Taiwan), a company based in Taiwan.
We consolidate our financial statements with the financial statements of Iveda Taiwan. All intercompany balances and transactions have
been eliminated in consolidation.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_IVDA_GoingConcernPolicyTextBlock', window );">Going Concern</a></td>
<td class="text"><p id="xdx_84A_ecustom--GoingConcernPolicyTextBlock_zShAgHbnStOd" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b><span style="text-decoration: underline">Going
Concern</span></b></span></p>
<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
accompanying consolidated financial statements have been prepared in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the
United States of America, which contemplates the continuation of the Company as a going concern. The Company experienced net losses and
negative operating cash flows during the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023. These factors raise substantial doubt about the Company&#8217;s
ability to continue as a going concern.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">At
December 31, 2024, the Company had cash on hand in the amount of $<span id="xdx_900_eus-gaap--Cash_iI_c20241231_zNHAWgF151v4" title="Cash on hand">2,658,300</span>. Management does not expect that its current liquidity
will support operations from a date of twelve months from the issuance of this financial statement. As a result, management has concluded
that there is substantial doubt about the Company&#8217;s ability to continue as a going concern. The accompanying consolidated financial
statements do not include any adjustments relating to the recoverability and classification of recorded assets, or the amounts and classification
of liabilities that might be necessary in the event the company cannot continue as a going concern.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
continuation of the Company as a going concern is dependent upon its ability to obtain necessary debt or equity financing to continue
operations until it begins generating positive cash flow. No assurance can be given that any future financing will be available or, if
available, that it will be on terms that are satisfactory to the Company. Even if the Company is able to obtain additional financing,
it may contain undue restrictions on our operations in the case of debt financing, or cause substantial dilution for our stockholders,
in case of equity financing.</span></p>
<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"></span></p>

<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ImpairmentOrDisposalOfLongLivedAssetsPolicyTextBlock', window );">Impairment or Disposal of Long-Lived Assets, Policy [Policy Text Block]</a></td>
<td class="text"><p id="xdx_84C_eus-gaap--ImpairmentOrDisposalOfLongLivedAssetsPolicyTextBlock_zsiXg14kbshb" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_BasisOfAccountingPolicyPolicyTextBlock', window );">Basis of Accounting</a></td>
<td class="text"><p id="xdx_846_eus-gaap--BasisOfAccountingPolicyPolicyTextBlock_zhRpjLjwFsha" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b><span style="text-decoration: underline"><span id="xdx_86B_zxyfPiS6TaK7">Basis
of Accounting</span></span></b></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Our
consolidated financial statements have been prepared on the accrual basis of accounting in conformity with accounting principles generally
accepted in the United States of America.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_UseOfEstimates', window );">Use of Estimates</a></td>
<td class="text"><p id="xdx_849_eus-gaap--UseOfEstimates_zZDe8llPXhV4" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b><span style="text-decoration: underline"><span id="xdx_868_zHWIbrach7kg">Use
of Estimates</span></span></b></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
preparation of financial statements in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America
requires us to make estimates and assumptions that affect the amounts reported in the financial statements and accompanying notes. </span>Accordingly,
actual results could differ from those estimates. On an ongoing basis, we evaluate our estimates, including those related to
accounts receivable, deferred cost of revenue, share-based compensation, deferred income taxes, provisions for losses, and inventory
reserve, among other items.</p>
<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_UtilityRevenueAndExpenseRecognitionPolicy', window );">Revenue and Expense Recognition</a></td>
<td class="text"><p id="xdx_845_eus-gaap--UtilityRevenueAndExpenseRecognitionPolicy_zO37TSCFGdAl" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b><span style="text-decoration: underline"><span id="xdx_869_z2TnMVuxGOF6">Revenue
and Expense Recognition</span></span></b></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
Company applies the provisions of Accounting Standards Codification (ASC) 606-10, <i>Revenue from Contracts with Customers</i>, and all
related appropriate guidance. The Company recognizes revenue under the core principle to depict the transfer of control to its customers
in an amount reflecting the consideration to which it expects to be entitled. In order to achieve that core principle, the Company applies
the following five-step approach: (1) identify the contract with a customer, (2) identify the performance obligations in the contract,
(3) determine the transaction price, (4) allocate the transaction price to the performance obligations in the contract, and (5) recognize
revenue when a performance obligation is satisfied.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
Company considers customer purchase orders, which in some cases are governed by master sales agreements, to be the contracts with
the customer. In situations where sales are to a distributor, the Company had concluded its contracts are with the distributor as
the Company holds a contract bearing enforceable rights and obligations only with the distributor. As part of its consideration for
the contract, the Company evaluates certain factors including the customers&#8217; ability to pay (or credit risk). For each
contract, the Company considers the promise to transfer products, each of which is distinct, to be the identified performance
obligations. In determining the transaction price, the Company evaluates whether the price is subject to refund or adjustment to
determine the net consideration to which it expects to be entitled. As the Company&#8217;s standard payment terms are less than one
year, it has elected the practical expedient under ASC 606-10-32-18 to not assess whether a contract has a significant financing
component. The Company allocates the transaction price to each distinct product based on its relative standalone selling price. The
product price as specified on the purchase order is considered the standalone selling price as it is an observable input which
depicts the price as if sold to a similar customer in similar circumstances. Revenue is recognized when control of the product is
transferred to the customer (<i>i.e.</i>, when the Company&#8217;s performance obligations is satisfied), which typically occurs at
shipment unless installation is required as with certain of our Taiwan sales &#8211; see below. Further in determining whether control has been transferred, the Company considers if there is a present right to payment
and legal title, along with risks and rewards of ownership having transferred to the customer. Customers do not have a right to
return the product other than for warranty reasons for which they would only receive repair services or replacement product. The
Company has also elected the practical expedient under ASC 340-40-25-4 to expense commissions for product sales when incurred as the
amortization period of the commission asset the Company would have otherwise recognized is less than one year.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>




<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
Company sells its products and services primarily to municipalities and commercial customers in the following manner:</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
    majority of Iveda Taiwan sales are project sales to Taiwan customers and are made direct to the end customer (typically a municipality
    or a commercial customer) through its sales force, which is composed of its employees. Revenue is recorded when the equipment is
    shipped to the end customer unless the contract requires the inventory to be installed before it can be billed and charged for service
    when installation or maintenance work is performed. If inventory is shipped to the customer before it is installed the inventory
    is reclassified to Deferred Cost of Goods.</span></td></tr>
  </table>
<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Revenue
for product and software sales without installation is recorded when the product and/or software has been shipped to the customer. Revenue
from fixed-price equipment installation contracts, if any, is recognized as the contracts allow for invoicing at various milestones.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">General
and administrative costs are charged to expense as incurred. Provisions for estimated losses on uncompleted contracts are made in the
period in which such losses are determined. Changes in job performance, job conditions, and estimated profitability may result in revisions
to costs and income and are recognized in the period in which the revisions are determined. Changes in estimated job profitability resulting
from job performance, job conditions, contract penalty provisions, claims, change orders, and settlements are accounted for as changes
in estimates in the current period. Profit incentives are included in revenue when their realization is deemed earned by the contract.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</span></td>
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    US hardware sales are to domestic and international customers and are made through independent distributors or integrators who purchase
    products from the Company at a wholesale price and sell to the end user (typically municipalities or a commercial customer) at a
    retail price. The distributor retains the margin as its compensation for its role in the transaction. The distributor or integrator
    generally maintains product inventory or product is drop shipped from the manufacturer, customer receivables and all related risks
    and rewards of ownership. Accordingly, upon application of steps one through five above, revenue is recorded when the product is
    shipped to the distributor or as directed by the distributor consistent with the terms of the distribution agreement.</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
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    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
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US also sells software that include licensing fees that are paid either monthly or yearly. The revenues are recorded monthly, if the
license is paid yearly the revenue will be recorded as deferred revenue and amortized on a straight-line basis over the respective time
period.</span></p></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</span></td>
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    US also sells hardware and software warranty and maintenance for an annual fee that are paid yearly. The revenues are recorded annually,
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  </table>
<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p id="xdx_897_eus-gaap--DisaggregationOfRevenueTableTextBlock_znlG46Yr3ENf" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify">The following table presents our net sales by revenue
source and the period over period percentage change, for the period presented:</p>
<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;<span id="xdx_8B6_zz9Kztis5NT" style="display: none">Schedule
of Disaggregation of Revenue</span></span></p>

<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 60%; margin-left: 0.5in">
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; display: none; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td id="xdx_498_20240101__20241231_zNkBp9KkTc6b" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</td>
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    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
<tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom">
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  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
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  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
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  <tr id="xdx_409_eus-gaap--RevenueFromContractWithCustomerExcludingAssessedTax_hus-gaap--ContractWithCustomerSalesChannelAxis__custom--CommercialEnterprisesMember_z4zlHnu645k4" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 46%; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Commercial
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    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Distributors</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">762,660</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
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    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Municipalities</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
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    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Taiwan
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    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl0547">-</span></span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td id="xdx_984_ecustom--ChangeInRevenuePercentage_pid_dp_uPure_c20240101__20241231__us-gaap--ContractWithCustomerSalesChannelAxis__custom--TaiwanGovernmentMember_zld6mL0JwF4b" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Change in sales, percentage"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">100</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">%</span></td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_408_eus-gaap--RevenueFromContractWithCustomerExcludingAssessedTax_hus-gaap--ContractWithCustomerSalesChannelAxis__custom--OtherMember_zVickumMvyIh" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Other</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">92,625</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">148,311</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td id="xdx_980_ecustom--ChangeInRevenuePercentage_pid_dp_uPure_c20240101__20241231__us-gaap--ContractWithCustomerSalesChannelAxis__custom--OtherMember_zAylXG0c9YLk" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Change in sales, percentage"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(38</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">%)</span></td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_40C_eus-gaap--RevenueFromContractWithCustomerExcludingAssessedTax_zskWkTnBfei5" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="display: none; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;Total
    Net Sales Source</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">6,020,639</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">6,495,865</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td id="xdx_988_ecustom--ChangeInRevenuePercentage_pid_dp_uPure_c20240101__20241231_ztgUMpLQNpXh" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Change in sales, percentage"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(7</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">%)</span></td></tr>
  </table>

<p id="xdx_8AA_zC3vvvfqUvlg" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify">The Company sells and installs video
surveillance systems comprised of various components of hardware and software.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ComprehensiveIncomePolicyPolicyTextBlock', window );">Comprehensive Loss</a></td>
<td class="text"><p id="xdx_84E_eus-gaap--ComprehensiveIncomePolicyPolicyTextBlock_zvBM4hFJtbja" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b><span style="text-decoration: underline"><span id="xdx_86A_z3YDLQ8xdc31">Comprehensive
Loss</span></span></b></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Comprehensive
loss is defined to include all changes in equity except those resulting from investments by owners and distributions to owners. Among
other disclosures, all items that are required to be recognized under current accounting standards as components of comprehensive income
are required to be reported in a financial statement that is presented with the same prominence as other financial statements. Our current
component of other comprehensive income is the foreign currency translation adjustment.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ConcentrationRiskCreditRisk', window );">Concentrations</a></td>
<td class="text"><p id="xdx_849_eus-gaap--ConcentrationRiskCreditRisk_zvq8WOgpnbQ" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b><span style="text-decoration: underline"><span id="xdx_863_zYwDuDCNxplb">Concentrations</span></span></b></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Financial
instruments, which potentially subject us to concentrations of credit risk, consist principally of cash and cash equivalents and trade
accounts receivable.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Substantially
all cash is deposited in three financial institutions, two in the United States and one in Taiwan. At times, amounts on deposit in the
United States may be in excess of the FDIC insurance limit. Deposits in Taiwan financial institutions are insured by CDIC (Central Deposit
Insurance Corporation) with maximum coverage of NTD <span id="xdx_907_eus-gaap--CashFDICInsuredAmount_iI_pn6n6_uNTD_c20241231_zf2ypjpe4YVa">3</span> million. At times, amounts on deposit in Taiwan may be in excess of the CDIC Insurance
limit.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>




<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Revenue
from five customers out of approximately 70 total customers represented approximately <span id="xdx_90F_ecustom--ConcentrationRiskPercentage_dp_uPure_c20240101__20241231__us-gaap--ConcentrationRiskByBenchmarkAxis__us-gaap--SalesRevenueNetMember__us-gaap--ConcentrationRiskByTypeAxis__us-gaap--CustomerConcentrationRiskMember__srt--MajorCustomersAxis__custom--FiveCustomersMember_zpCB5o8WsHCc" title="Concentration risk, percentage">67</span>% of total revenue for the year ended December
31, 2024. These specific customers were 1) Chunghwa Telecom with <span id="xdx_90A_ecustom--ConcentrationRiskPercentage_dp_uPure_c20240101__20241231__us-gaap--ConcentrationRiskByBenchmarkAxis__us-gaap--SalesRevenueNetMember__us-gaap--ConcentrationRiskByTypeAxis__us-gaap--CustomerConcentrationRiskMember__srt--MajorCustomersAxis__custom--ChunghwaTelecomMember_zjcps7QcNpX4" title="Concentration risk, percentage">18</span>% 2) SECURITY INTEGRATION &amp; CONSULTANT TECHNOLOGY CO., LTD. with
<span id="xdx_90A_ecustom--ConcentrationRiskPercentage_dp_uPure_c20240101__20241231__us-gaap--ConcentrationRiskByBenchmarkAxis__us-gaap--SalesRevenueNetMember__us-gaap--ConcentrationRiskByTypeAxis__us-gaap--CustomerConcentrationRiskMember__srt--MajorCustomersAxis__custom--SecurityIntegrationAndConsultantTechnologyCoLtdMember_znTGVbI63CD5" title="Concentration risk, percentage">16</span>%, 3) Chicony Power Technology Co Ltd with <span id="xdx_90E_ecustom--ConcentrationRiskPercentage_dp_uPure_c20240101__20241231__us-gaap--ConcentrationRiskByBenchmarkAxis__us-gaap--SalesRevenueNetMember__us-gaap--ConcentrationRiskByTypeAxis__us-gaap--CustomerConcentrationRiskMember__srt--MajorCustomersAxis__custom--ChiconyPowerTechnologyCoLtdMember_zYsUgMSRR5k" title="Concentration risk, percentage">11</span>% and 4) HWACOM SYSTEMS INC. with <span id="xdx_900_ecustom--ConcentrationRiskPercentage_dp_uPure_c20240101__20241231__us-gaap--ConcentrationRiskByBenchmarkAxis__us-gaap--SalesRevenueNetMember__us-gaap--ConcentrationRiskByTypeAxis__us-gaap--CustomerConcentrationRiskMember__srt--MajorCustomersAxis__custom--HWACOMSYSTEMSINCMember_zcflv6WSArVh" title="Concentration risk, percentage">10</span>%, (all Taiwan companies) and Claro Enterprise Solutions
(a US company) with <span id="xdx_90D_ecustom--ConcentrationRiskPercentage_dp_uPure_c20240101__20241231__us-gaap--ConcentrationRiskByBenchmarkAxis__us-gaap--SalesRevenueNetMember__us-gaap--ConcentrationRiskByTypeAxis__us-gaap--CustomerConcentrationRiskMember__srt--MajorCustomersAxis__custom--ClaroEnterpriseSolutionsMember_zcq39d9A17ic" title="Concentration risk, percentage">12</span>%. Revenue from two customers out of 65 total customers represented approximately <span id="xdx_90D_ecustom--ConcentrationRiskPercentage_dp_uPure_c20230101__20231231__us-gaap--ConcentrationRiskByBenchmarkAxis__us-gaap--SalesRevenueNetMember__us-gaap--ConcentrationRiskByTypeAxis__us-gaap--CustomerConcentrationRiskMember__srt--MajorCustomersAxis__custom--TwoCustomersMember_zdcbcL54wMMi" title="Concentration risk, percentage">48</span>% of total revenue for the
year ended December 31, 2023. These specific customers were 1) YOU MING HUEI CO. LTD with <span id="xdx_900_ecustom--ConcentrationRiskPercentage_pid_dp_uPure_c20230101__20231231__us-gaap--ConcentrationRiskByBenchmarkAxis__us-gaap--SalesRevenueNetMember__us-gaap--ConcentrationRiskByTypeAxis__us-gaap--CustomerConcentrationRiskMember__dei--LegalEntityAxis__custom--YouMingHueiCoLtdMember_zmuFbIKhy85" title="Concentration risk, percentage">25</span>%, 2) Chicony Power Technology Co Ltd with
<span id="xdx_90F_ecustom--ConcentrationRiskPercentage_dp_uPure_c20230101__20231231__us-gaap--ConcentrationRiskByBenchmarkAxis__us-gaap--SalesRevenueNetMember__us-gaap--ConcentrationRiskByTypeAxis__us-gaap--CustomerConcentrationRiskMember__dei--LegalEntityAxis__custom--ChiconyPowerTechnologyMember_zTv5NGWcZbPi" title="Concentration risk, percentage">23</span>%, (both Taiwan companies). Total number of customers were 70 and 65, for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><span id="xdx_909_ecustom--ConcentrationRiskPercentage_pid_dp_uPure_c20240101__20241231__us-gaap--ConcentrationRiskByBenchmarkAxis__us-gaap--AccountsReceivableMember__us-gaap--ConcentrationRiskByTypeAxis__us-gaap--CustomerConcentrationRiskMember__srt--MajorCustomersAxis__custom--OneCustomersMember_zGr28hJtcSpi" title="Concentration risk, percentage">52</span>%
of the total accounts receivable at December 31, 2024 was from one customer out of a total of 42 customer accounts receivable accounts.
This specific customer was Chunghwa Telecom. Our accounts receivables are unsecured, and we are at risk to the extent such amounts become
uncollectible. Although we perform periodic evaluations of our customers&#8217; credit and financial condition, we do not require collateral
in exchange for our products and services provided on credit. These customers are longtime customers, and we don&#8217;t expect any problem
with the collectability of these accounts receivable.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">No
other customers represented greater than <span id="xdx_90B_ecustom--ConcentrationRiskPercentage_dp_uPure_c20240101__20241231__us-gaap--ConcentrationRiskByBenchmarkAxis__us-gaap--SalesRevenueNetMember__us-gaap--ConcentrationRiskByTypeAxis__us-gaap--CustomerConcentrationRiskMember__srt--MajorCustomersAxis__custom--OtherCustomersMember_zZ9n0MVTjBJf" title="Percentage of concentration risk"><span id="xdx_908_ecustom--ConcentrationRiskPercentage_dp_uPure_c20230101__20231231__us-gaap--ConcentrationRiskByBenchmarkAxis__us-gaap--SalesRevenueNetMember__us-gaap--ConcentrationRiskByTypeAxis__us-gaap--CustomerConcentrationRiskMember__srt--MajorCustomersAxis__custom--OtherCustomersMember_zo2ITHKeQK1b" title="Percentage of concentration risk">10</span></span>% of total revenues in years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_CashAndCashEquivalentsPolicyTextBlock', window );">Cash and Cash Equivalents</a></td>
<td class="text"><p id="xdx_84E_eus-gaap--CashAndCashEquivalentsPolicyTextBlock_zdeOkvBfukk5" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b><span style="text-decoration: underline"><span id="xdx_86E_zTDNePT4A5L">Cash
and Cash Equivalents</span></span></b></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">For
purposes of the statement of cash flows, we consider all highly liquid debt instruments purchased with an original maturity of three
months or less to be cash equivalents.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
Company&#8217;s consolidated financial statements include the results of operations and financial position of its subsidiary located in Taiwan.
The subsidiary&#8217;s functional currency is the Taiwan New Dollar (TWD). For consolidation purposes, the subsidiary&#8217;s financial statements
are translated into US Dollars (USD) using the following methods: Assets and liabilities are translated using the exchange rate
at the balance sheet date. Income statement items are translated using the average exchange rate for the period. Exchange rate
fluctuations between TWD and USD result in gains or losses that are included in Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) until they are realized.
The Company had $<span id="xdx_908_eus-gaap--CashAndCashEquivalentsAtCarryingValue_iI_uNTD_c20241231_zRelCr9Jybr5" title="Cash and cash equivalents at carrying value">1,025,675</span> and $<span id="xdx_902_eus-gaap--CashAndCashEquivalentsAtCarryingValue_iI_uNTD_c20231231_zRbBJ1PkVfz6" title="Cash and cash equivalents at carrying value">1,959,399</span> of its cash and cash equivalents in Taiwan New Dollars at December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_TradeAndOtherAccountsReceivablePolicy', window );">Accounts Receivable</a></td>
<td class="text"><p id="xdx_847_eus-gaap--TradeAndOtherAccountsReceivablePolicy_zgNFw2sfiuKa" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b><span style="text-decoration: underline"><span id="xdx_864_zdou4cBO5ZSf">Accounts
Receivable</span></span></b></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">We
provide an allowance for doubtful collections, which is based upon a review of outstanding receivables, historical collection information,
and existing economic conditions. For our U.S.-based segment, receivables past due more than 120 days, if any, are considered delinquent. For
our Taiwan-based segment, receivables over one year are considered delinquent. Delinquent receivables are written off based on individual
credit valuation and specific circumstances of the customer. As of December 31, 2024 and 2023, no allowance for uncollectible accounts
was deemed necessary.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_IVDA_OtherCurrentAssetsPolicyTextBlock', window );">Other Current Assets</a></td>
<td class="text"><p id="xdx_847_ecustom--OtherCurrentAssetsPolicyTextBlock_zls8iCG6hiXk" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b><span style="text-decoration: underline"><span id="xdx_861_zHSs1pZFSMxc">Other
Current Assets</span></span></b></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Other
current assets represent cash paid in advance to vendors for service coverage extending into subsequent periods, advances to suppliers
of product and tender deposits placed with local governments and major customers in Taiwan during the bidding process for new proposed
projects.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DeferredChargesPolicyTextBlock', window );">Deferred Cost of Goods</a></td>
<td class="text"><p id="xdx_848_eus-gaap--DeferredChargesPolicyTextBlock_zwuy4mJKC5ri" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: left"><span id="xdx_862_z4vkNiTFFtY6" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b><span style="text-decoration: underline">Deferred
Cost of Goods</span></b></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>&#160;</b></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">In
Taiwan we ship product to be held at the customer locations in advance of installment per the contract with the customer. We reclassify
inventory that we have purchased and delivered to the customer location to Deferred Cost of Goods until this product is installed
and can be invoiced to the customer.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_InventoryPolicyTextBlock', window );">Inventories</a></td>
<td class="text"><p id="xdx_846_eus-gaap--InventoryPolicyTextBlock_zKsVdczJJRO" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b><span style="text-decoration: underline"><span id="xdx_865_z2gPPCu5zJfi">Inventories</span></span></b></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify">Inventory is stated at the lower of cost or net realizable value, with cost determined on a first-in, first-out (&#8220;FIFO&#8221;)
basis. <span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">We
review our inventories for excess or obsolete products or components based on an analysis of historical usage and an evaluation of estimated
future demand, market conditions, and alternative uses for possible excess or obsolete parts. There was <span id="xdx_903_eus-gaap--InventoryValuationReserves_iI_do_c20241231_zFVbgf7U44n8"><span id="xdx_900_eus-gaap--InventoryValuationReserves_iI_do_c20231231_zJpqxG2hx6v9">no</span></span> allowance for slow-moving and obsolete
inventory necessary as of December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentPolicyTextBlock', window );">Property and Equipment</a></td>
<td class="text"><p id="xdx_840_eus-gaap--PropertyPlantAndEquipmentPolicyTextBlock_zyfBi9kYwIFa" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b><span style="text-decoration: underline"><span id="xdx_868_zMdmZf7rVc2a">Property
and Equipment</span></span></b></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Property
and equipment are stated at cost. Depreciation is computed primarily using the straight-line method over estimated useful lives of three<span id="xdx_90C_eus-gaap--PropertyPlantAndEquipmentUsefulLife_iI_dtY_c20241231__srt--RangeAxis__srt--MinimumMember_zsSpTDhed6Oh" style="display: none" title="Property and equipment useful life">3</span>
to <span id="xdx_903_eus-gaap--PropertyPlantAndEquipmentUsefulLife_iI_dc_c20241231__srt--RangeAxis__srt--MaximumMember_zMYbJZXpJmz6" title="Property and equipment useful life">seven years</span>. Expenditures for routine maintenance and repairs are charged to expense as incurred. Depreciation expense for the years
ended December 31, 2024 and 2023 was $<span id="xdx_907_eus-gaap--Depreciation_pp0p0_c20240101__20241231_zjETU40vBRpa" title="Depreciation expense">31,805</span> and $<span id="xdx_901_eus-gaap--Depreciation_pp0p0_c20230101__20231231_zWvhyMX2PrEc" title="Depreciation expense">19,753</span>, respectively.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">We
have a relatively minimal amount of property and equipment, consisting primarily of office equipment. We review the recoverability of
the carrying value of long-lived assets using the methodology prescribed in ASC 360 &#8220;Property, Plant and Equipment.&#8221; We review
our long-lived assets for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of an asset or asset
group may not be recoverable. Recoverability of long-lived assets to be held and used is measured by a comparison of the carrying amount
of an asset to the undiscounted future net operating cash flows expected to be generated by the asset. If such assets are considered
to be impaired, the impairment to be recognized is measured as the amount by which the carrying value of the assets exceeds their fair
value. Management determined that there was no indicator of impairment as of December 31, 2024 and 2023.</span></p>
<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"></span></p>




<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_EquityMethodInvestmentsPolicy', window );">Equity Method Investment</a></td>
<td class="text"><p id="xdx_84C_eus-gaap--EquityMethodInvestmentsPolicy_zU9oJUKOjgEe" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b><i><span id="xdx_86C_zJE3AGJhNZC4">Equity
Method Investment</span></i></b></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
Company accounts for investments in entities in which the Company has significant influence over the entity&#8217;s financial and operating
policies, but does not control, using the equity method of accounting. The equity method investments are initially recorded at cost,
and subsequently increased for capital contributions and allocations of net income, and decreased for capital distributions and allocations
of net loss. Equity in net income (loss) from the equity method investment is allocated based on the Company&#8217;s economic interest.
Equity method investments are reviewed for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount may
not be recoverable. If it is determined that a loss in value of the equity method investment is other than temporary, an impairment loss
is measured based on the excess of the carrying amount of an investment over its estimated fair value. Impairment analyses are based
on current plans, intended holding periods, and available information at the time the analysis is prepared. During 2023 the Company made a $<span id="xdx_90E_eus-gaap--Investments_iI_c20231231__srt--ScheduleOfEquityMethodInvestmentEquityMethodInvesteeNameAxis__custom--IvedaPhilsJointVentureMember_zk65nyBNjQgk" title="Investments">180,000</span> investment for a <span id="xdx_908_eus-gaap--EquityMethodInvestmentOwnershipPercentage_iI_pid_dp_uPure_c20231231__srt--ScheduleOfEquityMethodInvestmentEquityMethodInvesteeNameAxis__custom--IvedaPhilsJointVentureMember_zQQi8sln7SGe" title="Equity method investment ownership percentage">40</span>% interest in
Iveda Phils Joint Venture (located in the Philippines). Based on Management&#8217;s
assessment, the value of its equity method investment was impaired as of December 31, 2023, and as such, recorded an impairment charge
of $<span id="xdx_90B_ecustom--EquityMethodInvestmentImpairmentCharge_iI_c20231231_zpT35cPEP241" title="Equity method investment impairment charge">180,000</span>. As of December 31, 2023 and 2024, the remaining value of its investments was $<span id="xdx_902_eus-gaap--Investments_iI_c20241231_zi6sYa9s2xj" title="Investments"><span id="xdx_905_eus-gaap--Investments_iI_c20231231_zQD3EzkFed3g" title="Investments">0</span></span>.</span></p>
<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_IncomeTaxPolicyTextBlock', window );">Income Taxes</a></td>
<td class="text"><p id="xdx_84C_eus-gaap--IncomeTaxPolicyTextBlock_zrmY9a4zNdP5" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b><span style="text-decoration: underline"><span id="xdx_868_zxzOjGDG09rl">Income
Taxes</span></span></b></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Deferred
income taxes are recognized in the consolidated financial statements for the tax consequences in future years of differences between
the tax bases of assets and liabilities and their financial reporting amounts based on enacted tax laws and statutory tax rates. Temporary
differences arise from sales cut-off, depreciation, deferred rent expense, and net operating losses. Valuation allowances are established
when necessary to reduce deferred tax assets to the amount that represents our best estimate of such deferred tax assets that, more likely
than not, will be realized. Income tax expense is the tax payable for the year and the change during the year in deferred tax assets
and liabilities.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">We
are subject to U.S. federal income tax as well as state income tax.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Our
U.S. income tax returns are subject to review and examination by federal, state, and local authorities. Our U.S. tax returns for the
years 2020 to 2023 are open to examination by federal, local, and state authorities.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Our
Taiwan tax returns are subject to review and examination by the Taiwan Ministry of Finance. Our Taiwan tax return for the years 2020
to 2023 are open to examination by the Taiwan Ministry of Finance.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_CashAndCashEquivalentsRestrictedCashAndCashEquivalentsPolicy', window );">Restricted Cash</a></td>
<td class="text"><p id="xdx_840_eus-gaap--CashAndCashEquivalentsRestrictedCashAndCashEquivalentsPolicy_zcSrAwcBSgo1" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b><span style="text-decoration: underline"><span id="xdx_865_zWhJ1h8iahZh">Restricted
Cash</span></span></b></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Restricted
cash represents time deposits on account to secure short-term bank loans in our Taiwan-based segment.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; display: none; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><span style="display: none"><span></span></span></span></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"></span></p>

<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_RevenueFromContractWithCustomerPolicyTextBlock', window );">Deferred Revenue</a></td>
<td class="text"><p id="xdx_84C_eus-gaap--RevenueFromContractWithCustomerPolicyTextBlock_z9nUe1VpT271" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"><span id="xdx_86B_z4D1xHsmT9s" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b><span style="text-decoration: underline">Deferred
Revenue</span></b></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Advance
payments received from customers on future installation projects are recorded as deferred revenue until such time our performance obligations on the contracts are completed.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>




<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_CompensationRelatedCostsPolicyTextBlock', window );">Stock-Based Compensation</a></td>
<td class="text"><p id="xdx_84C_eus-gaap--CompensationRelatedCostsPolicyTextBlock_zrqlIMniVKnk" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b><span style="text-decoration: underline"><span id="xdx_867_zAxTckzrWor3">Stock-Based
Compensation</span></span></b></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The Company periodically issues stock, stock options and restricted stock awards to employees and non-employees in
non-capital raising transactions for services and for financing costs. The Company accounts for such grants issued and vesting based on
ASC 718, Compensation-Stock Compensation whereby the value of the award is measured on the date of grant and recognized for employees
as compensation expense on the straight-line basis over the vesting period. Recognition of compensation expense for non-employees is in
the same period and manner as if the Company had paid cash for the services. The fair value of the Company&#8217;s stock options is estimated
using the Black-Scholes-Merton Option Pricing model, which uses certain assumptions related to risk-free interest rates, expected volatility,
expected life of the stock options or restricted stock, and future dividends. Compensation expense is recorded based upon the value derived
from the Black-Scholes-Merton Option Pricing model and based on actual experience. The assumptions used in the Black-Scholes-Merton Option
Pricing model could materially affect compensation expense recorded in future periods. We recognized $<span id="xdx_90E_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensation_pp0p0_c20240101__20241231_zxtzcdImOrVa" title="Stock option compensation">122,600</span> and $<span id="xdx_906_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensation_pp0p0_c20230101__20231231_zA7oPXtsaC82" title="Stock option compensation">104,600</span> of
stock-based compensation expense for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_FairValueOfFinancialInstrumentsPolicy', window );">Fair Value of Financial Instruments</a></td>
<td class="text"><p id="xdx_842_eus-gaap--FairValueOfFinancialInstrumentsPolicy_zSz4fCqLsSy8" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b><span style="text-decoration: underline"><span id="xdx_868_zBSF8ypWCkKi">Fair
Value of Financial Instruments</span></span></b></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify">The Company uses various inputs in determining the
fair value of its financial assets and liabilities and measures these assets on a recurring basis. Financial assets recorded at fair value
are categorized by the level of subjectivity associated with the inputs used to measure their fair value. Accounting Standards Codification
Section 820 defines the following levels of subjectivity associated with the inputs:</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify">Level 1&#8212;Quoted prices in active markets for
identical assets or liabilities.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify">Level 2&#8212;Inputs, other than the quoted prices
in active markets, that are observable either directly or indirectly.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify">Level 3&#8212;Unobservable inputs in which there is
little or no market data for the asset or liability which requires the Company to develop its own assumptions.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p>
<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Fair
value estimates discussed herein are based upon certain market assumptions and pertinent information available to us as of December 31,
2024 and December 31, 2023. The respective carrying values of certain on-balance-sheet financial instruments approximate their fair values.
These financial instruments include cash, accounts receivable, accounts payable, accrued expenses, and amounts due to related parties.
Fair values were assumed to approximate carrying values for these financial instruments because they are short-term in nature and their
carrying amounts approximate their fair values or because they are receivable or payable on demand. </span>The carrying values of financing
obligations approximate their fair values because interest rates on these obligations are based on prevailing market interest rates.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p>
<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"></p>

<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_NewAccountingPronouncementsPolicyPolicyTextBlock', window );">New Accounting Standards</a></td>
<td class="text"><p id="xdx_84F_eus-gaap--NewAccountingPronouncementsPolicyPolicyTextBlock_zzLKZhT1xKKl" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b><span style="text-decoration: underline"><span id="xdx_869_z4RIoIKPecUh">New
Accounting Standards</span></span></b></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">In
November 2023, the FASB issued ASU 2023-07, <i>Segment Reporting (Topic 280): Improvements to Reportable Segment Disclosure</i>, which
is intended to improve reportable segment disclosure requirements, primarily through enhanced disclosures about significant segment expense
categories that are regularly provided to the chief operating decision maker and included in each reported measure of a segment&#8217;s
profit or loss. The update also requires all annual disclosures about a reportable segment&#8217;s profit or loss and assets to be provided
in interim periods and for entities with a single reportable segment to provide all the disclosures required by ASC 280, <i>Segment Reporting</i>,
including the significant segment expense disclosures. This standard became effective for the Company on January 1, 2024. The adoption
of 2023-7 did not have a material impact on the Company&#8217;s results of operations, financial position or cash flows.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">In
November 2024, FASB issued ASU 2024-03 Income Statement&#8212;Reporting Comprehensive Income&#8212;Expense Disaggregation Disclosures
(Subtopic 220-40) Disaggregation of Income Statement Expenses. The guidance in ASU 2024-03 requires public business entities to disclose
in the notes to the financial statements, among other things, specific information about certain costs and expenses including purchases
of inventory; employee compensation; and depreciation and amortization expense for each caption on the income statement where such expenses
are included. The update is effective for annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2026, and interim reporting periods beginning
after December 15, 2027. Early adoption is permitted, and the amendments may be applied prospectively to reporting periods after the
effective date or retrospectively to all periods presented in the financial statements. We are currently evaluating the provisions of
this guidance and assessing the potential impact on our financial statement disclosures.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Other
recent accounting pronouncements and guidance issued by the FASB, its Emerging Issues Task Force, the American Institute of Certified
Public Accountants, and the Securities and Exchange Commission did not or are not believed by management to have a material impact on
the Company&#8217;s present or future financial statements.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"></p>

<span></span>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Disclosure of accounting policy for basis of accounting, or basis of presentation, used to prepare the financial statements (for example, US Generally Accepted Accounting Principles, Other Comprehensive Basis of Accounting, IFRS).</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Disclosure of accounting policy for cash and cash equivalents, including the policy for determining which items are treated as cash equivalents. Other information that may be disclosed includes (1) the nature of any restrictions on the entity's use of its cash and cash equivalents, (2) whether the entity's cash and cash equivalents are insured or expose the entity to credit risk, (3) the classification of any negative balance accounts (overdrafts), and (4) the carrying basis of cash equivalents (for example, at cost) and whether the carrying amount of cash equivalents approximates fair value.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 230<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482913/230-10-50-1<br></p></div>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Entity's cash and cash equivalents accounting policy with respect to restricted balances. Restrictions may include legally restricted deposits held as compensating balances against short-term borrowing arrangements, contracts entered into with others, or company statements of intention with regard to particular deposits; however, time deposits and short-term certificates of deposit are not generally included in legally restricted deposits.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Topic 942<br> -SubTopic 210<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.9-03(1)(a))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147478546/942-210-S99-1<br><br>Reference 2: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 230<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482913/230-10-50-1<br></p></div>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Disclosure of accounting policy for salaries, bonuses, incentive awards, postretirement and postemployment benefits granted to employees, including equity-based arrangements; discloses methodologies for measurement, and the bases for recognizing related assets and liabilities and recognizing and reporting compensation expense.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Topic 718<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (f)(1)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480429/718-10-50-2<br><br>Reference 2: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Topic 718<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (b)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480429/718-10-50-2<br></p></div>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Disclosure of accounting policy for comprehensive income.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Disclosure of accounting policy for credit risk.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 942<br> -SubTopic 825<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147478898/942-825-50-1<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (d)<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Topic 275<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482861/275-10-50-1<br></p></div>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Disclosure of accounting policy regarding (1) the principles it follows in consolidating or combining the separate financial statements, including the principles followed in determining the inclusion or exclusion of subsidiaries or other entities in the consolidated or combined financial statements and (2) its treatment of interests (for example, common stock, a partnership interest or other means of exerting influence) in other entities, for example consolidation or use of the equity or cost methods of accounting. The accounting policy may also address the accounting treatment for intercompany accounts and transactions, noncontrolling interest, and the income statement treatment in consolidation for issuances of stock by a subsidiary.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/exampleRef<br> -Topic 235<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 4<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147483426/235-10-50-4<br><br>Reference 2: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 810<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147481203/810-10-50-1<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Disclosure of accounting policy for deferral and amortization of significant deferred charges.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(17))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480566/210-10-S99-1<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
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<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Disclosure of accounting policy for equity method of accounting for investments and other interests. Investment includes, but is not limited to, unconsolidated subsidiary, corporate joint venture, noncontrolling interest in real estate venture, limited partnership, and limited liability company. Information includes, but is not limited to, ownership percentage, reason equity method is or is not considered appropriate, and accounting policy election for distribution received.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 323<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 3<br> -Subparagraph (a)(2)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147481687/323-10-50-3<br><br>Reference 2: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 825<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 28<br> -Subparagraph (f)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482907/825-10-50-28<br><br>Reference 3: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 21D<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Topic 230<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482740/230-10-45-21D<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_EquityMethodInvestmentsPolicy</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dtr-types:textBlockItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_FairValueOfFinancialInstrumentsPolicy">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Disclosure of accounting policy for determining the fair value of financial instruments.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Topic 825<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482907/825-10-50-1<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_FairValueOfFinancialInstrumentsPolicy</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dtr-types:textBlockItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_ImpairmentOrDisposalOfLongLivedAssetsPolicyTextBlock">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Disclosure of accounting policy for recognizing and measuring the impairment of long-lived assets. An entity also may disclose its accounting policy for long-lived assets to be sold. This policy excludes goodwill and intangible assets.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Topic 360<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (SAB Topic 5.CC)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480091/360-10-S99-2<br><br>Reference 2: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 05<br> -Paragraph 4<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Topic 360<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482338/360-10-05-4<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ImpairmentOrDisposalOfLongLivedAssetsPolicyTextBlock</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dtr-types:textBlockItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_IncomeTaxPolicyTextBlock">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Disclosure of accounting policy for income taxes, which may include its accounting policies for recognizing and measuring deferred tax assets and liabilities and related valuation allowances, recognizing investment tax credits, operating loss carryforwards, tax credit carryforwards, and other carryforwards, methodologies for determining its effective income tax rate and the characterization of interest and penalties in the financial statements.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 740<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 20<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482685/740-10-50-20<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 740<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 19<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482685/740-10-50-19<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 740<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 25<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482525/740-10-45-25<br><br>Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 946<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 3<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.6-03(h)(1))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147479886/946-10-S99-3<br><br>Reference 5: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 740<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 17<br> -Subparagraph (b)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482685/740-10-50-17<br><br>Reference 6: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 740<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 9<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482685/740-10-50-9<br><br>Reference 7: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 740<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 28<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482525/740-10-45-28<br><br>Reference 8: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 220<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482765/220-10-50-1<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_IncomeTaxPolicyTextBlock</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dtr-types:textBlockItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_InventoryPolicyTextBlock">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Disclosure of inventory accounting policy for inventory classes, including, but not limited to, basis for determining inventory amounts, methods by which amounts are added and removed from inventory classes, loss recognition on impairment of inventories, and situations in which inventories are stated above cost.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(6)(b))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480566/210-10-S99-1<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 330<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147483080/330-10-50-1<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147483489/210-10-50-1<br><br>Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/exampleRef<br> -Topic 235<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 4<br> -Subparagraph (d)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147483426/235-10-50-4<br><br>Reference 5: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 912<br> -SubTopic 330<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147478411/912-330-50-1<br><br>Reference 6: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 330<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/330/tableOfContent<br><br>Reference 7: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 330<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 4<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147483080/330-10-50-4<br><br>Reference 8: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 6<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Topic 270<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482989/270-10-45-6<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_InventoryPolicyTextBlock</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dtr-types:textBlockItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_NewAccountingPronouncementsPolicyPolicyTextBlock">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Disclosure of accounting policy pertaining to new accounting pronouncements that may impact the entity's financial reporting. Includes, but is not limited to, quantification of the expected or actual impact.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_NewAccountingPronouncementsPolicyPolicyTextBlock</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dtr-types:textBlockItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentPolicyTextBlock">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Disclosure of accounting policy for long-lived, physical asset used in normal conduct of business and not intended for resale. Includes, but is not limited to, work of art, historical treasure, and similar asset classified as collections.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Topic 360<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482099/360-10-50-1<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 944<br> -SubTopic 210<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.7-03(a)(8)(a))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147478777/944-210-S99-1<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 6<br> -SubTopic 360<br> -Topic 958<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147477798/958-360-50-6<br><br>Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (d)<br> -SubTopic 360<br> -Topic 958<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147477798/958-360-50-1<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentPolicyTextBlock</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dtr-types:textBlockItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_RevenueFromContractWithCustomerPolicyTextBlock">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Disclosure of accounting policy for revenue from contract with customer.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 606<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 17<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147479806/606-10-50-17<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 606<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 19<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147479806/606-10-50-19<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 606<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 18<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147479806/606-10-50-18<br><br>Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 606<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 18<br> -Subparagraph (b)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147479806/606-10-50-18<br><br>Reference 5: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 606<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 20<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147479806/606-10-50-20<br><br>Reference 6: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 606<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 20<br> -Subparagraph (b)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147479806/606-10-50-20<br><br>Reference 7: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 606<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 20<br> -Subparagraph (c)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147479806/606-10-50-20<br><br>Reference 8: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 606<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 20<br> -Subparagraph (d)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147479806/606-10-50-20<br><br>Reference 9: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/exampleRef<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 4<br> -Subparagraph (e)<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Topic 235<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147483426/235-10-50-4<br><br>Reference 10: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 606<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/606/tableOfContent<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_RevenueFromContractWithCustomerPolicyTextBlock</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dtr-types:textBlockItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_TradeAndOtherAccountsReceivablePolicy">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Disclosure of accounting policy for accounts receivable.</p></div>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Disclosure of accounting policy for the use of estimates in the preparation of financial statements in conformity with generally accepted accounting principles.</p></div>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Disclosure of accounting policies and anticipated effects of regulatory rulings and on rate-setting regarding revenues and expenses incurred and recovered, including billed and unbilled revenues, revenues collected subject to refund, taxes collected from customers and remitted to governmental authorities, and postretirement benefits.</p></div>
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<span style="display: none;">v3.25.2</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="id2">
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<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="2"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (Tables)<br></strong></div></th>
<th class="th" colspan="1">12 Months Ended</th>
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<tr><th class="th"><div>Dec. 31, 2024</div></th></tr>
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<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_AccountingPoliciesAbstract', window );"><strong>Accounting Policies [Abstract]</strong></a></td>
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<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DisaggregationOfRevenueTableTextBlock', window );">Schedule of Disaggregation of Revenue</a></td>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Tabular disclosure of disaggregation of revenue into categories depicting how nature, amount, timing, and uncertainty of revenue and cash flows are affected by economic factor.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Topic 606<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 5<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147479806/606-10-50-5<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
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<span style="display: none;">v3.25.2</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="id2">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="2"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Accounts and Other Payables (Tables)<br></strong></div></th>
<th class="th" colspan="1">12 Months Ended</th>
</tr>
<tr><th class="th"><div>Dec. 31, 2024</div></th></tr>
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<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_PayablesAndAccrualsAbstract', window );"><strong>Payables and Accruals [Abstract]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ScheduleOfAccountsPayableAndAccruedLiabilitiesTableTextBlock', window );">Schedule Of Accounts and Other Payables</a></td>
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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"></span></p>

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    <td colspan="2" id="xdx_495_20231231_zJBbbkMsma7d" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: center">December 31, 2023</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td></tr>
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    <td style="text-align: center">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
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    <td style="width: 64%; text-align: left">Accounts Payable</td><td style="width: 2%">&#160;</td>
    <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left">$</td><td style="width: 14%; text-align: right">730,297</td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="width: 2%">&#160;</td>
    <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left">$</td><td style="width: 14%; text-align: right">379,949</td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_400_eus-gaap--OtherAccruedLiabilitiesCurrent_iI_maAPAOAzMjb_zxy2kRAY5az1" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="text-align: left">Accrued Expenses</td><td>&#160;</td>
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    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">899,755</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_405_ecustom--DeferredRevenueAndCustomerDepositsCurrent_iI_maAPAOAzMjb_zQxMkoG94Ebk" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="text-align: justify; padding-bottom: 1pt">Deferred Revenue and Customer Deposits</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
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<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Tabular disclosure of the (a) carrying value as of the balance sheet date of liabilities incurred (and for which invoices have typically been received) and payable to vendors for goods and services received that are used in an entity's business (accounts payable); (b) other payables; and (c) accrued liabilities. Examples include taxes, interest, rent and utilities. Used to reflect the current portion of the liabilities (due within one year or within the normal operating cycle if longer). An alternative caption includes accrued expenses.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
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<html>
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<title></title>
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="include/report.css">
<script type="text/javascript" src="Show.js">/* Do Not Remove This Comment */</script><script type="text/javascript">
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<span style="display: none;">v3.25.2</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="id2">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="2"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>SHORT-TERM AND LONG-TERM DEBT (Tables)<br></strong></div></th>
<th class="th" colspan="1">12 Months Ended</th>
</tr>
<tr><th class="th"><div>Dec. 31, 2024</div></th></tr>
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<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DebtDisclosureAbstract', window );"><strong>Debt Disclosure [Abstract]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ScheduleOfShortTermDebtTextBlock', window );">SCHEDULE OF SHORT-TERM DEBT</a></td>
<td class="text"><p id="xdx_898_eus-gaap--ScheduleOfShortTermDebtTextBlock_zHroRtzEtdvi" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>The
short-term debt balances were as follows:</b></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>&#160;</b></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><span id="xdx_8B9_zV1pWn7yswhb" style="display: none">SCHEDULE
OF SHORT-TERM DEBT</span></span></p>

<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%">
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: center">December 31, 2024</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: center">December 31, 2023</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td colspan="2">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td colspan="2">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="width: 64%; text-align: left">Loan from Shanghai Commercial Bank at <span class="xdx_phnt_RGlzY2xvc3VyZSAtIFNDSEVEVUxFIE9GIFNIT1JULVRFUk0gREVCVCAoRGV0YWlscykgKFBhcmVudGhldGljYWwpAA__" id="xdx_900_eus-gaap--DebtInstrumentInterestRateDuringPeriod_pid_dp_uPure_c20240101__20241231__us-gaap--RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis__custom--ShanghaiBankMember__srt--RangeAxis__srt--MinimumMember_zC3jImsLW1Tk" title="Interest rate"><span class="xdx_phnt_RGlzY2xvc3VyZSAtIFNDSEVEVUxFIE9GIFNIT1JULVRFUk0gREVCVCAoRGV0YWlscykgKFBhcmVudGhldGljYWwpAA__" id="xdx_90B_eus-gaap--DebtInstrumentInterestRateDuringPeriod_pid_dp_uPure_c20230101__20231231__us-gaap--RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis__custom--ShanghaiBankMember__srt--RangeAxis__srt--MinimumMember_z19ikWcf7v78" title="Interest rate">3.1</span></span>%-<span class="xdx_phnt_RGlzY2xvc3VyZSAtIFNDSEVEVUxFIE9GIFNIT1JULVRFUk0gREVCVCAoRGV0YWlscykgKFBhcmVudGhldGljYWwpAA__" id="xdx_902_eus-gaap--DebtInstrumentInterestRateDuringPeriod_pid_dp_uPure_c20240101__20241231__us-gaap--RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis__custom--ShanghaiBankMember__srt--RangeAxis__srt--MaximumMember_zuARMmjSBUmf" title="Interest rate"><span class="xdx_phnt_RGlzY2xvc3VyZSAtIFNDSEVEVUxFIE9GIFNIT1JULVRFUk0gREVCVCAoRGV0YWlscykgKFBhcmVudGhldGljYWwpAA__" id="xdx_909_eus-gaap--DebtInstrumentInterestRateDuringPeriod_pid_dp_uPure_c20230101__20231231__us-gaap--RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis__custom--ShanghaiBankMember__srt--RangeAxis__srt--MaximumMember_zDj0y7KIPiJf" title="Interest rate">3.2</span></span>%
    interest rate per annum. <span class="xdx_phnt_RGlzY2xvc3VyZSAtIFNDSEVEVUxFIE9GIFNIT1JULVRFUk0gREVCVCAoRGV0YWlscykgKFBhcmVudGhldGljYWwpAA__" id="xdx_904_eus-gaap--DebtInstrumentMaturityDateDescription_c20240101__20241231__us-gaap--RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis__custom--ShanghaiBankMember_zVbgrq0DtLQg" title="Debt instrument, maturity date"><span class="xdx_phnt_RGlzY2xvc3VyZSAtIFNDSEVEVUxFIE9GIFNIT1JULVRFUk0gREVCVCAoRGV0YWlscykgKFBhcmVudGhldGljYWwpAA__" id="xdx_900_eus-gaap--DebtInstrumentMaturityDateDescription_c20230101__20231231__us-gaap--RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis__custom--ShanghaiBankMember_zrNKtzWzdXW1" title="Debt instrument, maturity date">Due
    originally in January 2025 and subsequently replaced with a new loan which matures January 2026.</span></span></td><td style="width: 2%">&#160;</td>
    <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left">$</td><td id="xdx_982_eus-gaap--ShortTermBorrowings_iI_c20241231__us-gaap--RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis__custom--ShanghaiBankMember_z0ohjdKKqMSk" style="width: 14%; text-align: right" title="Short term debt">183,011</td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="width: 2%">&#160;</td>
    <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left">$</td><td id="xdx_984_eus-gaap--ShortTermBorrowings_iI_c20231231__us-gaap--RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis__custom--ShanghaiBankMember_znE3cj2ROUo9" style="width: 14%; text-align: right" title="Short term debt">88,032</td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="text-align: left">Loan from HuaNam Bank at <span class="xdx_phnt_RGlzY2xvc3VyZSAtIFNDSEVEVUxFIE9GIFNIT1JULVRFUk0gREVCVCAoRGV0YWlscykgKFBhcmVudGhldGljYWwpAA__" id="xdx_90B_eus-gaap--DebtInstrumentInterestRateDuringPeriod_pid_dp_uPure_c20240101__20241231__us-gaap--RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis__custom--HuaNamBankMember_zh1bjmL6cnZj" title="Interest rate"><span class="xdx_phnt_RGlzY2xvc3VyZSAtIFNDSEVEVUxFIE9GIFNIT1JULVRFUk0gREVCVCAoRGV0YWlscykgKFBhcmVudGhldGljYWwpAA__" id="xdx_90F_eus-gaap--DebtInstrumentInterestRateDuringPeriod_pid_dp_uPure_c20230101__20231231__us-gaap--RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis__custom--HuaNamBankMember_zHPbojkGkLN4" title="Interest rate">3.4</span></span>%
    interest rate per annum. <span class="xdx_phnt_RGlzY2xvc3VyZSAtIFNDSEVEVUxFIE9GIFNIT1JULVRFUk0gREVCVCAoRGV0YWlscykgKFBhcmVudGhldGljYWwpAA__" id="xdx_90A_eus-gaap--DebtInstrumentMaturityDateDescription_c20240101__20241231__us-gaap--RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis__custom--HuaNamBankMember_zfRfCgvVh6Pl" title="Debt instrument, maturity date"><span class="xdx_phnt_RGlzY2xvc3VyZSAtIFNDSEVEVUxFIE9GIFNIT1JULVRFUk0gREVCVCAoRGV0YWlscykgKFBhcmVudGhldGljYWwpAA__" id="xdx_905_eus-gaap--DebtInstrumentMaturityDateDescription_c20230101__20231231__us-gaap--RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis__custom--HuaNamBankMember_zKbvd4xK7nS4" title="Debt instrument, maturity date">Due
    in June 2025.</span></span></td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td id="xdx_987_eus-gaap--ShortTermBorrowings_iI_c20241231__us-gaap--RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis__custom--HuaNamBankMember_zGOsvH6Fwuld" style="text-align: right" title="Short term debt">91,505</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td id="xdx_982_eus-gaap--ShortTermBorrowings_iI_c20231231__us-gaap--RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis__custom--HuaNamBankMember_zaGq1kkYqYYg" style="text-align: right" title="Short term debt">97,777</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1pt">Loan from ChangHwa Bank at <span class="xdx_phnt_RGlzY2xvc3VyZSAtIFNDSEVEVUxFIE9GIFNIT1JULVRFUk0gREVCVCAoRGV0YWlscykgKFBhcmVudGhldGljYWwpAA__" id="xdx_909_eus-gaap--DebtInstrumentInterestRateDuringPeriod_pid_dp_uPure_c20230101__20231231__us-gaap--RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis__custom--ChangHwaBankMember__srt--RangeAxis__srt--MinimumMember_zWXwlFl8RNye">3</span>%
-<span class="xdx_phnt_RGlzY2xvc3VyZSAtIFNDSEVEVUxFIE9GIFNIT1JULVRFUk0gREVCVCAoRGV0YWlscykgKFBhcmVudGhldGljYWwpAA__" id="xdx_904_eus-gaap--DebtInstrumentInterestRateDuringPeriod_pid_dp_uPure_c20240101__20241231__us-gaap--RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis__custom--ChangHwaBankMember__srt--RangeAxis__srt--MaximumMember_zH0zPZsX3TDb">3.3%</span>
interest rate per annum. <span class="xdx_phnt_RGlzY2xvc3VyZSAtIFNDSEVEVUxFIE9GIFNIT1JULVRFUk0gREVCVCAoRGV0YWlscykgKFBhcmVudGhldGljYWwpAA__" id="xdx_905_eus-gaap--DebtInstrumentMaturityDateDescription_c20230101__20231231__us-gaap--RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis__custom--ChangHwaBankMember_zRUrEtmuiR8l">Due
in May 2025.</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td id="xdx_98E_eus-gaap--ShortTermBorrowings_iI_c20241231__us-gaap--RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis__custom--ChangHwaBankMember_za3y2mheJ68e" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right" title="Short term debt">152,509</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td id="xdx_987_eus-gaap--ShortTermBorrowings_iI_c20231231__us-gaap--RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis__custom--ChangHwaBankMember_z4XRoVjNDhf2" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right" title="Short term debt">162,962</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 2.5pt">Balance at end of period</td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left">$</td><td id="xdx_98B_eus-gaap--ShortTermBorrowings_iI_c20241231_zEy4mOyMb094" style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right" title="Short term debt">427,025</td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left">$</td><td id="xdx_983_eus-gaap--ShortTermBorrowings_iI_c20231231_zBDabK5W1FGb" style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right" title="Short term debt">348,771</td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  </table>

<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ScheduleOfDebtInstrumentsTextBlock', window );">SCHEDULE OF LONG-TERM DEBT</a></td>
<td class="text"><p id="xdx_891_eus-gaap--ScheduleOfDebtInstrumentsTextBlock_zdcXLf1ce7W2" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>The
Long-term debt balances were as follows:</b></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>&#160;</b></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><span id="xdx_8B7_z3k2pGaJ6q1a" style="display: none">SCHEDULE
OF LONG-TERM DEBT</span></span></p>

<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%">
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="width: 64%; text-align: left">Loans from Shanghai Commercial Bank with interest rates <span class="xdx_phnt_RGlzY2xvc3VyZSAtIFNDSEVEVUxFIE9GIExPTkctVEVSTSBERUJUIChEZXRhaWxzKSAoUGFyZW50aGV0aWNhbCkA" id="xdx_906_eus-gaap--DebtInstrumentInterestRateEffectivePercentage_iI_pid_dp_uPure_c20241231__us-gaap--RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis__custom--ShanghaiBankMember_fKDEp_zo3LoW0KVrdg" title="Debt interest rate"><span class="xdx_phnt_RGlzY2xvc3VyZSAtIFNDSEVEVUxFIE9GIExPTkctVEVSTSBERUJUIChEZXRhaWxzKSAoUGFyZW50aGV0aWNhbCkA" id="xdx_90B_eus-gaap--DebtInstrumentInterestRateEffectivePercentage_iI_pid_dp_uPure_c20231231__us-gaap--RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis__custom--ShanghaiBankMember_fKDEp_z7j3g9ovhiSk" title="Debt interest rate">2.1</span></span>%
    per annum due <span class="xdx_phnt_RGlzY2xvc3VyZSAtIFNDSEVEVUxFIE9GIExPTkctVEVSTSBERUJUIChEZXRhaWxzKSAoUGFyZW50aGV0aWNhbCkA" id="xdx_906_ecustom--LongTermDebtInstrumentMaturityDateDescription_c20240101__20241231__us-gaap--RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis__custom--ShanghaiBankMember_fKDEp_zmoLP3xOv5xh" title="Maturity date description"><span class="xdx_phnt_RGlzY2xvc3VyZSAtIFNDSEVEVUxFIE9GIExPTkctVEVSTSBERUJUIChEZXRhaWxzKSAoUGFyZW50aGV0aWNhbCkA" id="xdx_902_ecustom--LongTermDebtInstrumentMaturityDateDescription_c20230101__20231231__us-gaap--RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis__custom--ShanghaiBankMember_fKDEp_zBaosWTqM7yl" title="Maturity date description">January
    2029 (1)</span></span></td><td style="width: 2%">&#160;</td>
    <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left">$</td><td id="xdx_984_eus-gaap--LoansPayableCurrent_iI_c20241231__us-gaap--RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis__custom--ShanghaiBankMember_fKDEp_zYZAXyRkkpm5" style="width: 14%; text-align: right" title="Loans">498,195</td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="width: 2%">&#160;</td>
    <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left">$</td><td id="xdx_987_eus-gaap--LoansPayableCurrent_iI_c20231231__us-gaap--RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis__custom--ShanghaiBankMember_fKDEp_zLWkDY0qyk1i" style="width: 14%; text-align: right" title="Loans"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl0715">-</span></td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1pt">Current Portion of Long-term debt</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td id="xdx_984_eus-gaap--LongTermDebtCurrent_iNI_di_c20241231_zxyDQF0ZUN4l" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right" title="Current portion of long term debt">(122,007</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">)</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td id="xdx_988_eus-gaap--LongTermDebtCurrent_iNI_di_c20231231_zfYwrqZ2xOE5" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right" title="Current portion of long term debt"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl0719">-</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 2.5pt">Balance at end of period</td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left">$</td><td id="xdx_985_eus-gaap--LongTermDebt_iI_c20241231_zikQtS0TvPz4" style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right" title="Long term debt">376,188</td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left">$</td><td id="xdx_98F_eus-gaap--LongTermDebt_iI_c20231231_zofZgHYXAmo3" style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right" title="Long term debt"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl0723">-</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  </table>

<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_srt_ContractualObligationFiscalYearMaturityScheduleTableTextBlock', window );">SCHEDULE OF MINIMUM PAYMENT OF LONG TERM DEBT</a></td>
<td class="text"><p id="xdx_89A_esrt--ContractualObligationFiscalYearMaturityScheduleTableTextBlock_zCA1QcDqTaI5" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: center"><span id="xdx_8B2_ztUBaeiD5aI3" style="display: none">SCHEDULE OF MINIMUM PAYMENT OF LONG TERM DEBT</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: center"></p>

<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 70%">
  <tr style="display: none; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td id="xdx_49C_20241231__us-gaap--RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis__custom--ChangHwaBankMember_z1vcujqo5PP5" style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_40F_eus-gaap--LongTermDebtMaturitiesRepaymentsOfPrincipalInNextTwelveMonths_iI_maLTDzu20_zGCqFlKZfcS6" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="width: 78%; text-align: left">2025</td><td style="width: 2%">&#160;</td>
    <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left">$</td><td style="width: 18%; text-align: right">122,007</td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_401_eus-gaap--LongTermDebtMaturitiesRepaymentsOfPrincipalInYearTwo_iI_maLTDzu20_zJBRLclp6tR5" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="text-align: left">2026</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">122,007</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_406_eus-gaap--LongTermDebtMaturitiesRepaymentsOfPrincipalInYearThree_iI_maLTDzu20_ztewVVOnppp3" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="text-align: left">2027</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">122,007</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_40B_eus-gaap--LongTermDebtMaturitiesRepaymentsOfPrincipalInYearFour_iI_maLTDzu20_zHVFiNMRizF9" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="text-align: left">2028</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">122,007</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_402_ecustom--LongTermDebtMaturitiesRepaymentsOfPrincipalAfterYearFour_iI_maLTDzu20_z4xfMqE8ayRl" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">Thereafter</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right">10,167</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_40E_eus-gaap--LongTermDebt_iTI_mtLTDzu20_z9pPvIVcwjD2" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 2.5pt">Total</td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left">$</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right">498,195</td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  </table>


<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: center">&#160;</p>

<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="width: 100%; font: 12pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"><tr style="vertical-align: top">
<td style="width: 0.25in"></td><td style="width: 0.25in"><span id="xdx_F0B_zJuC47EOFgKj" style="font-size: 10pt">(1)</span></td><td style="text-align: justify"><span id="xdx_F12_zQEWYkLRbWK1" style="font-size: 10pt">On
                                            January 24, 2024, the Company received a facility notice from Shanghai Commercial Bank, granting
                                            a revolving loan facility totaling up to TWD <span class="xdx_phnt_RGlzY2xvc3VyZSAtIFNDSEVEVUxFIE9GIExPTkctVEVSTSBERUJUIChEZXRhaWxzKSAoUGFyZW50aGV0aWNhbCkA" id="xdx_904_eus-gaap--LineOfCreditFacilityMaximumBorrowingCapacity_iI_uNTD_c20240124__us-gaap--CreditFacilityAxis__us-gaap--RevolvingCreditFacilityMember_z6SmmmNufU21" title="Line of credit facility maximum borrowing capacity">10,000,000</span></span>
                                            <span style="font-size: 10pt">(approximately $<span class="xdx_phnt_RGlzY2xvc3VyZSAtIFNDSEVEVUxFIE9GIExPTkctVEVSTSBERUJUIChEZXRhaWxzKSAoUGFyZW50aGV0aWNhbCkA" id="xdx_901_eus-gaap--LineOfCreditFacilityMaximumBorrowingCapacity_iI_uUSD_c20240124__us-gaap--CreditFacilityAxis__us-gaap--RevolvingCreditFacilityMember_zJynBP4yrwF8" title="Line of credit facility maximum borrowing capacity">300,000</span> USD) and term loan facility amounting
                                            of TWD <span class="xdx_phnt_RGlzY2xvc3VyZSAtIFNDSEVEVUxFIE9GIExPTkctVEVSTSBERUJUIChEZXRhaWxzKSAoUGFyZW50aGV0aWNhbCkA" id="xdx_907_eus-gaap--LongTermDebt_iI_uNTD_c20240124__us-gaap--LongtermDebtTypeAxis__custom--TermLoanMember_zXihGJI2EBJ5" title="Long term debt">20,000,000</span>
                                            (approximately ($<span class="xdx_phnt_RGlzY2xvc3VyZSAtIFNDSEVEVUxFIE9GIExPTkctVEVSTSBERUJUIChEZXRhaWxzKSAoUGFyZW50aGV0aWNhbCkA" id="xdx_904_eus-gaap--LongTermDebt_iI_c20240124__us-gaap--LongtermDebtTypeAxis__custom--TermLoanMember_zbHZWOEbyHKh" title="Long term debt">600,000</span> USD)</span><span style="font-size: 10pt">. The term for the
                                            revolving loan is <span class="xdx_phnt_RGlzY2xvc3VyZSAtIFNDSEVEVUxFIE9GIExPTkctVEVSTSBERUJUIChEZXRhaWxzKSAoUGFyZW50aGV0aWNhbCkA" id="xdx_90A_eus-gaap--DebtInstrumentTerm_dtY_c20240124__20240124__us-gaap--CreditFacilityAxis__us-gaap--RevolvingCreditFacilityMember_zLXQ5naeQHH2">1</span></span>
                                            <span style="font-size: 10pt">year and for the term loan is <span class="xdx_phnt_RGlzY2xvc3VyZSAtIFNDSEVEVUxFIE9GIExPTkctVEVSTSBERUJUIChEZXRhaWxzKSAoUGFyZW50aGV0aWNhbCkA" id="xdx_908_eus-gaap--DebtInstrumentTerm_dtY_c20240124__20240124__us-gaap--CreditFacilityAxis__custom--TermLoanMember_zLfYEd3duHIh">5</span></span>
                                            <span style="font-size: 10pt">years. The <span class="xdx_phnt_RGlzY2xvc3VyZSAtIFNDSEVEVUxFIE9GIExPTkctVEVSTSBERUJUIChEZXRhaWxzKSAoUGFyZW50aGV0aWNhbCkA" id="xdx_902_eus-gaap--DebtInstrumentTerm_dtY_c20240124__20240124__us-gaap--LongtermDebtTypeAxis__custom--TermLoanMember_zdyb3igSwWkg">5</span></span>
                                            <span style="font-size: 10pt">year term loan requires monthly payments including interest
                                            and principle, and the revolving loan requires a full principal repayment at the maturity
                                            date. The short-term Shanghai Commercial Bank loan is <span class="xdx_phnt_RGlzY2xvc3VyZSAtIFNDSEVEVUxFIE9GIExPTkctVEVSTSBERUJUIChEZXRhaWxzKSAoUGFyZW50aGV0aWNhbCkA" id="xdx_909_ecustom--LoanSecuritzedByGovernmentGuaranteePercentage_dp_c20240124__20240124_zo1gGQwouc6c">75</span></span><span style="font-size: 10pt">%
                                            securitized by the  government guarantee fund called SME credit guarantee fund and <span class="xdx_phnt_RGlzY2xvc3VyZSAtIFNDSEVEVUxFIE9GIExPTkctVEVSTSBERUJUIChEZXRhaWxzKSAoUGFyZW50aGV0aWNhbCkA" id="xdx_90A_ecustom--SecurityDepositPercentage_dp_c20240124__20240124_zfOhSiDLFt48">10</span></span><span style="font-size: 10pt">%
                                            by saving deposit security. The guarantors of this loan are Mr. Siu and Mr. Cheung, who are
                                            both part of Iveda Taiwan&#8217;s management team.</span></td></tr>
                                                                                                              </table>

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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Tabular disclosure of contractual obligation by timing of payment due. Includes, but is not limited to, long-term debt obligation, lease obligation, and purchase obligation.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Name Regulation S-X (SX)<br> -Number 210<br> -Section 12<br> -Subsection 04<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -Publisher SEC<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Topic 235<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 3<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.12-04(a))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480678/235-10-S99-3<br></p></div>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Tabular disclosure of long-debt instruments or arrangements, including identification, terms, features, collateral requirements and other information necessary to a fair presentation. These are debt arrangements that originally required repayment more than twelve months after issuance or greater than the normal operating cycle of the entity, if longer.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(22))<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Topic 210<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480566/210-10-S99-1<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/exampleRef<br> -Topic 470<br> -SubTopic 20<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 55<br> -Paragraph 69B<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147481568/470-20-55-69B<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/exampleRef<br> -Topic 470<br> -SubTopic 20<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 55<br> -Paragraph 69E<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147481568/470-20-55-69E<br><br>Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Topic 235<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 3<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.12-04(a))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480678/235-10-S99-3<br><br>Reference 5: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Topic 835<br> -SubTopic 30<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482925/835-30-45-2<br><br>Reference 6: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 505<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 3<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147481112/505-10-50-3<br><br>Reference 7: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 942<br> -SubTopic 470<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 3<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147477734/942-470-50-3<br><br>Reference 8: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 505<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 8<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147481112/505-10-50-8<br><br>Reference 9: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Topic 505<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 6<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147481112/505-10-50-6<br><br>Reference 10: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Topic 505<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 7<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147481112/505-10-50-7<br></p></div>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Tabular disclosure of short-term debt arrangements (having initial terms of repayment within one year or the normal operating cycle, if longer) including: (1) description of the short-term debt arrangement; (2) identification of the lender or type of lender; (3) repayment terms; (4) weighted average interest rate; (5) carrying amount of funds borrowed under the specified short-term debt arrangement as of the balance sheet date; (6) description of the refinancing of a short-term obligation when that obligation is excluded from current liabilities in the balance sheet; and (7) amount of a short-term obligation that has been excluded from current liabilities in the balance sheet because of a refinancing of the obligation.</p></div>
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<span style="display: none;">v3.25.2</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="id2">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="2"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>STOCK OPTION PLAN AND WARRANTS (Tables)<br></strong></div></th>
<th class="th" colspan="1">12 Months Ended</th>
</tr>
<tr><th class="th"><div>Dec. 31, 2024</div></th></tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DisclosureOfCompensationRelatedCostsSharebasedPaymentsAbstract', window );"><strong>Share-Based Payment Arrangement [Abstract]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
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<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DisclosureOfShareBasedCompensationArrangementsByShareBasedPaymentAwardTextBlock', window );">SCHEDULE OF STOCK OPTION TRANSACTIONS</a></td>
<td class="text"><p id="xdx_89D_eus-gaap--DisclosureOfShareBasedCompensationArrangementsByShareBasedPaymentAwardTextBlock_z90JcSGkVIoa" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Stock
option transactions during 2024 and 2023 were as follows:</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><span id="xdx_8B8_z1UedftvW1m3" style="display: none">SCHEDULE
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    <td>&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
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    <td>&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
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    <td colspan="2">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
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    <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left">$</td><td id="xdx_987_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingWeightedAverageExercisePrice_iS_c20240101__20241231_zAbGsC2Spjo5" style="width: 10%; text-align: right" title="Weighted-Average Exercise Price, Outstanding at Beginning of Year">36.01</td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="width: 2%">&#160;</td>
    <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td id="xdx_984_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingNumber_iS_c20230101__20231231_zxGxzQPtAOqb" style="width: 10%; text-align: right" title="Shares, Outstanding at Beginning of Year">126,805</td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="width: 2%">&#160;</td>
    <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left">$</td><td id="xdx_983_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingWeightedAverageExercisePrice_iS_c20230101__20231231_zof3PrzjQi8" style="width: 10%; text-align: right" title="Weighted-Average Exercise Price, Outstanding at Beginning of Year">36.08</td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
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    <td>Granted</td><td>&#160;</td>
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    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td id="xdx_980_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementsByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsGrantsInPeriodWeightedAverageExercisePrice_c20240101__20241231_zpuUh9fJI7ij" style="text-align: right" title="Weighted-Average Exercise Price, Granted">1.78</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td id="xdx_980_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsGrantsInPeriod_c20230101__20231231_z2cOU4polYqa" style="text-align: right" title="Shares, Granted">37,188</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td id="xdx_984_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementsByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsGrantsInPeriodWeightedAverageExercisePrice_c20230101__20231231_zbzcNCg7ih91" style="text-align: right" title="Weighted-Average Exercise Price, Granted">5.48</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td>Exercised</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td id="xdx_987_eus-gaap--StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesStockOptionsExercised_iN_di_c20240101__20241231_z0Ed2jNdZxag" style="text-align: right" title="Shares, Exercised"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl0858">-</span></td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
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  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
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  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 2.5pt">Outstanding at End of Year</td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td id="xdx_98F_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingNumber_iE_c20240101__20241231_zhKEyZok6BIg" style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right" title="Shares, Outstanding at End of Year">217,056</td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td id="xdx_985_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingWeightedAverageExercisePrice_iE_c20240101__20241231_zUbEStrrug8c" style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: right" title="Weighted-Average Exercise Price, Outstanding at End of Year">18.56</td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td id="xdx_98E_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingNumber_iE_c20230101__20231231_zxBSyWOrATQg" style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right" title="Shares, Outstanding at End of Year">162,625</td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt">&#160;</td>
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  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 2.5pt">Options Exercisable at Year-End</td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td id="xdx_98F_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsExercisableNumber_iE_c20240101__20241231_zBGShw5GZtC6" style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right" title="Shares, Options Exercisable at End of Year">214,525</td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left">$</td><td id="xdx_98D_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsExercisableWeightedAverageExercisePrice_iE_c20240101__20241231_zc4dCzpGk71f" style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: right" title="Weighted-Average Exercise Price, Options Exercisable at End of Year">18.74</td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td id="xdx_988_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsExercisableNumber_iE_c20230101__20231231_zcy7wBxqVv8f" style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right" title="Shares, Options Exercisable at End of Year">157,547</td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left">$</td><td id="xdx_985_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsExercisableWeightedAverageExercisePrice_iE_c20230101__20231231_zAUtasc7lNVb" style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: right" title="Weighted-Average Exercise Price, Options Exercisable at End of Year">36.96</td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  </table>

<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ScheduleOfShareBasedCompensationSharesAuthorizedUnderStockOptionPlansByExercisePriceRangeTextBlock', window );">SCHEDULE OF STOCK OPTION OUTSTANDING AND EXERCISABLE AND EXERCISABLE EXERCISE PRICE RANGE</a></td>
<td class="text"><p id="xdx_898_eus-gaap--ScheduleOfShareBasedCompensationSharesAuthorizedUnderStockOptionPlansByExercisePriceRangeTextBlock_zcAnqU3wxzH2" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Information
with respect to stock options outstanding and exercisable at December 31, 2024 is as follows:</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><span id="xdx_8BE_zgYwm8vRl8pg" style="display: none">SCHEDULE
OF STOCK OPTION OUTSTANDING AND EXERCISABLE AND EXERCISABLE EXERCISE PRICE RANGE</span></span></p>

<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom">
    <td colspan="2" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="10" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Options
    Outstanding</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="6" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Options
    Exercisable</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom">
    <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Range
    of <br/>
    Exercise<br/>
    Prices</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
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    Outstanding at<br/>
    December 31,<br/>
    2024</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Weighted-<br/>
    Average<br/>
    Remaining<br/>
    Contractual <br/>
    Life</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Weighted-
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    Average<br/>
    Exercise <br/>
    Price</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Number
    <br/>
    Exercisable at <br/>
    December 31,<br/>
    2024</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Weighted-
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    Average <br/>
    Exercise <br/>
    Price</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: #CCEEFF">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">$</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 13%; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><span id="xdx_907_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationSharesAuthorizedUnderStockOptionPlansExercisePriceRangeLowerRangeLimit_c20240101__20241231_zEScDW5Al3f3" title="Range of Exercise,  Lower Range Limit">1.58</span>-<span id="xdx_909_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationSharesAuthorizedUnderStockOptionPlansExercisePriceRangeUpperRangeLimit_c20240101__20241231_z8lMeZBIesCj" title="Range of Exercise,  Upper Range Limit">142.08</span>
    </span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 2%"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td id="xdx_988_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationSharesAuthorizedUnderStockOptionPlansExercisePriceRangeNumberOfOutstandingOptions_iI_c20241231_zTBg5r3JX7V8" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 13%; text-align: right" title="Options Outstanding, Number Outstanding"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">217,056</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 2%"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 14%; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><span id="xdx_903_eus-gaap--SharebasedCompensationSharesAuthorizedUnderStockOptionPlansExercisePriceRangeOutstandingOptionsWeightedAverageRemainingContractualTerm2_dtY_c20240101__20241231_zQKVRaTRNa4j" title="Options Outstanding, Weighted- Average Remaining Contractual Life">7.7</span></span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 2%"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">$</span></td>
    <td id="xdx_982_eus-gaap--SharebasedCompensationSharesAuthorizedUnderStockOptionPlansExercisePriceRangeOutstandingOptionsWeightedAverageExercisePriceBeginningBalance1_iI_c20241231_zekICGfJBzvg" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 13%; text-align: right" title="Options Outstanding, Weighted-Average Exercise Price"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">4.50</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 2%"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
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    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 2%"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">$</span></td>
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    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  </table>
<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ScheduleOfStockholdersEquityNoteWarrantsOrRightsTextBlock', window );">SCHEDULE OF WARRANT TRANSACTIONS</a></td>
<td class="text"><p id="xdx_898_eus-gaap--ScheduleOfStockholdersEquityNoteWarrantsOrRightsTextBlock_zGlGGmhjOsnd" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Warrant
transactions during 2024 and 2023 were as follows:</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><span id="xdx_8B0_zeGUnGD4sIDd" style="display: none">SCHEDULE OF WARRANT TRANSACTIONS</span></span></p>

<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 90%">
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
    <td>&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td colspan="6" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: center">2024</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td colspan="6" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: center">2023</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
    <td>&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
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    <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: center">Weighted- <br/> Average <br/> Exercise <br/> Price</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: center">Shares</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
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  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
    <td>&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
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    <td colspan="2">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td colspan="2">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td colspan="2">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
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    <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td id="xdx_988_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardNonOptionEquityInstrumentsOutstandingNumber_iS_c20240101__20241231_zfUlOWC7VXpf" style="width: 10%; text-align: right" title="Shares, Outstanding at Beginning of Year">631,737</td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="width: 2%">&#160;</td>
    <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left">$</td><td id="xdx_982_ecustom--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardNonOptionsOutstandingWeightedAverageExercisePrice_iS_c20240101__20241231_zQ4KnOhZk0rb" style="width: 10%; text-align: right" title="Weighted-Average Exercise Price, Outstanding at Beginning of Year">75.34</td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="width: 2%">&#160;</td>
    <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td id="xdx_98E_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardNonOptionEquityInstrumentsOutstandingNumber_iS_c20230101__20231231_zh8suGgKmVfk" style="width: 10%; text-align: right" title="Shares, Outstanding at Beginning of Year">779,208</td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="width: 2%">&#160;</td>
    <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left">$</td><td id="xdx_986_ecustom--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardNonOptionsOutstandingWeightedAverageExercisePrice_iS_c20230101__20231231_zErp4qvmU76e" style="width: 10%; text-align: right" title="Weighted-Average Exercise Price, Outstanding at Beginning of Year">21.28</td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td>Granted</td><td>&#160;</td>
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  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td>Exercised</td><td>&#160;</td>
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  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1pt">Forfeited or Cancelled</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
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    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td id="xdx_980_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardNonOptionEquityInstrumentsForfeitures_iN_di_c20230101__20231231_zrt688OnM3h7" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right" title="Shares, Forfeited or Canceled">(30,639</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">)</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
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  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 2.5pt">Outstanding at End of Year</td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td id="xdx_98E_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardNonOptionEquityInstrumentsOutstandingNumber_iE_c20240101__20241231_zjwXUHhTKPLf" style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right" title="Shares, Outstanding at End of Year">1,882,076</td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td id="xdx_984_ecustom--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardNonOptionsOutstandingWeightedAverageExercisePrice_iE_c20240101__20241231_zdfg0k3khDR1" style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: right" title="Weighted-Average Exercise Price, Outstanding at End of Year">2.84</td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td id="xdx_984_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardNonOptionEquityInstrumentsOutstandingNumber_iE_c20230101__20231231_z84zNm87bMj2" style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right" title="Shares, Outstanding at End of Year">631,737</td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td id="xdx_982_ecustom--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardNonOptionsOutstandingWeightedAverageExercisePrice_iE_c20230101__20231231_zUsEwqmpdAzk" style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: right" title="Weighted-Average Exercise Price, Outstanding at End of Year">75.34</td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 2.5pt">Warrant Exercisable at Year-End</td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td id="xdx_984_ecustom--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardNonOptionEquityInstrumentsExercisableNumber_iE_c20240101__20241231_zKbr7uGbK7ob" style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right" title="Shares, Options Exercisable at End of Year">585,200</td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td id="xdx_98C_ecustom--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardNonOptionsExercisableWeightedAverageExercisePrice_iE_c20240101__20241231_zyur0I7xpNF3" style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: right" title="Weighted-Average Exercise Price, Options Exercisable at End of Year">2.84</td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td id="xdx_988_ecustom--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardNonOptionEquityInstrumentsExercisableNumber_iE_c20230101__20231231_zfRjZx3kH225" style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right" title="Shares, Options Exercisable at End of Year">631,737</td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td id="xdx_980_ecustom--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardNonOptionsExercisableWeightedAverageExercisePrice_iE_c20230101__20231231_zkd2LCAPU7i5" style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: right" title="Weighted-Average Exercise Price, Options Exercisable at End of Year">75.34</td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 2.5pt">Weighted-Average Fair Value of Warrants Granted During the Year</td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left">$</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right"><span id="xdx_90E_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsGrantsInPeriodWeightedAverageGrantDateFairValue_c20240101__20241231_zExMkY5Hc6jd" title="Weighted-Average Fair Value of Options Granted During the Period">0.25</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left">$</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right"><span id="xdx_90C_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsGrantsInPeriodWeightedAverageGrantDateFairValue_c20230101__20231231_zC0ZVMxkqrV1" title="Weighted-Average Fair Value of Options Granted During the Period">0.24</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  </table>

<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_IVDA_ScheduleOfStockholdersEquityNoteWarrantsTableTextBlock', window );">SUMMARY OF WARRANTS OUTSTANDING AND EXERCISABLE</a></td>
<td class="text"><p id="xdx_895_ecustom--ScheduleOfStockholdersEquityNoteWarrantsTableTextBlock_zKUSb3JVLPm5" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Information
with respect to warrants outstanding and exercisable at December 31, 2024 is as follows:</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><span id="xdx_8B5_zARhjQfxqn0c" style="display: none">SUMMARY
OF WARRANTS OUTSTANDING AND EXERCISABLE</span></span></p>

<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%">
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
    <td colspan="2" style="text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="10" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Warrants
    Outstanding</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="6" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Warrants
    Exercisable</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
    <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Range
    of <br/> Exercise <br/> Prices</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Number
    <br/> Outstanding <br/> at <br/> December 31,<br/> 2024</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Weighted-
    <br/> Average Remaining Contractual <br/> Life</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Weighted-
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    <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Number
    <br/> Exercisable <br/> at <br/> December 31,<br/> 2024</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Weighted-
    <br/> Average <br/> Exercise <br/> Price</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">$</span></td><td style="width: 13%; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><span id="xdx_90C_eus-gaap--ClassOfWarrantOrRightExercisePriceOfWarrantsOrRights1_iI_c20241231__srt--RangeAxis__srt--MinimumMember_zFSXIIsvd9Wj" title="Range of Exercise Prices">3.44</span>
                                            -$<span id="xdx_90D_eus-gaap--ClassOfWarrantOrRightExercisePriceOfWarrantsOrRights1_iI_c20241231__srt--RangeAxis__srt--MaximumMember_zs3LkhY1uFSj" title="Range of Exercise Prices">85.12</span></span></td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="width: 2%"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td id="xdx_98C_eus-gaap--ClassOfWarrantOrRightOutstanding_iI_c20241231__us-gaap--AwardTypeAxis__us-gaap--WarrantMember_zobKJToZITDa" style="width: 13%; text-align: right" title="Warrants Outstanding"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">1,882,076</span></td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="width: 2%"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="width: 13%; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span id="xdx_906_ecustom--WarrantsOutstandingWeightedAverageRemainingContractualTerm_iI_dtY_c20240101__20241231__us-gaap--AwardTypeAxis__us-gaap--WarrantMember_z7NVj4j8H8Of" title="Warrants Outstanding, Weighted-Average Remaining Contractual Life">2.3</span></span></td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="width: 2%"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">$</span></td><td id="xdx_98F_ecustom--WarrantsOutstandingWeightedAverageExercisePriceValue_iI_c20241231__us-gaap--AwardTypeAxis__us-gaap--WarrantMember_zQJCus4JNgj1" style="width: 13%; text-align: right" title="Weighted-Average Exercise Price"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">3.47</span></td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="width: 2%"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td id="xdx_98F_ecustom--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardNonOptionEquityInstrumentsExercisableNumber_iI_c20241231__us-gaap--AwardTypeAxis__us-gaap--WarrantMember_z3K4yxvWzU0l" style="width: 13%; text-align: right" title="Warrants Exercisable"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">585,200</span></td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="width: 2%"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">$</span></td><td id="xdx_98D_ecustom--WarrantsExercisableWeightedAverageExercisePriceValue_iI_c20241231__us-gaap--AwardTypeAxis__us-gaap--WarrantMember_zDFsfmgoFkXc" style="width: 13%; text-align: right" title="Warrants Exercisable, Weighted-Average Exercise Price"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">22.59</span></td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td></tr>
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<span></span>
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<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Schedule of Stockholders Equity Note Warrants [Table Text Block]</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Tabular disclosure of share-based payment arrangement.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Topic 718<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480429/718-10-50-1<br><br>Reference 2: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 718<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480429/718-10-50-2<br></p></div>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Tabular disclosure of option exercise prices, by grouped ranges, including the upper and lower limits of the price range, the number of shares under option, weighted average exercise price and remaining contractual option terms.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 718<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480429/718-10-50-2<br></p></div>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Tabular disclosure of warrants or rights issued. Warrants and rights outstanding are derivative securities that give the holder the right to purchase securities (usually equity) from the issuer at a specific price within a certain time frame. Warrants are often included in a new debt issue to entice investors by a higher return potential. The main difference between warrants and call options is that warrants are issued and guaranteed by the company, whereas options are exchange instruments and are not issued by the company. Also, the lifetime of a warrant is often measured in years, while the lifetime of a typical option is measured in months. Disclose the title of issue of securities called for by warrants and rights outstanding, the aggregate amount of securities called for by warrants and rights outstanding, the date from which the warrants or rights are exercisable, and the price at which the warrant or right is exercisable.</p></div>
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<span style="display: none;">v3.25.2</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="id2">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="2"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>INCOME TAXES (Tables)<br></strong></div></th>
<th class="th" colspan="1">12 Months Ended</th>
</tr>
<tr><th class="th"><div>Dec. 31, 2024</div></th></tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_IncomeTaxDisclosureAbstract', window );"><strong>Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ScheduleOfEffectiveIncomeTaxRateReconciliationTableTextBlock', window );">SCHEDULE OF EFFECTIVE TAX RATE</a></td>
<td class="text"><p id="xdx_89A_eus-gaap--ScheduleOfEffectiveIncomeTaxRateReconciliationTableTextBlock_zyNEi8BYX8z7" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
Company&#8217;s effective income tax rate differs from the amount computed by applying the federal statutory income tax rate to loss
before income taxes as follows:</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;<span id="xdx_8BF_z7rLHVyey1S8" style="display: none">SCHEDULE
OF EFFECTIVE TAX RATE</span></span></p>

<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%">
<tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: center">&#160;</td>
    <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: center">December 31, 2024</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: center">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: center">&#160;</td>
    <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: center">December 31, 2023</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: center">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="width: 64%; text-align: left">Income tax benefit at federal statutory rate</td><td style="width: 2%">&#160;</td>
    <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td id="xdx_988_eus-gaap--EffectiveIncomeTaxRateReconciliationAtFederalStatutoryIncomeTaxRate_iN_pid_dpi_uPure_maABC_c20240101__20241231_zbKOVZNFBrG3" style="width: 14%; text-align: right" title="Income tax benefit at federal statutory rate">(21.0</td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left">)%</td><td style="width: 2%">&#160;</td>
    <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td id="xdx_981_eus-gaap--EffectiveIncomeTaxRateReconciliationAtFederalStatutoryIncomeTaxRate_iN_pid_dpi_uPure_maABC_c20230101__20231231_z61pIU4YDaFj" style="width: 14%; text-align: right" title="Income tax benefit at federal statutory rate">(21,0</td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left">)%</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="text-align: left">State income tax benefit, net of federal benefit</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td id="xdx_983_eus-gaap--EffectiveIncomeTaxRateReconciliationStateAndLocalIncomeTaxes_pid_dp_uPure_maABC_c20240101__20241231_zlIrPV2sAYC3" style="text-align: right" title="State income tax benefit, net of federal benefit">(5.0</td><td style="text-align: left">)%</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td id="xdx_985_eus-gaap--EffectiveIncomeTaxRateReconciliationStateAndLocalIncomeTaxes_pid_dp_uPure_maABC_c20230101__20231231_z6zbekzv1lHi" style="text-align: right" title="State income tax benefit, net of federal benefit">(5.0</td><td style="text-align: left">)%</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="text-align: left">Change in valuation allowance</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td id="xdx_982_eus-gaap--EffectiveIncomeTaxRateReconciliationChangeInDeferredTaxAssetsValuationAllowance_pid_dp_uPure_maABC_c20240101__20241231_zr21bp7zMWGb" style="text-align: right" title="Change in valuation allowance">26</td><td style="text-align: left">%</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td id="xdx_980_eus-gaap--EffectiveIncomeTaxRateReconciliationChangeInDeferredTaxAssetsValuationAllowance_pid_dp_uPure_maABC_c20230101__20231231_zqEvqyfegpti" style="text-align: right" title="Change in valuation allowance">26.0</td><td style="text-align: left">%</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="text-align: left">Income taxes at effective rate</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td id="xdx_983_eus-gaap--EffectiveIncomeTaxRateContinuingOperations_pid_dp_uPure_mtABC_c20240101__20241231_z7KRIcFhLdS4" style="text-align: right" title="Income taxes at effective rate"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1002">-</span></td><td style="text-align: left">%</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td id="xdx_983_eus-gaap--EffectiveIncomeTaxRateContinuingOperations_pid_dp_uPure_mtABC_c20230101__20231231_zmdzkVwR5M18" style="text-align: right" title="Income taxes at effective rate"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1004">-</span></td><td style="text-align: left">%</td></tr>
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<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ScheduleOfDeferredTaxAssetsAndLiabilitiesTableTextBlock', window );">SCHEDULE OF DEFERRED TAX ASSETS AND LIABILITIES</a></td>
<td class="text"><p id="xdx_893_eus-gaap--ScheduleOfDeferredTaxAssetsAndLiabilitiesTableTextBlock_znvs0DOOlUG8" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Temporary
differences between financial statement carrying amounts and the tax basis of assets and liabilities and tax credit and operating loss
carryforward that create deferred tax assets and liabilities are as follows:</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><span id="xdx_8BB_zCmuttW59pZd" style="display: none">SCHEDULE
OF DEFERRED TAX ASSETS AND LIABILITIES</span></span></p>

<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 80%">
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="text-align: center">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td colspan="2" id="xdx_496_20241231_ztvBIXsojfHj" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: center">2024</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td colspan="2" id="xdx_499_20231231_zMrp5sgmfQfl" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: center">2023</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_401_eus-gaap--DeferredTaxAssetsOperatingLossCarryforwardsDomestic_iI_maDTALNzqL8_zNGK2nR2zaJ2" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="width: 40%; text-align: left">Tax Operating Loss Carryforward</td><td style="width: 2%">&#160;</td>
    <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left">$</td><td style="width: 16%; text-align: right">9,900,000</td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="width: 2%">&#160;</td>
    <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left">$</td><td style="width: 16%; text-align: right">7,800,000</td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_405_ecustom--UnamortizedResearchAndDevelopmentCosts_iI_maDTALNzqL8_zF547Q75xFQ9" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="text-align: left">Unamortized Research and Development Costs</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right"><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">207,000</p></td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right"><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">175,000</p></td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_403_eus-gaap--DeferredTaxAssetsValuationAllowance_iNI_di_msDTALNzqL8_z1EcYVdAKqie" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1pt">Valuation Allowance</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right">(10,107,000</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">)</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right">(7,975,000</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">)</td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_402_eus-gaap--DeferredTaxAssetsLiabilitiesNet_iTI_mtDTALNzqL8_z9bZsgm0LL69" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 2.5pt">Deferred Tax Assets, Net</td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left">$</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1017">-</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left">$</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1018">-</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>No definition available.</p></div>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Tabular disclosure of the components of net deferred tax asset or liability recognized in an entity's statement of financial position, including the following: the total of all deferred tax liabilities, the total of all deferred tax assets, the total valuation allowance recognized for deferred tax assets.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Topic 740<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482685/740-10-50-2<br></p></div>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Tabular disclosure of the reconciliation using percentage or dollar amounts of the reported amount of income tax expense attributable to continuing operations for the year to the amount of income tax expense that would result from applying domestic federal statutory tax rates to pretax income from continuing operations.</p></div>
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<span style="display: none;">v3.25.2</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="id2">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="2"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>EARNINGS (LOSS) PER SHARE (Tables)<br></strong></div></th>
<th class="th" colspan="1">12 Months Ended</th>
</tr>
<tr><th class="th"><div>Dec. 31, 2024</div></th></tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_EarningsPerShareAbstract', window );"><strong>Earnings Per Share [Abstract]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ScheduleOfEarningsPerShareBasicAndDilutedTableTextBlock', window );">SCHEDULE OF EARNINGS PER SHARE BASIC AND DILUTED</a></td>
<td class="text"><p id="xdx_890_eus-gaap--ScheduleOfEarningsPerShareBasicAndDilutedTableTextBlock_zlPBcSqfDPUd" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><span id="xdx_8B3_zRN9XztZdsha" style="display: none">SCHEDULE OF EARNINGS PER SHARE BASIC AND DILUTED</span></span></p>

<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 80%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="2" id="xdx_494_20240101__20241231_zfRG8OObYeT7" style="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">December
    31, <br/>
    2024</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="2" id="xdx_49E_20230101__20231231_z8AQ6ha6TYGc" style="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">December
    31, <br/>
    2023</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="2" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="2" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_40C_eus-gaap--EarningsPerShareBasicAbstract_iB_zyxzwISCZnRk" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: #CCEEFF">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>Basic
    EPS</b></span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_403_eus-gaap--ProfitLoss_zBNw75KQbIw6" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: white">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 40%"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Net
    Loss</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 2%"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">$</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 16%; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(3,980,820</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">)</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 2%"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">$</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 16%; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(4,142,666</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">)</span></td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_40A_ecustom--WeightedAverageSharesOutstandingBasic_zO0bWbLcfYgi" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: #CCEEFF">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Weighted
    Average Shares</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">2,203,893</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">1,996,678</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_406_eus-gaap--EarningsPerShareBasic_pid_zCKYju0VzkH7" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: white">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Basic
    Loss Per Share</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: black 2.25pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">$</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: black 2.25pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(1.81</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">)</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: black 2.25pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">$</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: black 2.25pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(2.07</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">)</span></td></tr>
  </table>
<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ScheduleOfAntidilutiveSecuritiesExcludedFromComputationOfEarningsPerShareTextBlock', window );">SCHEDULE OF BASIC AND DILUTED LOSS PER SHARES SECURITIES</a></td>
<td class="text"><p id="xdx_897_eus-gaap--ScheduleOfAntidilutiveSecuritiesExcludedFromComputationOfEarningsPerShareTextBlock_zyXgBCT4gShd" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">For
the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, the calculations of basic and diluted loss per share are the same because potential dilutive
securities would have had an anti-dilutive effect. The potentially dilutive securities consisted of the following:</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span id="xdx_8B2_zHrq9zObvwWg" style="display: none">SCHEDULE OF BASIC AND DILUTED LOSS PER SHARES SECURITIES</span></p>

<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 12pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
    <td><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>
    <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"></p>
    <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"></p></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="2" id="xdx_497_20240101__20241231_zUkFLqtM7Hv3" style="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>December
    31, 2024</b></span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="2" id="xdx_496_20230101__20231231_zlGDgS85fjjh" style="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>December
    31, 2023</b></span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_400_eus-gaap--AntidilutiveSecuritiesExcludedFromComputationOfEarningsPerShareAmount_hus-gaap--AntidilutiveSecuritiesExcludedFromComputationOfEarningsPerShareByAntidilutiveSecuritiesAxis__us-gaap--WarrantMember_zi2bGHCVXsg" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: #CCEEFF">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 62%"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Warrants</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 16%; text-align: right">1,882,076</td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 16%; text-align: right">631,737</td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_407_eus-gaap--AntidilutiveSecuritiesExcludedFromComputationOfEarningsPerShareAmount_hus-gaap--AntidilutiveSecuritiesExcludedFromComputationOfEarningsPerShareByAntidilutiveSecuritiesAxis__us-gaap--EmployeeStockOptionMember_zLEWNFaUzAW7" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: white">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Options</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right">217,016</td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right">162,625</td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_403_eus-gaap--AntidilutiveSecuritiesExcludedFromComputationOfEarningsPerShareAmount_zctC0W22WFf7" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: #CCEEFF">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Total</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: black 2.25pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: black 2.25pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right">2,099,092</td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: black 2.25pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: black 2.25pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right">794,362</td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  </table>
<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_EarningsPerShareAbstract</td>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Tabular disclosure of securities (including those issuable pursuant to contingent stock agreements) that could potentially dilute basic earnings per share (EPS) in the future that were not included in the computation of diluted EPS because to do so would increase EPS amounts or decrease loss per share amounts for the period presented, by antidilutive securities.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 260<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (c)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482662/260-10-50-1<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ScheduleOfAntidilutiveSecuritiesExcludedFromComputationOfEarningsPerShareTextBlock</td>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Tabular disclosure of an entity's basic and diluted earnings per share calculations, including a reconciliation of numerators and denominators of the basic and diluted per-share computations for income from continuing operations.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Topic 260<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482662/260-10-50-1<br></p></div>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ScheduleOfEarningsPerShareBasicAndDilutedTableTextBlock</td>
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<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
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<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
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</table></div>
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<TYPE>XML
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<FILENAME>R31.htm
<DESCRIPTION>IDEA: XBRL DOCUMENT
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<span style="display: none;">v3.25.2</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="id2">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="2"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>SEGMENT INFORMATION (Tables)<br></strong></div></th>
<th class="th" colspan="1">12 Months Ended</th>
</tr>
<tr><th class="th"><div>Dec. 31, 2024</div></th></tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_SegmentReportingAbstract', window );"><strong>Segment Reporting [Abstract]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
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</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ScheduleOfSegmentReportingInformationBySegmentTextBlock', window );">SCHEDULE OF SEGMENT INFORMATION</a></td>
<td class="text"><p id="xdx_894_eus-gaap--ScheduleOfSegmentReportingInformationBySegmentTextBlock_zXFUMtV8dcT1" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;<span id="xdx_8B6_zk8Y7YQYMcS1" style="display: none">SCHEDULE
OF SEGMENT INFORMATION</span> </span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"></span></p>

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  <tr id="xdx_40B_ecustom--InterestIncomeAndOtherExpensesNet_zqynIORrafSe" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
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    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">$</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right">(4,124,358</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">)</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">$</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right">(4,268,395</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">)</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">$</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right">144,037</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  </table>

<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_IVDA_LongLivedAssetsAndLiabilitiesByGeographicAreasTableTextBlock', window );">SCHEDULE OF NET ASSETS LIABILITIES BY GEOGRAPHIC REGIONS</a></td>
<td class="text"><p id="xdx_891_ecustom--LongLivedAssetsAndLiabilitiesByGeographicAreasTableTextBlock_zDIwL422BAPc" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
net assets (liabilities) for our significant geographic regions are as follows:</span></p>

<p style="font: 12pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;<span id="xdx_8B2_zpBwG12MBrK6" style="display: none">SCHEDULE
OF NET ASSETS LIABILITIES BY GEOGRAPHIC REGIONS</span></span></p>

<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 90%">
  <tr style="display: none; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td id="xdx_493_20241231_zOw9pRwNlldl" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td id="xdx_49C_20231231_zkqpjglcyV86" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
<tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
    <td>&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td colspan="6" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: center">Net Assets (Liabilities)</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
    <td>&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: center">For the Year Ended</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: center">For the Year Ended</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
    <td>&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
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    <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: center">December 31, 2023</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td></tr>
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    <td style="width: 64%; text-align: left">United States</td><td style="width: 2%">&#160;</td>
    <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left">$</td><td style="width: 14%; text-align: right">1,775,554</td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="width: 2%">&#160;</td>
    <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left">$</td><td style="width: 14%; text-align: right">3,741,367</td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_401_eus-gaap--NoncurrentAssets_iI_hsrt--StatementGeographicalAxis__custom--RepublicOfChinaTaiwanMember_z0Vp9lctyM88" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1pt">Republic of China (Taiwan)</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">$</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right">729,885</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">$</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right">907,113</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_408_eus-gaap--NoncurrentAssets_iI_zwuPYSiBjghc" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1pt">Total Consolidated</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">$</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right">2,505,439</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
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  </table>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"></p>

<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
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<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Long Lived Assets And Liabilities By Geographic Areas [Table Text Block]</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Tabular disclosure of the profit or loss and total assets for each reportable segment. An entity discloses certain information on each reportable segment if the amounts (a) are included in the measure of segment profit or loss reviewed by the chief operating decision maker or (b) are otherwise regularly provided to the chief operating decision maker, even if not included in that measure of segment profit or loss.</p></div>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
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<span style="display: none;">v3.25.2</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="id2">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="2"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>RESTATEMENT OF PREVIOUSLY ISSUED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Tables)<br></strong></div></th>
<th class="th" colspan="1">12 Months Ended</th>
</tr>
<tr><th class="th"><div>Dec. 31, 2024</div></th></tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_AccountingChangesAndErrorCorrectionsAbstract', window );"><strong>Accounting Changes and Error Corrections [Abstract]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ScheduleOfErrorCorrectionsAndPriorPeriodAdjustmentsTextBlock', window );">SCHEDULE OF RESTATEMENTS</a></td>
<td class="text"><p id="xdx_898_eus-gaap--ScheduleOfErrorCorrectionsAndPriorPeriodAdjustmentsTextBlock_zLRLO2aD8Qri" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
following table presents the effect of the restatements of the Company&#8217;s previously issued balance sheet:</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;<span id="xdx_8B6_z0t6j0dDFz84" style="display: none">SCHEDULE
OF RESTATEMENTS</span></span></p>

<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" id="xdx_89D_eus-gaap--StatementOfFinancialPositionAbstract_z4brzBC1AjIe" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%" summary="xdx: Disclosure - SCHEDULE OF RESTATEMENTS OF BALANCE SHEETS (Details)">
  <tr style="display: none; vertical-align: bottom">
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  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
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  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
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  <tr id="xdx_403_eus-gaap--OtherAssets_iI_z1gkYpPlpiTj" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
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  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"></td>
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    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
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<tr id="xdx_40A_eus-gaap--PropertyPlantAndEquipmentNet_iI_zGHSAZZFprD9" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
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    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">891,187</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">(792,612</td><td id="xdx_F27_zQwv6cmr7OM9" style="text-align: left">)[3]</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td id="xdx_98E_eus-gaap--PropertyPlantAndEquipmentNet_iI_c20231231_za5CpKDvpVV7" style="text-align: right" title="Property and Equipment, Net">98,575<span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><sup style="display: none"></sup></span></td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td>
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<tr id="xdx_40F_ecustom--JointVentureNoncontrolledEquityPortion_iI_zVqE23Ew5w29" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Joint Venture Non-Controlled Equity Portion</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
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    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">99,048</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(99,048</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span id="xdx_F2C_zWdtDZbxngvb" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">)</span>[4]</td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
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  <tr id="xdx_408_eus-gaap--CashAndCashEquivalentsAtCarryingValue_iI_zsy8018A7aV5" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
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    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">4,754,597</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(16,093</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span id="xdx_F2F_zUgv7gVi1U89" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">)</span>[4]</td>
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</table>

<p style="margin: 0">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"></p>

<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; width: 100%"><tr style="vertical-align: top; text-align: justify">
<td id="xdx_F02_zbdDn9kYk0Fk" style="width: 15pt; text-align: left">[1]</td><td style="width: 5pt"></td><td id="xdx_F15_zXn33UJWnQm" style="text-align: justify">Deferred Tax Asset eliminated from Other Assets</td>
</tr><tr style="vertical-align: top; text-align: justify">
<td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td><td style="text-align: justify">&#160;</td></tr>
     <tr style="vertical-align: top; text-align: justify">
<td id="xdx_F0B_zswSIbsVwH3a" style="text-align: left">[2]</td><td>&#160;</td><td id="xdx_F13_zcUf7oCiP7sf" style="text-align: justify">The intercompany amount due to Iveda Taiwan was understated by $<span id="xdx_906_eus-gaap--OtherReceivablesNetCurrent_iI_c20241231__us-gaap--RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis__custom--IvedaTaiwanMember_zUrQufgG7xS3" title="Intercompany amount due">200,000</span> related to a payment made on behalf of Iveda US by Iveda Taiwan added back to Accounts and Other Payables</td></tr>

<tr style="vertical-align: top; text-align: justify">
<td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td><td style="text-align: justify">&#160;</td></tr>
<tr style="vertical-align: top; text-align: justify">
<td id="xdx_F00_zMH0CWh035Kd" style="text-align: left">[3]</td><td></td><td id="xdx_F18_ztXTNDH0WDw4" style="text-align: justify">2023 capitalized software expensed to Research and Development</td>
</tr><tr style="vertical-align: top; text-align: justify">
<td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td><td style="text-align: justify">&#160;</td></tr>
     <tr style="vertical-align: top; text-align: justify">
<td id="xdx_F0F_zu4yXsDfnBcg" style="text-align: left">[4]</td><td>&#160;</td><td style="text-align: justify"><p id="xdx_F1B_zlu883Ne9Xrb" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify">An adjustment for $<span id="xdx_908_eus-gaap--GainLossOnInvestments_iN_di_c20230101__20231231_zS2NXf66chn8">180,000</span> to expense its investment
in Iveda Phils JV originally recorded as a consolidation but we have determined this investment should have been recorded using the equity
method. On the balance sheet this effected Cash and Cash equivalents, Accounts and Other Payables, Joint Venture Non-Controlled Equity Portion, Accumulated
Other Comprehensive Income (Loss). </p>
</td></tr>
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<td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td><td style="text-align: justify">&#160;</td></tr>
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<td id="xdx_F0E_zrNBoZiGVebf" style="text-align: left">[5]</td><td>&#160;</td><td id="xdx_F14_zqYX1isJW6H4" style="text-align: justify">Each of the above restatements effected Accumulated Deficit</td></tr>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Tabular disclosure of prior period adjustments to previously issued financial statements including (1) the effect of the correction on each financial statement line item and any per-share amounts affected for each prior period presented (2) the cumulative effect of the change on retained earnings or other appropriate components of equity or net assets in the statement of financial position, as of the beginning of the earliest period presented, and (3) the effect of the prior period adjustments (both gross and net of applicable income tax) on the net income of each prior period presented in the entity's annual report for the year in which the adjustments are made.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 250<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 8<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147483443/250-10-50-8<br><br>Reference 2: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 250<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 7<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147483443/250-10-50-7<br><br>Reference 3: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 250<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 9<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147483443/250-10-50-9<br></p></div>
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<span style="display: none;">v3.25.2</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="id2">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="2"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Schedule of Disaggregation of Revenue (Details) - USD ($)<br></strong></div></th>
<th class="th" colspan="2">12 Months Ended</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="th"><div>Dec. 31, 2024</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Dec. 31, 2023</div></th>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DisaggregationOfRevenueLineItems', window );"><strong>Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_RevenueFromContractWithCustomerExcludingAssessedTax', window );">&#160;Total Net Sales Source</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 6,020,639<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 6,495,865<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_IVDA_ChangeInRevenuePercentage', window );">Change in sales, percentage</a></td>
<td class="num">(7.00%)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ContractWithCustomerSalesChannelAxis=IVDA_CommercialEnterprisesMember', window );">Commercial Enterprises [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DisaggregationOfRevenueLineItems', window );"><strong>Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_RevenueFromContractWithCustomerExcludingAssessedTax', window );">&#160;Total Net Sales Source</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 4,675,122<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">6,104,478<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_IVDA_ChangeInRevenuePercentage', window );">Change in sales, percentage</a></td>
<td class="num">(23.00%)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ContractWithCustomerSalesChannelAxis=IVDA_DistributorsMember', window );">Distributors [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DisaggregationOfRevenueLineItems', window );"><strong>Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_RevenueFromContractWithCustomerExcludingAssessedTax', window );">&#160;Total Net Sales Source</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 762,660<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">88,047<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_IVDA_ChangeInRevenuePercentage', window );">Change in sales, percentage</a></td>
<td class="nump">766.00%<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ContractWithCustomerSalesChannelAxis=IVDA_MunicipalitiesMember', window );">Municipalities [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DisaggregationOfRevenueLineItems', window );"><strong>Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_RevenueFromContractWithCustomerExcludingAssessedTax', window );">&#160;Total Net Sales Source</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 170,467<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">156,701<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_IVDA_ChangeInRevenuePercentage', window );">Change in sales, percentage</a></td>
<td class="nump">9.00%<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ContractWithCustomerSalesChannelAxis=IVDA_TaiwanGovernmentMember', window );">Taiwan Government [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
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<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DisaggregationOfRevenueLineItems', window );"><strong>Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_RevenueFromContractWithCustomerExcludingAssessedTax', window );">&#160;Total Net Sales Source</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 319,767<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_IVDA_ChangeInRevenuePercentage', window );">Change in sales, percentage</a></td>
<td class="nump">100.00%<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ContractWithCustomerSalesChannelAxis=IVDA_OtherMember', window );">Other [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
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<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DisaggregationOfRevenueLineItems', window );"><strong>Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_RevenueFromContractWithCustomerExcludingAssessedTax', window );">&#160;Total Net Sales Source</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 92,625<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 148,311<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_IVDA_ChangeInRevenuePercentage', window );">Change in sales, percentage</a></td>
<td class="num">(38.00%)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Change in revenue percentage.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Line items represent financial concepts included in a table. These concepts are used to disclose reportable information associated with domain members defined in one or many axes to the table.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 606<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 5<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147479806/606-10-50-5<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/exampleRef<br> -Topic 606<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 55<br> -Paragraph 91<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147479777/606-10-55-91<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/exampleRef<br> -Topic 606<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 55<br> -Paragraph 91<br> -Subparagraph (b)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147479777/606-10-55-91<br><br>Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/exampleRef<br> -Topic 606<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 55<br> -Paragraph 91<br> -Subparagraph (c)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147479777/606-10-55-91<br><br>Reference 5: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/exampleRef<br> -Topic 606<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 55<br> -Paragraph 91<br> -Subparagraph (d)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147479777/606-10-55-91<br><br>Reference 6: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/exampleRef<br> -Topic 606<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 55<br> -Paragraph 91<br> -Subparagraph (e)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147479777/606-10-55-91<br><br>Reference 7: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/exampleRef<br> -Topic 606<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 55<br> -Paragraph 91<br> -Subparagraph (f)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147479777/606-10-55-91<br><br>Reference 8: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/exampleRef<br> -Topic 606<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 55<br> -Paragraph 91<br> -Subparagraph (g)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147479777/606-10-55-91<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
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<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount, excluding tax collected from customer, of revenue from satisfaction of performance obligation by transferring promised good or service to customer. Tax collected from customer is tax assessed by governmental authority that is both imposed on and concurrent with specific revenue-producing transaction, including, but not limited to, sales, use, value added and excise.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 280<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 41<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482810/280-10-50-41<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 270<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (i)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482964/270-10-50-1<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 280<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 32<br> -Subparagraph (ee)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482810/280-10-50-32<br><br>Reference 4: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/otherTransitionRef<br> -Topic 280<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 32<br> -Subparagraph (b)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482810/280-10-50-32<br><br>Reference 5: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/otherTransitionRef<br> -Topic 280<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 32<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482810/280-10-50-32<br><br>Reference 6: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 924<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SAB Topic 11.L)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147479941/924-10-S99-1<br><br>Reference 7: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 606<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 5<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147479806/606-10-50-5<br><br>Reference 8: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 280<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 30<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482810/280-10-50-30<br><br>Reference 9: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 280<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 42<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482810/280-10-50-42<br><br>Reference 10: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 280<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 22<br> -Subparagraph (b)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482810/280-10-50-22<br><br>Reference 11: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 280<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 40<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482810/280-10-50-40<br><br>Reference 12: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 280<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 22<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482810/280-10-50-22<br><br>Reference 13: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 606<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 4<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147479806/606-10-50-4<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_RevenueFromContractWithCustomerExcludingAssessedTax</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_ContractWithCustomerSalesChannelAxis=IVDA_CommercialEnterprisesMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ContractWithCustomerSalesChannelAxis=IVDA_CommercialEnterprisesMember</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_ContractWithCustomerSalesChannelAxis=IVDA_DistributorsMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ContractWithCustomerSalesChannelAxis=IVDA_DistributorsMember</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_ContractWithCustomerSalesChannelAxis=IVDA_MunicipalitiesMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ContractWithCustomerSalesChannelAxis=IVDA_MunicipalitiesMember</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_ContractWithCustomerSalesChannelAxis=IVDA_TaiwanGovernmentMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ContractWithCustomerSalesChannelAxis=IVDA_TaiwanGovernmentMember</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_ContractWithCustomerSalesChannelAxis=IVDA_OtherMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ContractWithCustomerSalesChannelAxis=IVDA_OtherMember</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
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</body>
</html>
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<span style="display: none;">v3.25.2</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="id2">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="2"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (Details Narrative)<br></strong></div></th>
<th class="th" colspan="2">12 Months Ended</th>
<th class="th" colspan="1"></th>
<th class="th" colspan="1"></th>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="th">
<div>Dec. 31, 2024 </div>
<div>USD ($)</div>
</th>
<th class="th">
<div>Dec. 31, 2023 </div>
<div>USD ($)</div>
</th>
<th class="th">
<div>Dec. 31, 2024 </div>
<div>TWD ($)</div>
</th>
<th class="th">
<div>Dec. 31, 2023 </div>
<div>TWD ($)</div>
</th>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ProductInformationLineItems', window );"><strong>Product Information [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_Cash', window );">Cash on hand</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 2,658,300<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_CashFDICInsuredAmount', window );">Cash, FDIC Insured Amount</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 3,000,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_CashAndCashEquivalentsAtCarryingValue', window );">Cash and cash equivalents at carrying value</a></td>
<td class="nump">2,629,287<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 4,738,504<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 1,025,675<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 1,959,399<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_InventoryValuationReserves', window );">Inventory Valuation Reserves</a></td>
<td class="nump">0<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">0<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_Depreciation', window );">Depreciation expense</a></td>
<td class="nump">31,805<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">19,753<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_Investments', window );">Investments</a></td>
<td class="nump">0<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">0<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_IVDA_EquityMethodInvestmentImpairmentCharge', window );">Equity method investment impairment charge</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">180,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensation', window );">Stock option compensation</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 122,600<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">104,600<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_srt_ScheduleOfEquityMethodInvestmentEquityMethodInvesteeNameAxis=IVDA_IvedaPhilsJointVentureMember', window );">Iveda Phils Joint Venture [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ProductInformationLineItems', window );"><strong>Product Information [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_Investments', window );">Investments</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 180,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_EquityMethodInvestmentOwnershipPercentage', window );">Equity method investment ownership percentage</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">40.00%<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">40.00%<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_srt_RangeAxis=srt_MinimumMember', window );">Minimum [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ProductInformationLineItems', window );"><strong>Product Information [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentUsefulLife', window );">Property and equipment useful life</a></td>
<td class="text">3 years<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">3 years<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_srt_RangeAxis=srt_MaximumMember', window );">Maximum [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ProductInformationLineItems', window );"><strong>Product Information [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentUsefulLife', window );">Property and equipment useful life</a></td>
<td class="text">7 years<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">7 years<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ConcentrationRiskByBenchmarkAxis=us-gaap_SalesRevenueNetMember', window );">Revenue Benchmark [Member] | Customer Concentration Risk [Member] | YOU MING HUEI CO. LTD [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ProductInformationLineItems', window );"><strong>Product Information [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_IVDA_ConcentrationRiskPercentage', window );">Percentage of concentration risk</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">25.00%<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ConcentrationRiskByBenchmarkAxis=us-gaap_SalesRevenueNetMember', window );">Revenue Benchmark [Member] | Customer Concentration Risk [Member] | Chicony Power Technology [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ProductInformationLineItems', window );"><strong>Product Information [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_IVDA_ConcentrationRiskPercentage', window );">Percentage of concentration risk</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">23.00%<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ConcentrationRiskByBenchmarkAxis=us-gaap_SalesRevenueNetMember', window );">Revenue Benchmark [Member] | Customer Concentration Risk [Member] | Five Customers [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ProductInformationLineItems', window );"><strong>Product Information [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_IVDA_ConcentrationRiskPercentage', window );">Percentage of concentration risk</a></td>
<td class="nump">67.00%<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ConcentrationRiskByBenchmarkAxis=us-gaap_SalesRevenueNetMember', window );">Revenue Benchmark [Member] | Customer Concentration Risk [Member] | Chunghwa Telecom [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ProductInformationLineItems', window );"><strong>Product Information [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_IVDA_ConcentrationRiskPercentage', window );">Percentage of concentration risk</a></td>
<td class="nump">18.00%<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ConcentrationRiskByBenchmarkAxis=us-gaap_SalesRevenueNetMember', window );">Revenue Benchmark [Member] | Customer Concentration Risk [Member] | Security Integration &amp; Consultant Technology CO., LTD [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ProductInformationLineItems', window );"><strong>Product Information [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_IVDA_ConcentrationRiskPercentage', window );">Percentage of concentration risk</a></td>
<td class="nump">16.00%<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ConcentrationRiskByBenchmarkAxis=us-gaap_SalesRevenueNetMember', window );">Revenue Benchmark [Member] | Customer Concentration Risk [Member] | Chicony Power Technology Co., Ltd [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ProductInformationLineItems', window );"><strong>Product Information [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_IVDA_ConcentrationRiskPercentage', window );">Percentage of concentration risk</a></td>
<td class="nump">11.00%<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ConcentrationRiskByBenchmarkAxis=us-gaap_SalesRevenueNetMember', window );">Revenue Benchmark [Member] | Customer Concentration Risk [Member] | HWACOM SYSTEMS INC [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ProductInformationLineItems', window );"><strong>Product Information [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_IVDA_ConcentrationRiskPercentage', window );">Percentage of concentration risk</a></td>
<td class="nump">10.00%<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ConcentrationRiskByBenchmarkAxis=us-gaap_SalesRevenueNetMember', window );">Revenue Benchmark [Member] | Customer Concentration Risk [Member] | Claro Enterprise Solutions [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ProductInformationLineItems', window );"><strong>Product Information [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_IVDA_ConcentrationRiskPercentage', window );">Percentage of concentration risk</a></td>
<td class="nump">12.00%<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ConcentrationRiskByBenchmarkAxis=us-gaap_SalesRevenueNetMember', window );">Revenue Benchmark [Member] | Customer Concentration Risk [Member] | Two Customers [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ProductInformationLineItems', window );"><strong>Product Information [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_IVDA_ConcentrationRiskPercentage', window );">Percentage of concentration risk</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">48.00%<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ConcentrationRiskByBenchmarkAxis=us-gaap_SalesRevenueNetMember', window );">Revenue Benchmark [Member] | Customer Concentration Risk [Member] | Other Customers [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ProductInformationLineItems', window );"><strong>Product Information [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_IVDA_ConcentrationRiskPercentage', window );">Percentage of concentration risk</a></td>
<td class="nump">10.00%<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">10.00%<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ConcentrationRiskByBenchmarkAxis=us-gaap_AccountsReceivableMember', window );">Accounts Receivable [Member] | Customer Concentration Risk [Member] | One Customers [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ProductInformationLineItems', window );"><strong>Product Information [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_IVDA_ConcentrationRiskPercentage', window );">Percentage of concentration risk</a></td>
<td class="nump">52.00%<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<div style="display: none;">
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_IVDA_ConcentrationRiskPercentage">
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<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Concentration risk, percentage.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">IVDA_ConcentrationRiskPercentage</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>IVDA_</td>
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<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dtr-types:percentItemType</td>
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<tr>
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<td>na</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_IVDA_EquityMethodInvestmentImpairmentCharge">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Equity method investment impairment charge.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">IVDA_EquityMethodInvestmentImpairmentCharge</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>IVDA_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_Cash">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of currency on hand as well as demand deposits with banks or financial institutions. Includes other kinds of accounts that have the general characteristics of demand deposits. Excludes cash and cash equivalents within disposal group and discontinued operation.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/exampleRef<br> -Topic 852<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 55<br> -Paragraph 10<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147481372/852-10-55-10<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/exampleRef<br> -Topic 946<br> -SubTopic 830<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 55<br> -Paragraph 12<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147479168/946-830-55-12<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 944<br> -SubTopic 210<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.7-03(a)(2))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147478777/944-210-S99-1<br><br>Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 946<br> -SubTopic 210<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.6-04(4))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147479170/946-210-S99-1<br><br>Reference 5: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 946<br> -SubTopic 210<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 21<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147477796/946-210-45-21<br><br>Reference 6: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(1))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480566/210-10-S99-1<br><br>Reference 7: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 20<br> -SubTopic 210<br> -Topic 946<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147477796/946-210-45-20<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_Cash</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_CashAndCashEquivalentsAtCarryingValue">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of currency on hand as well as demand deposits with banks or financial institutions. Includes other kinds of accounts that have the general characteristics of demand deposits. Also includes short-term, highly liquid investments that are both readily convertible to known amounts of cash and so near their maturity that they present insignificant risk of changes in value because of changes in interest rates. Excludes cash and cash equivalents within disposal group and discontinued operation.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(1))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480566/210-10-S99-1<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/exampleRef<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147483467/210-10-45-1<br><br>Reference 3: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 230<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 4<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482740/230-10-45-4<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_CashAndCashEquivalentsAtCarryingValue</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_CashFDICInsuredAmount">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The amount of cash deposited in financial institutions as of the balance sheet date that is insured by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_CashFDICInsuredAmount</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_Depreciation">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The amount of expense recognized in the current period that reflects the allocation of the cost of tangible assets over the assets' useful lives. Includes production and non-production related depreciation.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 28<br> -Subparagraph (b)<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Topic 230<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482740/230-10-45-28<br><br>Reference 2: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 360<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482099/360-10-50-1<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_Depreciation</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_EquityMethodInvestmentOwnershipPercentage">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The percentage of ownership of common stock or equity participation in the investee accounted for under the equity method of accounting.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 323<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 3<br> -Subparagraph (a)(1)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147481687/323-10-50-3<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_EquityMethodInvestmentOwnershipPercentage</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dtr-types:percentItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_InventoryValuationReserves">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of valuation reserve for inventory.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Topic 330<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (SAB Topic 5.BB)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480581/330-10-S99-2<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(6))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480566/210-10-S99-1<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_InventoryValuationReserves</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_Investments">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Sum of the carrying amounts as of the balance sheet date of all investments.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/exampleRef<br> -Topic 944<br> -SubTopic 80<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 55<br> -Paragraph 14<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480078/944-80-55-14<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/exampleRef<br> -Topic 944<br> -SubTopic 80<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 55<br> -Paragraph 9<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480078/944-80-55-9<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 944<br> -SubTopic 210<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.7-03(a)(1)(h))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147478777/944-210-S99-1<br><br>Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 944<br> -SubTopic 210<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.7-03(a)(1)(6))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147478777/944-210-S99-1<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_Investments</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_ProductInformationLineItems">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Line items represent financial concepts included in a table. These concepts are used to disclose reportable information associated with domain members defined in one or many axes to the table.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ProductInformationLineItems</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:stringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentUsefulLife">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Useful life of long lived, physical assets used in the normal conduct of business and not intended for resale, in 'PnYnMnDTnHnMnS' format, for example, 'P1Y5M13D' represents the reported fact of one year, five months, and thirteen days. Examples include, but not limited to, land, buildings, machinery and equipment, office equipment, furniture and fixtures, and computer equipment.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentUsefulLife</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:durationItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensation">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of noncash expense for share-based payment arrangement.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 28<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Topic 230<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482740/230-10-45-28<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensation</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_srt_ScheduleOfEquityMethodInvestmentEquityMethodInvesteeNameAxis=IVDA_IvedaPhilsJointVentureMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">srt_ScheduleOfEquityMethodInvestmentEquityMethodInvesteeNameAxis=IVDA_IvedaPhilsJointVentureMember</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_srt_RangeAxis=srt_MinimumMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">srt_RangeAxis=srt_MinimumMember</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_srt_RangeAxis=srt_MaximumMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">srt_RangeAxis=srt_MaximumMember</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_ConcentrationRiskByBenchmarkAxis=us-gaap_SalesRevenueNetMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ConcentrationRiskByBenchmarkAxis=us-gaap_SalesRevenueNetMember</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_ConcentrationRiskByTypeAxis=us-gaap_CustomerConcentrationRiskMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ConcentrationRiskByTypeAxis=us-gaap_CustomerConcentrationRiskMember</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_LegalEntityAxis=IVDA_YouMingHueiCoLtdMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_LegalEntityAxis=IVDA_YouMingHueiCoLtdMember</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</table></div>
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<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_LegalEntityAxis=IVDA_ChiconyPowerTechnologyMember</td>
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<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">srt_MajorCustomersAxis=IVDA_FiveCustomersMember</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
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</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
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</div></td></tr>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_srt_MajorCustomersAxis=IVDA_ChunghwaTelecomMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">srt_MajorCustomersAxis=IVDA_ChunghwaTelecomMember</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
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<tr>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_srt_MajorCustomersAxis=IVDA_SecurityIntegrationAndConsultantTechnologyCoLtdMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">srt_MajorCustomersAxis=IVDA_SecurityIntegrationAndConsultantTechnologyCoLtdMember</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_srt_MajorCustomersAxis=IVDA_ChiconyPowerTechnologyCoLtdMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">srt_MajorCustomersAxis=IVDA_ChiconyPowerTechnologyCoLtdMember</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
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<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
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</table></div>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_srt_MajorCustomersAxis=IVDA_HWACOMSYSTEMSINCMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">srt_MajorCustomersAxis=IVDA_HWACOMSYSTEMSINCMember</td>
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<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_srt_MajorCustomersAxis=IVDA_ClaroEnterpriseSolutionsMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">srt_MajorCustomersAxis=IVDA_ClaroEnterpriseSolutionsMember</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
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<td>na</td>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_srt_MajorCustomersAxis=IVDA_TwoCustomersMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">srt_MajorCustomersAxis=IVDA_TwoCustomersMember</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_srt_MajorCustomersAxis=IVDA_OtherCustomersMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">srt_MajorCustomersAxis=IVDA_OtherCustomersMember</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
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</tr>
</table></div>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_ConcentrationRiskByBenchmarkAxis=us-gaap_AccountsReceivableMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ConcentrationRiskByBenchmarkAxis=us-gaap_AccountsReceivableMember</td>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_srt_MajorCustomersAxis=IVDA_OneCustomersMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">srt_MajorCustomersAxis=IVDA_OneCustomersMember</td>
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<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
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<DOCUMENT>
<TYPE>XML
<SEQUENCE>49
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<DESCRIPTION>IDEA: XBRL DOCUMENT
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<head>
<title></title>
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<span style="display: none;">v3.25.2</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="id2">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="1"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Schedule Of Accounts and Other Payables (Details) - USD ($)<br></strong></div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Dec. 31, 2024</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Dec. 31, 2023</div></th>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_PayablesAndAccrualsAbstract', window );"><strong>Payables and Accruals [Abstract]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_AccountsPayableCurrent', window );">Accounts Payable</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 730,297<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 379,949<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_OtherAccruedLiabilitiesCurrent', window );">Accrued Expenses</a></td>
<td class="nump">981,769<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">899,755<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_IVDA_DeferredRevenueAndCustomerDepositsCurrent', window );">Deferred Revenue and Customer Deposits</a></td>
<td class="nump">36,791<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">29,210<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="reu">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_AccountsPayableAndOtherAccruedLiabilitiesCurrent', window );">Accounts and Other Payables</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 1,748,857<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 1,308,914<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<div style="display: none;">
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_IVDA_DeferredRevenueAndCustomerDepositsCurrent">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Deferred Revenue and Customer Deposits</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">IVDA_DeferredRevenueAndCustomerDepositsCurrent</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>IVDA_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
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<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
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</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_AccountsPayableAndOtherAccruedLiabilitiesCurrent">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of liabilities incurred to vendors for goods and services received, and accrued liabilities classified as other, payable within one year or the normal operating cycle, if longer.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_AccountsPayableAndOtherAccruedLiabilitiesCurrent</td>
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<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
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<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_AccountsPayableCurrent">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Carrying value as of the balance sheet date of liabilities incurred (and for which invoices have typically been received) and payable to vendors for goods and services received that are used in an entity's business. Used to reflect the current portion of the liabilities (due within one year or within the normal operating cycle if longer).</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(19)(a))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480566/210-10-S99-1<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/exampleRef<br> -Topic 852<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 55<br> -Paragraph 10<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147481372/852-10-55-10<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_AccountsPayableCurrent</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
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<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
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<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
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<td>instant</td>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of expenses incurred but not yet paid classified as other, due within one year or the normal operating cycle, if longer.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(20))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480566/210-10-S99-1<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_OtherAccruedLiabilitiesCurrent</td>
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<td>us-gaap_</td>
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<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_PayablesAndAccrualsAbstract</td>
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<TYPE>XML
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<FILENAME>R36.htm
<DESCRIPTION>IDEA: XBRL DOCUMENT
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<head>
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<span style="display: none;">v3.25.2</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="id2">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="2"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>SCHEDULE OF SHORT-TERM DEBT (Details) (Parenthetical)<br></strong></div></th>
<th class="th" colspan="2">12 Months Ended</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="th"><div>Dec. 31, 2024</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Dec. 31, 2023</div></th>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis=IVDA_ShanghaiBankMember', window );">Shanghai Bank [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DebtInstrumentLineItems', window );"><strong>Debt Instrument [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DebtInstrumentMaturityDateDescription', window );">Debt instrument, maturity date</a></td>
<td class="text">Due
    originally in January 2025 and subsequently replaced with a new loan which matures January 2026.<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">Due
    originally in January 2025 and subsequently replaced with a new loan which matures January 2026.<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis=IVDA_ShanghaiBankMember', window );">Shanghai Bank [Member] | Minimum [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DebtInstrumentLineItems', window );"><strong>Debt Instrument [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DebtInstrumentInterestRateDuringPeriod', window );">Interest rate</a></td>
<td class="nump">3.10%<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">3.10%<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis=IVDA_ShanghaiBankMember', window );">Shanghai Bank [Member] | Maximum [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DebtInstrumentLineItems', window );"><strong>Debt Instrument [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DebtInstrumentInterestRateDuringPeriod', window );">Interest rate</a></td>
<td class="nump">3.20%<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">3.20%<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis=IVDA_HuaNamBankMember', window );">Hua Nam Bank [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DebtInstrumentLineItems', window );"><strong>Debt Instrument [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DebtInstrumentInterestRateDuringPeriod', window );">Interest rate</a></td>
<td class="nump">3.40%<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">3.40%<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DebtInstrumentMaturityDateDescription', window );">Debt instrument, maturity date</a></td>
<td class="text">Due
    in June 2025.<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">Due
    in June 2025.<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis=IVDA_ChangHwaBankMember', window );">Chang Hwa Bank [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DebtInstrumentLineItems', window );"><strong>Debt Instrument [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DebtInstrumentMaturityDateDescription', window );">Debt instrument, maturity date</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">Due
in May 2025.<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis=IVDA_ChangHwaBankMember', window );">Chang Hwa Bank [Member] | Minimum [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DebtInstrumentLineItems', window );"><strong>Debt Instrument [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DebtInstrumentInterestRateDuringPeriod', window );">Interest rate</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">3.00%<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis=IVDA_ChangHwaBankMember', window );">Chang Hwa Bank [Member] | Maximum [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DebtInstrumentLineItems', window );"><strong>Debt Instrument [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DebtInstrumentInterestRateDuringPeriod', window );">Interest rate</a></td>
<td class="nump">3.30%<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<div style="display: none;">
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<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The average effective interest rate during the reporting period.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(22)(a)(1))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480566/210-10-S99-1<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 470<br> -SubTopic 20<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 1F<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147481139/470-20-50-1F<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Topic 835<br> -SubTopic 30<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482925/835-30-45-2<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
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<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
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<td>na</td>
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<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
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<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Line items represent financial concepts included in a table. These concepts are used to disclose reportable information associated with domain members defined in one or many axes to the table.</p></div>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_DebtInstrumentLineItems</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
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<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:stringItemType</td>
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<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
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<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_DebtInstrumentMaturityDateDescription">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Description of the maturity date of the debt instrument including whether the debt matures serially and, if so, a brief description of the serial maturities.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(22)(a)(2))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480566/210-10-S99-1<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_DebtInstrumentMaturityDateDescription</td>
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<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:stringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis=IVDA_ShanghaiBankMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis=IVDA_ShanghaiBankMember</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_srt_RangeAxis=srt_MinimumMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">srt_RangeAxis=srt_MinimumMember</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_srt_RangeAxis=srt_MaximumMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">srt_RangeAxis=srt_MaximumMember</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis=IVDA_HuaNamBankMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis=IVDA_HuaNamBankMember</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis=IVDA_ChangHwaBankMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis=IVDA_ChangHwaBankMember</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
</div>
</body>
</html>
</TEXT>
</DOCUMENT>
<DOCUMENT>
<TYPE>XML
<SEQUENCE>51
<FILENAME>R37.htm
<DESCRIPTION>IDEA: XBRL DOCUMENT
<TEXT>
<html>
<head>
<title></title>
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="include/report.css">
<script type="text/javascript" src="Show.js">/* Do Not Remove This Comment */</script><script type="text/javascript">
							function toggleNextSibling (e) {
							if (e.nextSibling.style.display=='none') {
							e.nextSibling.style.display='block';
							} else { e.nextSibling.style.display='none'; }
							}</script>
</head>
<body>
<span style="display: none;">v3.25.2</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="id2">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="1"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>SCHEDULE OF SHORT-TERM DEBT (Details) - USD ($)<br></strong></div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Dec. 31, 2024</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Dec. 31, 2023</div></th>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DefinedBenefitPlanDisclosureLineItems', window );"><strong>Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ShortTermBorrowings', window );">Short term debt</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 427,025<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 348,771<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis=IVDA_ShanghaiBankMember', window );">Shanghai Bank [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DefinedBenefitPlanDisclosureLineItems', window );"><strong>Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ShortTermBorrowings', window );">Short term debt</a></td>
<td class="nump">183,011<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">88,032<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis=IVDA_HuaNamBankMember', window );">Hua Nam Bank [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DefinedBenefitPlanDisclosureLineItems', window );"><strong>Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ShortTermBorrowings', window );">Short term debt</a></td>
<td class="nump">91,505<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">97,777<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis=IVDA_ChangHwaBankMember', window );">Chang Hwa Bank [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DefinedBenefitPlanDisclosureLineItems', window );"><strong>Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ShortTermBorrowings', window );">Short term debt</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 152,509<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 162,962<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<div style="display: none;">
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_DefinedBenefitPlanDisclosureLineItems">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Line items represent financial concepts included in a table. These concepts are used to disclose reportable information associated with domain members defined in one or many axes to the table.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_DefinedBenefitPlanDisclosureLineItems</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:stringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_ShortTermBorrowings">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Reflects the total carrying amount as of the balance sheet date of debt having initial terms less than one year or the normal operating cycle, if longer.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(19)(a))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480566/210-10-S99-1<br><br>Reference 2: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Topic 942<br> -SubTopic 210<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.9-03(13))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147478546/942-210-S99-1<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/exampleRef<br> -Topic 852<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 55<br> -Paragraph 10<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147481372/852-10-55-10<br><br>Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Topic 944<br> -SubTopic 210<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.7-03(a)(16)(a)(1))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147478777/944-210-S99-1<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ShortTermBorrowings</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis=IVDA_ShanghaiBankMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis=IVDA_ShanghaiBankMember</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis=IVDA_HuaNamBankMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis=IVDA_HuaNamBankMember</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis=IVDA_ChangHwaBankMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis=IVDA_ChangHwaBankMember</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
</div>
</body>
</html>
</TEXT>
</DOCUMENT>
<DOCUMENT>
<TYPE>XML
<SEQUENCE>52
<FILENAME>R38.htm
<DESCRIPTION>IDEA: XBRL DOCUMENT
<TEXT>
<html>
<head>
<title></title>
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="include/report.css">
<script type="text/javascript" src="Show.js">/* Do Not Remove This Comment */</script><script type="text/javascript">
							function toggleNextSibling (e) {
							if (e.nextSibling.style.display=='none') {
							e.nextSibling.style.display='block';
							} else { e.nextSibling.style.display='none'; }
							}</script>
</head>
<body>
<span style="display: none;">v3.25.2</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="id2">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="2" rowspan="2"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>SCHEDULE OF LONG-TERM DEBT (Details) (Parenthetical)<br></strong></div></th>
<th class="th" colspan="1"></th>
<th class="th" colspan="2">12 Months Ended</th>
<th class="th" colspan="1"></th>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="th">
<div>Jan. 24, 2024 </div>
<div>USD ($)</div>
</th>
<th class="th">
<div>Dec. 31, 2024 </div>
<div>USD ($)</div>
</th>
<th class="th">
<div>Dec. 31, 2023 </div>
<div>USD ($)</div>
</th>
<th class="th">
<div>Jan. 24, 2024 </div>
<div>TWD ($)</div>
</th>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_LineOfCreditFacilityLineItems', window );"><strong>Line of Credit Facility [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_LongTermDebt', window );">Long term debt</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 376,188<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_IVDA_LoanSecuritzedByGovernmentGuaranteePercentage', window );">Loan securitzed by government guarantee percentage</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="nump">75.00%<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_IVDA_SecurityDepositPercentage', window );">Security deposit percentage</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="nump">10.00%<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_LongtermDebtTypeAxis=IVDA_TermLoanMember', window );">Term Loan [Member]</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_LineOfCreditFacilityLineItems', window );"><strong>Line of Credit Facility [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_LongTermDebt', window );">Long term debt</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="nump">$ 600,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 20,000,000<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DebtInstrumentTerm', window );">Debt Instrument, Term</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">5 years<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_CreditFacilityAxis=us-gaap_RevolvingCreditFacilityMember', window );">Revolving Credit Facility [Member]</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_LineOfCreditFacilityLineItems', window );"><strong>Line of Credit Facility [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_LineOfCreditFacilityMaximumBorrowingCapacity', window );">Line of credit facility maximum borrowing capacity</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="nump">$ 300,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 10,000,000<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DebtInstrumentTerm', window );">Debt Instrument, Term</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">1 year<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_CreditFacilityAxis=IVDA_TermLoanMember', window );">Term Loan [Member]</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_LineOfCreditFacilityLineItems', window );"><strong>Line of Credit Facility [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DebtInstrumentTerm', window );">Debt Instrument, Term</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">5 years<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis=IVDA_ShanghaiBankMember', window );">Shanghai Bank [Member]</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_LineOfCreditFacilityLineItems', window );"><strong>Line of Credit Facility [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DebtInstrumentInterestRateEffectivePercentage', window );">Debt interest rate</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup>[1]</sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">2.10%<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">2.10%<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_IVDA_LongTermDebtInstrumentMaturityDateDescription', window );">Maturity date description</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup>[1]</sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">January
    2029 (1)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">January
    2029 (1)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr><td colspan="5"></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="5"><table class="outerFootnotes" width="100%"><tr class="outerFootnote">
<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 12pt;" valign="top">[1]</td>
<td style="vertical-align: top;" valign="top">On
                                            January 24, 2024, the Company received a facility notice from Shanghai Commercial Bank, granting
                                            a revolving loan facility totaling up to TWD <span class="xdx_phnt_RGlzY2xvc3VyZSAtIFNDSEVEVUxFIE9GIExPTkctVEVSTSBERUJUIChEZXRhaWxzKSAoUGFyZW50aGV0aWNhbCkA" id="xdx_904_eus-gaap--LineOfCreditFacilityMaximumBorrowingCapacity_iI_uNTD_c20240124__us-gaap--CreditFacilityAxis__us-gaap--RevolvingCreditFacilityMember_z6SmmmNufU21" title="Line of credit facility maximum borrowing capacity">10,000,000</span></td>
</tr></table></td></tr>
</table>
<div style="display: none;">
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_IVDA_LoanSecuritzedByGovernmentGuaranteePercentage">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Loan securitzed by government guarantee percentage.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">IVDA_LoanSecuritzedByGovernmentGuaranteePercentage</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>IVDA_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dtr-types:percentItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_IVDA_LongTermDebtInstrumentMaturityDateDescription">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Long term debt instrument maturity date description.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">IVDA_LongTermDebtInstrumentMaturityDateDescription</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>IVDA_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:stringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_IVDA_SecurityDepositPercentage">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Security deposit percentage.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">IVDA_SecurityDepositPercentage</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>IVDA_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dtr-types:percentItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_DebtInstrumentInterestRateEffectivePercentage">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Effective interest rate for the funds borrowed under the debt agreement considering interest compounding and original issue discount or premium.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/exampleRef<br> -Topic 835<br> -SubTopic 30<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 55<br> -Paragraph 8<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482949/835-30-55-8<br><br>Reference 2: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(22)(a)(1))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480566/210-10-S99-1<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 835<br> -SubTopic 30<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482900/835-30-50-1<br><br>Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 835<br> -SubTopic 30<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482925/835-30-45-2<br><br>Reference 5: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 470<br> -SubTopic 20<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 6<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147481139/470-20-50-6<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_DebtInstrumentInterestRateEffectivePercentage</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dtr-types:percentItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_DebtInstrumentTerm">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Period of time between issuance and maturity of debt instrument, in PnYnMnDTnHnMnS' format, for example, 'P1Y5M13D' represents the reported fact of one year, five months, and thirteen days.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_DebtInstrumentTerm</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:durationItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_LineOfCreditFacilityLineItems">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Line items represent financial concepts included in a table. These concepts are used to disclose reportable information associated with domain members defined in one or many axes to the table.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 470<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 6<br> -Subparagraph (b)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147481544/470-10-50-6<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Topic 470<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 6<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147481544/470-10-50-6<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Topic 235<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.4-08(f))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480678/235-10-S99-1<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_LineOfCreditFacilityLineItems</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:stringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_LineOfCreditFacilityMaximumBorrowingCapacity">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Maximum borrowing capacity under the credit facility without consideration of any current restrictions on the amount that could be borrowed or the amounts currently outstanding under the facility.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(22)(b))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480566/210-10-S99-1<br><br>Reference 2: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(19)(b))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480566/210-10-S99-1<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_LineOfCreditFacilityMaximumBorrowingCapacity</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_LongTermDebt">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount, after deduction of unamortized premium (discount) and debt issuance cost, of long-term debt. Excludes lease obligation.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(22))<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Topic 210<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480566/210-10-S99-1<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/exampleRef<br> -Topic 835<br> -SubTopic 30<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 55<br> -Paragraph 8<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482949/835-30-55-8<br><br>Reference 3: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Topic 942<br> -SubTopic 210<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.9-03(16))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147478546/942-210-S99-1<br><br>Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/exampleRef<br> -Topic 470<br> -SubTopic 20<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 55<br> -Paragraph 69B<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147481568/470-20-55-69B<br><br>Reference 5: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/exampleRef<br> -Topic 470<br> -SubTopic 20<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 55<br> -Paragraph 69C<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147481568/470-20-55-69C<br><br>Reference 6: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 470<br> -SubTopic 20<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 1D<br> -Subparagraph (b)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147481139/470-20-50-1D<br><br>Reference 7: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Topic 944<br> -SubTopic 210<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.7-03(a)(16)(a)(2))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147478777/944-210-S99-1<br><br>Reference 8: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 470<br> -SubTopic 20<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 4<br> -Subparagraph (b)(3)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147481139/470-20-50-4<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
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<span style="display: none;">v3.25.2</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="id2">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="2" rowspan="1"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>SCHEDULE OF LONG-TERM DEBT (Details) - USD ($)<br></strong></div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Dec. 31, 2024</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Dec. 31, 2023</div></th>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DefinedBenefitPlanDisclosureLineItems', window );"><strong>Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_LongTermDebtCurrent', window );">Current portion of long term debt</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="num">$ (122,007)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_LongTermDebt', window );">Long term debt</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="nump">376,188<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis=IVDA_ShanghaiBankMember', window );">Shanghai Bank [Member]</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DefinedBenefitPlanDisclosureLineItems', window );"><strong>Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_LoansPayableCurrent', window );">Loans</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup>[1]</sup></td>
<td class="nump">$ 498,195<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr><td colspan="3"></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="3"><table class="outerFootnotes" width="100%"><tr class="outerFootnote">
<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 12pt;" valign="top">[1]</td>
<td style="vertical-align: top;" valign="top">On
                                            January 24, 2024, the Company received a facility notice from Shanghai Commercial Bank, granting
                                            a revolving loan facility totaling up to TWD <span class="xdx_phnt_RGlzY2xvc3VyZSAtIFNDSEVEVUxFIE9GIExPTkctVEVSTSBERUJUIChEZXRhaWxzKSAoUGFyZW50aGV0aWNhbCkA" id="xdx_904_eus-gaap--LineOfCreditFacilityMaximumBorrowingCapacity_iI_uNTD_c20240124__us-gaap--CreditFacilityAxis__us-gaap--RevolvingCreditFacilityMember_z6SmmmNufU21" title="Line of credit facility maximum borrowing capacity">10,000,000</span></td>
</tr></table></td></tr>
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<div style="display: none;">
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Line items represent financial concepts included in a table. These concepts are used to disclose reportable information associated with domain members defined in one or many axes to the table.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
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<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Carrying value as of the balance sheet date of portion of long-term loans payable due within one year or the operating cycle if longer.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(20))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480566/210-10-S99-1<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount, after deduction of unamortized premium (discount) and debt issuance cost, of long-term debt. Excludes lease obligation.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(22))<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Topic 210<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480566/210-10-S99-1<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/exampleRef<br> -Topic 835<br> -SubTopic 30<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 55<br> -Paragraph 8<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482949/835-30-55-8<br><br>Reference 3: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Topic 942<br> -SubTopic 210<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.9-03(16))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147478546/942-210-S99-1<br><br>Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/exampleRef<br> -Topic 470<br> -SubTopic 20<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 55<br> -Paragraph 69B<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147481568/470-20-55-69B<br><br>Reference 5: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/exampleRef<br> -Topic 470<br> -SubTopic 20<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 55<br> -Paragraph 69C<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147481568/470-20-55-69C<br><br>Reference 6: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 470<br> -SubTopic 20<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 1D<br> -Subparagraph (b)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147481139/470-20-50-1D<br><br>Reference 7: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Topic 944<br> -SubTopic 210<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.7-03(a)(16)(a)(2))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147478777/944-210-S99-1<br><br>Reference 8: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 470<br> -SubTopic 20<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 4<br> -Subparagraph (b)(3)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147481139/470-20-50-4<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount, after deduction of unamortized premium (discount) and debt issuance cost, of long-term debt classified as current. Excludes lease obligation.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(20))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480566/210-10-S99-1<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
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<span style="display: none;">v3.25.2</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="id2">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="1"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>SCHEDULE OF MINIMUM PAYMENT OF LONG TERM DEBT (Details) - USD ($)<br></strong></div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Dec. 31, 2024</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Dec. 31, 2023</div></th>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DefinedBenefitPlanDisclosureLineItems', window );"><strong>Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rou">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_LongTermDebt', window );">Total</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 376,188<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis=IVDA_ChangHwaBankMember', window );">Chang Hwa Bank [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DefinedBenefitPlanDisclosureLineItems', window );"><strong>Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_LongTermDebtMaturitiesRepaymentsOfPrincipalInNextTwelveMonths', window );">2025</a></td>
<td class="nump">122,007<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_LongTermDebtMaturitiesRepaymentsOfPrincipalInYearTwo', window );">2026</a></td>
<td class="nump">122,007<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_LongTermDebtMaturitiesRepaymentsOfPrincipalInYearThree', window );">2027</a></td>
<td class="nump">122,007<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_LongTermDebtMaturitiesRepaymentsOfPrincipalInYearFour', window );">2028</a></td>
<td class="nump">122,007<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_IVDA_LongTermDebtMaturitiesRepaymentsOfPrincipalAfterYearFour', window );">Thereafter</a></td>
<td class="nump">10,167<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rou">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_LongTermDebt', window );">Total</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 498,195<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<div style="display: none;">
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<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Long term debt maturities repayments of principal after year four.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Line items represent financial concepts included in a table. These concepts are used to disclose reportable information associated with domain members defined in one or many axes to the table.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
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<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount, after deduction of unamortized premium (discount) and debt issuance cost, of long-term debt. Excludes lease obligation.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(22))<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Topic 210<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480566/210-10-S99-1<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/exampleRef<br> -Topic 835<br> -SubTopic 30<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 55<br> -Paragraph 8<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482949/835-30-55-8<br><br>Reference 3: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Topic 942<br> -SubTopic 210<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.9-03(16))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147478546/942-210-S99-1<br><br>Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/exampleRef<br> -Topic 470<br> -SubTopic 20<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 55<br> -Paragraph 69B<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147481568/470-20-55-69B<br><br>Reference 5: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/exampleRef<br> -Topic 470<br> -SubTopic 20<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 55<br> -Paragraph 69C<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147481568/470-20-55-69C<br><br>Reference 6: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 470<br> -SubTopic 20<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 1D<br> -Subparagraph (b)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147481139/470-20-50-1D<br><br>Reference 7: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Topic 944<br> -SubTopic 210<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.7-03(a)(16)(a)(2))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147478777/944-210-S99-1<br><br>Reference 8: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 470<br> -SubTopic 20<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 4<br> -Subparagraph (b)(3)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147481139/470-20-50-4<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_LongTermDebt</td>
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<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
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<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
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<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
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<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of long-term debt payable, sinking fund requirement, and other securities issued that are redeemable by holder at fixed or determinable price and date, maturing in next fiscal year following current fiscal year. Excludes interim and annual periods when interim periods are reported from current statement of financial position date (rolling approach).</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 235<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 3<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.12-04(a))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480678/235-10-S99-3<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 470<br> -SubTopic 20<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 1E<br> -Subparagraph (d)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147481139/470-20-50-1E<br><br>Reference 3: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Topic 470<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147481544/470-10-50-1<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_LongTermDebtMaturitiesRepaymentsOfPrincipalInNextTwelveMonths</td>
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<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of long-term debt payable, sinking fund requirement, and other securities issued that are redeemable by holder at fixed or determinable price and date, maturing in fourth fiscal year following current fiscal year. Excludes interim and annual periods when interim periods are reported from current statement of financial position date (rolling approach).</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 235<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 3<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.12-04(a))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480678/235-10-S99-3<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 470<br> -SubTopic 20<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 1E<br> -Subparagraph (d)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147481139/470-20-50-1E<br><br>Reference 3: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Topic 470<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147481544/470-10-50-1<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_LongTermDebtMaturitiesRepaymentsOfPrincipalInYearFour</td>
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<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of long-term debt payable, sinking fund requirement, and other securities issued that are redeemable by holder at fixed or determinable price and date, maturing in third fiscal year following current fiscal year. Excludes interim and annual periods when interim periods are reported from current statement of financial position date (rolling approach).</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 235<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 3<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.12-04(a))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480678/235-10-S99-3<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 470<br> -SubTopic 20<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 1E<br> -Subparagraph (d)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147481139/470-20-50-1E<br><br>Reference 3: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Topic 470<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147481544/470-10-50-1<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_LongTermDebtMaturitiesRepaymentsOfPrincipalInYearThree</td>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of long-term debt payable, sinking fund requirement, and other securities issued that are redeemable by holder at fixed or determinable price and date, maturing in second fiscal year following current fiscal year. Excludes interim and annual periods when interim periods are reported from current statement of financial position date (rolling approach).</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 235<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 3<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.12-04(a))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480678/235-10-S99-3<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 470<br> -SubTopic 20<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 1E<br> -Subparagraph (d)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147481139/470-20-50-1E<br><br>Reference 3: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Topic 470<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147481544/470-10-50-1<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_LongTermDebtMaturitiesRepaymentsOfPrincipalInYearTwo</td>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
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<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
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<span style="display: none;">v3.25.2</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="id2">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="1"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>PREFERRED STOCK (Details Narrative) - $ / shares<br></strong></div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Dec. 31, 2024</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Dec. 31, 2023</div></th>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ClassOfStockLineItems', window );"><strong>Class of Stock [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_PreferredStockSharesAuthorized', window );">Preferred stock, shares authorized</a></td>
<td class="nump">12,500,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">12,500,000<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_PreferredStockParOrStatedValuePerShare', window );">Preferred stock, par value</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 0.00001<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 0.00001<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis=us-gaap_SeriesAPreferredStockMember', window );">Series A Preferred Stock [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ClassOfStockLineItems', window );"><strong>Class of Stock [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_PreferredStockSharesAuthorized', window );">Preferred stock, shares authorized</a></td>
<td class="nump">1,250,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis=us-gaap_SeriesBPreferredStockMember', window );">Series B Preferred Stock [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ClassOfStockLineItems', window );"><strong>Class of Stock [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_PreferredStockSharesAuthorized', window );">Preferred stock, shares authorized</a></td>
<td class="nump">500<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">500<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_PreferredStockParOrStatedValuePerShare', window );">Preferred stock, par value</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 0.00001<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 0.00001<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_srt_RangeAxis=srt_MaximumMember', window );">Maximum [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ClassOfStockLineItems', window );"><strong>Class of Stock [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_PreferredStockSharesAuthorized', window );">Preferred stock, shares authorized</a></td>
<td class="nump">12,500,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<div style="display: none;">
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_ClassOfStockLineItems">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Line items represent financial concepts included in a table. These concepts are used to disclose reportable information associated with domain members defined in one or many axes to the table.</p></div>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ClassOfStockLineItems</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:stringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_PreferredStockParOrStatedValuePerShare">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Face amount or stated value per share of preferred stock nonredeemable or redeemable solely at the option of the issuer.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(28))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480566/210-10-S99-1<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 505<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 13<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147481112/505-10-50-13<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_PreferredStockParOrStatedValuePerShare</td>
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<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dtr-types:perShareItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
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<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The maximum number of nonredeemable preferred shares (or preferred stock redeemable solely at the option of the issuer) permitted to be issued by an entity's charter and bylaws.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(28))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480566/210-10-S99-1<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 946<br> -SubTopic 210<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.6-04(16)(a))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147479170/946-210-S99-1<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_PreferredStockSharesAuthorized</td>
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<tr>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
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</div></td></tr>
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<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis=us-gaap_SeriesAPreferredStockMember</td>
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<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</table></div>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis=us-gaap_SeriesBPreferredStockMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis=us-gaap_SeriesBPreferredStockMember</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
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</div></td></tr>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_srt_RangeAxis=srt_MaximumMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">srt_RangeAxis=srt_MaximumMember</td>
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<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
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<span style="display: none;">v3.25.2</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="id2">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="2"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>EQUITY (Details Narrative) - USD ($)<br></strong></div></th>
<th class="th" colspan="1">1 Months Ended</th>
<th class="th" colspan="2">12 Months Ended</th>
<th class="th" colspan="1"></th>
<th class="th" colspan="1"></th>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="th"><div>Sep. 30, 2024</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Dec. 31, 2024</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Dec. 31, 2023</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Nov. 30, 2024</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Oct. 31, 2024</div></th>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_AccumulatedOtherComprehensiveIncomeLossLineItems', window );"><strong>Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_CommonStockSharesAuthorized', window );">Common stock, shares authorized</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">300,000,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">300,000,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
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<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 0.00001<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 0.00001<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ClassOfWarrantOrRightExercisePriceOfWarrantsOrRights1', window );">Exercise price</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 3.44<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesNewIssues', window );">Stock issued during period shares new issues</a></td>
<td class="nump">625,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ProceedsFromIssuanceOfCommonStock', window );">Net proceeds of direct offering</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 1,683,970<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 1,683,970<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 1,322,885<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesIssuedForServices', window );">Common stock with a fair shares</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">12,500<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">19,656<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodValueIssuedForServices', window );">Common stock with a fair value</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 90,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 138,546<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ClassOfWarrantOrRightAxis=IVDA_September2024DirectOfferingMember', window );">September 2024 Direct Offering [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_AccumulatedOtherComprehensiveIncomeLossLineItems', window );"><strong>Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ClassOfWarrantOrRightNumberOfSecuritiesCalledByWarrantsOrRights', window );">Number of warrants issued</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">46,876<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ClassOfWarrantOrRightExercisePriceOfWarrantsOrRights1', window );">Exercise price</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 4.30<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_StatementEquityComponentsAxis=us-gaap_CommonStockMember', window );">Common Stock [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_AccumulatedOtherComprehensiveIncomeLossLineItems', window );"><strong>Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_CommonStockParOrStatedValuePerShare', window );">Common stock, par value</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 0.00001<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesOther', window );">New shares issued</a></td>
<td class="nump">225,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_SharesIssuedPricePerShare', window );">Offering prices</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 3.44<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesNewIssues', window );">Stock issued during period shares new issues</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">625,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesIssuedForServices', window );">Common stock with a fair shares</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">12,500<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">19,656<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodValueIssuedForServices', window );">Common stock with a fair value</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_StatementEquityComponentsAxis=us-gaap_WarrantMember', window );">Warrant [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_AccumulatedOtherComprehensiveIncomeLossLineItems', window );"><strong>Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ClassOfWarrantOrRightNumberOfSecuritiesCalledByWarrantsOrRights', window );">Number of warrants issued</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">400,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">400,000<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ClassOfWarrantOrRightExercisePriceOfWarrantsOrRights1', window );">Exercise price</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 0.01<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_StatementEquityComponentsAxis=us-gaap_WarrantMember', window );">Warrant [Member] | Investor [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_AccumulatedOtherComprehensiveIncomeLossLineItems', window );"><strong>Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ClassOfWarrantOrRightNumberOfSecuritiesCalledByWarrantsOrRights', window );">Number of warrants issued</a></td>
<td class="nump">400,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ClassOfWarrantOrRightExercisePriceOfWarrantsOrRights1', window );">Exercise price</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 3.43<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_StatementEquityComponentsAxis=IVDA_UnregisteredSeriesAWarrantsMember', window );">Unregistered Series A Warrants [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_AccumulatedOtherComprehensiveIncomeLossLineItems', window );"><strong>Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ClassOfWarrantOrRightNumberOfSecuritiesCalledByWarrantsOrRights', window );">Number of warrants issued</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">625,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_WarrantsAndRightsOutstandingTerm', window );">Warrants and Rights Outstanding, Term</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">5 years<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_StatementEquityComponentsAxis=IVDA_UnregisteredSeriesBWarrantsMember', window );">Unregistered Series B Warrants [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_AccumulatedOtherComprehensiveIncomeLossLineItems', window );"><strong>Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ClassOfWarrantOrRightNumberOfSecuritiesCalledByWarrantsOrRights', window );">Number of warrants issued</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">625,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_WarrantsAndRightsOutstandingTerm', window );">Warrants and Rights Outstanding, Term</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">18 months<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_srt_RangeAxis=srt_MaximumMember', window );">Maximum [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_AccumulatedOtherComprehensiveIncomeLossLineItems', window );"><strong>Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_CommonStockSharesAuthorized', window );">Common stock, shares authorized</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">300,000,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ClassOfWarrantOrRightExercisePriceOfWarrantsOrRights1', window );">Exercise price</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 85.12<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<div style="display: none;">
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_AccumulatedOtherComprehensiveIncomeLossLineItems">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Line items represent financial concepts included in a table. These concepts are used to disclose reportable information associated with domain members defined in one or many axes to the table.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 220<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 4<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482765/220-10-50-4<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 220<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 5<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482765/220-10-50-5<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 830<br> -SubTopic 30<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147481674/830-30-50-1<br><br>Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 830<br> -SubTopic 30<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 17<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147481694/830-30-45-17<br><br>Reference 5: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 830<br> -SubTopic 30<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 20<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147481694/830-30-45-20<br><br>Reference 6: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 830<br> -SubTopic 30<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 20<br> -Subparagraph (b)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147481694/830-30-45-20<br><br>Reference 7: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 830<br> -SubTopic 30<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 20<br> -Subparagraph (c)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147481694/830-30-45-20<br><br>Reference 8: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 830<br> -SubTopic 30<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 20<br> -Subparagraph (d)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147481694/830-30-45-20<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_AccumulatedOtherComprehensiveIncomeLossLineItems</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:stringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_ClassOfWarrantOrRightExercisePriceOfWarrantsOrRights1">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Exercise price per share or per unit of warrants or rights outstanding.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 505<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 3<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147481112/505-10-50-3<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ClassOfWarrantOrRightExercisePriceOfWarrantsOrRights1</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dtr-types:perShareItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_ClassOfWarrantOrRightNumberOfSecuritiesCalledByWarrantsOrRights">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Number of securities into which the class of warrant or right may be converted. For example, but not limited to, 500,000 warrants may be converted into 1,000,000 shares.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 505<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 3<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147481112/505-10-50-3<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ClassOfWarrantOrRightNumberOfSecuritiesCalledByWarrantsOrRights</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:sharesItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_CommonStockParOrStatedValuePerShare">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Face amount or stated value per share of common stock.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(29))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480566/210-10-S99-1<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_CommonStockParOrStatedValuePerShare</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dtr-types:perShareItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_CommonStockSharesAuthorized">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The maximum number of common shares permitted to be issued by an entity's charter and bylaws.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(29))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480566/210-10-S99-1<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 946<br> -SubTopic 210<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.6-04(16)(a))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147479170/946-210-S99-1<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_CommonStockSharesAuthorized</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:sharesItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_ProceedsFromIssuanceOfCommonStock">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The cash inflow from the additional capital contribution to the entity.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 14<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Topic 230<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482740/230-10-45-14<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ProceedsFromIssuanceOfCommonStock</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_SharesIssuedPricePerShare">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Per share or per unit amount of equity securities issued.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_SharesIssuedPricePerShare</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dtr-types:perShareItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesIssuedForServices">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Number of shares issued in lieu of cash for services contributed to the entity. Number of shares includes, but is not limited to, shares issued for services contributed by vendors and founders.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesIssuedForServices</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:sharesItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesNewIssues">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Number of new stock issued during the period.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Topic 505<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147481112/505-10-50-2<br><br>Reference 2: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(28))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480566/210-10-S99-1<br><br>Reference 3: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(29))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480566/210-10-S99-1<br><br>Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 946<br> -SubTopic 505<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147478448/946-505-50-2<br><br>Reference 5: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 946<br> -SubTopic 220<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 3<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.6-09(4)(b))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147479134/946-220-S99-3<br><br>Reference 6: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 946<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 3<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.6-03(i)(1))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147479886/946-10-S99-3<br><br>Reference 7: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Topic 505<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.3-04)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480008/505-10-S99-1<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesNewIssues</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:sharesItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesOther">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Number of shares of stock issued attributable to transactions classified as other.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesOther</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:sharesItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodValueIssuedForServices">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Value of stock issued in lieu of cash for services contributed to the entity. Value of the stock issued includes, but is not limited to, services contributed by vendors and founders.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodValueIssuedForServices</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_WarrantsAndRightsOutstandingTerm">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Period between issuance and expiration of outstanding warrant and right embodying unconditional obligation requiring redemption by transferring asset at specified or determinable date or upon event certain to occur, in 'PnYnMnDTnHnMnS' format, for example, 'P1Y5M13D' represents reported fact of one year, five months, and thirteen days.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Topic 820<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (bbb)(2)(i)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482106/820-10-50-2<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Topic 820<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (bbb)(2)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482106/820-10-50-2<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Topic 820<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (bbb)(1)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482106/820-10-50-2<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_WarrantsAndRightsOutstandingTerm</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:durationItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_ClassOfWarrantOrRightAxis=IVDA_September2024DirectOfferingMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ClassOfWarrantOrRightAxis=IVDA_September2024DirectOfferingMember</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_StatementEquityComponentsAxis=us-gaap_CommonStockMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_StatementEquityComponentsAxis=us-gaap_CommonStockMember</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_StatementEquityComponentsAxis=us-gaap_WarrantMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_StatementEquityComponentsAxis=us-gaap_WarrantMember</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis=us-gaap_InvestorMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis=us-gaap_InvestorMember</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_StatementEquityComponentsAxis=IVDA_UnregisteredSeriesAWarrantsMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_StatementEquityComponentsAxis=IVDA_UnregisteredSeriesAWarrantsMember</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_StatementEquityComponentsAxis=IVDA_UnregisteredSeriesBWarrantsMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_StatementEquityComponentsAxis=IVDA_UnregisteredSeriesBWarrantsMember</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_srt_RangeAxis=srt_MaximumMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">srt_RangeAxis=srt_MaximumMember</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
</div>
</body>
</html>
</TEXT>
</DOCUMENT>
<DOCUMENT>
<TYPE>XML
<SEQUENCE>57
<FILENAME>R43.htm
<DESCRIPTION>IDEA: XBRL DOCUMENT
<TEXT>
<html>
<head>
<title></title>
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="include/report.css">
<script type="text/javascript" src="Show.js">/* Do Not Remove This Comment */</script><script type="text/javascript">
							function toggleNextSibling (e) {
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</head>
<body>
<span style="display: none;">v3.25.2</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="id2">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="2"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>SCHEDULE OF STOCK OPTION TRANSACTIONS (Details) - $ / shares<br></strong></div></th>
<th class="th" colspan="2">12 Months Ended</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="th"><div>Dec. 31, 2024</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Dec. 31, 2023</div></th>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DisclosureOfCompensationRelatedCostsSharebasedPaymentsAbstract', window );"><strong>Share-Based Payment Arrangement [Abstract]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingNumber', window );">Shares, Outstanding at Beginning of Year</a></td>
<td class="nump">162,625<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">126,805<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingWeightedAverageExercisePrice', window );">Weighted-Average Exercise Price, Outstanding at Beginning of Year</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 36.01<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 36.08<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsGrantsInPeriod', window );">Shares, Granted</a></td>
<td class="nump">79,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">37,188<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementsByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsGrantsInPeriodWeightedAverageExercisePrice', window );">Weighted-Average Exercise Price, Granted</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 1.78<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 5.48<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesStockOptionsExercised', window );">Shares, Exercised</a></td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementsByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsExercisesInPeriodWeightedAverageExercisePrice', window );">Weighted-Average Exercise Price Exercised</a></td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsForfeituresInPeriod', window );">Shares, Forfeited or Canceled</a></td>
<td class="num">(24,569)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(1,367)<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementsByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsForfeituresInPeriodWeightedAverageExercisePrice', window );">Weighted-Average Exercise Price, Forfeited or Canceled</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 75.86<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 10.78<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingNumber', window );">Shares, Outstanding at End of Year</a></td>
<td class="nump">217,056<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">162,625<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingWeightedAverageExercisePrice', window );">Weighted-Average Exercise Price, Outstanding at End of Year</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 18.56<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 36.01<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsExercisableNumber', window );">Shares, Options Exercisable at End of Year</a></td>
<td class="nump">214,525<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">157,547<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsExercisableWeightedAverageExercisePrice', window );">Weighted-Average Exercise Price, Options Exercisable at End of Year</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 18.74<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 36.96<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<div style="display: none;">
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_DisclosureOfCompensationRelatedCostsSharebasedPaymentsAbstract">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_DisclosureOfCompensationRelatedCostsSharebasedPaymentsAbstract</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:stringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsExercisableNumber">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The number of shares into which fully or partially vested stock options outstanding as of the balance sheet date can be currently converted under the option plan.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 718<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (c)(1)(iii)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480429/718-10-50-2<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsExercisableNumber</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:sharesItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsExercisableWeightedAverageExercisePrice">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The weighted-average price as of the balance sheet date at which grantees can acquire the shares reserved for issuance on vested portions of options outstanding and currently exercisable under the stock option plan.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 718<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (c)(1)(iii)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480429/718-10-50-2<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsExercisableWeightedAverageExercisePrice</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dtr-types:perShareItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsForfeituresInPeriod">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The number of shares under options that were cancelled during the reporting period as a result of occurrence of a terminating event specified in contractual agreements pertaining to the stock option plan.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 718<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (c)(1)(iv)(03)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480429/718-10-50-2<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsForfeituresInPeriod</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:sharesItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsGrantsInPeriod">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Net number of share options (or share units) granted during the period.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Topic 718<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (c)(1)(iv)(01)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480429/718-10-50-2<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsGrantsInPeriod</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:sharesItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingNumber">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Number of options outstanding, including both vested and non-vested options.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 718<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (c)(1)(i)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480429/718-10-50-2<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 718<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (c)(1)(ii)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480429/718-10-50-2<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingNumber</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:sharesItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingWeightedAverageExercisePrice">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Weighted average price at which grantees can acquire the shares reserved for issuance under the stock option plan.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 718<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (c)(1)(i)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480429/718-10-50-2<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 718<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (c)(1)(ii)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480429/718-10-50-2<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingWeightedAverageExercisePrice</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dtr-types:perShareItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementsByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsExercisesInPeriodWeightedAverageExercisePrice">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Weighted average price at which option holders acquired shares when converting their stock options into shares.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 718<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (c)(1)(iv)(02)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480429/718-10-50-2<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementsByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsExercisesInPeriodWeightedAverageExercisePrice</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dtr-types:perShareItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementsByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsForfeituresInPeriodWeightedAverageExercisePrice">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Weighted average price at which grantees could have acquired the underlying shares with respect to stock options that were terminated.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 718<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (c)(1)(iv)(03)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480429/718-10-50-2<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementsByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsForfeituresInPeriodWeightedAverageExercisePrice</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dtr-types:perShareItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementsByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsGrantsInPeriodWeightedAverageExercisePrice">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Weighted average per share amount at which grantees can acquire shares of common stock by exercise of options.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 718<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (c)(1)(iv)(01)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480429/718-10-50-2<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementsByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsGrantsInPeriodWeightedAverageExercisePrice</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dtr-types:perShareItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesStockOptionsExercised">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Number of share options (or share units) exercised during the current period.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Topic 505<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147481112/505-10-50-2<br><br>Reference 2: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(28))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480566/210-10-S99-1<br><br>Reference 3: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(29))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480566/210-10-S99-1<br><br>Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 718<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (c)(1)(iv)(02)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480429/718-10-50-2<br><br>Reference 5: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Topic 505<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.3-04)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480008/505-10-S99-1<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesStockOptionsExercised</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:sharesItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
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<span style="display: none;">v3.25.2</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="id2">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="2"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>SCHEDULE OF STOCK OPTION OUTSTANDING AND EXERCISABLE AND EXERCISABLE EXERCISE PRICE RANGE (Details)<br></strong></div></th>
<th class="th" colspan="1">12 Months Ended</th>
</tr>
<tr><th class="th">
<div>Dec. 31, 2024 </div>
<div>$ / shares </div>
<div>shares</div>
</th></tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DisclosureOfCompensationRelatedCostsSharebasedPaymentsAbstract', window );"><strong>Share-Based Payment Arrangement [Abstract]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationSharesAuthorizedUnderStockOptionPlansExercisePriceRangeLowerRangeLimit', window );">Range of Exercise, Lower Range Limit</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 1.58<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationSharesAuthorizedUnderStockOptionPlansExercisePriceRangeUpperRangeLimit', window );">Range of Exercise, Upper Range Limit</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 142.08<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationSharesAuthorizedUnderStockOptionPlansExercisePriceRangeNumberOfOutstandingOptions', window );">Options Outstanding, Number Outstanding | shares</a></td>
<td class="nump">217,056<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_SharebasedCompensationSharesAuthorizedUnderStockOptionPlansExercisePriceRangeOutstandingOptionsWeightedAverageRemainingContractualTerm2', window );">Options Outstanding, Weighted- Average Remaining Contractual Life</a></td>
<td class="text">7 years 8 months 12 days<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_SharebasedCompensationSharesAuthorizedUnderStockOptionPlansExercisePriceRangeOutstandingOptionsWeightedAverageExercisePriceBeginningBalance1', window );">Options Outstanding, Weighted-Average Exercise Price</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 4.50<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationSharesAuthorizedUnderStockOptionPlansExercisePriceRangeNumberOfExercisableOptions', window );">Options Exercisable, Number Exercisable | shares</a></td>
<td class="nump">214,525<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_SharebasedCompensationSharesAuthorizedUnderStockOptionPlansExercisePriceRangeExercisableOptionsWeightedAverageExercisePrice1', window );">Options Exercisable, Weighted-Average Exercise Price</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 18.74<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<div style="display: none;">
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_DisclosureOfCompensationRelatedCostsSharebasedPaymentsAbstract">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_DisclosureOfCompensationRelatedCostsSharebasedPaymentsAbstract</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
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<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:stringItemType</td>
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<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
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<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationSharesAuthorizedUnderStockOptionPlansExercisePriceRangeLowerRangeLimit">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The floor of a customized range of exercise prices for purposes of disclosing shares potentially issuable under outstanding stock option awards on all stock option plans and other required information pertaining to awards in the customized range.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 718<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (g)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480429/718-10-50-2<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationSharesAuthorizedUnderStockOptionPlansExercisePriceRangeLowerRangeLimit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dtr-types:perShareItemType</td>
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<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
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<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationSharesAuthorizedUnderStockOptionPlansExercisePriceRangeNumberOfExercisableOptions">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The number of shares reserved for issuance pertaining to the outstanding exercisable stock options as of the balance sheet date in the customized range of exercise prices for which the market and performance vesting condition has been satisfied.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 718<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (c)(iii)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480429/718-10-50-2<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationSharesAuthorizedUnderStockOptionPlansExercisePriceRangeNumberOfExercisableOptions</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:sharesItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationSharesAuthorizedUnderStockOptionPlansExercisePriceRangeNumberOfOutstandingOptions">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The number of shares reserved for issuance pertaining to the outstanding stock options as of the balance sheet date for all option plans in the customized range of exercise prices.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Topic 718<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (c)(1)(ii)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480429/718-10-50-2<br><br>Reference 2: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Topic 718<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (c)(1)(i)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480429/718-10-50-2<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationSharesAuthorizedUnderStockOptionPlansExercisePriceRangeNumberOfOutstandingOptions</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:sharesItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationSharesAuthorizedUnderStockOptionPlansExercisePriceRangeUpperRangeLimit">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The ceiling of a customized range of exercise prices for purposes of disclosing shares potentially issuable under outstanding stock option awards on all stock option plans and other required information pertaining to awards in the customized range.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 718<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (g)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480429/718-10-50-2<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationSharesAuthorizedUnderStockOptionPlansExercisePriceRangeUpperRangeLimit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dtr-types:perShareItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_SharebasedCompensationSharesAuthorizedUnderStockOptionPlansExercisePriceRangeExercisableOptionsWeightedAverageExercisePrice1">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Weighted average exercise price as of the balance sheet date for those equity-based payment arrangements exercisable and outstanding.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 718<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (c)(1)(iii)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480429/718-10-50-2<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_SharebasedCompensationSharesAuthorizedUnderStockOptionPlansExercisePriceRangeExercisableOptionsWeightedAverageExercisePrice1</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dtr-types:perShareItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_SharebasedCompensationSharesAuthorizedUnderStockOptionPlansExercisePriceRangeOutstandingOptionsWeightedAverageExercisePriceBeginningBalance1">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The weighted average price as of the balance sheet date at which grantees could acquire the underlying shares with respect to all outstanding stock options which are in the customized range of exercise prices.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Topic 718<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (c)(1)(ii)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480429/718-10-50-2<br><br>Reference 2: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Topic 718<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (c)(1)(i)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480429/718-10-50-2<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_SharebasedCompensationSharesAuthorizedUnderStockOptionPlansExercisePriceRangeOutstandingOptionsWeightedAverageExercisePriceBeginningBalance1</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dtr-types:perShareItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_SharebasedCompensationSharesAuthorizedUnderStockOptionPlansExercisePriceRangeOutstandingOptionsWeightedAverageRemainingContractualTerm2">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Weighted average remaining contractual term of outstanding stock options, in 'PnYnMnDTnHnMnS' format, for example, 'P1Y5M13D' represents the reported fact of one year, five months, and thirteen days.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Topic 718<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Subparagraph (e)(1)<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Section 50<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480429/718-10-50-2<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_SharebasedCompensationSharesAuthorizedUnderStockOptionPlansExercisePriceRangeOutstandingOptionsWeightedAverageRemainingContractualTerm2</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:durationItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
</div>
</body>
</html>
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<DOCUMENT>
<TYPE>XML
<SEQUENCE>59
<FILENAME>R45.htm
<DESCRIPTION>IDEA: XBRL DOCUMENT
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<html>
<head>
<title></title>
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="include/report.css">
<script type="text/javascript" src="Show.js">/* Do Not Remove This Comment */</script><script type="text/javascript">
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<span style="display: none;">v3.25.2</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="id2">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="2"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>SCHEDULE OF WARRANT TRANSACTIONS (Details) - $ / shares<br></strong></div></th>
<th class="th" colspan="2">12 Months Ended</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="th"><div>Dec. 31, 2024</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Dec. 31, 2023</div></th>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DisclosureOfCompensationRelatedCostsSharebasedPaymentsAbstract', window );"><strong>Share-Based Payment Arrangement [Abstract]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardNonOptionEquityInstrumentsOutstandingNumber', window );">Shares, Outstanding at Beginning of Year</a></td>
<td class="nump">631,737<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">779,208<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_IVDA_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardNonOptionsOutstandingWeightedAverageExercisePrice', window );">Weighted-Average Exercise Price, Outstanding at Beginning of Year</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 75.34<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 21.28<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardNonOptionEquityInstrumentsGranted', window );">Shares, Granted</a></td>
<td class="nump">1,296,876<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">1,406<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_IVDA_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardNonOptionsGrantedWeightedAverageExercisePrice', window );">Weighted-Average Exercise Price, Granted</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 3.47<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 5.72<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardNonOptionEquityInstrumentsExercised', window );">Shares, Exercised</a></td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(118,238)<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_IVDA_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardNonOptionsExercisedWeightedAverageExercisePrice', window );">Weighted-Average Exercise Price, Exercised</a></td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 11.20<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardNonOptionEquityInstrumentsForfeitures', window );">Shares, Forfeited or Canceled</a></td>
<td class="num">(46,537)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(30,639)<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_IVDA_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardNonOptionsForfeitedCancelledWeightedAverageExercisePrice', window );">Weighted-Average Exercise Price, Forfeited or Canceled</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 24.23<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 26.74<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardNonOptionEquityInstrumentsOutstandingNumber', window );">Shares, Outstanding at End of Year</a></td>
<td class="nump">1,882,076<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">631,737<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_IVDA_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardNonOptionsOutstandingWeightedAverageExercisePrice', window );">Weighted-Average Exercise Price, Outstanding at End of Year</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 2.84<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 75.34<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_IVDA_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardNonOptionEquityInstrumentsExercisableNumber', window );">Shares, Options Exercisable at End of Year</a></td>
<td class="nump">585,200<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">631,737<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_IVDA_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardNonOptionsExercisableWeightedAverageExercisePrice', window );">Weighted-Average Exercise Price, Options Exercisable at End of Year</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 2.84<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 75.34<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsGrantsInPeriodWeightedAverageGrantDateFairValue', window );">Weighted-Average Fair Value of Options Granted During the Period</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 0.25<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 0.24<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<div style="display: none;">
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_IVDA_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardNonOptionEquityInstrumentsExercisableNumber">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Non option equity instruments exercisable number.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">IVDA_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardNonOptionEquityInstrumentsExercisableNumber</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>IVDA_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:sharesItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_IVDA_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardNonOptionsExercisableWeightedAverageExercisePrice">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Share Based Compensation Arrangement By Share Based Payment Award Non Options Outstanding Weighted Average ExercisePrice.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">IVDA_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardNonOptionsExercisableWeightedAverageExercisePrice</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>IVDA_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dtr-types:perShareItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_IVDA_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardNonOptionsExercisedWeightedAverageExercisePrice">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Share based compensation arrangement by share based payment award non options exercised weighted average exercise price.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">IVDA_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardNonOptionsExercisedWeightedAverageExercisePrice</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>IVDA_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dtr-types:perShareItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_IVDA_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardNonOptionsForfeitedCancelledWeightedAverageExercisePrice">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Share Based Compensation Arrangement By Share Based Payment Award Non Options Outstanding, forfeited.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">IVDA_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardNonOptionsForfeitedCancelledWeightedAverageExercisePrice</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>IVDA_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dtr-types:perShareItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_IVDA_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardNonOptionsGrantedWeightedAverageExercisePrice">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Share Based Compensation Arrangement By Share Based Payment Award Non Options Outstanding, Granted.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">IVDA_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardNonOptionsGrantedWeightedAverageExercisePrice</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>IVDA_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dtr-types:perShareItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_IVDA_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardNonOptionsOutstandingWeightedAverageExercisePrice">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Share Based Compensation Arrangement By Share Based Payment Award Non Options OutstandingWeighted Average ExercisePrice.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">IVDA_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardNonOptionsOutstandingWeightedAverageExercisePrice</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>IVDA_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dtr-types:perShareItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_DisclosureOfCompensationRelatedCostsSharebasedPaymentsAbstract">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_DisclosureOfCompensationRelatedCostsSharebasedPaymentsAbstract</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:stringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsGrantsInPeriodWeightedAverageGrantDateFairValue">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The weighted average fair value at grant date for nonvested equity-based awards issued during the period on other than stock (or unit) option plans (for example, phantom stock or unit plan, stock or unit appreciation rights plan, performance target plan).</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 718<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (c)(2)(iii)(01)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480429/718-10-50-2<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsGrantsInPeriodWeightedAverageGrantDateFairValue</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dtr-types:perShareItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardNonOptionEquityInstrumentsExercised">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Number of non-option equity instruments exercised by participants.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (c)(1)(iv)(02)<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Topic 718<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480429/718-10-50-2<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardNonOptionEquityInstrumentsExercised</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:sharesItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardNonOptionEquityInstrumentsForfeitures">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Number of shares under non-option equity instrument agreements that were cancelled as a result of occurrence of a terminating event.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Topic 718<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (c)(1)(iv)(03)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480429/718-10-50-2<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardNonOptionEquityInstrumentsForfeitures</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:sharesItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardNonOptionEquityInstrumentsGranted">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Net number of non-option equity instruments granted to participants.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (c)(1)(iv)(01)<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Topic 718<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480429/718-10-50-2<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardNonOptionEquityInstrumentsGranted</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:sharesItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardNonOptionEquityInstrumentsOutstandingNumber">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Number of equity instruments other than options outstanding, including both vested and non-vested instruments.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Topic 718<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (c)(1)(ii)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480429/718-10-50-2<br><br>Reference 2: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Topic 718<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (c)(1)(i)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480429/718-10-50-2<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardNonOptionEquityInstrumentsOutstandingNumber</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:sharesItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
</div>
</body>
</html>
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<head>
<title></title>
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="include/report.css">
<script type="text/javascript" src="Show.js">/* Do Not Remove This Comment */</script><script type="text/javascript">
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<span style="display: none;">v3.25.2</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="id2">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="2"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>SUMMARY OF WARRANTS OUTSTANDING AND EXERCISABLE (Details) - $ / shares<br></strong></div></th>
<th class="th" colspan="1">12 Months Ended</th>
<th class="th" colspan="1"></th>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="th"><div>Dec. 31, 2024</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Dec. 31, 2023</div></th>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardLineItems', window );"><strong>Share-Based Compensation Arrangement by Share-Based Payment Award [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ClassOfWarrantOrRightExercisePriceOfWarrantsOrRights1', window );">Range of Exercise Prices</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 3.44<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_IVDA_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardNonOptionEquityInstrumentsExercisableNumber', window );">Warrants Exercisable</a></td>
<td class="nump">585,200<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">631,737<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_AwardTypeAxis=us-gaap_WarrantMember', window );">Warrant [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardLineItems', window );"><strong>Share-Based Compensation Arrangement by Share-Based Payment Award [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ClassOfWarrantOrRightOutstanding', window );">Warrants Outstanding</a></td>
<td class="nump">1,882,076<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_IVDA_WarrantsOutstandingWeightedAverageRemainingContractualTerm', window );">Warrants Outstanding, Weighted-Average Remaining Contractual Life</a></td>
<td class="text">2 years 3 months 18 days<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_IVDA_WarrantsOutstandingWeightedAverageExercisePriceValue', window );">Weighted-Average Exercise Price</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 3.47<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_IVDA_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardNonOptionEquityInstrumentsExercisableNumber', window );">Warrants Exercisable</a></td>
<td class="nump">585,200<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_IVDA_WarrantsExercisableWeightedAverageExercisePriceValue', window );">Warrants Exercisable, Weighted-Average Exercise Price</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 22.59<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_srt_RangeAxis=srt_MinimumMember', window );">Minimum [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardLineItems', window );"><strong>Share-Based Compensation Arrangement by Share-Based Payment Award [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ClassOfWarrantOrRightExercisePriceOfWarrantsOrRights1', window );">Range of Exercise Prices</a></td>
<td class="nump">3.44<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_srt_RangeAxis=srt_MaximumMember', window );">Maximum [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardLineItems', window );"><strong>Share-Based Compensation Arrangement by Share-Based Payment Award [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ClassOfWarrantOrRightExercisePriceOfWarrantsOrRights1', window );">Range of Exercise Prices</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 85.12<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<div style="display: none;">
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_IVDA_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardNonOptionEquityInstrumentsExercisableNumber">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Non option equity instruments exercisable number.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">IVDA_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardNonOptionEquityInstrumentsExercisableNumber</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>IVDA_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:sharesItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
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<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Warrants exercisable weighted average exercise price value</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">IVDA_WarrantsExercisableWeightedAverageExercisePriceValue</td>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Warrants outstanding weighted average exercise price value</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">IVDA_WarrantsOutstandingWeightedAverageExercisePriceValue</td>
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<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Warrants outstanding weighted average remaining contractual term.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">IVDA_WarrantsOutstandingWeightedAverageRemainingContractualTerm</td>
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<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Exercise price per share or per unit of warrants or rights outstanding.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 505<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 3<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147481112/505-10-50-3<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_ClassOfWarrantOrRightOutstanding">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Number of warrants or rights outstanding.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ClassOfWarrantOrRightOutstanding</td>
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<td>us-gaap_</td>
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<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:sharesItemType</td>
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<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardLineItems">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Line items represent financial concepts included in a table. These concepts are used to disclose reportable information associated with domain members defined in one or many axes to the table.</p></div>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
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<span style="display: none;">v3.25.2</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="id2">
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<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="2"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>STOCK OPTION PLAN AND WARRANTS (Details Narrative) - USD ($)<br></strong></div></th>
<th class="th" colspan="1">1 Months Ended</th>
<th class="th" colspan="2">12 Months Ended</th>
<th class="th" colspan="1"></th>
<th class="th" colspan="1"></th>
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<th class="th"><div>Sep. 30, 2024</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Dec. 31, 2024</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Dec. 31, 2023</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Dec. 31, 2022</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Dec. 15, 2020</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Dec. 31, 2012</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Dec. 31, 2011</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Jan. 18, 2010</div></th>
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<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingNumber', window );">Options outstanding</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">217,056<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">162,625<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">126,805<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesNewIssues', window );">Share issuable</a></td>
<td class="nump">625,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_EmployeeServiceShareBasedCompensationNonvestedAwardsTotalCompensationCostNotYetRecognized', window );">Unrecognized stock- based compensation</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 32,800<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsGrantsInPeriod', window );">Shares granted</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">79,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">37,188<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsGrantsInPeriodWeightedAverageGrantDateFairValue', window );">Fair value</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 1.10<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 0.34<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensation', window );">Stock option compensation</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 122,600<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 104,600<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_IVDA_StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesStockWarrantsExercised', window );">Exercised warrants, shares</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">118,238<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_IVDA_StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesStockWarrantsToAcquire', window );">Acquire shares</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">118,238<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ProceedsFromIssuanceOfWarrants', window );">Net proceeds</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 1,322,885<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_PlanNameAxis=IVDA_TwoThousandTenStockOptionPlanMember', window );">2010 Stock Option Plan [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardLineItems', window );"><strong>Share-Based Compensation Arrangement by Share-Based Payment Award [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardNumberOfSharesAuthorized', window );">Number of shares authorized under plan</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">203,125<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">375,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">15,625<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingNumber', window );">Options outstanding</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">23,659<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_PlanNameAxis=IVDA_TwoThousandTwentyPlanMember', window );">2020 Plan [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardLineItems', window );"><strong>Share-Based Compensation Arrangement by Share-Based Payment Award [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingNumber', window );">Options outstanding</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">193,397<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesNewIssues', window );">Share issuable</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">656,250<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_PlanNameAxis=IVDA_TwoThousandTwentyPlanMember', window );">2020 Plan [Member] | Maximum [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardLineItems', window );"><strong>Share-Based Compensation Arrangement by Share-Based Payment Award [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardNumberOfSharesAuthorized', window );">Number of shares authorized under plan</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">156,250<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_PlanNameAxis=IVDA_StockOptionPlanMember', window );">Stock Option Plan [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardLineItems', window );"><strong>Share-Based Compensation Arrangement by Share-Based Payment Award [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingNumber', window );">Options outstanding</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">217,056<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">162,265<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<div style="display: none;">
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_IVDA_StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesStockWarrantsExercised">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Stock Issued During Period Shares Stock Warrants Exercised.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">IVDA_StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesStockWarrantsExercised</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>IVDA_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:sharesItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_IVDA_StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesStockWarrantsToAcquire">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Warrants to acquire</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">IVDA_StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesStockWarrantsToAcquire</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>IVDA_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:sharesItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_EmployeeServiceShareBasedCompensationNonvestedAwardsTotalCompensationCostNotYetRecognized">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of cost not yet recognized for nonvested award under share-based payment arrangement.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 718<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (i)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480429/718-10-50-2<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_EmployeeServiceShareBasedCompensationNonvestedAwardsTotalCompensationCostNotYetRecognized</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_ProceedsFromIssuanceOfWarrants">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The cash inflow from issuance of rights to purchase common shares at predetermined price (usually issued together with corporate debt).</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 14<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Topic 230<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482740/230-10-45-14<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ProceedsFromIssuanceOfWarrants</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensation">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of noncash expense for share-based payment arrangement.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 28<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Topic 230<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482740/230-10-45-28<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensation</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
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<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Line items represent financial concepts included in a table. These concepts are used to disclose reportable information associated with domain members defined in one or many axes to the table.</p></div>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardLineItems</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:stringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardNumberOfSharesAuthorized">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Number of shares authorized for issuance under share-based payment arrangement.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/exampleRef<br> -Topic 718<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (a)(3)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480429/718-10-50-2<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardNumberOfSharesAuthorized</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:sharesItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsGrantsInPeriod">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Net number of share options (or share units) granted during the period.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Topic 718<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (c)(1)(iv)(01)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480429/718-10-50-2<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsGrantsInPeriod</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:sharesItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsGrantsInPeriodWeightedAverageGrantDateFairValue">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The weighted average grant-date fair value of options granted during the reporting period as calculated by applying the disclosed option pricing methodology.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 718<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (d)(1)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480429/718-10-50-2<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsGrantsInPeriodWeightedAverageGrantDateFairValue</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dtr-types:perShareItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
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<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Number of options outstanding, including both vested and non-vested options.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 718<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (c)(1)(i)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480429/718-10-50-2<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 718<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (c)(1)(ii)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480429/718-10-50-2<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingNumber</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:sharesItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
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<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Number of new stock issued during the period.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Topic 505<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147481112/505-10-50-2<br><br>Reference 2: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(28))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480566/210-10-S99-1<br><br>Reference 3: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(29))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480566/210-10-S99-1<br><br>Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 946<br> -SubTopic 505<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147478448/946-505-50-2<br><br>Reference 5: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 946<br> -SubTopic 220<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 3<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.6-09(4)(b))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147479134/946-220-S99-3<br><br>Reference 6: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 946<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 3<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.6-03(i)(1))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147479886/946-10-S99-3<br><br>Reference 7: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Topic 505<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.3-04)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480008/505-10-S99-1<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesNewIssues</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:sharesItemType</td>
</tr>
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<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
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<head>
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<span style="display: none;">v3.25.2</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="id2">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="2"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>SCHEDULE OF EFFECTIVE TAX RATE (Details)<br></strong></div></th>
<th class="th" colspan="2">12 Months Ended</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="th"><div>Dec. 31, 2024</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Dec. 31, 2023</div></th>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_IncomeTaxDisclosureAbstract', window );"><strong>Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_EffectiveIncomeTaxRateReconciliationAtFederalStatutoryIncomeTaxRate', window );">Income tax benefit at federal statutory rate</a></td>
<td class="num">(21.00%)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(21.00%)<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_EffectiveIncomeTaxRateReconciliationStateAndLocalIncomeTaxes', window );">State income tax benefit, net of federal benefit</a></td>
<td class="num">(5.00%)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(5.00%)<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_EffectiveIncomeTaxRateReconciliationChangeInDeferredTaxAssetsValuationAllowance', window );">Change in valuation allowance</a></td>
<td class="nump">26.00%<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">26.00%<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_EffectiveIncomeTaxRateContinuingOperations', window );">Income taxes at effective rate</a></td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<div style="display: none;">
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_EffectiveIncomeTaxRateContinuingOperations">
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<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Percentage of current income tax expense (benefit) and deferred income tax expense (benefit) pertaining to continuing operations.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 740<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 12<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482685/740-10-50-12<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/exampleRef<br> -Topic 740<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 55<br> -Paragraph 231<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482663/740-10-55-231<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_EffectiveIncomeTaxRateContinuingOperations</td>
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<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Percentage of domestic federal statutory tax rate applicable to pretax income (loss).</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 740<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 12<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482685/740-10-50-12<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/exampleRef<br> -Topic 740<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 55<br> -Paragraph 231<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482663/740-10-55-231<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 740<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SAB Topic 6.I.1.Q1)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147479360/740-10-S99-1<br><br>Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 235<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.4-08(h)(2))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480678/235-10-S99-1<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Percentage of the difference between reported income tax expense (benefit) and expected income tax expense (benefit) computed by applying the domestic federal statutory income tax rates to pretax income (loss) from continuing operations attributable to changes in the valuation allowance for deferred tax assets.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/exampleRef<br> -Topic 740<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 55<br> -Paragraph 231<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482663/740-10-55-231<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 740<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 12A<br> -Subparagraph (a)(6)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482685/740-10-50-12A<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Topic 740<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 12<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482685/740-10-50-12<br><br>Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Topic 235<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.4-08(h)(2))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480678/235-10-S99-1<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_EffectiveIncomeTaxRateReconciliationChangeInDeferredTaxAssetsValuationAllowance</td>
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<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Percentage of the difference between reported income tax expense (benefit) and expected income tax expense (benefit) computed by applying the domestic federal statutory income tax rates to pretax income (loss) from continuing operations applicable to state and local income tax expense (benefit), net of federal tax expense (benefit).</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/exampleRef<br> -Topic 740<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 55<br> -Paragraph 231<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482663/740-10-55-231<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 740<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 12A<br> -Subparagraph (a)(1)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482685/740-10-50-12A<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Topic 740<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 12<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482685/740-10-50-12<br><br>Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Topic 235<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.4-08(h)(2))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480678/235-10-S99-1<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
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<head>
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<span style="display: none;">v3.25.2</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="id2">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="1"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>SCHEDULE OF DEFERRED TAX ASSETS AND LIABILITIES (Details) - USD ($)<br></strong></div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Dec. 31, 2024</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Dec. 31, 2023</div></th>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_IncomeTaxDisclosureAbstract', window );"><strong>Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
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<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DeferredTaxAssetsOperatingLossCarryforwardsDomestic', window );">Tax Operating Loss Carryforward</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 9,900,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 7,800,000<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_IVDA_UnamortizedResearchAndDevelopmentCosts', window );">Unamortized Research and Development Costs</a></td>
<td class="nump">207,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">175,000<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
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<td class="num">(10,107,000)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(7,975,000)<span></span>
</td>
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<tr class="reu">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DeferredTaxAssetsLiabilitiesNet', window );">Deferred Tax Assets, Net</a></td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<div style="display: none;">
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Unamortized research and development costs</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
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<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>IVDA_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_DeferredTaxAssetsLiabilitiesNet">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount, after allocation of valuation allowances and deferred tax liability, of deferred tax asset attributable to deductible differences and carryforwards, without jurisdictional netting.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Topic 740<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482685/740-10-50-2<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_DeferredTaxAssetsLiabilitiesNet</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_DeferredTaxAssetsOperatingLossCarryforwardsDomestic">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount before allocation of valuation allowances of deferred tax asset attributable to deductible domestic operating loss carryforwards. Excludes state and local operating loss carryforwards.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Topic 740<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 6<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482685/740-10-50-6<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_DeferredTaxAssetsOperatingLossCarryforwardsDomestic</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
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</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_DeferredTaxAssetsValuationAllowance">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of deferred tax assets for which it is more likely than not that a tax benefit will not be realized.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 740<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (c)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482685/740-10-50-2<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_DeferredTaxAssetsValuationAllowance</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
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</div></td></tr>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_IncomeTaxDisclosureAbstract">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_IncomeTaxDisclosureAbstract</td>
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<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
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<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:stringItemType</td>
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<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
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<span style="display: none;">v3.25.2</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="id2">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="2"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>INCOME TAXES (Details Narrative)<br> $ in Millions</strong></div></th>
<th class="th" colspan="1">12 Months Ended</th>
</tr>
<tr><th class="th">
<div>Dec. 31, 2024 </div>
<div>USD ($)</div>
</th></tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_EffectiveIncomeTaxRateReconciliationLineItems', window );"><strong>Effective Income Tax Rate Reconciliation [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_IVDA_GovernmentCorporateTaxRate', window );">Corporate tax rate</a></td>
<td class="text">Sole-Vision
Technologies, Inc. is a subsidiary of the Company which is operating in Taiwan as a profit-seeking enterprise. Its applicable corporate
income tax rate is 20%. In addition, Taiwan&#8217;s corporate tax system allows the government to levy a 10% profit retention tax on
undistributed earnings for the prior year. This tax will not be provided if the company distributed the earnings before the ended of
the fiscal year<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_StatementBusinessSegmentsAxis=IVDA_UsBasedSegmentMember', window );">U.S. - Based Segment [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_EffectiveIncomeTaxRateReconciliationLineItems', window );"><strong>Effective Income Tax Rate Reconciliation [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_OperatingLossCarryforwardsValuationAllowance', window );">Valuation allowance increased</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 0.8<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_IncomeTaxAuthorityAxis=us-gaap_DomesticCountryMember', window );">Domestic Tax Jurisdiction [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_EffectiveIncomeTaxRateReconciliationLineItems', window );"><strong>Effective Income Tax Rate Reconciliation [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_OperatingLossCarryforwards', window );">Operating loss carryforwards</a></td>
<td class="nump">38.0<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_IncomeTaxAuthorityAxis=us-gaap_ForeignCountryMember', window );">Foreign Tax Jurisdiction [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_EffectiveIncomeTaxRateReconciliationLineItems', window );"><strong>Effective Income Tax Rate Reconciliation [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_OperatingLossCarryforwards', window );">Operating loss carryforwards</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 12.0<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
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<div style="display: none;">
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_IVDA_GovernmentCorporateTaxRate">
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<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Government corporate tax rate</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">IVDA_GovernmentCorporateTaxRate</td>
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<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>IVDA_</td>
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<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:stringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
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<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
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</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_EffectiveIncomeTaxRateReconciliationLineItems">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Line items represent financial concepts included in a table. These concepts are used to disclose reportable information associated with domain members defined in one or many axes to the table.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 740<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 12<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482685/740-10-50-12<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/exampleRef<br> -Topic 740<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 55<br> -Paragraph 231<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482663/740-10-55-231<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 740<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 12<br> -Subparagraph (b)(2)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482685/740-10-50-12<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_EffectiveIncomeTaxRateReconciliationLineItems</td>
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<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of operating loss carryforward, before tax effects, available to reduce future taxable income under enacted tax laws.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 740<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 3<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482685/740-10-50-3<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_OperatingLossCarryforwards</td>
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<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
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<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
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<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
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<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The portion of the valuation allowance pertaining to the deferred tax asset representing potential future taxable deductions from net operating loss carryforwards for which it is more likely than not that a tax benefit will not be realized.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Topic 740<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (c)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482685/740-10-50-2<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
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<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_StatementBusinessSegmentsAxis=IVDA_UsBasedSegmentMember</td>
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<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
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<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_IncomeTaxAuthorityAxis=us-gaap_ForeignCountryMember</td>
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<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
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<span style="display: none;">v3.25.2</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="id2">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="2"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>SCHEDULE OF EARNINGS PER SHARE BASIC AND DILUTED (Details) - USD ($)<br></strong></div></th>
<th class="th" colspan="2">12 Months Ended</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="th"><div>Dec. 31, 2024</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Dec. 31, 2023</div></th>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_EarningsPerShareBasicAbstract', window );"><strong>Basic EPS</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ProfitLoss', window );">Net Loss</a></td>
<td class="num">$ (3,980,820)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">$ (4,142,666)<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_IVDA_WeightedAverageSharesOutstandingBasic', window );">Weighted Average Shares</a></td>
<td class="nump">2,203,893<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">1,996,678<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_EarningsPerShareBasic', window );">Basic Loss Per Share</a></td>
<td class="num">$ (1.81)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">$ (2.07)<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<div style="display: none;">
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_IVDA_WeightedAverageSharesOutstandingBasic">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Weighted average shares outstanding basic.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">IVDA_WeightedAverageSharesOutstandingBasic</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>IVDA_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:sharesItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_EarningsPerShareBasic">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The amount of net income (loss) for the period per each share of common stock or unit outstanding during the reporting period.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 250<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 6<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147483443/250-10-50-6<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/exampleRef<br> -Topic 260<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 55<br> -Paragraph 52<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482635/260-10-55-52<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 805<br> -SubTopic 60<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 65<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (g)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147476176/805-60-65-1<br><br>Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 740<br> -SubTopic 323<br> -Name 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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_EarningsPerShareBasic</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dtr-types:perShareItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_EarningsPerShareBasicAbstract">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_EarningsPerShareBasicAbstract</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:stringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_ProfitLoss">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The consolidated profit or loss for the period, net of income taxes, including the portion attributable to the noncontrolling interest.</p></div>
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Codification<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482740/230-10-45-2<br><br>Reference 36: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 810<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 1A<br> -Subparagraph (a)(1)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147481203/810-10-50-1A<br><br>Reference 37: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 810<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 1A<br> -Subparagraph (c)(1)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147481203/810-10-50-1A<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
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<span style="display: none;">v3.25.2</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="id2">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="2"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>SCHEDULE OF BASIC AND DILUTED LOSS PER SHARES SECURITIES (Details) - shares<br></strong></div></th>
<th class="th" colspan="2">12 Months Ended</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="th"><div>Dec. 31, 2024</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Dec. 31, 2023</div></th>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_AntidilutiveSecuritiesExcludedFromComputationOfEarningsPerShareLineItems', window );"><strong>Antidilutive Securities Excluded from Computation of Earnings Per Share [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_AntidilutiveSecuritiesExcludedFromComputationOfEarningsPerShareAmount', window );">Total</a></td>
<td class="nump">2,099,092<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">794,362<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_AntidilutiveSecuritiesExcludedFromComputationOfEarningsPerShareByAntidilutiveSecuritiesAxis=us-gaap_WarrantMember', window );">Warrant [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_AntidilutiveSecuritiesExcludedFromComputationOfEarningsPerShareLineItems', window );"><strong>Antidilutive Securities Excluded from Computation of Earnings Per Share [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_AntidilutiveSecuritiesExcludedFromComputationOfEarningsPerShareAmount', window );">Total</a></td>
<td class="nump">1,882,076<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">631,737<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_AntidilutiveSecuritiesExcludedFromComputationOfEarningsPerShareByAntidilutiveSecuritiesAxis=us-gaap_EmployeeStockOptionMember', window );">Share-Based Payment Arrangement, Option [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_AntidilutiveSecuritiesExcludedFromComputationOfEarningsPerShareLineItems', window );"><strong>Antidilutive Securities Excluded from Computation of Earnings Per Share [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_AntidilutiveSecuritiesExcludedFromComputationOfEarningsPerShareAmount', window );">Total</a></td>
<td class="nump">217,016<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">162,625<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<div style="display: none;">
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Securities (including those issuable pursuant to contingent stock agreements) that could potentially dilute basic earnings per share (EPS) or earnings per unit (EPU) in the future that were not included in the computation of diluted EPS or EPU because to do so would increase EPS or EPU amounts or decrease loss per share or unit amounts for the period presented.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 260<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (c)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482662/260-10-50-1<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_AntidilutiveSecuritiesExcludedFromComputationOfEarningsPerShareAmount</td>
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<td>na</td>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Line items represent financial concepts included in a table. These concepts are used to disclose reportable information associated with domain members defined in one or many axes to the table.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
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<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_AntidilutiveSecuritiesExcludedFromComputationOfEarningsPerShareByAntidilutiveSecuritiesAxis=us-gaap_EmployeeStockOptionMember</td>
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<span style="display: none;">v3.25.2</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="id2">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="2"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>CONTINGENT LIABILITIES (Details Narrative) - USD ($)<br></strong></div></th>
<th class="th" colspan="1"></th>
<th class="th" colspan="1">12 Months Ended</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="th"><div>Sep. 13, 2024</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Dec. 31, 2024</div></th>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_LegalEntityAxis=IVDA_AegisCapitalCorpMember', window );">Aegis Capital Corp [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
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<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
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<tr class="ro">
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<td class="text">the Company alleging that it had breached the provisions of a
Placement Agency Agreement (PPA) dated June 24, 2024 and that the Company was required to pay the plaintiff placement agent fees as
a result of the Company&#8217;s September 4, 2024 direct offering of $2.15 million with H. C. Wainwright. The Company rejects
the Plaintiff&#8217;s claims that it is due the 7% plus expenses in the PPA and asserts that the PAA had been terminated on August
15, 2024 due to the plaintiff&#8217;s non-performance and that the plaintiff is not entitled to any fees in the offering since it
raised none of the funds in the offering. The action is currently in the discovery stage and the Company intends to vigorously
defend the action.<span></span>
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<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
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<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
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<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
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<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ConcentrationRiskCreditRiskFinancialInstrumentMaximumExposure', window );">Concentration Risk, Credit Risk, Financial Instrument, Maximum Exposure</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
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<td class="nump">$ 339,042<span></span>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Maximum amount of loss due to credit risk that, based on the gross fair value of the financial instrument, the entity would incur if parties to the financial instruments that make up the concentration failed completely to perform according to the terms of the contracts and the collateral or other security, if any, for the amount due proved to be of no value to the entity.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 825<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 21<br> -Subparagraph (b)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482907/825-10-50-21<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Identifies the plaintiff in the lawsuit.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Topic 450<br> -SubTopic 20<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 4<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147483076/450-20-50-4<br><br>Reference 2: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 450<br> -SubTopic 20<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147483076/450-20-50-1<br><br>Reference 3: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 450<br> -SubTopic 20<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 9<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147483076/450-20-50-9<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
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<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_LegalEntityAxis=IVDA_AegisCapitalCorpMember</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_LegalEntityAxis=IVDA_MegasysMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_LegalEntityAxis=IVDA_MegasysMember</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
</div>
</body>
</html>
</TEXT>
</DOCUMENT>
<DOCUMENT>
<TYPE>XML
<SEQUENCE>68
<FILENAME>R54.htm
<DESCRIPTION>IDEA: XBRL DOCUMENT
<TEXT>
<html>
<head>
<title></title>
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="include/report.css">
<script type="text/javascript" src="Show.js">/* Do Not Remove This Comment */</script><script type="text/javascript">
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<span style="display: none;">v3.25.2</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="id2">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="2"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>SCHEDULE OF SEGMENT INFORMATION (Details) - USD ($)<br></strong></div></th>
<th class="th" colspan="2">12 Months Ended</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="th"><div>Dec. 31, 2024</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Dec. 31, 2023</div></th>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_RevenuesFromExternalCustomersAndLongLivedAssetsLineItems', window );"><strong>Revenues from External Customers and Long-Lived Assets [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_RevenueFromContractWithCustomerExcludingAssessedTax', window );">Revenues</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 6,020,639<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 6,495,865<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_CostOfRevenue', window );">Cost of Goods Sold</a></td>
<td class="nump">4,719,005<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">5,428,261<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_GrossProfit', window );">Gross Profit</a></td>
<td class="nump">1,301,634<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">1,067,604<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_OperatingExpensesAbstract', window );"><strong>Operating Expenses</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_IVDA_SalariesAndPayrollExpenses', window );">Salaries and Payroll Expenses</a></td>
<td class="nump">1,667,330<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">1,756,364<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_IVDA_Pension', window );">Pension</a></td>
<td class="nump">21,832<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">20,518<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_TravelAndEntertainmentExpense', window );">Travel and Entertainment</a></td>
<td class="nump">552,123<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">640,815<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensation', window );">Stock-based compensation</a></td>
<td class="nump">122,600<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">104,600<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_MarketingExpense', window );">Marketing</a></td>
<td class="nump">757,736<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">332,852<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_IVDA_PublicCompanyExpenses', window );">Public Company expenses</a></td>
<td class="nump">520,966<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">354,215<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_IVDA_AuditAndAccounting', window );">Audit and Accounting</a></td>
<td class="nump">312,920<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">162,700<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_IVDA_ConsultingServices', window );">Consulting Services</a></td>
<td class="nump">412,962<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">367,148<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ResearchAndDevelopmentExpense', window );">Research and Development</a></td>
<td class="nump">363,350<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">797,112<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_IVDA_SoftwareSubscription', window );">Software Subscription</a></td>
<td class="nump">85,111<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">42,209<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_GeneralInsuranceExpense', window );">Insurance</a></td>
<td class="nump">60,873<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">57,851<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_IVDA_RentExpenses', window );">Rent</a></td>
<td class="nump">142,986<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">123,255<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_OtherLaborRelatedExpenses', window );">Office Supplies and Postage</a></td>
<td class="nump">34,276<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">25,813<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_OtherOperatingIncomeExpenseNet', window );">Other operating expenses</a></td>
<td class="nump">316,872<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">323,027<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_OperatingExpenses', window );">Total Operating Expenses</a></td>
<td class="nump">5,371,937<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">5,108,479<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_OperatingIncomeLoss', window );">Loss (Income) from Operations</a></td>
<td class="num">(4,070,303)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(4,040,875)<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_IVDA_InterestIncomeAndOtherExpensesNet', window );">Interest Income and Other (Expenses), net</a></td>
<td class="nump">121,868<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(83,483)<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_IncomeLossFromContinuingOperationsBeforeIncomeTaxesExtraordinaryItemsNoncontrollingInterest', window );">Net loss before Income Tax</a></td>
<td class="num">(3,948,435)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(4,124,358)<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_srt_StatementGeographicalAxis=country_US', window );">UNITED STATES</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_RevenuesFromExternalCustomersAndLongLivedAssetsLineItems', window );"><strong>Revenues from External Customers and Long-Lived Assets [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_RevenueFromContractWithCustomerExcludingAssessedTax', window );">Revenues</a></td>
<td class="nump">869,261<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">852,136<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_CostOfRevenue', window );">Cost of Goods Sold</a></td>
<td class="nump">615,010<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">932,868<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_GrossProfit', window );">Gross Profit</a></td>
<td class="nump">254,251<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(80,732)<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_OperatingExpensesAbstract', window );"><strong>Operating Expenses</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_IVDA_SalariesAndPayrollExpenses', window );">Salaries and Payroll Expenses</a></td>
<td class="nump">967,793<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">988,848<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_TravelAndEntertainmentExpense', window );">Travel and Entertainment</a></td>
<td class="nump">483,146<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">587,317<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensation', window );">Stock-based compensation</a></td>
<td class="nump">122,600<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">104,600<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_MarketingExpense', window );">Marketing</a></td>
<td class="nump">757,736<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">332,852<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_IVDA_PublicCompanyExpenses', window );">Public Company expenses</a></td>
<td class="nump">520,966<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">354,215<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_IVDA_AuditAndAccounting', window );">Audit and Accounting</a></td>
<td class="nump">312,920<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">162,700<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_IVDA_ConsultingServices', window );">Consulting Services</a></td>
<td class="nump">412,962<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">367,148<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ResearchAndDevelopmentExpense', window );">Research and Development</a></td>
<td class="nump">363,350<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">797,112<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_IVDA_SoftwareSubscription', window );">Software Subscription</a></td>
<td class="nump">85,111<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">42,209<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_GeneralInsuranceExpense', window );">Insurance</a></td>
<td class="nump">12,664<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">12,270<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_IVDA_RentExpenses', window );">Rent</a></td>
<td class="nump">101,731<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">83,002<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_OtherOperatingIncomeExpenseNet', window );">Other operating expenses</a></td>
<td class="nump">215,849<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">270,937<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_OperatingExpenses', window );">Total Operating Expenses</a></td>
<td class="nump">4,356,828<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">4,103,210<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_OperatingIncomeLoss', window );">Loss (Income) from Operations</a></td>
<td class="num">(4,102,577)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(4,183,943)<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_IVDA_InterestIncomeAndOtherExpensesNet', window );">Interest Income and Other (Expenses), net</a></td>
<td class="nump">95,330<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(84,452)<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_IncomeLossFromContinuingOperationsBeforeIncomeTaxesExtraordinaryItemsNoncontrollingInterest', window );">Net loss before Income Tax</a></td>
<td class="num">(4,007,247)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(4,268,395)<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_srt_StatementGeographicalAxis=country_TW', window );">TAIWAN</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_RevenuesFromExternalCustomersAndLongLivedAssetsLineItems', window );"><strong>Revenues from External Customers and Long-Lived Assets [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_RevenueFromContractWithCustomerExcludingAssessedTax', window );">Revenues</a></td>
<td class="nump">5,151,378<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">5,643,729<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_CostOfRevenue', window );">Cost of Goods Sold</a></td>
<td class="nump">4,103,995<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">4,495,393<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_GrossProfit', window );">Gross Profit</a></td>
<td class="nump">1,047,383<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">1,148,336<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_OperatingExpensesAbstract', window );"><strong>Operating Expenses</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_IVDA_SalariesAndPayrollExpenses', window );">Salaries and Payroll Expenses</a></td>
<td class="nump">699,537<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">767,516<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_IVDA_Pension', window );">Pension</a></td>
<td class="nump">21,832<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">20,518<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_TravelAndEntertainmentExpense', window );">Travel and Entertainment</a></td>
<td class="nump">68,977<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">53,498<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_GeneralInsuranceExpense', window );">Insurance</a></td>
<td class="nump">48,209<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">45,581<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_IVDA_RentExpenses', window );">Rent</a></td>
<td class="nump">41,255<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">40,253<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_OtherLaborRelatedExpenses', window );">Office Supplies and Postage</a></td>
<td class="nump">34,276<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">25,813<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_OtherOperatingIncomeExpenseNet', window );">Other operating expenses</a></td>
<td class="nump">101,023<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">52,090<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_OperatingExpenses', window );">Total Operating Expenses</a></td>
<td class="nump">1,015,109<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">1,005,269<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_OperatingIncomeLoss', window );">Loss (Income) from Operations</a></td>
<td class="nump">32,274<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">143,068<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_IVDA_InterestIncomeAndOtherExpensesNet', window );">Interest Income and Other (Expenses), net</a></td>
<td class="nump">26,538<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">969<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_IncomeLossFromContinuingOperationsBeforeIncomeTaxesExtraordinaryItemsNoncontrollingInterest', window );">Net loss before Income Tax</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 58,812<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 144,037<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<div style="display: none;">
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_IVDA_AuditAndAccounting">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Audit and accounting.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">IVDA_AuditAndAccounting</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>IVDA_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_IVDA_ConsultingServices">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Consulting services.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">IVDA_ConsultingServices</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>IVDA_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_IVDA_InterestIncomeAndOtherExpensesNet">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Interest income and other expenses net.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">IVDA_InterestIncomeAndOtherExpensesNet</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>IVDA_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_IVDA_Pension">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Pension.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">IVDA_Pension</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>IVDA_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_IVDA_PublicCompanyExpenses">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Public company expenses.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">IVDA_PublicCompanyExpenses</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>IVDA_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_IVDA_RentExpenses">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Rent expenses.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">IVDA_RentExpenses</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>IVDA_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_IVDA_SalariesAndPayrollExpenses">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Salaries and payroll expenses.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">IVDA_SalariesAndPayrollExpenses</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>IVDA_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_IVDA_SoftwareSubscription">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Software subscription.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">IVDA_SoftwareSubscription</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>IVDA_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_CostOfRevenue">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The aggregate cost of goods produced and sold and services rendered during the reporting period.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/exampleRef<br> -Topic 280<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 55<br> -Paragraph 48<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482785/280-10-55-48<br><br>Reference 2: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Topic 220<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-03(2))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147483621/220-10-S99-2<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 235<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.4-08(g)(1)(ii))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480678/235-10-S99-1<br><br>Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 323<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 3<br> -Subparagraph (c)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147481687/323-10-50-3<br><br>Reference 5: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 825<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 28<br> -Subparagraph (f)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482907/825-10-50-28<br><br>Reference 6: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 470<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1A<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.13-01(a)(4)(i))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480097/470-10-S99-1A<br><br>Reference 7: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Topic 470<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1A<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.13-01(a)(4)(ii))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480097/470-10-S99-1A<br><br>Reference 8: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 470<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1A<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.13-01(a)(4)(iii)(A))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480097/470-10-S99-1A<br><br>Reference 9: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 470<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1A<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.13-01(a)(4)(iv))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480097/470-10-S99-1A<br><br>Reference 10: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 470<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1A<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.13-01(a)(5))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480097/470-10-S99-1A<br><br>Reference 11: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 470<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1B<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.13-02(a)(4)(i))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480097/470-10-S99-1B<br><br>Reference 12: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 470<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1B<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.13-02(a)(4)(iii)(A))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480097/470-10-S99-1B<br><br>Reference 13: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 470<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1B<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.13-02(a)(4)(iii)(B))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480097/470-10-S99-1B<br><br>Reference 14: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 470<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1B<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.13-02(a)(4)(iv))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480097/470-10-S99-1B<br><br>Reference 15: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 470<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1B<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.13-02(a)(5))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480097/470-10-S99-1B<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_CostOfRevenue</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_GeneralInsuranceExpense">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The expense in the period incurred with respect to protection provided by insurance entities against risks other than risks associated with production (which are allocated to cost of sales).</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Topic 220<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-03(4))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147483621/220-10-S99-2<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_GeneralInsuranceExpense</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_GrossProfit">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Aggregate revenue less cost of goods and services sold or operating expenses directly attributable to the revenue generation activity.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Topic 280<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 22<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482810/280-10-50-22<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/exampleRef<br> -Topic 280<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 55<br> -Paragraph 48<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482785/280-10-55-48<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Topic 280<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 32<br> -Subparagraph (f)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482810/280-10-50-32<br><br>Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Topic 280<br> -SubTopic 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-Topic 323<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 3<br> -Subparagraph (c)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147481687/323-10-50-3<br><br>Reference 12: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 825<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 28<br> -Subparagraph (f)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482907/825-10-50-28<br><br>Reference 13: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 470<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1A<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.13-01(a)(4)(i))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480097/470-10-S99-1A<br><br>Reference 14: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Topic 470<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1A<br> -Subparagraph (SX 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http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 470<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1B<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.13-02(a)(4)(iv))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480097/470-10-S99-1B<br><br>Reference 22: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 470<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1B<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.13-02(a)(5))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480097/470-10-S99-1B<br><br>Reference 23: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/exampleRef<br> -Topic 280<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 31<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482810/280-10-50-31<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_GrossProfit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_IncomeLossFromContinuingOperationsBeforeIncomeTaxesExtraordinaryItemsNoncontrollingInterest">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of income (loss) from continuing operations, including income (loss) from equity method investments, before deduction of income tax expense (benefit), and income (loss) attributable to noncontrolling interest.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Topic 280<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 22<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482810/280-10-50-22<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/exampleRef<br> -Topic 280<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 55<br> -Paragraph 48<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482785/280-10-55-48<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Topic 280<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 32<br> -Subparagraph (f)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482810/280-10-50-32<br><br>Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Topic 280<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 30<br> -Subparagraph (b)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482810/280-10-50-30<br><br>Reference 5: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Topic 270<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (i)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482964/270-10-50-1<br><br>Reference 6: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Topic 280<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 32<br> -Subparagraph (ee)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482810/280-10-50-32<br><br>Reference 7: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/otherTransitionRef<br> -Topic 280<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 32<br> -Subparagraph (c)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482810/280-10-50-32<br><br>Reference 8: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 944<br> -SubTopic 220<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.7-04(11))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147477250/944-220-S99-1<br><br>Reference 9: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/exampleRef<br> -Topic 280<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 31<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482810/280-10-50-31<br><br>Reference 10: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 942<br> -SubTopic 235<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.9-05(b)(2))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147477314/942-235-S99-1<br><br>Reference 11: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Topic 220<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-03(10))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147483621/220-10-S99-2<br><br>Reference 12: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Topic 942<br> -SubTopic 220<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.9-04(15))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147478524/942-220-S99-1<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_IncomeLossFromContinuingOperationsBeforeIncomeTaxesExtraordinaryItemsNoncontrollingInterest</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_MarketingExpense">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Expenditures for planning and executing the conception, pricing, promotion, and distribution of ideas, goods, and services. Costs of public relations and corporate promotions are typically considered to be marketing costs.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Topic 220<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-03(4))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147483621/220-10-S99-2<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_MarketingExpense</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_OperatingExpenses">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Generally recurring costs associated with normal operations except for the portion of these expenses which can be clearly related to production and included in cost of sales or services. Includes selling, general and administrative expense.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_OperatingExpenses</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_OperatingExpensesAbstract">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_OperatingExpensesAbstract</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:stringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_OperatingIncomeLoss">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The net result for the period of deducting operating expenses from operating revenues.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Topic 280<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 22<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482810/280-10-50-22<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Topic 280<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 32<br> -Subparagraph (f)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482810/280-10-50-32<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Topic 280<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 30<br> -Subparagraph (b)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482810/280-10-50-30<br><br>Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Topic 270<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (i)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482964/270-10-50-1<br><br>Reference 5: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Topic 280<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 32<br> -Subparagraph (ee)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482810/280-10-50-32<br><br>Reference 6: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/otherTransitionRef<br> -Topic 280<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 32<br> -Subparagraph (c)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482810/280-10-50-32<br><br>Reference 7: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/exampleRef<br> -Topic 280<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 31<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482810/280-10-50-31<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_OperatingIncomeLoss</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_OtherLaborRelatedExpenses">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of labor-related expenses classified as other.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Topic 220<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-03(4))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147483621/220-10-S99-2<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_OtherLaborRelatedExpenses</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
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</div></td></tr>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_OtherOperatingIncomeExpenseNet">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The net amount of other operating income and expenses, the components of which are not separately disclosed on the income statement, from items that are associated with the entity's normal revenue producing operations.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_OtherOperatingIncomeExpenseNet</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_ResearchAndDevelopmentExpense">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of expense for research and development. Includes, but is not limited to, cost for computer software product to be sold, leased, or otherwise marketed and writeoff of research and development assets acquired in transaction other than business combination or joint venture formation or both. Excludes write-down of intangible asset acquired in business combination or from joint venture formation or both, used in research and development activity.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/exampleRef<br> -Topic 280<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 55<br> -Paragraph 48<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482785/280-10-55-48<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 985<br> -SubTopic 20<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147481283/985-20-50-2<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 730<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482916/730-10-50-1<br><br>Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Topic 912<br> -SubTopic 730<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 25<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147479532/912-730-25-1<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ResearchAndDevelopmentExpense</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_RevenueFromContractWithCustomerExcludingAssessedTax">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount, excluding tax collected from customer, of revenue from satisfaction of performance obligation by transferring promised good or service to customer. Tax collected from customer is tax assessed by governmental authority that is both imposed on and concurrent with specific revenue-producing transaction, including, but not limited to, sales, use, value added and excise.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 280<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 41<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482810/280-10-50-41<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 270<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (i)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482964/270-10-50-1<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 280<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 32<br> -Subparagraph (ee)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482810/280-10-50-32<br><br>Reference 4: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/otherTransitionRef<br> -Topic 280<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 32<br> -Subparagraph (b)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482810/280-10-50-32<br><br>Reference 5: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/otherTransitionRef<br> -Topic 280<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 32<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482810/280-10-50-32<br><br>Reference 6: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 924<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SAB Topic 11.L)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147479941/924-10-S99-1<br><br>Reference 7: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 606<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 5<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147479806/606-10-50-5<br><br>Reference 8: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 280<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 30<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482810/280-10-50-30<br><br>Reference 9: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 280<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 42<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482810/280-10-50-42<br><br>Reference 10: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 280<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 22<br> -Subparagraph (b)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482810/280-10-50-22<br><br>Reference 11: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 280<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 40<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482810/280-10-50-40<br><br>Reference 12: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 280<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 22<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482810/280-10-50-22<br><br>Reference 13: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 606<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 4<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147479806/606-10-50-4<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_RevenueFromContractWithCustomerExcludingAssessedTax</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_RevenuesFromExternalCustomersAndLongLivedAssetsLineItems">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Line items represent financial concepts included in a table. These concepts are used to disclose reportable information associated with domain members defined in one or many axes to the table.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_RevenuesFromExternalCustomersAndLongLivedAssetsLineItems</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
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<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:stringItemType</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensation">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of noncash expense for share-based payment arrangement.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 28<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Topic 230<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482740/230-10-45-28<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensation</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_TravelAndEntertainmentExpense">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Expenses incurred for travel and entertainment during the period.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Topic 220<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-03(4))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147483621/220-10-S99-2<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_TravelAndEntertainmentExpense</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
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<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">srt_StatementGeographicalAxis=country_US</td>
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<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_srt_StatementGeographicalAxis=country_TW">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">srt_StatementGeographicalAxis=country_TW</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
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<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
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<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
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<span style="display: none;">v3.25.2</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="id2">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="1"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>SCHEDULE OF NET ASSETS LIABILITIES BY GEOGRAPHIC REGIONS (Details) - USD ($)<br></strong></div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Dec. 31, 2024</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Dec. 31, 2023</div></th>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_RevenuesFromExternalCustomersAndLongLivedAssetsLineItems', window );"><strong>Revenues from External Customers and Long-Lived Assets [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_NoncurrentAssets', window );">Total Consolidated</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 2,505,439<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 4,648,480<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_srt_StatementGeographicalAxis=country_US', window );">UNITED STATES</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_RevenuesFromExternalCustomersAndLongLivedAssetsLineItems', window );"><strong>Revenues from External Customers and Long-Lived Assets [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_NoncurrentAssets', window );">Total Consolidated</a></td>
<td class="nump">1,775,554<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">3,741,367<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_srt_StatementGeographicalAxis=IVDA_RepublicOfChinaTaiwanMember', window );">Republic of China (Taiwan) [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_RevenuesFromExternalCustomersAndLongLivedAssetsLineItems', window );"><strong>Revenues from External Customers and Long-Lived Assets [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_NoncurrentAssets', window );">Total Consolidated</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 729,885<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 907,113<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<div style="display: none;">
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_NoncurrentAssets">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Long-lived assets other than financial instruments, long-term customer relationships of a financial institution, mortgage and other servicing rights, deferred policy acquisition costs, and deferred tax assets.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 280<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 41<br> -Subparagraph (b)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482810/280-10-50-41<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_NoncurrentAssets</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
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<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
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<td>instant</td>
</tr>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_RevenuesFromExternalCustomersAndLongLivedAssetsLineItems">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Line items represent financial concepts included in a table. These concepts are used to disclose reportable information associated with domain members defined in one or many axes to the table.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_RevenuesFromExternalCustomersAndLongLivedAssetsLineItems</td>
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<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
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<td>xbrli:stringItemType</td>
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<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">srt_StatementGeographicalAxis=country_US</td>
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<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">srt_StatementGeographicalAxis=IVDA_RepublicOfChinaTaiwanMember</td>
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<td>na</td>
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<tr>
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<DOCUMENT>
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<span style="display: none;">v3.25.2</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="id2">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="2" rowspan="2"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>SCHEDULE OF RESTATEMENTS OF BALANCE SHEETS (Details)<br></strong></div></th>
<th class="th" colspan="2">12 Months Ended</th>
<th class="th" colspan="1"></th>
<th class="th" colspan="1"></th>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="th">
<div>Dec. 31, 2024 </div>
<div>USD ($)</div>
</th>
<th class="th">
<div>Dec. 31, 2023 </div>
<div>USD ($)</div>
</th>
<th class="th">
<div>Dec. 31, 2024 </div>
<div>TWD ($)</div>
</th>
<th class="th">
<div>Dec. 31, 2023 </div>
<div>TWD ($)</div>
</th>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_NewAccountingPronouncementsOrChangeInAccountingPrincipleLineItems', window );"><strong>New Accounting Pronouncements or Change in Accounting Principle [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_OtherAssets', window );">Other Assets</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_AccountsPayableAndOtherAccruedLiabilitiesCurrent', window );">Accounts and Other Payables</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="num">$ (1,748,857)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(1,308,914)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentNet', window );">Property and Equipment, Net</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="nump">68,677<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">98,575<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentNet', window );">Property and Equipment, Net</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="num">(68,677)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(98,575)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_IVDA_JointVentureNoncontrolledEquityPortion', window );">Other Assets</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_CashAndCashEquivalentsAtCarryingValue', window );">Cash and Cash Equivalents</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="nump">2,629,287<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">4,738,504<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 1,025,675<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 1,959,399<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_AccumulatedOtherComprehensiveIncomeLossNetOfTax', window );">Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="num">(280,209)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(221,418)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_RetainedEarningsAccumulatedDeficit', window );">Accumulated Deficit</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="num">(53,176,717)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(49,195,897)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_GainLossOnInvestments', window );">Gain (Loss) on Investments</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">180,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis=IVDA_IvedaTaiwanMember', window );">Iveda Taiwan [Member]</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_NewAccountingPronouncementsOrChangeInAccountingPrincipleLineItems', window );"><strong>New Accounting Pronouncements or Change in Accounting Principle [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_OtherReceivablesNetCurrent', window );">Intercompany amount due</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="nump">$ 200,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_srt_RestatementAxis=srt_ScenarioPreviouslyReportedMember', window );">Previously Reported [Member]</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_NewAccountingPronouncementsOrChangeInAccountingPrincipleLineItems', window );"><strong>New Accounting Pronouncements or Change in Accounting Principle [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_OtherAssets', window );">Other Assets</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">444,723<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_AccountsPayableAndOtherAccruedLiabilitiesCurrent', window );">Accounts and Other Payables</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(1,110,087)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentNet', window );">Property and Equipment, Net</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">891,187<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentNet', window );">Property and Equipment, Net</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(891,187)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_IVDA_JointVentureNoncontrolledEquityPortion', window );">Other Assets</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">99,048<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_CashAndCashEquivalentsAtCarryingValue', window );">Cash and Cash Equivalents</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">4,754,597<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_AccumulatedOtherComprehensiveIncomeLossNetOfTax', window );">Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(222,380)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_RetainedEarningsAccumulatedDeficit', window );">Accumulated Deficit</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(47,941,796)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_GainLossOnInvestments', window );">Gain (Loss) on Investments</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_srt_RestatementAxis=srt_RevisionOfPriorPeriodReclassificationAdjustmentMember', window );">Revision of Prior Period, Reclassification, Adjustment [Member]</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_NewAccountingPronouncementsOrChangeInAccountingPrincipleLineItems', window );"><strong>New Accounting Pronouncements or Change in Accounting Principle [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_OtherAssets', window );">Other Assets</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup>[1]</sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(146,560)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_AccountsPayableAndOtherAccruedLiabilitiesCurrent', window );">Accounts and Other Payables</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup>[2]</sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(200,000)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentNet', window );">Property and Equipment, Net</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup>[3]</sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(792,612)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentNet', window );">Property and Equipment, Net</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup>[3]</sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">792,612<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_IVDA_JointVentureNoncontrolledEquityPortion', window );">Other Assets</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup>[4]</sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(99,048)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_CashAndCashEquivalentsAtCarryingValue', window );">Cash and Cash Equivalents</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup>[4]</sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(16,093)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_AccumulatedOtherComprehensiveIncomeLossNetOfTax', window );">Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup>[4]</sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(962)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_RetainedEarningsAccumulatedDeficit', window );">Accumulated Deficit</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup>[5]</sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(1,254,101)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_GainLossOnInvestments', window );">Gain (Loss) on Investments</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(180,000)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_srt_RestatementAxis=srt_RevisionOfPriorPeriodReclassificationAdjustmentMember', window );">Revision of Prior Period, Reclassification, Adjustment [Member] | Accounts Payable and Accrued Liabilities [Member]</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_NewAccountingPronouncementsOrChangeInAccountingPrincipleLineItems', window );"><strong>New Accounting Pronouncements or Change in Accounting Principle [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentNet', window );">Property and Equipment, Net</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">1,173<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentNet', window );">Property and Equipment, Net</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(1,173)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_srt_RestatementAxis=IVDA_RestatedMember', window );">Restated [Member]</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_NewAccountingPronouncementsOrChangeInAccountingPrincipleLineItems', window );"><strong>New Accounting Pronouncements or Change in Accounting Principle [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_OtherAssets', window );">Other Assets</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">298,163<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_AccountsPayableAndOtherAccruedLiabilitiesCurrent', window );">Accounts and Other Payables</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentNet', window );">Property and Equipment, Net</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">98,575<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentNet', window );">Property and Equipment, Net</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(98,575)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_IVDA_JointVentureNoncontrolledEquityPortion', window );">Other Assets</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_CashAndCashEquivalentsAtCarryingValue', window );">Cash and Cash Equivalents</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">4,738,504<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_AccumulatedOtherComprehensiveIncomeLossNetOfTax', window );">Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(221,418)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_RetainedEarningsAccumulatedDeficit', window );">Accumulated Deficit</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(49,195,897)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_GainLossOnInvestments', window );">Gain (Loss) on Investments</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(180,000)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_srt_RestatementAxis=IVDA_RestatedMember', window );">Restated [Member] | Accounts Payable and Accrued Liabilities [Member]</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_NewAccountingPronouncementsOrChangeInAccountingPrincipleLineItems', window );"><strong>New Accounting Pronouncements or Change in Accounting Principle [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentNet', window );">Property and Equipment, Net</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">1,308,914<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentNet', window );">Property and Equipment, Net</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">$ (1,308,914)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr><td colspan="5"></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="5"><table class="outerFootnotes" width="100%">
<tr class="outerFootnote">
<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 12pt;" valign="top">[1]</td>
<td style="vertical-align: top;" valign="top">Deferred Tax Asset eliminated from Other Assets</td>
</tr>
<tr class="outerFootnote">
<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 12pt;" valign="top">[2]</td>
<td style="vertical-align: top;" valign="top">The intercompany amount due to Iveda Taiwan was understated by $<span id="xdx_906_eus-gaap--OtherReceivablesNetCurrent_iI_c20241231__us-gaap--RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis__custom--IvedaTaiwanMember_zUrQufgG7xS3" title="Intercompany amount due">200,000</span> related to a payment made on behalf of Iveda US by Iveda Taiwan added back to Accounts and Other Payables</td>
</tr>
<tr class="outerFootnote">
<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 12pt;" valign="top">[3]</td>
<td style="vertical-align: top;" valign="top">2023 capitalized software expensed to Research and Development</td>
</tr>
<tr class="outerFootnote">
<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 12pt;" valign="top">[4]</td>
<td style="vertical-align: top;" valign="top">An adjustment for $<span id="xdx_908_eus-gaap--GainLossOnInvestments_iN_di_c20230101__20231231_zS2NXf66chn8">180,000</span> to expense its investment
in Iveda Phils JV originally recorded as a consolidation but we have determined this investment should have been recorded using the equity
method. On the balance sheet this effected Cash and Cash equivalents, Accounts and Other Payables, Joint Venture Non-Controlled Equity Portion, Accumulated
Other Comprehensive Income (Loss).</td>
</tr>
<tr class="outerFootnote">
<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 12pt;" valign="top">[5]</td>
<td style="vertical-align: top;" valign="top">Each of the above restatements effected Accumulated Deficit</td>
</tr>
</table></td></tr>
</table>
<div style="display: none;">
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_IVDA_JointVentureNoncontrolledEquityPortion">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Joint venture noncontrolled equity portion.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">IVDA_JointVentureNoncontrolledEquityPortion</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>IVDA_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_AccountsPayableAndOtherAccruedLiabilitiesCurrent">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of liabilities incurred to vendors for goods and services received, and accrued liabilities classified as other, payable within one year or the normal operating cycle, if longer.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_AccountsPayableAndOtherAccruedLiabilitiesCurrent</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_AccumulatedOtherComprehensiveIncomeLossNetOfTax">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount, after tax, of accumulated increase (decrease) in equity from transaction and other event and circumstance from nonowner source.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 220<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 14A<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482790/220-10-45-14A<br><br>Reference 2: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Topic 220<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 11<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482790/220-10-45-11<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 944<br> -SubTopic 40<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 65<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (g)(2)(ii)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480016/944-40-65-2<br><br>Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 944<br> -SubTopic 40<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 65<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (h)(2)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480016/944-40-65-2<br><br>Reference 5: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(30)(a)(4))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480566/210-10-S99-1<br><br>Reference 6: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 944<br> -SubTopic 210<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.7-03(a)(23)(a)(3))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147478777/944-210-S99-1<br><br>Reference 7: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 220<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 14<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482790/220-10-45-14<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_AccumulatedOtherComprehensiveIncomeLossNetOfTax</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_CashAndCashEquivalentsAtCarryingValue">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of currency on hand as well as demand deposits with banks or financial institutions. Includes other kinds of accounts that have the general characteristics of demand deposits. Also includes short-term, highly liquid investments that are both readily convertible to known amounts of cash and so near their maturity that they present insignificant risk of changes in value because of changes in interest rates. Excludes cash and cash equivalents within disposal group and discontinued operation.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(1))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480566/210-10-S99-1<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/exampleRef<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147483467/210-10-45-1<br><br>Reference 3: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 230<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 4<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482740/230-10-45-4<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_CashAndCashEquivalentsAtCarryingValue</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_GainLossOnInvestments">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of realized and unrealized gain (loss) on investment.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Topic 220<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-03(9)(a))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147483621/220-10-S99-2<br><br>Reference 2: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Topic 220<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-03(7)(c))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147483621/220-10-S99-2<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/recommendedDisclosureRef<br> -Topic 230<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 28<br> -Subparagraph (b)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482740/230-10-45-28<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_GainLossOnInvestments</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_NewAccountingPronouncementsOrChangeInAccountingPrincipleLineItems">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Line items represent financial concepts included in a table. These concepts are used to disclose reportable information associated with domain members defined in one or many axes to the table.</p></div>
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Codification<br> -Section 65<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (b)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147476166/350-60-65-1<br><br>Reference 100: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 350<br> -SubTopic 60<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 65<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147476166/350-60-65-1<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_NewAccountingPronouncementsOrChangeInAccountingPrincipleLineItems</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:stringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_OtherAssets">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of assets classified as other.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/exampleRef<br> -Topic 280<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 55<br> -Paragraph 49<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482785/280-10-55-49<br><br>Reference 2: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Topic 942<br> -SubTopic 210<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.9-03(10))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147478546/942-210-S99-1<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/exampleRef<br> -Topic 946<br> -SubTopic 830<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 55<br> -Paragraph 12<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147479168/946-830-55-12<br><br>Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 944<br> -SubTopic 210<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.7-03(a)(10))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147478777/944-210-S99-1<br><br>Reference 5: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(17))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480566/210-10-S99-1<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_OtherAssets</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_OtherReceivablesNetCurrent">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount, after allowance, of receivables classified as other, due within one year or the operating cycle, if longer.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_OtherReceivablesNetCurrent</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentNet">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount after accumulated depreciation, depletion and amortization of physical assets used in the normal conduct of business to produce goods and services and not intended for resale. Examples include, but are not limited to, land, buildings, machinery and equipment, office equipment, and furniture and fixtures.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Topic 360<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482099/360-10-50-1<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 842<br> -SubTopic 20<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 7A<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147478964/842-20-50-7A<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/exampleRef<br> -Topic 852<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 55<br> -Paragraph 10<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147481372/852-10-55-10<br><br>Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 944<br> -SubTopic 210<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.7-03(a)(8))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147478777/944-210-S99-1<br><br>Reference 5: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 942<br> -SubTopic 360<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147478451/942-360-50-1<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentNet</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_RetainedEarningsAccumulatedDeficit">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of accumulated undistributed earnings (deficit).</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(30)(a)(3))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480566/210-10-S99-1<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/exampleRef<br> -Topic 852<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 55<br> -Paragraph 10<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147481372/852-10-55-10<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 944<br> -SubTopic 40<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 65<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (g)(2)(i)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480016/944-40-65-2<br><br>Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 944<br> -SubTopic 40<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 65<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (h)(2)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480016/944-40-65-2<br><br>Reference 5: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 946<br> -SubTopic 20<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 11<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480990/946-20-50-11<br><br>Reference 6: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 944<br> -SubTopic 210<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.7-03(a)(23)(a)(4))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147478777/944-210-S99-1<br><br>Reference 7: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 946<br> -SubTopic 210<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.6-04(17))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147479170/946-210-S99-1<br><br>Reference 8: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Topic 505<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.3-04)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480008/505-10-S99-1<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_RetainedEarningsAccumulatedDeficit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis=IVDA_IvedaTaiwanMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis=IVDA_IvedaTaiwanMember</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_srt_RestatementAxis=srt_ScenarioPreviouslyReportedMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">srt_RestatementAxis=srt_ScenarioPreviouslyReportedMember</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_srt_RestatementAxis=srt_RevisionOfPriorPeriodReclassificationAdjustmentMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">srt_RestatementAxis=srt_RevisionOfPriorPeriodReclassificationAdjustmentMember</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_BalanceSheetLocationAxis=us-gaap_AccountsPayableAndAccruedLiabilitiesMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_BalanceSheetLocationAxis=us-gaap_AccountsPayableAndAccruedLiabilitiesMember</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_srt_RestatementAxis=IVDA_RestatedMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">srt_RestatementAxis=IVDA_RestatedMember</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
</div>
</body>
</html>
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<DOCUMENT>
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<SEQUENCE>71
<FILENAME>R57.htm
<DESCRIPTION>IDEA: XBRL DOCUMENT
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<html>
<head>
<title></title>
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<span style="display: none;">v3.25.2</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="id2">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="2" rowspan="2"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>SCHEDULE OF RESTATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS (Details) - USD ($)<br></strong></div></th>
<th class="th" colspan="2">12 Months Ended</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="th"><div>Dec. 31, 2024</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Dec. 31, 2023</div></th>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_NewAccountingPronouncementsOrChangeInAccountingPrincipleLineItems', window );"><strong>New Accounting Pronouncements or Change in Accounting Principle [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ResearchAndDevelopmentExpense', window );">Research and Development</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="nump">$ 363,350<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 797,112<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_GainLossOnInvestments', window );">Loss from Investment in Iveda Phils JV</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(180,000)<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_NetIncomeLoss', window );">Net Loss</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="num">$ (3,980,820)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">$ (4,142,666)<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_EarningsPerShareBasic', window );">Earnings Per Share, Basic</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="num">$ (1.81)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">$ (2.07)<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_EarningsPerShareDiluted', window );">Earnings Per Share, Diluted</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="num">$ (1.81)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">$ (2.07)<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_srt_RestatementAxis=srt_ScenarioPreviouslyReportedMember', window );">Previously Reported [Member]</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_NewAccountingPronouncementsOrChangeInAccountingPrincipleLineItems', window );"><strong>New Accounting Pronouncements or Change in Accounting Principle [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ResearchAndDevelopmentExpense', window );">Research and Development</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 4,500<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_GainLossOnInvestments', window );">Loss from Investment in Iveda Phils JV</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_IVDA_InvestmentsEliminateRecorded', window );">Eliminate JV G&amp;A recorded 2023</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">162,686<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_IVDA_EliminateInterestIncomeRecorded', window );">Eliminate JV Interest Income recorded 2023</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(11)<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_IVDA_InvestmentEkiminateLossAttributableToNoncontrolledInterest', window );">Eliminate Loss attributable to non-controlled interest</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(97,605)<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_NetIncomeLoss', window );">Net Loss</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">$ (3,235,124)<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_EarningsPerShareBasic', window );">Earnings Per Share, Basic</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 0.20<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_EarningsPerShareDiluted', window );">Earnings Per Share, Diluted</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 0.20<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_srt_RestatementAxis=srt_RevisionOfPriorPeriodReclassificationAdjustmentMember', window );">Revision of Prior Period, Reclassification, Adjustment [Member]</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_NewAccountingPronouncementsOrChangeInAccountingPrincipleLineItems', window );"><strong>New Accounting Pronouncements or Change in Accounting Principle [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ResearchAndDevelopmentExpense', window );">Research and Development</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 792,612<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_GainLossOnInvestments', window );">Loss from Investment in Iveda Phils JV</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">180,000<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_IVDA_InvestmentsEliminateRecorded', window );">Eliminate JV G&amp;A recorded 2023</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(162,686)<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_IVDA_EliminateInterestIncomeRecorded', window );">Eliminate JV Interest Income recorded 2023</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">11<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_IVDA_InvestmentEkiminateLossAttributableToNoncontrolledInterest', window );">Eliminate Loss attributable to non-controlled interest</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">97,605<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_NetIncomeLoss', window );">Net Loss</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(907,542)<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_srt_RestatementAxis=IVDA_RestatedMember', window );">Restated [Member]</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_NewAccountingPronouncementsOrChangeInAccountingPrincipleLineItems', window );"><strong>New Accounting Pronouncements or Change in Accounting Principle [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ResearchAndDevelopmentExpense', window );">Research and Development</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">797,112<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_GainLossOnInvestments', window );">Loss from Investment in Iveda Phils JV</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">180,000<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_IVDA_InvestmentsEliminateRecorded', window );">Eliminate JV G&amp;A recorded 2023</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_IVDA_EliminateInterestIncomeRecorded', window );">Eliminate JV Interest Income recorded 2023</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_IVDA_InvestmentEkiminateLossAttributableToNoncontrolledInterest', window );">Eliminate Loss attributable to non-controlled interest</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_NetIncomeLoss', window );">Net Loss</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">$ (4,142,666)<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_EarningsPerShareBasic', window );">Earnings Per Share, Basic</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup>[1]</sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 2.07<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_EarningsPerShareDiluted', window );">Earnings Per Share, Diluted</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup>[1]</sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 2.07<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr><td colspan="3"></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="3"><table class="outerFootnotes" width="100%"><tr class="outerFootnote">
<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 12pt;" valign="top">[1]</td>
<td style="vertical-align: top;" valign="top">Restated per share amount
                                                                                                                                                              reflects a reverse stock split of the outstanding shares of our Common Stock at a ratio of 1-for-8 effected on September 17,
                                                                                                                                                              2024.</td>
</tr></table></td></tr>
</table>
<div style="display: none;">
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_IVDA_EliminateInterestIncomeRecorded">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Eliminate interest income recorded.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">IVDA_EliminateInterestIncomeRecorded</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>IVDA_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_IVDA_InvestmentEkiminateLossAttributableToNoncontrolledInterest">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Investment ekiminate loss attributable to noncontrolled interest.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">IVDA_InvestmentEkiminateLossAttributableToNoncontrolledInterest</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>IVDA_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_IVDA_InvestmentsEliminateRecorded">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Investments eliminate recorded.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">IVDA_InvestmentsEliminateRecorded</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>IVDA_</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_EarningsPerShareBasic">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The amount of net income (loss) for the period per each share of common stock or unit outstanding during the reporting period.</p></div>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_EarningsPerShareBasic</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dtr-types:perShareItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_EarningsPerShareDiluted">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The amount of net income (loss) for the period available to each share of common stock or common unit outstanding during the reporting period and to each share or unit that would have been outstanding assuming the issuance of common shares or units for all dilutive potential common shares or units outstanding during the reporting period.</p></div>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_EarningsPerShareDiluted</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dtr-types:perShareItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_GainLossOnInvestments">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of realized and unrealized gain (loss) on investment.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Topic 220<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-03(9)(a))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147483621/220-10-S99-2<br><br>Reference 2: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Topic 220<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-03(7)(c))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147483621/220-10-S99-2<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/recommendedDisclosureRef<br> -Topic 230<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 28<br> -Subparagraph (b)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482740/230-10-45-28<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_GainLossOnInvestments</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_NetIncomeLoss">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The portion of profit or loss for the period, net of income taxes, which is attributable to the parent.</p></div>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_NetIncomeLoss</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_NewAccountingPronouncementsOrChangeInAccountingPrincipleLineItems">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Line items represent financial concepts included in a table. These concepts are used to disclose reportable information associated with domain members defined in one or many axes to the table.</p></div>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_NewAccountingPronouncementsOrChangeInAccountingPrincipleLineItems</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of expense for research and development. Includes, but is not limited to, cost for computer software product to be sold, leased, or otherwise marketed and writeoff of research and development assets acquired in transaction other than business combination or joint venture formation or both. Excludes write-down of intangible asset acquired in business combination or from joint venture formation or both, used in research and development activity.</p></div>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
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<tr>
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<span style="display: none;">v3.25.2</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="id2">
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<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="2"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>SCHEDULE OF RESTATEMENTS OF EQUITY (Details) - USD ($)<br></strong></div></th>
<th class="th" colspan="2">12 Months Ended</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="th"><div>Dec. 31, 2023</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Dec. 31, 2022</div></th>
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<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_NewAccountingPronouncementsOrChangeInAccountingPrincipleLineItems', window );"><strong>New Accounting Pronouncements or Change in Accounting Principle [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
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<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
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</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_StockholdersEquityIncludingPortionAttributableToNoncontrollingInterest', window );">BALANCE</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 7,223,190<span></span>
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<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
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<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_StockholdersEquityIncludingPortionAttributableToNoncontrollingInterest', window );">BALANCE</a></td>
<td class="nump">4,648,480<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 7,223,190<span></span>
</td>
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<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_StatementEquityComponentsAxis=us-gaap_CommonStockMember', window );">Common Stock [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
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<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_NewAccountingPronouncementsOrChangeInAccountingPrincipleLineItems', window );"><strong>New Accounting Pronouncements or Change in Accounting Principle [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_StockholdersEquityIncludingPortionAttributableToNoncontrollingInterest', window );">BALANCE</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 19<span></span>
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<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
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<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_SharesOutstanding', window );">BALANCE, shares</a></td>
<td class="nump">1,883,342<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_StockholdersEquityIncludingPortionAttributableToNoncontrollingInterest', window );">BALANCE</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 20<span></span>
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<td class="nump">$ 19<span></span>
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<tr class="re">
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<td class="nump">2,021,236<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">1,883,342<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_StatementEquityComponentsAxis=us-gaap_AdditionalPaidInCapitalMember', window );">Additional Paid-in Capital [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
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<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_NewAccountingPronouncementsOrChangeInAccountingPrincipleLineItems', window );"><strong>New Accounting Pronouncements or Change in Accounting Principle [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_StockholdersEquityIncludingPortionAttributableToNoncontrollingInterest', window );">BALANCE</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 52,497,045<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_StockholdersEquityIncludingPortionAttributableToNoncontrollingInterest', window );">BALANCE</a></td>
<td class="nump">54,065,775<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 52,497,045<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_StatementEquityComponentsAxis=us-gaap_RetainedEarningsMember', window );">Retained Earnings [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_NewAccountingPronouncementsOrChangeInAccountingPrincipleLineItems', window );"><strong>New Accounting Pronouncements or Change in Accounting Principle [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_StockholdersEquityIncludingPortionAttributableToNoncontrollingInterest', window );">BALANCE</a></td>
<td class="num">(45,053,231)<span></span>
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<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_StockholdersEquityIncludingPortionAttributableToNoncontrollingInterest', window );">BALANCE</a></td>
<td class="num">(49,195,897)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(45,053,231)<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_StatementEquityComponentsAxis=us-gaap_AccumulatedOtherComprehensiveIncomeMember', window );">AOCI Attributable to Parent [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
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<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_NewAccountingPronouncementsOrChangeInAccountingPrincipleLineItems', window );"><strong>New Accounting Pronouncements or Change in Accounting Principle [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_StockholdersEquityIncludingPortionAttributableToNoncontrollingInterest', window );">BALANCE</a></td>
<td class="num">(220,643)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_StockholdersEquityIncludingPortionAttributableToNoncontrollingInterest', window );">BALANCE</a></td>
<td class="num">(221,418)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(220,643)<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_srt_RestatementAxis=srt_RestatementAdjustmentMember', window );">Revision of Prior Period, Adjustment [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_NewAccountingPronouncementsOrChangeInAccountingPrincipleLineItems', window );"><strong>New Accounting Pronouncements or Change in Accounting Principle [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_StockholdersEquityIncludingPortionAttributableToNoncontrollingInterest', window );">BALANCE</a></td>
<td class="nump">5,802,571<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">7,569,750<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_IncomeTaxEffectsAllocatedDirectlyToEquityPriorPeriodAdjustment', window );">Correction of Deferred Tax Asset</a></td>
<td class="num">(146,560)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(146,560)<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_IVDA_CorrectionOfPriorPeriodIntercompanyAccountsPayable', window );">Correction of Prior Period Intercompany Accounts Payable</a></td>
<td class="num">(200,000)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(200,000)<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_StockholdersEquityIncludingPortionAttributableToNoncontrollingInterest', window );">BALANCE</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">5,802,571<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_IVDA_CapitalizedSoftwareExpensedToResearchAndDevelopment', window );">Capitalized Software expensed to Research and Development</a></td>
<td class="num">(792,612)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_IVDA_ExpenseInvestmentNet', window );">Expense Investment in Iveda Phils JV, net</a></td>
<td class="num">(14,919)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_srt_RestatementAxis=srt_RestatementAdjustmentMember', window );">Revision of Prior Period, Adjustment [Member] | Common Stock [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_NewAccountingPronouncementsOrChangeInAccountingPrincipleLineItems', window );"><strong>New Accounting Pronouncements or Change in Accounting Principle [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_StockholdersEquityIncludingPortionAttributableToNoncontrollingInterest', window );">BALANCE</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 20<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 19<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_SharesOutstanding', window );">BALANCE, shares</a></td>
<td class="nump">2,021,236<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">1,883,342<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_IncomeTaxEffectsAllocatedDirectlyToEquityPriorPeriodAdjustment', window );">Correction of Deferred Tax Asset</a></td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_IVDA_CorrectionOfPriorPeriodIntercompanyAccountsPayable', window );">Correction of Prior Period Intercompany Accounts Payable</a></td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_StockholdersEquityIncludingPortionAttributableToNoncontrollingInterest', window );">BALANCE</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 20<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_SharesOutstanding', window );">BALANCE, shares</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">2,021,236<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_IVDA_CapitalizedSoftwareExpensedToResearchAndDevelopment', window );">Capitalized Software expensed to Research and Development</a></td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_IVDA_ExpenseInvestmentNet', window );">Expense Investment in Iveda Phils JV, net</a></td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_srt_RestatementAxis=srt_RestatementAdjustmentMember', window );">Revision of Prior Period, Adjustment [Member] | Additional Paid-in Capital [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_NewAccountingPronouncementsOrChangeInAccountingPrincipleLineItems', window );"><strong>New Accounting Pronouncements or Change in Accounting Principle [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_StockholdersEquityIncludingPortionAttributableToNoncontrollingInterest', window );">BALANCE</a></td>
<td class="nump">54,065,775<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 52,497,045<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_IncomeTaxEffectsAllocatedDirectlyToEquityPriorPeriodAdjustment', window );">Correction of Deferred Tax Asset</a></td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_IVDA_CorrectionOfPriorPeriodIntercompanyAccountsPayable', window );">Correction of Prior Period Intercompany Accounts Payable</a></td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_StockholdersEquityIncludingPortionAttributableToNoncontrollingInterest', window );">BALANCE</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">54,065,775<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_IVDA_CapitalizedSoftwareExpensedToResearchAndDevelopment', window );">Capitalized Software expensed to Research and Development</a></td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_IVDA_ExpenseInvestmentNet', window );">Expense Investment in Iveda Phils JV, net</a></td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_srt_RestatementAxis=srt_RestatementAdjustmentMember', window );">Revision of Prior Period, Adjustment [Member] | Retained Earnings [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_NewAccountingPronouncementsOrChangeInAccountingPrincipleLineItems', window );"><strong>New Accounting Pronouncements or Change in Accounting Principle [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_StockholdersEquityIncludingPortionAttributableToNoncontrollingInterest', window );">BALANCE</a></td>
<td class="num">(47,941,796)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(44,706,671)<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_IncomeTaxEffectsAllocatedDirectlyToEquityPriorPeriodAdjustment', window );">Correction of Deferred Tax Asset</a></td>
<td class="num">(146,560)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(146,560)<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_IVDA_CorrectionOfPriorPeriodIntercompanyAccountsPayable', window );">Correction of Prior Period Intercompany Accounts Payable</a></td>
<td class="num">(200,000)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(200,000)<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_StockholdersEquityIncludingPortionAttributableToNoncontrollingInterest', window );">BALANCE</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(47,941,796)<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_IVDA_CapitalizedSoftwareExpensedToResearchAndDevelopment', window );">Capitalized Software expensed to Research and Development</a></td>
<td class="num">(792,612)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_IVDA_ExpenseInvestmentNet', window );">Expense Investment in Iveda Phils JV, net</a></td>
<td class="num">(114,929)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_srt_RestatementAxis=srt_RestatementAdjustmentMember', window );">Revision of Prior Period, Adjustment [Member] | Noncontrolling Interest [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_NewAccountingPronouncementsOrChangeInAccountingPrincipleLineItems', window );"><strong>New Accounting Pronouncements or Change in Accounting Principle [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_StockholdersEquityIncludingPortionAttributableToNoncontrollingInterest', window );">BALANCE</a></td>
<td class="num">(99,048)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_IncomeTaxEffectsAllocatedDirectlyToEquityPriorPeriodAdjustment', window );">Correction of Deferred Tax Asset</a></td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_IVDA_CorrectionOfPriorPeriodIntercompanyAccountsPayable', window );">Correction of Prior Period Intercompany Accounts Payable</a></td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_StockholdersEquityIncludingPortionAttributableToNoncontrollingInterest', window );">BALANCE</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(99,048)<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_IVDA_CapitalizedSoftwareExpensedToResearchAndDevelopment', window );">Capitalized Software expensed to Research and Development</a></td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_IVDA_ExpenseInvestmentNet', window );">Expense Investment in Iveda Phils JV, net</a></td>
<td class="nump">99,048<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_srt_RestatementAxis=srt_RestatementAdjustmentMember', window );">Revision of Prior Period, Adjustment [Member] | AOCI Attributable to Parent [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_NewAccountingPronouncementsOrChangeInAccountingPrincipleLineItems', window );"><strong>New Accounting Pronouncements or Change in Accounting Principle [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_StockholdersEquityIncludingPortionAttributableToNoncontrollingInterest', window );">BALANCE</a></td>
<td class="num">(222,380)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(220,643)<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_IncomeTaxEffectsAllocatedDirectlyToEquityPriorPeriodAdjustment', window );">Correction of Deferred Tax Asset</a></td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_IVDA_CorrectionOfPriorPeriodIntercompanyAccountsPayable', window );">Correction of Prior Period Intercompany Accounts Payable</a></td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_StockholdersEquityIncludingPortionAttributableToNoncontrollingInterest', window );">BALANCE</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(222,380)<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_IVDA_CapitalizedSoftwareExpensedToResearchAndDevelopment', window );">Capitalized Software expensed to Research and Development</a></td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_IVDA_ExpenseInvestmentNet', window );">Expense Investment in Iveda Phils JV, net</a></td>
<td class="nump">962<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_srt_RestatementAxis=IVDA_RestatedMember', window );">Restated [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_NewAccountingPronouncementsOrChangeInAccountingPrincipleLineItems', window );"><strong>New Accounting Pronouncements or Change in Accounting Principle [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_StockholdersEquityIncludingPortionAttributableToNoncontrollingInterest', window );">BALANCE</a></td>
<td class="nump">7,223,190<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_StockholdersEquityIncludingPortionAttributableToNoncontrollingInterest', window );">BALANCE</a></td>
<td class="nump">4,648,480<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">7,223,190<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_srt_RestatementAxis=IVDA_RestatedMember', window );">Restated [Member] | Common Stock [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_NewAccountingPronouncementsOrChangeInAccountingPrincipleLineItems', window );"><strong>New Accounting Pronouncements or Change in Accounting Principle [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_StockholdersEquityIncludingPortionAttributableToNoncontrollingInterest', window );">BALANCE</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 19<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_SharesOutstanding', window );">BALANCE, shares</a></td>
<td class="nump">1,883,342<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_StockholdersEquityIncludingPortionAttributableToNoncontrollingInterest', window );">BALANCE</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 20<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 19<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_SharesOutstanding', window );">BALANCE, shares</a></td>
<td class="nump">2,021,236<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">1,883,342<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_srt_RestatementAxis=IVDA_RestatedMember', window );">Restated [Member] | Additional Paid-in Capital [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_NewAccountingPronouncementsOrChangeInAccountingPrincipleLineItems', window );"><strong>New Accounting Pronouncements or Change in Accounting Principle [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_StockholdersEquityIncludingPortionAttributableToNoncontrollingInterest', window );">BALANCE</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 52,497,045<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_StockholdersEquityIncludingPortionAttributableToNoncontrollingInterest', window );">BALANCE</a></td>
<td class="nump">54,065,775<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 52,497,045<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_srt_RestatementAxis=IVDA_RestatedMember', window );">Restated [Member] | Retained Earnings [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_NewAccountingPronouncementsOrChangeInAccountingPrincipleLineItems', window );"><strong>New Accounting Pronouncements or Change in Accounting Principle [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_StockholdersEquityIncludingPortionAttributableToNoncontrollingInterest', window );">BALANCE</a></td>
<td class="num">(45,053,171)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_StockholdersEquityIncludingPortionAttributableToNoncontrollingInterest', window );">BALANCE</a></td>
<td class="num">(49,195,897)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(45,053,171)<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_srt_RestatementAxis=IVDA_RestatedMember', window );">Restated [Member] | Noncontrolling Interest [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_NewAccountingPronouncementsOrChangeInAccountingPrincipleLineItems', window );"><strong>New Accounting Pronouncements or Change in Accounting Principle [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_StockholdersEquityIncludingPortionAttributableToNoncontrollingInterest', window );">BALANCE</a></td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_StockholdersEquityIncludingPortionAttributableToNoncontrollingInterest', window );">BALANCE</a></td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_srt_RestatementAxis=IVDA_RestatedMember', window );">Restated [Member] | AOCI Attributable to Parent [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_NewAccountingPronouncementsOrChangeInAccountingPrincipleLineItems', window );"><strong>New Accounting Pronouncements or Change in Accounting Principle [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_StockholdersEquityIncludingPortionAttributableToNoncontrollingInterest', window );">BALANCE</a></td>
<td class="num">(220,643)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_StockholdersEquityIncludingPortionAttributableToNoncontrollingInterest', window );">BALANCE</a></td>
<td class="num">$ (221,418)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">$ (220,643)<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<div style="display: none;">
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_IVDA_CapitalizedSoftwareExpensedToResearchAndDevelopment">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Capitalized software expensed to research and development.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">IVDA_CapitalizedSoftwareExpensedToResearchAndDevelopment</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>IVDA_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_IVDA_CorrectionOfPriorPeriodIntercompanyAccountsPayable">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Correction of prior period intercompany accounts payable.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">IVDA_CorrectionOfPriorPeriodIntercompanyAccountsPayable</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>IVDA_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_IVDA_ExpenseInvestmentNet">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Expense investment net.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">IVDA_ExpenseInvestmentNet</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>IVDA_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_IncomeTaxEffectsAllocatedDirectlyToEquityPriorPeriodAdjustment">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The tax effect of correction of an error charged or credited directly to the opening balance of retained earnings.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Topic 740<br> -SubTopic 20<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 11<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482659/740-20-45-11<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_IncomeTaxEffectsAllocatedDirectlyToEquityPriorPeriodAdjustment</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_NewAccountingPronouncementsOrChangeInAccountingPrincipleLineItems">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Line items represent financial concepts included in a table. These concepts are used to disclose reportable information associated with domain members defined in one or many axes to the table.</p></div>
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Codification<br> -Section 65<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (b)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147476166/350-60-65-1<br><br>Reference 100: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 350<br> -SubTopic 60<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 65<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147476166/350-60-65-1<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_NewAccountingPronouncementsOrChangeInAccountingPrincipleLineItems</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:stringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_SharesOutstanding">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Number of shares issued which are neither cancelled nor held in the treasury.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_SharesOutstanding</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:sharesItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_StockholdersEquityIncludingPortionAttributableToNoncontrollingInterest">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of equity (deficit) attributable to parent and noncontrolling interest. Excludes temporary equity.</p></div>
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<SEQUENCE>73
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<DESCRIPTION>IDEA: XBRL DOCUMENT
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<html>
<head>
<title></title>
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<span style="display: none;">v3.25.2</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="id2">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="2" rowspan="2"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>SCHEDULE OF RESTATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS (Details) - USD ($)<br></strong></div></th>
<th class="th" colspan="2">12 Months Ended</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="th"><div>Dec. 31, 2024</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Dec. 31, 2023</div></th>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_NewAccountingPronouncementsOrChangeInAccountingPrincipleLineItems', window );"><strong>New Accounting Pronouncements or Change in Accounting Principle [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
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</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ProfitLoss', window );">Net loss with adjustments</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="num">$ (3,980,820)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">$ (4,142,666)<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_OperatingIncomeLoss', window );">Loss from Iveda Phils Joint Venture</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="num">(4,070,303)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(4,040,875)<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInOtherAccountsPayable', window );">Net loss</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="nump">439,945<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(523,633)<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInOperatingActivities', window );">Net Cash Used in Operating Activities</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="num">(4,419,748)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(3,333,360)<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_PaymentsToAcquireOtherPropertyPlantAndEquipment', window );">Purchase of Property and Equipment, Net</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="num">(2,608)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(85,593)<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInInvestingActivities', window );">Net Cash Provided by (Used in) Investing Activities</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="num">(2,608)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(265,593)<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_IVDA_IncreaseDecreaseInChangeRestrictedCash', window );">Change in restricted Cash</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="nump">685<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInFinancingActivities', window );">CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS - END OF PERIOD</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="nump">2,260,419<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">1,023,833<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_EffectOfExchangeRateOnCashCashEquivalentsRestrictedCashAndRestrictedCashEquivalentsIncludingDisposalGroupAndDiscontinuedOperations', window );">EFFECT OF EXCHANGE RATE CHANGES ON CASH</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="num">(48,045)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">1,780<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_CashCashEquivalentsRestrictedCashAndRestrictedCashEquivalentsPeriodIncreaseDecreaseIncludingExchangeRateEffect', window );">NET INCREASE (DECREASE) IN CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="num">(2,209,982)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(2,573,340)<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_CashCashEquivalentsRestrictedCashAndRestrictedCashEquivalentsIncludingDisposalGroupAndDiscontinuedOperations', window );">CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS - END OF PERIOD</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="nump">$ 2,658,300<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">4,868,282<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_srt_RestatementAxis=srt_ScenarioPreviouslyReportedMember', window );">Previously Reported [Member]</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_NewAccountingPronouncementsOrChangeInAccountingPrincipleLineItems', window );"><strong>New Accounting Pronouncements or Change in Accounting Principle [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ProfitLoss', window );">Net loss with adjustments</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(3,235,124)<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInOtherAccountsPayable', window );">Net loss</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(522,460)<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInOperatingActivities', window );">Net Cash Used in Operating Activities</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(2,604,645)<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_PaymentsToAcquireOtherPropertyPlantAndEquipment', window );">Purchase of Property and Equipment, Net</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(878,205)<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInInvestingActivities', window );">Net Cash Provided by (Used in) Investing Activities</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(878,205)<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_IVDA_JointVentureNoncontrolledEquityPortions', window );">Joint Venture Non-Controlled Equity Portion</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(99,048)<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_IVDA_IncreaseDecreaseInChangeRestrictedCash', window );">Change in restricted Cash</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(685)<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInFinancingActivities', window );">CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS - END OF PERIOD</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">924,100<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_EffectOfExchangeRateOnCashCashEquivalentsRestrictedCashAndRestrictedCashEquivalentsIncludingDisposalGroupAndDiscontinuedOperations', window );">EFFECT OF EXCHANGE RATE CHANGES ON CASH</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">1,252<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_CashCashEquivalentsRestrictedCashAndRestrictedCashEquivalentsPeriodIncreaseDecreaseIncludingExchangeRateEffect', window );">NET INCREASE (DECREASE) IN CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(2,557,499)<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_CashCashEquivalentsRestrictedCashAndRestrictedCashEquivalentsIncludingDisposalGroupAndDiscontinuedOperations', window );">CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS - END OF PERIOD</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">4,754,596<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_srt_RestatementAxis=srt_RevisionOfPriorPeriodReclassificationAdjustmentMember', window );">Revision of Prior Period, Reclassification, Adjustment [Member]</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_NewAccountingPronouncementsOrChangeInAccountingPrincipleLineItems', window );"><strong>New Accounting Pronouncements or Change in Accounting Principle [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ProfitLoss', window );">Net loss with adjustments</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup>[1]</sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(792,612)<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_OperatingIncomeLoss', window );">Loss from Iveda Phils Joint Venture</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">180,000<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInOtherAccountsPayable', window );">Net loss</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup>[2]</sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(1,173)<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInOperatingActivities', window );">Net Cash Used in Operating Activities</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup>[1]</sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(792,612)<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_PaymentsToAcquireOtherPropertyPlantAndEquipment', window );">Purchase of Property and Equipment, Net</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup>[1]</sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(792,612)<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInInvestingActivities', window );">Net Cash Provided by (Used in) Investing Activities</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup>[1]</sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(792,612)<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_IVDA_JointVentureNoncontrolledEquityPortions', window );">Joint Venture Non-Controlled Equity Portion</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup>[2]</sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">99,048<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_IVDA_IncreaseDecreaseInChangeRestrictedCash', window );">Change in restricted Cash</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup>[3]</sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">685<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInFinancingActivities', window );">CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS - END OF PERIOD</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup>[2]</sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">99,048<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_EffectOfExchangeRateOnCashCashEquivalentsRestrictedCashAndRestrictedCashEquivalentsIncludingDisposalGroupAndDiscontinuedOperations', window );">EFFECT OF EXCHANGE RATE CHANGES ON CASH</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup>[2]</sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">528<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_CashCashEquivalentsRestrictedCashAndRestrictedCashEquivalentsPeriodIncreaseDecreaseIncludingExchangeRateEffect', window );">NET INCREASE (DECREASE) IN CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup>[2]</sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(15,841)<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_CashCashEquivalentsRestrictedCashAndRestrictedCashEquivalentsIncludingDisposalGroupAndDiscontinuedOperations', window );">CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS - END OF PERIOD</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup>[2]</sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(16,092)<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_srt_RestatementAxis=srt_RevisionOfPriorPeriodReclassificationAdjustmentMember', window );">Revision of Prior Period, Reclassification, Adjustment [Member] | Research and Development Expense [Member]</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_NewAccountingPronouncementsOrChangeInAccountingPrincipleLineItems', window );"><strong>New Accounting Pronouncements or Change in Accounting Principle [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_IVDA_NetLoss', window );">Net loss</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(114,930)<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_srt_RestatementAxis=srt_RevisionOfPriorPeriodReclassificationAdjustmentMember', window );">Revision of Prior Period, Reclassification, Adjustment [Member] | Loss From Joint Venture [Member]</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_NewAccountingPronouncementsOrChangeInAccountingPrincipleLineItems', window );"><strong>New Accounting Pronouncements or Change in Accounting Principle [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_IVDA_LossFromIvedaPhilsJointVenture', window );">Net loss</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">180,000<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInOperatingActivities', window );">Net Cash Used in Operating Activities</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">180,000<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_srt_RestatementAxis=srt_RevisionOfPriorPeriodReclassificationAdjustmentMember', window );">Revision of Prior Period, Reclassification, Adjustment [Member] | Increase Decrease In Accounts and Other Payable [Member]</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_NewAccountingPronouncementsOrChangeInAccountingPrincipleLineItems', window );"><strong>New Accounting Pronouncements or Change in Accounting Principle [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInOtherAccountsPayable', window );">Net loss</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(1,173)<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInOperatingActivities', window );">Net Cash Used in Operating Activities</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(1,173)<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_srt_RestatementAxis=srt_RevisionOfPriorPeriodReclassificationAdjustmentMember', window );">Revision of Prior Period, Reclassification, Adjustment [Member] | Additional Loss From Joint Venture [Member]</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_NewAccountingPronouncementsOrChangeInAccountingPrincipleLineItems', window );"><strong>New Accounting Pronouncements or Change in Accounting Principle [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInOperatingActivities', window );">Net Cash Used in Operating Activities</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(114,930)<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_srt_RestatementAxis=srt_RevisionOfPriorPeriodReclassificationAdjustmentMember', window );">Revision of Prior Period, Reclassification, Adjustment [Member] | Restricted Cash WriteOff [Member]</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_NewAccountingPronouncementsOrChangeInAccountingPrincipleLineItems', window );"><strong>New Accounting Pronouncements or Change in Accounting Principle [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInFinancingActivities', window );">CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS - END OF PERIOD</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">685<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_srt_RestatementAxis=srt_RevisionOfPriorPeriodReclassificationAdjustmentMember', window );">Revision of Prior Period, Reclassification, Adjustment [Member] | Additional Restricted Cash [Member]</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_NewAccountingPronouncementsOrChangeInAccountingPrincipleLineItems', window );"><strong>New Accounting Pronouncements or Change in Accounting Principle [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInFinancingActivities', window );">CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS - END OF PERIOD</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup>[4]</sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">129,778<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_srt_RestatementAxis=srt_RevisionOfPriorPeriodReclassificationAdjustmentMember', window );">Revision of Prior Period, Reclassification, Adjustment [Member] | Restated [Member]</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_NewAccountingPronouncementsOrChangeInAccountingPrincipleLineItems', window );"><strong>New Accounting Pronouncements or Change in Accounting Principle [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInFinancingActivities', window );">CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS - END OF PERIOD</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">4,868,282<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_srt_RestatementAxis=IVDA_RestatedMember', window );">Restated [Member]</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_NewAccountingPronouncementsOrChangeInAccountingPrincipleLineItems', window );"><strong>New Accounting Pronouncements or Change in Accounting Principle [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ProfitLoss', window );">Net loss with adjustments</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_OperatingIncomeLoss', window );">Loss from Iveda Phils Joint Venture</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">180,000<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInOtherAccountsPayable', window );">Net loss</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(523,633)<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_PaymentsToAcquireOtherPropertyPlantAndEquipment', window );">Purchase of Property and Equipment, Net</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(85,593)<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInInvestingActivities', window );">Net Cash Provided by (Used in) Investing Activities</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(85,593)<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_IVDA_JointVentureNoncontrolledEquityPortions', window );">Joint Venture Non-Controlled Equity Portion</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_IVDA_IncreaseDecreaseInChangeRestrictedCash', window );">Change in restricted Cash</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_EffectOfExchangeRateOnCashCashEquivalentsRestrictedCashAndRestrictedCashEquivalentsIncludingDisposalGroupAndDiscontinuedOperations', window );">EFFECT OF EXCHANGE RATE CHANGES ON CASH</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">1,780<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_CashCashEquivalentsRestrictedCashAndRestrictedCashEquivalentsPeriodIncreaseDecreaseIncludingExchangeRateEffect', window );">NET INCREASE (DECREASE) IN CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(2,573,540)<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_srt_RestatementAxis=IVDA_RestatedMember', window );">Restated [Member] | Research and Development Expense [Member]</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_NewAccountingPronouncementsOrChangeInAccountingPrincipleLineItems', window );"><strong>New Accounting Pronouncements or Change in Accounting Principle [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_IVDA_NetLoss', window );">Net loss</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(4,142,666)<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_srt_RestatementAxis=IVDA_RestatedMember', window );">Restated [Member] | Increase Decrease In Accounts and Other Payable [Member]</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_NewAccountingPronouncementsOrChangeInAccountingPrincipleLineItems', window );"><strong>New Accounting Pronouncements or Change in Accounting Principle [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInOperatingActivities', window );">Net Cash Used in Operating Activities</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(3,333,360)<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_srt_RestatementAxis=IVDA_RestatedMember', window );">Restated [Member] | Restricted Cash WriteOff [Member]</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_NewAccountingPronouncementsOrChangeInAccountingPrincipleLineItems', window );"><strong>New Accounting Pronouncements or Change in Accounting Principle [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInFinancingActivities', window );">CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS - END OF PERIOD</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 1,023,833<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr><td colspan="3"></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="3"><table class="outerFootnotes" width="100%">
<tr class="outerFootnote">
<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 12pt;" valign="top">[1]</td>
<td style="vertical-align: top;" valign="top">2023
    Capitalized Software expensed to Research and Development</td>
</tr>
<tr class="outerFootnote">
<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 12pt;" valign="top">[2]</td>
<td style="vertical-align: top;" valign="top">An adjustment for $<span class="xdx_phnt_RGlzY2xvc3VyZSAtIFNDSEVEVUxFIE9GIFJFU1RBVEVNRU5UUyBPRiBDQVNIIEZMT1dTIChEZXRhaWxzKSAoUGFyZW50aGV0aWNhbCkA" id="xdx_90E_eus-gaap--GainLossOnInvestments_iN_di_c20230101__20231231_zpY4noZbpg79">180,000</span> to expense its investment in Iveda Phils JV originally recorded as a consolidation but
we have determined this investment should have been recorded as the equity method. The net loss effect is $<span class="xdx_phnt_RGlzY2xvc3VyZSAtIFNDSEVEVUxFIE9GIFJFU1RBVEVNRU5UUyBPRiBDQVNIIEZMT1dTIChEZXRhaWxzKSAoUGFyZW50aGV0aWNhbCkA" id="xdx_907_ecustom--InvestmentNetIncomeLoss_c20240101__20241231_z8naaRmpZw9h" title="Investment net income loss">180,000</span> less the $<span class="xdx_phnt_RGlzY2xvc3VyZSAtIFNDSEVEVUxFIE9GIFJFU1RBVEVNRU5UUyBPRiBDQVNIIEZMT1dTIChEZXRhaWxzKSAoUGFyZW50aGV0aWNhbCkA" id="xdx_90D_ecustom--InvestmentNetIncomeLoss_c20230101__20231231_z11h83JKZ357" title="Investment net income loss">65,070</span> loss
recorded in 2023 in consolidation. Net $<span class="xdx_phnt_RGlzY2xvc3VyZSAtIFNDSEVEVUxFIE9GIFJFU1RBVEVNRU5UUyBPRiBDQVNIIEZMT1dTIChEZXRhaWxzKSAoUGFyZW50aGV0aWNhbCkA" id="xdx_904_ecustom--AdditionalInvestmentNetIncomeLoss_c20230101__20231231_zMbfpScPSHrd" title="Additional investment net income loss">114,930</span> additional loss recorded in 2023.</td>
</tr>
<tr class="outerFootnote">
<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 12pt;" valign="top">[3]</td>
<td style="vertical-align: top;" valign="top">Eliminate line item for change in restricted cash of $<span class="xdx_phnt_RGlzY2xvc3VyZSAtIFNDSEVEVUxFIE9GIFJFU1RBVEVNRU5UUyBPRiBDQVNIIEZMT1dTIChEZXRhaWxzKSAoUGFyZW50aGV0aWNhbCkA" id="xdx_90E_ecustom--IncreaseDecreaseInChangeRestrictedCash_c20240101__20241231_zN85gW6VuM5e" title="Restricted cash">685</span></td>
</tr>
<tr class="outerFootnote">
<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 12pt;" valign="top">[4]</td>
<td style="vertical-align: top;" valign="top">Added Restricted Cash to Cash and Cash Equivalents</td>
</tr>
</table></td></tr>
</table>
<div style="display: none;">
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_IVDA_IncreaseDecreaseInChangeRestrictedCash">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Increase decrease in change restricted cash.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">IVDA_IncreaseDecreaseInChangeRestrictedCash</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>IVDA_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_IVDA_JointVentureNoncontrolledEquityPortions">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Joint venture noncontrolled equity portions.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">IVDA_JointVentureNoncontrolledEquityPortions</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>IVDA_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_IVDA_LossFromIvedaPhilsJointVenture">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Loss from iveda phils joint venture</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">IVDA_LossFromIvedaPhilsJointVenture</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>IVDA_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_IVDA_NetLoss">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Net loss</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">IVDA_NetLoss</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>IVDA_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_CashCashEquivalentsRestrictedCashAndRestrictedCashEquivalentsIncludingDisposalGroupAndDiscontinuedOperations">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of cash and cash equivalents, and cash and cash equivalents restricted to withdrawal or usage; including, but not limited to, disposal group and discontinued operations. Cash includes, but is not limited to, currency on hand, demand deposits with banks or financial institutions, and other accounts with general characteristics of demand deposits. Cash equivalents include, but are not limited to, short-term, highly liquid investments that are both readily convertible to known amounts of cash and so near their maturity that they present insignificant risk of changes in value because of changes in interest rates.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 230<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 8<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482913/230-10-50-8<br><br>Reference 2: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Topic 230<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 24<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482740/230-10-45-24<br><br>Reference 3: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 230<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 4<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482740/230-10-45-4<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_CashCashEquivalentsRestrictedCashAndRestrictedCashEquivalentsIncludingDisposalGroupAndDiscontinuedOperations</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_CashCashEquivalentsRestrictedCashAndRestrictedCashEquivalentsPeriodIncreaseDecreaseIncludingExchangeRateEffect">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of increase (decrease) in cash, cash equivalents, and cash and cash equivalents restricted to withdrawal or usage; including effect from exchange rate change. Cash includes, but is not limited to, currency on hand, demand deposits with banks or financial institutions, and other accounts with general characteristics of demand deposits. Cash equivalents include, but are not limited to, short-term, highly liquid investments that are both readily convertible to known amounts of cash and so near their maturity that they present insignificant risk of changes in value because of changes in interest rates.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Topic 230<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 24<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482740/230-10-45-24<br><br>Reference 2: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -SubTopic 230<br> -Topic 830<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147477401/830-230-45-1<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_CashCashEquivalentsRestrictedCashAndRestrictedCashEquivalentsPeriodIncreaseDecreaseIncludingExchangeRateEffect</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_EffectOfExchangeRateOnCashCashEquivalentsRestrictedCashAndRestrictedCashEquivalentsIncludingDisposalGroupAndDiscontinuedOperations">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of increase (decrease) from effect of exchange rate changes on cash and cash equivalents, and cash and cash equivalents restricted to withdrawal or usage; held in foreign currencies; including, but not limited to, disposal group and discontinued operations. Cash includes, but is not limited to, currency on hand, demand deposits with banks or financial institutions, and other accounts with general characteristics of demand deposits. Cash equivalents include, but are not limited to, short-term, highly liquid investments that are both readily convertible to known amounts of cash and so near their maturity that they present insignificant risk of changes in value because of changes in interest rates.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Topic 830<br> -SubTopic 230<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147477401/830-230-45-1<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_EffectOfExchangeRateOnCashCashEquivalentsRestrictedCashAndRestrictedCashEquivalentsIncludingDisposalGroupAndDiscontinuedOperations</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInOtherAccountsPayable">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of increase (decrease) in obligations classified as other, payable within one year or the normal operating cycle, if longer.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 28<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Topic 230<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482740/230-10-45-28<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInOtherAccountsPayable</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of cash inflow (outflow) from financing activities, including discontinued operations. Financing activity cash flows include obtaining resources from owners and providing them with a return on, and a return of, their investment; borrowing money and repaying amounts borrowed, or settling the obligation; and obtaining and paying for other resources obtained from creditors on long-term credit.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 230<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 24<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482740/230-10-45-24<br></p></div>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of cash inflow (outflow) from investing activities, including discontinued operations. Investing activity cash flows include making and collecting loans and acquiring and disposing of debt or equity instruments and property, plant, and equipment and other productive assets.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 230<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 24<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482740/230-10-45-24<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of cash inflow (outflow) from operating activities, including discontinued operations. Operating activity cash flows include transactions, adjustments, and changes in value not defined as investing or financing activities.</p></div>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Line items represent financial concepts included in a table. These concepts are used to disclose reportable information associated with domain members defined in one or many axes to the table.</p></div>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_NewAccountingPronouncementsOrChangeInAccountingPrincipleLineItems</td>
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<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
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<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The net result for the period of deducting operating expenses from operating revenues.</p></div>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_OperatingIncomeLoss</td>
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<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
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<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
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<td>duration</td>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of cash outflow from the acquisition of or improvements to long-lived, physical assets used to produce goods and services and not intended for resale, classified as other.</p></div>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
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<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_ProfitLoss">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The consolidated profit or loss for the period, net of income taxes, including the portion attributable to the noncontrolling interest.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 250<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 6<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147483443/250-10-50-6<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 250<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 9<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147483443/250-10-50-9<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 805<br> -SubTopic 60<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 65<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (g)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147476176/805-60-65-1<br><br>Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 740<br> -SubTopic 323<br> -Name 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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ProfitLoss</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_srt_RestatementAxis=srt_ScenarioPreviouslyReportedMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">srt_RestatementAxis=srt_ScenarioPreviouslyReportedMember</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_srt_RestatementAxis=srt_RevisionOfPriorPeriodReclassificationAdjustmentMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">srt_RestatementAxis=srt_RevisionOfPriorPeriodReclassificationAdjustmentMember</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_IncomeStatementLocationAxis=us-gaap_ResearchAndDevelopmentExpenseMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_IncomeStatementLocationAxis=us-gaap_ResearchAndDevelopmentExpenseMember</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_IncomeStatementLocationAxis=IVDA_LossFromJointVentureMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_IncomeStatementLocationAxis=IVDA_LossFromJointVentureMember</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_IncomeStatementLocationAxis=IVDA_IncreaseDecreaseInAccountsAndOtherPayableMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_IncomeStatementLocationAxis=IVDA_IncreaseDecreaseInAccountsAndOtherPayableMember</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_IncomeStatementLocationAxis=IVDA_AdditionalLossFromJointVentureMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_IncomeStatementLocationAxis=IVDA_AdditionalLossFromJointVentureMember</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_IncomeStatementLocationAxis=IVDA_RestrictedCashWriteOffMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_IncomeStatementLocationAxis=IVDA_RestrictedCashWriteOffMember</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_IncomeStatementLocationAxis=IVDA_AdditionalRestrictedCashMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_IncomeStatementLocationAxis=IVDA_AdditionalRestrictedCashMember</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
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<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_IncomeStatementLocationAxis=IVDA_RestatedMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_IncomeStatementLocationAxis=IVDA_RestatedMember</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
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</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_srt_RestatementAxis=IVDA_RestatedMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">srt_RestatementAxis=IVDA_RestatedMember</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
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</div></td></tr>
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</html>
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<DOCUMENT>
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<SEQUENCE>74
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<DESCRIPTION>IDEA: XBRL DOCUMENT
<TEXT>
<html>
<head>
<title></title>
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="include/report.css">
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<span style="display: none;">v3.25.2</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="id2">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="2"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>SCHEDULE OF RESTATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS (Details) (Parenthetical) - USD ($)<br></strong></div></th>
<th class="th" colspan="2">12 Months Ended</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="th"><div>Dec. 31, 2024</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Dec. 31, 2023</div></th>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_AccountingChangesAndErrorCorrectionsAbstract', window );"><strong>Accounting Changes and Error Corrections [Abstract]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_GainLossOnInvestments', window );">Gain (Loss) on Investments</a></td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 180,000<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_IVDA_InvestmentNetIncomeLoss', window );">Investment net income loss</a></td>
<td class="nump">180,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">65,070<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_IVDA_AdditionalInvestmentNetIncomeLoss', window );">Additional investment net income loss</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 114,930<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_IVDA_IncreaseDecreaseInChangeRestrictedCash', window );">Restricted cash</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 685<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<div style="display: none;">
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_IVDA_AdditionalInvestmentNetIncomeLoss">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Additional investment net income loss.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">IVDA_AdditionalInvestmentNetIncomeLoss</td>
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<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
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<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
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<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
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<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
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</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_IVDA_IncreaseDecreaseInChangeRestrictedCash">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Increase decrease in change restricted cash.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">IVDA_IncreaseDecreaseInChangeRestrictedCash</td>
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<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>IVDA_</td>
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<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
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<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
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<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Investment net income loss.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">IVDA_InvestmentNetIncomeLoss</td>
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<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>IVDA_</td>
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<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_AccountingChangesAndErrorCorrectionsAbstract">
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<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_AccountingChangesAndErrorCorrectionsAbstract</td>
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<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
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<td>xbrli:stringItemType</td>
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<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of realized and unrealized gain (loss) on investment.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Topic 220<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-03(9)(a))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147483621/220-10-S99-2<br><br>Reference 2: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Topic 220<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-03(7)(c))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147483621/220-10-S99-2<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/recommendedDisclosureRef<br> -Topic 230<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 28<br> -Subparagraph (b)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482740/230-10-45-28<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_GainLossOnInvestments</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
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</table>
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</html>
</TEXT>
</DOCUMENT>
<DOCUMENT>
<TYPE>XML
<SEQUENCE>75
<FILENAME>R61.htm
<DESCRIPTION>IDEA: XBRL DOCUMENT
<TEXT>
<html>
<head>
<title></title>
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="include/report.css">
<script type="text/javascript" src="Show.js">/* Do Not Remove This Comment */</script><script type="text/javascript">
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<span style="display: none;">v3.25.2</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="id2">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="2"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>RESTATEMENT OF PREVIOUSLY ISSUED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Details Narrative) - USD ($)<br></strong></div></th>
<th class="th" colspan="2">12 Months Ended</th>
<th class="th" colspan="1"></th>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="th"><div>Dec. 31, 2024</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Dec. 31, 2023</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Dec. 31, 2022</div></th>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_NewAccountingPronouncementsOrChangeInAccountingPrincipleLineItems', window );"><strong>New Accounting Pronouncements or Change in Accounting Principle [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DeferredTaxAssetsOther', window );">Deferred tax assets</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 146,560<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ResearchAndDevelopmentExpense', window );">Research and development</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 363,350<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 797,112<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_GainLossOnInvestments', window );">Gain (Loss) on Investments</a></td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">180,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_srt_RestatementAxis=srt_RevisionOfPriorPeriodReclassificationAdjustmentMember', window );">Revision of Prior Period, Reclassification, Adjustment [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_NewAccountingPronouncementsOrChangeInAccountingPrincipleLineItems', window );"><strong>New Accounting Pronouncements or Change in Accounting Principle [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ResearchAndDevelopmentExpense', window );">Research and development</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">792,612<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_GainLossOnInvestments', window );">Gain (Loss) on Investments</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">$ (180,000)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis=IVDA_IvedaTaiwanMember', window );">Iveda Taiwan [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_NewAccountingPronouncementsOrChangeInAccountingPrincipleLineItems', window );"><strong>New Accounting Pronouncements or Change in Accounting Principle [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_OtherReceivablesNetCurrent', window );">Intercompany amount due</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 200,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<div style="display: none;">
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_DeferredTaxAssetsOther">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount, before allocation of valuation allowance, of deferred tax asset attributable to deductible temporary differences, classified as other.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Topic 740<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 6<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482685/740-10-50-6<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_DeferredTaxAssetsOther</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_GainLossOnInvestments">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of realized and unrealized gain (loss) on investment.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Topic 220<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-03(9)(a))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147483621/220-10-S99-2<br><br>Reference 2: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Topic 220<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-03(7)(c))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147483621/220-10-S99-2<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/recommendedDisclosureRef<br> -Topic 230<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 28<br> -Subparagraph (b)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482740/230-10-45-28<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_GainLossOnInvestments</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_NewAccountingPronouncementsOrChangeInAccountingPrincipleLineItems">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Line items represent financial concepts included in a table. These concepts are used to disclose reportable information associated with domain members defined in one or many axes to the table.</p></div>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_NewAccountingPronouncementsOrChangeInAccountingPrincipleLineItems</td>
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<tr>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount, after allowance, of receivables classified as other, due within one year or the operating cycle, if longer.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of expense for research and development. Includes, but is not limited to, cost for computer software product to be sold, leased, or otherwise marketed and writeoff of research and development assets acquired in transaction other than business combination or joint venture formation or both. Excludes write-down of intangible asset acquired in business combination or from joint venture formation or both, used in research and development activity.</p></div>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
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<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="2"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>SUBSEQUENT EVENTS (Details Narrative) - USD ($)<br></strong></div></th>
<th class="th" colspan="1"></th>
<th class="th" colspan="1"></th>
<th class="th" colspan="1">1 Months Ended</th>
<th class="th" colspan="2">12 Months Ended</th>
<th class="th" colspan="1"></th>
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<tr>
<th class="th"><div>Mar. 14, 2025</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Feb. 27, 2025</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Sep. 30, 2024</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Dec. 31, 2024</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Dec. 31, 2023</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Feb. 28, 2025</div></th>
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<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
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<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
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<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
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<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
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<td class="nump">$ 0.00001<span></span>
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<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
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<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
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<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
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<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
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<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
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<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">2,808,071<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">2,021,236<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_PreferredStockSharesIssued', window );">Preferred stock, shares issued</a></td>
<td class="nump">12,500,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_PreferredStockParOrStatedValuePerShare', window );">Preferred stock, par value</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 0.00001<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 0.00001<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_SubsequentEventTypeAxis=us-gaap_SubsequentEventMember', window );">Subsequent Event [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_SubsequentEventLineItems', window );"><strong>Subsequent Event [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_CommonStockParOrStatedValuePerShare', window );">Common stock, par value</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 0.00001<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_IVDA_AmountsDueToReimbursements', window );">Amounts due to reimbursements</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 5,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesNewIssues', window );">Stock issued during period shares new issues</a></td>
<td class="nump">312,500,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_CommonStockSharesIssued', window );">Common stock, shares issued</a></td>
<td class="nump">300<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_PreferredStockParOrStatedValuePerShare', window );">Preferred stock, par value</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 0.00001<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_LesseeOperatingLeaseRenewalTerm', window );">Lessee operating lease renewal term</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">5 years<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_TypeOfArrangementAxis=IVDA_AtTheMarketOfferingAgreementMember', window );">At The Market Offering Agreement [Member] | Subsequent Event [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_SubsequentEventLineItems', window );"><strong>Subsequent Event [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_CommonStockParOrStatedValuePerShare', window );">Common stock, par value</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 0.00001<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodValueIssuedForServices', window );">Stock issued during period value issued for services</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 5,082,431<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_LegalFees', window );">Legal fees</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 50,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<div style="display: none;">
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_IVDA_AmountsDueToReimbursements">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amounts due to reimbursements.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">IVDA_AmountsDueToReimbursements</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>IVDA_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_CommonStockParOrStatedValuePerShare">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Face amount or stated value per share of common stock.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(29))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480566/210-10-S99-1<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_CommonStockParOrStatedValuePerShare</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dtr-types:perShareItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_CommonStockSharesIssued">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Total number of common shares of an entity that have been sold or granted to shareholders (includes common shares that were issued, repurchased and remain in the treasury). These shares represent capital invested by the firm's shareholders and owners, and may be all or only a portion of the number of shares authorized. Shares issued include shares outstanding and shares held in the treasury.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(29))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480566/210-10-S99-1<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_CommonStockSharesIssued</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:sharesItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_LegalFees">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The amount of expense provided in the period for legal costs incurred on or before the balance sheet date pertaining to resolved, pending or threatened litigation, including arbitration and mediation proceedings.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-03(6))<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Topic 220<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147483621/220-10-S99-2<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_LegalFees</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_LesseeOperatingLeaseRenewalTerm">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Term of lessee's operating lease renewal, in 'PnYnMnDTnHnMnS' format, for example, 'P1Y5M13D' represents reported fact of one year, five months, and thirteen days.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Topic 842<br> -SubTopic 20<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 3<br> -Subparagraph (a)(3)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147478964/842-20-50-3<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_LesseeOperatingLeaseRenewalTerm</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:durationItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_PreferredStockParOrStatedValuePerShare">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Face amount or stated value per share of preferred stock nonredeemable or redeemable solely at the option of the issuer.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(28))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480566/210-10-S99-1<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 505<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 13<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147481112/505-10-50-13<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_PreferredStockParOrStatedValuePerShare</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dtr-types:perShareItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_PreferredStockSharesIssued">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Number of shares issued for nonredeemable preferred shares and preferred shares redeemable solely at option of issuer. Includes, but is not limited to, preferred shares issued, repurchased, and held as treasury shares. Excludes preferred shares classified as debt.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(28))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480566/210-10-S99-1<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 505<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 13<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147481112/505-10-50-13<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_PreferredStockSharesIssued</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:sharesItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesNewIssues">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Number of new stock issued during the period.</p></div>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Value of stock issued in lieu of cash for services contributed to the entity. Value of the stock issued includes, but is not limited to, services contributed by vendors and founders.</p></div>
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restatements on our previously filed financial statements for the year ending December 31, 2023. The purpose of this Amendment #1 to the
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    <cyd:CybersecurityRiskManagementProcessesForAssessingIdentifyingAndManagingThreatsTextBlock contextRef="From2024-01-01to2024-12-31" id="Fact000046">&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;Cybersecurity
Risk Management and Strategy&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&#160;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;We
recognize the importance of assessing, identifying, and managing material risks associated with cybersecurity threats, as such term is
defined in Item 106(a) of Regulation S-K. These risks include, among other things: operational risks, intellectual property theft, fraud,
extortion, harm to employees or customers and violation of data privacy or security laws.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;span class="xdx_phnt_RGlzY2xvc3VyZSAtIEN5YmVyc2VjdXJpdHkgUmlzayBNYW5hZ2VtZW50IGFuZCBTdHJhdGVneSBEaXNjbG9zdXJlAA__" id="xdx_909_ecyd--CybersecurityRiskMateriallyAffectedOrReasonablyLikelyToMateriallyAffectRegistrantTextBlock_c20240101__20241231_ztd1S1g67Dy2"&gt;We
do &lt;span class="xdx_phnt_RGlzY2xvc3VyZSAtIEN5YmVyc2VjdXJpdHkgUmlzayBNYW5hZ2VtZW50IGFuZCBTdHJhdGVneSBEaXNjbG9zdXJlAA__" id="xdx_905_ecyd--CybersecurityRiskMateriallyAffectedOrReasonablyLikelyToMateriallyAffectRegistrantFlag_dbF_c20240101__20241231_zbwLjuS8wqNh"&gt;no&lt;/span&gt;t presently have any general processes for assessing, identifying, and managing material risks from cybersecurity threats.&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="xdx_phnt_RGlzY2xvc3VyZSAtIEN5YmVyc2VjdXJpdHkgUmlzayBNYW5hZ2VtZW50IGFuZCBTdHJhdGVneSBEaXNjbG9zdXJlAA__" id="xdx_900_ecyd--CybersecurityRiskManagementProcessesIntegratedTextBlock_c20240101__20241231_zohjeG1JhA7a"&gt;As we
expand our business operations, we plan to develop processes that will allow for the identification and assessment of cybersecurity risk
that will be &lt;span class="xdx_phnt_RGlzY2xvc3VyZSAtIEN5YmVyc2VjdXJpdHkgUmlzayBNYW5hZ2VtZW50IGFuZCBTdHJhdGVneSBEaXNjbG9zdXJlAA__" id="xdx_905_ecyd--CybersecurityRiskManagementProcessesIntegratedFlag_dbT_c20240101__20241231_ze679nNaIzp6"&gt;integrated&lt;/span&gt; into an overall risk management system, which will be managed by senior management and overseen by the Board
of Directors.&lt;/span&gt; As part of this development, we plan to identify and address cybersecurity risks related to our business, privacy and compliance
issues through a multi-faceted approach that is expected to include third party assessments, internal information technology (IT) audit,
IT security, governance, risk and compliance reviews. In connection with these planned approaches, and to defend, detect and respond
to cybersecurity incidents, we, among other things, will consider: conducting proactive privacy and cybersecurity reviews of systems
and applications, audits of applicable data policies, performing penetration testing using external third-party tools and techniques
to test security controls, conducting employee training, monitoring emerging laws and regulations related to data protection and information
security, and implementing appropriate changes.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;As
part of the above planned processes, we may engage external auditors and consultants with expertise in cybersecurity to assess our internal
cybersecurity programs and compliance with applicable practices and standards.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;We
plan to design our risk management program to also assesses third party risks, and we plan to perform third-party risk management to
identify and mitigate risks from &lt;span class="xdx_phnt_RGlzY2xvc3VyZSAtIEN5YmVyc2VjdXJpdHkgUmlzayBNYW5hZ2VtZW50IGFuZCBTdHJhdGVneSBEaXNjbG9zdXJlAA__" id="xdx_900_ecyd--CybersecurityRiskManagementThirdPartyEngagedFlag_dbT_c20240101__20241231_z6O7o51omNHh"&gt;third parties&lt;/span&gt;, such as vendors, suppliers, and other business partners associated with our use of third-party
service providers. In addition to new vendor onboarding, we plan to perform risk management during third-party cybersecurity compromise
incidents to identify and mitigate risks to us from third-party incidents.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&#160;</cyd:CybersecurityRiskManagementProcessesForAssessingIdentifyingAndManagingThreatsTextBlock>
    <cyd:CybersecurityRiskMateriallyAffectedOrReasonablyLikelyToMateriallyAffectRegistrantTextBlock contextRef="From2024-01-01to2024-12-31" id="Fact000047">We
do &lt;span class="xdx_phnt_RGlzY2xvc3VyZSAtIEN5YmVyc2VjdXJpdHkgUmlzayBNYW5hZ2VtZW50IGFuZCBTdHJhdGVneSBEaXNjbG9zdXJlAA__" id="xdx_905_ecyd--CybersecurityRiskMateriallyAffectedOrReasonablyLikelyToMateriallyAffectRegistrantFlag_dbF_c20240101__20241231_zbwLjuS8wqNh"&gt;no&lt;/span&gt;t presently have any general processes for assessing, identifying, and managing material risks from cybersecurity threats.</cyd:CybersecurityRiskMateriallyAffectedOrReasonablyLikelyToMateriallyAffectRegistrantTextBlock>
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    <cyd:CybersecurityRiskManagementProcessesIntegratedTextBlock contextRef="From2024-01-01to2024-12-31" id="Fact000049">As we
expand our business operations, we plan to develop processes that will allow for the identification and assessment of cybersecurity risk
that will be &lt;span class="xdx_phnt_RGlzY2xvc3VyZSAtIEN5YmVyc2VjdXJpdHkgUmlzayBNYW5hZ2VtZW50IGFuZCBTdHJhdGVneSBEaXNjbG9zdXJlAA__" id="xdx_905_ecyd--CybersecurityRiskManagementProcessesIntegratedFlag_dbT_c20240101__20241231_ze679nNaIzp6"&gt;integrated&lt;/span&gt; into an overall risk management system, which will be managed by senior management and overseen by the Board
of Directors.</cyd:CybersecurityRiskManagementProcessesIntegratedTextBlock>
    <cyd:CybersecurityRiskManagementProcessesIntegratedFlag contextRef="From2024-01-01to2024-12-31" id="Fact000050">true</cyd:CybersecurityRiskManagementProcessesIntegratedFlag>
    <cyd:CybersecurityRiskManagementThirdPartyEngagedFlag contextRef="From2024-01-01to2024-12-31" id="Fact000051">true</cyd:CybersecurityRiskManagementThirdPartyEngagedFlag>
    <cyd:CybersecurityRiskBoardOfDirectorsOversightTextBlock contextRef="From2024-01-01to2024-12-31" id="Fact000055">&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;Cybersecurity
Governance&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&#160;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;We
expect that cybersecurity will become an important part of our risk management processes and an area of focus for our Board of Directors
and management. &lt;span class="xdx_phnt_RGlzY2xvc3VyZSAtIEN5YmVyc2VjdXJpdHkgUmlzayBNYW5hZ2VtZW50IGFuZCBTdHJhdGVneSBEaXNjbG9zdXJlAA__" id="xdx_901_ecyd--CybersecurityRiskBoardCommitteeOrSubcommitteeResponsibleForOversightTextBlock_c20240101__20241231_zi52hbMgphpe"&gt;We expect that our Board of Directors will be responsible for the oversight of risks from cybersecurity threats. We expect
our senior management will provide our Board of Directors updates on a quarterly basis regarding matters of cybersecurity.&lt;/span&gt; This is expected
to include existing and new cybersecurity risks, status on how management is addressing and/or mitigating those risks, cybersecurity
and data privacy incidents (if any) and status on key information security initiatives. We expect that our Board members will also engage
in periodic conversations with management on cybersecurity-related news events and discuss any updates to our cybersecurity risk management
and strategy programs.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;span class="xdx_phnt_RGlzY2xvc3VyZSAtIEN5YmVyc2VjdXJpdHkgUmlzayBNYW5hZ2VtZW50IGFuZCBTdHJhdGVneSBEaXNjbG9zdXJlAA__" id="xdx_901_ecyd--CybersecurityRiskManagementPositionsOrCommitteesResponsibleReportToBoardFlag_dbT_c20240101__20241231_z3aWZd4oZdTl"&gt;Currently,
our Chief Financial Officer is expected to lead our cybersecurity risk assessment and management processes and oversees their implementation
and maintenance.&lt;/span&gt; Our Chief Financial Officer will be tasked with staying informed about, and monitoring the prevention, mitigation, detection
and remediation of cybersecurity incidents through his management of, and participation in, the cybersecurity risk management and strategy
processes we plan to develop and as described above, including the operation of an incident response plan, and report to the Board of
Directors on any appropriate items.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&#160;</cyd:CybersecurityRiskBoardOfDirectorsOversightTextBlock>
    <cyd:CybersecurityRiskBoardCommitteeOrSubcommitteeResponsibleForOversightTextBlock contextRef="From2024-01-01to2024-12-31" id="Fact000056">We expect that our Board of Directors will be responsible for the oversight of risks from cybersecurity threats. We expect
our senior management will provide our Board of Directors updates on a quarterly basis regarding matters of cybersecurity.</cyd:CybersecurityRiskBoardCommitteeOrSubcommitteeResponsibleForOversightTextBlock>
    <cyd:CybersecurityRiskManagementPositionsOrCommitteesResponsibleReportToBoardFlag contextRef="From2024-01-01to2024-12-31" id="Fact000057">true</cyd:CybersecurityRiskManagementPositionsOrCommitteesResponsibleReportToBoardFlag>
    <ecd:Rule10b51ArrAdoptedFlag contextRef="From2024-10-012024-12-31" id="Fact000058">false</ecd:Rule10b51ArrAdoptedFlag>
    <ecd:NonRule10b51ArrAdoptedFlag contextRef="From2024-10-012024-12-31" id="Fact000059">false</ecd:NonRule10b51ArrAdoptedFlag>
    <ecd:Rule10b51ArrTrmntdFlag contextRef="From2024-10-012024-12-31" id="Fact000060">false</ecd:Rule10b51ArrTrmntdFlag>
    <ecd:NonRule10b51ArrTrmntdFlag contextRef="From2024-10-012024-12-31" id="Fact000061">false</ecd:NonRule10b51ArrTrmntdFlag>
    <dei:AuditorFirmId contextRef="From2024-01-01to2024-12-31" id="Fact000062">572</dei:AuditorFirmId>
    <dei:AuditorOpinionTextBlock contextRef="From2024-01-01to2024-12-31" id="Fact000063">We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance
sheets of Iveda Solutions, Inc. (the &#x201c;Company&#x201d;) as of December 31, 2024 and 2023, the related consolidated statements of operations,
stockholders&#x2019; equity, and cash flows for the years then ended, and the related notes (collectively referred to as the &#x201c;consolidated
financial statements&#x201d;). In our opinion, the consolidated financial statements present fairly, in all material respects, the consolidated
financial position of the Company as of December 31, 2024 and 2023, and the results of its operations and its cash flows for the years
then ended, in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America.</dei:AuditorOpinionTextBlock>
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1 &lt;span&gt;&lt;span id="xdx_82C_zV3vufKDkUX4"&gt;SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;Iveda Solutions, Inc. (&#x201c;Iveda&#x201d;, or the &#x201c;Company&#x201d;) was incorporated in Nevada as Charmed Homes, Inc. in June 2006.
On October 15, 2009, IntelaSight, d/b/a Iveda, a Washington corporation, became a wholly owned subsidiary of the Company. In December
2010, IntelaSight merged with and into the Company and the Company became the surviving company. Iveda offered the first cloud hosting
of streaming and recorded video from security cameras for its customers and real-time remote surveillance service utilizing intervention
specialists to watch our customers&#x2019; cameras in real time, 24/7. Iveda offers smart city technologies globally, offering advanced
AI-driven video surveillance solutions and a robust suite of Internet of Things (IoT) platforms that power digital transformation for
cities and commercial clients worldwide.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p id="xdx_84B_eus-gaap--ConsolidationPolicyTextBlock_zYDDrMxFe3aj" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style="text-decoration: underline"&gt;&lt;span id="xdx_864_zgKN078iu6lf"&gt;Consolidation&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Effective
April 30, 2011, we completed our acquisition of Sole Vision Technologies (fka MEGAsys and dba Iveda Taiwan), a company based in Taiwan.
We consolidate our financial statements with the financial statements of Iveda Taiwan. All intercompany balances and transactions have
been eliminated in consolidation.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

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&lt;p id="xdx_84A_ecustom--GoingConcernPolicyTextBlock_zShAgHbnStOd" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style="text-decoration: underline"&gt;Going
Concern&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;The
accompanying consolidated financial statements have been prepared in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the
United States of America, which contemplates the continuation of the Company as a going concern. The Company experienced net losses and
negative operating cash flows during the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023. These factors raise substantial doubt about the Company&#x2019;s
ability to continue as a going concern.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;At
December 31, 2024, the Company had cash on hand in the amount of $&lt;span id="xdx_900_eus-gaap--Cash_iI_c20241231_zNHAWgF151v4" title="Cash on hand"&gt;2,658,300&lt;/span&gt;. Management does not expect that its current liquidity
will support operations from a date of twelve months from the issuance of this financial statement. As a result, management has concluded
that there is substantial doubt about the Company&#x2019;s ability to continue as a going concern. The accompanying consolidated financial
statements do not include any adjustments relating to the recoverability and classification of recorded assets, or the amounts and classification
of liabilities that might be necessary in the event the company cannot continue as a going concern.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;The
continuation of the Company as a going concern is dependent upon its ability to obtain necessary debt or equity financing to continue
operations until it begins generating positive cash flow. No assurance can be given that any future financing will be available or, if
available, that it will be on terms that are satisfactory to the Company. Even if the Company is able to obtain additional financing,
it may contain undue restrictions on our operations in the case of debt financing, or cause substantial dilution for our stockholders,
in case of equity financing.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p id="xdx_84C_eus-gaap--ImpairmentOrDisposalOfLongLivedAssetsPolicyTextBlock_zsiXg14kbshb" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p id="xdx_846_eus-gaap--BasisOfAccountingPolicyPolicyTextBlock_zhRpjLjwFsha" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style="text-decoration: underline"&gt;&lt;span id="xdx_86B_zxyfPiS6TaK7"&gt;Basis
of Accounting&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Our
consolidated financial statements have been prepared on the accrual basis of accounting in conformity with accounting principles generally
accepted in the United States of America.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p id="xdx_849_eus-gaap--UseOfEstimates_zZDe8llPXhV4" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style="text-decoration: underline"&gt;&lt;span id="xdx_868_zHWIbrach7kg"&gt;Use
of Estimates&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;The
preparation of financial statements in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America
requires us to make estimates and assumptions that affect the amounts reported in the financial statements and accompanying notes. &lt;/span&gt;Accordingly,
actual results could differ from those estimates. On an ongoing basis, we evaluate our estimates, including those related to
accounts receivable, deferred cost of revenue, share-based compensation, deferred income taxes, provisions for losses, and inventory
reserve, among other items.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p id="xdx_845_eus-gaap--UtilityRevenueAndExpenseRecognitionPolicy_zO37TSCFGdAl" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style="text-decoration: underline"&gt;&lt;span id="xdx_869_z2TnMVuxGOF6"&gt;Revenue
and Expense Recognition&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;The
Company applies the provisions of Accounting Standards Codification (ASC) 606-10, &lt;i&gt;Revenue from Contracts with Customers&lt;/i&gt;, and all
related appropriate guidance. The Company recognizes revenue under the core principle to depict the transfer of control to its customers
in an amount reflecting the consideration to which it expects to be entitled. In order to achieve that core principle, the Company applies
the following five-step approach: (1) identify the contract with a customer, (2) identify the performance obligations in the contract,
(3) determine the transaction price, (4) allocate the transaction price to the performance obligations in the contract, and (5) recognize
revenue when a performance obligation is satisfied.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;The
Company considers customer purchase orders, which in some cases are governed by master sales agreements, to be the contracts with
the customer. In situations where sales are to a distributor, the Company had concluded its contracts are with the distributor as
the Company holds a contract bearing enforceable rights and obligations only with the distributor. As part of its consideration for
the contract, the Company evaluates certain factors including the customers&#x2019; ability to pay (or credit risk). For each
contract, the Company considers the promise to transfer products, each of which is distinct, to be the identified performance
obligations. In determining the transaction price, the Company evaluates whether the price is subject to refund or adjustment to
determine the net consideration to which it expects to be entitled. As the Company&#x2019;s standard payment terms are less than one
year, it has elected the practical expedient under ASC 606-10-32-18 to not assess whether a contract has a significant financing
component. The Company allocates the transaction price to each distinct product based on its relative standalone selling price. The
product price as specified on the purchase order is considered the standalone selling price as it is an observable input which
depicts the price as if sold to a similar customer in similar circumstances. Revenue is recognized when control of the product is
transferred to the customer (&lt;i&gt;i.e.&lt;/i&gt;, when the Company&#x2019;s performance obligations is satisfied), which typically occurs at
shipment unless installation is required as with certain of our Taiwan sales &#x2013; see below. Further in determining whether control has been transferred, the Company considers if there is a present right to payment
and legal title, along with risks and rewards of ownership having transferred to the customer. Customers do not have a right to
return the product other than for warranty reasons for which they would only receive repair services or replacement product. The
Company has also elected the practical expedient under ASC 340-40-25-4 to expense commissions for product sales when incurred as the
amortization period of the commission asset the Company would have otherwise recognized is less than one year.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;




&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;The
Company sells its products and services primarily to municipalities and commercial customers in the following manner:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse"&gt;
  &lt;tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#x25cf;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;The
    majority of Iveda Taiwan sales are project sales to Taiwan customers and are made direct to the end customer (typically a municipality
    or a commercial customer) through its sales force, which is composed of its employees. Revenue is recorded when the equipment is
    shipped to the end customer unless the contract requires the inventory to be installed before it can be billed and charged for service
    when installation or maintenance work is performed. If inventory is shipped to the customer before it is installed the inventory
    is reclassified to Deferred Cost of Goods.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;/table&gt;
&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Revenue
for product and software sales without installation is recorded when the product and/or software has been shipped to the customer. Revenue
from fixed-price equipment installation contracts, if any, is recognized as the contracts allow for invoicing at various milestones.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;General
and administrative costs are charged to expense as incurred. Provisions for estimated losses on uncompleted contracts are made in the
period in which such losses are determined. Changes in job performance, job conditions, and estimated profitability may result in revisions
to costs and income and are recognized in the period in which the revisions are determined. Changes in estimated job profitability resulting
from job performance, job conditions, contract penalty provisions, claims, change orders, and settlements are accounted for as changes
in estimates in the current period. Profit incentives are included in revenue when their realization is deemed earned by the contract.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse"&gt;
  &lt;tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#x25cf;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Iveda
    US hardware sales are to domestic and international customers and are made through independent distributors or integrators who purchase
    products from the Company at a wholesale price and sell to the end user (typically municipalities or a commercial customer) at a
    retail price. The distributor retains the margin as its compensation for its role in the transaction. The distributor or integrator
    generally maintains product inventory or product is drop shipped from the manufacturer, customer receivables and all related risks
    and rewards of ownership. Accordingly, upon application of steps one through five above, revenue is recorded when the product is
    shipped to the distributor or as directed by the distributor consistent with the terms of the distribution agreement.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#x25cf;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
    &lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Iveda
US also sells software that include licensing fees that are paid either monthly or yearly. The revenues are recorded monthly, if the
license is paid yearly the revenue will be recorded as deferred revenue and amortized on a straight-line basis over the respective time
period.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#x25cf;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Iveda
    US also sells hardware and software warranty and maintenance for an annual fee that are paid yearly. The revenues are recorded annually,
    if the revenue is a material amount it will be recorded as deferred revenue and amortized on a straight-line basis over the respective
    time period.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;/table&gt;
&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p id="xdx_897_eus-gaap--DisaggregationOfRevenueTableTextBlock_znlG46Yr3ENf" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify"&gt;The following table presents our net sales by revenue
source and the period over period percentage change, for the period presented:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;span id="xdx_8B6_zz9Kztis5NT" style="display: none"&gt;Schedule
of Disaggregation of Revenue&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 60%; margin-left: 0.5in"&gt;
  &lt;tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; display: none; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_498_20240101__20241231_zNkBp9KkTc6b" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_491_20230101__20231231_zJsXlbuECEF8" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="10" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Years
    Ended December 31,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;2024&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;2023&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;%
    Change&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Net
    Sales Source&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_409_eus-gaap--RevenueFromContractWithCustomerExcludingAssessedTax_hus-gaap--ContractWithCustomerSalesChannelAxis__custom--CommercialEnterprisesMember_z4zlHnu645k4" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 46%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Commercial
    Enterprises&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 2%"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 14%; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;4,675,122&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 2%"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 14%; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;6,104,478&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 2%"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_984_ecustom--ChangeInRevenuePercentage_pid_dp_uPure_c20240101__20241231__us-gaap--ContractWithCustomerSalesChannelAxis__custom--CommercialEnterprisesMember_z0zDSOcNquO" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 14%; text-align: right" title="Change in sales, percentage"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;(23&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;%)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_409_eus-gaap--RevenueFromContractWithCustomerExcludingAssessedTax_hus-gaap--ContractWithCustomerSalesChannelAxis__custom--DistributorsMember_zCRCfvSJHPlk" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Distributors&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;762,660&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;88,047&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_981_ecustom--ChangeInRevenuePercentage_pid_dp_uPure_c20240101__20241231__us-gaap--ContractWithCustomerSalesChannelAxis__custom--DistributorsMember_zVLG2vFsW0Xj" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Change in sales, percentage"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;766&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;%&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_400_eus-gaap--RevenueFromContractWithCustomerExcludingAssessedTax_hus-gaap--ContractWithCustomerSalesChannelAxis__custom--MunicipalitiesMember_zIyKlPEZnYae" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Municipalities&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;170,467&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;156,701&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_988_ecustom--ChangeInRevenuePercentage_pid_dp_uPure_c20240101__20241231__us-gaap--ContractWithCustomerSalesChannelAxis__custom--MunicipalitiesMember_zvXr8letoMuc" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Change in sales, percentage"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;9&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;%&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_404_eus-gaap--RevenueFromContractWithCustomerExcludingAssessedTax_hus-gaap--ContractWithCustomerSalesChannelAxis__custom--TaiwanGovernmentMember_zdBGOmHh4667" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Taiwan
    Government&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;319,767&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl0547"&gt;-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_984_ecustom--ChangeInRevenuePercentage_pid_dp_uPure_c20240101__20241231__us-gaap--ContractWithCustomerSalesChannelAxis__custom--TaiwanGovernmentMember_zld6mL0JwF4b" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Change in sales, percentage"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;100&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;%&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_408_eus-gaap--RevenueFromContractWithCustomerExcludingAssessedTax_hus-gaap--ContractWithCustomerSalesChannelAxis__custom--OtherMember_zVickumMvyIh" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Other&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;92,625&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;148,311&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_980_ecustom--ChangeInRevenuePercentage_pid_dp_uPure_c20240101__20241231__us-gaap--ContractWithCustomerSalesChannelAxis__custom--OtherMember_zAylXG0c9YLk" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Change in sales, percentage"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;(38&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;%)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_40C_eus-gaap--RevenueFromContractWithCustomerExcludingAssessedTax_zskWkTnBfei5" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="display: none; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;Total
    Net Sales Source&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;6,020,639&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;6,495,865&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_988_ecustom--ChangeInRevenuePercentage_pid_dp_uPure_c20240101__20241231_ztgUMpLQNpXh" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Change in sales, percentage"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;(7&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;%)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;/table&gt;

&lt;p id="xdx_8AA_zC3vvvfqUvlg" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify"&gt;The Company sells and installs video
surveillance systems comprised of various components of hardware and software.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p id="xdx_84E_eus-gaap--ComprehensiveIncomePolicyPolicyTextBlock_zvBM4hFJtbja" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style="text-decoration: underline"&gt;&lt;span id="xdx_86A_z3YDLQ8xdc31"&gt;Comprehensive
Loss&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Comprehensive
loss is defined to include all changes in equity except those resulting from investments by owners and distributions to owners. Among
other disclosures, all items that are required to be recognized under current accounting standards as components of comprehensive income
are required to be reported in a financial statement that is presented with the same prominence as other financial statements. Our current
component of other comprehensive income is the foreign currency translation adjustment.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p id="xdx_849_eus-gaap--ConcentrationRiskCreditRisk_zvq8WOgpnbQ" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style="text-decoration: underline"&gt;&lt;span id="xdx_863_zYwDuDCNxplb"&gt;Concentrations&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Financial
instruments, which potentially subject us to concentrations of credit risk, consist principally of cash and cash equivalents and trade
accounts receivable.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Substantially
all cash is deposited in three financial institutions, two in the United States and one in Taiwan. At times, amounts on deposit in the
United States may be in excess of the FDIC insurance limit. Deposits in Taiwan financial institutions are insured by CDIC (Central Deposit
Insurance Corporation) with maximum coverage of NTD &lt;span id="xdx_907_eus-gaap--CashFDICInsuredAmount_iI_pn6n6_uNTD_c20241231_zf2ypjpe4YVa"&gt;3&lt;/span&gt; million. At times, amounts on deposit in Taiwan may be in excess of the CDIC Insurance
limit.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;




&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Revenue
from five customers out of approximately 70 total customers represented approximately &lt;span id="xdx_90F_ecustom--ConcentrationRiskPercentage_dp_uPure_c20240101__20241231__us-gaap--ConcentrationRiskByBenchmarkAxis__us-gaap--SalesRevenueNetMember__us-gaap--ConcentrationRiskByTypeAxis__us-gaap--CustomerConcentrationRiskMember__srt--MajorCustomersAxis__custom--FiveCustomersMember_zpCB5o8WsHCc" title="Concentration risk, percentage"&gt;67&lt;/span&gt;% of total revenue for the year ended December
31, 2024. These specific customers were 1) Chunghwa Telecom with &lt;span id="xdx_90A_ecustom--ConcentrationRiskPercentage_dp_uPure_c20240101__20241231__us-gaap--ConcentrationRiskByBenchmarkAxis__us-gaap--SalesRevenueNetMember__us-gaap--ConcentrationRiskByTypeAxis__us-gaap--CustomerConcentrationRiskMember__srt--MajorCustomersAxis__custom--ChunghwaTelecomMember_zjcps7QcNpX4" title="Concentration risk, percentage"&gt;18&lt;/span&gt;% 2) SECURITY INTEGRATION &amp;amp; CONSULTANT TECHNOLOGY CO., LTD. with
&lt;span id="xdx_90A_ecustom--ConcentrationRiskPercentage_dp_uPure_c20240101__20241231__us-gaap--ConcentrationRiskByBenchmarkAxis__us-gaap--SalesRevenueNetMember__us-gaap--ConcentrationRiskByTypeAxis__us-gaap--CustomerConcentrationRiskMember__srt--MajorCustomersAxis__custom--SecurityIntegrationAndConsultantTechnologyCoLtdMember_znTGVbI63CD5" title="Concentration risk, percentage"&gt;16&lt;/span&gt;%, 3) Chicony Power Technology Co Ltd with &lt;span id="xdx_90E_ecustom--ConcentrationRiskPercentage_dp_uPure_c20240101__20241231__us-gaap--ConcentrationRiskByBenchmarkAxis__us-gaap--SalesRevenueNetMember__us-gaap--ConcentrationRiskByTypeAxis__us-gaap--CustomerConcentrationRiskMember__srt--MajorCustomersAxis__custom--ChiconyPowerTechnologyCoLtdMember_zYsUgMSRR5k" title="Concentration risk, percentage"&gt;11&lt;/span&gt;% and 4) HWACOM SYSTEMS INC. with &lt;span id="xdx_900_ecustom--ConcentrationRiskPercentage_dp_uPure_c20240101__20241231__us-gaap--ConcentrationRiskByBenchmarkAxis__us-gaap--SalesRevenueNetMember__us-gaap--ConcentrationRiskByTypeAxis__us-gaap--CustomerConcentrationRiskMember__srt--MajorCustomersAxis__custom--HWACOMSYSTEMSINCMember_zcflv6WSArVh" title="Concentration risk, percentage"&gt;10&lt;/span&gt;%, (all Taiwan companies) and Claro Enterprise Solutions
(a US company) with &lt;span id="xdx_90D_ecustom--ConcentrationRiskPercentage_dp_uPure_c20240101__20241231__us-gaap--ConcentrationRiskByBenchmarkAxis__us-gaap--SalesRevenueNetMember__us-gaap--ConcentrationRiskByTypeAxis__us-gaap--CustomerConcentrationRiskMember__srt--MajorCustomersAxis__custom--ClaroEnterpriseSolutionsMember_zcq39d9A17ic" title="Concentration risk, percentage"&gt;12&lt;/span&gt;%. Revenue from two customers out of 65 total customers represented approximately &lt;span id="xdx_90D_ecustom--ConcentrationRiskPercentage_dp_uPure_c20230101__20231231__us-gaap--ConcentrationRiskByBenchmarkAxis__us-gaap--SalesRevenueNetMember__us-gaap--ConcentrationRiskByTypeAxis__us-gaap--CustomerConcentrationRiskMember__srt--MajorCustomersAxis__custom--TwoCustomersMember_zdcbcL54wMMi" title="Concentration risk, percentage"&gt;48&lt;/span&gt;% of total revenue for the
year ended December 31, 2023. These specific customers were 1) YOU MING HUEI CO. LTD with &lt;span id="xdx_900_ecustom--ConcentrationRiskPercentage_pid_dp_uPure_c20230101__20231231__us-gaap--ConcentrationRiskByBenchmarkAxis__us-gaap--SalesRevenueNetMember__us-gaap--ConcentrationRiskByTypeAxis__us-gaap--CustomerConcentrationRiskMember__dei--LegalEntityAxis__custom--YouMingHueiCoLtdMember_zmuFbIKhy85" title="Concentration risk, percentage"&gt;25&lt;/span&gt;%, 2) Chicony Power Technology Co Ltd with
&lt;span id="xdx_90F_ecustom--ConcentrationRiskPercentage_dp_uPure_c20230101__20231231__us-gaap--ConcentrationRiskByBenchmarkAxis__us-gaap--SalesRevenueNetMember__us-gaap--ConcentrationRiskByTypeAxis__us-gaap--CustomerConcentrationRiskMember__dei--LegalEntityAxis__custom--ChiconyPowerTechnologyMember_zTv5NGWcZbPi" title="Concentration risk, percentage"&gt;23&lt;/span&gt;%, (both Taiwan companies). Total number of customers were 70 and 65, for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;span id="xdx_909_ecustom--ConcentrationRiskPercentage_pid_dp_uPure_c20240101__20241231__us-gaap--ConcentrationRiskByBenchmarkAxis__us-gaap--AccountsReceivableMember__us-gaap--ConcentrationRiskByTypeAxis__us-gaap--CustomerConcentrationRiskMember__srt--MajorCustomersAxis__custom--OneCustomersMember_zGr28hJtcSpi" title="Concentration risk, percentage"&gt;52&lt;/span&gt;%
of the total accounts receivable at December 31, 2024 was from one customer out of a total of 42 customer accounts receivable accounts.
This specific customer was Chunghwa Telecom. Our accounts receivables are unsecured, and we are at risk to the extent such amounts become
uncollectible. Although we perform periodic evaluations of our customers&#x2019; credit and financial condition, we do not require collateral
in exchange for our products and services provided on credit. These customers are longtime customers, and we don&#x2019;t expect any problem
with the collectability of these accounts receivable.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;No
other customers represented greater than &lt;span id="xdx_90B_ecustom--ConcentrationRiskPercentage_dp_uPure_c20240101__20241231__us-gaap--ConcentrationRiskByBenchmarkAxis__us-gaap--SalesRevenueNetMember__us-gaap--ConcentrationRiskByTypeAxis__us-gaap--CustomerConcentrationRiskMember__srt--MajorCustomersAxis__custom--OtherCustomersMember_zZ9n0MVTjBJf" title="Percentage of concentration risk"&gt;&lt;span id="xdx_908_ecustom--ConcentrationRiskPercentage_dp_uPure_c20230101__20231231__us-gaap--ConcentrationRiskByBenchmarkAxis__us-gaap--SalesRevenueNetMember__us-gaap--ConcentrationRiskByTypeAxis__us-gaap--CustomerConcentrationRiskMember__srt--MajorCustomersAxis__custom--OtherCustomersMember_zo2ITHKeQK1b" title="Percentage of concentration risk"&gt;10&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;% of total revenues in years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p id="xdx_84E_eus-gaap--CashAndCashEquivalentsPolicyTextBlock_zdeOkvBfukk5" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style="text-decoration: underline"&gt;&lt;span id="xdx_86E_zTDNePT4A5L"&gt;Cash
and Cash Equivalents&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;For
purposes of the statement of cash flows, we consider all highly liquid debt instruments purchased with an original maturity of three
months or less to be cash equivalents.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;The
Company&#x2019;s consolidated financial statements include the results of operations and financial position of its subsidiary located in Taiwan.
The subsidiary&#x2019;s functional currency is the Taiwan New Dollar (TWD). For consolidation purposes, the subsidiary&#x2019;s financial statements
are translated into US Dollars (USD) using the following methods: Assets and liabilities are translated using the exchange rate
at the balance sheet date. Income statement items are translated using the average exchange rate for the period. Exchange rate
fluctuations between TWD and USD result in gains or losses that are included in Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) until they are realized.
The Company had $&lt;span id="xdx_908_eus-gaap--CashAndCashEquivalentsAtCarryingValue_iI_uNTD_c20241231_zRelCr9Jybr5" title="Cash and cash equivalents at carrying value"&gt;1,025,675&lt;/span&gt; and $&lt;span id="xdx_902_eus-gaap--CashAndCashEquivalentsAtCarryingValue_iI_uNTD_c20231231_zRbBJ1PkVfz6" title="Cash and cash equivalents at carrying value"&gt;1,959,399&lt;/span&gt; of its cash and cash equivalents in Taiwan New Dollars at December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p id="xdx_847_eus-gaap--TradeAndOtherAccountsReceivablePolicy_zgNFw2sfiuKa" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style="text-decoration: underline"&gt;&lt;span id="xdx_864_zdou4cBO5ZSf"&gt;Accounts
Receivable&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;We
provide an allowance for doubtful collections, which is based upon a review of outstanding receivables, historical collection information,
and existing economic conditions. For our U.S.-based segment, receivables past due more than 120 days, if any, are considered delinquent. For
our Taiwan-based segment, receivables over one year are considered delinquent. Delinquent receivables are written off based on individual
credit valuation and specific circumstances of the customer. As of December 31, 2024 and 2023, no allowance for uncollectible accounts
was deemed necessary.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p id="xdx_847_ecustom--OtherCurrentAssetsPolicyTextBlock_zls8iCG6hiXk" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style="text-decoration: underline"&gt;&lt;span id="xdx_861_zHSs1pZFSMxc"&gt;Other
Current Assets&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Other
current assets represent cash paid in advance to vendors for service coverage extending into subsequent periods, advances to suppliers
of product and tender deposits placed with local governments and major customers in Taiwan during the bidding process for new proposed
projects.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p id="xdx_848_eus-gaap--DeferredChargesPolicyTextBlock_zwuy4mJKC5ri" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span id="xdx_862_z4vkNiTFFtY6" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style="text-decoration: underline"&gt;Deferred
Cost of Goods&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;In
Taiwan we ship product to be held at the customer locations in advance of installment per the contract with the customer. We reclassify
inventory that we have purchased and delivered to the customer location to Deferred Cost of Goods until this product is installed
and can be invoiced to the customer.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p id="xdx_846_eus-gaap--InventoryPolicyTextBlock_zKsVdczJJRO" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style="text-decoration: underline"&gt;&lt;span id="xdx_865_z2gPPCu5zJfi"&gt;Inventories&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;Inventory is stated at the lower of cost or net realizable value, with cost determined on a first-in, first-out (&#x201c;FIFO&#x201d;)
basis. &lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;We
review our inventories for excess or obsolete products or components based on an analysis of historical usage and an evaluation of estimated
future demand, market conditions, and alternative uses for possible excess or obsolete parts. There was &lt;span id="xdx_903_eus-gaap--InventoryValuationReserves_iI_do_c20241231_zFVbgf7U44n8"&gt;&lt;span id="xdx_900_eus-gaap--InventoryValuationReserves_iI_do_c20231231_zJpqxG2hx6v9"&gt;no&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; allowance for slow-moving and obsolete
inventory necessary as of December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p id="xdx_840_eus-gaap--PropertyPlantAndEquipmentPolicyTextBlock_zyfBi9kYwIFa" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style="text-decoration: underline"&gt;&lt;span id="xdx_868_zMdmZf7rVc2a"&gt;Property
and Equipment&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Property
and equipment are stated at cost. Depreciation is computed primarily using the straight-line method over estimated useful lives of three&lt;span id="xdx_90C_eus-gaap--PropertyPlantAndEquipmentUsefulLife_iI_dtY_c20241231__srt--RangeAxis__srt--MinimumMember_zsSpTDhed6Oh" style="display: none" title="Property and equipment useful life"&gt;3&lt;/span&gt;
to &lt;span id="xdx_903_eus-gaap--PropertyPlantAndEquipmentUsefulLife_iI_dc_c20241231__srt--RangeAxis__srt--MaximumMember_zMYbJZXpJmz6" title="Property and equipment useful life"&gt;seven years&lt;/span&gt;. Expenditures for routine maintenance and repairs are charged to expense as incurred. Depreciation expense for the years
ended December 31, 2024 and 2023 was $&lt;span id="xdx_907_eus-gaap--Depreciation_pp0p0_c20240101__20241231_zjETU40vBRpa" title="Depreciation expense"&gt;31,805&lt;/span&gt; and $&lt;span id="xdx_901_eus-gaap--Depreciation_pp0p0_c20230101__20231231_zWvhyMX2PrEc" title="Depreciation expense"&gt;19,753&lt;/span&gt;, respectively.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;We
have a relatively minimal amount of property and equipment, consisting primarily of office equipment. We review the recoverability of
the carrying value of long-lived assets using the methodology prescribed in ASC 360 &#x201c;Property, Plant and Equipment.&#x201d; We review
our long-lived assets for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of an asset or asset
group may not be recoverable. Recoverability of long-lived assets to be held and used is measured by a comparison of the carrying amount
of an asset to the undiscounted future net operating cash flows expected to be generated by the asset. If such assets are considered
to be impaired, the impairment to be recognized is measured as the amount by which the carrying value of the assets exceeds their fair
value. Management determined that there was no indicator of impairment as of December 31, 2024 and 2023.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;




&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p id="xdx_84C_eus-gaap--EquityMethodInvestmentsPolicy_zU9oJUKOjgEe" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span id="xdx_86C_zJE3AGJhNZC4"&gt;Equity
Method Investment&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;The
Company accounts for investments in entities in which the Company has significant influence over the entity&#x2019;s financial and operating
policies, but does not control, using the equity method of accounting. The equity method investments are initially recorded at cost,
and subsequently increased for capital contributions and allocations of net income, and decreased for capital distributions and allocations
of net loss. Equity in net income (loss) from the equity method investment is allocated based on the Company&#x2019;s economic interest.
Equity method investments are reviewed for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount may
not be recoverable. If it is determined that a loss in value of the equity method investment is other than temporary, an impairment loss
is measured based on the excess of the carrying amount of an investment over its estimated fair value. Impairment analyses are based
on current plans, intended holding periods, and available information at the time the analysis is prepared. During 2023 the Company made a $&lt;span id="xdx_90E_eus-gaap--Investments_iI_c20231231__srt--ScheduleOfEquityMethodInvestmentEquityMethodInvesteeNameAxis__custom--IvedaPhilsJointVentureMember_zk65nyBNjQgk" title="Investments"&gt;180,000&lt;/span&gt; investment for a &lt;span id="xdx_908_eus-gaap--EquityMethodInvestmentOwnershipPercentage_iI_pid_dp_uPure_c20231231__srt--ScheduleOfEquityMethodInvestmentEquityMethodInvesteeNameAxis__custom--IvedaPhilsJointVentureMember_zQQi8sln7SGe" title="Equity method investment ownership percentage"&gt;40&lt;/span&gt;% interest in
Iveda Phils Joint Venture (located in the Philippines). Based on Management&#x2019;s
assessment, the value of its equity method investment was impaired as of December 31, 2023, and as such, recorded an impairment charge
of $&lt;span id="xdx_90B_ecustom--EquityMethodInvestmentImpairmentCharge_iI_c20231231_zpT35cPEP241" title="Equity method investment impairment charge"&gt;180,000&lt;/span&gt;. As of December 31, 2023 and 2024, the remaining value of its investments was $&lt;span id="xdx_902_eus-gaap--Investments_iI_c20241231_zi6sYa9s2xj" title="Investments"&gt;&lt;span id="xdx_905_eus-gaap--Investments_iI_c20231231_zQD3EzkFed3g" title="Investments"&gt;0&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p id="xdx_84C_eus-gaap--IncomeTaxPolicyTextBlock_zrmY9a4zNdP5" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style="text-decoration: underline"&gt;&lt;span id="xdx_868_zxzOjGDG09rl"&gt;Income
Taxes&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Deferred
income taxes are recognized in the consolidated financial statements for the tax consequences in future years of differences between
the tax bases of assets and liabilities and their financial reporting amounts based on enacted tax laws and statutory tax rates. Temporary
differences arise from sales cut-off, depreciation, deferred rent expense, and net operating losses. Valuation allowances are established
when necessary to reduce deferred tax assets to the amount that represents our best estimate of such deferred tax assets that, more likely
than not, will be realized. Income tax expense is the tax payable for the year and the change during the year in deferred tax assets
and liabilities.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;We
are subject to U.S. federal income tax as well as state income tax.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Our
U.S. income tax returns are subject to review and examination by federal, state, and local authorities. Our U.S. tax returns for the
years 2020 to 2023 are open to examination by federal, local, and state authorities.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Our
Taiwan tax returns are subject to review and examination by the Taiwan Ministry of Finance. Our Taiwan tax return for the years 2020
to 2023 are open to examination by the Taiwan Ministry of Finance.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p id="xdx_840_eus-gaap--CashAndCashEquivalentsRestrictedCashAndCashEquivalentsPolicy_zcSrAwcBSgo1" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style="text-decoration: underline"&gt;&lt;span id="xdx_865_zWhJ1h8iahZh"&gt;Restricted
Cash&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Restricted
cash represents time deposits on account to secure short-term bank loans in our Taiwan-based segment.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; display: none; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;span style="display: none"&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p id="xdx_84C_eus-gaap--RevenueFromContractWithCustomerPolicyTextBlock_z9nUe1VpT271" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"&gt;&lt;span id="xdx_86B_z4D1xHsmT9s" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style="text-decoration: underline"&gt;Deferred
Revenue&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Advance
payments received from customers on future installation projects are recorded as deferred revenue until such time our performance obligations on the contracts are completed.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;




&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p id="xdx_84C_eus-gaap--CompensationRelatedCostsPolicyTextBlock_zrqlIMniVKnk" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style="text-decoration: underline"&gt;&lt;span id="xdx_867_zAxTckzrWor3"&gt;Stock-Based
Compensation&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;The Company periodically issues stock, stock options and restricted stock awards to employees and non-employees in
non-capital raising transactions for services and for financing costs. The Company accounts for such grants issued and vesting based on
ASC 718, Compensation-Stock Compensation whereby the value of the award is measured on the date of grant and recognized for employees
as compensation expense on the straight-line basis over the vesting period. Recognition of compensation expense for non-employees is in
the same period and manner as if the Company had paid cash for the services. The fair value of the Company&#x2019;s stock options is estimated
using the Black-Scholes-Merton Option Pricing model, which uses certain assumptions related to risk-free interest rates, expected volatility,
expected life of the stock options or restricted stock, and future dividends. Compensation expense is recorded based upon the value derived
from the Black-Scholes-Merton Option Pricing model and based on actual experience. The assumptions used in the Black-Scholes-Merton Option
Pricing model could materially affect compensation expense recorded in future periods. We recognized $&lt;span id="xdx_90E_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensation_pp0p0_c20240101__20241231_zxtzcdImOrVa" title="Stock option compensation"&gt;122,600&lt;/span&gt; and $&lt;span id="xdx_906_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensation_pp0p0_c20230101__20231231_zA7oPXtsaC82" title="Stock option compensation"&gt;104,600&lt;/span&gt; of
stock-based compensation expense for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p id="xdx_842_eus-gaap--FairValueOfFinancialInstrumentsPolicy_zSz4fCqLsSy8" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style="text-decoration: underline"&gt;&lt;span id="xdx_868_zBSF8ypWCkKi"&gt;Fair
Value of Financial Instruments&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"&gt;The Company uses various inputs in determining the
fair value of its financial assets and liabilities and measures these assets on a recurring basis. Financial assets recorded at fair value
are categorized by the level of subjectivity associated with the inputs used to measure their fair value. Accounting Standards Codification
Section 820 defines the following levels of subjectivity associated with the inputs:&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"&gt;Level 1&#x2014;Quoted prices in active markets for
identical assets or liabilities.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"&gt;Level 2&#x2014;Inputs, other than the quoted prices
in active markets, that are observable either directly or indirectly.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"&gt;Level 3&#x2014;Unobservable inputs in which there is
little or no market data for the asset or liability which requires the Company to develop its own assumptions.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Fair
value estimates discussed herein are based upon certain market assumptions and pertinent information available to us as of December 31,
2024 and December 31, 2023. The respective carrying values of certain on-balance-sheet financial instruments approximate their fair values.
These financial instruments include cash, accounts receivable, accounts payable, accrued expenses, and amounts due to related parties.
Fair values were assumed to approximate carrying values for these financial instruments because they are short-term in nature and their
carrying amounts approximate their fair values or because they are receivable or payable on demand. &lt;/span&gt;The carrying values of financing
obligations approximate their fair values because interest rates on these obligations are based on prevailing market interest rates.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p id="xdx_84F_eus-gaap--NewAccountingPronouncementsPolicyPolicyTextBlock_zzLKZhT1xKKl" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style="text-decoration: underline"&gt;&lt;span id="xdx_869_z4RIoIKPecUh"&gt;New
Accounting Standards&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;In
November 2023, the FASB issued ASU 2023-07, &lt;i&gt;Segment Reporting (Topic 280): Improvements to Reportable Segment Disclosure&lt;/i&gt;, which
is intended to improve reportable segment disclosure requirements, primarily through enhanced disclosures about significant segment expense
categories that are regularly provided to the chief operating decision maker and included in each reported measure of a segment&#x2019;s
profit or loss. The update also requires all annual disclosures about a reportable segment&#x2019;s profit or loss and assets to be provided
in interim periods and for entities with a single reportable segment to provide all the disclosures required by ASC 280, &lt;i&gt;Segment Reporting&lt;/i&gt;,
including the significant segment expense disclosures. This standard became effective for the Company on January 1, 2024. The adoption
of 2023-7 did not have a material impact on the Company&#x2019;s results of operations, financial position or cash flows.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;In
November 2024, FASB issued ASU 2024-03 Income Statement&#x2014;Reporting Comprehensive Income&#x2014;Expense Disaggregation Disclosures
(Subtopic 220-40) Disaggregation of Income Statement Expenses. The guidance in ASU 2024-03 requires public business entities to disclose
in the notes to the financial statements, among other things, specific information about certain costs and expenses including purchases
of inventory; employee compensation; and depreciation and amortization expense for each caption on the income statement where such expenses
are included. The update is effective for annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2026, and interim reporting periods beginning
after December 15, 2027. Early adoption is permitted, and the amendments may be applied prospectively to reporting periods after the
effective date or retrospectively to all periods presented in the financial statements. We are currently evaluating the provisions of
this guidance and assessing the potential impact on our financial statement disclosures.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Other
recent accounting pronouncements and guidance issued by the FASB, its Emerging Issues Task Force, the American Institute of Certified
Public Accountants, and the Securities and Exchange Commission did not or are not believed by management to have a material impact on
the Company&#x2019;s present or future financial statements.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p id="xdx_856_zR6FP6ykwkkk" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;




&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

</us-gaap:SignificantAccountingPoliciesTextBlock>
    <us-gaap:ConsolidationPolicyTextBlock contextRef="From2024-01-01to2024-12-31" id="Fact000515">&lt;p id="xdx_84B_eus-gaap--ConsolidationPolicyTextBlock_zYDDrMxFe3aj" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style="text-decoration: underline"&gt;&lt;span id="xdx_864_zgKN078iu6lf"&gt;Consolidation&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Effective
April 30, 2011, we completed our acquisition of Sole Vision Technologies (fka MEGAsys and dba Iveda Taiwan), a company based in Taiwan.
We consolidate our financial statements with the financial statements of Iveda Taiwan. All intercompany balances and transactions have
been eliminated in consolidation.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

</us-gaap:ConsolidationPolicyTextBlock>
    <IVDA:GoingConcernPolicyTextBlock contextRef="From2024-01-01to2024-12-31" id="Fact000517">&lt;p id="xdx_84A_ecustom--GoingConcernPolicyTextBlock_zShAgHbnStOd" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style="text-decoration: underline"&gt;Going
Concern&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;The
accompanying consolidated financial statements have been prepared in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the
United States of America, which contemplates the continuation of the Company as a going concern. The Company experienced net losses and
negative operating cash flows during the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023. These factors raise substantial doubt about the Company&#x2019;s
ability to continue as a going concern.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;At
December 31, 2024, the Company had cash on hand in the amount of $&lt;span id="xdx_900_eus-gaap--Cash_iI_c20241231_zNHAWgF151v4" title="Cash on hand"&gt;2,658,300&lt;/span&gt;. Management does not expect that its current liquidity
will support operations from a date of twelve months from the issuance of this financial statement. As a result, management has concluded
that there is substantial doubt about the Company&#x2019;s ability to continue as a going concern. The accompanying consolidated financial
statements do not include any adjustments relating to the recoverability and classification of recorded assets, or the amounts and classification
of liabilities that might be necessary in the event the company cannot continue as a going concern.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;The
continuation of the Company as a going concern is dependent upon its ability to obtain necessary debt or equity financing to continue
operations until it begins generating positive cash flow. No assurance can be given that any future financing will be available or, if
available, that it will be on terms that are satisfactory to the Company. Even if the Company is able to obtain additional financing,
it may contain undue restrictions on our operations in the case of debt financing, or cause substantial dilution for our stockholders,
in case of equity financing.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

</IVDA:GoingConcernPolicyTextBlock>
    <us-gaap:Cash
      contextRef="AsOf2024-12-31"
      decimals="0"
      id="Fact000519"
      unitRef="USD">2658300</us-gaap:Cash>
    <us-gaap:ImpairmentOrDisposalOfLongLivedAssetsPolicyTextBlock contextRef="From2024-01-01to2024-12-31" id="Fact000521">&lt;p id="xdx_84C_eus-gaap--ImpairmentOrDisposalOfLongLivedAssetsPolicyTextBlock_zsiXg14kbshb" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

</us-gaap:ImpairmentOrDisposalOfLongLivedAssetsPolicyTextBlock>
    <us-gaap:BasisOfAccountingPolicyPolicyTextBlock contextRef="From2024-01-01to2024-12-31" id="Fact000523">&lt;p id="xdx_846_eus-gaap--BasisOfAccountingPolicyPolicyTextBlock_zhRpjLjwFsha" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style="text-decoration: underline"&gt;&lt;span id="xdx_86B_zxyfPiS6TaK7"&gt;Basis
of Accounting&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Our
consolidated financial statements have been prepared on the accrual basis of accounting in conformity with accounting principles generally
accepted in the United States of America.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

</us-gaap:BasisOfAccountingPolicyPolicyTextBlock>
    <us-gaap:UseOfEstimates contextRef="From2024-01-01to2024-12-31" id="Fact000525">&lt;p id="xdx_849_eus-gaap--UseOfEstimates_zZDe8llPXhV4" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style="text-decoration: underline"&gt;&lt;span id="xdx_868_zHWIbrach7kg"&gt;Use
of Estimates&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;The
preparation of financial statements in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America
requires us to make estimates and assumptions that affect the amounts reported in the financial statements and accompanying notes. &lt;/span&gt;Accordingly,
actual results could differ from those estimates. On an ongoing basis, we evaluate our estimates, including those related to
accounts receivable, deferred cost of revenue, share-based compensation, deferred income taxes, provisions for losses, and inventory
reserve, among other items.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

</us-gaap:UseOfEstimates>
    <us-gaap:UtilityRevenueAndExpenseRecognitionPolicy contextRef="From2024-01-01to2024-12-31" id="Fact000527">&lt;p id="xdx_845_eus-gaap--UtilityRevenueAndExpenseRecognitionPolicy_zO37TSCFGdAl" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style="text-decoration: underline"&gt;&lt;span id="xdx_869_z2TnMVuxGOF6"&gt;Revenue
and Expense Recognition&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;The
Company applies the provisions of Accounting Standards Codification (ASC) 606-10, &lt;i&gt;Revenue from Contracts with Customers&lt;/i&gt;, and all
related appropriate guidance. The Company recognizes revenue under the core principle to depict the transfer of control to its customers
in an amount reflecting the consideration to which it expects to be entitled. In order to achieve that core principle, the Company applies
the following five-step approach: (1) identify the contract with a customer, (2) identify the performance obligations in the contract,
(3) determine the transaction price, (4) allocate the transaction price to the performance obligations in the contract, and (5) recognize
revenue when a performance obligation is satisfied.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;The
Company considers customer purchase orders, which in some cases are governed by master sales agreements, to be the contracts with
the customer. In situations where sales are to a distributor, the Company had concluded its contracts are with the distributor as
the Company holds a contract bearing enforceable rights and obligations only with the distributor. As part of its consideration for
the contract, the Company evaluates certain factors including the customers&#x2019; ability to pay (or credit risk). For each
contract, the Company considers the promise to transfer products, each of which is distinct, to be the identified performance
obligations. In determining the transaction price, the Company evaluates whether the price is subject to refund or adjustment to
determine the net consideration to which it expects to be entitled. As the Company&#x2019;s standard payment terms are less than one
year, it has elected the practical expedient under ASC 606-10-32-18 to not assess whether a contract has a significant financing
component. The Company allocates the transaction price to each distinct product based on its relative standalone selling price. The
product price as specified on the purchase order is considered the standalone selling price as it is an observable input which
depicts the price as if sold to a similar customer in similar circumstances. Revenue is recognized when control of the product is
transferred to the customer (&lt;i&gt;i.e.&lt;/i&gt;, when the Company&#x2019;s performance obligations is satisfied), which typically occurs at
shipment unless installation is required as with certain of our Taiwan sales &#x2013; see below. Further in determining whether control has been transferred, the Company considers if there is a present right to payment
and legal title, along with risks and rewards of ownership having transferred to the customer. Customers do not have a right to
return the product other than for warranty reasons for which they would only receive repair services or replacement product. The
Company has also elected the practical expedient under ASC 340-40-25-4 to expense commissions for product sales when incurred as the
amortization period of the commission asset the Company would have otherwise recognized is less than one year.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;




&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;The
Company sells its products and services primarily to municipalities and commercial customers in the following manner:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse"&gt;
  &lt;tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#x25cf;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;The
    majority of Iveda Taiwan sales are project sales to Taiwan customers and are made direct to the end customer (typically a municipality
    or a commercial customer) through its sales force, which is composed of its employees. Revenue is recorded when the equipment is
    shipped to the end customer unless the contract requires the inventory to be installed before it can be billed and charged for service
    when installation or maintenance work is performed. If inventory is shipped to the customer before it is installed the inventory
    is reclassified to Deferred Cost of Goods.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;/table&gt;
&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Revenue
for product and software sales without installation is recorded when the product and/or software has been shipped to the customer. Revenue
from fixed-price equipment installation contracts, if any, is recognized as the contracts allow for invoicing at various milestones.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;General
and administrative costs are charged to expense as incurred. Provisions for estimated losses on uncompleted contracts are made in the
period in which such losses are determined. Changes in job performance, job conditions, and estimated profitability may result in revisions
to costs and income and are recognized in the period in which the revisions are determined. Changes in estimated job profitability resulting
from job performance, job conditions, contract penalty provisions, claims, change orders, and settlements are accounted for as changes
in estimates in the current period. Profit incentives are included in revenue when their realization is deemed earned by the contract.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse"&gt;
  &lt;tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#x25cf;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Iveda
    US hardware sales are to domestic and international customers and are made through independent distributors or integrators who purchase
    products from the Company at a wholesale price and sell to the end user (typically municipalities or a commercial customer) at a
    retail price. The distributor retains the margin as its compensation for its role in the transaction. The distributor or integrator
    generally maintains product inventory or product is drop shipped from the manufacturer, customer receivables and all related risks
    and rewards of ownership. Accordingly, upon application of steps one through five above, revenue is recorded when the product is
    shipped to the distributor or as directed by the distributor consistent with the terms of the distribution agreement.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#x25cf;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
    &lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Iveda
US also sells software that include licensing fees that are paid either monthly or yearly. The revenues are recorded monthly, if the
license is paid yearly the revenue will be recorded as deferred revenue and amortized on a straight-line basis over the respective time
period.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#x25cf;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Iveda
    US also sells hardware and software warranty and maintenance for an annual fee that are paid yearly. The revenues are recorded annually,
    if the revenue is a material amount it will be recorded as deferred revenue and amortized on a straight-line basis over the respective
    time period.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;/table&gt;
&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p id="xdx_897_eus-gaap--DisaggregationOfRevenueTableTextBlock_znlG46Yr3ENf" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify"&gt;The following table presents our net sales by revenue
source and the period over period percentage change, for the period presented:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;span id="xdx_8B6_zz9Kztis5NT" style="display: none"&gt;Schedule
of Disaggregation of Revenue&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 60%; margin-left: 0.5in"&gt;
  &lt;tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; display: none; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_498_20240101__20241231_zNkBp9KkTc6b" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_491_20230101__20231231_zJsXlbuECEF8" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="10" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Years
    Ended December 31,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;2024&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;2023&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;%
    Change&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Net
    Sales Source&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_409_eus-gaap--RevenueFromContractWithCustomerExcludingAssessedTax_hus-gaap--ContractWithCustomerSalesChannelAxis__custom--CommercialEnterprisesMember_z4zlHnu645k4" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 46%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Commercial
    Enterprises&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 2%"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 14%; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;4,675,122&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 2%"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 14%; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;6,104,478&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 2%"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_984_ecustom--ChangeInRevenuePercentage_pid_dp_uPure_c20240101__20241231__us-gaap--ContractWithCustomerSalesChannelAxis__custom--CommercialEnterprisesMember_z0zDSOcNquO" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 14%; text-align: right" title="Change in sales, percentage"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;(23&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;%)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_409_eus-gaap--RevenueFromContractWithCustomerExcludingAssessedTax_hus-gaap--ContractWithCustomerSalesChannelAxis__custom--DistributorsMember_zCRCfvSJHPlk" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Distributors&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;762,660&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;88,047&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_981_ecustom--ChangeInRevenuePercentage_pid_dp_uPure_c20240101__20241231__us-gaap--ContractWithCustomerSalesChannelAxis__custom--DistributorsMember_zVLG2vFsW0Xj" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Change in sales, percentage"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;766&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;%&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_400_eus-gaap--RevenueFromContractWithCustomerExcludingAssessedTax_hus-gaap--ContractWithCustomerSalesChannelAxis__custom--MunicipalitiesMember_zIyKlPEZnYae" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Municipalities&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;170,467&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;156,701&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_988_ecustom--ChangeInRevenuePercentage_pid_dp_uPure_c20240101__20241231__us-gaap--ContractWithCustomerSalesChannelAxis__custom--MunicipalitiesMember_zvXr8letoMuc" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Change in sales, percentage"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;9&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;%&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_404_eus-gaap--RevenueFromContractWithCustomerExcludingAssessedTax_hus-gaap--ContractWithCustomerSalesChannelAxis__custom--TaiwanGovernmentMember_zdBGOmHh4667" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Taiwan
    Government&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;319,767&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl0547"&gt;-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_984_ecustom--ChangeInRevenuePercentage_pid_dp_uPure_c20240101__20241231__us-gaap--ContractWithCustomerSalesChannelAxis__custom--TaiwanGovernmentMember_zld6mL0JwF4b" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Change in sales, percentage"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;100&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;%&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_408_eus-gaap--RevenueFromContractWithCustomerExcludingAssessedTax_hus-gaap--ContractWithCustomerSalesChannelAxis__custom--OtherMember_zVickumMvyIh" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Other&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;92,625&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;148,311&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_980_ecustom--ChangeInRevenuePercentage_pid_dp_uPure_c20240101__20241231__us-gaap--ContractWithCustomerSalesChannelAxis__custom--OtherMember_zAylXG0c9YLk" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Change in sales, percentage"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;(38&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;%)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_40C_eus-gaap--RevenueFromContractWithCustomerExcludingAssessedTax_zskWkTnBfei5" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="display: none; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;Total
    Net Sales Source&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;6,020,639&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;6,495,865&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_988_ecustom--ChangeInRevenuePercentage_pid_dp_uPure_c20240101__20241231_ztgUMpLQNpXh" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Change in sales, percentage"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;(7&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;%)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;/table&gt;

&lt;p id="xdx_8AA_zC3vvvfqUvlg" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify"&gt;The Company sells and installs video
surveillance systems comprised of various components of hardware and software.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

</us-gaap:UtilityRevenueAndExpenseRecognitionPolicy>
    <us-gaap:DisaggregationOfRevenueTableTextBlock contextRef="From2024-01-01to2024-12-31" id="Fact000529">&lt;p id="xdx_897_eus-gaap--DisaggregationOfRevenueTableTextBlock_znlG46Yr3ENf" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify"&gt;The following table presents our net sales by revenue
source and the period over period percentage change, for the period presented:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;span id="xdx_8B6_zz9Kztis5NT" style="display: none"&gt;Schedule
of Disaggregation of Revenue&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 60%; margin-left: 0.5in"&gt;
  &lt;tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; display: none; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_498_20240101__20241231_zNkBp9KkTc6b" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_491_20230101__20231231_zJsXlbuECEF8" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="10" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Years
    Ended December 31,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;2024&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;2023&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;%
    Change&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Net
    Sales Source&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_409_eus-gaap--RevenueFromContractWithCustomerExcludingAssessedTax_hus-gaap--ContractWithCustomerSalesChannelAxis__custom--CommercialEnterprisesMember_z4zlHnu645k4" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 46%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Commercial
    Enterprises&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 2%"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 14%; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;4,675,122&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 2%"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 14%; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;6,104,478&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 2%"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_984_ecustom--ChangeInRevenuePercentage_pid_dp_uPure_c20240101__20241231__us-gaap--ContractWithCustomerSalesChannelAxis__custom--CommercialEnterprisesMember_z0zDSOcNquO" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 14%; text-align: right" title="Change in sales, percentage"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;(23&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;%)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_409_eus-gaap--RevenueFromContractWithCustomerExcludingAssessedTax_hus-gaap--ContractWithCustomerSalesChannelAxis__custom--DistributorsMember_zCRCfvSJHPlk" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Distributors&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;762,660&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;88,047&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_981_ecustom--ChangeInRevenuePercentage_pid_dp_uPure_c20240101__20241231__us-gaap--ContractWithCustomerSalesChannelAxis__custom--DistributorsMember_zVLG2vFsW0Xj" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Change in sales, percentage"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;766&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;%&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_400_eus-gaap--RevenueFromContractWithCustomerExcludingAssessedTax_hus-gaap--ContractWithCustomerSalesChannelAxis__custom--MunicipalitiesMember_zIyKlPEZnYae" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Municipalities&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;170,467&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;156,701&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_988_ecustom--ChangeInRevenuePercentage_pid_dp_uPure_c20240101__20241231__us-gaap--ContractWithCustomerSalesChannelAxis__custom--MunicipalitiesMember_zvXr8letoMuc" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Change in sales, percentage"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;9&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;%&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_404_eus-gaap--RevenueFromContractWithCustomerExcludingAssessedTax_hus-gaap--ContractWithCustomerSalesChannelAxis__custom--TaiwanGovernmentMember_zdBGOmHh4667" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Taiwan
    Government&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;319,767&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl0547"&gt;-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_984_ecustom--ChangeInRevenuePercentage_pid_dp_uPure_c20240101__20241231__us-gaap--ContractWithCustomerSalesChannelAxis__custom--TaiwanGovernmentMember_zld6mL0JwF4b" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Change in sales, percentage"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;100&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;%&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_408_eus-gaap--RevenueFromContractWithCustomerExcludingAssessedTax_hus-gaap--ContractWithCustomerSalesChannelAxis__custom--OtherMember_zVickumMvyIh" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Other&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;92,625&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;148,311&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_980_ecustom--ChangeInRevenuePercentage_pid_dp_uPure_c20240101__20241231__us-gaap--ContractWithCustomerSalesChannelAxis__custom--OtherMember_zAylXG0c9YLk" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Change in sales, percentage"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;(38&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;%)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_40C_eus-gaap--RevenueFromContractWithCustomerExcludingAssessedTax_zskWkTnBfei5" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="display: none; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;Total
    Net Sales Source&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;6,020,639&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;6,495,865&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_988_ecustom--ChangeInRevenuePercentage_pid_dp_uPure_c20240101__20241231_ztgUMpLQNpXh" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Change in sales, percentage"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;(7&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;%)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;/table&gt;

</us-gaap:DisaggregationOfRevenueTableTextBlock>
    <us-gaap:RevenueFromContractWithCustomerExcludingAssessedTax
      contextRef="From2024-01-012024-12-31_custom_CommercialEnterprisesMember"
      decimals="0"
      id="Fact000531"
      unitRef="USD">4675122</us-gaap:RevenueFromContractWithCustomerExcludingAssessedTax>
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      contextRef="From2023-01-012023-12-31_custom_CommercialEnterprisesMember"
      decimals="0"
      id="Fact000532"
      unitRef="USD">6104478</us-gaap:RevenueFromContractWithCustomerExcludingAssessedTax>
    <IVDA:ChangeInRevenuePercentage
      contextRef="From2024-01-012024-12-31_custom_CommercialEnterprisesMember"
      decimals="INF"
      id="Fact000534"
      unitRef="Pure">-0.23</IVDA:ChangeInRevenuePercentage>
    <us-gaap:RevenueFromContractWithCustomerExcludingAssessedTax
      contextRef="From2024-01-012024-12-31_custom_DistributorsMember"
      decimals="0"
      id="Fact000536"
      unitRef="USD">762660</us-gaap:RevenueFromContractWithCustomerExcludingAssessedTax>
    <us-gaap:RevenueFromContractWithCustomerExcludingAssessedTax
      contextRef="From2023-01-012023-12-31_custom_DistributorsMember"
      decimals="0"
      id="Fact000537"
      unitRef="USD">88047</us-gaap:RevenueFromContractWithCustomerExcludingAssessedTax>
    <IVDA:ChangeInRevenuePercentage
      contextRef="From2024-01-012024-12-31_custom_DistributorsMember"
      decimals="INF"
      id="Fact000539"
      unitRef="Pure">7.66</IVDA:ChangeInRevenuePercentage>
    <us-gaap:RevenueFromContractWithCustomerExcludingAssessedTax
      contextRef="From2024-01-012024-12-31_custom_MunicipalitiesMember"
      decimals="0"
      id="Fact000541"
      unitRef="USD">170467</us-gaap:RevenueFromContractWithCustomerExcludingAssessedTax>
    <us-gaap:RevenueFromContractWithCustomerExcludingAssessedTax
      contextRef="From2023-01-012023-12-31_custom_MunicipalitiesMember"
      decimals="0"
      id="Fact000542"
      unitRef="USD">156701</us-gaap:RevenueFromContractWithCustomerExcludingAssessedTax>
    <IVDA:ChangeInRevenuePercentage
      contextRef="From2024-01-012024-12-31_custom_MunicipalitiesMember"
      decimals="INF"
      id="Fact000544"
      unitRef="Pure">0.09</IVDA:ChangeInRevenuePercentage>
    <us-gaap:RevenueFromContractWithCustomerExcludingAssessedTax
      contextRef="From2024-01-012024-12-31_custom_TaiwanGovernmentMember"
      decimals="0"
      id="Fact000546"
      unitRef="USD">319767</us-gaap:RevenueFromContractWithCustomerExcludingAssessedTax>
    <IVDA:ChangeInRevenuePercentage
      contextRef="From2024-01-012024-12-31_custom_TaiwanGovernmentMember"
      decimals="INF"
      id="Fact000549"
      unitRef="Pure">1</IVDA:ChangeInRevenuePercentage>
    <us-gaap:RevenueFromContractWithCustomerExcludingAssessedTax
      contextRef="From2024-01-012024-12-31_custom_OtherMember"
      decimals="0"
      id="Fact000551"
      unitRef="USD">92625</us-gaap:RevenueFromContractWithCustomerExcludingAssessedTax>
    <us-gaap:RevenueFromContractWithCustomerExcludingAssessedTax
      contextRef="From2023-01-012023-12-31_custom_OtherMember"
      decimals="0"
      id="Fact000552"
      unitRef="USD">148311</us-gaap:RevenueFromContractWithCustomerExcludingAssessedTax>
    <IVDA:ChangeInRevenuePercentage
      contextRef="From2024-01-012024-12-31_custom_OtherMember"
      decimals="INF"
      id="Fact000554"
      unitRef="Pure">-0.38</IVDA:ChangeInRevenuePercentage>
    <us-gaap:RevenueFromContractWithCustomerExcludingAssessedTax
      contextRef="From2024-01-01to2024-12-31"
      decimals="0"
      id="Fact000556"
      unitRef="USD">6020639</us-gaap:RevenueFromContractWithCustomerExcludingAssessedTax>
    <us-gaap:RevenueFromContractWithCustomerExcludingAssessedTax
      contextRef="From2023-01-012023-12-31"
      decimals="0"
      id="Fact000557"
      unitRef="USD">6495865</us-gaap:RevenueFromContractWithCustomerExcludingAssessedTax>
    <IVDA:ChangeInRevenuePercentage
      contextRef="From2024-01-01to2024-12-31"
      decimals="INF"
      id="Fact000559"
      unitRef="Pure">-0.07</IVDA:ChangeInRevenuePercentage>
    <us-gaap:ComprehensiveIncomePolicyPolicyTextBlock contextRef="From2024-01-01to2024-12-31" id="Fact000561">&lt;p id="xdx_84E_eus-gaap--ComprehensiveIncomePolicyPolicyTextBlock_zvBM4hFJtbja" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style="text-decoration: underline"&gt;&lt;span id="xdx_86A_z3YDLQ8xdc31"&gt;Comprehensive
Loss&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Comprehensive
loss is defined to include all changes in equity except those resulting from investments by owners and distributions to owners. Among
other disclosures, all items that are required to be recognized under current accounting standards as components of comprehensive income
are required to be reported in a financial statement that is presented with the same prominence as other financial statements. Our current
component of other comprehensive income is the foreign currency translation adjustment.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

</us-gaap:ComprehensiveIncomePolicyPolicyTextBlock>
    <us-gaap:ConcentrationRiskCreditRisk contextRef="From2024-01-01to2024-12-31" id="Fact000563">&lt;p id="xdx_849_eus-gaap--ConcentrationRiskCreditRisk_zvq8WOgpnbQ" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style="text-decoration: underline"&gt;&lt;span id="xdx_863_zYwDuDCNxplb"&gt;Concentrations&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Financial
instruments, which potentially subject us to concentrations of credit risk, consist principally of cash and cash equivalents and trade
accounts receivable.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Substantially
all cash is deposited in three financial institutions, two in the United States and one in Taiwan. At times, amounts on deposit in the
United States may be in excess of the FDIC insurance limit. Deposits in Taiwan financial institutions are insured by CDIC (Central Deposit
Insurance Corporation) with maximum coverage of NTD &lt;span id="xdx_907_eus-gaap--CashFDICInsuredAmount_iI_pn6n6_uNTD_c20241231_zf2ypjpe4YVa"&gt;3&lt;/span&gt; million. At times, amounts on deposit in Taiwan may be in excess of the CDIC Insurance
limit.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;




&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Revenue
from five customers out of approximately 70 total customers represented approximately &lt;span id="xdx_90F_ecustom--ConcentrationRiskPercentage_dp_uPure_c20240101__20241231__us-gaap--ConcentrationRiskByBenchmarkAxis__us-gaap--SalesRevenueNetMember__us-gaap--ConcentrationRiskByTypeAxis__us-gaap--CustomerConcentrationRiskMember__srt--MajorCustomersAxis__custom--FiveCustomersMember_zpCB5o8WsHCc" title="Concentration risk, percentage"&gt;67&lt;/span&gt;% of total revenue for the year ended December
31, 2024. These specific customers were 1) Chunghwa Telecom with &lt;span id="xdx_90A_ecustom--ConcentrationRiskPercentage_dp_uPure_c20240101__20241231__us-gaap--ConcentrationRiskByBenchmarkAxis__us-gaap--SalesRevenueNetMember__us-gaap--ConcentrationRiskByTypeAxis__us-gaap--CustomerConcentrationRiskMember__srt--MajorCustomersAxis__custom--ChunghwaTelecomMember_zjcps7QcNpX4" title="Concentration risk, percentage"&gt;18&lt;/span&gt;% 2) SECURITY INTEGRATION &amp;amp; CONSULTANT TECHNOLOGY CO., LTD. with
&lt;span id="xdx_90A_ecustom--ConcentrationRiskPercentage_dp_uPure_c20240101__20241231__us-gaap--ConcentrationRiskByBenchmarkAxis__us-gaap--SalesRevenueNetMember__us-gaap--ConcentrationRiskByTypeAxis__us-gaap--CustomerConcentrationRiskMember__srt--MajorCustomersAxis__custom--SecurityIntegrationAndConsultantTechnologyCoLtdMember_znTGVbI63CD5" title="Concentration risk, percentage"&gt;16&lt;/span&gt;%, 3) Chicony Power Technology Co Ltd with &lt;span id="xdx_90E_ecustom--ConcentrationRiskPercentage_dp_uPure_c20240101__20241231__us-gaap--ConcentrationRiskByBenchmarkAxis__us-gaap--SalesRevenueNetMember__us-gaap--ConcentrationRiskByTypeAxis__us-gaap--CustomerConcentrationRiskMember__srt--MajorCustomersAxis__custom--ChiconyPowerTechnologyCoLtdMember_zYsUgMSRR5k" title="Concentration risk, percentage"&gt;11&lt;/span&gt;% and 4) HWACOM SYSTEMS INC. with &lt;span id="xdx_900_ecustom--ConcentrationRiskPercentage_dp_uPure_c20240101__20241231__us-gaap--ConcentrationRiskByBenchmarkAxis__us-gaap--SalesRevenueNetMember__us-gaap--ConcentrationRiskByTypeAxis__us-gaap--CustomerConcentrationRiskMember__srt--MajorCustomersAxis__custom--HWACOMSYSTEMSINCMember_zcflv6WSArVh" title="Concentration risk, percentage"&gt;10&lt;/span&gt;%, (all Taiwan companies) and Claro Enterprise Solutions
(a US company) with &lt;span id="xdx_90D_ecustom--ConcentrationRiskPercentage_dp_uPure_c20240101__20241231__us-gaap--ConcentrationRiskByBenchmarkAxis__us-gaap--SalesRevenueNetMember__us-gaap--ConcentrationRiskByTypeAxis__us-gaap--CustomerConcentrationRiskMember__srt--MajorCustomersAxis__custom--ClaroEnterpriseSolutionsMember_zcq39d9A17ic" title="Concentration risk, percentage"&gt;12&lt;/span&gt;%. Revenue from two customers out of 65 total customers represented approximately &lt;span id="xdx_90D_ecustom--ConcentrationRiskPercentage_dp_uPure_c20230101__20231231__us-gaap--ConcentrationRiskByBenchmarkAxis__us-gaap--SalesRevenueNetMember__us-gaap--ConcentrationRiskByTypeAxis__us-gaap--CustomerConcentrationRiskMember__srt--MajorCustomersAxis__custom--TwoCustomersMember_zdcbcL54wMMi" title="Concentration risk, percentage"&gt;48&lt;/span&gt;% of total revenue for the
year ended December 31, 2023. These specific customers were 1) YOU MING HUEI CO. LTD with &lt;span id="xdx_900_ecustom--ConcentrationRiskPercentage_pid_dp_uPure_c20230101__20231231__us-gaap--ConcentrationRiskByBenchmarkAxis__us-gaap--SalesRevenueNetMember__us-gaap--ConcentrationRiskByTypeAxis__us-gaap--CustomerConcentrationRiskMember__dei--LegalEntityAxis__custom--YouMingHueiCoLtdMember_zmuFbIKhy85" title="Concentration risk, percentage"&gt;25&lt;/span&gt;%, 2) Chicony Power Technology Co Ltd with
&lt;span id="xdx_90F_ecustom--ConcentrationRiskPercentage_dp_uPure_c20230101__20231231__us-gaap--ConcentrationRiskByBenchmarkAxis__us-gaap--SalesRevenueNetMember__us-gaap--ConcentrationRiskByTypeAxis__us-gaap--CustomerConcentrationRiskMember__dei--LegalEntityAxis__custom--ChiconyPowerTechnologyMember_zTv5NGWcZbPi" title="Concentration risk, percentage"&gt;23&lt;/span&gt;%, (both Taiwan companies). Total number of customers were 70 and 65, for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;span id="xdx_909_ecustom--ConcentrationRiskPercentage_pid_dp_uPure_c20240101__20241231__us-gaap--ConcentrationRiskByBenchmarkAxis__us-gaap--AccountsReceivableMember__us-gaap--ConcentrationRiskByTypeAxis__us-gaap--CustomerConcentrationRiskMember__srt--MajorCustomersAxis__custom--OneCustomersMember_zGr28hJtcSpi" title="Concentration risk, percentage"&gt;52&lt;/span&gt;%
of the total accounts receivable at December 31, 2024 was from one customer out of a total of 42 customer accounts receivable accounts.
This specific customer was Chunghwa Telecom. Our accounts receivables are unsecured, and we are at risk to the extent such amounts become
uncollectible. Although we perform periodic evaluations of our customers&#x2019; credit and financial condition, we do not require collateral
in exchange for our products and services provided on credit. These customers are longtime customers, and we don&#x2019;t expect any problem
with the collectability of these accounts receivable.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;No
other customers represented greater than &lt;span id="xdx_90B_ecustom--ConcentrationRiskPercentage_dp_uPure_c20240101__20241231__us-gaap--ConcentrationRiskByBenchmarkAxis__us-gaap--SalesRevenueNetMember__us-gaap--ConcentrationRiskByTypeAxis__us-gaap--CustomerConcentrationRiskMember__srt--MajorCustomersAxis__custom--OtherCustomersMember_zZ9n0MVTjBJf" title="Percentage of concentration risk"&gt;&lt;span id="xdx_908_ecustom--ConcentrationRiskPercentage_dp_uPure_c20230101__20231231__us-gaap--ConcentrationRiskByBenchmarkAxis__us-gaap--SalesRevenueNetMember__us-gaap--ConcentrationRiskByTypeAxis__us-gaap--CustomerConcentrationRiskMember__srt--MajorCustomersAxis__custom--OtherCustomersMember_zo2ITHKeQK1b" title="Percentage of concentration risk"&gt;10&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;% of total revenues in years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

</us-gaap:ConcentrationRiskCreditRisk>
    <us-gaap:CashFDICInsuredAmount
      contextRef="AsOf2024-12-31"
      decimals="-6"
      id="Fact000564"
      unitRef="NTD">3000000</us-gaap:CashFDICInsuredAmount>
    <IVDA:ConcentrationRiskPercentage
      contextRef="From2024-01-012024-12-31_us-gaap_SalesRevenueNetMember_us-gaap_CustomerConcentrationRiskMember_custom_FiveCustomersMember"
      decimals="INF"
      id="Fact000566"
      unitRef="Pure">0.67</IVDA:ConcentrationRiskPercentage>
    <IVDA:ConcentrationRiskPercentage
      contextRef="From2024-01-012024-12-31_us-gaap_SalesRevenueNetMember_us-gaap_CustomerConcentrationRiskMember_custom_ChunghwaTelecomMember"
      decimals="INF"
      id="Fact000568"
      unitRef="Pure">0.18</IVDA:ConcentrationRiskPercentage>
    <IVDA:ConcentrationRiskPercentage
      contextRef="From2024-01-012024-12-31_us-gaap_SalesRevenueNetMember_us-gaap_CustomerConcentrationRiskMember_custom_SecurityIntegrationAndConsultantTechnologyCoLtdMember"
      decimals="INF"
      id="Fact000570"
      unitRef="Pure">0.16</IVDA:ConcentrationRiskPercentage>
    <IVDA:ConcentrationRiskPercentage
      contextRef="From2024-01-012024-12-31_us-gaap_SalesRevenueNetMember_us-gaap_CustomerConcentrationRiskMember_custom_ChiconyPowerTechnologyCoLtdMember"
      decimals="INF"
      id="Fact000572"
      unitRef="Pure">0.11</IVDA:ConcentrationRiskPercentage>
    <IVDA:ConcentrationRiskPercentage
      contextRef="From2024-01-012024-12-31_us-gaap_SalesRevenueNetMember_us-gaap_CustomerConcentrationRiskMember_custom_HWACOMSYSTEMSINCMember"
      decimals="INF"
      id="Fact000574"
      unitRef="Pure">0.10</IVDA:ConcentrationRiskPercentage>
    <IVDA:ConcentrationRiskPercentage
      contextRef="From2024-01-012024-12-31_us-gaap_SalesRevenueNetMember_us-gaap_CustomerConcentrationRiskMember_custom_ClaroEnterpriseSolutionsMember"
      decimals="INF"
      id="Fact000576"
      unitRef="Pure">0.12</IVDA:ConcentrationRiskPercentage>
    <IVDA:ConcentrationRiskPercentage
      contextRef="From2023-01-012023-12-31_us-gaap_SalesRevenueNetMember_us-gaap_CustomerConcentrationRiskMember_custom_TwoCustomersMember"
      decimals="INF"
      id="Fact000578"
      unitRef="Pure">0.48</IVDA:ConcentrationRiskPercentage>
    <IVDA:ConcentrationRiskPercentage
      contextRef="From2023-01-012023-12-31_us-gaap_SalesRevenueNetMember_us-gaap_CustomerConcentrationRiskMember_custom_YouMingHueiCoLtdMember"
      decimals="INF"
      id="Fact000580"
      unitRef="Pure">0.25</IVDA:ConcentrationRiskPercentage>
    <IVDA:ConcentrationRiskPercentage
      contextRef="From2023-01-012023-12-31_us-gaap_SalesRevenueNetMember_us-gaap_CustomerConcentrationRiskMember_custom_ChiconyPowerTechnologyMember"
      decimals="INF"
      id="Fact000582"
      unitRef="Pure">0.23</IVDA:ConcentrationRiskPercentage>
    <IVDA:ConcentrationRiskPercentage
      contextRef="From2024-01-012024-12-31_us-gaap_AccountsReceivableMember_us-gaap_CustomerConcentrationRiskMember_custom_OneCustomersMember"
      decimals="INF"
      id="Fact000584"
      unitRef="Pure">0.52</IVDA:ConcentrationRiskPercentage>
    <IVDA:ConcentrationRiskPercentage
      contextRef="From2024-01-012024-12-31_us-gaap_SalesRevenueNetMember_us-gaap_CustomerConcentrationRiskMember_custom_OtherCustomersMember"
      decimals="INF"
      id="Fact000586"
      unitRef="Pure">0.10</IVDA:ConcentrationRiskPercentage>
    <IVDA:ConcentrationRiskPercentage
      contextRef="From2023-01-012023-12-31_us-gaap_SalesRevenueNetMember_us-gaap_CustomerConcentrationRiskMember_custom_OtherCustomersMember"
      decimals="INF"
      id="Fact000588"
      unitRef="Pure">0.10</IVDA:ConcentrationRiskPercentage>
    <us-gaap:CashAndCashEquivalentsPolicyTextBlock contextRef="From2024-01-01to2024-12-31" id="Fact000590">&lt;p id="xdx_84E_eus-gaap--CashAndCashEquivalentsPolicyTextBlock_zdeOkvBfukk5" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style="text-decoration: underline"&gt;&lt;span id="xdx_86E_zTDNePT4A5L"&gt;Cash
and Cash Equivalents&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;For
purposes of the statement of cash flows, we consider all highly liquid debt instruments purchased with an original maturity of three
months or less to be cash equivalents.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;The
Company&#x2019;s consolidated financial statements include the results of operations and financial position of its subsidiary located in Taiwan.
The subsidiary&#x2019;s functional currency is the Taiwan New Dollar (TWD). For consolidation purposes, the subsidiary&#x2019;s financial statements
are translated into US Dollars (USD) using the following methods: Assets and liabilities are translated using the exchange rate
at the balance sheet date. Income statement items are translated using the average exchange rate for the period. Exchange rate
fluctuations between TWD and USD result in gains or losses that are included in Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) until they are realized.
The Company had $&lt;span id="xdx_908_eus-gaap--CashAndCashEquivalentsAtCarryingValue_iI_uNTD_c20241231_zRelCr9Jybr5" title="Cash and cash equivalents at carrying value"&gt;1,025,675&lt;/span&gt; and $&lt;span id="xdx_902_eus-gaap--CashAndCashEquivalentsAtCarryingValue_iI_uNTD_c20231231_zRbBJ1PkVfz6" title="Cash and cash equivalents at carrying value"&gt;1,959,399&lt;/span&gt; of its cash and cash equivalents in Taiwan New Dollars at December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

</us-gaap:CashAndCashEquivalentsPolicyTextBlock>
    <us-gaap:CashAndCashEquivalentsAtCarryingValue
      contextRef="AsOf2024-12-31"
      decimals="0"
      id="Fact000592"
      unitRef="NTD">1025675</us-gaap:CashAndCashEquivalentsAtCarryingValue>
    <us-gaap:CashAndCashEquivalentsAtCarryingValue
      contextRef="AsOf2023-12-31"
      decimals="0"
      id="Fact000594"
      unitRef="NTD">1959399</us-gaap:CashAndCashEquivalentsAtCarryingValue>
    <us-gaap:TradeAndOtherAccountsReceivablePolicy contextRef="From2024-01-01to2024-12-31" id="Fact000596">&lt;p id="xdx_847_eus-gaap--TradeAndOtherAccountsReceivablePolicy_zgNFw2sfiuKa" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style="text-decoration: underline"&gt;&lt;span id="xdx_864_zdou4cBO5ZSf"&gt;Accounts
Receivable&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;We
provide an allowance for doubtful collections, which is based upon a review of outstanding receivables, historical collection information,
and existing economic conditions. For our U.S.-based segment, receivables past due more than 120 days, if any, are considered delinquent. For
our Taiwan-based segment, receivables over one year are considered delinquent. Delinquent receivables are written off based on individual
credit valuation and specific circumstances of the customer. As of December 31, 2024 and 2023, no allowance for uncollectible accounts
was deemed necessary.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

</us-gaap:TradeAndOtherAccountsReceivablePolicy>
    <IVDA:OtherCurrentAssetsPolicyTextBlock contextRef="From2024-01-01to2024-12-31" id="Fact000598">&lt;p id="xdx_847_ecustom--OtherCurrentAssetsPolicyTextBlock_zls8iCG6hiXk" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style="text-decoration: underline"&gt;&lt;span id="xdx_861_zHSs1pZFSMxc"&gt;Other
Current Assets&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Other
current assets represent cash paid in advance to vendors for service coverage extending into subsequent periods, advances to suppliers
of product and tender deposits placed with local governments and major customers in Taiwan during the bidding process for new proposed
projects.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

</IVDA:OtherCurrentAssetsPolicyTextBlock>
    <us-gaap:DeferredChargesPolicyTextBlock contextRef="From2024-01-01to2024-12-31" id="Fact000600">&lt;p id="xdx_848_eus-gaap--DeferredChargesPolicyTextBlock_zwuy4mJKC5ri" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span id="xdx_862_z4vkNiTFFtY6" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style="text-decoration: underline"&gt;Deferred
Cost of Goods&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;In
Taiwan we ship product to be held at the customer locations in advance of installment per the contract with the customer. We reclassify
inventory that we have purchased and delivered to the customer location to Deferred Cost of Goods until this product is installed
and can be invoiced to the customer.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

</us-gaap:DeferredChargesPolicyTextBlock>
    <us-gaap:InventoryPolicyTextBlock contextRef="From2024-01-01to2024-12-31" id="Fact000602">&lt;p id="xdx_846_eus-gaap--InventoryPolicyTextBlock_zKsVdczJJRO" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style="text-decoration: underline"&gt;&lt;span id="xdx_865_z2gPPCu5zJfi"&gt;Inventories&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;Inventory is stated at the lower of cost or net realizable value, with cost determined on a first-in, first-out (&#x201c;FIFO&#x201d;)
basis. &lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;We
review our inventories for excess or obsolete products or components based on an analysis of historical usage and an evaluation of estimated
future demand, market conditions, and alternative uses for possible excess or obsolete parts. There was &lt;span id="xdx_903_eus-gaap--InventoryValuationReserves_iI_do_c20241231_zFVbgf7U44n8"&gt;&lt;span id="xdx_900_eus-gaap--InventoryValuationReserves_iI_do_c20231231_zJpqxG2hx6v9"&gt;no&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; allowance for slow-moving and obsolete
inventory necessary as of December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

</us-gaap:InventoryPolicyTextBlock>
    <us-gaap:InventoryValuationReserves
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      decimals="0"
      id="Fact000603"
      unitRef="USD">0</us-gaap:InventoryValuationReserves>
    <us-gaap:InventoryValuationReserves
      contextRef="AsOf2023-12-31"
      decimals="0"
      id="Fact000604"
      unitRef="USD">0</us-gaap:InventoryValuationReserves>
    <us-gaap:PropertyPlantAndEquipmentPolicyTextBlock contextRef="From2024-01-01to2024-12-31" id="Fact000606">&lt;p id="xdx_840_eus-gaap--PropertyPlantAndEquipmentPolicyTextBlock_zyfBi9kYwIFa" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style="text-decoration: underline"&gt;&lt;span id="xdx_868_zMdmZf7rVc2a"&gt;Property
and Equipment&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Property
and equipment are stated at cost. Depreciation is computed primarily using the straight-line method over estimated useful lives of three&lt;span id="xdx_90C_eus-gaap--PropertyPlantAndEquipmentUsefulLife_iI_dtY_c20241231__srt--RangeAxis__srt--MinimumMember_zsSpTDhed6Oh" style="display: none" title="Property and equipment useful life"&gt;3&lt;/span&gt;
to &lt;span id="xdx_903_eus-gaap--PropertyPlantAndEquipmentUsefulLife_iI_dc_c20241231__srt--RangeAxis__srt--MaximumMember_zMYbJZXpJmz6" title="Property and equipment useful life"&gt;seven years&lt;/span&gt;. Expenditures for routine maintenance and repairs are charged to expense as incurred. Depreciation expense for the years
ended December 31, 2024 and 2023 was $&lt;span id="xdx_907_eus-gaap--Depreciation_pp0p0_c20240101__20241231_zjETU40vBRpa" title="Depreciation expense"&gt;31,805&lt;/span&gt; and $&lt;span id="xdx_901_eus-gaap--Depreciation_pp0p0_c20230101__20231231_zWvhyMX2PrEc" title="Depreciation expense"&gt;19,753&lt;/span&gt;, respectively.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;We
have a relatively minimal amount of property and equipment, consisting primarily of office equipment. We review the recoverability of
the carrying value of long-lived assets using the methodology prescribed in ASC 360 &#x201c;Property, Plant and Equipment.&#x201d; We review
our long-lived assets for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of an asset or asset
group may not be recoverable. Recoverability of long-lived assets to be held and used is measured by a comparison of the carrying amount
of an asset to the undiscounted future net operating cash flows expected to be generated by the asset. If such assets are considered
to be impaired, the impairment to be recognized is measured as the amount by which the carrying value of the assets exceeds their fair
value. Management determined that there was no indicator of impairment as of December 31, 2024 and 2023.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;




&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

</us-gaap:PropertyPlantAndEquipmentPolicyTextBlock>
    <us-gaap:PropertyPlantAndEquipmentUsefulLife
      contextRef="AsOf2024-12-31_srt_MinimumMember"
      id="Fact000608">P3Y</us-gaap:PropertyPlantAndEquipmentUsefulLife>
    <us-gaap:PropertyPlantAndEquipmentUsefulLife
      contextRef="AsOf2024-12-31_srt_MaximumMember"
      id="Fact000610">P7Y</us-gaap:PropertyPlantAndEquipmentUsefulLife>
    <us-gaap:Depreciation
      contextRef="From2024-01-01to2024-12-31"
      decimals="0"
      id="Fact000612"
      unitRef="USD">31805</us-gaap:Depreciation>
    <us-gaap:Depreciation
      contextRef="From2023-01-012023-12-31"
      decimals="0"
      id="Fact000614"
      unitRef="USD">19753</us-gaap:Depreciation>
    <us-gaap:EquityMethodInvestmentsPolicy contextRef="From2024-01-01to2024-12-31" id="Fact000616">&lt;p id="xdx_84C_eus-gaap--EquityMethodInvestmentsPolicy_zU9oJUKOjgEe" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span id="xdx_86C_zJE3AGJhNZC4"&gt;Equity
Method Investment&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;The
Company accounts for investments in entities in which the Company has significant influence over the entity&#x2019;s financial and operating
policies, but does not control, using the equity method of accounting. The equity method investments are initially recorded at cost,
and subsequently increased for capital contributions and allocations of net income, and decreased for capital distributions and allocations
of net loss. Equity in net income (loss) from the equity method investment is allocated based on the Company&#x2019;s economic interest.
Equity method investments are reviewed for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount may
not be recoverable. If it is determined that a loss in value of the equity method investment is other than temporary, an impairment loss
is measured based on the excess of the carrying amount of an investment over its estimated fair value. Impairment analyses are based
on current plans, intended holding periods, and available information at the time the analysis is prepared. During 2023 the Company made a $&lt;span id="xdx_90E_eus-gaap--Investments_iI_c20231231__srt--ScheduleOfEquityMethodInvestmentEquityMethodInvesteeNameAxis__custom--IvedaPhilsJointVentureMember_zk65nyBNjQgk" title="Investments"&gt;180,000&lt;/span&gt; investment for a &lt;span id="xdx_908_eus-gaap--EquityMethodInvestmentOwnershipPercentage_iI_pid_dp_uPure_c20231231__srt--ScheduleOfEquityMethodInvestmentEquityMethodInvesteeNameAxis__custom--IvedaPhilsJointVentureMember_zQQi8sln7SGe" title="Equity method investment ownership percentage"&gt;40&lt;/span&gt;% interest in
Iveda Phils Joint Venture (located in the Philippines). Based on Management&#x2019;s
assessment, the value of its equity method investment was impaired as of December 31, 2023, and as such, recorded an impairment charge
of $&lt;span id="xdx_90B_ecustom--EquityMethodInvestmentImpairmentCharge_iI_c20231231_zpT35cPEP241" title="Equity method investment impairment charge"&gt;180,000&lt;/span&gt;. As of December 31, 2023 and 2024, the remaining value of its investments was $&lt;span id="xdx_902_eus-gaap--Investments_iI_c20241231_zi6sYa9s2xj" title="Investments"&gt;&lt;span id="xdx_905_eus-gaap--Investments_iI_c20231231_zQD3EzkFed3g" title="Investments"&gt;0&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

</us-gaap:EquityMethodInvestmentsPolicy>
    <us-gaap:Investments
      contextRef="AsOf2023-12-31_custom_IvedaPhilsJointVentureMember"
      decimals="0"
      id="Fact000618"
      unitRef="USD">180000</us-gaap:Investments>
    <us-gaap:EquityMethodInvestmentOwnershipPercentage
      contextRef="AsOf2023-12-31_custom_IvedaPhilsJointVentureMember"
      decimals="INF"
      id="Fact000620"
      unitRef="Pure">0.40</us-gaap:EquityMethodInvestmentOwnershipPercentage>
    <IVDA:EquityMethodInvestmentImpairmentCharge
      contextRef="AsOf2023-12-31"
      decimals="0"
      id="Fact000622"
      unitRef="USD">180000</IVDA:EquityMethodInvestmentImpairmentCharge>
    <us-gaap:Investments
      contextRef="AsOf2024-12-31"
      decimals="0"
      id="Fact000624"
      unitRef="USD">0</us-gaap:Investments>
    <us-gaap:Investments
      contextRef="AsOf2023-12-31"
      decimals="0"
      id="Fact000626"
      unitRef="USD">0</us-gaap:Investments>
    <us-gaap:IncomeTaxPolicyTextBlock contextRef="From2024-01-01to2024-12-31" id="Fact000628">&lt;p id="xdx_84C_eus-gaap--IncomeTaxPolicyTextBlock_zrmY9a4zNdP5" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style="text-decoration: underline"&gt;&lt;span id="xdx_868_zxzOjGDG09rl"&gt;Income
Taxes&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Deferred
income taxes are recognized in the consolidated financial statements for the tax consequences in future years of differences between
the tax bases of assets and liabilities and their financial reporting amounts based on enacted tax laws and statutory tax rates. Temporary
differences arise from sales cut-off, depreciation, deferred rent expense, and net operating losses. Valuation allowances are established
when necessary to reduce deferred tax assets to the amount that represents our best estimate of such deferred tax assets that, more likely
than not, will be realized. Income tax expense is the tax payable for the year and the change during the year in deferred tax assets
and liabilities.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;We
are subject to U.S. federal income tax as well as state income tax.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Our
U.S. income tax returns are subject to review and examination by federal, state, and local authorities. Our U.S. tax returns for the
years 2020 to 2023 are open to examination by federal, local, and state authorities.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Our
Taiwan tax returns are subject to review and examination by the Taiwan Ministry of Finance. Our Taiwan tax return for the years 2020
to 2023 are open to examination by the Taiwan Ministry of Finance.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

</us-gaap:IncomeTaxPolicyTextBlock>
    <us-gaap:CashAndCashEquivalentsRestrictedCashAndCashEquivalentsPolicy contextRef="From2024-01-01to2024-12-31" id="Fact000630">&lt;p id="xdx_840_eus-gaap--CashAndCashEquivalentsRestrictedCashAndCashEquivalentsPolicy_zcSrAwcBSgo1" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style="text-decoration: underline"&gt;&lt;span id="xdx_865_zWhJ1h8iahZh"&gt;Restricted
Cash&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Restricted
cash represents time deposits on account to secure short-term bank loans in our Taiwan-based segment.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; display: none; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;span style="display: none"&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

</us-gaap:CashAndCashEquivalentsRestrictedCashAndCashEquivalentsPolicy>
    <us-gaap:RevenueFromContractWithCustomerPolicyTextBlock contextRef="From2024-01-01to2024-12-31" id="Fact000632">&lt;p id="xdx_84C_eus-gaap--RevenueFromContractWithCustomerPolicyTextBlock_z9nUe1VpT271" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"&gt;&lt;span id="xdx_86B_z4D1xHsmT9s" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style="text-decoration: underline"&gt;Deferred
Revenue&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Advance
payments received from customers on future installation projects are recorded as deferred revenue until such time our performance obligations on the contracts are completed.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;




&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

</us-gaap:RevenueFromContractWithCustomerPolicyTextBlock>
    <us-gaap:CompensationRelatedCostsPolicyTextBlock contextRef="From2024-01-01to2024-12-31" id="Fact000634">&lt;p id="xdx_84C_eus-gaap--CompensationRelatedCostsPolicyTextBlock_zrqlIMniVKnk" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style="text-decoration: underline"&gt;&lt;span id="xdx_867_zAxTckzrWor3"&gt;Stock-Based
Compensation&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;The Company periodically issues stock, stock options and restricted stock awards to employees and non-employees in
non-capital raising transactions for services and for financing costs. The Company accounts for such grants issued and vesting based on
ASC 718, Compensation-Stock Compensation whereby the value of the award is measured on the date of grant and recognized for employees
as compensation expense on the straight-line basis over the vesting period. Recognition of compensation expense for non-employees is in
the same period and manner as if the Company had paid cash for the services. The fair value of the Company&#x2019;s stock options is estimated
using the Black-Scholes-Merton Option Pricing model, which uses certain assumptions related to risk-free interest rates, expected volatility,
expected life of the stock options or restricted stock, and future dividends. Compensation expense is recorded based upon the value derived
from the Black-Scholes-Merton Option Pricing model and based on actual experience. The assumptions used in the Black-Scholes-Merton Option
Pricing model could materially affect compensation expense recorded in future periods. We recognized $&lt;span id="xdx_90E_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensation_pp0p0_c20240101__20241231_zxtzcdImOrVa" title="Stock option compensation"&gt;122,600&lt;/span&gt; and $&lt;span id="xdx_906_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensation_pp0p0_c20230101__20231231_zA7oPXtsaC82" title="Stock option compensation"&gt;104,600&lt;/span&gt; of
stock-based compensation expense for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

</us-gaap:CompensationRelatedCostsPolicyTextBlock>
    <us-gaap:ShareBasedCompensation
      contextRef="From2024-01-01to2024-12-31"
      decimals="0"
      id="Fact000636"
      unitRef="USD">122600</us-gaap:ShareBasedCompensation>
    <us-gaap:ShareBasedCompensation
      contextRef="From2023-01-012023-12-31"
      decimals="0"
      id="Fact000638"
      unitRef="USD">104600</us-gaap:ShareBasedCompensation>
    <us-gaap:FairValueOfFinancialInstrumentsPolicy contextRef="From2024-01-01to2024-12-31" id="Fact000640">&lt;p id="xdx_842_eus-gaap--FairValueOfFinancialInstrumentsPolicy_zSz4fCqLsSy8" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style="text-decoration: underline"&gt;&lt;span id="xdx_868_zBSF8ypWCkKi"&gt;Fair
Value of Financial Instruments&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"&gt;The Company uses various inputs in determining the
fair value of its financial assets and liabilities and measures these assets on a recurring basis. Financial assets recorded at fair value
are categorized by the level of subjectivity associated with the inputs used to measure their fair value. Accounting Standards Codification
Section 820 defines the following levels of subjectivity associated with the inputs:&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"&gt;Level 1&#x2014;Quoted prices in active markets for
identical assets or liabilities.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"&gt;Level 2&#x2014;Inputs, other than the quoted prices
in active markets, that are observable either directly or indirectly.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"&gt;Level 3&#x2014;Unobservable inputs in which there is
little or no market data for the asset or liability which requires the Company to develop its own assumptions.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Fair
value estimates discussed herein are based upon certain market assumptions and pertinent information available to us as of December 31,
2024 and December 31, 2023. The respective carrying values of certain on-balance-sheet financial instruments approximate their fair values.
These financial instruments include cash, accounts receivable, accounts payable, accrued expenses, and amounts due to related parties.
Fair values were assumed to approximate carrying values for these financial instruments because they are short-term in nature and their
carrying amounts approximate their fair values or because they are receivable or payable on demand. &lt;/span&gt;The carrying values of financing
obligations approximate their fair values because interest rates on these obligations are based on prevailing market interest rates.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

</us-gaap:FairValueOfFinancialInstrumentsPolicy>
    <us-gaap:NewAccountingPronouncementsPolicyPolicyTextBlock contextRef="From2024-01-01to2024-12-31" id="Fact000642">&lt;p id="xdx_84F_eus-gaap--NewAccountingPronouncementsPolicyPolicyTextBlock_zzLKZhT1xKKl" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style="text-decoration: underline"&gt;&lt;span id="xdx_869_z4RIoIKPecUh"&gt;New
Accounting Standards&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;In
November 2023, the FASB issued ASU 2023-07, &lt;i&gt;Segment Reporting (Topic 280): Improvements to Reportable Segment Disclosure&lt;/i&gt;, which
is intended to improve reportable segment disclosure requirements, primarily through enhanced disclosures about significant segment expense
categories that are regularly provided to the chief operating decision maker and included in each reported measure of a segment&#x2019;s
profit or loss. The update also requires all annual disclosures about a reportable segment&#x2019;s profit or loss and assets to be provided
in interim periods and for entities with a single reportable segment to provide all the disclosures required by ASC 280, &lt;i&gt;Segment Reporting&lt;/i&gt;,
including the significant segment expense disclosures. This standard became effective for the Company on January 1, 2024. The adoption
of 2023-7 did not have a material impact on the Company&#x2019;s results of operations, financial position or cash flows.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;In
November 2024, FASB issued ASU 2024-03 Income Statement&#x2014;Reporting Comprehensive Income&#x2014;Expense Disaggregation Disclosures
(Subtopic 220-40) Disaggregation of Income Statement Expenses. The guidance in ASU 2024-03 requires public business entities to disclose
in the notes to the financial statements, among other things, specific information about certain costs and expenses including purchases
of inventory; employee compensation; and depreciation and amortization expense for each caption on the income statement where such expenses
are included. The update is effective for annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2026, and interim reporting periods beginning
after December 15, 2027. Early adoption is permitted, and the amendments may be applied prospectively to reporting periods after the
effective date or retrospectively to all periods presented in the financial statements. We are currently evaluating the provisions of
this guidance and assessing the potential impact on our financial statement disclosures.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Other
recent accounting pronouncements and guidance issued by the FASB, its Emerging Issues Task Force, the American Institute of Certified
Public Accountants, and the Securities and Exchange Commission did not or are not believed by management to have a material impact on
the Company&#x2019;s present or future financial statements.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

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2 &lt;span id="xdx_82D_zu8YOQyvyTsh"&gt;Accounts and Other Payables&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p id="xdx_89E_eus-gaap--ScheduleOfAccountsPayableAndAccruedLiabilitiesTableTextBlock_zouUG5Pc2IKf" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"&gt;&lt;span style="display: none; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;span id="xdx_8BB_zM8OHMzMBz2j"&gt;Schedule
Of Accounts and Other Payables&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 80%"&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: center"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" id="xdx_498_20241231_zGoGwRr9Odef" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: center"&gt;December 31, 2024&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" id="xdx_495_20231231_zJBbbkMsma7d" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: center"&gt;December 31, 2023&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: center"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_409_eus-gaap--AccountsPayableCurrent_iI_maAPAOAzMjb_zg6eRdvCrHu" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 64%; text-align: left"&gt;Accounts Payable&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 2%"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 14%; text-align: right"&gt;730,297&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 2%"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 14%; text-align: right"&gt;379,949&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_400_eus-gaap--OtherAccruedLiabilitiesCurrent_iI_maAPAOAzMjb_zxy2kRAY5az1" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;Accrued Expenses&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;981,769&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;899,755&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_405_ecustom--DeferredRevenueAndCustomerDepositsCurrent_iI_maAPAOAzMjb_zQxMkoG94Ebk" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: justify; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;Deferred Revenue and Customer Deposits&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;36,791&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;29,210&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_402_eus-gaap--AccountsPayableAndOtherAccruedLiabilitiesCurrent_iTI_mtAPAOAzMjb_zn4kKC8Qz6U2" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;Accounts and Other Payables&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;1,748,857&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;1,308,914&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;/table&gt;

&lt;p id="xdx_8A0_zqQsw2Ch0Fp3" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

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    <us-gaap:ScheduleOfAccountsPayableAndAccruedLiabilitiesTableTextBlock contextRef="From2024-01-01to2024-12-31" id="Fact000646">&lt;p id="xdx_89E_eus-gaap--ScheduleOfAccountsPayableAndAccruedLiabilitiesTableTextBlock_zouUG5Pc2IKf" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"&gt;&lt;span style="display: none; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;span id="xdx_8BB_zM8OHMzMBz2j"&gt;Schedule
Of Accounts and Other Payables&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 80%"&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: center"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" id="xdx_498_20241231_zGoGwRr9Odef" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: center"&gt;December 31, 2024&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" id="xdx_495_20231231_zJBbbkMsma7d" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: center"&gt;December 31, 2023&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: center"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_409_eus-gaap--AccountsPayableCurrent_iI_maAPAOAzMjb_zg6eRdvCrHu" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 64%; text-align: left"&gt;Accounts Payable&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 2%"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 14%; text-align: right"&gt;730,297&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 2%"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 14%; text-align: right"&gt;379,949&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_400_eus-gaap--OtherAccruedLiabilitiesCurrent_iI_maAPAOAzMjb_zxy2kRAY5az1" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;Accrued Expenses&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;981,769&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;899,755&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_405_ecustom--DeferredRevenueAndCustomerDepositsCurrent_iI_maAPAOAzMjb_zQxMkoG94Ebk" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: justify; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;Deferred Revenue and Customer Deposits&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;36,791&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;29,210&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_402_eus-gaap--AccountsPayableAndOtherAccruedLiabilitiesCurrent_iTI_mtAPAOAzMjb_zn4kKC8Qz6U2" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;Accounts and Other Payables&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;1,748,857&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;1,308,914&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;/table&gt;

</us-gaap:ScheduleOfAccountsPayableAndAccruedLiabilitiesTableTextBlock>
    <us-gaap:AccountsPayableCurrent
      contextRef="AsOf2024-12-31"
      decimals="0"
      id="Fact000648"
      unitRef="USD">730297</us-gaap:AccountsPayableCurrent>
    <us-gaap:AccountsPayableCurrent
      contextRef="AsOf2023-12-31"
      decimals="0"
      id="Fact000649"
      unitRef="USD">379949</us-gaap:AccountsPayableCurrent>
    <us-gaap:OtherAccruedLiabilitiesCurrent
      contextRef="AsOf2024-12-31"
      decimals="0"
      id="Fact000651"
      unitRef="USD">981769</us-gaap:OtherAccruedLiabilitiesCurrent>
    <us-gaap:OtherAccruedLiabilitiesCurrent
      contextRef="AsOf2023-12-31"
      decimals="0"
      id="Fact000652"
      unitRef="USD">899755</us-gaap:OtherAccruedLiabilitiesCurrent>
    <IVDA:DeferredRevenueAndCustomerDepositsCurrent
      contextRef="AsOf2024-12-31"
      decimals="0"
      id="Fact000654"
      unitRef="USD">36791</IVDA:DeferredRevenueAndCustomerDepositsCurrent>
    <IVDA:DeferredRevenueAndCustomerDepositsCurrent
      contextRef="AsOf2023-12-31"
      decimals="0"
      id="Fact000655"
      unitRef="USD">29210</IVDA:DeferredRevenueAndCustomerDepositsCurrent>
    <us-gaap:AccountsPayableAndOtherAccruedLiabilitiesCurrent
      contextRef="AsOf2024-12-31"
      decimals="0"
      id="Fact000657"
      unitRef="USD">1748857</us-gaap:AccountsPayableAndOtherAccruedLiabilitiesCurrent>
    <us-gaap:AccountsPayableAndOtherAccruedLiabilitiesCurrent
      contextRef="AsOf2023-12-31"
      decimals="0"
      id="Fact000658"
      unitRef="USD">1308914</us-gaap:AccountsPayableAndOtherAccruedLiabilitiesCurrent>
    <us-gaap:DebtDisclosureTextBlock contextRef="From2024-01-01to2024-12-31" id="Fact000660">&lt;p id="xdx_807_eus-gaap--DebtDisclosureTextBlock_zGdlhQEJRrT2" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;NOTE
3 &lt;span id="xdx_828_z3ssKYYB44H9"&gt;SHORT-TERM AND LONG-TERM DEBT&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p id="xdx_898_eus-gaap--ScheduleOfShortTermDebtTextBlock_zHroRtzEtdvi" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;The
short-term debt balances were as follows:&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;span id="xdx_8B9_zV1pWn7yswhb" style="display: none"&gt;SCHEDULE
OF SHORT-TERM DEBT&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%"&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: center"&gt;December 31, 2024&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: center"&gt;December 31, 2023&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 64%; text-align: left"&gt;Loan from Shanghai Commercial Bank at &lt;span class="xdx_phnt_RGlzY2xvc3VyZSAtIFNDSEVEVUxFIE9GIFNIT1JULVRFUk0gREVCVCAoRGV0YWlscykgKFBhcmVudGhldGljYWwpAA__" id="xdx_900_eus-gaap--DebtInstrumentInterestRateDuringPeriod_pid_dp_uPure_c20240101__20241231__us-gaap--RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis__custom--ShanghaiBankMember__srt--RangeAxis__srt--MinimumMember_zC3jImsLW1Tk" title="Interest rate"&gt;&lt;span class="xdx_phnt_RGlzY2xvc3VyZSAtIFNDSEVEVUxFIE9GIFNIT1JULVRFUk0gREVCVCAoRGV0YWlscykgKFBhcmVudGhldGljYWwpAA__" id="xdx_90B_eus-gaap--DebtInstrumentInterestRateDuringPeriod_pid_dp_uPure_c20230101__20231231__us-gaap--RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis__custom--ShanghaiBankMember__srt--RangeAxis__srt--MinimumMember_z19ikWcf7v78" title="Interest rate"&gt;3.1&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;%-&lt;span class="xdx_phnt_RGlzY2xvc3VyZSAtIFNDSEVEVUxFIE9GIFNIT1JULVRFUk0gREVCVCAoRGV0YWlscykgKFBhcmVudGhldGljYWwpAA__" id="xdx_902_eus-gaap--DebtInstrumentInterestRateDuringPeriod_pid_dp_uPure_c20240101__20241231__us-gaap--RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis__custom--ShanghaiBankMember__srt--RangeAxis__srt--MaximumMember_zuARMmjSBUmf" title="Interest rate"&gt;&lt;span class="xdx_phnt_RGlzY2xvc3VyZSAtIFNDSEVEVUxFIE9GIFNIT1JULVRFUk0gREVCVCAoRGV0YWlscykgKFBhcmVudGhldGljYWwpAA__" id="xdx_909_eus-gaap--DebtInstrumentInterestRateDuringPeriod_pid_dp_uPure_c20230101__20231231__us-gaap--RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis__custom--ShanghaiBankMember__srt--RangeAxis__srt--MaximumMember_zDj0y7KIPiJf" title="Interest rate"&gt;3.2&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;%
    interest rate per annum. &lt;span class="xdx_phnt_RGlzY2xvc3VyZSAtIFNDSEVEVUxFIE9GIFNIT1JULVRFUk0gREVCVCAoRGV0YWlscykgKFBhcmVudGhldGljYWwpAA__" id="xdx_904_eus-gaap--DebtInstrumentMaturityDateDescription_c20240101__20241231__us-gaap--RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis__custom--ShanghaiBankMember_zVbgrq0DtLQg" title="Debt instrument, maturity date"&gt;&lt;span class="xdx_phnt_RGlzY2xvc3VyZSAtIFNDSEVEVUxFIE9GIFNIT1JULVRFUk0gREVCVCAoRGV0YWlscykgKFBhcmVudGhldGljYWwpAA__" id="xdx_900_eus-gaap--DebtInstrumentMaturityDateDescription_c20230101__20231231__us-gaap--RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis__custom--ShanghaiBankMember_zrNKtzWzdXW1" title="Debt instrument, maturity date"&gt;Due
    originally in January 2025 and subsequently replaced with a new loan which matures January 2026.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 2%"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_982_eus-gaap--ShortTermBorrowings_iI_c20241231__us-gaap--RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis__custom--ShanghaiBankMember_z0ohjdKKqMSk" style="width: 14%; text-align: right" title="Short term debt"&gt;183,011&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 2%"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_984_eus-gaap--ShortTermBorrowings_iI_c20231231__us-gaap--RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis__custom--ShanghaiBankMember_znE3cj2ROUo9" style="width: 14%; text-align: right" title="Short term debt"&gt;88,032&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;Loan from HuaNam Bank at &lt;span class="xdx_phnt_RGlzY2xvc3VyZSAtIFNDSEVEVUxFIE9GIFNIT1JULVRFUk0gREVCVCAoRGV0YWlscykgKFBhcmVudGhldGljYWwpAA__" id="xdx_90B_eus-gaap--DebtInstrumentInterestRateDuringPeriod_pid_dp_uPure_c20240101__20241231__us-gaap--RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis__custom--HuaNamBankMember_zh1bjmL6cnZj" title="Interest rate"&gt;&lt;span class="xdx_phnt_RGlzY2xvc3VyZSAtIFNDSEVEVUxFIE9GIFNIT1JULVRFUk0gREVCVCAoRGV0YWlscykgKFBhcmVudGhldGljYWwpAA__" id="xdx_90F_eus-gaap--DebtInstrumentInterestRateDuringPeriod_pid_dp_uPure_c20230101__20231231__us-gaap--RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis__custom--HuaNamBankMember_zHPbojkGkLN4" title="Interest rate"&gt;3.4&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;%
    interest rate per annum. &lt;span class="xdx_phnt_RGlzY2xvc3VyZSAtIFNDSEVEVUxFIE9GIFNIT1JULVRFUk0gREVCVCAoRGV0YWlscykgKFBhcmVudGhldGljYWwpAA__" id="xdx_90A_eus-gaap--DebtInstrumentMaturityDateDescription_c20240101__20241231__us-gaap--RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis__custom--HuaNamBankMember_zfRfCgvVh6Pl" title="Debt instrument, maturity date"&gt;&lt;span class="xdx_phnt_RGlzY2xvc3VyZSAtIFNDSEVEVUxFIE9GIFNIT1JULVRFUk0gREVCVCAoRGV0YWlscykgKFBhcmVudGhldGljYWwpAA__" id="xdx_905_eus-gaap--DebtInstrumentMaturityDateDescription_c20230101__20231231__us-gaap--RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis__custom--HuaNamBankMember_zKbvd4xK7nS4" title="Debt instrument, maturity date"&gt;Due
    in June 2025.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_987_eus-gaap--ShortTermBorrowings_iI_c20241231__us-gaap--RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis__custom--HuaNamBankMember_zGOsvH6Fwuld" style="text-align: right" title="Short term debt"&gt;91,505&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_982_eus-gaap--ShortTermBorrowings_iI_c20231231__us-gaap--RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis__custom--HuaNamBankMember_zaGq1kkYqYYg" style="text-align: right" title="Short term debt"&gt;97,777&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;Loan from ChangHwa Bank at &lt;span class="xdx_phnt_RGlzY2xvc3VyZSAtIFNDSEVEVUxFIE9GIFNIT1JULVRFUk0gREVCVCAoRGV0YWlscykgKFBhcmVudGhldGljYWwpAA__" id="xdx_909_eus-gaap--DebtInstrumentInterestRateDuringPeriod_pid_dp_uPure_c20230101__20231231__us-gaap--RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis__custom--ChangHwaBankMember__srt--RangeAxis__srt--MinimumMember_zWXwlFl8RNye"&gt;3&lt;/span&gt;%
-&lt;span class="xdx_phnt_RGlzY2xvc3VyZSAtIFNDSEVEVUxFIE9GIFNIT1JULVRFUk0gREVCVCAoRGV0YWlscykgKFBhcmVudGhldGljYWwpAA__" id="xdx_904_eus-gaap--DebtInstrumentInterestRateDuringPeriod_pid_dp_uPure_c20240101__20241231__us-gaap--RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis__custom--ChangHwaBankMember__srt--RangeAxis__srt--MaximumMember_zH0zPZsX3TDb"&gt;3.3%&lt;/span&gt;
interest rate per annum. &lt;span class="xdx_phnt_RGlzY2xvc3VyZSAtIFNDSEVEVUxFIE9GIFNIT1JULVRFUk0gREVCVCAoRGV0YWlscykgKFBhcmVudGhldGljYWwpAA__" id="xdx_905_eus-gaap--DebtInstrumentMaturityDateDescription_c20230101__20231231__us-gaap--RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis__custom--ChangHwaBankMember_zRUrEtmuiR8l"&gt;Due
in May 2025.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_98E_eus-gaap--ShortTermBorrowings_iI_c20241231__us-gaap--RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis__custom--ChangHwaBankMember_za3y2mheJ68e" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right" title="Short term debt"&gt;152,509&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_987_eus-gaap--ShortTermBorrowings_iI_c20231231__us-gaap--RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis__custom--ChangHwaBankMember_z4XRoVjNDhf2" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right" title="Short term debt"&gt;162,962&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;Balance at end of period&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_98B_eus-gaap--ShortTermBorrowings_iI_c20241231_zEy4mOyMb094" style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right" title="Short term debt"&gt;427,025&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_983_eus-gaap--ShortTermBorrowings_iI_c20231231_zBDabK5W1FGb" style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right" title="Short term debt"&gt;348,771&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;/table&gt;

&lt;p id="xdx_8AF_zN1AZQuiml5a" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;As
of December 31, 2024, there was $29,013 of restricted cash pledged as security for the Shanghai Commercial Bank short term loan.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;


&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p id="xdx_891_eus-gaap--ScheduleOfDebtInstrumentsTextBlock_zdcXLf1ce7W2" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;The
Long-term debt balances were as follows:&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;span id="xdx_8B7_z3k2pGaJ6q1a" style="display: none"&gt;SCHEDULE
OF LONG-TERM DEBT&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%"&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 64%; text-align: left"&gt;Loans from Shanghai Commercial Bank with interest rates &lt;span class="xdx_phnt_RGlzY2xvc3VyZSAtIFNDSEVEVUxFIE9GIExPTkctVEVSTSBERUJUIChEZXRhaWxzKSAoUGFyZW50aGV0aWNhbCkA" id="xdx_906_eus-gaap--DebtInstrumentInterestRateEffectivePercentage_iI_pid_dp_uPure_c20241231__us-gaap--RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis__custom--ShanghaiBankMember_fKDEp_zo3LoW0KVrdg" title="Debt interest rate"&gt;&lt;span class="xdx_phnt_RGlzY2xvc3VyZSAtIFNDSEVEVUxFIE9GIExPTkctVEVSTSBERUJUIChEZXRhaWxzKSAoUGFyZW50aGV0aWNhbCkA" id="xdx_90B_eus-gaap--DebtInstrumentInterestRateEffectivePercentage_iI_pid_dp_uPure_c20231231__us-gaap--RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis__custom--ShanghaiBankMember_fKDEp_z7j3g9ovhiSk" title="Debt interest rate"&gt;2.1&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;%
    per annum due &lt;span class="xdx_phnt_RGlzY2xvc3VyZSAtIFNDSEVEVUxFIE9GIExPTkctVEVSTSBERUJUIChEZXRhaWxzKSAoUGFyZW50aGV0aWNhbCkA" id="xdx_906_ecustom--LongTermDebtInstrumentMaturityDateDescription_c20240101__20241231__us-gaap--RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis__custom--ShanghaiBankMember_fKDEp_zmoLP3xOv5xh" title="Maturity date description"&gt;&lt;span class="xdx_phnt_RGlzY2xvc3VyZSAtIFNDSEVEVUxFIE9GIExPTkctVEVSTSBERUJUIChEZXRhaWxzKSAoUGFyZW50aGV0aWNhbCkA" id="xdx_902_ecustom--LongTermDebtInstrumentMaturityDateDescription_c20230101__20231231__us-gaap--RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis__custom--ShanghaiBankMember_fKDEp_zBaosWTqM7yl" title="Maturity date description"&gt;January
    2029 (1)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 2%"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_984_eus-gaap--LoansPayableCurrent_iI_c20241231__us-gaap--RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis__custom--ShanghaiBankMember_fKDEp_zYZAXyRkkpm5" style="width: 14%; text-align: right" title="Loans"&gt;498,195&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 2%"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_987_eus-gaap--LoansPayableCurrent_iI_c20231231__us-gaap--RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis__custom--ShanghaiBankMember_fKDEp_zLWkDY0qyk1i" style="width: 14%; text-align: right" title="Loans"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl0715"&gt;-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;Current Portion of Long-term debt&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_984_eus-gaap--LongTermDebtCurrent_iNI_di_c20241231_zxyDQF0ZUN4l" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right" title="Current portion of long term debt"&gt;(122,007&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_988_eus-gaap--LongTermDebtCurrent_iNI_di_c20231231_zfYwrqZ2xOE5" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right" title="Current portion of long term debt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl0719"&gt;-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;Balance at end of period&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_985_eus-gaap--LongTermDebt_iI_c20241231_zikQtS0TvPz4" style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right" title="Long term debt"&gt;376,188&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_98F_eus-gaap--LongTermDebt_iI_c20231231_zofZgHYXAmo3" style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right" title="Long term debt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl0723"&gt;-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;/table&gt;

&lt;p id="xdx_8A0_z9sri6Gg9jKg" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: center"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p id="xdx_89A_esrt--ContractualObligationFiscalYearMaturityScheduleTableTextBlock_zCA1QcDqTaI5" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span id="xdx_8B2_ztUBaeiD5aI3" style="display: none"&gt;SCHEDULE OF MINIMUM PAYMENT OF LONG TERM DEBT&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 70%"&gt;
  &lt;tr style="display: none; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_49C_20241231__us-gaap--RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis__custom--ChangHwaBankMember_z1vcujqo5PP5" style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_40F_eus-gaap--LongTermDebtMaturitiesRepaymentsOfPrincipalInNextTwelveMonths_iI_maLTDzu20_zGCqFlKZfcS6" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 78%; text-align: left"&gt;2025&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 2%"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 18%; text-align: right"&gt;122,007&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_401_eus-gaap--LongTermDebtMaturitiesRepaymentsOfPrincipalInYearTwo_iI_maLTDzu20_zJBRLclp6tR5" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;2026&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;122,007&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_406_eus-gaap--LongTermDebtMaturitiesRepaymentsOfPrincipalInYearThree_iI_maLTDzu20_ztewVVOnppp3" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;2027&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;122,007&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_40B_eus-gaap--LongTermDebtMaturitiesRepaymentsOfPrincipalInYearFour_iI_maLTDzu20_zHVFiNMRizF9" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;2028&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;122,007&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_402_ecustom--LongTermDebtMaturitiesRepaymentsOfPrincipalAfterYearFour_iI_maLTDzu20_z4xfMqE8ayRl" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;Thereafter&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;10,167&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_40E_eus-gaap--LongTermDebt_iTI_mtLTDzu20_z9pPvIVcwjD2" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;Total&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right"&gt;498,195&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;/table&gt;


&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: center"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="width: 100%; font: 12pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"&gt;&lt;tr style="vertical-align: top"&gt;
&lt;td style="width: 0.25in"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 0.25in"&gt;&lt;span id="xdx_F0B_zJuC47EOFgKj" style="font-size: 10pt"&gt;(1)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span id="xdx_F12_zQEWYkLRbWK1" style="font-size: 10pt"&gt;On
                                            January 24, 2024, the Company received a facility notice from Shanghai Commercial Bank, granting
                                            a revolving loan facility totaling up to TWD &lt;span class="xdx_phnt_RGlzY2xvc3VyZSAtIFNDSEVEVUxFIE9GIExPTkctVEVSTSBERUJUIChEZXRhaWxzKSAoUGFyZW50aGV0aWNhbCkA" id="xdx_904_eus-gaap--LineOfCreditFacilityMaximumBorrowingCapacity_iI_uNTD_c20240124__us-gaap--CreditFacilityAxis__us-gaap--RevolvingCreditFacilityMember_z6SmmmNufU21" title="Line of credit facility maximum borrowing capacity"&gt;10,000,000&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
                                            &lt;span style="font-size: 10pt"&gt;(approximately $&lt;span class="xdx_phnt_RGlzY2xvc3VyZSAtIFNDSEVEVUxFIE9GIExPTkctVEVSTSBERUJUIChEZXRhaWxzKSAoUGFyZW50aGV0aWNhbCkA" id="xdx_901_eus-gaap--LineOfCreditFacilityMaximumBorrowingCapacity_iI_uUSD_c20240124__us-gaap--CreditFacilityAxis__us-gaap--RevolvingCreditFacilityMember_zJynBP4yrwF8" title="Line of credit facility maximum borrowing capacity"&gt;300,000&lt;/span&gt; USD) and term loan facility amounting
                                            of TWD &lt;span class="xdx_phnt_RGlzY2xvc3VyZSAtIFNDSEVEVUxFIE9GIExPTkctVEVSTSBERUJUIChEZXRhaWxzKSAoUGFyZW50aGV0aWNhbCkA" id="xdx_907_eus-gaap--LongTermDebt_iI_uNTD_c20240124__us-gaap--LongtermDebtTypeAxis__custom--TermLoanMember_zXihGJI2EBJ5" title="Long term debt"&gt;20,000,000&lt;/span&gt;
                                            (approximately ($&lt;span class="xdx_phnt_RGlzY2xvc3VyZSAtIFNDSEVEVUxFIE9GIExPTkctVEVSTSBERUJUIChEZXRhaWxzKSAoUGFyZW50aGV0aWNhbCkA" id="xdx_904_eus-gaap--LongTermDebt_iI_c20240124__us-gaap--LongtermDebtTypeAxis__custom--TermLoanMember_zbHZWOEbyHKh" title="Long term debt"&gt;600,000&lt;/span&gt; USD)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 10pt"&gt;. The term for the
                                            revolving loan is &lt;span class="xdx_phnt_RGlzY2xvc3VyZSAtIFNDSEVEVUxFIE9GIExPTkctVEVSTSBERUJUIChEZXRhaWxzKSAoUGFyZW50aGV0aWNhbCkA" id="xdx_90A_eus-gaap--DebtInstrumentTerm_dtY_c20240124__20240124__us-gaap--CreditFacilityAxis__us-gaap--RevolvingCreditFacilityMember_zLXQ5naeQHH2"&gt;1&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
                                            &lt;span style="font-size: 10pt"&gt;year and for the term loan is &lt;span class="xdx_phnt_RGlzY2xvc3VyZSAtIFNDSEVEVUxFIE9GIExPTkctVEVSTSBERUJUIChEZXRhaWxzKSAoUGFyZW50aGV0aWNhbCkA" id="xdx_908_eus-gaap--DebtInstrumentTerm_dtY_c20240124__20240124__us-gaap--CreditFacilityAxis__custom--TermLoanMember_zLfYEd3duHIh"&gt;5&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
                                            &lt;span style="font-size: 10pt"&gt;years. The &lt;span class="xdx_phnt_RGlzY2xvc3VyZSAtIFNDSEVEVUxFIE9GIExPTkctVEVSTSBERUJUIChEZXRhaWxzKSAoUGFyZW50aGV0aWNhbCkA" id="xdx_902_eus-gaap--DebtInstrumentTerm_dtY_c20240124__20240124__us-gaap--LongtermDebtTypeAxis__custom--TermLoanMember_zdyb3igSwWkg"&gt;5&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
                                            &lt;span style="font-size: 10pt"&gt;year term loan requires monthly payments including interest
                                            and principle, and the revolving loan requires a full principal repayment at the maturity
                                            date. The short-term Shanghai Commercial Bank loan is &lt;span class="xdx_phnt_RGlzY2xvc3VyZSAtIFNDSEVEVUxFIE9GIExPTkctVEVSTSBERUJUIChEZXRhaWxzKSAoUGFyZW50aGV0aWNhbCkA" id="xdx_909_ecustom--LoanSecuritzedByGovernmentGuaranteePercentage_dp_c20240124__20240124_zo1gGQwouc6c"&gt;75&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 10pt"&gt;%
                                            securitized by the  government guarantee fund called SME credit guarantee fund and &lt;span class="xdx_phnt_RGlzY2xvc3VyZSAtIFNDSEVEVUxFIE9GIExPTkctVEVSTSBERUJUIChEZXRhaWxzKSAoUGFyZW50aGV0aWNhbCkA" id="xdx_90A_ecustom--SecurityDepositPercentage_dp_c20240124__20240124_zfOhSiDLFt48"&gt;10&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 10pt"&gt;%
                                            by saving deposit security. The guarantors of this loan are Mr. Siu and Mr. Cheung, who are
                                            both part of Iveda Taiwan&#x2019;s management team.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
                                                                                                              &lt;/table&gt;

&lt;p id="xdx_8AC_zd19eOmWa9db" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;




&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

</us-gaap:DebtDisclosureTextBlock>
    <us-gaap:ScheduleOfShortTermDebtTextBlock contextRef="From2024-01-01to2024-12-31" id="Fact000662">&lt;p id="xdx_898_eus-gaap--ScheduleOfShortTermDebtTextBlock_zHroRtzEtdvi" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;The
short-term debt balances were as follows:&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;span id="xdx_8B9_zV1pWn7yswhb" style="display: none"&gt;SCHEDULE
OF SHORT-TERM DEBT&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%"&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: center"&gt;December 31, 2024&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: center"&gt;December 31, 2023&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 64%; text-align: left"&gt;Loan from Shanghai Commercial Bank at &lt;span class="xdx_phnt_RGlzY2xvc3VyZSAtIFNDSEVEVUxFIE9GIFNIT1JULVRFUk0gREVCVCAoRGV0YWlscykgKFBhcmVudGhldGljYWwpAA__" id="xdx_900_eus-gaap--DebtInstrumentInterestRateDuringPeriod_pid_dp_uPure_c20240101__20241231__us-gaap--RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis__custom--ShanghaiBankMember__srt--RangeAxis__srt--MinimumMember_zC3jImsLW1Tk" title="Interest rate"&gt;&lt;span class="xdx_phnt_RGlzY2xvc3VyZSAtIFNDSEVEVUxFIE9GIFNIT1JULVRFUk0gREVCVCAoRGV0YWlscykgKFBhcmVudGhldGljYWwpAA__" id="xdx_90B_eus-gaap--DebtInstrumentInterestRateDuringPeriod_pid_dp_uPure_c20230101__20231231__us-gaap--RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis__custom--ShanghaiBankMember__srt--RangeAxis__srt--MinimumMember_z19ikWcf7v78" title="Interest rate"&gt;3.1&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;%-&lt;span class="xdx_phnt_RGlzY2xvc3VyZSAtIFNDSEVEVUxFIE9GIFNIT1JULVRFUk0gREVCVCAoRGV0YWlscykgKFBhcmVudGhldGljYWwpAA__" id="xdx_902_eus-gaap--DebtInstrumentInterestRateDuringPeriod_pid_dp_uPure_c20240101__20241231__us-gaap--RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis__custom--ShanghaiBankMember__srt--RangeAxis__srt--MaximumMember_zuARMmjSBUmf" title="Interest rate"&gt;&lt;span class="xdx_phnt_RGlzY2xvc3VyZSAtIFNDSEVEVUxFIE9GIFNIT1JULVRFUk0gREVCVCAoRGV0YWlscykgKFBhcmVudGhldGljYWwpAA__" id="xdx_909_eus-gaap--DebtInstrumentInterestRateDuringPeriod_pid_dp_uPure_c20230101__20231231__us-gaap--RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis__custom--ShanghaiBankMember__srt--RangeAxis__srt--MaximumMember_zDj0y7KIPiJf" title="Interest rate"&gt;3.2&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;%
    interest rate per annum. &lt;span class="xdx_phnt_RGlzY2xvc3VyZSAtIFNDSEVEVUxFIE9GIFNIT1JULVRFUk0gREVCVCAoRGV0YWlscykgKFBhcmVudGhldGljYWwpAA__" id="xdx_904_eus-gaap--DebtInstrumentMaturityDateDescription_c20240101__20241231__us-gaap--RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis__custom--ShanghaiBankMember_zVbgrq0DtLQg" title="Debt instrument, maturity date"&gt;&lt;span class="xdx_phnt_RGlzY2xvc3VyZSAtIFNDSEVEVUxFIE9GIFNIT1JULVRFUk0gREVCVCAoRGV0YWlscykgKFBhcmVudGhldGljYWwpAA__" id="xdx_900_eus-gaap--DebtInstrumentMaturityDateDescription_c20230101__20231231__us-gaap--RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis__custom--ShanghaiBankMember_zrNKtzWzdXW1" title="Debt instrument, maturity date"&gt;Due
    originally in January 2025 and subsequently replaced with a new loan which matures January 2026.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 2%"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_982_eus-gaap--ShortTermBorrowings_iI_c20241231__us-gaap--RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis__custom--ShanghaiBankMember_z0ohjdKKqMSk" style="width: 14%; text-align: right" title="Short term debt"&gt;183,011&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 2%"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_984_eus-gaap--ShortTermBorrowings_iI_c20231231__us-gaap--RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis__custom--ShanghaiBankMember_znE3cj2ROUo9" style="width: 14%; text-align: right" title="Short term debt"&gt;88,032&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;Loan from HuaNam Bank at &lt;span class="xdx_phnt_RGlzY2xvc3VyZSAtIFNDSEVEVUxFIE9GIFNIT1JULVRFUk0gREVCVCAoRGV0YWlscykgKFBhcmVudGhldGljYWwpAA__" id="xdx_90B_eus-gaap--DebtInstrumentInterestRateDuringPeriod_pid_dp_uPure_c20240101__20241231__us-gaap--RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis__custom--HuaNamBankMember_zh1bjmL6cnZj" title="Interest rate"&gt;&lt;span class="xdx_phnt_RGlzY2xvc3VyZSAtIFNDSEVEVUxFIE9GIFNIT1JULVRFUk0gREVCVCAoRGV0YWlscykgKFBhcmVudGhldGljYWwpAA__" id="xdx_90F_eus-gaap--DebtInstrumentInterestRateDuringPeriod_pid_dp_uPure_c20230101__20231231__us-gaap--RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis__custom--HuaNamBankMember_zHPbojkGkLN4" title="Interest rate"&gt;3.4&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;%
    interest rate per annum. &lt;span class="xdx_phnt_RGlzY2xvc3VyZSAtIFNDSEVEVUxFIE9GIFNIT1JULVRFUk0gREVCVCAoRGV0YWlscykgKFBhcmVudGhldGljYWwpAA__" id="xdx_90A_eus-gaap--DebtInstrumentMaturityDateDescription_c20240101__20241231__us-gaap--RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis__custom--HuaNamBankMember_zfRfCgvVh6Pl" title="Debt instrument, maturity date"&gt;&lt;span class="xdx_phnt_RGlzY2xvc3VyZSAtIFNDSEVEVUxFIE9GIFNIT1JULVRFUk0gREVCVCAoRGV0YWlscykgKFBhcmVudGhldGljYWwpAA__" id="xdx_905_eus-gaap--DebtInstrumentMaturityDateDescription_c20230101__20231231__us-gaap--RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis__custom--HuaNamBankMember_zKbvd4xK7nS4" title="Debt instrument, maturity date"&gt;Due
    in June 2025.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_987_eus-gaap--ShortTermBorrowings_iI_c20241231__us-gaap--RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis__custom--HuaNamBankMember_zGOsvH6Fwuld" style="text-align: right" title="Short term debt"&gt;91,505&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_982_eus-gaap--ShortTermBorrowings_iI_c20231231__us-gaap--RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis__custom--HuaNamBankMember_zaGq1kkYqYYg" style="text-align: right" title="Short term debt"&gt;97,777&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;Loan from ChangHwa Bank at &lt;span class="xdx_phnt_RGlzY2xvc3VyZSAtIFNDSEVEVUxFIE9GIFNIT1JULVRFUk0gREVCVCAoRGV0YWlscykgKFBhcmVudGhldGljYWwpAA__" id="xdx_909_eus-gaap--DebtInstrumentInterestRateDuringPeriod_pid_dp_uPure_c20230101__20231231__us-gaap--RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis__custom--ChangHwaBankMember__srt--RangeAxis__srt--MinimumMember_zWXwlFl8RNye"&gt;3&lt;/span&gt;%
-&lt;span class="xdx_phnt_RGlzY2xvc3VyZSAtIFNDSEVEVUxFIE9GIFNIT1JULVRFUk0gREVCVCAoRGV0YWlscykgKFBhcmVudGhldGljYWwpAA__" id="xdx_904_eus-gaap--DebtInstrumentInterestRateDuringPeriod_pid_dp_uPure_c20240101__20241231__us-gaap--RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis__custom--ChangHwaBankMember__srt--RangeAxis__srt--MaximumMember_zH0zPZsX3TDb"&gt;3.3%&lt;/span&gt;
interest rate per annum. &lt;span class="xdx_phnt_RGlzY2xvc3VyZSAtIFNDSEVEVUxFIE9GIFNIT1JULVRFUk0gREVCVCAoRGV0YWlscykgKFBhcmVudGhldGljYWwpAA__" id="xdx_905_eus-gaap--DebtInstrumentMaturityDateDescription_c20230101__20231231__us-gaap--RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis__custom--ChangHwaBankMember_zRUrEtmuiR8l"&gt;Due
in May 2025.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_98E_eus-gaap--ShortTermBorrowings_iI_c20241231__us-gaap--RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis__custom--ChangHwaBankMember_za3y2mheJ68e" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right" title="Short term debt"&gt;152,509&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_987_eus-gaap--ShortTermBorrowings_iI_c20231231__us-gaap--RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis__custom--ChangHwaBankMember_z4XRoVjNDhf2" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right" title="Short term debt"&gt;162,962&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;Balance at end of period&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_98B_eus-gaap--ShortTermBorrowings_iI_c20241231_zEy4mOyMb094" style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right" title="Short term debt"&gt;427,025&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_983_eus-gaap--ShortTermBorrowings_iI_c20231231_zBDabK5W1FGb" style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right" title="Short term debt"&gt;348,771&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;/table&gt;

</us-gaap:ScheduleOfShortTermDebtTextBlock>
    <us-gaap:DebtInstrumentInterestRateDuringPeriod
      contextRef="From2024-01-012024-12-31_custom_ShanghaiBankMember_srt_MinimumMember"
      decimals="INF"
      id="Fact000664"
      unitRef="Pure">0.031</us-gaap:DebtInstrumentInterestRateDuringPeriod>
    <us-gaap:DebtInstrumentInterestRateDuringPeriod
      contextRef="From2023-01-012023-12-31_custom_ShanghaiBankMember_srt_MinimumMember"
      decimals="INF"
      id="Fact000666"
      unitRef="Pure">0.031</us-gaap:DebtInstrumentInterestRateDuringPeriod>
    <us-gaap:DebtInstrumentInterestRateDuringPeriod
      contextRef="From2024-01-012024-12-31_custom_ShanghaiBankMember_srt_MaximumMember"
      decimals="INF"
      id="Fact000668"
      unitRef="Pure">0.032</us-gaap:DebtInstrumentInterestRateDuringPeriod>
    <us-gaap:DebtInstrumentInterestRateDuringPeriod
      contextRef="From2023-01-012023-12-31_custom_ShanghaiBankMember_srt_MaximumMember"
      decimals="INF"
      id="Fact000670"
      unitRef="Pure">0.032</us-gaap:DebtInstrumentInterestRateDuringPeriod>
    <us-gaap:DebtInstrumentMaturityDateDescription
      contextRef="From2024-01-012024-12-31_custom_ShanghaiBankMember"
      id="Fact000672">Due
    originally in January 2025 and subsequently replaced with a new loan which matures January 2026.</us-gaap:DebtInstrumentMaturityDateDescription>
    <us-gaap:DebtInstrumentMaturityDateDescription
      contextRef="From2023-01-012023-12-31_custom_ShanghaiBankMember"
      id="Fact000674">Due
    originally in January 2025 and subsequently replaced with a new loan which matures January 2026.</us-gaap:DebtInstrumentMaturityDateDescription>
    <us-gaap:ShortTermBorrowings
      contextRef="AsOf2024-12-31_custom_ShanghaiBankMember"
      decimals="0"
      id="Fact000676"
      unitRef="USD">183011</us-gaap:ShortTermBorrowings>
    <us-gaap:ShortTermBorrowings
      contextRef="AsOf2023-12-31_custom_ShanghaiBankMember"
      decimals="0"
      id="Fact000678"
      unitRef="USD">88032</us-gaap:ShortTermBorrowings>
    <us-gaap:DebtInstrumentInterestRateDuringPeriod
      contextRef="From2024-01-012024-12-31_custom_HuaNamBankMember"
      decimals="INF"
      id="Fact000680"
      unitRef="Pure">0.034</us-gaap:DebtInstrumentInterestRateDuringPeriod>
    <us-gaap:DebtInstrumentInterestRateDuringPeriod
      contextRef="From2023-01-012023-12-31_custom_HuaNamBankMember"
      decimals="INF"
      id="Fact000682"
      unitRef="Pure">0.034</us-gaap:DebtInstrumentInterestRateDuringPeriod>
    <us-gaap:DebtInstrumentMaturityDateDescription
      contextRef="From2024-01-012024-12-31_custom_HuaNamBankMember"
      id="Fact000684">Due
    in June 2025.</us-gaap:DebtInstrumentMaturityDateDescription>
    <us-gaap:DebtInstrumentMaturityDateDescription
      contextRef="From2023-01-012023-12-31_custom_HuaNamBankMember"
      id="Fact000686">Due
    in June 2025.</us-gaap:DebtInstrumentMaturityDateDescription>
    <us-gaap:ShortTermBorrowings
      contextRef="AsOf2024-12-31_custom_HuaNamBankMember"
      decimals="0"
      id="Fact000688"
      unitRef="USD">91505</us-gaap:ShortTermBorrowings>
    <us-gaap:ShortTermBorrowings
      contextRef="AsOf2023-12-31_custom_HuaNamBankMember"
      decimals="0"
      id="Fact000690"
      unitRef="USD">97777</us-gaap:ShortTermBorrowings>
    <us-gaap:DebtInstrumentInterestRateDuringPeriod
      contextRef="From2023-01-012023-12-31_custom_ChangHwaBankMember_srt_MinimumMember"
      decimals="INF"
      id="Fact000691"
      unitRef="Pure">0.03</us-gaap:DebtInstrumentInterestRateDuringPeriod>
    <us-gaap:DebtInstrumentInterestRateDuringPeriod
      contextRef="From2024-01-012024-12-31_custom_ChangHwaBankMember_srt_MaximumMember"
      decimals="INF"
      id="Fact000692"
      unitRef="Pure">0.033</us-gaap:DebtInstrumentInterestRateDuringPeriod>
    <us-gaap:DebtInstrumentMaturityDateDescription
      contextRef="From2023-01-012023-12-31_custom_ChangHwaBankMember"
      id="Fact000693">Due
in May 2025.</us-gaap:DebtInstrumentMaturityDateDescription>
    <us-gaap:ShortTermBorrowings
      contextRef="AsOf2024-12-31_custom_ChangHwaBankMember"
      decimals="0"
      id="Fact000695"
      unitRef="USD">152509</us-gaap:ShortTermBorrowings>
    <us-gaap:ShortTermBorrowings
      contextRef="AsOf2023-12-31_custom_ChangHwaBankMember"
      decimals="0"
      id="Fact000697"
      unitRef="USD">162962</us-gaap:ShortTermBorrowings>
    <us-gaap:ShortTermBorrowings
      contextRef="AsOf2024-12-31"
      decimals="0"
      id="Fact000699"
      unitRef="USD">427025</us-gaap:ShortTermBorrowings>
    <us-gaap:ShortTermBorrowings
      contextRef="AsOf2023-12-31"
      decimals="0"
      id="Fact000701"
      unitRef="USD">348771</us-gaap:ShortTermBorrowings>
    <us-gaap:ScheduleOfDebtInstrumentsTextBlock contextRef="From2024-01-01to2024-12-31" id="Fact000703">&lt;p id="xdx_891_eus-gaap--ScheduleOfDebtInstrumentsTextBlock_zdcXLf1ce7W2" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;The
Long-term debt balances were as follows:&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;span id="xdx_8B7_z3k2pGaJ6q1a" style="display: none"&gt;SCHEDULE
OF LONG-TERM DEBT&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%"&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 64%; text-align: left"&gt;Loans from Shanghai Commercial Bank with interest rates &lt;span class="xdx_phnt_RGlzY2xvc3VyZSAtIFNDSEVEVUxFIE9GIExPTkctVEVSTSBERUJUIChEZXRhaWxzKSAoUGFyZW50aGV0aWNhbCkA" id="xdx_906_eus-gaap--DebtInstrumentInterestRateEffectivePercentage_iI_pid_dp_uPure_c20241231__us-gaap--RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis__custom--ShanghaiBankMember_fKDEp_zo3LoW0KVrdg" title="Debt interest rate"&gt;&lt;span class="xdx_phnt_RGlzY2xvc3VyZSAtIFNDSEVEVUxFIE9GIExPTkctVEVSTSBERUJUIChEZXRhaWxzKSAoUGFyZW50aGV0aWNhbCkA" id="xdx_90B_eus-gaap--DebtInstrumentInterestRateEffectivePercentage_iI_pid_dp_uPure_c20231231__us-gaap--RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis__custom--ShanghaiBankMember_fKDEp_z7j3g9ovhiSk" title="Debt interest rate"&gt;2.1&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;%
    per annum due &lt;span class="xdx_phnt_RGlzY2xvc3VyZSAtIFNDSEVEVUxFIE9GIExPTkctVEVSTSBERUJUIChEZXRhaWxzKSAoUGFyZW50aGV0aWNhbCkA" id="xdx_906_ecustom--LongTermDebtInstrumentMaturityDateDescription_c20240101__20241231__us-gaap--RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis__custom--ShanghaiBankMember_fKDEp_zmoLP3xOv5xh" title="Maturity date description"&gt;&lt;span class="xdx_phnt_RGlzY2xvc3VyZSAtIFNDSEVEVUxFIE9GIExPTkctVEVSTSBERUJUIChEZXRhaWxzKSAoUGFyZW50aGV0aWNhbCkA" id="xdx_902_ecustom--LongTermDebtInstrumentMaturityDateDescription_c20230101__20231231__us-gaap--RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis__custom--ShanghaiBankMember_fKDEp_zBaosWTqM7yl" title="Maturity date description"&gt;January
    2029 (1)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 2%"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_984_eus-gaap--LoansPayableCurrent_iI_c20241231__us-gaap--RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis__custom--ShanghaiBankMember_fKDEp_zYZAXyRkkpm5" style="width: 14%; text-align: right" title="Loans"&gt;498,195&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 2%"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_987_eus-gaap--LoansPayableCurrent_iI_c20231231__us-gaap--RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis__custom--ShanghaiBankMember_fKDEp_zLWkDY0qyk1i" style="width: 14%; text-align: right" title="Loans"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl0715"&gt;-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;Current Portion of Long-term debt&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_984_eus-gaap--LongTermDebtCurrent_iNI_di_c20241231_zxyDQF0ZUN4l" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right" title="Current portion of long term debt"&gt;(122,007&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_988_eus-gaap--LongTermDebtCurrent_iNI_di_c20231231_zfYwrqZ2xOE5" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right" title="Current portion of long term debt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl0719"&gt;-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;Balance at end of period&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_985_eus-gaap--LongTermDebt_iI_c20241231_zikQtS0TvPz4" style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right" title="Long term debt"&gt;376,188&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_98F_eus-gaap--LongTermDebt_iI_c20231231_zofZgHYXAmo3" style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right" title="Long term debt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl0723"&gt;-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;/table&gt;

</us-gaap:ScheduleOfDebtInstrumentsTextBlock>
    <us-gaap:DebtInstrumentInterestRateEffectivePercentage
      contextRef="AsOf2024-12-31_custom_ShanghaiBankMember"
      decimals="INF"
      id="Fact000705"
      unitRef="Pure">0.021</us-gaap:DebtInstrumentInterestRateEffectivePercentage>
    <us-gaap:DebtInstrumentInterestRateEffectivePercentage
      contextRef="AsOf2023-12-31_custom_ShanghaiBankMember"
      decimals="INF"
      id="Fact000707"
      unitRef="Pure">0.021</us-gaap:DebtInstrumentInterestRateEffectivePercentage>
    <IVDA:LongTermDebtInstrumentMaturityDateDescription
      contextRef="From2024-01-012024-12-31_custom_ShanghaiBankMember"
      id="Fact000709">January
    2029 (1)</IVDA:LongTermDebtInstrumentMaturityDateDescription>
    <IVDA:LongTermDebtInstrumentMaturityDateDescription
      contextRef="From2023-01-012023-12-31_custom_ShanghaiBankMember"
      id="Fact000711">January
    2029 (1)</IVDA:LongTermDebtInstrumentMaturityDateDescription>
    <us-gaap:LoansPayableCurrent
      contextRef="AsOf2024-12-31_custom_ShanghaiBankMember"
      decimals="0"
      id="Fact000713"
      unitRef="USD">498195</us-gaap:LoansPayableCurrent>
    <us-gaap:LongTermDebtCurrent
      contextRef="AsOf2024-12-31"
      decimals="0"
      id="Fact000717"
      unitRef="USD">122007</us-gaap:LongTermDebtCurrent>
    <us-gaap:LongTermDebt
      contextRef="AsOf2024-12-31"
      decimals="0"
      id="Fact000721"
      unitRef="USD">376188</us-gaap:LongTermDebt>
    <srt:ContractualObligationFiscalYearMaturityScheduleTableTextBlock contextRef="From2024-01-01to2024-12-31" id="Fact000725">&lt;p id="xdx_89A_esrt--ContractualObligationFiscalYearMaturityScheduleTableTextBlock_zCA1QcDqTaI5" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span id="xdx_8B2_ztUBaeiD5aI3" style="display: none"&gt;SCHEDULE OF MINIMUM PAYMENT OF LONG TERM DEBT&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 70%"&gt;
  &lt;tr style="display: none; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_49C_20241231__us-gaap--RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis__custom--ChangHwaBankMember_z1vcujqo5PP5" style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_40F_eus-gaap--LongTermDebtMaturitiesRepaymentsOfPrincipalInNextTwelveMonths_iI_maLTDzu20_zGCqFlKZfcS6" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 78%; text-align: left"&gt;2025&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 2%"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 18%; text-align: right"&gt;122,007&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_401_eus-gaap--LongTermDebtMaturitiesRepaymentsOfPrincipalInYearTwo_iI_maLTDzu20_zJBRLclp6tR5" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;2026&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;122,007&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_406_eus-gaap--LongTermDebtMaturitiesRepaymentsOfPrincipalInYearThree_iI_maLTDzu20_ztewVVOnppp3" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;2027&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;122,007&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_40B_eus-gaap--LongTermDebtMaturitiesRepaymentsOfPrincipalInYearFour_iI_maLTDzu20_zHVFiNMRizF9" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;2028&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;122,007&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_402_ecustom--LongTermDebtMaturitiesRepaymentsOfPrincipalAfterYearFour_iI_maLTDzu20_z4xfMqE8ayRl" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;Thereafter&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;10,167&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_40E_eus-gaap--LongTermDebt_iTI_mtLTDzu20_z9pPvIVcwjD2" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;Total&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right"&gt;498,195&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;/table&gt;


&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: center"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="width: 100%; font: 12pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"&gt;&lt;tr style="vertical-align: top"&gt;
&lt;td style="width: 0.25in"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 0.25in"&gt;&lt;span id="xdx_F0B_zJuC47EOFgKj" style="font-size: 10pt"&gt;(1)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span id="xdx_F12_zQEWYkLRbWK1" style="font-size: 10pt"&gt;On
                                            January 24, 2024, the Company received a facility notice from Shanghai Commercial Bank, granting
                                            a revolving loan facility totaling up to TWD &lt;span class="xdx_phnt_RGlzY2xvc3VyZSAtIFNDSEVEVUxFIE9GIExPTkctVEVSTSBERUJUIChEZXRhaWxzKSAoUGFyZW50aGV0aWNhbCkA" id="xdx_904_eus-gaap--LineOfCreditFacilityMaximumBorrowingCapacity_iI_uNTD_c20240124__us-gaap--CreditFacilityAxis__us-gaap--RevolvingCreditFacilityMember_z6SmmmNufU21" title="Line of credit facility maximum borrowing capacity"&gt;10,000,000&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
                                            &lt;span style="font-size: 10pt"&gt;(approximately $&lt;span class="xdx_phnt_RGlzY2xvc3VyZSAtIFNDSEVEVUxFIE9GIExPTkctVEVSTSBERUJUIChEZXRhaWxzKSAoUGFyZW50aGV0aWNhbCkA" id="xdx_901_eus-gaap--LineOfCreditFacilityMaximumBorrowingCapacity_iI_uUSD_c20240124__us-gaap--CreditFacilityAxis__us-gaap--RevolvingCreditFacilityMember_zJynBP4yrwF8" title="Line of credit facility maximum borrowing capacity"&gt;300,000&lt;/span&gt; USD) and term loan facility amounting
                                            of TWD &lt;span class="xdx_phnt_RGlzY2xvc3VyZSAtIFNDSEVEVUxFIE9GIExPTkctVEVSTSBERUJUIChEZXRhaWxzKSAoUGFyZW50aGV0aWNhbCkA" id="xdx_907_eus-gaap--LongTermDebt_iI_uNTD_c20240124__us-gaap--LongtermDebtTypeAxis__custom--TermLoanMember_zXihGJI2EBJ5" title="Long term debt"&gt;20,000,000&lt;/span&gt;
                                            (approximately ($&lt;span class="xdx_phnt_RGlzY2xvc3VyZSAtIFNDSEVEVUxFIE9GIExPTkctVEVSTSBERUJUIChEZXRhaWxzKSAoUGFyZW50aGV0aWNhbCkA" id="xdx_904_eus-gaap--LongTermDebt_iI_c20240124__us-gaap--LongtermDebtTypeAxis__custom--TermLoanMember_zbHZWOEbyHKh" title="Long term debt"&gt;600,000&lt;/span&gt; USD)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 10pt"&gt;. The term for the
                                            revolving loan is &lt;span class="xdx_phnt_RGlzY2xvc3VyZSAtIFNDSEVEVUxFIE9GIExPTkctVEVSTSBERUJUIChEZXRhaWxzKSAoUGFyZW50aGV0aWNhbCkA" id="xdx_90A_eus-gaap--DebtInstrumentTerm_dtY_c20240124__20240124__us-gaap--CreditFacilityAxis__us-gaap--RevolvingCreditFacilityMember_zLXQ5naeQHH2"&gt;1&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
                                            &lt;span style="font-size: 10pt"&gt;year and for the term loan is &lt;span class="xdx_phnt_RGlzY2xvc3VyZSAtIFNDSEVEVUxFIE9GIExPTkctVEVSTSBERUJUIChEZXRhaWxzKSAoUGFyZW50aGV0aWNhbCkA" id="xdx_908_eus-gaap--DebtInstrumentTerm_dtY_c20240124__20240124__us-gaap--CreditFacilityAxis__custom--TermLoanMember_zLfYEd3duHIh"&gt;5&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
                                            &lt;span style="font-size: 10pt"&gt;years. The &lt;span class="xdx_phnt_RGlzY2xvc3VyZSAtIFNDSEVEVUxFIE9GIExPTkctVEVSTSBERUJUIChEZXRhaWxzKSAoUGFyZW50aGV0aWNhbCkA" id="xdx_902_eus-gaap--DebtInstrumentTerm_dtY_c20240124__20240124__us-gaap--LongtermDebtTypeAxis__custom--TermLoanMember_zdyb3igSwWkg"&gt;5&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
                                            &lt;span style="font-size: 10pt"&gt;year term loan requires monthly payments including interest
                                            and principle, and the revolving loan requires a full principal repayment at the maturity
                                            date. The short-term Shanghai Commercial Bank loan is &lt;span class="xdx_phnt_RGlzY2xvc3VyZSAtIFNDSEVEVUxFIE9GIExPTkctVEVSTSBERUJUIChEZXRhaWxzKSAoUGFyZW50aGV0aWNhbCkA" id="xdx_909_ecustom--LoanSecuritzedByGovernmentGuaranteePercentage_dp_c20240124__20240124_zo1gGQwouc6c"&gt;75&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 10pt"&gt;%
                                            securitized by the  government guarantee fund called SME credit guarantee fund and &lt;span class="xdx_phnt_RGlzY2xvc3VyZSAtIFNDSEVEVUxFIE9GIExPTkctVEVSTSBERUJUIChEZXRhaWxzKSAoUGFyZW50aGV0aWNhbCkA" id="xdx_90A_ecustom--SecurityDepositPercentage_dp_c20240124__20240124_zfOhSiDLFt48"&gt;10&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 10pt"&gt;%
                                            by saving deposit security. The guarantors of this loan are Mr. Siu and Mr. Cheung, who are
                                            both part of Iveda Taiwan&#x2019;s management team.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
                                                                                                              &lt;/table&gt;

</srt:ContractualObligationFiscalYearMaturityScheduleTableTextBlock>
    <us-gaap:LongTermDebtMaturitiesRepaymentsOfPrincipalInNextTwelveMonths
      contextRef="AsOf2024-12-31_custom_ChangHwaBankMember"
      decimals="0"
      id="Fact000727"
      unitRef="USD">122007</us-gaap:LongTermDebtMaturitiesRepaymentsOfPrincipalInNextTwelveMonths>
    <us-gaap:LongTermDebtMaturitiesRepaymentsOfPrincipalInYearTwo
      contextRef="AsOf2024-12-31_custom_ChangHwaBankMember"
      decimals="0"
      id="Fact000729"
      unitRef="USD">122007</us-gaap:LongTermDebtMaturitiesRepaymentsOfPrincipalInYearTwo>
    <us-gaap:LongTermDebtMaturitiesRepaymentsOfPrincipalInYearThree
      contextRef="AsOf2024-12-31_custom_ChangHwaBankMember"
      decimals="0"
      id="Fact000731"
      unitRef="USD">122007</us-gaap:LongTermDebtMaturitiesRepaymentsOfPrincipalInYearThree>
    <us-gaap:LongTermDebtMaturitiesRepaymentsOfPrincipalInYearFour
      contextRef="AsOf2024-12-31_custom_ChangHwaBankMember"
      decimals="0"
      id="Fact000733"
      unitRef="USD">122007</us-gaap:LongTermDebtMaturitiesRepaymentsOfPrincipalInYearFour>
    <IVDA:LongTermDebtMaturitiesRepaymentsOfPrincipalAfterYearFour
      contextRef="AsOf2024-12-31_custom_ChangHwaBankMember"
      decimals="0"
      id="Fact000735"
      unitRef="USD">10167</IVDA:LongTermDebtMaturitiesRepaymentsOfPrincipalAfterYearFour>
    <us-gaap:LongTermDebt
      contextRef="AsOf2024-12-31_custom_ChangHwaBankMember"
      decimals="0"
      id="Fact000737"
      unitRef="USD">498195</us-gaap:LongTermDebt>
    <us-gaap:LineOfCreditFacilityMaximumBorrowingCapacity
      contextRef="AsOf2024-01-24_us-gaap_RevolvingCreditFacilityMember"
      decimals="0"
      id="Fact000740"
      unitRef="NTD">10000000</us-gaap:LineOfCreditFacilityMaximumBorrowingCapacity>
    <us-gaap:LineOfCreditFacilityMaximumBorrowingCapacity
      contextRef="AsOf2024-01-24_us-gaap_RevolvingCreditFacilityMember"
      decimals="0"
      id="Fact000742"
      unitRef="USD">300000</us-gaap:LineOfCreditFacilityMaximumBorrowingCapacity>
    <us-gaap:LongTermDebt
      contextRef="AsOf2024-01-24_custom_TermLoanMember"
      decimals="0"
      id="Fact000744"
      unitRef="NTD">20000000</us-gaap:LongTermDebt>
    <us-gaap:LongTermDebt
      contextRef="AsOf2024-01-24_custom_TermLoanMember"
      decimals="0"
      id="Fact000746"
      unitRef="USD">600000</us-gaap:LongTermDebt>
    <us-gaap:DebtInstrumentTerm
      contextRef="From2024-01-242024-01-24_us-gaap_RevolvingCreditFacilityMember"
      id="Fact000747">P1Y</us-gaap:DebtInstrumentTerm>
    <us-gaap:DebtInstrumentTerm
      contextRef="From2024-01-242024-01-24_custom_TermLoanMember"
      id="Fact000748">P5Y</us-gaap:DebtInstrumentTerm>
    <us-gaap:DebtInstrumentTerm
      contextRef="From2024-01-242024-01-24_custom_TermLoanMember15942359"
      id="Fact000749">P5Y</us-gaap:DebtInstrumentTerm>
    <IVDA:LoanSecuritzedByGovernmentGuaranteePercentage
      contextRef="From2024-01-242024-01-24"
      decimals="INF"
      id="Fact000750"
      unitRef="Pure">0.75</IVDA:LoanSecuritzedByGovernmentGuaranteePercentage>
    <IVDA:SecurityDepositPercentage
      contextRef="From2024-01-242024-01-24"
      decimals="INF"
      id="Fact000751"
      unitRef="Pure">0.10</IVDA:SecurityDepositPercentage>
    <us-gaap:PreferredStockTextBlock contextRef="From2024-01-01to2024-12-31" id="Fact000753">&lt;p id="xdx_80B_eus-gaap--PreferredStockTextBlock_zhERgghrP8ml" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;NOTE
4 &lt;span id="xdx_82D_znIT2mO4257b"&gt;PREFERRED STOCK&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;We
are currently authorized to issue up to &lt;span id="xdx_909_eus-gaap--PreferredStockSharesAuthorized_iI_c20241231__srt--RangeAxis__srt--MaximumMember_z3uQpsu4b8v8" title="Preferred stock, shares authorized"&gt;12,500,000&lt;/span&gt; shares of preferred stock, par value $&lt;span id="xdx_905_eus-gaap--PreferredStockParOrStatedValuePerShare_iI_pid_c20241231_zR1SUKA3miI9" title="Preferred stock, par value"&gt;0.00001&lt;/span&gt; per share, &lt;span id="xdx_906_eus-gaap--PreferredStockSharesAuthorized_iI_c20241231__us-gaap--StatementClassOfStockAxis__us-gaap--SeriesAPreferredStockMember_zUsXuXnjoxhl" title="Preferred stock, shares authorized"&gt;1,250,000&lt;/span&gt; shares of which
are designated as Series A Preferred Stock and &lt;span id="xdx_902_eus-gaap--PreferredStockSharesAuthorized_iI_pid_c20241231__us-gaap--StatementClassOfStockAxis__us-gaap--SeriesBPreferredStockMember_zHPkjWKomWRj" title="Preferred stock, shares authorized"&gt;500&lt;/span&gt; shares of which are designated as Series B Preferred Stock. Our Articles of Incorporation
authorize the issuance of shares of preferred stock with designations, rights, and preferences determined from time to time by our Board
of Directors. Accordingly, our Board of Directors is empowered, without stockholder approval, to issue preferred stock with dividend,
liquidation, conversion, voting, or other rights which could adversely affect the voting power or other rights of the stockholders of
our common stock. In the event of issuance, the preferred stock could be utilized, under certain circumstances, as a method of discouraging,
delaying, or preventing a change in control of our company.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

</us-gaap:PreferredStockTextBlock>
    <us-gaap:PreferredStockSharesAuthorized
      contextRef="AsOf2024-12-31_srt_MaximumMember"
      decimals="INF"
      id="Fact000755"
      unitRef="Shares">12500000</us-gaap:PreferredStockSharesAuthorized>
    <us-gaap:PreferredStockParOrStatedValuePerShare
      contextRef="AsOf2024-12-31"
      decimals="INF"
      id="Fact000757"
      unitRef="USDPShares">0.00001</us-gaap:PreferredStockParOrStatedValuePerShare>
    <us-gaap:PreferredStockSharesAuthorized
      contextRef="AsOf2024-12-31_us-gaap_SeriesAPreferredStockMember"
      decimals="INF"
      id="Fact000759"
      unitRef="Shares">1250000</us-gaap:PreferredStockSharesAuthorized>
    <us-gaap:PreferredStockSharesAuthorized
      contextRef="AsOf2024-12-31_us-gaap_SeriesBPreferredStockMember"
      decimals="INF"
      id="Fact000761"
      unitRef="Shares">500</us-gaap:PreferredStockSharesAuthorized>
    <us-gaap:StockholdersEquityNoteDisclosureTextBlock contextRef="From2024-01-01to2024-12-31" id="Fact000763">&lt;p id="xdx_808_eus-gaap--StockholdersEquityNoteDisclosureTextBlock_z46C7mniMTPe" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;NOTE
5 &lt;span id="xdx_82C_zuwezYSjKuU7"&gt;EQUITY&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style="text-decoration: underline"&gt;Common
Stock&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;We
are authorized to issue up to &lt;span id="xdx_900_eus-gaap--CommonStockSharesAuthorized_iI_pid_c20241231__srt--RangeAxis__srt--MaximumMember_z5QcBiSYAuY6" title="Common stock, shares authorized"&gt;300,000,000
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;shares of common stock, par value $&lt;span id="xdx_90A_eus-gaap--CommonStockParOrStatedValuePerShare_iI_c20241231_ziPB0pRQjk2c" title="Common stock par value"&gt;0.00001
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;per share. We effectuated a reverse stock split
on September 17, 2024 of 1 for 8&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;shares of common stock. All share values within
this report have been retroactively adjusted to the post reverse split values. All outstanding shares of our common stock are of the
same class and have equal rights and attributes. The holders of our common stock are entitled to one vote per share on all matters submitted
to a vote of the stockholders of our company. Our common stock does not have cumulative voting rights. Persons who hold a majority of
the outstanding shares of our common stock entitled to vote on the election of directors can elect all of the directors who are eligible
for election. Holders of our common stock are entitled to share equally in dividends, if any, as may be declared from time to time by
our Board of Directors. In the event of liquidation, dissolution, or winding up of our company, subject to the preferential liquidation
rights of any series of preferred stock that we may from time to time designate, the holders of our common stock are entitled to share
ratably in all of our assets remaining after payment of all liabilities and preferential liquidation rights. Holders of our common stock
have no conversion, exchange, sinking fund, redemption, or appraisal rights (other than such as may be determined by the Board of Directors
in its sole discretion) and have no preemptive rights to subscribe for any of our securities.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"&gt;During September 2024 we
sold to a certain institutional investor pursuant to a prospectus supplement and prospectus (i) &lt;span id="xdx_904_eus-gaap--StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesOther_pid_c20240901__20240930__us-gaap--StatementEquityComponentsAxis__us-gaap--CommonStockMember_zDBqDI8DMti1" title="New shares issued"&gt;225,000&lt;/span&gt; shares of common stock, par value
$&lt;span id="xdx_901_eus-gaap--CommonStockParOrStatedValuePerShare_iI_c20240930__us-gaap--StatementEquityComponentsAxis__us-gaap--CommonStockMember_ztksppWpep43" title="Common stock, par value"&gt;0.00001&lt;/span&gt; per share (the &#x201c;Common Stock&#x201d;), at an offering price of $&lt;span id="xdx_904_eus-gaap--SharesIssuedPricePerShare_iI_c20240930__us-gaap--StatementEquityComponentsAxis__us-gaap--CommonStockMember_zwqwjbFFZgAj" title="Offering prices"&gt;3.44&lt;/span&gt; per share, and (ii) pre-funded warrants to purchase
up to &lt;span id="xdx_909_eus-gaap--ClassOfWarrantOrRightNumberOfSecuritiesCalledByWarrantsOrRights_iI_pid_c20240930__us-gaap--StatementEquityComponentsAxis__us-gaap--WarrantMember__us-gaap--RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis__us-gaap--InvestorMember_zrhbrZ54tJki" title="Purchase of warrants"&gt;400,000&lt;/span&gt; shares of Common Stock, at an offering price of $&lt;span id="xdx_901_eus-gaap--ClassOfWarrantOrRightExercisePriceOfWarrantsOrRights1_iI_c20240930__us-gaap--StatementEquityComponentsAxis__us-gaap--WarrantMember__us-gaap--RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis__us-gaap--InvestorMember_zZyOHdAtBlD8" title="Offering prices"&gt;3.43&lt;/span&gt; per pre-funded warrant, to the investor whose purchase of Common
Stock in this offering would otherwise result in the investor, together with its affiliates and certain related parties, beneficially
own more than 4.99% (or at the election of the investor, 9.99%) of our outstanding common stock immediately following the consummation
of the offering. Each of the pre-funded warrants will be exercisable for one share of Common Stock. The pre-funded warrants had an exercise
price of $&lt;span id="xdx_90D_eus-gaap--ClassOfWarrantOrRightExercisePriceOfWarrantsOrRights1_iI_c20241231__us-gaap--StatementEquityComponentsAxis__us-gaap--WarrantMember_zQY9hcjUIdd9" title="Offering prices"&gt;0.01&lt;/span&gt; per share, were immediately exercisable and could be exercised at any time until all of the pre-funded warrants issued
in the offering were exercised in full. All &lt;span id="xdx_909_eus-gaap--ClassOfWarrantOrRightNumberOfSecuritiesCalledByWarrantsOrRights_iI_pid_c20241031__us-gaap--StatementEquityComponentsAxis__us-gaap--WarrantMember_zYV8IpnL6O33" title="Purchase of warrants"&gt;&lt;span id="xdx_90C_eus-gaap--ClassOfWarrantOrRightNumberOfSecuritiesCalledByWarrantsOrRights_iI_pid_c20241130__us-gaap--StatementEquityComponentsAxis__us-gaap--WarrantMember_zcwhiR8gVcVe" title="Purchase of warrants"&gt;400,000&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; pre-funded warrants were exercised during October and November 2024. The Company issued an aggregate of &lt;span id="xdx_908_eus-gaap--StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesNewIssues_c20240901__20240930_z0NkJVanEwwk" title="Stock issued during period shares new issues"&gt;625,000&lt;/span&gt; shares of common stock resulting in net proceeds of $&lt;span id="xdx_900_eus-gaap--ProceedsFromIssuanceOfCommonStock_c20240901__20240930_zcxNaYlvlHBh" title="Net proceeds of direct offering"&gt;1,683,970&lt;/span&gt; as a
result of the direct offering.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;In
a concurrent private placement, we issued to such institutional investor unregistered Series A warrants to purchase up to &lt;span id="xdx_908_eus-gaap--ClassOfWarrantOrRightNumberOfSecuritiesCalledByWarrantsOrRights_iI_pid_c20241231__us-gaap--StatementEquityComponentsAxis__custom--UnregisteredSeriesAWarrantsMember_zNs8nyyf09H3"&gt;625,000
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;shares of Common Stock and unregistered Series
B warrants to purchase up to &lt;span id="xdx_900_eus-gaap--ClassOfWarrantOrRightNumberOfSecuritiesCalledByWarrantsOrRights_iI_pid_c20241231__us-gaap--StatementEquityComponentsAxis__custom--UnregisteredSeriesBWarrantsMember_z0r9y1xkrB96"&gt;625,000
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;shares of Common Stock, which warrants will be
exercisable on the effective date of stockholder approval of the issuance of the shares upon exercise of the unregistered warrants (the
&#x201c;Stockholder Approval&#x201d;), at an exercise price of $&lt;span id="xdx_90B_eus-gaap--ClassOfWarrantOrRightExercisePriceOfWarrantsOrRights1_iI_c20241231_zZfErgTczNn3"&gt;3.44
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;per share. The Series A warrants will expire
&lt;span id="xdx_908_eus-gaap--WarrantsAndRightsOutstandingTerm_iI_dc_c20241231__us-gaap--StatementEquityComponentsAxis__custom--UnregisteredSeriesAWarrantsMember_zx3SgP7PIYb3"&gt;five
years&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;following the Stockholder Approval and the
Series B warrants will expire &lt;span id="xdx_909_eus-gaap--WarrantsAndRightsOutstandingTerm_iI_dtM_c20241231__us-gaap--StatementEquityComponentsAxis__custom--UnregisteredSeriesBWarrantsMember_z60or0y7Lure"&gt;18&lt;/span&gt;
months&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;following the Stockholder Approval. The
unregistered warrants and the unregistered common stock issuable upon the exercise of the warrants were offered pursuant to the exemptions
provided in Section 4(a)(2) under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, or the Securities Act, and/or Regulation D promulgated thereunder.
The Company adjourned its annual meeting until June 2, 2025 to continue to solicit votes for the approval of the unregistered Series
A and Series B warrants.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify; margin: 0pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;The
company issued &lt;span id="xdx_90B_eus-gaap--ClassOfWarrantOrRightNumberOfSecuritiesCalledByWarrantsOrRights_iI_c20241231__us-gaap--ClassOfWarrantOrRightAxis__custom--September2024DirectOfferingMember_z2TSZWfaehc" title="Number of warrants issued"&gt;46,876&lt;/span&gt; warrants to the underwriters of the September 2024 direct offering, with an exercise price of $&lt;span id="xdx_905_eus-gaap--ClassOfWarrantOrRightExercisePriceOfWarrantsOrRights1_iI_pid_uUSDPShares_c20241231__us-gaap--ClassOfWarrantOrRightAxis__custom--September2024DirectOfferingMember_zl07FjVDdTxb" title="Exercise price"&gt;4.30&lt;/span&gt; per common
share and an expiration date of September 4, 2029.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"&gt;Restricted &lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Common
shares issued for services&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;The
Company issued &lt;span id="xdx_90B_eus-gaap--StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesIssuedForServices_pid_c20240101__20241231_zSRGzPd53Lrd" title="Common stock with a fair shares"&gt;12,500&lt;/span&gt; shares of its common stock with a fair value of $&lt;span id="xdx_906_eus-gaap--StockIssuedDuringPeriodValueIssuedForServices_pid_c20240101__20241231_znSACSpEsvwk" title="Common stock with a fair value"&gt;90,000&lt;/span&gt; for services during the year ended December 31, 2024. The
Company issued &lt;span id="xdx_903_eus-gaap--StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesIssuedForServices_pid_c20230101__20231231_z4KB6W9Q5KB1" title="Common stock with a fair shares"&gt;19,656&lt;/span&gt; shares of its common stock with a fair value of $&lt;span id="xdx_90D_eus-gaap--StockIssuedDuringPeriodValueIssuedForServices_pid_c20230101__20231231_zff3PhFTk0fi" title="Common stock with a fair value"&gt;138,546&lt;/span&gt; for services during the year ended December 31, 2023.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

</us-gaap:StockholdersEquityNoteDisclosureTextBlock>
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      unitRef="Shares">300000000</us-gaap:CommonStockSharesAuthorized>
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    <us-gaap:StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesOther
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      decimals="INF"
      id="Fact000769"
      unitRef="Shares">225000</us-gaap:StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesOther>
    <us-gaap:CommonStockParOrStatedValuePerShare
      contextRef="AsOf2024-09-30_us-gaap_CommonStockMember"
      decimals="INF"
      id="Fact000771"
      unitRef="USDPShares">0.00001</us-gaap:CommonStockParOrStatedValuePerShare>
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      contextRef="AsOf2024-09-30_us-gaap_CommonStockMember"
      decimals="INF"
      id="Fact000773"
      unitRef="USDPShares">3.44</us-gaap:SharesIssuedPricePerShare>
    <us-gaap:ClassOfWarrantOrRightNumberOfSecuritiesCalledByWarrantsOrRights
      contextRef="AsOf2024-09-30_us-gaap_WarrantMember_us-gaap_InvestorMember"
      decimals="INF"
      id="Fact000775"
      unitRef="Shares">400000</us-gaap:ClassOfWarrantOrRightNumberOfSecuritiesCalledByWarrantsOrRights>
    <us-gaap:ClassOfWarrantOrRightExercisePriceOfWarrantsOrRights1
      contextRef="AsOf2024-09-30_us-gaap_WarrantMember_us-gaap_InvestorMember"
      decimals="INF"
      id="Fact000777"
      unitRef="USDPShares">3.43</us-gaap:ClassOfWarrantOrRightExercisePriceOfWarrantsOrRights1>
    <us-gaap:ClassOfWarrantOrRightExercisePriceOfWarrantsOrRights1
      contextRef="AsOf2024-12-31_us-gaap_WarrantMember"
      decimals="INF"
      id="Fact000779"
      unitRef="USDPShares">0.01</us-gaap:ClassOfWarrantOrRightExercisePriceOfWarrantsOrRights1>
    <us-gaap:ClassOfWarrantOrRightNumberOfSecuritiesCalledByWarrantsOrRights
      contextRef="AsOf2024-10-31_us-gaap_WarrantMember"
      decimals="INF"
      id="Fact000781"
      unitRef="Shares">400000</us-gaap:ClassOfWarrantOrRightNumberOfSecuritiesCalledByWarrantsOrRights>
    <us-gaap:ClassOfWarrantOrRightNumberOfSecuritiesCalledByWarrantsOrRights
      contextRef="AsOf2024-11-30_us-gaap_WarrantMember"
      decimals="INF"
      id="Fact000783"
      unitRef="Shares">400000</us-gaap:ClassOfWarrantOrRightNumberOfSecuritiesCalledByWarrantsOrRights>
    <us-gaap:StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesNewIssues
      contextRef="From2024-09-012024-09-30"
      decimals="INF"
      id="Fact000785"
      unitRef="Shares">625000</us-gaap:StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesNewIssues>
    <us-gaap:ProceedsFromIssuanceOfCommonStock
      contextRef="From2024-09-012024-09-30"
      decimals="0"
      id="Fact000787"
      unitRef="USD">1683970</us-gaap:ProceedsFromIssuanceOfCommonStock>
    <us-gaap:ClassOfWarrantOrRightNumberOfSecuritiesCalledByWarrantsOrRights
      contextRef="AsOf2024-12-31_custom_UnregisteredSeriesAWarrantsMember"
      decimals="INF"
      id="Fact000788"
      unitRef="Shares">625000</us-gaap:ClassOfWarrantOrRightNumberOfSecuritiesCalledByWarrantsOrRights>
    <us-gaap:ClassOfWarrantOrRightNumberOfSecuritiesCalledByWarrantsOrRights
      contextRef="AsOf2024-12-31_custom_UnregisteredSeriesBWarrantsMember"
      decimals="INF"
      id="Fact000789"
      unitRef="Shares">625000</us-gaap:ClassOfWarrantOrRightNumberOfSecuritiesCalledByWarrantsOrRights>
    <us-gaap:ClassOfWarrantOrRightExercisePriceOfWarrantsOrRights1
      contextRef="AsOf2024-12-31"
      decimals="INF"
      id="Fact000790"
      unitRef="USDPShares">3.44</us-gaap:ClassOfWarrantOrRightExercisePriceOfWarrantsOrRights1>
    <us-gaap:WarrantsAndRightsOutstandingTerm
      contextRef="AsOf2024-12-31_custom_UnregisteredSeriesAWarrantsMember"
      id="Fact000791">P5Y</us-gaap:WarrantsAndRightsOutstandingTerm>
    <us-gaap:WarrantsAndRightsOutstandingTerm
      contextRef="AsOf2024-12-31_custom_UnregisteredSeriesBWarrantsMember"
      id="Fact000792">P18M</us-gaap:WarrantsAndRightsOutstandingTerm>
    <us-gaap:ClassOfWarrantOrRightNumberOfSecuritiesCalledByWarrantsOrRights
      contextRef="AsOf2024-12-31_custom_September2024DirectOfferingMember"
      decimals="INF"
      id="Fact000794"
      unitRef="Shares">46876</us-gaap:ClassOfWarrantOrRightNumberOfSecuritiesCalledByWarrantsOrRights>
    <us-gaap:ClassOfWarrantOrRightExercisePriceOfWarrantsOrRights1
      contextRef="AsOf2024-12-31_custom_September2024DirectOfferingMember"
      decimals="INF"
      id="Fact000796"
      unitRef="USDPShares">4.30</us-gaap:ClassOfWarrantOrRightExercisePriceOfWarrantsOrRights1>
    <us-gaap:StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesIssuedForServices
      contextRef="From2024-01-01to2024-12-31"
      decimals="INF"
      id="Fact000798"
      unitRef="Shares">12500</us-gaap:StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesIssuedForServices>
    <us-gaap:StockIssuedDuringPeriodValueIssuedForServices
      contextRef="From2024-01-01to2024-12-31"
      decimals="INF"
      id="Fact000800"
      unitRef="USD">90000</us-gaap:StockIssuedDuringPeriodValueIssuedForServices>
    <us-gaap:StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesIssuedForServices
      contextRef="From2023-01-012023-12-31"
      decimals="INF"
      id="Fact000802"
      unitRef="Shares">19656</us-gaap:StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesIssuedForServices>
    <us-gaap:StockIssuedDuringPeriodValueIssuedForServices
      contextRef="From2023-01-012023-12-31"
      decimals="INF"
      id="Fact000804"
      unitRef="USD">138546</us-gaap:StockIssuedDuringPeriodValueIssuedForServices>
    <us-gaap:DisclosureOfCompensationRelatedCostsShareBasedPaymentsTextBlock contextRef="From2024-01-01to2024-12-31" id="Fact000806">&lt;p id="xdx_80A_eus-gaap--DisclosureOfCompensationRelatedCostsShareBasedPaymentsTextBlock_z1JmD1fYF24h" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;NOTE
6 &lt;span id="xdx_826_zGpIN0QJkm61"&gt;STOCK OPTION PLAN AND WARRANTS&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style="text-decoration: underline"&gt;Stock
Options&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;On
January 18, 2010, we adopted the 2010 Stock Option Plan (the &#x201c;2010 Option Plan&#x201d;), which allows the Board to grant options
to purchase up to &lt;span id="xdx_90A_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardNumberOfSharesAuthorized_iI_c20100118__us-gaap--PlanNameAxis__custom--TwoThousandTenStockOptionPlanMember_zucZHhMR2hMe" title="Number of shares authorized under plan"&gt;15,625&lt;/span&gt; shares of common stock to directors, officers, key employees, and service providers of our company. In 2011,
the 2010 Option Plan was amended to increase the number of shares issuable under the 2010 Option Plan to &lt;span id="xdx_90B_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardNumberOfSharesAuthorized_iI_c20111231__us-gaap--PlanNameAxis__custom--TwoThousandTenStockOptionPlanMember_zg8DJjiu9dKa" title="Number of shares authorized under plan"&gt;375,000&lt;/span&gt; shares. In 2012, 2010
Option Plan was again amended to increase the number of shares issuable under the 2010 Option Plan to &lt;span id="xdx_908_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardNumberOfSharesAuthorized_iI_c20121231__us-gaap--PlanNameAxis__custom--TwoThousandTenStockOptionPlanMember_zvqTvEE9nBg4" title="Number of shares authorized under plan"&gt;203,125&lt;/span&gt; shares. The shares issuable
pursuant to the 2010 Option Plan are registered with the SEC under Forms S-8 filed on February 4, 2010 (No. 333- 164691), June 24, 2011
(No. 333-175143), and December 4, 2013 (No. 333-192655). The 2010 Option Plan expired on January 18, 2020. As of December 31, 2024 there
were &lt;span id="xdx_902_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingNumber_iI_c20241231__us-gaap--PlanNameAxis__custom--TwoThousandTenStockOptionPlanMember_zZ25vPmT3Et9" title="Options outstanding"&gt;23,659&lt;/span&gt; options outstanding under the 2010 Option Plan.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;On
December 15, 2020, we adopted the Iveda Solutions, Inc. 2020 Plan (the &#x201c;2020 Plan&#x201d;). The 2020 Plan has a maximum of &lt;span id="xdx_905_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardNumberOfSharesAuthorized_iI_c20201215__us-gaap--PlanNameAxis__custom--TwoThousandTwentyPlanMember__srt--RangeAxis__srt--MaximumMember_zZQibX0vRHHf" title="Number of shares authorized under plan"&gt;156,250&lt;/span&gt;
shares authorized with similar terms and conditions to the 2010 Option Plan. As of December 31, 2024 there were &lt;span id="xdx_90C_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingNumber_iI_c20241231__us-gaap--PlanNameAxis__custom--TwoThousandTwentyPlanMember_z64ETCNZolkd" title="Options outstanding"&gt;193,397&lt;/span&gt; options outstanding
under the 2020 Option Plan. The shares issuable pursuant to the 2020 Option Plan are registered with the SEC under Forms S-8 filed on
October 7, 2022 (No. 333- 267792). In 2024, the 2020 Option Plan was amended to increase the number of shares issuable under the 2020
Option Plan to &lt;span id="xdx_902_eus-gaap--StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesNewIssues_c20240101__20241231__us-gaap--PlanNameAxis__custom--TwoThousandTwentyPlanMember_zUEVuviDfbK7" title="Share issuable"&gt;656,250&lt;/span&gt; shares.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;




&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;As
of December 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, there were &lt;span id="xdx_904_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingNumber_iI_c20241231__us-gaap--PlanNameAxis__custom--StockOptionPlanMember_zm5ziIHQOoNb" title="Options outstanding"&gt;217,056&lt;/span&gt; and &lt;span id="xdx_90E_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingNumber_iI_c20231231__us-gaap--PlanNameAxis__custom--StockOptionPlanMember_zsGBxl9SU2Bc" title="Options outstanding"&gt;162,265&lt;/span&gt; options outstanding, respectively, under all the option plans.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Stock
options may be granted as either incentive stock options intended to qualify under Section 422 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986,
as amended (the &#x201c;Code&#x201d;), or as options not qualified under Section 422 of the Code. All options are issued with an exercise
price at or above the fair market value of the common stock on the date of the grant as determined by our Board of Directors. Incentive
stock option plan awards of restricted stock are intended to qualify as deductible performance-based compensation under Section 162(m)
of the Code. Incentive Stock Option awards of unrestricted stock are not designed to be deductible to us under Section 162(m). Under
the plans, stock options will terminate on the tenth anniversary date of the grant or earlier if provided in the grant.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;We
have also granted non-qualified stock options to employees and contractors. All non-qualified options are generally issued with an
exercise price no less than the fair value of the common stock on the date of the grant as determined by our Board of Directors.
Options may be exercised up to ten years following the date of the grant, with vesting schedules determined by us upon grant.
Vesting schedules vary by grant, with some fully vesting immediately upon grant to others that ratably vest over a period of time up
to four years. Standard vested options may be exercised up to three months following date of termination of the relationship unless
alternate terms are specified at grant. The fair values of options are determined using the Black-Scholes option-pricing model. The
estimated fair value of options is recognized as expense on the straight-line basis over the options&#x2019; vesting periods. At
December 31, 2024, we had approximately $&lt;span id="xdx_903_eus-gaap--EmployeeServiceShareBasedCompensationNonvestedAwardsTotalCompensationCostNotYetRecognized_iI_pp0p0_c20241231_zbEOC4qslIRd" title="Unrecognized stock- based compensation"&gt;32,800&lt;/span&gt;
unrecognized stock-based compensation. During 2024 and 2023, the Company granted &lt;span id="xdx_90A_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsGrantsInPeriod_c20240101__20241231_zV1kGGR2s9Mh" title="Shares granted"&gt;79,000&lt;/span&gt;
and &lt;span id="xdx_90F_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsGrantsInPeriod_c20230101__20231231_zXEFVGh6DAN7" title="Shares granted"&gt;37,188&lt;/span&gt;
stock options with a weighted average fair value of $&lt;span id="xdx_909_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsGrantsInPeriodWeightedAverageGrantDateFairValue_pid_c20240101__20241231_z3Afnqmg225d" title="Fair value"&gt;1.10&lt;/span&gt;
and $&lt;span id="xdx_905_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsGrantsInPeriodWeightedAverageGrantDateFairValue_pid_c20230101__20231231_zJ63YE6Mp6x4" title="Fair value"&gt;0.34&lt;/span&gt; per share,
respectively. The Company recorded stock compensation costs of $&lt;span id="xdx_900_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensation_c20240101__20241231_zzmhbIea6lDc" title="Stock option compensation"&gt;122,600&lt;/span&gt;
and $&lt;span id="xdx_90B_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensation_c20230101__20231231_zDsjaSQVKnCe" title="Stock option compensation"&gt;104,600&lt;/span&gt;
on vesting of the options during 2024 and 2023, respectively.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p id="xdx_89D_eus-gaap--DisclosureOfShareBasedCompensationArrangementsByShareBasedPaymentAwardTextBlock_z90JcSGkVIoa" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Stock
option transactions during 2024 and 2023 were as follows:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;span id="xdx_8B8_z1UedftvW1m3" style="display: none"&gt;SCHEDULE
OF STOCK OPTION TRANSACTIONS&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 90%"&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="6" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: center"&gt;2024&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="6" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: center"&gt;2023&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: center"&gt;Shares&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: center"&gt;Weighted- &lt;br/&gt; Average &lt;br/&gt; Exercise &lt;br/&gt; Price&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: center"&gt;Shares&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: center"&gt;Weighted- &lt;br/&gt; Average &lt;br/&gt; Exercise &lt;br/&gt; Price&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 34%; text-align: left"&gt;Outstanding at Beginning of Year&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 2%"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_982_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingNumber_iS_c20240101__20241231_zienb6zj1k9i" style="width: 10%; text-align: right" title="Shares, Outstanding at Beginning of Year"&gt;162,625&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 2%"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_987_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingWeightedAverageExercisePrice_iS_c20240101__20241231_zAbGsC2Spjo5" style="width: 10%; text-align: right" title="Weighted-Average Exercise Price, Outstanding at Beginning of Year"&gt;36.01&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 2%"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_984_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingNumber_iS_c20230101__20231231_zxGxzQPtAOqb" style="width: 10%; text-align: right" title="Shares, Outstanding at Beginning of Year"&gt;126,805&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 2%"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_983_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingWeightedAverageExercisePrice_iS_c20230101__20231231_zof3PrzjQi8" style="width: 10%; text-align: right" title="Weighted-Average Exercise Price, Outstanding at Beginning of Year"&gt;36.08&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;Granted&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_98A_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsGrantsInPeriod_c20240101__20241231_zgzERbU7knb7" style="text-align: right" title="Shares, Granted"&gt;79,000&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_980_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementsByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsGrantsInPeriodWeightedAverageExercisePrice_c20240101__20241231_zpuUh9fJI7ij" style="text-align: right" title="Weighted-Average Exercise Price, Granted"&gt;1.78&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_980_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsGrantsInPeriod_c20230101__20231231_z2cOU4polYqa" style="text-align: right" title="Shares, Granted"&gt;37,188&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_984_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementsByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsGrantsInPeriodWeightedAverageExercisePrice_c20230101__20231231_zbzcNCg7ih91" style="text-align: right" title="Weighted-Average Exercise Price, Granted"&gt;5.48&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;Exercised&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_987_eus-gaap--StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesStockOptionsExercised_iN_di_c20240101__20241231_z0Ed2jNdZxag" style="text-align: right" title="Shares, Exercised"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl0858"&gt;-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_981_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementsByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsExercisesInPeriodWeightedAverageExercisePrice_c20240101__20241231_zGg6g5VV8ZKd" style="text-align: right" title="Weighted-Average Exercise Price Exercised"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl0860"&gt;-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_98A_eus-gaap--StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesStockOptionsExercised_iN_di_c20230101__20231231_ztzGV5loyyn4" style="text-align: right" title="Shares, Exercised"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl0862"&gt;-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_98E_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementsByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsExercisesInPeriodWeightedAverageExercisePrice_c20230101__20231231_zjLI4tOirfBi" style="text-align: right" title="Weighted-Average Exercise Price Exercised"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl0864"&gt;-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;Forfeited or Cancelled&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_986_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsForfeituresInPeriod_iN_di_c20240101__20241231_z8ftKVSsKyH" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right" title="Shares, Forfeited or Canceled"&gt;(24,569&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_989_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementsByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsForfeituresInPeriodWeightedAverageExercisePrice_c20240101__20241231_zPBplo77lTfa" style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: right" title="Weighted-Average Exercise Price, Forfeited or Canceled"&gt;75.86&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_98B_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsForfeituresInPeriod_iN_di_c20230101__20231231_zuuuMA35SvT9" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right" title="Shares, Forfeited or Canceled"&gt;(1,367&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_986_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementsByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsForfeituresInPeriodWeightedAverageExercisePrice_c20230101__20231231_zXjcuE2HiR91" style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: right" title="Weighted-Average Exercise Price, Forfeited or Canceled"&gt;10.78&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;Outstanding at End of Year&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_98F_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingNumber_iE_c20240101__20241231_zhKEyZok6BIg" style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right" title="Shares, Outstanding at End of Year"&gt;217,056&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_985_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingWeightedAverageExercisePrice_iE_c20240101__20241231_zUbEStrrug8c" style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: right" title="Weighted-Average Exercise Price, Outstanding at End of Year"&gt;18.56&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_98E_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingNumber_iE_c20230101__20231231_zxBSyWOrATQg" style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right" title="Shares, Outstanding at End of Year"&gt;162,625&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_98D_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingWeightedAverageExercisePrice_iE_c20230101__20231231_zHv9AkFdIUEk" style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: right" title="Weighted-Average Exercise Price, Outstanding at End of Year"&gt;36.01&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;Options Exercisable at Year-End&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_98F_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsExercisableNumber_iE_c20240101__20241231_zBGShw5GZtC6" style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right" title="Shares, Options Exercisable at End of Year"&gt;214,525&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_98D_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsExercisableWeightedAverageExercisePrice_iE_c20240101__20241231_zc4dCzpGk71f" style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: right" title="Weighted-Average Exercise Price, Options Exercisable at End of Year"&gt;18.74&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_988_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsExercisableNumber_iE_c20230101__20231231_zcy7wBxqVv8f" style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right" title="Shares, Options Exercisable at End of Year"&gt;157,547&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_985_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsExercisableWeightedAverageExercisePrice_iE_c20230101__20231231_zAUtasc7lNVb" style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: right" title="Weighted-Average Exercise Price, Options Exercisable at End of Year"&gt;36.96&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;/table&gt;

&lt;p id="xdx_8AC_za9IghmJzAY8" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p id="xdx_898_eus-gaap--ScheduleOfShareBasedCompensationSharesAuthorizedUnderStockOptionPlansByExercisePriceRangeTextBlock_zcAnqU3wxzH2" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Information
with respect to stock options outstanding and exercisable at December 31, 2024 is as follows:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;span id="xdx_8BE_zgYwm8vRl8pg" style="display: none"&gt;SCHEDULE
OF STOCK OPTION OUTSTANDING AND EXERCISABLE AND EXERCISABLE EXERCISE PRICE RANGE&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse"&gt;
  &lt;tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="10" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Options
    Outstanding&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="6" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Options
    Exercisable&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Range
    of &lt;br/&gt;
    Exercise&lt;br/&gt;
    Prices&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Number&lt;br/&gt;
    Outstanding at&lt;br/&gt;
    December 31,&lt;br/&gt;
    2024&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Weighted-&lt;br/&gt;
    Average&lt;br/&gt;
    Remaining&lt;br/&gt;
    Contractual &lt;br/&gt;
    Life&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Weighted-
    &lt;br/&gt;
    Average&lt;br/&gt;
    Exercise &lt;br/&gt;
    Price&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Number
    &lt;br/&gt;
    Exercisable at &lt;br/&gt;
    December 31,&lt;br/&gt;
    2024&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Weighted-
    &lt;br/&gt;
    Average &lt;br/&gt;
    Exercise &lt;br/&gt;
    Price&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: #CCEEFF"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 13%; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;span id="xdx_907_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationSharesAuthorizedUnderStockOptionPlansExercisePriceRangeLowerRangeLimit_c20240101__20241231_zEScDW5Al3f3" title="Range of Exercise,  Lower Range Limit"&gt;1.58&lt;/span&gt;-&lt;span id="xdx_909_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationSharesAuthorizedUnderStockOptionPlansExercisePriceRangeUpperRangeLimit_c20240101__20241231_z8lMeZBIesCj" title="Range of Exercise,  Upper Range Limit"&gt;142.08&lt;/span&gt;
    &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 2%"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td id="xdx_988_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationSharesAuthorizedUnderStockOptionPlansExercisePriceRangeNumberOfOutstandingOptions_iI_c20241231_zTBg5r3JX7V8" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 13%; text-align: right" title="Options Outstanding, Number Outstanding"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;217,056&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 2%"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 14%; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;span id="xdx_903_eus-gaap--SharebasedCompensationSharesAuthorizedUnderStockOptionPlansExercisePriceRangeOutstandingOptionsWeightedAverageRemainingContractualTerm2_dtY_c20240101__20241231_zQKVRaTRNa4j" title="Options Outstanding, Weighted- Average Remaining Contractual Life"&gt;7.7&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 2%"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td id="xdx_982_eus-gaap--SharebasedCompensationSharesAuthorizedUnderStockOptionPlansExercisePriceRangeOutstandingOptionsWeightedAverageExercisePriceBeginningBalance1_iI_c20241231_zekICGfJBzvg" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 13%; text-align: right" title="Options Outstanding, Weighted-Average Exercise Price"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;4.50&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 2%"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td id="xdx_989_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationSharesAuthorizedUnderStockOptionPlansExercisePriceRangeNumberOfExercisableOptions_iI_c20241231_zKg4MAcgBlgb" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 13%; text-align: right" title="Options Exercisable, Number Exercisable"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;214,525&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 2%"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td id="xdx_98B_eus-gaap--SharebasedCompensationSharesAuthorizedUnderStockOptionPlansExercisePriceRangeExercisableOptionsWeightedAverageExercisePrice1_iI_c20241231_zZL0g3Nns6Ef" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 13%; text-align: right" title="Options Exercisable, Weighted-Average Exercise Price"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;18.74&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;/table&gt;
&lt;p id="xdx_8AA_zff9kOXYVdYe" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;The
fair value of each option granted is estimated on the date of grant using the Black-Scholes option-pricing model with the following weighted-average
assumptions used for options granted.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;




&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p id="xdx_898_eus-gaap--ScheduleOfStockholdersEquityNoteWarrantsOrRightsTextBlock_zGlGGmhjOsnd" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Warrant
transactions during 2024 and 2023 were as follows:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;span id="xdx_8B0_zeGUnGD4sIDd" style="display: none"&gt;SCHEDULE OF WARRANT TRANSACTIONS&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 90%"&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="6" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: center"&gt;2024&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="6" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: center"&gt;2023&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: center"&gt;Shares&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: center"&gt;Weighted- &lt;br/&gt; Average &lt;br/&gt; Exercise &lt;br/&gt; Price&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: center"&gt;Shares&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: center"&gt;Weighted- &lt;br/&gt; Average &lt;br/&gt; Exercise &lt;br/&gt; Price&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 34%; text-align: left"&gt;Outstanding at Beginning of Year&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 2%"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_988_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardNonOptionEquityInstrumentsOutstandingNumber_iS_c20240101__20241231_zfUlOWC7VXpf" style="width: 10%; text-align: right" title="Shares, Outstanding at Beginning of Year"&gt;631,737&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 2%"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_982_ecustom--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardNonOptionsOutstandingWeightedAverageExercisePrice_iS_c20240101__20241231_zQ4KnOhZk0rb" style="width: 10%; text-align: right" title="Weighted-Average Exercise Price, Outstanding at Beginning of Year"&gt;75.34&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 2%"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_98E_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardNonOptionEquityInstrumentsOutstandingNumber_iS_c20230101__20231231_zh8suGgKmVfk" style="width: 10%; text-align: right" title="Shares, Outstanding at Beginning of Year"&gt;779,208&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 2%"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_986_ecustom--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardNonOptionsOutstandingWeightedAverageExercisePrice_iS_c20230101__20231231_zErp4qvmU76e" style="width: 10%; text-align: right" title="Weighted-Average Exercise Price, Outstanding at Beginning of Year"&gt;21.28&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;Granted&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_983_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardNonOptionEquityInstrumentsGranted_c20240101__20241231_zotk6pzlFBJc" style="text-align: right" title="Shares, Granted"&gt;1,296,876&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_98B_ecustom--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardNonOptionsGrantedWeightedAverageExercisePrice_c20240101__20241231_z5pSyZtY0WRa" style="text-align: right" title="Weighted-Average Exercise Price, Granted"&gt;3.47&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_984_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardNonOptionEquityInstrumentsGranted_c20230101__20231231_zp8q3suvOTth" style="text-align: right" title="Shares, Granted"&gt;1,406&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_980_ecustom--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardNonOptionsGrantedWeightedAverageExercisePrice_c20230101__20231231_zyJ2HM6eZiXe" style="text-align: right" title="Weighted-Average Exercise Price, Granted"&gt;5.72&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;Exercised&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_988_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardNonOptionEquityInstrumentsExercised_iN_di_c20240101__20241231_zQf5dGx06qaj" style="text-align: right" title="Shares, Exercised"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl0924"&gt;-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_984_ecustom--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardNonOptionsExercisedWeightedAverageExercisePrice_c20240101__20241231_zcfa8qAfTrT5" style="text-align: right" title="Weighted-Average Exercise Price, Exercised"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl0926"&gt;-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_983_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardNonOptionEquityInstrumentsExercised_iN_di_c20230101__20231231_zj8x5QtYFOye" style="text-align: right" title="Shares, Exercised"&gt;(118,238&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_986_ecustom--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardNonOptionsExercisedWeightedAverageExercisePrice_c20230101__20231231_z20LwF6DEDEb" style="text-align: right" title="Weighted-Average Exercise Price, Exercised"&gt;11.20&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;Forfeited or Cancelled&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_989_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardNonOptionEquityInstrumentsForfeitures_iN_di_c20240101__20241231_zKkiW1LP1Frj" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right" title="Shares, Forfeited or Canceled"&gt;(46,537&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_985_ecustom--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardNonOptionsForfeitedCancelledWeightedAverageExercisePrice_c20240101__20241231_z6zYwACV5xqg" style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: right" title="Weighted-Average Exercise Price, Forfeited or Canceled"&gt;24.23&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_980_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardNonOptionEquityInstrumentsForfeitures_iN_di_c20230101__20231231_zrt688OnM3h7" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right" title="Shares, Forfeited or Canceled"&gt;(30,639&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_98A_ecustom--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardNonOptionsForfeitedCancelledWeightedAverageExercisePrice_c20230101__20231231_zMKIFxte2tu" style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: right" title="Weighted-Average Exercise Price, Forfeited or Canceled"&gt;26.74&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;Outstanding at End of Year&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_98E_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardNonOptionEquityInstrumentsOutstandingNumber_iE_c20240101__20241231_zjwXUHhTKPLf" style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right" title="Shares, Outstanding at End of Year"&gt;1,882,076&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_984_ecustom--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardNonOptionsOutstandingWeightedAverageExercisePrice_iE_c20240101__20241231_zdfg0k3khDR1" style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: right" title="Weighted-Average Exercise Price, Outstanding at End of Year"&gt;2.84&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_984_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardNonOptionEquityInstrumentsOutstandingNumber_iE_c20230101__20231231_z84zNm87bMj2" style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right" title="Shares, Outstanding at End of Year"&gt;631,737&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_982_ecustom--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardNonOptionsOutstandingWeightedAverageExercisePrice_iE_c20230101__20231231_zUsEwqmpdAzk" style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: right" title="Weighted-Average Exercise Price, Outstanding at End of Year"&gt;75.34&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;Warrant Exercisable at Year-End&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_984_ecustom--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardNonOptionEquityInstrumentsExercisableNumber_iE_c20240101__20241231_zKbr7uGbK7ob" style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right" title="Shares, Options Exercisable at End of Year"&gt;585,200&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_98C_ecustom--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardNonOptionsExercisableWeightedAverageExercisePrice_iE_c20240101__20241231_zyur0I7xpNF3" style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: right" title="Weighted-Average Exercise Price, Options Exercisable at End of Year"&gt;2.84&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_988_ecustom--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardNonOptionEquityInstrumentsExercisableNumber_iE_c20230101__20231231_zfRjZx3kH225" style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right" title="Shares, Options Exercisable at End of Year"&gt;631,737&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_980_ecustom--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardNonOptionsExercisableWeightedAverageExercisePrice_iE_c20230101__20231231_zkd2LCAPU7i5" style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: right" title="Weighted-Average Exercise Price, Options Exercisable at End of Year"&gt;75.34&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;Weighted-Average Fair Value of Warrants Granted During the Year&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span id="xdx_90E_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsGrantsInPeriodWeightedAverageGrantDateFairValue_c20240101__20241231_zExMkY5Hc6jd" title="Weighted-Average Fair Value of Options Granted During the Period"&gt;0.25&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span id="xdx_90C_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsGrantsInPeriodWeightedAverageGrantDateFairValue_c20230101__20231231_zC0ZVMxkqrV1" title="Weighted-Average Fair Value of Options Granted During the Period"&gt;0.24&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;/table&gt;

&lt;p id="xdx_8A3_zVwACKra1zHl" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p id="xdx_895_ecustom--ScheduleOfStockholdersEquityNoteWarrantsTableTextBlock_zKUSb3JVLPm5" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Information
with respect to warrants outstanding and exercisable at December 31, 2024 is as follows:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;span id="xdx_8B5_zARhjQfxqn0c" style="display: none"&gt;SUMMARY
OF WARRANTS OUTSTANDING AND EXERCISABLE&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%"&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="10" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;Warrants
    Outstanding&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="6" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;Warrants
    Exercisable&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;Range
    of &lt;br/&gt; Exercise &lt;br/&gt; Prices&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;Number
    &lt;br/&gt; Outstanding &lt;br/&gt; at &lt;br/&gt; December 31,&lt;br/&gt; 2024&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;Weighted-
    &lt;br/&gt; Average Remaining Contractual &lt;br/&gt; Life&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;Weighted-
    &lt;br/&gt; Average &lt;br/&gt; Exercise &lt;br/&gt; Price&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;Number
    &lt;br/&gt; Exercisable &lt;br/&gt; at &lt;br/&gt; December 31,&lt;br/&gt; 2024&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;Weighted-
    &lt;br/&gt; Average &lt;br/&gt; Exercise &lt;br/&gt; Price&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 13%; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;span id="xdx_90C_eus-gaap--ClassOfWarrantOrRightExercisePriceOfWarrantsOrRights1_iI_c20241231__srt--RangeAxis__srt--MinimumMember_zFSXIIsvd9Wj" title="Range of Exercise Prices"&gt;3.44&lt;/span&gt;
                                            -$&lt;span id="xdx_90D_eus-gaap--ClassOfWarrantOrRightExercisePriceOfWarrantsOrRights1_iI_c20241231__srt--RangeAxis__srt--MaximumMember_zs3LkhY1uFSj" title="Range of Exercise Prices"&gt;85.12&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 2%"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_98C_eus-gaap--ClassOfWarrantOrRightOutstanding_iI_c20241231__us-gaap--AwardTypeAxis__us-gaap--WarrantMember_zobKJToZITDa" style="width: 13%; text-align: right" title="Warrants Outstanding"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;1,882,076&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 2%"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 13%; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span id="xdx_906_ecustom--WarrantsOutstandingWeightedAverageRemainingContractualTerm_iI_dtY_c20240101__20241231__us-gaap--AwardTypeAxis__us-gaap--WarrantMember_z7NVj4j8H8Of" title="Warrants Outstanding, Weighted-Average Remaining Contractual Life"&gt;2.3&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 2%"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_98F_ecustom--WarrantsOutstandingWeightedAverageExercisePriceValue_iI_c20241231__us-gaap--AwardTypeAxis__us-gaap--WarrantMember_zQJCus4JNgj1" style="width: 13%; text-align: right" title="Weighted-Average Exercise Price"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;3.47&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 2%"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_98F_ecustom--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardNonOptionEquityInstrumentsExercisableNumber_iI_c20241231__us-gaap--AwardTypeAxis__us-gaap--WarrantMember_z3K4yxvWzU0l" style="width: 13%; text-align: right" title="Warrants Exercisable"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;585,200&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 2%"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_98D_ecustom--WarrantsExercisableWeightedAverageExercisePriceValue_iI_c20241231__us-gaap--AwardTypeAxis__us-gaap--WarrantMember_zDFsfmgoFkXc" style="width: 13%; text-align: right" title="Warrants Exercisable, Weighted-Average Exercise Price"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;22.59&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;/table&gt;

&lt;p id="xdx_8AE_zVPGi4Yh9O68" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;The
fair value of each warrant granted is estimated on the date of grant using the Black-Scholes option-pricing model with the following
weighted-average assumptions used for options granted.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;During the year ended December 31, 2023, warrant
holders exercised &lt;span id="xdx_909_ecustom--StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesStockWarrantsExercised_c20230101__20231231_zSxq8idQcQJc" title="Exercised warrants, shares"&gt;118,238&lt;/span&gt; warrants to acquire &lt;span id="xdx_909_ecustom--StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesStockWarrantsToAcquire_c20230101__20231231_zwPbpgRUNU1i" title="Acquire shares"&gt;118,238&lt;/span&gt; shares for net proceeds to the Company of $&lt;span id="xdx_90C_eus-gaap--ProceedsFromIssuanceOfWarrants_c20230101__20231231_zOjTxci1071e" title="Net proceeds"&gt;1,322,885&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;




&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

</us-gaap:DisclosureOfCompensationRelatedCostsShareBasedPaymentsTextBlock>
    <us-gaap:ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardNumberOfSharesAuthorized
      contextRef="AsOf2010-01-18_custom_TwoThousandTenStockOptionPlanMember"
      decimals="INF"
      id="Fact000808"
      unitRef="Shares">15625</us-gaap:ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardNumberOfSharesAuthorized>
    <us-gaap:ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardNumberOfSharesAuthorized
      contextRef="AsOf2011-12-31_custom_TwoThousandTenStockOptionPlanMember"
      decimals="INF"
      id="Fact000810"
      unitRef="Shares">375000</us-gaap:ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardNumberOfSharesAuthorized>
    <us-gaap:ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardNumberOfSharesAuthorized
      contextRef="AsOf2012-12-31_custom_TwoThousandTenStockOptionPlanMember"
      decimals="INF"
      id="Fact000812"
      unitRef="Shares">203125</us-gaap:ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardNumberOfSharesAuthorized>
    <us-gaap:ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingNumber
      contextRef="AsOf2024-12-31_custom_TwoThousandTenStockOptionPlanMember"
      decimals="INF"
      id="Fact000814"
      unitRef="Shares">23659</us-gaap:ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingNumber>
    <us-gaap:ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardNumberOfSharesAuthorized
      contextRef="AsOf2020-12-15_custom_TwoThousandTwentyPlanMember_srt_MaximumMember"
      decimals="INF"
      id="Fact000816"
      unitRef="Shares">156250</us-gaap:ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardNumberOfSharesAuthorized>
    <us-gaap:ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingNumber
      contextRef="AsOf2024-12-31_custom_TwoThousandTwentyPlanMember"
      decimals="INF"
      id="Fact000818"
      unitRef="Shares">193397</us-gaap:ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingNumber>
    <us-gaap:StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesNewIssues
      contextRef="From2024-01-012024-12-31_custom_TwoThousandTwentyPlanMember"
      decimals="INF"
      id="Fact000820"
      unitRef="Shares">656250</us-gaap:StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesNewIssues>
    <us-gaap:ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingNumber
      contextRef="AsOf2024-12-31_custom_StockOptionPlanMember"
      decimals="INF"
      id="Fact000822"
      unitRef="Shares">217056</us-gaap:ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingNumber>
    <us-gaap:ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingNumber
      contextRef="AsOf2023-12-31_custom_StockOptionPlanMember"
      decimals="INF"
      id="Fact000824"
      unitRef="Shares">162265</us-gaap:ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingNumber>
    <us-gaap:EmployeeServiceShareBasedCompensationNonvestedAwardsTotalCompensationCostNotYetRecognized
      contextRef="AsOf2024-12-31"
      decimals="0"
      id="Fact000826"
      unitRef="USD">32800</us-gaap:EmployeeServiceShareBasedCompensationNonvestedAwardsTotalCompensationCostNotYetRecognized>
    <us-gaap:ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsGrantsInPeriod
      contextRef="From2024-01-01to2024-12-31"
      decimals="INF"
      id="Fact000828"
      unitRef="Shares">79000</us-gaap:ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsGrantsInPeriod>
    <us-gaap:ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsGrantsInPeriod
      contextRef="From2023-01-012023-12-31"
      decimals="INF"
      id="Fact000830"
      unitRef="Shares">37188</us-gaap:ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsGrantsInPeriod>
    <us-gaap:ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsGrantsInPeriodWeightedAverageGrantDateFairValue
      contextRef="From2024-01-01to2024-12-31"
      decimals="INF"
      id="Fact000832"
      unitRef="USDPShares">1.10</us-gaap:ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsGrantsInPeriodWeightedAverageGrantDateFairValue>
    <us-gaap:ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsGrantsInPeriodWeightedAverageGrantDateFairValue
      contextRef="From2023-01-012023-12-31"
      decimals="INF"
      id="Fact000834"
      unitRef="USDPShares">0.34</us-gaap:ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsGrantsInPeriodWeightedAverageGrantDateFairValue>
    <us-gaap:ShareBasedCompensation
      contextRef="From2024-01-01to2024-12-31"
      decimals="0"
      id="Fact000836"
      unitRef="USD">122600</us-gaap:ShareBasedCompensation>
    <us-gaap:ShareBasedCompensation
      contextRef="From2023-01-012023-12-31"
      decimals="0"
      id="Fact000838"
      unitRef="USD">104600</us-gaap:ShareBasedCompensation>
    <us-gaap:DisclosureOfShareBasedCompensationArrangementsByShareBasedPaymentAwardTextBlock contextRef="From2024-01-01to2024-12-31" id="Fact000840">&lt;p id="xdx_89D_eus-gaap--DisclosureOfShareBasedCompensationArrangementsByShareBasedPaymentAwardTextBlock_z90JcSGkVIoa" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Stock
option transactions during 2024 and 2023 were as follows:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;span id="xdx_8B8_z1UedftvW1m3" style="display: none"&gt;SCHEDULE
OF STOCK OPTION TRANSACTIONS&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 90%"&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="6" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: center"&gt;2024&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="6" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: center"&gt;2023&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: center"&gt;Shares&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: center"&gt;Weighted- &lt;br/&gt; Average &lt;br/&gt; Exercise &lt;br/&gt; Price&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: center"&gt;Shares&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: center"&gt;Weighted- &lt;br/&gt; Average &lt;br/&gt; Exercise &lt;br/&gt; Price&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 34%; text-align: left"&gt;Outstanding at Beginning of Year&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 2%"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_982_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingNumber_iS_c20240101__20241231_zienb6zj1k9i" style="width: 10%; text-align: right" title="Shares, Outstanding at Beginning of Year"&gt;162,625&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 2%"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_987_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingWeightedAverageExercisePrice_iS_c20240101__20241231_zAbGsC2Spjo5" style="width: 10%; text-align: right" title="Weighted-Average Exercise Price, Outstanding at Beginning of Year"&gt;36.01&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 2%"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_984_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingNumber_iS_c20230101__20231231_zxGxzQPtAOqb" style="width: 10%; text-align: right" title="Shares, Outstanding at Beginning of Year"&gt;126,805&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 2%"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_983_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingWeightedAverageExercisePrice_iS_c20230101__20231231_zof3PrzjQi8" style="width: 10%; text-align: right" title="Weighted-Average Exercise Price, Outstanding at Beginning of Year"&gt;36.08&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;Granted&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_98A_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsGrantsInPeriod_c20240101__20241231_zgzERbU7knb7" style="text-align: right" title="Shares, Granted"&gt;79,000&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_980_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementsByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsGrantsInPeriodWeightedAverageExercisePrice_c20240101__20241231_zpuUh9fJI7ij" style="text-align: right" title="Weighted-Average Exercise Price, Granted"&gt;1.78&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_980_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsGrantsInPeriod_c20230101__20231231_z2cOU4polYqa" style="text-align: right" title="Shares, Granted"&gt;37,188&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_984_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementsByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsGrantsInPeriodWeightedAverageExercisePrice_c20230101__20231231_zbzcNCg7ih91" style="text-align: right" title="Weighted-Average Exercise Price, Granted"&gt;5.48&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;Exercised&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_987_eus-gaap--StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesStockOptionsExercised_iN_di_c20240101__20241231_z0Ed2jNdZxag" style="text-align: right" title="Shares, Exercised"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl0858"&gt;-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_981_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementsByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsExercisesInPeriodWeightedAverageExercisePrice_c20240101__20241231_zGg6g5VV8ZKd" style="text-align: right" title="Weighted-Average Exercise Price Exercised"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl0860"&gt;-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_98A_eus-gaap--StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesStockOptionsExercised_iN_di_c20230101__20231231_ztzGV5loyyn4" style="text-align: right" title="Shares, Exercised"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl0862"&gt;-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_98E_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementsByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsExercisesInPeriodWeightedAverageExercisePrice_c20230101__20231231_zjLI4tOirfBi" style="text-align: right" title="Weighted-Average Exercise Price Exercised"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl0864"&gt;-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;Forfeited or Cancelled&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_986_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsForfeituresInPeriod_iN_di_c20240101__20241231_z8ftKVSsKyH" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right" title="Shares, Forfeited or Canceled"&gt;(24,569&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_989_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementsByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsForfeituresInPeriodWeightedAverageExercisePrice_c20240101__20241231_zPBplo77lTfa" style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: right" title="Weighted-Average Exercise Price, Forfeited or Canceled"&gt;75.86&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_98B_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsForfeituresInPeriod_iN_di_c20230101__20231231_zuuuMA35SvT9" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right" title="Shares, Forfeited or Canceled"&gt;(1,367&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_986_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementsByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsForfeituresInPeriodWeightedAverageExercisePrice_c20230101__20231231_zXjcuE2HiR91" style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: right" title="Weighted-Average Exercise Price, Forfeited or Canceled"&gt;10.78&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;Outstanding at End of Year&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_98F_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingNumber_iE_c20240101__20241231_zhKEyZok6BIg" style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right" title="Shares, Outstanding at End of Year"&gt;217,056&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_985_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingWeightedAverageExercisePrice_iE_c20240101__20241231_zUbEStrrug8c" style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: right" title="Weighted-Average Exercise Price, Outstanding at End of Year"&gt;18.56&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_98E_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingNumber_iE_c20230101__20231231_zxBSyWOrATQg" style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right" title="Shares, Outstanding at End of Year"&gt;162,625&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_98D_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingWeightedAverageExercisePrice_iE_c20230101__20231231_zHv9AkFdIUEk" style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: right" title="Weighted-Average Exercise Price, Outstanding at End of Year"&gt;36.01&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;Options Exercisable at Year-End&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_98F_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsExercisableNumber_iE_c20240101__20241231_zBGShw5GZtC6" style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right" title="Shares, Options Exercisable at End of Year"&gt;214,525&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_98D_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsExercisableWeightedAverageExercisePrice_iE_c20240101__20241231_zc4dCzpGk71f" style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: right" title="Weighted-Average Exercise Price, Options Exercisable at End of Year"&gt;18.74&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_988_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsExercisableNumber_iE_c20230101__20231231_zcy7wBxqVv8f" style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right" title="Shares, Options Exercisable at End of Year"&gt;157,547&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_985_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsExercisableWeightedAverageExercisePrice_iE_c20230101__20231231_zAUtasc7lNVb" style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: right" title="Weighted-Average Exercise Price, Options Exercisable at End of Year"&gt;36.96&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;/table&gt;

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    <us-gaap:ScheduleOfShareBasedCompensationSharesAuthorizedUnderStockOptionPlansByExercisePriceRangeTextBlock contextRef="From2024-01-01to2024-12-31" id="Fact000890">&lt;p id="xdx_898_eus-gaap--ScheduleOfShareBasedCompensationSharesAuthorizedUnderStockOptionPlansByExercisePriceRangeTextBlock_zcAnqU3wxzH2" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Information
with respect to stock options outstanding and exercisable at December 31, 2024 is as follows:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;span id="xdx_8BE_zgYwm8vRl8pg" style="display: none"&gt;SCHEDULE
OF STOCK OPTION OUTSTANDING AND EXERCISABLE AND EXERCISABLE EXERCISE PRICE RANGE&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse"&gt;
  &lt;tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="10" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Options
    Outstanding&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="6" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Options
    Exercisable&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Range
    of &lt;br/&gt;
    Exercise&lt;br/&gt;
    Prices&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Number&lt;br/&gt;
    Outstanding at&lt;br/&gt;
    December 31,&lt;br/&gt;
    2024&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Weighted-&lt;br/&gt;
    Average&lt;br/&gt;
    Remaining&lt;br/&gt;
    Contractual &lt;br/&gt;
    Life&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Weighted-
    &lt;br/&gt;
    Average&lt;br/&gt;
    Exercise &lt;br/&gt;
    Price&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Number
    &lt;br/&gt;
    Exercisable at &lt;br/&gt;
    December 31,&lt;br/&gt;
    2024&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Weighted-
    &lt;br/&gt;
    Average &lt;br/&gt;
    Exercise &lt;br/&gt;
    Price&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: #CCEEFF"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 13%; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;span id="xdx_907_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationSharesAuthorizedUnderStockOptionPlansExercisePriceRangeLowerRangeLimit_c20240101__20241231_zEScDW5Al3f3" title="Range of Exercise,  Lower Range Limit"&gt;1.58&lt;/span&gt;-&lt;span id="xdx_909_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationSharesAuthorizedUnderStockOptionPlansExercisePriceRangeUpperRangeLimit_c20240101__20241231_z8lMeZBIesCj" title="Range of Exercise,  Upper Range Limit"&gt;142.08&lt;/span&gt;
    &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 2%"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td id="xdx_988_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationSharesAuthorizedUnderStockOptionPlansExercisePriceRangeNumberOfOutstandingOptions_iI_c20241231_zTBg5r3JX7V8" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 13%; text-align: right" title="Options Outstanding, Number Outstanding"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;217,056&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 2%"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 14%; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;span id="xdx_903_eus-gaap--SharebasedCompensationSharesAuthorizedUnderStockOptionPlansExercisePriceRangeOutstandingOptionsWeightedAverageRemainingContractualTerm2_dtY_c20240101__20241231_zQKVRaTRNa4j" title="Options Outstanding, Weighted- Average Remaining Contractual Life"&gt;7.7&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 2%"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td id="xdx_982_eus-gaap--SharebasedCompensationSharesAuthorizedUnderStockOptionPlansExercisePriceRangeOutstandingOptionsWeightedAverageExercisePriceBeginningBalance1_iI_c20241231_zekICGfJBzvg" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 13%; text-align: right" title="Options Outstanding, Weighted-Average Exercise Price"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;4.50&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 2%"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td id="xdx_989_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationSharesAuthorizedUnderStockOptionPlansExercisePriceRangeNumberOfExercisableOptions_iI_c20241231_zKg4MAcgBlgb" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 13%; text-align: right" title="Options Exercisable, Number Exercisable"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;214,525&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 2%"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td id="xdx_98B_eus-gaap--SharebasedCompensationSharesAuthorizedUnderStockOptionPlansExercisePriceRangeExercisableOptionsWeightedAverageExercisePrice1_iI_c20241231_zZL0g3Nns6Ef" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 13%; text-align: right" title="Options Exercisable, Weighted-Average Exercise Price"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;18.74&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;/table&gt;
</us-gaap:ScheduleOfShareBasedCompensationSharesAuthorizedUnderStockOptionPlansByExercisePriceRangeTextBlock>
    <us-gaap:ShareBasedCompensationSharesAuthorizedUnderStockOptionPlansExercisePriceRangeLowerRangeLimit
      contextRef="From2024-01-01to2024-12-31"
      decimals="INF"
      id="Fact000892"
      unitRef="USDPShares">1.58</us-gaap:ShareBasedCompensationSharesAuthorizedUnderStockOptionPlansExercisePriceRangeLowerRangeLimit>
    <us-gaap:ShareBasedCompensationSharesAuthorizedUnderStockOptionPlansExercisePriceRangeUpperRangeLimit
      contextRef="From2024-01-01to2024-12-31"
      decimals="INF"
      id="Fact000894"
      unitRef="USDPShares">142.08</us-gaap:ShareBasedCompensationSharesAuthorizedUnderStockOptionPlansExercisePriceRangeUpperRangeLimit>
    <us-gaap:ShareBasedCompensationSharesAuthorizedUnderStockOptionPlansExercisePriceRangeNumberOfOutstandingOptions
      contextRef="AsOf2024-12-31"
      decimals="INF"
      id="Fact000896"
      unitRef="Shares">217056</us-gaap:ShareBasedCompensationSharesAuthorizedUnderStockOptionPlansExercisePriceRangeNumberOfOutstandingOptions>
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    <us-gaap:SharebasedCompensationSharesAuthorizedUnderStockOptionPlansExercisePriceRangeOutstandingOptionsWeightedAverageExercisePriceBeginningBalance1
      contextRef="AsOf2024-12-31"
      decimals="INF"
      id="Fact000900"
      unitRef="USDPShares">4.50</us-gaap:SharebasedCompensationSharesAuthorizedUnderStockOptionPlansExercisePriceRangeOutstandingOptionsWeightedAverageExercisePriceBeginningBalance1>
    <us-gaap:ShareBasedCompensationSharesAuthorizedUnderStockOptionPlansExercisePriceRangeNumberOfExercisableOptions
      contextRef="AsOf2024-12-31"
      decimals="INF"
      id="Fact000902"
      unitRef="Shares">214525</us-gaap:ShareBasedCompensationSharesAuthorizedUnderStockOptionPlansExercisePriceRangeNumberOfExercisableOptions>
    <us-gaap:SharebasedCompensationSharesAuthorizedUnderStockOptionPlansExercisePriceRangeExercisableOptionsWeightedAverageExercisePrice1
      contextRef="AsOf2024-12-31"
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      id="Fact000904"
      unitRef="USDPShares">18.74</us-gaap:SharebasedCompensationSharesAuthorizedUnderStockOptionPlansExercisePriceRangeExercisableOptionsWeightedAverageExercisePrice1>
    <us-gaap:ScheduleOfStockholdersEquityNoteWarrantsOrRightsTextBlock contextRef="From2024-01-01to2024-12-31" id="Fact000906">&lt;p id="xdx_898_eus-gaap--ScheduleOfStockholdersEquityNoteWarrantsOrRightsTextBlock_zGlGGmhjOsnd" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Warrant
transactions during 2024 and 2023 were as follows:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;span id="xdx_8B0_zeGUnGD4sIDd" style="display: none"&gt;SCHEDULE OF WARRANT TRANSACTIONS&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 90%"&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="6" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: center"&gt;2024&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="6" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: center"&gt;2023&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: center"&gt;Shares&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: center"&gt;Weighted- &lt;br/&gt; Average &lt;br/&gt; Exercise &lt;br/&gt; Price&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: center"&gt;Shares&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: center"&gt;Weighted- &lt;br/&gt; Average &lt;br/&gt; Exercise &lt;br/&gt; Price&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 34%; text-align: left"&gt;Outstanding at Beginning of Year&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 2%"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_988_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardNonOptionEquityInstrumentsOutstandingNumber_iS_c20240101__20241231_zfUlOWC7VXpf" style="width: 10%; text-align: right" title="Shares, Outstanding at Beginning of Year"&gt;631,737&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 2%"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_982_ecustom--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardNonOptionsOutstandingWeightedAverageExercisePrice_iS_c20240101__20241231_zQ4KnOhZk0rb" style="width: 10%; text-align: right" title="Weighted-Average Exercise Price, Outstanding at Beginning of Year"&gt;75.34&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 2%"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_98E_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardNonOptionEquityInstrumentsOutstandingNumber_iS_c20230101__20231231_zh8suGgKmVfk" style="width: 10%; text-align: right" title="Shares, Outstanding at Beginning of Year"&gt;779,208&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 2%"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_986_ecustom--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardNonOptionsOutstandingWeightedAverageExercisePrice_iS_c20230101__20231231_zErp4qvmU76e" style="width: 10%; text-align: right" title="Weighted-Average Exercise Price, Outstanding at Beginning of Year"&gt;21.28&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;Granted&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_983_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardNonOptionEquityInstrumentsGranted_c20240101__20241231_zotk6pzlFBJc" style="text-align: right" title="Shares, Granted"&gt;1,296,876&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_98B_ecustom--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardNonOptionsGrantedWeightedAverageExercisePrice_c20240101__20241231_z5pSyZtY0WRa" style="text-align: right" title="Weighted-Average Exercise Price, Granted"&gt;3.47&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_984_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardNonOptionEquityInstrumentsGranted_c20230101__20231231_zp8q3suvOTth" style="text-align: right" title="Shares, Granted"&gt;1,406&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_980_ecustom--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardNonOptionsGrantedWeightedAverageExercisePrice_c20230101__20231231_zyJ2HM6eZiXe" style="text-align: right" title="Weighted-Average Exercise Price, Granted"&gt;5.72&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;Exercised&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_988_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardNonOptionEquityInstrumentsExercised_iN_di_c20240101__20241231_zQf5dGx06qaj" style="text-align: right" title="Shares, Exercised"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl0924"&gt;-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_984_ecustom--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardNonOptionsExercisedWeightedAverageExercisePrice_c20240101__20241231_zcfa8qAfTrT5" style="text-align: right" title="Weighted-Average Exercise Price, Exercised"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl0926"&gt;-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_983_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardNonOptionEquityInstrumentsExercised_iN_di_c20230101__20231231_zj8x5QtYFOye" style="text-align: right" title="Shares, Exercised"&gt;(118,238&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_986_ecustom--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardNonOptionsExercisedWeightedAverageExercisePrice_c20230101__20231231_z20LwF6DEDEb" style="text-align: right" title="Weighted-Average Exercise Price, Exercised"&gt;11.20&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;Forfeited or Cancelled&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_989_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardNonOptionEquityInstrumentsForfeitures_iN_di_c20240101__20241231_zKkiW1LP1Frj" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right" title="Shares, Forfeited or Canceled"&gt;(46,537&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_985_ecustom--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardNonOptionsForfeitedCancelledWeightedAverageExercisePrice_c20240101__20241231_z6zYwACV5xqg" style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: right" title="Weighted-Average Exercise Price, Forfeited or Canceled"&gt;24.23&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_980_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardNonOptionEquityInstrumentsForfeitures_iN_di_c20230101__20231231_zrt688OnM3h7" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right" title="Shares, Forfeited or Canceled"&gt;(30,639&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_98A_ecustom--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardNonOptionsForfeitedCancelledWeightedAverageExercisePrice_c20230101__20231231_zMKIFxte2tu" style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: right" title="Weighted-Average Exercise Price, Forfeited or Canceled"&gt;26.74&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;Outstanding at End of Year&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_98E_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardNonOptionEquityInstrumentsOutstandingNumber_iE_c20240101__20241231_zjwXUHhTKPLf" style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right" title="Shares, Outstanding at End of Year"&gt;1,882,076&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_984_ecustom--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardNonOptionsOutstandingWeightedAverageExercisePrice_iE_c20240101__20241231_zdfg0k3khDR1" style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: right" title="Weighted-Average Exercise Price, Outstanding at End of Year"&gt;2.84&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_984_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardNonOptionEquityInstrumentsOutstandingNumber_iE_c20230101__20231231_z84zNm87bMj2" style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right" title="Shares, Outstanding at End of Year"&gt;631,737&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_982_ecustom--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardNonOptionsOutstandingWeightedAverageExercisePrice_iE_c20230101__20231231_zUsEwqmpdAzk" style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: right" title="Weighted-Average Exercise Price, Outstanding at End of Year"&gt;75.34&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;Warrant Exercisable at Year-End&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_984_ecustom--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardNonOptionEquityInstrumentsExercisableNumber_iE_c20240101__20241231_zKbr7uGbK7ob" style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right" title="Shares, Options Exercisable at End of Year"&gt;585,200&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_98C_ecustom--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardNonOptionsExercisableWeightedAverageExercisePrice_iE_c20240101__20241231_zyur0I7xpNF3" style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: right" title="Weighted-Average Exercise Price, Options Exercisable at End of Year"&gt;2.84&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_988_ecustom--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardNonOptionEquityInstrumentsExercisableNumber_iE_c20230101__20231231_zfRjZx3kH225" style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right" title="Shares, Options Exercisable at End of Year"&gt;631,737&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_980_ecustom--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardNonOptionsExercisableWeightedAverageExercisePrice_iE_c20230101__20231231_zkd2LCAPU7i5" style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: right" title="Weighted-Average Exercise Price, Options Exercisable at End of Year"&gt;75.34&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;Weighted-Average Fair Value of Warrants Granted During the Year&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span id="xdx_90E_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsGrantsInPeriodWeightedAverageGrantDateFairValue_c20240101__20241231_zExMkY5Hc6jd" title="Weighted-Average Fair Value of Options Granted During the Period"&gt;0.25&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span id="xdx_90C_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsGrantsInPeriodWeightedAverageGrantDateFairValue_c20230101__20231231_zC0ZVMxkqrV1" title="Weighted-Average Fair Value of Options Granted During the Period"&gt;0.24&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;/table&gt;

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      contextRef="From2023-01-012023-12-31"
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      contextRef="From2023-01-012023-12-31"
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      decimals="INF"
      id="Fact000956"
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    <us-gaap:ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsGrantsInPeriodWeightedAverageGrantDateFairValue
      contextRef="From2023-01-012023-12-31"
      decimals="INF"
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    <IVDA:ScheduleOfStockholdersEquityNoteWarrantsTableTextBlock contextRef="From2024-01-01to2024-12-31" id="Fact000960">&lt;p id="xdx_895_ecustom--ScheduleOfStockholdersEquityNoteWarrantsTableTextBlock_zKUSb3JVLPm5" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Information
with respect to warrants outstanding and exercisable at December 31, 2024 is as follows:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;span id="xdx_8B5_zARhjQfxqn0c" style="display: none"&gt;SUMMARY
OF WARRANTS OUTSTANDING AND EXERCISABLE&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%"&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="10" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;Warrants
    Outstanding&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="6" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;Warrants
    Exercisable&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;Range
    of &lt;br/&gt; Exercise &lt;br/&gt; Prices&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;Number
    &lt;br/&gt; Outstanding &lt;br/&gt; at &lt;br/&gt; December 31,&lt;br/&gt; 2024&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;Weighted-
    &lt;br/&gt; Average Remaining Contractual &lt;br/&gt; Life&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;Weighted-
    &lt;br/&gt; Average &lt;br/&gt; Exercise &lt;br/&gt; Price&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;Number
    &lt;br/&gt; Exercisable &lt;br/&gt; at &lt;br/&gt; December 31,&lt;br/&gt; 2024&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;Weighted-
    &lt;br/&gt; Average &lt;br/&gt; Exercise &lt;br/&gt; Price&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 13%; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;span id="xdx_90C_eus-gaap--ClassOfWarrantOrRightExercisePriceOfWarrantsOrRights1_iI_c20241231__srt--RangeAxis__srt--MinimumMember_zFSXIIsvd9Wj" title="Range of Exercise Prices"&gt;3.44&lt;/span&gt;
                                            -$&lt;span id="xdx_90D_eus-gaap--ClassOfWarrantOrRightExercisePriceOfWarrantsOrRights1_iI_c20241231__srt--RangeAxis__srt--MaximumMember_zs3LkhY1uFSj" title="Range of Exercise Prices"&gt;85.12&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 2%"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_98C_eus-gaap--ClassOfWarrantOrRightOutstanding_iI_c20241231__us-gaap--AwardTypeAxis__us-gaap--WarrantMember_zobKJToZITDa" style="width: 13%; text-align: right" title="Warrants Outstanding"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;1,882,076&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 2%"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 13%; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span id="xdx_906_ecustom--WarrantsOutstandingWeightedAverageRemainingContractualTerm_iI_dtY_c20240101__20241231__us-gaap--AwardTypeAxis__us-gaap--WarrantMember_z7NVj4j8H8Of" title="Warrants Outstanding, Weighted-Average Remaining Contractual Life"&gt;2.3&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 2%"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_98F_ecustom--WarrantsOutstandingWeightedAverageExercisePriceValue_iI_c20241231__us-gaap--AwardTypeAxis__us-gaap--WarrantMember_zQJCus4JNgj1" style="width: 13%; text-align: right" title="Weighted-Average Exercise Price"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;3.47&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 2%"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_98F_ecustom--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardNonOptionEquityInstrumentsExercisableNumber_iI_c20241231__us-gaap--AwardTypeAxis__us-gaap--WarrantMember_z3K4yxvWzU0l" style="width: 13%; text-align: right" title="Warrants Exercisable"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;585,200&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 2%"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_98D_ecustom--WarrantsExercisableWeightedAverageExercisePriceValue_iI_c20241231__us-gaap--AwardTypeAxis__us-gaap--WarrantMember_zDFsfmgoFkXc" style="width: 13%; text-align: right" title="Warrants Exercisable, Weighted-Average Exercise Price"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;22.59&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;/table&gt;

</IVDA:ScheduleOfStockholdersEquityNoteWarrantsTableTextBlock>
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      contextRef="AsOf2024-12-31_srt_MinimumMember"
      decimals="INF"
      id="Fact000962"
      unitRef="USDPShares">3.44</us-gaap:ClassOfWarrantOrRightExercisePriceOfWarrantsOrRights1>
    <us-gaap:ClassOfWarrantOrRightExercisePriceOfWarrantsOrRights1
      contextRef="AsOf2024-12-31_srt_MaximumMember"
      decimals="INF"
      id="Fact000964"
      unitRef="USDPShares">85.12</us-gaap:ClassOfWarrantOrRightExercisePriceOfWarrantsOrRights1>
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      contextRef="AsOf2024-12-31_us-gaap_WarrantMember15944156"
      decimals="INF"
      id="Fact000966"
      unitRef="Shares">1882076</us-gaap:ClassOfWarrantOrRightOutstanding>
    <IVDA:WarrantsOutstandingWeightedAverageRemainingContractualTerm
      contextRef="From2024-01-012024-12-31_us-gaap_WarrantMember"
      id="Fact000968">P2Y3M18D</IVDA:WarrantsOutstandingWeightedAverageRemainingContractualTerm>
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      contextRef="AsOf2024-12-31_us-gaap_WarrantMember15944156"
      decimals="INF"
      id="Fact000970"
      unitRef="USDPShares">3.47</IVDA:WarrantsOutstandingWeightedAverageExercisePriceValue>
    <IVDA:ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardNonOptionEquityInstrumentsExercisableNumber
      contextRef="AsOf2024-12-31_us-gaap_WarrantMember15944156"
      decimals="INF"
      id="Fact000972"
      unitRef="Shares">585200</IVDA:ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardNonOptionEquityInstrumentsExercisableNumber>
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      contextRef="AsOf2024-12-31_us-gaap_WarrantMember15944156"
      decimals="INF"
      id="Fact000974"
      unitRef="USDPShares">22.59</IVDA:WarrantsExercisableWeightedAverageExercisePriceValue>
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      contextRef="From2023-01-012023-12-31"
      decimals="INF"
      id="Fact000976"
      unitRef="Shares">118238</IVDA:StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesStockWarrantsExercised>
    <IVDA:StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesStockWarrantsToAcquire
      contextRef="From2023-01-012023-12-31"
      decimals="INF"
      id="Fact000978"
      unitRef="Shares">118238</IVDA:StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesStockWarrantsToAcquire>
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      contextRef="From2023-01-012023-12-31"
      decimals="0"
      id="Fact000980"
      unitRef="USD">1322885</us-gaap:ProceedsFromIssuanceOfWarrants>
    <us-gaap:IncomeTaxDisclosureTextBlock contextRef="From2024-01-01to2024-12-31" id="Fact000982">&lt;p id="xdx_807_eus-gaap--IncomeTaxDisclosureTextBlock_z2Zd0lRvmuDh" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;NOTE
7 &lt;span id="xdx_82F_z4U2tOqZNETd"&gt;INCOME TAXES&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style="text-decoration: underline"&gt;U.S.
Federal Corporate Income Tax&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;The
Company uses an asset and liability approach for accounting and reporting for income taxes that allows recognition and measurement of
deferred tax assets based upon the likelihood of realization of tax benefits in future years. Under the asset and liability approach,
deferred taxes are provided for the net tax effects of temporary differences between the carrying amounts of assets and liabilities for
financial reporting purposes and the amounts used for income tax purposes. A valuation allowance is provided for deferred tax assets
if it is more likely than not these items will either expire before the Company is able to realize their benefits, or that future deductibility
is uncertain. The Company&#x2019;s policy is to recognize interest and/or penalties related to income tax matters in income tax expense.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;At
December 31, 2024, the Company had available Federal and state net operating loss carryforwards to reduce future taxable income. As of December 31, 2024, we had federal and state net operating loss carryforwards
for income tax purposes of approximately $&lt;span id="xdx_900_eus-gaap--OperatingLossCarryforwards_iI_pn6n6_c20241231__us-gaap--IncomeTaxAuthorityAxis__us-gaap--DomesticCountryMember_zmoLmIAjHeh5" title="Operating loss carryforwards"&gt;38&lt;/span&gt; million which will begin to expire in 2025. We also have Arizona net operating loss carryforwards
for income tax purposes of approximately $ &lt;span id="xdx_900_eus-gaap--OperatingLossCarryforwards_iI_pn5n6_c20241231__us-gaap--IncomeTaxAuthorityAxis__us-gaap--ForeignCountryMember_zVvH4Dew54Lh" title="Operating loss carryforwards"&gt;12.0&lt;/span&gt; million which expire after five years. These carryforwards have been utilized in the determination
of the deferred income taxes for financial statement purposes.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"&gt;Given the Company&#x2019;s history of net operating
losses, management has determined that it is more likely than not that the Company will not be able to realize the tax benefit of the
carryforwards. Accordingly, The Company has not recognized a deferred tax asset for this benefit. Section 382 generally limits the use
of NOLs and credits following an ownership change, which occurs when one or more &lt;i&gt;5 &lt;/i&gt;percent shareholders increase their ownership,
in aggregate, by more than 50 percentage points over the lowest percentage of stock owned by such shareholders at any time during the
&#x201c;testing period&#x201d; (generally three years).&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;The
Company has adopted FASB guidelines that address the determination of whether lax benefits claimed or expected to be claimed on a tax
return should be recorded in the financial statements. Under this guidance, we may recognize the lax benefit from an uncertain lax position
only if it is more likely than not that the tax position will be sustained on examination by the taxing authorities, based on the technical
merits of the position. The tax benefits recognized in the financial statements from such a position should be measured based on the
largest benefit that has a greater than fifty percent likelihood of being realized upon ultimate settlement. This guidance also provides
guidance on de-recognition, classification, interest and penalties on income taxes, accounting in interim periods and requires increased
disclosures. As of December 31, 2024 and 2023, the Company did not have a liability for unrecognized tax benefits, and no adjustment
was required at adoption.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;The
Company&#x2019;s policy is to record interest and penalties on uncertain tax provisions as income tax expense. As of December 31, 2024,
and 2023, the Company has not accrued interest or penalties related to uncertain tax positions. Additionally, tax years 2021 through
2024 remain open to examination by the major taxing jurisdictions to which the Company is subject.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Upon
the attainment of taxable income by the Company, management will assess the likelihood of realizing the tax benefit associated with the
use of the carryforwards and will recognize the appropriate deferred tax asset at that time.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p id="xdx_89A_eus-gaap--ScheduleOfEffectiveIncomeTaxRateReconciliationTableTextBlock_zyNEi8BYX8z7" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;The
Company&#x2019;s effective income tax rate differs from the amount computed by applying the federal statutory income tax rate to loss
before income taxes as follows:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;span id="xdx_8BF_z7rLHVyey1S8" style="display: none"&gt;SCHEDULE
OF EFFECTIVE TAX RATE&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%"&gt;
&lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: center"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: center"&gt;December 31, 2024&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: center"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: center"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: center"&gt;December 31, 2023&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: center"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 64%; text-align: left"&gt;Income tax benefit at federal statutory rate&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 2%"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_988_eus-gaap--EffectiveIncomeTaxRateReconciliationAtFederalStatutoryIncomeTaxRate_iN_pid_dpi_uPure_maABC_c20240101__20241231_zbKOVZNFBrG3" style="width: 14%; text-align: right" title="Income tax benefit at federal statutory rate"&gt;(21.0&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;)%&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 2%"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_981_eus-gaap--EffectiveIncomeTaxRateReconciliationAtFederalStatutoryIncomeTaxRate_iN_pid_dpi_uPure_maABC_c20230101__20231231_z61pIU4YDaFj" style="width: 14%; text-align: right" title="Income tax benefit at federal statutory rate"&gt;(21,0&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;)%&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;State income tax benefit, net of federal benefit&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_983_eus-gaap--EffectiveIncomeTaxRateReconciliationStateAndLocalIncomeTaxes_pid_dp_uPure_maABC_c20240101__20241231_zlIrPV2sAYC3" style="text-align: right" title="State income tax benefit, net of federal benefit"&gt;(5.0&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;)%&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_985_eus-gaap--EffectiveIncomeTaxRateReconciliationStateAndLocalIncomeTaxes_pid_dp_uPure_maABC_c20230101__20231231_z6zbekzv1lHi" style="text-align: right" title="State income tax benefit, net of federal benefit"&gt;(5.0&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;)%&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;Change in valuation allowance&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_982_eus-gaap--EffectiveIncomeTaxRateReconciliationChangeInDeferredTaxAssetsValuationAllowance_pid_dp_uPure_maABC_c20240101__20241231_zr21bp7zMWGb" style="text-align: right" title="Change in valuation allowance"&gt;26&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;%&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_980_eus-gaap--EffectiveIncomeTaxRateReconciliationChangeInDeferredTaxAssetsValuationAllowance_pid_dp_uPure_maABC_c20230101__20231231_zqEvqyfegpti" style="text-align: right" title="Change in valuation allowance"&gt;26.0&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;%&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;Income taxes at effective rate&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_983_eus-gaap--EffectiveIncomeTaxRateContinuingOperations_pid_dp_uPure_mtABC_c20240101__20241231_z7KRIcFhLdS4" style="text-align: right" title="Income taxes at effective rate"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1002"&gt;-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;%&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_983_eus-gaap--EffectiveIncomeTaxRateContinuingOperations_pid_dp_uPure_mtABC_c20230101__20231231_zmdzkVwR5M18" style="text-align: right" title="Income taxes at effective rate"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1004"&gt;-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;%&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;/table&gt;

&lt;p id="xdx_8A3_zVNucUDg7P32" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;




&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p id="xdx_893_eus-gaap--ScheduleOfDeferredTaxAssetsAndLiabilitiesTableTextBlock_znvs0DOOlUG8" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Temporary
differences between financial statement carrying amounts and the tax basis of assets and liabilities and tax credit and operating loss
carryforward that create deferred tax assets and liabilities are as follows:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;span id="xdx_8BB_zCmuttW59pZd" style="display: none"&gt;SCHEDULE
OF DEFERRED TAX ASSETS AND LIABILITIES&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 80%"&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: center"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" id="xdx_496_20241231_ztvBIXsojfHj" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: center"&gt;2024&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" id="xdx_499_20231231_zMrp5sgmfQfl" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: center"&gt;2023&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_401_eus-gaap--DeferredTaxAssetsOperatingLossCarryforwardsDomestic_iI_maDTALNzqL8_zNGK2nR2zaJ2" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 40%; text-align: left"&gt;Tax Operating Loss Carryforward&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 2%"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 16%; text-align: right"&gt;9,900,000&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 2%"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 16%; text-align: right"&gt;7,800,000&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_405_ecustom--UnamortizedResearchAndDevelopmentCosts_iI_maDTALNzqL8_zF547Q75xFQ9" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;Unamortized Research and Development Costs&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"&gt;207,000&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"&gt;175,000&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_403_eus-gaap--DeferredTaxAssetsValuationAllowance_iNI_di_msDTALNzqL8_z1EcYVdAKqie" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;Valuation Allowance&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;(10,107,000&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;(7,975,000&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_402_eus-gaap--DeferredTaxAssetsLiabilitiesNet_iTI_mtDTALNzqL8_z9bZsgm0LL69" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;Deferred Tax Assets, Net&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1017"&gt;-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1018"&gt;-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;/table&gt;

&lt;p id="xdx_8AD_zXCgzu5Uijyg" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;The
valuation allowance increased approximately $&lt;span id="xdx_90A_eus-gaap--OperatingLossCarryforwardsValuationAllowance_iI_pn5n6_c20241231__us-gaap--StatementBusinessSegmentsAxis__custom--UsBasedSegmentMember_z8YkCJILtCF1" title="Valuation allowance increased"&gt;0.8&lt;/span&gt; million, primarily as a result of the increased net operating losses of our U.S.- based
segment.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style="text-decoration: underline"&gt;Taiwan
(Republic of China) Corporate Tax&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;span id="xdx_90D_ecustom--GovernmentCorporateTaxRate_c20240101__20241231_zsSqiqGRpfR" title="Corporate tax rate"&gt;Sole-Vision
Technologies, Inc. is a subsidiary of the Company which is operating in Taiwan as a profit-seeking enterprise. Its applicable corporate
income tax rate is 20%. In addition, Taiwan&#x2019;s corporate tax system allows the government to levy a 10% profit retention tax on
undistributed earnings for the prior year. This tax will not be provided if the company distributed the earnings before the ended of
the fiscal year&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;According
to the Taiwan corporate income tax (&#x201c;TCIT&#x201d;) reporting system, the TCIT sales cut-off base is concurrent with the business
tax classified as value-added type (&#x201c;VAT&#x201d;) which will be reported to the Ministry of Finance (&#x201c;MOF&#x201d;) on a bi-monthly
basis. Since the VAT and TCIT are accounted for on a VAT tax basis that recorded all sales on business tax on a VAT tax reporting system,
the Company is bound to report the TCIT according to the MOF prescribed tax reporting rules. Under the VAT tax reporting system, sales
cut-off did not take the accrual base but rather on a VAT taxable reporting basis. Therefore, when the company adopted US GAAP on accrual
basis, the sales cut-off TCIT timing difference which derived from the VAT reporting system will create a temporary sales cut-off timing
difference and this difference is reflected in the deferred tax assets or liabilities calculations.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;




&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

</us-gaap:IncomeTaxDisclosureTextBlock>
    <us-gaap:OperatingLossCarryforwards
      contextRef="AsOf2024-12-31_us-gaap_DomesticCountryMember"
      decimals="-6"
      id="Fact000984"
      unitRef="USD">38000000</us-gaap:OperatingLossCarryforwards>
    <us-gaap:OperatingLossCarryforwards
      contextRef="AsOf2024-12-31_us-gaap_ForeignCountryMember"
      decimals="-5"
      id="Fact000986"
      unitRef="USD">12000000.0</us-gaap:OperatingLossCarryforwards>
    <us-gaap:ScheduleOfEffectiveIncomeTaxRateReconciliationTableTextBlock contextRef="From2024-01-01to2024-12-31" id="Fact000988">&lt;p id="xdx_89A_eus-gaap--ScheduleOfEffectiveIncomeTaxRateReconciliationTableTextBlock_zyNEi8BYX8z7" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;The
Company&#x2019;s effective income tax rate differs from the amount computed by applying the federal statutory income tax rate to loss
before income taxes as follows:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;span id="xdx_8BF_z7rLHVyey1S8" style="display: none"&gt;SCHEDULE
OF EFFECTIVE TAX RATE&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%"&gt;
&lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: center"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: center"&gt;December 31, 2024&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: center"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: center"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: center"&gt;December 31, 2023&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: center"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 64%; text-align: left"&gt;Income tax benefit at federal statutory rate&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 2%"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_988_eus-gaap--EffectiveIncomeTaxRateReconciliationAtFederalStatutoryIncomeTaxRate_iN_pid_dpi_uPure_maABC_c20240101__20241231_zbKOVZNFBrG3" style="width: 14%; text-align: right" title="Income tax benefit at federal statutory rate"&gt;(21.0&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;)%&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 2%"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_981_eus-gaap--EffectiveIncomeTaxRateReconciliationAtFederalStatutoryIncomeTaxRate_iN_pid_dpi_uPure_maABC_c20230101__20231231_z61pIU4YDaFj" style="width: 14%; text-align: right" title="Income tax benefit at federal statutory rate"&gt;(21,0&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;)%&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;State income tax benefit, net of federal benefit&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_983_eus-gaap--EffectiveIncomeTaxRateReconciliationStateAndLocalIncomeTaxes_pid_dp_uPure_maABC_c20240101__20241231_zlIrPV2sAYC3" style="text-align: right" title="State income tax benefit, net of federal benefit"&gt;(5.0&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;)%&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_985_eus-gaap--EffectiveIncomeTaxRateReconciliationStateAndLocalIncomeTaxes_pid_dp_uPure_maABC_c20230101__20231231_z6zbekzv1lHi" style="text-align: right" title="State income tax benefit, net of federal benefit"&gt;(5.0&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;)%&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;Change in valuation allowance&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_982_eus-gaap--EffectiveIncomeTaxRateReconciliationChangeInDeferredTaxAssetsValuationAllowance_pid_dp_uPure_maABC_c20240101__20241231_zr21bp7zMWGb" style="text-align: right" title="Change in valuation allowance"&gt;26&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;%&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_980_eus-gaap--EffectiveIncomeTaxRateReconciliationChangeInDeferredTaxAssetsValuationAllowance_pid_dp_uPure_maABC_c20230101__20231231_zqEvqyfegpti" style="text-align: right" title="Change in valuation allowance"&gt;26.0&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;%&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;Income taxes at effective rate&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_983_eus-gaap--EffectiveIncomeTaxRateContinuingOperations_pid_dp_uPure_mtABC_c20240101__20241231_z7KRIcFhLdS4" style="text-align: right" title="Income taxes at effective rate"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1002"&gt;-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;%&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_983_eus-gaap--EffectiveIncomeTaxRateContinuingOperations_pid_dp_uPure_mtABC_c20230101__20231231_zmdzkVwR5M18" style="text-align: right" title="Income taxes at effective rate"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1004"&gt;-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;%&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;/table&gt;

</us-gaap:ScheduleOfEffectiveIncomeTaxRateReconciliationTableTextBlock>
    <us-gaap:EffectiveIncomeTaxRateReconciliationAtFederalStatutoryIncomeTaxRate
      contextRef="From2024-01-01to2024-12-31"
      decimals="INF"
      id="Fact000990"
      unitRef="Pure">0.210</us-gaap:EffectiveIncomeTaxRateReconciliationAtFederalStatutoryIncomeTaxRate>
    <us-gaap:EffectiveIncomeTaxRateReconciliationAtFederalStatutoryIncomeTaxRate
      contextRef="From2023-01-012023-12-31"
      decimals="INF"
      id="Fact000992"
      unitRef="Pure">0.2100</us-gaap:EffectiveIncomeTaxRateReconciliationAtFederalStatutoryIncomeTaxRate>
    <us-gaap:EffectiveIncomeTaxRateReconciliationStateAndLocalIncomeTaxes
      contextRef="From2024-01-01to2024-12-31"
      decimals="INF"
      id="Fact000994"
      unitRef="Pure">-0.050</us-gaap:EffectiveIncomeTaxRateReconciliationStateAndLocalIncomeTaxes>
    <us-gaap:EffectiveIncomeTaxRateReconciliationStateAndLocalIncomeTaxes
      contextRef="From2023-01-012023-12-31"
      decimals="INF"
      id="Fact000996"
      unitRef="Pure">-0.050</us-gaap:EffectiveIncomeTaxRateReconciliationStateAndLocalIncomeTaxes>
    <us-gaap:EffectiveIncomeTaxRateReconciliationChangeInDeferredTaxAssetsValuationAllowance
      contextRef="From2024-01-01to2024-12-31"
      decimals="INF"
      id="Fact000998"
      unitRef="Pure">0.26</us-gaap:EffectiveIncomeTaxRateReconciliationChangeInDeferredTaxAssetsValuationAllowance>
    <us-gaap:EffectiveIncomeTaxRateReconciliationChangeInDeferredTaxAssetsValuationAllowance
      contextRef="From2023-01-012023-12-31"
      decimals="INF"
      id="Fact001000"
      unitRef="Pure">0.260</us-gaap:EffectiveIncomeTaxRateReconciliationChangeInDeferredTaxAssetsValuationAllowance>
    <us-gaap:ScheduleOfDeferredTaxAssetsAndLiabilitiesTableTextBlock contextRef="From2024-01-01to2024-12-31" id="Fact001006">&lt;p id="xdx_893_eus-gaap--ScheduleOfDeferredTaxAssetsAndLiabilitiesTableTextBlock_znvs0DOOlUG8" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Temporary
differences between financial statement carrying amounts and the tax basis of assets and liabilities and tax credit and operating loss
carryforward that create deferred tax assets and liabilities are as follows:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;span id="xdx_8BB_zCmuttW59pZd" style="display: none"&gt;SCHEDULE
OF DEFERRED TAX ASSETS AND LIABILITIES&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 80%"&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: center"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" id="xdx_496_20241231_ztvBIXsojfHj" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: center"&gt;2024&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" id="xdx_499_20231231_zMrp5sgmfQfl" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: center"&gt;2023&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_401_eus-gaap--DeferredTaxAssetsOperatingLossCarryforwardsDomestic_iI_maDTALNzqL8_zNGK2nR2zaJ2" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 40%; text-align: left"&gt;Tax Operating Loss Carryforward&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 2%"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 16%; text-align: right"&gt;9,900,000&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 2%"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 16%; text-align: right"&gt;7,800,000&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_405_ecustom--UnamortizedResearchAndDevelopmentCosts_iI_maDTALNzqL8_zF547Q75xFQ9" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;Unamortized Research and Development Costs&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"&gt;207,000&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"&gt;175,000&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_403_eus-gaap--DeferredTaxAssetsValuationAllowance_iNI_di_msDTALNzqL8_z1EcYVdAKqie" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;Valuation Allowance&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;(10,107,000&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;(7,975,000&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_402_eus-gaap--DeferredTaxAssetsLiabilitiesNet_iTI_mtDTALNzqL8_z9bZsgm0LL69" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;Deferred Tax Assets, Net&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1017"&gt;-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1018"&gt;-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;/table&gt;

</us-gaap:ScheduleOfDeferredTaxAssetsAndLiabilitiesTableTextBlock>
    <us-gaap:DeferredTaxAssetsOperatingLossCarryforwardsDomestic
      contextRef="AsOf2024-12-31"
      decimals="0"
      id="Fact001008"
      unitRef="USD">9900000</us-gaap:DeferredTaxAssetsOperatingLossCarryforwardsDomestic>
    <us-gaap:DeferredTaxAssetsOperatingLossCarryforwardsDomestic
      contextRef="AsOf2023-12-31"
      decimals="0"
      id="Fact001009"
      unitRef="USD">7800000</us-gaap:DeferredTaxAssetsOperatingLossCarryforwardsDomestic>
    <IVDA:UnamortizedResearchAndDevelopmentCosts
      contextRef="AsOf2024-12-31"
      decimals="0"
      id="Fact001011"
      unitRef="USD">207000</IVDA:UnamortizedResearchAndDevelopmentCosts>
    <IVDA:UnamortizedResearchAndDevelopmentCosts
      contextRef="AsOf2023-12-31"
      decimals="0"
      id="Fact001012"
      unitRef="USD">175000</IVDA:UnamortizedResearchAndDevelopmentCosts>
    <us-gaap:DeferredTaxAssetsValuationAllowance
      contextRef="AsOf2024-12-31"
      decimals="0"
      id="Fact001014"
      unitRef="USD">10107000</us-gaap:DeferredTaxAssetsValuationAllowance>
    <us-gaap:DeferredTaxAssetsValuationAllowance
      contextRef="AsOf2023-12-31"
      decimals="0"
      id="Fact001015"
      unitRef="USD">7975000</us-gaap:DeferredTaxAssetsValuationAllowance>
    <us-gaap:OperatingLossCarryforwardsValuationAllowance
      contextRef="AsOf2024-12-31_custom_UsBasedSegmentMember"
      decimals="-5"
      id="Fact001020"
      unitRef="USD">800000</us-gaap:OperatingLossCarryforwardsValuationAllowance>
    <IVDA:GovernmentCorporateTaxRate contextRef="From2024-01-01to2024-12-31" id="Fact001022">Sole-Vision
Technologies, Inc. is a subsidiary of the Company which is operating in Taiwan as a profit-seeking enterprise. Its applicable corporate
income tax rate is 20%. In addition, Taiwan&#x2019;s corporate tax system allows the government to levy a 10% profit retention tax on
undistributed earnings for the prior year. This tax will not be provided if the company distributed the earnings before the ended of
the fiscal year</IVDA:GovernmentCorporateTaxRate>
    <us-gaap:EarningsPerShareTextBlock contextRef="From2024-01-01to2024-12-31" id="Fact001024">&lt;p id="xdx_809_eus-gaap--EarningsPerShareTextBlock_zR2k4lpGxQY9" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;NOTE
8 &lt;span id="xdx_82B_zDuEfp9fVvDb"&gt;EARNINGS (LOSS) PER SHARE&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;The
following table provides a reconciliation of the numerators and denominators reflected in the basic and diluted earnings per share computations,
as required by ASC No. 260, &#x201c;Earnings per Share.&#x201d;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Basic
earnings per share (&#x201c;EPS&#x201d;) is computed by dividing reported earnings available to stockholders by the weighted average shares
outstanding. We had net losses for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023 and the effect of including dilutive securities in the
earnings per common share would have been anti-dilutive for the purpose of calculating EPS. Accordingly, all options, warrants, and shares
potentially convertible into common shares were excluded from the calculation of diluted earnings per share for the periods ended December
31, 2024 and 2023.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p id="xdx_890_eus-gaap--ScheduleOfEarningsPerShareBasicAndDilutedTableTextBlock_zlPBcSqfDPUd" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;span id="xdx_8B3_zRN9XztZdsha" style="display: none"&gt;SCHEDULE OF EARNINGS PER SHARE BASIC AND DILUTED&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 80%; border-collapse: collapse"&gt;
  &lt;tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" id="xdx_494_20240101__20241231_zfRG8OObYeT7" style="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;December
    31, &lt;br/&gt;
    2024&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" id="xdx_49E_20230101__20231231_z8AQ6ha6TYGc" style="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;December
    31, &lt;br/&gt;
    2023&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_40C_eus-gaap--EarningsPerShareBasicAbstract_iB_zyxzwISCZnRk" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: #CCEEFF"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;Basic
    EPS&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_403_eus-gaap--ProfitLoss_zBNw75KQbIw6" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: white"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 40%"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Net
    Loss&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 2%"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 16%; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;(3,980,820&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 2%"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 16%; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;(4,142,666&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_40A_ecustom--WeightedAverageSharesOutstandingBasic_zO0bWbLcfYgi" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: #CCEEFF"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Weighted
    Average Shares&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;2,203,893&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;1,996,678&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_406_eus-gaap--EarningsPerShareBasic_pid_zCKYju0VzkH7" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: white"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Basic
    Loss Per Share&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: black 2.25pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: black 2.25pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;(1.81&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: black 2.25pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: black 2.25pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;(2.07&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;/table&gt;
&lt;p id="xdx_8AC_zma5zrIG5cq" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p id="xdx_897_eus-gaap--ScheduleOfAntidilutiveSecuritiesExcludedFromComputationOfEarningsPerShareTextBlock_zyXgBCT4gShd" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;For
the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, the calculations of basic and diluted loss per share are the same because potential dilutive
securities would have had an anti-dilutive effect. The potentially dilutive securities consisted of the following:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span id="xdx_8B2_zHrq9zObvwWg" style="display: none"&gt;SCHEDULE OF BASIC AND DILUTED LOSS PER SHARES SECURITIES&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 12pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse"&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
    &lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
    &lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" id="xdx_497_20240101__20241231_zUkFLqtM7Hv3" style="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;December
    31, 2024&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" id="xdx_496_20230101__20231231_zlGDgS85fjjh" style="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;December
    31, 2023&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_400_eus-gaap--AntidilutiveSecuritiesExcludedFromComputationOfEarningsPerShareAmount_hus-gaap--AntidilutiveSecuritiesExcludedFromComputationOfEarningsPerShareByAntidilutiveSecuritiesAxis__us-gaap--WarrantMember_zi2bGHCVXsg" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: #CCEEFF"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 62%"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Warrants&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 16%; text-align: right"&gt;1,882,076&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 16%; text-align: right"&gt;631,737&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_407_eus-gaap--AntidilutiveSecuritiesExcludedFromComputationOfEarningsPerShareAmount_hus-gaap--AntidilutiveSecuritiesExcludedFromComputationOfEarningsPerShareByAntidilutiveSecuritiesAxis__us-gaap--EmployeeStockOptionMember_zLEWNFaUzAW7" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: white"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Options&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;217,016&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;162,625&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_403_eus-gaap--AntidilutiveSecuritiesExcludedFromComputationOfEarningsPerShareAmount_zctC0W22WFf7" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: #CCEEFF"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Total&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: black 2.25pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: black 2.25pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;2,099,092&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: black 2.25pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: black 2.25pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;794,362&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;/table&gt;
&lt;p id="xdx_8AB_zJq6KvpFILwb" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

</us-gaap:EarningsPerShareTextBlock>
    <us-gaap:ScheduleOfEarningsPerShareBasicAndDilutedTableTextBlock contextRef="From2024-01-01to2024-12-31" id="Fact001026">&lt;p id="xdx_890_eus-gaap--ScheduleOfEarningsPerShareBasicAndDilutedTableTextBlock_zlPBcSqfDPUd" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;span id="xdx_8B3_zRN9XztZdsha" style="display: none"&gt;SCHEDULE OF EARNINGS PER SHARE BASIC AND DILUTED&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 80%; border-collapse: collapse"&gt;
  &lt;tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" id="xdx_494_20240101__20241231_zfRG8OObYeT7" style="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;December
    31, &lt;br/&gt;
    2024&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" id="xdx_49E_20230101__20231231_z8AQ6ha6TYGc" style="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;December
    31, &lt;br/&gt;
    2023&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_40C_eus-gaap--EarningsPerShareBasicAbstract_iB_zyxzwISCZnRk" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: #CCEEFF"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;Basic
    EPS&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_403_eus-gaap--ProfitLoss_zBNw75KQbIw6" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: white"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 40%"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Net
    Loss&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 2%"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 16%; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;(3,980,820&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 2%"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 16%; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;(4,142,666&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_40A_ecustom--WeightedAverageSharesOutstandingBasic_zO0bWbLcfYgi" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: #CCEEFF"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Weighted
    Average Shares&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;2,203,893&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;1,996,678&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_406_eus-gaap--EarningsPerShareBasic_pid_zCKYju0VzkH7" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: white"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Basic
    Loss Per Share&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: black 2.25pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: black 2.25pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;(1.81&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: black 2.25pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: black 2.25pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;(2.07&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;/table&gt;
</us-gaap:ScheduleOfEarningsPerShareBasicAndDilutedTableTextBlock>
    <us-gaap:ProfitLoss
      contextRef="From2024-01-01to2024-12-31"
      decimals="0"
      id="Fact001031"
      unitRef="USD">-3980820</us-gaap:ProfitLoss>
    <us-gaap:ProfitLoss
      contextRef="From2023-01-012023-12-31"
      decimals="0"
      id="Fact001032"
      unitRef="USD">-4142666</us-gaap:ProfitLoss>
    <IVDA:WeightedAverageSharesOutstandingBasic
      contextRef="From2024-01-01to2024-12-31"
      decimals="INF"
      id="Fact001034"
      unitRef="Shares">2203893</IVDA:WeightedAverageSharesOutstandingBasic>
    <IVDA:WeightedAverageSharesOutstandingBasic
      contextRef="From2023-01-012023-12-31"
      decimals="INF"
      id="Fact001035"
      unitRef="Shares">1996678</IVDA:WeightedAverageSharesOutstandingBasic>
    <us-gaap:EarningsPerShareBasic
      contextRef="From2024-01-01to2024-12-31"
      decimals="INF"
      id="Fact001037"
      unitRef="USDPShares">-1.81</us-gaap:EarningsPerShareBasic>
    <us-gaap:EarningsPerShareBasic
      contextRef="From2023-01-012023-12-31"
      decimals="INF"
      id="Fact001038"
      unitRef="USDPShares">-2.07</us-gaap:EarningsPerShareBasic>
    <us-gaap:ScheduleOfAntidilutiveSecuritiesExcludedFromComputationOfEarningsPerShareTextBlock contextRef="From2024-01-01to2024-12-31" id="Fact001040">&lt;p id="xdx_897_eus-gaap--ScheduleOfAntidilutiveSecuritiesExcludedFromComputationOfEarningsPerShareTextBlock_zyXgBCT4gShd" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;For
the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, the calculations of basic and diluted loss per share are the same because potential dilutive
securities would have had an anti-dilutive effect. The potentially dilutive securities consisted of the following:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span id="xdx_8B2_zHrq9zObvwWg" style="display: none"&gt;SCHEDULE OF BASIC AND DILUTED LOSS PER SHARES SECURITIES&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 12pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse"&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
    &lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
    &lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" id="xdx_497_20240101__20241231_zUkFLqtM7Hv3" style="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;December
    31, 2024&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" id="xdx_496_20230101__20231231_zlGDgS85fjjh" style="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;December
    31, 2023&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_400_eus-gaap--AntidilutiveSecuritiesExcludedFromComputationOfEarningsPerShareAmount_hus-gaap--AntidilutiveSecuritiesExcludedFromComputationOfEarningsPerShareByAntidilutiveSecuritiesAxis__us-gaap--WarrantMember_zi2bGHCVXsg" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: #CCEEFF"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 62%"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Warrants&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 16%; text-align: right"&gt;1,882,076&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 16%; text-align: right"&gt;631,737&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_407_eus-gaap--AntidilutiveSecuritiesExcludedFromComputationOfEarningsPerShareAmount_hus-gaap--AntidilutiveSecuritiesExcludedFromComputationOfEarningsPerShareByAntidilutiveSecuritiesAxis__us-gaap--EmployeeStockOptionMember_zLEWNFaUzAW7" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: white"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Options&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;217,016&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;162,625&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_403_eus-gaap--AntidilutiveSecuritiesExcludedFromComputationOfEarningsPerShareAmount_zctC0W22WFf7" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: #CCEEFF"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Total&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: black 2.25pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: black 2.25pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;2,099,092&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: black 2.25pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: black 2.25pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;794,362&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;/table&gt;
</us-gaap:ScheduleOfAntidilutiveSecuritiesExcludedFromComputationOfEarningsPerShareTextBlock>
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      contextRef="From2024-01-012024-12-31_us-gaap_WarrantMember15945359"
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      contextRef="From2023-01-012023-12-31_us-gaap_WarrantMember"
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      id="Fact001043"
      unitRef="Shares">631737</us-gaap:AntidilutiveSecuritiesExcludedFromComputationOfEarningsPerShareAmount>
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      contextRef="From2024-01-012024-12-31_us-gaap_EmployeeStockOptionMember"
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      unitRef="Shares">217016</us-gaap:AntidilutiveSecuritiesExcludedFromComputationOfEarningsPerShareAmount>
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      contextRef="From2023-01-012023-12-31_us-gaap_EmployeeStockOptionMember"
      decimals="INF"
      id="Fact001046"
      unitRef="Shares">162625</us-gaap:AntidilutiveSecuritiesExcludedFromComputationOfEarningsPerShareAmount>
    <us-gaap:AntidilutiveSecuritiesExcludedFromComputationOfEarningsPerShareAmount
      contextRef="From2024-01-01to2024-12-31"
      decimals="INF"
      id="Fact001048"
      unitRef="Shares">2099092</us-gaap:AntidilutiveSecuritiesExcludedFromComputationOfEarningsPerShareAmount>
    <us-gaap:AntidilutiveSecuritiesExcludedFromComputationOfEarningsPerShareAmount
      contextRef="From2023-01-012023-12-31"
      decimals="INF"
      id="Fact001049"
      unitRef="Shares">794362</us-gaap:AntidilutiveSecuritiesExcludedFromComputationOfEarningsPerShareAmount>
    <us-gaap:CommitmentsAndContingenciesDisclosureTextBlock contextRef="From2024-01-01to2024-12-31" id="Fact001051">&lt;p id="xdx_801_eus-gaap--CommitmentsAndContingenciesDisclosureTextBlock_zNWLhjtIYiia" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;NOTE
9 &lt;span id="xdx_822_zwvnluz2wlef"&gt;CONTINGENT LIABILITIES&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"&gt;The Company may be involved in certain legal proceedings
that arise from time to time in the ordinary course of our business. Except for income tax contingencies, we record accruals for contingencies
to the extent that our management concludes that the occurrence is probable and that the related amounts of loss can be reasonably estimated.
Management believes the accompanying financial statements include all provisions, of any, for any potential losses. Legal expenses associated
with the contingency are expensed as incurred.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;On
September 13, 2024 Aegis Capital Corp. commenced an action against &lt;span id="xdx_908_eus-gaap--LossContingencyNameOfPlaintiff_c20240913__20240913__dei--LegalEntityAxis__custom--AegisCapitalCorpMember_zAepC2lRdqF1" title="Loss contingency name of plaintiff"&gt;the Company alleging that it had breached the provisions of a
Placement Agency Agreement (PPA) dated June 24, 2024 and that the Company was required to pay the plaintiff placement agent fees as
a result of the Company&#x2019;s September 4, 2024 direct offering of $2.15 million with H. C. Wainwright. The Company rejects
the Plaintiff&#x2019;s claims that it is due the 7% plus expenses in the PPA and asserts that the PAA had been terminated on August
15, 2024 due to the plaintiff&#x2019;s non-performance and that the plaintiff is not entitled to any fees in the offering since it
raised none of the funds in the offering. The action is currently in the discovery stage and the Company intends to vigorously
defend the action.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify; margin: 0"&gt;Related to Iveda Taiwan pursuant to certain contracts with Chicony Power
Technology Co., Ltd., Shihlin Electric &amp;amp; Engineering Corporation, Chung-Hsin Electric and Machinery Manufacturing Corp., and National
Chung Shan Institute of Science and Technology, Iveda Taiwan is required to provide after-project services. If Iveda Taiwan fails to
provide these after-project services in the future, other parties of the related contract would have recourse. The financial exposure
to Iveda Taiwan in the event of failure to provide after- project services in the future as of December 31, 2024 is $&lt;span id="xdx_90D_eus-gaap--ConcentrationRiskCreditRiskFinancialInstrumentMaximumExposure_pp0p0_c20240101__20241231__dei--LegalEntityAxis__custom--MegasysMember_zIyhxemynvy3"&gt;339,042&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;

</us-gaap:CommitmentsAndContingenciesDisclosureTextBlock>
    <us-gaap:LossContingencyNameOfPlaintiff
      contextRef="From2024-09-132024-09-13_custom_AegisCapitalCorpMember"
      id="Fact001053">the Company alleging that it had breached the provisions of a
Placement Agency Agreement (PPA) dated June 24, 2024 and that the Company was required to pay the plaintiff placement agent fees as
a result of the Company&#x2019;s September 4, 2024 direct offering of $2.15 million with H. C. Wainwright. The Company rejects
the Plaintiff&#x2019;s claims that it is due the 7% plus expenses in the PPA and asserts that the PAA had been terminated on August
15, 2024 due to the plaintiff&#x2019;s non-performance and that the plaintiff is not entitled to any fees in the offering since it
raised none of the funds in the offering. The action is currently in the discovery stage and the Company intends to vigorously
defend the action.</us-gaap:LossContingencyNameOfPlaintiff>
    <us-gaap:ConcentrationRiskCreditRiskFinancialInstrumentMaximumExposure
      contextRef="From2024-01-012024-12-31_custom_MegasysMember"
      decimals="0"
      id="Fact001054"
      unitRef="USD">339042</us-gaap:ConcentrationRiskCreditRiskFinancialInstrumentMaximumExposure>
    <us-gaap:SegmentReportingDisclosureTextBlock contextRef="From2024-01-01to2024-12-31" id="Fact001056">&lt;p id="xdx_80A_eus-gaap--SegmentReportingDisclosureTextBlock_zrt98ungJiv3" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;NOTE
10 &lt;span&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;span id="xdx_82E_zBDRn4aT7kne"&gt;SEGMENT INFORMATION&lt;/span&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;The
Company operates and manages its business as two reportable and operating segments. The Company&#x2019;s CODM reviews financial information
presented and decides how to allocate resources based on net income (loss). Net income (loss) is used for evaluating financial performance.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"&gt;Significant segment expenses include salaries and
payroll, stock based compensation, marketing, public company expenses, audit and accounting, consulting, research and development, travel
and entertainment, software subscription and other administrative expenses for the US and salaries and payroll, insurance, rent, travel
and entertainment, office supplies and postage, pension and other administrative expenses. The following table presents the significant
segment expenses and other segment items regularly reviewed by our CODM.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;/p&gt;



&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p id="xdx_894_eus-gaap--ScheduleOfSegmentReportingInformationBySegmentTextBlock_zXFUMtV8dcT1" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;span id="xdx_8B6_zk8Y7YQYMcS1" style="display: none"&gt;SCHEDULE
OF SEGMENT INFORMATION&lt;/span&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%"&gt;
  &lt;tr style="display: none; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_49A_20240101__20241231_zBOGOWnnrQk2" style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_492_20240101__20241231__srt--StatementGeographicalAxis__country--US_zT5SUtZOuW0h" style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_498_20240101__20241231__srt--StatementGeographicalAxis__country--TW_zIQO4jJX2q6k" style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_49C_20230101__20231231_zJxMiV7fn9oc" style="text-align: right"&gt;-&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_49F_20230101__20231231__srt--StatementGeographicalAxis__country--US_ziQBwElgzbfc" style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_49B_20230101__20231231__srt--StatementGeographicalAxis__country--TW_zYtxDaBwTaCi" style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: center"&gt;Consolidated&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: center"&gt;US&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: center"&gt;Taiwan&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: center"&gt;Consolidated&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: center"&gt;US&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: center"&gt;Taiwan&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="10" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: center"&gt;December 31, 2024&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="10" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: center"&gt;December 31, 2023&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_40F_eus-gaap--RevenueFromContractWithCustomerExcludingAssessedTax_zd1r379IDR4e" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 40%; font-weight: bold"&gt;Revenues&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 2%"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 6%; text-align: right"&gt;6,020,639&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 2%"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 6%; text-align: right"&gt;869,261&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 2%"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 6%; text-align: right"&gt;5,151,378&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 2%"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 6%; text-align: right"&gt;6,495,865&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 2%"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 6%; text-align: right"&gt;852,136&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 2%"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 6%; text-align: right"&gt;5,643,729&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_409_eus-gaap--CostOfRevenue_z1KrTm0zxX4k" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;Cost of Goods Sold&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;4,719,005&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;615,010&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;4,103,995&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;5,428,261&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;932,868&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;4,495,393&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_40C_eus-gaap--GrossProfit_zRQFnUTH9w7k" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;Gross Profit&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;1,301,634&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;254,251&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;1,047,383&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;1,067,604&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;(80,732&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;1,148,336&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;-&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_403_eus-gaap--OperatingExpensesAbstract_iB_z6uYkbgOZnk" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;Operating Expenses&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;-&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_40F_ecustom--SalariesAndPayrollExpenses_z2nTzDhmDuOg" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;Salaries and Payroll Expenses&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;1,667,330&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;967,793&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;699,537&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;1,756,364&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;988,848&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;767,516&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_403_ecustom--Pension_z8f3pSLtLc5i" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;Pension&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;21,832&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;21,832&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;20,518&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;20,518&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_40B_eus-gaap--TravelAndEntertainmentExpense_zbfMaJVwvtB8" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;Travel and Entertainment&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;552,123&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;483,146&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;68,977&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;640,815&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;587,317&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;53,498&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_40F_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensation_zhyOybPkoTde" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;Stock-based compensation&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;122,600&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;122,600&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;104,600&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;104,600&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_404_eus-gaap--MarketingExpense_ze1xCkFVbL48" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;Marketing&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;757,736&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;757,736&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;332,852&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;332,852&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_407_ecustom--PublicCompanyExpenses_zteD4H4kH93g" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;Public Company expenses&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;520,966&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;520,966&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;354,215&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;354,215&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_401_ecustom--AuditAndAccounting_zHNfAggN3Xb8" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;Audit and Accounting&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;312,920&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;312,920&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;162,700&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;162,700&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_409_ecustom--ConsultingServices_zx4wODHVADfi" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;Consulting Services&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;412,962&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;412,962&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;367,148&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;367,148&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_406_eus-gaap--ResearchAndDevelopmentExpense_zrLEkG0DZD3c" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;Research and Development&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;363,350&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;363,350&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;797,112&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;797,112&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_408_ecustom--SoftwareSubscription_zcvwh9xj3Mp2" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;Software Subscription&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;85,111&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;85,111&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;42,209&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;42,209&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_401_eus-gaap--GeneralInsuranceExpense_zhmH5U8kLqUc" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;Insurance&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;60,873&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;12,664&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;48,209&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;57,851&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;12,270&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;45,581&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_408_ecustom--RentExpenses_z0ZrkHONwQs9" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;Rent&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;142,986&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;101,731&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;41,255&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;123,255&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;83,002&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;40,253&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_40E_eus-gaap--OtherLaborRelatedExpenses_z7WFis3XDJy6" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;Office Supplies and Postage&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;34,276&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;34,276&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;25,813&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;25,813&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_408_eus-gaap--OtherOperatingIncomeExpenseNet_z5eBgSGXe3cc" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;Other operating expenses&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;316,872&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;215,849&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;101,023&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;323,027&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;270,937&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;52,090&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_406_eus-gaap--OperatingExpenses_zTyzTkg5MGpb" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;Total Operating Expenses&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;5,371,937&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;4,356,828&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;1,015,109&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;5,108,479&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;4,103,210&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;1,005,269&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_40B_eus-gaap--OperatingIncomeLoss_ztO7vOrab2h5" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;Loss (Income) from Operations&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;(4,070,303&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;(4,102,577&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;32,274&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;(4,040,875&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;(4,183,943&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;143,068&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_40B_ecustom--InterestIncomeAndOtherExpensesNet_zqynIORrafSe" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;Interest Income and Other (Expenses), net&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;121,868&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;95,330&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;26,538&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;(83,483&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;(84,452&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;969&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_408_eus-gaap--IncomeLossFromContinuingOperationsBeforeIncomeTaxesExtraordinaryItemsNoncontrollingInterest_zYazGWkjmYG3" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;Net loss before Income Tax&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;(3,948,435&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;(4,007,247&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;58,812&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;(4,124,358&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;(4,268,395&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;144,037&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;/table&gt;

&lt;p id="xdx_8A5_zMEXSDWECV79" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"&gt;Furthermore, due to operations in various geographic
locations, we are susceptible to changes in national, regional, and local economic conditions, demographic trends, consumer confidence
in the economy, and discretionary spending priorities that may have a material adverse effect on our future operations and results.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"&gt;We are required to collect certain taxes and fees
from customers on behalf of government agencies and remit them back to the applicable governmental agencies on a periodic basis. The taxes
and fees are legal assessments to the customer, for which we have a legal obligation to act as a collection agent. Because we do not retain
the taxes and fees, we do not include such amounts in revenue. We record a liability when the amounts are collected and relieve the liability
when payments are made to the applicable governmental agencies.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p id="xdx_891_ecustom--LongLivedAssetsAndLiabilitiesByGeographicAreasTableTextBlock_zDIwL422BAPc" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;The
net assets (liabilities) for our significant geographic regions are as follows:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 12pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;span id="xdx_8B2_zpBwG12MBrK6" style="display: none"&gt;SCHEDULE
OF NET ASSETS LIABILITIES BY GEOGRAPHIC REGIONS&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 90%"&gt;
  &lt;tr style="display: none; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_493_20241231_zOw9pRwNlldl" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_49C_20231231_zkqpjglcyV86" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="6" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: center"&gt;Net Assets (Liabilities)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: center"&gt;For the Year Ended&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: center"&gt;For the Year Ended&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: center"&gt;December 31, 2024&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: center"&gt;December 31, 2023&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_40C_eus-gaap--NoncurrentAssets_iI_hsrt--StatementGeographicalAxis__country--US_zMY489M5DiZg" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 64%; text-align: left"&gt;United States&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 2%"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 14%; text-align: right"&gt;1,775,554&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 2%"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 14%; text-align: right"&gt;3,741,367&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_401_eus-gaap--NoncurrentAssets_iI_hsrt--StatementGeographicalAxis__custom--RepublicOfChinaTaiwanMember_z0Vp9lctyM88" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;Republic of China (Taiwan)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;729,885&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;907,113&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_408_eus-gaap--NoncurrentAssets_iI_zwuPYSiBjghc" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;Total Consolidated&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;2,505,439&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;4,648,480&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;/table&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p id="xdx_8A2_zjkZmfN07tG2" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

</us-gaap:SegmentReportingDisclosureTextBlock>
    <us-gaap:ScheduleOfSegmentReportingInformationBySegmentTextBlock contextRef="From2024-01-01to2024-12-31" id="Fact001058">&lt;p id="xdx_894_eus-gaap--ScheduleOfSegmentReportingInformationBySegmentTextBlock_zXFUMtV8dcT1" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;span id="xdx_8B6_zk8Y7YQYMcS1" style="display: none"&gt;SCHEDULE
OF SEGMENT INFORMATION&lt;/span&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%"&gt;
  &lt;tr style="display: none; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_49A_20240101__20241231_zBOGOWnnrQk2" style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_492_20240101__20241231__srt--StatementGeographicalAxis__country--US_zT5SUtZOuW0h" style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_498_20240101__20241231__srt--StatementGeographicalAxis__country--TW_zIQO4jJX2q6k" style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_49C_20230101__20231231_zJxMiV7fn9oc" style="text-align: right"&gt;-&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_49F_20230101__20231231__srt--StatementGeographicalAxis__country--US_ziQBwElgzbfc" style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_49B_20230101__20231231__srt--StatementGeographicalAxis__country--TW_zYtxDaBwTaCi" style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: center"&gt;Consolidated&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: center"&gt;US&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: center"&gt;Taiwan&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: center"&gt;Consolidated&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: center"&gt;US&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: center"&gt;Taiwan&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="10" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: center"&gt;December 31, 2024&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="10" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: center"&gt;December 31, 2023&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_40F_eus-gaap--RevenueFromContractWithCustomerExcludingAssessedTax_zd1r379IDR4e" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 40%; font-weight: bold"&gt;Revenues&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 2%"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 6%; text-align: right"&gt;6,020,639&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 2%"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 6%; text-align: right"&gt;869,261&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 2%"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 6%; text-align: right"&gt;5,151,378&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 2%"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 6%; text-align: right"&gt;6,495,865&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 2%"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 6%; text-align: right"&gt;852,136&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 2%"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 6%; text-align: right"&gt;5,643,729&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_409_eus-gaap--CostOfRevenue_z1KrTm0zxX4k" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;Cost of Goods Sold&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;4,719,005&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;615,010&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;4,103,995&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;5,428,261&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;932,868&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;4,495,393&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_40C_eus-gaap--GrossProfit_zRQFnUTH9w7k" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;Gross Profit&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;1,301,634&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;254,251&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;1,047,383&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;1,067,604&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;(80,732&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;1,148,336&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;-&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_403_eus-gaap--OperatingExpensesAbstract_iB_z6uYkbgOZnk" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;Operating Expenses&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;-&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_40F_ecustom--SalariesAndPayrollExpenses_z2nTzDhmDuOg" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;Salaries and Payroll Expenses&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;1,667,330&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;967,793&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;699,537&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;1,756,364&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;988,848&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;767,516&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_403_ecustom--Pension_z8f3pSLtLc5i" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;Pension&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;21,832&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;21,832&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;20,518&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;20,518&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_40B_eus-gaap--TravelAndEntertainmentExpense_zbfMaJVwvtB8" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;Travel and Entertainment&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;552,123&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;483,146&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;68,977&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;640,815&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;587,317&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;53,498&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_40F_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensation_zhyOybPkoTde" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;Stock-based compensation&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;122,600&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;122,600&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;104,600&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;104,600&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_404_eus-gaap--MarketingExpense_ze1xCkFVbL48" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;Marketing&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;757,736&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;757,736&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;332,852&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;332,852&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_407_ecustom--PublicCompanyExpenses_zteD4H4kH93g" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;Public Company expenses&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;520,966&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;520,966&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;354,215&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;354,215&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_401_ecustom--AuditAndAccounting_zHNfAggN3Xb8" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;Audit and Accounting&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;312,920&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;312,920&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;162,700&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;162,700&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_409_ecustom--ConsultingServices_zx4wODHVADfi" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;Consulting Services&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;412,962&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;412,962&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;367,148&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;367,148&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_406_eus-gaap--ResearchAndDevelopmentExpense_zrLEkG0DZD3c" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;Research and Development&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;363,350&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;363,350&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;797,112&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;797,112&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_408_ecustom--SoftwareSubscription_zcvwh9xj3Mp2" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;Software Subscription&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;85,111&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;85,111&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;42,209&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;42,209&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_401_eus-gaap--GeneralInsuranceExpense_zhmH5U8kLqUc" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;Insurance&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;60,873&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;12,664&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;48,209&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;57,851&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;12,270&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;45,581&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_408_ecustom--RentExpenses_z0ZrkHONwQs9" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;Rent&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;142,986&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;101,731&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;41,255&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;123,255&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;83,002&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;40,253&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_40E_eus-gaap--OtherLaborRelatedExpenses_z7WFis3XDJy6" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;Office Supplies and Postage&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;34,276&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;34,276&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;25,813&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;25,813&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_408_eus-gaap--OtherOperatingIncomeExpenseNet_z5eBgSGXe3cc" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;Other operating expenses&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;316,872&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;215,849&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;101,023&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;323,027&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;270,937&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;52,090&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_406_eus-gaap--OperatingExpenses_zTyzTkg5MGpb" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;Total Operating Expenses&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;5,371,937&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;4,356,828&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;1,015,109&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;5,108,479&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;4,103,210&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;1,005,269&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_40B_eus-gaap--OperatingIncomeLoss_ztO7vOrab2h5" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;Loss (Income) from Operations&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;(4,070,303&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;(4,102,577&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;32,274&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;(4,040,875&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;(4,183,943&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;143,068&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_40B_ecustom--InterestIncomeAndOtherExpensesNet_zqynIORrafSe" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;Interest Income and Other (Expenses), net&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;121,868&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;95,330&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;26,538&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;(83,483&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;(84,452&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;969&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_408_eus-gaap--IncomeLossFromContinuingOperationsBeforeIncomeTaxesExtraordinaryItemsNoncontrollingInterest_zYazGWkjmYG3" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;Net loss before Income Tax&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;(3,948,435&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;(4,007,247&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;58,812&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;(4,124,358&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;(4,268,395&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;144,037&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;/table&gt;

</us-gaap:ScheduleOfSegmentReportingInformationBySegmentTextBlock>
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      contextRef="From2024-01-01to2024-12-31"
      decimals="0"
      id="Fact001060"
      unitRef="USD">6020639</us-gaap:RevenueFromContractWithCustomerExcludingAssessedTax>
    <us-gaap:RevenueFromContractWithCustomerExcludingAssessedTax
      contextRef="From2024-01-012024-12-31_country_US"
      decimals="0"
      id="Fact001061"
      unitRef="USD">869261</us-gaap:RevenueFromContractWithCustomerExcludingAssessedTax>
    <us-gaap:RevenueFromContractWithCustomerExcludingAssessedTax
      contextRef="From2024-01-012024-12-31_country_TW"
      decimals="0"
      id="Fact001062"
      unitRef="USD">5151378</us-gaap:RevenueFromContractWithCustomerExcludingAssessedTax>
    <us-gaap:RevenueFromContractWithCustomerExcludingAssessedTax
      contextRef="From2023-01-012023-12-31"
      decimals="0"
      id="Fact001063"
      unitRef="USD">6495865</us-gaap:RevenueFromContractWithCustomerExcludingAssessedTax>
    <us-gaap:RevenueFromContractWithCustomerExcludingAssessedTax
      contextRef="From2023-01-012023-12-31_country_US"
      decimals="0"
      id="Fact001064"
      unitRef="USD">852136</us-gaap:RevenueFromContractWithCustomerExcludingAssessedTax>
    <us-gaap:RevenueFromContractWithCustomerExcludingAssessedTax
      contextRef="From2023-01-012023-12-31_country_TW"
      decimals="0"
      id="Fact001065"
      unitRef="USD">5643729</us-gaap:RevenueFromContractWithCustomerExcludingAssessedTax>
    <us-gaap:CostOfRevenue
      contextRef="From2024-01-01to2024-12-31"
      decimals="0"
      id="Fact001067"
      unitRef="USD">4719005</us-gaap:CostOfRevenue>
    <us-gaap:CostOfRevenue
      contextRef="From2024-01-012024-12-31_country_US"
      decimals="0"
      id="Fact001068"
      unitRef="USD">615010</us-gaap:CostOfRevenue>
    <us-gaap:CostOfRevenue
      contextRef="From2024-01-012024-12-31_country_TW"
      decimals="0"
      id="Fact001069"
      unitRef="USD">4103995</us-gaap:CostOfRevenue>
    <us-gaap:CostOfRevenue
      contextRef="From2023-01-012023-12-31"
      decimals="0"
      id="Fact001070"
      unitRef="USD">5428261</us-gaap:CostOfRevenue>
    <us-gaap:CostOfRevenue
      contextRef="From2023-01-012023-12-31_country_US"
      decimals="0"
      id="Fact001071"
      unitRef="USD">932868</us-gaap:CostOfRevenue>
    <us-gaap:CostOfRevenue
      contextRef="From2023-01-012023-12-31_country_TW"
      decimals="0"
      id="Fact001072"
      unitRef="USD">4495393</us-gaap:CostOfRevenue>
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      decimals="0"
      id="Fact001074"
      unitRef="USD">1301634</us-gaap:GrossProfit>
    <us-gaap:GrossProfit
      contextRef="From2024-01-012024-12-31_country_US"
      decimals="0"
      id="Fact001075"
      unitRef="USD">254251</us-gaap:GrossProfit>
    <us-gaap:GrossProfit
      contextRef="From2024-01-012024-12-31_country_TW"
      decimals="0"
      id="Fact001076"
      unitRef="USD">1047383</us-gaap:GrossProfit>
    <us-gaap:GrossProfit
      contextRef="From2023-01-012023-12-31"
      decimals="0"
      id="Fact001077"
      unitRef="USD">1067604</us-gaap:GrossProfit>
    <us-gaap:GrossProfit
      contextRef="From2023-01-012023-12-31_country_US"
      decimals="0"
      id="Fact001078"
      unitRef="USD">-80732</us-gaap:GrossProfit>
    <us-gaap:GrossProfit
      contextRef="From2023-01-012023-12-31_country_TW"
      decimals="0"
      id="Fact001079"
      unitRef="USD">1148336</us-gaap:GrossProfit>
    <IVDA:SalariesAndPayrollExpenses
      contextRef="From2024-01-01to2024-12-31"
      decimals="0"
      id="Fact001088"
      unitRef="USD">1667330</IVDA:SalariesAndPayrollExpenses>
    <IVDA:SalariesAndPayrollExpenses
      contextRef="From2024-01-012024-12-31_country_US"
      decimals="0"
      id="Fact001089"
      unitRef="USD">967793</IVDA:SalariesAndPayrollExpenses>
    <IVDA:SalariesAndPayrollExpenses
      contextRef="From2024-01-012024-12-31_country_TW"
      decimals="0"
      id="Fact001090"
      unitRef="USD">699537</IVDA:SalariesAndPayrollExpenses>
    <IVDA:SalariesAndPayrollExpenses
      contextRef="From2023-01-012023-12-31"
      decimals="0"
      id="Fact001091"
      unitRef="USD">1756364</IVDA:SalariesAndPayrollExpenses>
    <IVDA:SalariesAndPayrollExpenses
      contextRef="From2023-01-012023-12-31_country_US"
      decimals="0"
      id="Fact001092"
      unitRef="USD">988848</IVDA:SalariesAndPayrollExpenses>
    <IVDA:SalariesAndPayrollExpenses
      contextRef="From2023-01-012023-12-31_country_TW"
      decimals="0"
      id="Fact001093"
      unitRef="USD">767516</IVDA:SalariesAndPayrollExpenses>
    <IVDA:Pension
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      decimals="0"
      id="Fact001095"
      unitRef="USD">21832</IVDA:Pension>
    <IVDA:Pension
      contextRef="From2024-01-012024-12-31_country_TW"
      decimals="0"
      id="Fact001097"
      unitRef="USD">21832</IVDA:Pension>
    <IVDA:Pension
      contextRef="From2023-01-012023-12-31"
      decimals="0"
      id="Fact001098"
      unitRef="USD">20518</IVDA:Pension>
    <IVDA:Pension
      contextRef="From2023-01-012023-12-31_country_TW"
      decimals="0"
      id="Fact001100"
      unitRef="USD">20518</IVDA:Pension>
    <us-gaap:TravelAndEntertainmentExpense
      contextRef="From2024-01-01to2024-12-31"
      decimals="0"
      id="Fact001102"
      unitRef="USD">552123</us-gaap:TravelAndEntertainmentExpense>
    <us-gaap:TravelAndEntertainmentExpense
      contextRef="From2024-01-012024-12-31_country_US"
      decimals="0"
      id="Fact001103"
      unitRef="USD">483146</us-gaap:TravelAndEntertainmentExpense>
    <us-gaap:TravelAndEntertainmentExpense
      contextRef="From2024-01-012024-12-31_country_TW"
      decimals="0"
      id="Fact001104"
      unitRef="USD">68977</us-gaap:TravelAndEntertainmentExpense>
    <us-gaap:TravelAndEntertainmentExpense
      contextRef="From2023-01-012023-12-31"
      decimals="0"
      id="Fact001105"
      unitRef="USD">640815</us-gaap:TravelAndEntertainmentExpense>
    <us-gaap:TravelAndEntertainmentExpense
      contextRef="From2023-01-012023-12-31_country_US"
      decimals="0"
      id="Fact001106"
      unitRef="USD">587317</us-gaap:TravelAndEntertainmentExpense>
    <us-gaap:TravelAndEntertainmentExpense
      contextRef="From2023-01-012023-12-31_country_TW"
      decimals="0"
      id="Fact001107"
      unitRef="USD">53498</us-gaap:TravelAndEntertainmentExpense>
    <us-gaap:ShareBasedCompensation
      contextRef="From2024-01-01to2024-12-31"
      decimals="0"
      id="Fact001109"
      unitRef="USD">122600</us-gaap:ShareBasedCompensation>
    <us-gaap:ShareBasedCompensation
      contextRef="From2024-01-012024-12-31_country_US"
      decimals="0"
      id="Fact001110"
      unitRef="USD">122600</us-gaap:ShareBasedCompensation>
    <us-gaap:ShareBasedCompensation
      contextRef="From2023-01-012023-12-31"
      decimals="0"
      id="Fact001112"
      unitRef="USD">104600</us-gaap:ShareBasedCompensation>
    <us-gaap:ShareBasedCompensation
      contextRef="From2023-01-012023-12-31_country_US"
      decimals="0"
      id="Fact001113"
      unitRef="USD">104600</us-gaap:ShareBasedCompensation>
    <us-gaap:MarketingExpense
      contextRef="From2024-01-01to2024-12-31"
      decimals="0"
      id="Fact001116"
      unitRef="USD">757736</us-gaap:MarketingExpense>
    <us-gaap:MarketingExpense
      contextRef="From2024-01-012024-12-31_country_US"
      decimals="0"
      id="Fact001117"
      unitRef="USD">757736</us-gaap:MarketingExpense>
    <us-gaap:MarketingExpense
      contextRef="From2023-01-012023-12-31"
      decimals="0"
      id="Fact001119"
      unitRef="USD">332852</us-gaap:MarketingExpense>
    <us-gaap:MarketingExpense
      contextRef="From2023-01-012023-12-31_country_US"
      decimals="0"
      id="Fact001120"
      unitRef="USD">332852</us-gaap:MarketingExpense>
    <IVDA:PublicCompanyExpenses
      contextRef="From2024-01-01to2024-12-31"
      decimals="0"
      id="Fact001123"
      unitRef="USD">520966</IVDA:PublicCompanyExpenses>
    <IVDA:PublicCompanyExpenses
      contextRef="From2024-01-012024-12-31_country_US"
      decimals="0"
      id="Fact001124"
      unitRef="USD">520966</IVDA:PublicCompanyExpenses>
    <IVDA:PublicCompanyExpenses
      contextRef="From2023-01-012023-12-31"
      decimals="0"
      id="Fact001126"
      unitRef="USD">354215</IVDA:PublicCompanyExpenses>
    <IVDA:PublicCompanyExpenses
      contextRef="From2023-01-012023-12-31_country_US"
      decimals="0"
      id="Fact001127"
      unitRef="USD">354215</IVDA:PublicCompanyExpenses>
    <IVDA:AuditAndAccounting
      contextRef="From2024-01-01to2024-12-31"
      decimals="0"
      id="Fact001130"
      unitRef="USD">312920</IVDA:AuditAndAccounting>
    <IVDA:AuditAndAccounting
      contextRef="From2024-01-012024-12-31_country_US"
      decimals="0"
      id="Fact001131"
      unitRef="USD">312920</IVDA:AuditAndAccounting>
    <IVDA:AuditAndAccounting
      contextRef="From2023-01-012023-12-31"
      decimals="0"
      id="Fact001133"
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    <IVDA:LongLivedAssetsAndLiabilitiesByGeographicAreasTableTextBlock contextRef="From2024-01-01to2024-12-31" id="Fact001214">&lt;p id="xdx_891_ecustom--LongLivedAssetsAndLiabilitiesByGeographicAreasTableTextBlock_zDIwL422BAPc" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;The
net assets (liabilities) for our significant geographic regions are as follows:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 12pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;span id="xdx_8B2_zpBwG12MBrK6" style="display: none"&gt;SCHEDULE
OF NET ASSETS LIABILITIES BY GEOGRAPHIC REGIONS&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 90%"&gt;
  &lt;tr style="display: none; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_493_20241231_zOw9pRwNlldl" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_49C_20231231_zkqpjglcyV86" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="6" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: center"&gt;Net Assets (Liabilities)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: center"&gt;For the Year Ended&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: center"&gt;For the Year Ended&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: center"&gt;December 31, 2024&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: center"&gt;December 31, 2023&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_40C_eus-gaap--NoncurrentAssets_iI_hsrt--StatementGeographicalAxis__country--US_zMY489M5DiZg" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 64%; text-align: left"&gt;United States&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 2%"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 14%; text-align: right"&gt;1,775,554&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 2%"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 14%; text-align: right"&gt;3,741,367&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_401_eus-gaap--NoncurrentAssets_iI_hsrt--StatementGeographicalAxis__custom--RepublicOfChinaTaiwanMember_z0Vp9lctyM88" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;Republic of China (Taiwan)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;729,885&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;907,113&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_408_eus-gaap--NoncurrentAssets_iI_zwuPYSiBjghc" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;Total Consolidated&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;2,505,439&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;4,648,480&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;/table&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

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      id="Fact001223"
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    <us-gaap:ErrorCorrectionTextBlock contextRef="From2024-01-01to2024-12-31" id="Fact001225">&lt;p id="xdx_80C_eus-gaap--ErrorCorrectionTextBlock_zzf3ZAhC1mZb" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;NOTE
11 &lt;span id="xdx_82F_zfgJNNMikxTl"&gt;RESTATEMENT OF PREVIOUSLY ISSUED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;The
financial statements for the year ended December 31, 2023 and the accumulated deficit as of December 31, 2022 have been restated. Subsequent
to the original issuance of these financial statements, our audit committee and management determined the following:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"&gt;&lt;b&gt;As of December 31, 2022&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#x25cf;
the Company erroneously did not recognize a valuation decrease in recorded deferred tax assets in its Taiwan subsidiary.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#x25cf;
the Company erroneously did not recognize an intercompany payable to its subsidiary, Iveda Taiwan.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Assets
affected included other assets and liabilities affected included accounts and other payables.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"&gt;&lt;b&gt;As of December 31, 2023&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#x25cf;
the Company had erroneously capitalized software development costs during 2023 and 2024 Quarterly filings.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#x25cf;
In addition, the Company is making certain reclassification entries.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;The
effects on the previously issued financial statements are as follows:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;For
periods before 2022, Management of the Company determined that the following:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;[1]
The Deferred Tax asset of $&lt;span id="xdx_909_eus-gaap--DeferredTaxAssetsOther_iI_c20221231_zKQy0ZUePfef" title="Deferred tax assets"&gt;146,560&lt;/span&gt; was no longer a valid tax difference. The amount was recorded as an adjustment to accumulated deficit
at December 31, 2022.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;[2] The intercompany
amount due to Iveda Taiwan was understated by $&lt;span id="xdx_90E_eus-gaap--OtherReceivablesNetCurrent_iI_c20241231__us-gaap--RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis__custom--IvedaTaiwanMember_z9Hg1UYIJZ5h" title="Intercompany amount due"&gt;200,000&lt;/span&gt; related to a payment made on behalf of Iveda US by Iveda Taiwan.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;For
the year ending December 31, 2023, Management of the Company determined that the following:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;[3]
An adjustment for $&lt;span id="xdx_904_eus-gaap--ResearchAndDevelopmentExpense_c20230101__20231231__srt--RestatementAxis__srt--RevisionOfPriorPeriodReclassificationAdjustmentMember_zDoPfRxSXlo7" title="Research and development"&gt;792,612&lt;/span&gt; related to expensing the research and development expense was needed related to activity in 2023. The amount
was recorded as a reduction to assets and the associated expense was recorded to the statement of operations.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;[4] An adjustment
for $&lt;span id="xdx_90B_eus-gaap--GainLossOnInvestments_iN_di_c20230101__20231231_z8dEVj0KiE8i"&gt;180,000&lt;/span&gt; to expense its investment in Iveda Phils JV originally recorded as a consolidation but we have determined this investment
should have been recorded as the equity method. This effected cash, account and other payables, Joint Venture Non-Controlled Equity Portion,
Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) and accumulated deficit&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p id="xdx_898_eus-gaap--ScheduleOfErrorCorrectionsAndPriorPeriodAdjustmentsTextBlock_zLRLO2aD8Qri" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;The
following table presents the effect of the restatements of the Company&#x2019;s previously issued balance sheet:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;span id="xdx_8B6_z0t6j0dDFz84" style="display: none"&gt;SCHEDULE
OF RESTATEMENTS&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" id="xdx_89D_eus-gaap--StatementOfFinancialPositionAbstract_z4brzBC1AjIe" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%" summary="xdx: Disclosure - SCHEDULE OF RESTATEMENTS OF BALANCE SHEETS (Details)"&gt;
  &lt;tr style="display: none; vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" id="xdx_49E_20231231__srt--RestatementAxis__srt--ScenarioPreviouslyReportedMember_zmRrVsMvU0Q"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" id="xdx_494_20231231__srt--RestatementAxis__srt--RevisionOfPriorPeriodReclassificationAdjustmentMember_z3iZ22AeZLYi"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" id="xdx_499_20231231__srt--RestatementAxis__custom--RestatedMember_zj8TgMWlMe7j"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: center"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: center"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="10" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: center"&gt;As of December 31, 2023&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: center"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: center"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: center"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: center"&gt;As Previously Reported&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: center"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: center"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: center"&gt;Adjustments&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: center"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: center"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: center"&gt;As Restated&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: center"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_403_eus-gaap--OtherAssets_iI_z1gkYpPlpiTj" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 49%; text-align: left"&gt;Other Assets&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 2%"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 12%; text-align: right"&gt;444,723&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 2%"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 12%; text-align: right"&gt;(146,560&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 4%; text-align: left"&gt;)&lt;span id="xdx_F26_zC8Ts3zdtcb7"&gt;[1]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 2%"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 12%; text-align: right"&gt;298,163&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;sup style="display: none"&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;/tr&gt;

&lt;tr id="xdx_408_eus-gaap--AccountsPayableAndOtherAccruedLiabilitiesCurrent_iNI_di_zx6lYK9I7oU6" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Accounts and Other Payables&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;(1,110,087)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;(200,000&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span id="xdx_F23_zDXh6lOpTsU4" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;[2]&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td id="xdx_98A_eus-gaap--OtherAssets_iI_c20231231_zeIplkfSPOHg" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Other Assets"&gt;&lt;span style="display: none; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1244"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1246"&gt;-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td id="xdx_98C_eus-gaap--PropertyPlantAndEquipmentNet_iI_c20231231__srt--RestatementAxis__srt--RevisionOfPriorPeriodReclassificationAdjustmentMember__us-gaap--BalanceSheetLocationAxis__us-gaap--AccountsPayableAndAccruedLiabilitiesMember_zEP9lge2f584" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Property and Equipment, Net"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;1,173&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td id="xdx_F21_zyfMeDXz6986" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;[4]&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td id="xdx_98B_eus-gaap--PropertyPlantAndEquipmentNet_iNI_di_c20231231__srt--RestatementAxis__custom--RestatedMember__us-gaap--BalanceSheetLocationAxis__us-gaap--AccountsPayableAndAccruedLiabilitiesMember_zhenWcTlPxx4" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Property and Equipment, Net"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;(1,308,914&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;

&lt;tr id="xdx_40A_eus-gaap--PropertyPlantAndEquipmentNet_iI_zGHSAZZFprD9" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;Property and Equipment, Net&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;891,187&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;(792,612&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_F27_zQwv6cmr7OM9" style="text-align: left"&gt;)[3]&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_98E_eus-gaap--PropertyPlantAndEquipmentNet_iI_c20231231_za5CpKDvpVV7" style="text-align: right" title="Property and Equipment, Net"&gt;98,575&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;sup style="display: none"&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;/tr&gt;

&lt;tr id="xdx_40F_ecustom--JointVentureNoncontrolledEquityPortion_iI_zVqE23Ew5w29" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Joint Venture Non-Controlled Equity Portion&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;99,048&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;(99,048&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span id="xdx_F2C_zWdtDZbxngvb" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;[4]&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td id="xdx_98F_ecustom--JointVentureNoncontrolledEquityPortion_iI_c20231231_zfIPhb3DvAX1" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Other Assets"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1260"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1262"&gt;-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_408_eus-gaap--CashAndCashEquivalentsAtCarryingValue_iI_zsy8018A7aV5" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Cash and Cash Equivalents&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;4,754,597&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;(16,093&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span id="xdx_F2F_zUgv7gVi1U89" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;[4]&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td id="xdx_985_eus-gaap--CashAndCashEquivalentsAtCarryingValue_iI_c20231231_zTXZkgTEuih9" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Cash and Cash Equivalents"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;4,738,504&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_40E_eus-gaap--AccumulatedOtherComprehensiveIncomeLossNetOfTax_iI_zio8UYqeCbq3" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;(222,380&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;(962&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span id="xdx_F2B_z0dfXR74Oohf" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;[4]&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td id="xdx_98C_eus-gaap--AccumulatedOtherComprehensiveIncomeLossNetOfTax_iI_c20231231_zNTkNzJ1eXTl" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;(221,418&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;

  &lt;tr id="xdx_406_eus-gaap--RetainedEarningsAccumulatedDeficit_iI_z3Ir6i5k6W53" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;Accumulated Deficit&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;(47,941,796&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;(1,254,101&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_F25_zM3zut9taAsc" style="text-align: left"&gt;)[5]&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right" title="Other Assets"&gt;(49,195,897&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;)&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;

&lt;p style="margin: 0"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; width: 100%"&gt;&lt;tr style="vertical-align: top; text-align: justify"&gt;
&lt;td id="xdx_F02_zbdDn9kYk0Fk" style="width: 15pt; text-align: left"&gt;[1]&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 5pt"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_F15_zXn33UJWnQm" style="text-align: justify"&gt;Deferred Tax Asset eliminated from Other Assets&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr style="vertical-align: top; text-align: justify"&gt;
&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: justify"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
     &lt;tr style="vertical-align: top; text-align: justify"&gt;
&lt;td id="xdx_F0B_zswSIbsVwH3a" style="text-align: left"&gt;[2]&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_F13_zcUf7oCiP7sf" style="text-align: justify"&gt;The intercompany amount due to Iveda Taiwan was understated by $&lt;span id="xdx_906_eus-gaap--OtherReceivablesNetCurrent_iI_c20241231__us-gaap--RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis__custom--IvedaTaiwanMember_zUrQufgG7xS3" title="Intercompany amount due"&gt;200,000&lt;/span&gt; related to a payment made on behalf of Iveda US by Iveda Taiwan added back to Accounts and Other Payables&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;

&lt;tr style="vertical-align: top; text-align: justify"&gt;
&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: justify"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr style="vertical-align: top; text-align: justify"&gt;
&lt;td id="xdx_F00_zMH0CWh035Kd" style="text-align: left"&gt;[3]&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_F18_ztXTNDH0WDw4" style="text-align: justify"&gt;2023 capitalized software expensed to Research and Development&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr style="vertical-align: top; text-align: justify"&gt;
&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: justify"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
     &lt;tr style="vertical-align: top; text-align: justify"&gt;
&lt;td id="xdx_F0F_zu4yXsDfnBcg" style="text-align: left"&gt;[4]&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;p id="xdx_F1B_zlu883Ne9Xrb" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"&gt;An adjustment for $&lt;span id="xdx_908_eus-gaap--GainLossOnInvestments_iN_di_c20230101__20231231_zS2NXf66chn8"&gt;180,000&lt;/span&gt; to expense its investment
in Iveda Phils JV originally recorded as a consolidation but we have determined this investment should have been recorded using the equity
method. On the balance sheet this effected Cash and Cash equivalents, Accounts and Other Payables, Joint Venture Non-Controlled Equity Portion, Accumulated
Other Comprehensive Income (Loss). &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
     &lt;tr style="vertical-align: top; text-align: justify"&gt;
&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: justify"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
     &lt;tr style="vertical-align: top; text-align: justify"&gt;
&lt;td id="xdx_F0E_zrNBoZiGVebf" style="text-align: left"&gt;[5]&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_F14_zqYX1isJW6H4" style="text-align: justify"&gt;Each of the above restatements effected Accumulated Deficit&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
     &lt;/table&gt;



&lt;p id="xdx_8A7_zdXl4Qunxill" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;




&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify; margin: 0pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;The
following table presents the effect of the restatements and reclassification on the Company&#x2019;s previously issued and reported statement
of operations&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" id="xdx_89B_eus-gaap--IncomeStatementAbstract_zZawS1bWuJsk" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%" summary="xdx: Disclosure - SCHEDULE OF RESTATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS (Details)"&gt;
  &lt;tr style="display: none; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_49E_20230101__20231231__srt--RestatementAxis__srt--ScenarioPreviouslyReportedMember_z4IlaiJEhD69" style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_49F_20230101__20231231__srt--RestatementAxis__srt--RevisionOfPriorPeriodReclassificationAdjustmentMember_zAf9ekoberhj" style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_499_20230101__20231231__srt--RestatementAxis__custom--RestatedMember_zygj6tmLJlKj" style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: center"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: center"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="10" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: center"&gt;As of December 31, 2023&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: center"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: center"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: center"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: center"&gt;As Previously Reported&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: center"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: center"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: center"&gt;Adjustments&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: center"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: center"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: center"&gt;As Restated&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: center"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_40F_eus-gaap--ResearchAndDevelopmentExpense_zfhNOTcNWye9" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 52%; text-align: left"&gt;Research and Development&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 2%"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 12%; text-align: right"&gt;4,500&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 2%"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 12%; text-align: right"&gt;792,612&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 2%"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 12%; text-align: right"&gt;797,112&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;

&lt;tr id="xdx_40B_eus-gaap--GainLossOnInvestments_z0AM2b6dueBl" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 52%"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Loss from Investment in Iveda Phils
    JV&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 2%"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 12%; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1294"&gt;-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 2%"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 12%; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;180,000&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 2%"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 12%; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;180,000&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_409_ecustom--InvestmentsEliminateRecorded_zBpVd460c2ld" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Eliminate JV G&amp;amp;A recorded 2023&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;162,686&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;(162,686)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1300"&gt;-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_408_ecustom--EliminateInterestIncomeRecorded_zR9a2LbcGMte" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Eliminate JV Interest Income recorded 2023&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;(11&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;11&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1304"&gt;-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_408_ecustom--InvestmentEkiminateLossAttributableToNoncontrolledInterest_zy3MVrJDLj0i" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Eliminate Loss attributable to non-controlled interest&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;(97,605&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;97,605&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1308"&gt;-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;

&lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 52%"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 2%"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left; width: 1%"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right; width: 12%"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left; width: 1%"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 2%"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left; width: 1%"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right; width: 12%"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left; width: 1%"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 2%"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left; width: 1%"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right; width: 12%"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left; width: 1%"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_409_eus-gaap--NetIncomeLoss_zxHwsOGdHK32" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;Net Loss &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;(3,235,124&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;(907,542&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;(4,142,666&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;Basic and Diluted Cost per Share&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span id="xdx_905_eus-gaap--EarningsPerShareBasic_pid_uUSDPShares_c20230101__20231231__srt--RestatementAxis__srt--ScenarioPreviouslyReportedMember_z6cWNaEvQE0g"&gt;&lt;span id="xdx_900_eus-gaap--EarningsPerShareDiluted_pid_uUSDPShares_c20230101__20231231__srt--RestatementAxis__srt--ScenarioPreviouslyReportedMember_zbWVRwuUoui7"&gt;0.20&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span id="xdx_90F_eus-gaap--EarningsPerShareBasic_pid_uUSDPShares_c20230101__20231231__srt--RestatementAxis__custom--RestatedMember_fKg_____zQe7y4S4F0Hf"&gt;&lt;span id="xdx_901_eus-gaap--EarningsPerShareDiluted_pid_uUSDPShares_c20230101__20231231__srt--RestatementAxis__custom--RestatedMember_fKg_____zXrDdJJFN7ng"&gt;2.07&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;*&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;/table&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 6pt; width: 100%"&gt;&lt;tr style="vertical-align: top; text-align: justify"&gt;
&lt;td id="xdx_F0F_z4dBHSqXWiQ9" style="width: 35pt; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;*&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span id="xdx_F17_zNnkJH0XN6S4" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Restated per share amount
                                                                                                                                                              reflects a reverse stock split of the outstanding shares of our Common Stock at a ratio of 1-for-8 effected on September 17,
                                                                                                                                                              2024.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/table&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify; margin: 0pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;The
following table presents the effect of the restatements and reclassification on the Company&#x2019;s previously issued and reported statement
of operations&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" id="xdx_893_eus-gaap--StatementOfStockholdersEquityAbstract_zsa8b8KxxQH3" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%" summary="xdx: Disclosure - SCHEDULE OF RESTATEMENTS OF EQUITY (Details)"&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: center"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: center"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: center"&gt;Common Stock&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: center"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: center"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" id="xdx_4B8_us-gaap--StatementEquityComponentsAxis_us-gaap--CommonStockMember_zNWtuLUspDDe" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: center"&gt;Common Stock Amount&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: center"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: center"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" id="xdx_4B1_us-gaap--StatementEquityComponentsAxis_us-gaap--AdditionalPaidInCapitalMember_zNvHpuz1a5Uk" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: center"&gt;Additional Paid in Capital&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: center"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: center"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" id="xdx_4B4_us-gaap--StatementEquityComponentsAxis_us-gaap--RetainedEarningsMember_zDiRD6Q64TNh" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: center"&gt;Accumulated Deficit&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: center"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: center"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" id="xdx_4B2_us-gaap--StatementEquityComponentsAxis_us-gaap--NoncontrollingInterestMember_zYDSXM3bsta6" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: center"&gt;Non-Controlling Interest&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: center"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: center"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" id="xdx_4B3_us-gaap--StatementEquityComponentsAxis_us-gaap--AccumulatedOtherComprehensiveIncomeMember_zuZbY7qPEtDi" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: center"&gt;Accumulated Other Comprehensive (Loss)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: center"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: center"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" id="xdx_4B6_zf6jlou32GR9" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: center"&gt;Total&lt;br/&gt;
 Stockholders&#x2019;&lt;br/&gt;
 Equity&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: center"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_438_c20220101__20221231__srt--RestatementAxis__srt--RestatementAdjustmentMember_eus-gaap--StockholdersEquityIncludingPortionAttributableToNoncontrollingInterest_iS_zVVbvaykEDr5" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 37%; text-align: left"&gt;Balance, December 31, 2022 as previously reported&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 2%"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_984_eus-gaap--SharesOutstanding_iS_pid_c20220101__20221231__us-gaap--StatementEquityComponentsAxis__us-gaap--CommonStockMember__srt--RestatementAxis__srt--RestatementAdjustmentMember_zG7IiUG0I9R4" style="width: 5%; text-align: right" title="Balance, shares"&gt;1,883,342&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 2%"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 5%; text-align: right"&gt;19&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 2%"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 5%; text-align: right"&gt;52,497,045&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 2%"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 5%; text-align: right"&gt;(44,706,671&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 2%"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 5%; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="display: none; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1324"&gt;-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 2%"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 5%; text-align: right"&gt;(220,643&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 2%"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 5%; text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;7,569,750&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_409_eus-gaap--IncomeTaxEffectsAllocatedDirectlyToEquityPriorPeriodAdjustment_iN_di_zV1sv5Qhcvah" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;Correction of Deferred Tax Asset&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="display: none; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="display: none; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1330"&gt;-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="display: none; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1331"&gt;-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;(146,560&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="display: none; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1333"&gt;-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="display: none; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1334"&gt;-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;(146,560&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_401_ecustom--CorrectionOfPriorPeriodIntercompanyAccountsPayable_zdo0vs5z2Kt8" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;Correction of Prior Period Intercompany Accounts Payable&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="display: none; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="display: none; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1337"&gt;-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="display: none; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1338"&gt;-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;(200,000&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="display: none; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1340"&gt;-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="display: none; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1341"&gt;-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;(200,000&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_430_c20220101__20221231__srt--RestatementAxis__custom--RestatedMember_eus-gaap--StockholdersEquityIncludingPortionAttributableToNoncontrollingInterest_iE_zoag560yKGWi" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;Balance, December 31, 2022 as restated&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_982_eus-gaap--SharesOutstanding_iE_pid_c20220101__20221231__us-gaap--StatementEquityComponentsAxis__us-gaap--CommonStockMember__srt--RestatementAxis__custom--RestatedMember_zIc69LFrqyP2" style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right" title="Balance, shares"&gt;1,883,342&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right"&gt;19&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right"&gt;52,497,045&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right"&gt;(45,053,171&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="display: none; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1347"&gt;-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right"&gt;(220,643&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right"&gt;7,223,190&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_43F_c20230101__20231231__srt--RestatementAxis__srt--RestatementAdjustmentMember_eus-gaap--StockholdersEquityIncludingPortionAttributableToNoncontrollingInterest_iS_zW4GbqOvgHWd" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;Balance, December 31, 2023 as previously reported&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_981_eus-gaap--SharesOutstanding_iS_pid_c20230101__20231231__us-gaap--StatementEquityComponentsAxis__us-gaap--CommonStockMember__srt--RestatementAxis__srt--RestatementAdjustmentMember_zCDXuh3vm8p7" style="text-align: right" title="Balance, shares"&gt;2,021,236&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;20&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;54,065,775&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;(47,941,796&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;(99,048&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;(222,380&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;5,802,571&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_435_c20230101__20231231__srt--RestatementAxis__srt--RestatementAdjustmentMember_eus-gaap--StockholdersEquityIncludingPortionAttributableToNoncontrollingInterest_iS_zHrgcVuhfnNg" style="display: none; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;Balance&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_983_eus-gaap--SharesOutstanding_iS_pid_c20230101__20231231__us-gaap--StatementEquityComponentsAxis__us-gaap--CommonStockMember__srt--RestatementAxis__srt--RestatementAdjustmentMember_zi8YmdXk8n5h" style="text-align: right" title="Balance, shares"&gt;2,021,236&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;20&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;54,065,775&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;(47,941,796&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;(99,048&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;(222,380&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;5,802,571&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_409_eus-gaap--IncomeTaxEffectsAllocatedDirectlyToEquityPriorPeriodAdjustment_iN_di_zLLfHSYr2He3" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;Correction of Deferred Tax Asset&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="display: none; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="display: none; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1371"&gt;-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="display: none; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1372"&gt;-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;(146,560&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="display: none; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1374"&gt;-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="display: none; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1375"&gt;-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;(146,560&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_401_ecustom--CorrectionOfPriorPeriodIntercompanyAccountsPayable_z6e8J7GTRNwb" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;Correction of Prior Period Intercompany Accounts Payable&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="display: none; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="display: none; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1378"&gt;-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="display: none; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1379"&gt;-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;(200,000&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="display: none; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1381"&gt;-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="display: none; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1382"&gt;-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;(200,000&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_40A_ecustom--CapitalizedSoftwareExpensedToResearchAndDevelopment_zLuUq7ITMGLg" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;Capitalized Software expensed to Research and Development&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="display: none; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="display: none; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1385"&gt;-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="display: none; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1386"&gt;-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;(792,612&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="display: none; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1388"&gt;-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="display: none; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1389"&gt;-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;(792,612&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_40B_ecustom--ExpenseInvestmentNet_zCRtV4cqWXl" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;Expense Investment in Iveda Phils JV, net&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="display: none; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="display: none; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1392"&gt;-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="display: none; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1393"&gt;-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;(114,929&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;99,048&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;962&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;(14,919&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_433_c20230101__20231231__srt--RestatementAxis__custom--RestatedMember_eus-gaap--StockholdersEquityIncludingPortionAttributableToNoncontrollingInterest_iE_zFKYTDAKF84b" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;Balance, December 31, 2023 as restated&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_98A_eus-gaap--SharesOutstanding_iE_pid_c20230101__20231231__us-gaap--StatementEquityComponentsAxis__us-gaap--CommonStockMember__srt--RestatementAxis__custom--RestatedMember_zHnX4KUSBgM2" style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right" title="Balance, shares"&gt;2,021,236&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right"&gt;20&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right"&gt;54,065,775&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right"&gt;(49,195,897&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1402"&gt;-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right"&gt;(221,418&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right"&gt;4,648,480&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr id="xdx_43E_c20230101__20231231__srt--RestatementAxis__custom--RestatedMember_eus-gaap--StockholdersEquityIncludingPortionAttributableToNoncontrollingInterest_iE_zD9xUwxGzYN4" style="display: none; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;Balance&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_988_eus-gaap--SharesOutstanding_iE_pid_c20230101__20231231__us-gaap--StatementEquityComponentsAxis__us-gaap--CommonStockMember__srt--RestatementAxis__custom--RestatedMember_z6VcmmHkzGJb" style="text-align: right" title="Balance, shares"&gt;2,021,236&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;20&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;54,065,775&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;(49,195,897&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1411"&gt;-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;(221,418&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;4,648,480&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"&gt;The following table presents the effect of the restatements
of the Company&#x2019;s previously issued statement of cashflows:&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" id="xdx_89C_eus-gaap--StatementOfCashFlowsAbstract_z5xrIXEEAjhl" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%" summary="xdx: Disclosure - SCHEDULE OF RESTATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS (Details)"&gt;
  &lt;tr style="display: none; vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: center"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: center; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" id="xdx_49D_20230101__20231231__srt--RestatementAxis__srt--ScenarioPreviouslyReportedMember_zxBTNMLY7D8l" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: center"&gt;As Previously Reported&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: center; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: center; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" id="xdx_49D_20230101__20231231__srt--RestatementAxis__srt--RevisionOfPriorPeriodReclassificationAdjustmentMember_z1naIIWNklLd" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: center"&gt;Adjustments&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: center; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: center; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" id="xdx_498_20230101__20231231__srt--RestatementAxis__custom--RestatedMember_z0wbfJ4d0fWd" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: center"&gt;As Restated&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: center"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: center"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: center; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="10" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: center"&gt;As of December 31, 2023&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: center"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: center"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: center; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: center"&gt;As Previously Reported&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: center; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: center; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: center"&gt;Adjustments&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: center; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: center; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: center"&gt;As Restated&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: center"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_402_eus-gaap--ProfitLoss_zMJtW80VEwOh" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 41%; text-align: left"&gt;Net Loss&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 14%; text-align: right"&gt;(3,235,124&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_98F_eus-gaap--ProfitLoss_c20230101__20231231__srt--RestatementAxis__srt--RevisionOfPriorPeriodReclassificationAdjustmentMember_z8F0HccoS5G9" style="width: 14%; text-align: right" title="Net loss with adjustments"&gt;(792,612&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 5%; text-align: left"&gt;)&lt;sup id="xdx_F2F_zja1fcfeqqWh"&gt;[3]&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 14%; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="display: none; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1421"&gt;-&lt;/span&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 5%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;sup&gt;&#160;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_98B_ecustom--NetLoss_c20230101__20231231__srt--RestatementAxis__srt--RevisionOfPriorPeriodReclassificationAdjustmentMember__us-gaap--IncomeStatementLocationAxis__us-gaap--ResearchAndDevelopmentExpenseMember_z7a3JKgK2tf9" style="text-align: right" title="Net loss"&gt;(114,930&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;)&lt;sup id="xdx_F2A_zQ0ewDquiXJf"&gt;[4]&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_982_ecustom--NetLoss_c20230101__20231231__srt--RestatementAxis__custom--RestatedMember__us-gaap--IncomeStatementLocationAxis__us-gaap--ResearchAndDevelopmentExpenseMember_ztcKNSNHl0vg" style="text-align: right" title="Net loss"&gt;(4,142,666&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_405_eus-gaap--OperatingIncomeLoss_zRrBdbMdFo3h" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;Loss from Iveda Phils Joint Venture&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_980_ecustom--LossFromIvedaPhilsJointVenture_c20230101__20231231__srt--RestatementAxis__srt--RevisionOfPriorPeriodReclassificationAdjustmentMember__us-gaap--IncomeStatementLocationAxis__custom--LossFromJointVentureMember_zDtSa4gSvNE" style="text-align: right" title="Net loss"&gt;180,000&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;180,000&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_405_eus-gaap--IncreaseDecreaseInOtherAccountsPayable_z5MYXNQ8WUed" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;Increase (Decrease) in Accounts and Other Payables&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"&gt;(522,460&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_985_eus-gaap--IncreaseDecreaseInOtherAccountsPayable_c20230101__20231231__srt--RestatementAxis__srt--RevisionOfPriorPeriodReclassificationAdjustmentMember__us-gaap--IncomeStatementLocationAxis__custom--IncreaseDecreaseInAccountsAndOtherPayableMember_zpA33zocBK84" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right" title="Net loss"&gt;(1,173&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;)&lt;sup id="xdx_F24_zkm8jGVyxVse"&gt;[4]&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;(523,633&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_402_eus-gaap--NetCashProvidedByUsedInOperatingActivities_z0XZu5B9iHDa" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;Net Cash Used in Operating Activities&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;(2,604,645&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_981_eus-gaap--NetCashProvidedByUsedInOperatingActivities_c20230101__20231231__srt--RestatementAxis__srt--RevisionOfPriorPeriodReclassificationAdjustmentMember_zSCdD6AQ19K6" style="text-align: right" title="Net loss"&gt;(792,612&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;)&lt;sup id="xdx_F21_ztzxzqVzN6nd"&gt;[3]&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;sup id="xdx_F21_zyOzehYOAIqk"&gt;&#160;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_982_eus-gaap--NetCashProvidedByUsedInOperatingActivities_c20230101__20231231__srt--RestatementAxis__srt--RevisionOfPriorPeriodReclassificationAdjustmentMember__us-gaap--IncomeStatementLocationAxis__custom--LossFromJointVentureMember_zoEOqpj7AOba" style="text-align: right" title="Net loss"&gt;180,000&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;sup id="xdx_F26_zAUAIUQaneMi"&gt;[4]&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_985_eus-gaap--NetCashProvidedByUsedInOperatingActivities_c20230101__20231231__srt--RestatementAxis__srt--RevisionOfPriorPeriodReclassificationAdjustmentMember__us-gaap--IncomeStatementLocationAxis__custom--AdditionalLossFromJointVentureMember_z5FqeJXpHEQg" style="text-align: right" title="Net loss"&gt;(114,930&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;)&lt;sup id="xdx_F2B_zg8r0Axuwllf"&gt;[4]&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_98A_eus-gaap--NetCashProvidedByUsedInOperatingActivities_c20230101__20231231__srt--RestatementAxis__srt--RevisionOfPriorPeriodReclassificationAdjustmentMember__us-gaap--IncomeStatementLocationAxis__custom--IncreaseDecreaseInAccountsAndOtherPayableMember_zJQXbLr7Z873" style="text-align: right" title="Net Cash Used in Operating Activities"&gt;(1,173&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;)&lt;sup id="xdx_F24_zlQDr3eBIsdg"&gt;[4]&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_982_eus-gaap--NetCashProvidedByUsedInOperatingActivities_c20230101__20231231__srt--RestatementAxis__custom--RestatedMember__us-gaap--IncomeStatementLocationAxis__custom--IncreaseDecreaseInAccountsAndOtherPayableMember_zdK9gdg869C6" style="text-align: right" title="Net Cash Used in Operating Activities"&gt;(3,333,360&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;)&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_40D_eus-gaap--PaymentsToAcquireOtherPropertyPlantAndEquipment_iN_di_zLBpOeeylHEd" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;Purchase of Property and Equipment, Net&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;(878,205&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;(792,612&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;)&lt;sup id="xdx_F21_zJnFYHSpdHn7"&gt;[3]&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt; (85,593 &lt;sup&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_405_eus-gaap--NetCashProvidedByUsedInInvestingActivities_zU3vEyOvReUh" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;Net Cash Provided by (Used in) Investing Activities&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;(878,205&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;(792,612&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;)&lt;sup id="xdx_F22_zn4xxfpMKpL4"&gt;[3]&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;(85,593&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;)&lt;span&gt;&lt;sup&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;

&lt;tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_407_ecustom--JointVentureNoncontrolledEquityPortions_zLBSL9SPAwkb" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Joint Venture Non-Controlled Equity Portion&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;(99,048)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;99,048&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;sup id="xdx_F25_zPolopDbfp4l"&gt;[4]&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1465"&gt;-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;sup&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_40D_ecustom--IncreaseDecreaseInChangeRestrictedCash_zk7O4W7REyZ1" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;Change in restricted Cash&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;(685&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;)&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;685&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;sup id="xdx_F2E_zyH7xfOXwFo1"&gt;[5]&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1469"&gt;-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_400_eus-gaap--NetCashProvidedByUsedInFinancingActivities_zlSNIMaDeNX9" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Net Cash Provided by Financing Activities&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;924,100&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;99,048&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;sup id="xdx_F2F_zaPnGpmVtZd2"&gt;[4]&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;sup&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td id="xdx_985_eus-gaap--NetCashProvidedByUsedInFinancingActivities_c20230101__20231231__srt--RestatementAxis__srt--RevisionOfPriorPeriodReclassificationAdjustmentMember__us-gaap--IncomeStatementLocationAxis__custom--RestrictedCashWriteOffMember_zcbu2T2tT86" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Net Cash Provided by Financing Activities"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;685&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;sup id="xdx_F22_zMlUtq3c4rJh"&gt;[5]&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td id="xdx_98D_eus-gaap--NetCashProvidedByUsedInFinancingActivities_c20230101__20231231__srt--RestatementAxis__custom--RestatedMember__us-gaap--IncomeStatementLocationAxis__custom--RestrictedCashWriteOffMember_zeXaTHiR76T5" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Net loss"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;1,023,833&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;sup&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_405_eus-gaap--EffectOfExchangeRateOnCashCashEquivalentsRestrictedCashAndRestrictedCashEquivalentsIncludingDisposalGroupAndDiscontinuedOperations_zDEHEtNGQQRj" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;EFFECT OF EXCHANGE RATE CHANGES ON CASH&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;1,252&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;528&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;sup id="xdx_F2B_zeDpHD0XqGph"&gt;[4]&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;1,780&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_406_eus-gaap--CashCashEquivalentsRestrictedCashAndRestrictedCashEquivalentsPeriodIncreaseDecreaseIncludingExchangeRateEffect_zH07NlgrSIfh" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;NET INCREASE (DECREASE) IN CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;(2,557,499&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;)&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;(15,841&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;)&lt;sup id="xdx_F2A_zyXvPNMBcuml"&gt;[4]&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;(2,573,540&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;)&lt;sup&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_404_eus-gaap--CashCashEquivalentsRestrictedCashAndRestrictedCashEquivalentsIncludingDisposalGroupAndDiscontinuedOperations_iE_zwKvGZFIA1m9" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS &#x2013; END OF PERIOD&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;4,754,596&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;(16,092&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;)&lt;sup id="xdx_F2F_zyt8VrsDVk05"&gt;[4]&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;sup&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td id="xdx_98E_eus-gaap--NetCashProvidedByUsedInFinancingActivities_c20230101__20231231__srt--RestatementAxis__srt--RevisionOfPriorPeriodReclassificationAdjustmentMember__us-gaap--IncomeStatementLocationAxis__custom--AdditionalRestrictedCashMember_fWzZd_zhXPpwo7IOfj" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS - END OF PERIOD"&gt;129,778&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;sup&gt;[6]&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td id="xdx_983_eus-gaap--NetCashProvidedByUsedInFinancingActivities_c20230101__20231231__srt--RestatementAxis__srt--RevisionOfPriorPeriodReclassificationAdjustmentMember__us-gaap--IncomeStatementLocationAxis__custom--RestatedMember_zuQXWFocv7Ed" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS - END OF PERIOD"&gt;4,868,282&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;sup&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;/table&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%"&gt;
  &lt;tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span id="xdx_F0C_zQMwNvGAwNrk" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;[3]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span id="xdx_F12_z2ptCAZOxG25" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;2023
    Capitalized Software expensed to Research and Development&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top"&gt;
    &lt;td id="xdx_F0F_zylxjdTiaGlj" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;[4]&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td id="xdx_F16_zrzPOCnAxshi" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"&gt;An adjustment for $&lt;span class="xdx_phnt_RGlzY2xvc3VyZSAtIFNDSEVEVUxFIE9GIFJFU1RBVEVNRU5UUyBPRiBDQVNIIEZMT1dTIChEZXRhaWxzKSAoUGFyZW50aGV0aWNhbCkA" id="xdx_90E_eus-gaap--GainLossOnInvestments_iN_di_c20230101__20231231_zpY4noZbpg79"&gt;180,000&lt;/span&gt; to expense its investment in Iveda Phils JV originally recorded as a consolidation but
we have determined this investment should have been recorded as the equity method. The net loss effect is $&lt;span class="xdx_phnt_RGlzY2xvc3VyZSAtIFNDSEVEVUxFIE9GIFJFU1RBVEVNRU5UUyBPRiBDQVNIIEZMT1dTIChEZXRhaWxzKSAoUGFyZW50aGV0aWNhbCkA" id="xdx_907_ecustom--InvestmentNetIncomeLoss_c20240101__20241231_z8naaRmpZw9h" title="Investment net income loss"&gt;180,000&lt;/span&gt; less the $&lt;span class="xdx_phnt_RGlzY2xvc3VyZSAtIFNDSEVEVUxFIE9GIFJFU1RBVEVNRU5UUyBPRiBDQVNIIEZMT1dTIChEZXRhaWxzKSAoUGFyZW50aGV0aWNhbCkA" id="xdx_90D_ecustom--InvestmentNetIncomeLoss_c20230101__20231231_z11h83JKZ357" title="Investment net income loss"&gt;65,070&lt;/span&gt; loss
recorded in 2023 in consolidation. Net $&lt;span class="xdx_phnt_RGlzY2xvc3VyZSAtIFNDSEVEVUxFIE9GIFJFU1RBVEVNRU5UUyBPRiBDQVNIIEZMT1dTIChEZXRhaWxzKSAoUGFyZW50aGV0aWNhbCkA" id="xdx_904_ecustom--AdditionalInvestmentNetIncomeLoss_c20230101__20231231_zMbfpScPSHrd" title="Additional investment net income loss"&gt;114,930&lt;/span&gt; additional loss recorded in 2023.&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top"&gt;
    &lt;td id="xdx_F0C_zDHyjEdZT4h8" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;[5]&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td id="xdx_F14_zBE11YIpX0r2" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"&gt;Eliminate line item for change in restricted cash of $&lt;span class="xdx_phnt_RGlzY2xvc3VyZSAtIFNDSEVEVUxFIE9GIFJFU1RBVEVNRU5UUyBPRiBDQVNIIEZMT1dTIChEZXRhaWxzKSAoUGFyZW50aGV0aWNhbCkA" id="xdx_90E_ecustom--IncreaseDecreaseInChangeRestrictedCash_c20240101__20241231_zN85gW6VuM5e" title="Restricted cash"&gt;685&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top"&gt;
    &lt;td id="xdx_F0A_zhe8zBN3HXXb" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;[6]&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td id="xdx_F1F_zfb5IbyZpAl3" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;Added Restricted Cash to Cash and Cash Equivalents&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;/table&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p id="xdx_8AE_zbnvA8tUDwHa" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; display: none; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; display: none; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;



&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;



&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; display: none; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; display: none; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; display: none; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

</us-gaap:ErrorCorrectionTextBlock>
    <us-gaap:DeferredTaxAssetsOther
      contextRef="AsOf2022-12-31"
      decimals="0"
      id="Fact001227"
      unitRef="USD">146560</us-gaap:DeferredTaxAssetsOther>
    <us-gaap:OtherReceivablesNetCurrent
      contextRef="AsOf2024-12-31_custom_IvedaTaiwanMember"
      decimals="0"
      id="Fact001229"
      unitRef="USD">200000</us-gaap:OtherReceivablesNetCurrent>
    <us-gaap:ResearchAndDevelopmentExpense
      contextRef="From2023-01-012023-12-31_srt_RevisionOfPriorPeriodReclassificationAdjustmentMember"
      decimals="0"
      id="Fact001231"
      unitRef="USD">792612</us-gaap:ResearchAndDevelopmentExpense>
    <us-gaap:GainLossOnInvestments
      contextRef="From2023-01-012023-12-31"
      decimals="0"
      id="Fact001232"
      unitRef="USD">-180000</us-gaap:GainLossOnInvestments>
    <us-gaap:ScheduleOfErrorCorrectionsAndPriorPeriodAdjustmentsTextBlock contextRef="From2024-01-01to2024-12-31" id="Fact001234">&lt;p id="xdx_898_eus-gaap--ScheduleOfErrorCorrectionsAndPriorPeriodAdjustmentsTextBlock_zLRLO2aD8Qri" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;The
following table presents the effect of the restatements of the Company&#x2019;s previously issued balance sheet:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;span id="xdx_8B6_z0t6j0dDFz84" style="display: none"&gt;SCHEDULE
OF RESTATEMENTS&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" id="xdx_89D_eus-gaap--StatementOfFinancialPositionAbstract_z4brzBC1AjIe" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%" summary="xdx: Disclosure - SCHEDULE OF RESTATEMENTS OF BALANCE SHEETS (Details)"&gt;
  &lt;tr style="display: none; vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" id="xdx_49E_20231231__srt--RestatementAxis__srt--ScenarioPreviouslyReportedMember_zmRrVsMvU0Q"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" id="xdx_494_20231231__srt--RestatementAxis__srt--RevisionOfPriorPeriodReclassificationAdjustmentMember_z3iZ22AeZLYi"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" id="xdx_499_20231231__srt--RestatementAxis__custom--RestatedMember_zj8TgMWlMe7j"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: center"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: center"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="10" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: center"&gt;As of December 31, 2023&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: center"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: center"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: center"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: center"&gt;As Previously Reported&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: center"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: center"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: center"&gt;Adjustments&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: center"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: center"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: center"&gt;As Restated&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: center"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_403_eus-gaap--OtherAssets_iI_z1gkYpPlpiTj" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 49%; text-align: left"&gt;Other Assets&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 2%"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 12%; text-align: right"&gt;444,723&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 2%"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 12%; text-align: right"&gt;(146,560&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 4%; text-align: left"&gt;)&lt;span id="xdx_F26_zC8Ts3zdtcb7"&gt;[1]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 2%"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 12%; text-align: right"&gt;298,163&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;sup style="display: none"&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;/tr&gt;

&lt;tr id="xdx_408_eus-gaap--AccountsPayableAndOtherAccruedLiabilitiesCurrent_iNI_di_zx6lYK9I7oU6" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Accounts and Other Payables&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;(1,110,087)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;(200,000&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span id="xdx_F23_zDXh6lOpTsU4" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;[2]&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td id="xdx_98A_eus-gaap--OtherAssets_iI_c20231231_zeIplkfSPOHg" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Other Assets"&gt;&lt;span style="display: none; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1244"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1246"&gt;-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td id="xdx_98C_eus-gaap--PropertyPlantAndEquipmentNet_iI_c20231231__srt--RestatementAxis__srt--RevisionOfPriorPeriodReclassificationAdjustmentMember__us-gaap--BalanceSheetLocationAxis__us-gaap--AccountsPayableAndAccruedLiabilitiesMember_zEP9lge2f584" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Property and Equipment, Net"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;1,173&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td id="xdx_F21_zyfMeDXz6986" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;[4]&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td id="xdx_98B_eus-gaap--PropertyPlantAndEquipmentNet_iNI_di_c20231231__srt--RestatementAxis__custom--RestatedMember__us-gaap--BalanceSheetLocationAxis__us-gaap--AccountsPayableAndAccruedLiabilitiesMember_zhenWcTlPxx4" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Property and Equipment, Net"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;(1,308,914&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;

&lt;tr id="xdx_40A_eus-gaap--PropertyPlantAndEquipmentNet_iI_zGHSAZZFprD9" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;Property and Equipment, Net&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;891,187&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;(792,612&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_F27_zQwv6cmr7OM9" style="text-align: left"&gt;)[3]&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_98E_eus-gaap--PropertyPlantAndEquipmentNet_iI_c20231231_za5CpKDvpVV7" style="text-align: right" title="Property and Equipment, Net"&gt;98,575&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;sup style="display: none"&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;/tr&gt;

&lt;tr id="xdx_40F_ecustom--JointVentureNoncontrolledEquityPortion_iI_zVqE23Ew5w29" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Joint Venture Non-Controlled Equity Portion&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;99,048&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;(99,048&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span id="xdx_F2C_zWdtDZbxngvb" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;[4]&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td id="xdx_98F_ecustom--JointVentureNoncontrolledEquityPortion_iI_c20231231_zfIPhb3DvAX1" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Other Assets"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1260"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1262"&gt;-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_408_eus-gaap--CashAndCashEquivalentsAtCarryingValue_iI_zsy8018A7aV5" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Cash and Cash Equivalents&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;4,754,597&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;(16,093&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span id="xdx_F2F_zUgv7gVi1U89" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;[4]&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td id="xdx_985_eus-gaap--CashAndCashEquivalentsAtCarryingValue_iI_c20231231_zTXZkgTEuih9" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Cash and Cash Equivalents"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;4,738,504&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_40E_eus-gaap--AccumulatedOtherComprehensiveIncomeLossNetOfTax_iI_zio8UYqeCbq3" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;(222,380&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;(962&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span id="xdx_F2B_z0dfXR74Oohf" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;[4]&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td id="xdx_98C_eus-gaap--AccumulatedOtherComprehensiveIncomeLossNetOfTax_iI_c20231231_zNTkNzJ1eXTl" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;(221,418&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;

  &lt;tr id="xdx_406_eus-gaap--RetainedEarningsAccumulatedDeficit_iI_z3Ir6i5k6W53" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;Accumulated Deficit&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;(47,941,796&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;(1,254,101&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_F25_zM3zut9taAsc" style="text-align: left"&gt;)[5]&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right" title="Other Assets"&gt;(49,195,897&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;)&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;

&lt;p style="margin: 0"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; width: 100%"&gt;&lt;tr style="vertical-align: top; text-align: justify"&gt;
&lt;td id="xdx_F02_zbdDn9kYk0Fk" style="width: 15pt; text-align: left"&gt;[1]&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 5pt"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_F15_zXn33UJWnQm" style="text-align: justify"&gt;Deferred Tax Asset eliminated from Other Assets&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr style="vertical-align: top; text-align: justify"&gt;
&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: justify"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
     &lt;tr style="vertical-align: top; text-align: justify"&gt;
&lt;td id="xdx_F0B_zswSIbsVwH3a" style="text-align: left"&gt;[2]&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_F13_zcUf7oCiP7sf" style="text-align: justify"&gt;The intercompany amount due to Iveda Taiwan was understated by $&lt;span id="xdx_906_eus-gaap--OtherReceivablesNetCurrent_iI_c20241231__us-gaap--RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis__custom--IvedaTaiwanMember_zUrQufgG7xS3" title="Intercompany amount due"&gt;200,000&lt;/span&gt; related to a payment made on behalf of Iveda US by Iveda Taiwan added back to Accounts and Other Payables&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;

&lt;tr style="vertical-align: top; text-align: justify"&gt;
&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: justify"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr style="vertical-align: top; text-align: justify"&gt;
&lt;td id="xdx_F00_zMH0CWh035Kd" style="text-align: left"&gt;[3]&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_F18_ztXTNDH0WDw4" style="text-align: justify"&gt;2023 capitalized software expensed to Research and Development&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr style="vertical-align: top; text-align: justify"&gt;
&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: justify"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
     &lt;tr style="vertical-align: top; text-align: justify"&gt;
&lt;td id="xdx_F0F_zu4yXsDfnBcg" style="text-align: left"&gt;[4]&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;p id="xdx_F1B_zlu883Ne9Xrb" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"&gt;An adjustment for $&lt;span id="xdx_908_eus-gaap--GainLossOnInvestments_iN_di_c20230101__20231231_zS2NXf66chn8"&gt;180,000&lt;/span&gt; to expense its investment
in Iveda Phils JV originally recorded as a consolidation but we have determined this investment should have been recorded using the equity
method. On the balance sheet this effected Cash and Cash equivalents, Accounts and Other Payables, Joint Venture Non-Controlled Equity Portion, Accumulated
Other Comprehensive Income (Loss). &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
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&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: justify"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
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&lt;td id="xdx_F0E_zrNBoZiGVebf" style="text-align: left"&gt;[5]&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_F14_zqYX1isJW6H4" style="text-align: justify"&gt;Each of the above restatements effected Accumulated Deficit&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
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    <us-gaap:SubsequentEventsTextBlock contextRef="From2024-01-01to2024-12-31" id="Fact001508">&lt;p id="xdx_80B_eus-gaap--SubsequentEventsTextBlock_zMHzidveyp0c" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;b&gt;NOTE 12 &lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;span id="xdx_827_zhV18sZOPGU9"&gt;SUBSEQUENT
EVENTS&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-indent: 0.5in; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"&gt;On February 27, 2025, Iveda Solutions, Inc. (the &#x201c;Company&#x201d;) entered into an At the Market Offering Agreement
(the &#x201c;Sales Agreement&#x201d;) with H.C. Wainwright &amp;amp; Co., LLC (the &#x201c;Sales Agent), pursuant to which the Company may offer
and sell, from time to time, through or to the Sales Agent, shares (the &#x201c;Placement Shares&#x201d;) of the Company&#x2019;s common
stock, par value $&lt;span id="xdx_908_eus-gaap--CommonStockParOrStatedValuePerShare_iI_pid_c20250227__us-gaap--TypeOfArrangementAxis__custom--AtTheMarketOfferingAgreementMember__us-gaap--SubsequentEventTypeAxis__us-gaap--SubsequentEventMember_zy2EETTVUSLg" title="Common stock, par value"&gt;0.00001&lt;/span&gt; per share (the &#x201c;Common Stock&#x201d;), having an aggregate offering price of up to $&lt;span id="xdx_90D_eus-gaap--StockIssuedDuringPeriodValueIssuedForServices_c20250227__20250227__us-gaap--TypeOfArrangementAxis__custom--AtTheMarketOfferingAgreementMember__us-gaap--SubsequentEventTypeAxis__us-gaap--SubsequentEventMember_zGPmY27m86oi" title="Stock issued during period value issued for services"&gt;5,082,431&lt;/span&gt; (the &#x201c;ATM
Offering&#x201d;). Sales pursuant to the Sales Agreement will be made only upon instructions by the Company to the Sales Agent, and the
Company cannot provide any assurances that it will issue any Shares pursuant to the Sales Agreement.&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-indent: 0.5in; text-align: justify"&gt;The issuance and sale, if any, of the Placement Shares by the Company under the Sales Agreement will be made pursuant
to the Company&#x2019;s effective &#x201c;shelf&#x201d; registration statement on Form S-3 (Registration Statement No. 333-276676) (the &#x201c;Registration
Statement&#x201d;), the base prospectus contained therein, and a prospectus supplement relating to the ATM offering, dated February 27,
2025.&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-indent: 0.5in; text-align: justify"&gt;Under the terms of the Sales Agreement, the Company may sell the Placement Shares by any method permitted that is
deemed an &#x201c;at the market offering&#x201d; as defined in Rule 415 under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the &#x201c;Securities
Act&#x201d;). The Sales Agent will use its commercially reasonable efforts consistent with its normal trading and sales practices and applicable
state and federal laws, rules and regulations to sell the Placement Shares from time to time, based upon the Company&#x2019;s instructions
(including any price, time or size limits or other customary parameters or conditions the Company may impose). Actual sales will depend
on a variety of factors to be determined by the Company from time to time, including (among others) market conditions, the trading price
of the Company&#x2019;s Common Stock, capital needs and determinations by the Company of the appropriate sources of funding for the Company.
The Company is not obligated to make any sales of Placement Shares under the Sales Agreement and the Company cannot provide any assurances
that it will issue any Placement Shares pursuant to the Sales Agreement. The Company will pay a commission rate of 3% of the gross sales
price per share sold and agreed to reimburse the Sales Agent for certain specified expenses, including the fees and disbursements of its
legal counsel in an amount not to exceed $&lt;span id="xdx_901_eus-gaap--LegalFees_c20250227__20250227__us-gaap--TypeOfArrangementAxis__custom--AtTheMarketOfferingAgreementMember__us-gaap--SubsequentEventTypeAxis__us-gaap--SubsequentEventMember_z8bCWb41gZZf" title="Legal fees"&gt;50,000&lt;/span&gt; and have agreed to reimburse the Sales Agents an amount not to exceed $&lt;span id="xdx_904_ecustom--AmountsDueToReimbursements_c20250227__20250227__us-gaap--SubsequentEventTypeAxis__us-gaap--SubsequentEventMember_zKT9b7eBT0i3" title="Amounts due to reimbursements"&gt;5,000&lt;/span&gt; per due
diligence update session conducted in connection with each such date the Company files its Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q, its Annual
Report on Form 10-K and amendments or supplements to the Registration Statement, the accompanying prospectus, or any prospectus supplement.
The Company has also agreed pursuant to the Sales Agreement to provide the Sales Agent with customary indemnification and contribution
rights.&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-indent: 0.5in; text-align: justify"&gt;On March 14, 2025, the &#x201c;Company redomiciled
to Delaware form Nevada with authorized to issue &lt;span id="xdx_901_eus-gaap--StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesNewIssues_c20250314__20250314__us-gaap--SubsequentEventTypeAxis__us-gaap--SubsequentEventMember_zxZQ1sjjPe0l" title="Stock issued during period shares new issues"&gt;312,500,000&lt;/span&gt; shares of capital stock. Of which (i) &lt;span id="xdx_909_eus-gaap--CommonStockSharesIssued_iI_c20250314__us-gaap--SubsequentEventTypeAxis__us-gaap--SubsequentEventMember_zODqUgnZRYN9" title="Common stock, shares issued"&gt;300&lt;/span&gt; million shares shall be common
stock, $&lt;span id="xdx_902_eus-gaap--CommonStockParOrStatedValuePerShare_iI_pid_c20250314__us-gaap--SubsequentEventTypeAxis__us-gaap--SubsequentEventMember_zZnpfOrTFtdc" title="Common stock, par value"&gt;0.00001&lt;/span&gt; par value and (ii) &lt;span id="xdx_907_eus-gaap--PreferredStockSharesIssued_iI_c20250314_zc3B6v4QwDB" title="Preferred stock, shares issued"&gt;12,500,000&lt;/span&gt; shares shall be shares of preferred stock, $&lt;span id="xdx_90F_eus-gaap--PreferredStockParOrStatedValuePerShare_iI_pid_c20250314__us-gaap--SubsequentEventTypeAxis__us-gaap--SubsequentEventMember_zJQFdOl2INJ2" title="Preferred stock, par value"&gt;0.00001&lt;/span&gt; par value.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-indent: 0.5in; text-align: justify"&gt;The Company headquarters lease in Mesa Arizona
expired February 28, 2025 and has been renewed for &lt;span id="xdx_901_eus-gaap--LesseeOperatingLeaseRenewalTerm_iI_dtY_c20250228__us-gaap--SubsequentEventTypeAxis__us-gaap--SubsequentEventMember_zMa4Xn8nkR8k" title="Lessee operating lease renewal term"&gt;5&lt;/span&gt; years at similar terms to the previous lease.&lt;/p&gt;

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    <us-gaap:CommonStockParOrStatedValuePerShare
      contextRef="AsOf2025-02-27_custom_AtTheMarketOfferingAgreementMember_us-gaap_SubsequentEventMember"
      decimals="INF"
      id="Fact001510"
      unitRef="USDPShares">0.00001</us-gaap:CommonStockParOrStatedValuePerShare>
    <us-gaap:StockIssuedDuringPeriodValueIssuedForServices
      contextRef="From2025-02-272025-02-27_custom_AtTheMarketOfferingAgreementMember_us-gaap_SubsequentEventMember"
      decimals="0"
      id="Fact001512"
      unitRef="USD">5082431</us-gaap:StockIssuedDuringPeriodValueIssuedForServices>
    <us-gaap:LegalFees
      contextRef="From2025-02-272025-02-27_custom_AtTheMarketOfferingAgreementMember_us-gaap_SubsequentEventMember"
      decimals="0"
      id="Fact001514"
      unitRef="USD">50000</us-gaap:LegalFees>
    <IVDA:AmountsDueToReimbursements
      contextRef="From2025-02-272025-02-27_us-gaap_SubsequentEventMember"
      decimals="0"
      id="Fact001516"
      unitRef="USD">5000</IVDA:AmountsDueToReimbursements>
    <us-gaap:StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesNewIssues
      contextRef="From2025-03-142025-03-14_us-gaap_SubsequentEventMember"
      decimals="INF"
      id="Fact001518"
      unitRef="Shares">312500000</us-gaap:StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesNewIssues>
    <us-gaap:CommonStockSharesIssued
      contextRef="AsOf2025-03-14_us-gaap_SubsequentEventMember"
      decimals="INF"
      id="Fact001520"
      unitRef="Shares">300</us-gaap:CommonStockSharesIssued>
    <us-gaap:CommonStockParOrStatedValuePerShare
      contextRef="AsOf2025-03-14_us-gaap_SubsequentEventMember"
      decimals="INF"
      id="Fact001522"
      unitRef="USDPShares">0.00001</us-gaap:CommonStockParOrStatedValuePerShare>
    <us-gaap:PreferredStockSharesIssued
      contextRef="AsOf2025-03-14"
      decimals="INF"
      id="Fact001524"
      unitRef="Shares">12500000</us-gaap:PreferredStockSharesIssued>
    <us-gaap:PreferredStockParOrStatedValuePerShare
      contextRef="AsOf2025-03-14_us-gaap_SubsequentEventMember"
      decimals="INF"
      id="Fact001526"
      unitRef="USDPShares">0.00001</us-gaap:PreferredStockParOrStatedValuePerShare>
    <us-gaap:LesseeOperatingLeaseRenewalTerm
      contextRef="AsOf2025-02-28_us-gaap_SubsequentEventMember"
      id="Fact001528">P5Y</us-gaap:LesseeOperatingLeaseRenewalTerm>
    <link:footnoteLink
      xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/link"
      xlink:type="extended">
        <link:loc
          xlink:href="#Fact000705"
          xlink:label="Fact000705"
          xlink:type="locator"/>
        <link:footnote id="Footnote000738" xlink:label="Footnote000738" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/footnote" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">On
                                            January 24, 2024, the Company received a facility notice from Shanghai Commercial Bank, granting
                                            a revolving loan facility totaling up to TWD <xhtml:span
  class="xdx_phnt_RGlzY2xvc3VyZSAtIFNDSEVEVUxFIE9GIExPTkctVEVSTSBERUJUIChEZXRhaWxzKSAoUGFyZW50aGV0aWNhbCkA"
  id="xdx_904_eus-gaap--LineOfCreditFacilityMaximumBorrowingCapacity_iI_uNTD_c20240124__us-gaap--CreditFacilityAxis__us-gaap--RevolvingCreditFacilityMember_z6SmmmNufU21"
  title="Line of credit facility maximum borrowing capacity">10,000,000</xhtml:span></link:footnote>
        <link:footnoteArc
          xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/fact-footnote"
          xlink:from="Fact000705"
          xlink:to="Footnote000738"
          xlink:type="arc"/>
        <link:loc
          xlink:href="#Fact000707"
          xlink:label="Fact000707"
          xlink:type="locator"/>
        <link:footnoteArc
          xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/fact-footnote"
          xlink:from="Fact000707"
          xlink:to="Footnote000738"
          xlink:type="arc"/>
        <link:loc
          xlink:href="#Fact000709"
          xlink:label="Fact000709"
          xlink:type="locator"/>
        <link:footnoteArc
          xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/fact-footnote"
          xlink:from="Fact000709"
          xlink:to="Footnote000738"
          xlink:type="arc"/>
        <link:loc
          xlink:href="#Fact000711"
          xlink:label="Fact000711"
          xlink:type="locator"/>
        <link:footnoteArc
          xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/fact-footnote"
          xlink:from="Fact000711"
          xlink:to="Footnote000738"
          xlink:type="arc"/>
        <link:loc
          xlink:href="#Fact000713"
          xlink:label="Fact000713"
          xlink:type="locator"/>
        <link:footnoteArc
          xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/fact-footnote"
          xlink:from="Fact000713"
          xlink:to="Footnote000738"
          xlink:type="arc"/>
        <link:loc
          xlink:href="#xdx2ixbrl0715"
          xlink:label="xdx2ixbrl0715"
          xlink:type="locator"/>
        <link:footnoteArc
          xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/fact-footnote"
          xlink:from="xdx2ixbrl0715"
          xlink:to="Footnote000738"
          xlink:type="arc"/>
        <link:loc
          xlink:href="#Fact001239"
          xlink:label="Fact001239"
          xlink:type="locator"/>
        <link:footnote id="Footnote001279" xlink:label="Footnote001279" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/footnote" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Deferred Tax Asset eliminated from Other Assets</link:footnote>
        <link:footnoteArc
          xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/fact-footnote"
          xlink:from="Fact001239"
          xlink:to="Footnote001279"
          xlink:type="arc"/>
        <link:loc
          xlink:href="#Fact001243"
          xlink:label="Fact001243"
          xlink:type="locator"/>
        <link:footnote id="Footnote001280" xlink:label="Footnote001280" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/footnote" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">The intercompany amount due to Iveda Taiwan was understated by $<xhtml:span
  id="xdx_906_eus-gaap--OtherReceivablesNetCurrent_iI_c20241231__us-gaap--RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis__custom--IvedaTaiwanMember_zUrQufgG7xS3"
  title="Intercompany amount due">200,000</xhtml:span> related to a payment made on behalf of Iveda US by Iveda Taiwan added back to Accounts and Other Payables</link:footnote>
        <link:footnoteArc
          xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/fact-footnote"
          xlink:from="Fact001243"
          xlink:to="Footnote001280"
          xlink:type="arc"/>
        <link:loc
          xlink:href="#Fact001253"
          xlink:label="Fact001253"
          xlink:type="locator"/>
        <link:footnote id="Footnote001283" xlink:label="Footnote001283" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/footnote" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">2023 capitalized software expensed to Research and Development</link:footnote>
        <link:footnoteArc
          xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/fact-footnote"
          xlink:from="Fact001253"
          xlink:to="Footnote001283"
          xlink:type="arc"/>
        <link:loc
          xlink:href="#Fact001259"
          xlink:label="Fact001259"
          xlink:type="locator"/>
        <link:footnote id="Footnote001284" xlink:label="Footnote001284" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/footnote" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">An adjustment for $<xhtml:span id="xdx_908_eus-gaap--GainLossOnInvestments_iN_di_c20230101__20231231_zS2NXf66chn8">180,000</xhtml:span> to expense its investment
in Iveda Phils JV originally recorded as a consolidation but we have determined this investment should have been recorded using the equity
method. On the balance sheet this effected Cash and Cash equivalents, Accounts and Other Payables, Joint Venture Non-Controlled Equity Portion, Accumulated
Other Comprehensive Income (Loss). </link:footnote>
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          xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/fact-footnote"
          xlink:from="Fact001259"
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        <link:loc
          xlink:href="#Fact001265"
          xlink:label="Fact001265"
          xlink:type="locator"/>
        <link:footnoteArc
          xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/fact-footnote"
          xlink:from="Fact001265"
          xlink:to="Footnote001284"
          xlink:type="arc"/>
        <link:loc
          xlink:href="#Fact001271"
          xlink:label="Fact001271"
          xlink:type="locator"/>
        <link:footnoteArc
          xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/fact-footnote"
          xlink:from="Fact001271"
          xlink:to="Footnote001284"
          xlink:type="arc"/>
        <link:loc
          xlink:href="#Fact001277"
          xlink:label="Fact001277"
          xlink:type="locator"/>
        <link:footnote id="Footnote001286" xlink:label="Footnote001286" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/footnote" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Each of the above restatements effected Accumulated Deficit</link:footnote>
        <link:footnoteArc
          xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/fact-footnote"
          xlink:from="Fact001277"
          xlink:to="Footnote001286"
          xlink:type="arc"/>
        <link:loc
          xlink:href="#Fact001315"
          xlink:label="Fact001315"
          xlink:type="locator"/>
        <link:footnote id="Footnote001317" xlink:label="Footnote001317" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/footnote" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Restated per share amount
                                                                                                                                                              reflects a reverse stock split of the outstanding shares of our Common Stock at a ratio of 1-for-8 effected on September 17,
                                                                                                                                                              2024.</link:footnote>
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          xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/fact-footnote"
          xlink:from="Fact001315"
          xlink:to="Footnote001317"
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        <link:loc
          xlink:href="#Fact001316"
          xlink:label="Fact001316"
          xlink:type="locator"/>
        <link:footnoteArc
          xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/fact-footnote"
          xlink:from="Fact001316"
          xlink:to="Footnote001317"
          xlink:type="arc"/>
        <link:loc
          xlink:href="#Fact001420"
          xlink:label="Fact001420"
          xlink:type="locator"/>
        <link:footnote id="Footnote001494" xlink:label="Footnote001494" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/footnote" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">2023
    Capitalized Software expensed to Research and Development</link:footnote>
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          xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/fact-footnote"
          xlink:from="Fact001420"
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        <link:loc
          xlink:href="#Fact001442"
          xlink:label="Fact001442"
          xlink:type="locator"/>
        <link:footnoteArc
          xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/fact-footnote"
          xlink:from="Fact001442"
          xlink:to="Footnote001494"
          xlink:type="arc"/>
        <link:loc
          xlink:href="#Fact001456"
          xlink:label="Fact001456"
          xlink:type="locator"/>
        <link:footnoteArc
          xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/fact-footnote"
          xlink:from="Fact001456"
          xlink:to="Footnote001494"
          xlink:type="arc"/>
        <link:loc
          xlink:href="#Fact001460"
          xlink:label="Fact001460"
          xlink:type="locator"/>
        <link:footnoteArc
          xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/fact-footnote"
          xlink:from="Fact001460"
          xlink:to="Footnote001494"
          xlink:type="arc"/>
        <link:loc
          xlink:href="#Fact001436"
          xlink:label="Fact001436"
          xlink:type="locator"/>
        <link:footnote id="Footnote001495" xlink:label="Footnote001495" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/footnote" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">An adjustment for $<xhtml:span
  class="xdx_phnt_RGlzY2xvc3VyZSAtIFNDSEVEVUxFIE9GIFJFU1RBVEVNRU5UUyBPRiBDQVNIIEZMT1dTIChEZXRhaWxzKSAoUGFyZW50aGV0aWNhbCkA"
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we have determined this investment should have been recorded as the equity method. The net loss effect is $<xhtml:span
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  id="xdx_907_ecustom--InvestmentNetIncomeLoss_c20240101__20241231_z8naaRmpZw9h"
  title="Investment net income loss">180,000</xhtml:span> less the $<xhtml:span
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  title="Investment net income loss">65,070</xhtml:span> loss
recorded in 2023 in consolidation. Net $<xhtml:span
  class="xdx_phnt_RGlzY2xvc3VyZSAtIFNDSEVEVUxFIE9GIFJFU1RBVEVNRU5UUyBPRiBDQVNIIEZMT1dTIChEZXRhaWxzKSAoUGFyZW50aGV0aWNhbCkA"
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  title="Additional investment net income loss">114,930</xhtml:span> additional loss recorded in 2023.</link:footnote>
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          xlink:from="Fact001436"
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        <link:loc
          xlink:href="#Fact001464"
          xlink:label="Fact001464"
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        <link:footnoteArc
          xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/fact-footnote"
          xlink:from="Fact001464"
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        <link:loc
          xlink:href="#Fact001472"
          xlink:label="Fact001472"
          xlink:type="locator"/>
        <link:footnoteArc
          xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/fact-footnote"
          xlink:from="Fact001472"
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          xlink:type="arc"/>
        <link:loc
          xlink:href="#Fact001480"
          xlink:label="Fact001480"
          xlink:type="locator"/>
        <link:footnoteArc
          xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/fact-footnote"
          xlink:from="Fact001480"
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        <link:loc
          xlink:href="#Fact001484"
          xlink:label="Fact001484"
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        <link:footnoteArc
          xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/fact-footnote"
          xlink:from="Fact001484"
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        <link:loc
          xlink:href="#Fact001488"
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        <link:footnoteArc
          xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/fact-footnote"
          xlink:from="Fact001488"
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        <link:loc
          xlink:href="#Fact001468"
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        <link:footnote id="Footnote001503" xlink:label="Footnote001503" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/footnote" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Eliminate line item for change in restricted cash of $<xhtml:span
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          xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/fact-footnote"
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        <link:loc
          xlink:href="#Fact001491"
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        <link:footnote id="Footnote001506" xlink:label="Footnote001506" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/footnote" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Added Restricted Cash to Cash and Cash Equivalents</link:footnote>
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</SEC-DOCUMENT>
