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Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Policies)
9 Months Ended
Sep. 30, 2018
Accounting Policies [Abstract]  
Basis of Presentation

Basis of Presentation

 

The accompanying interim unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with U.S. GAAP for interim financial information and pursuant to instructions to the SEC’s Form 10-Q and Article 8 of Regulation S-X of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and reflect the accounts and operations of the Company and those of our subsidiaries.

 

All intercompany accounts and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation. Accordingly, the accompanying interim unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements do not include all the information and footnotes required by U.S. GAAP for complete financial statements. In the opinion of management, all adjustments (consisting only of normal recurring adjustments) considered necessary for a fair presentation of the unaudited condensed consolidated financial position of the Company as of September 30, 2018, the unaudited condensed consolidated results of operations for the three and nine months ended September, 2018 and 2017, and the unaudited condensed consolidated results of cash flows for the nine months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017 have been included. These interim unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements do not include all of the information and footnotes required by U.S. GAAP for complete financial statements and, therefore, should be read in conjunction with the consolidated financial statements and related notes contained in the Company’s most recent Annual Report on Form 10-K filed with the SEC on April 17, 2018, as amended on April 30, 2018 and May 24, 2018 (the “Annual Report”). The December 31, 2017 balances reported herein are derived from the audited consolidated financial statements included in the Annual Report. The results for the interim periods are not necessarily indicative of results to be expected for the full year.

Use of Estimates

Use of Estimates

 

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Significant estimates include stock-based compensation, fair values relating to derivative liabilities and the valuation allowance related to deferred tax assets. Actual results may differ from these estimates.

Fair Value of Financial Instruments

Fair Value of Financial Instruments

 

The Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) subtopic 825-10, Financial Instruments (“ASC 825-10”) requires disclosure of the fair value of certain financial instruments. The carrying value of cash and cash equivalents, accounts receivable, accounts payable and accrued liabilities as reflected in the balance sheets, approximate fair value because of the short-term maturity of these instruments. All other significant financial assets, financial liabilities and equity instruments of the Company are either recognized or disclosed in the financial statements together with other information relevant for making a reasonable assessment of future cash flows, interest rate risk and credit risk.

 

The Company follows ASC 825-10, which permits entities to choose to measure many financial instruments and certain other items at fair value.

Cash and Cash Equivalents

Cash and Cash Equivalents

 

For purposes of the Statement of Cash Flows, the Company considers highly liquid investments with an original maturity of three months or less to be cash equivalents.

Property and Equipment

Property and Equipment

 

Property and equipment are stated at cost and depreciated using the straight-line method over their estimated useful lives of three to five years. Repair and maintenance costs are expensed as occurred. When retired or otherwise disposed, the related carrying value and accumulated depreciation are removed from the respective accounts and the net difference less any amount realized from disposition, is reflected in earnings.

Acquisitions and Subsidiaries

Acquisitions and Subsidiaries

 

Subsidiaries are all entities over which MassRoots has the power to govern the financial and operating policies generally accompanying a shareholding of more than one half of the voting rights. The existence and effect of potential voting rights that are currently exercisable or convertible are considered when assessing whether MassRoots controls another entity. Subsidiaries are fully consolidated from the date on which control is transferred to MassRoots.  

 

The purchase method of accounting is used to account for the acquisition of subsidiaries by MassRoots. The cost of an acquisition is measured as the fair value of the assets transferred in consideration, equity instruments issued and liabilities incurred or assumed at the date of exchange, plus costs directly attributable to the acquisition. Identifiable assets acquired and liabilities and contingent liabilities assumed in a business combination are measured initially at their fair values at the acquisition date, irrespective of the extent of any minority interest. The excess of the cost of acquisition over the fair value of the MassRoots’ share of the identifiable net assets acquired is recorded as goodwill. If the cost of acquisition is less than the fair value of the net assets of the subsidiary acquired, the difference is recognized directly in the income statement.

  

Inter-company transactions, balances and unrealized gains on transactions between MassRoots’ companies are eliminated. Unrealized losses are also eliminated unless the transaction provides evidence of an impairment of the asset transferred.

Advertising

Advertising

 

The Company follows the policy of charging the costs of advertising to expense as incurred. For the three months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017, the Company charged to operations $36,407 and $302,809, respectively, as advertising expense. For the nine months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017, the Company charged to operations $468,958 and $865,052, respectively, as advertising expense.

Stock Based Compensation

Stock Based Compensation

 

The Company measures the cost of services received in exchange for an award of equity instruments based on the fair value of the award. For employees and directors, the fair value of the award is measured on the grant date and for non-employees, the fair value of the award is generally re-measured on vesting dates and interim financial reporting dates until the service period is complete. The fair value amount is then recognized over the period during which services are required to be provided in exchange for the award, usually the vesting period.

Long-Lived Assets

Long-Lived Assets

 

The Company reviews its property and equipment and any identifiable intangibles for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of an asset may not be recoverable. The test for impairment is required to be performed by management at least annually. Recoverability of assets to be held and used is measured by a comparison of the carrying amount of an asset to the future undiscounted operating cash flow expected to be generated by the asset. If such assets are considered to be impaired, the impairment to be recognized is measured by the amount by which the carrying amount of the asset exceeds the fair value of the asset. Long-lived assets to be disposed of are reported at the lower of carrying amount or fair value less costs to sell. Intangible assets are stated at cost and reviewed annually to examine any impairments, usually assuming an estimated useful lives of three to five years. When retired or otherwise disposed, the related carrying value and accumulated depreciation are removed from the respective accounts and the net difference less any amount realized from disposition, is reflected in earnings.

Indefinite Lived Intangibles and Goodwill Assets

Indefinite Lived Intangibles and Goodwill Assets

 

The Company accounts for business combinations under the acquisition method of accounting in accordance with ASC 805, “Business Combinations,” where the total purchase price is allocated to the tangible and identified intangible assets acquired and liabilities assumed based on their estimated fair values. The purchase price is allocated using the information currently available, and may be adjusted, up to one year from acquisition date, after obtaining more information regarding, among other things, asset valuations, liabilities assumed and revisions to preliminary estimates. The purchase price in excess of the fair value of the tangible and identified intangible assets acquired less liabilities assumed is recognized as goodwill.

 

The Company tests for indefinite lived intangibles and goodwill impairment in the fourth quarter of each year and whenever events or circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of the asset exceeds its fair value and may not be recoverable.

Segment Reporting

Segment Reporting

 

Operating segments are defined as components of an enterprise for which separate financial information is available and evaluated regularly by the Chief Executive Officer, or decision-making group, in deciding the method to allocate resources and assess performance. The Company currently has one reportable segment for financial reporting purposes, which represents the Company’s core business.

Net Earnings (Loss) Per Common Share

Net Earnings (Loss) Per Common Share

 

The Company computes earnings (loss) per share under ASC subtopic 260-10, Earnings Per Share. Net loss per common share is computed by dividing net loss by the weighted average number of shares of common stock outstanding during the year. Diluted earnings per share, if presented, would include the dilution that would occur upon the exercise or conversion of all potentially dilutive securities into common stock using the “treasury stock” and/or “if converted” methods as applicable.

 

The computation of basic and diluted income (loss) per share, for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017 excludes potentially dilutive securities when their inclusion would be anti-dilutive, or if their exercise prices were greater than the average market price of the common stock during the period.

 

Potentially dilutive securities excluded from the computation of basic and diluted net loss per share are as follows:

 

   Sept 30,
2018
   Sept 30,
2017
 
Common stock issuable upon conversion of convertible debentures   6,600,000    3,538,894 
Options to purchase common stock   27,357,765    14,574,977 
Warrants to purchase common stock   41,226,339    11,864,347 
Totals   75,184,104    29,978,218 
Reclassification

Reclassification  

 

Certain reclassifications have been made to the prior years’ data to conform to the current year presentation. These reclassifications had no effect on reported income (losses).

Recent Accounting Pronouncements

Recent Accounting Pronouncements

  

FASB Accounting Standards Updates (“ASU”) 2017-01 (Topic 805), “Business Combinations: Clarifying the Definition of a Business” – Issued in January 2017, ASU 2017-01 revises the definition of a business and provides new guidance in evaluating when a set of transferred assets and activities is a business. This guidance was effective for the Company in the first fiscal quarter of 2018. The Company believes the standard does not have a material impact on its consolidated financial statements and related disclosures.

 

FASB ASU 2016-15, “Classification of Certain Cash Receipts and Cash Payments (a consensus of the Emerging Issues Task Force)” – Issued in August 2016, the amendments in ASU 2016-15 address eight specific cash flow issues and apply to all entities that are required to present a statement of cash flows under ASC Topic 230, “Statement of Cash Flows”. The amendments in ASU 2016-15 are effective for public business entities for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2017, and interim periods within those fiscal years. The Company has adopted this guidance and does not believe it materially impacts its consolidated financial statements and related disclosures.

 

FASB ASU No. 2014-09 (Topic 606), “Revenue from Contracts with Customers” – Issued in May 2014, ASU 2014-09 will require an entity to recognize revenue when it transfers promised goods or services to customers using a five-step model that requires entities to exercise judgment when considering the terms of the contracts. In August 2015, the FASB issued ASU No. 2015-14, “Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606): Deferral of the Effective Date”. This amendment defers the effective date of ASU 2014-09 by one year. In March 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-08, “Principal versus Agent Considerations (Reporting Gross versus Net)”, which amends the principal versus agent guidance and clarifies that the analysis must focus on whether the entity has control of the goods or services before they are transferred to the customer. In addition, the FASB issued ASU Nos. 2016-20, “Technical Corrections and Improvements to Topic 606, Revenue from Contracts with Customers” and 2016-12, “Narrow-Scope Improvements and Practical Expedients”, both of which provide additional clarification of certain provisions in Topic 606. These ASUs are effective for annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2017; however, early adoption is permitted as of annual reporting periods after December 15, 2016. The standard permits the use of either the retrospective or cumulative effect transition method.

 

The Company has applied the guidance using the modified retrospective transition method. The Company does not believe the adoption of ASU 2014-09 had a material impact on the Company’s financial position or results of operations but such adoption resulted in additional disclosures regarding the Company’s revenue recognition policies. The Company also does not believe the adoption of ASU 2014-09 required material or significant changes to its internal controls over financial reporting. In connection with the application of that guidance and the adoption of ASU 2014-09, the Company has expanded its revenue recognition inquiries and updated its questionnaires to identify matters that would signal variable consideration implications under the new guidance.

 

FASB ASU No. 2014-15, “Disclosure of Uncertainties about an Entities Ability to Continue as a Going Concern, which is included in ASC 205, Presentation of Financial Statements” – Issued in August 2014, this update provides an explicit requirement for management to assess an entity’s ability to continue as an ongoing concern, and to provide related footnote disclosures in certain circumstances.

 

The amendments are effective for annual periods ending after December 15, 2016, and interim periods within annual periods beginning after December 15, 2016. Early application is permitted for annual or interim reporting periods for which the financial statements have not previously been issued. The Company has adopted this standard and included the necessary disclosures in the footnotes to its financial statements. The adoption of this standard has not had a material impact on the Company’s financial position and results of operations.

 

FASB ASU 2016-02, Leases (Topic 842) - ASU 2016-02 requires that a lessee recognize the assets and liabilities that arise from operating leases. A lessee should recognize in the statement of financial position a liability to make lease payments (the lease liability) and a right-of-use asset representing its right to use the underlying asset for the lease term. For leases with a term of twelve months or less, a lessee is permitted to make an accounting policy election by class of underlying asset not to recognize lease assets and lease liabilities. In transition, lessees and lessors are required to recognize and measure leases at the beginning of the earliest period presented using a modified retrospective approach. Public business entities should apply the amendments in ASU 2016-02 for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2018, including interim periods within those fiscal years (i.e., January 1, 2019, for a calendar year entity). Early application is permitted for all public business entities and all nonpublic business entities upon issuance. The adoption of this standard is not expected to have a material impact on the Company’s financial position and results of operations.

 

FASB ASU No. 2016-09, “Improvements to Employee Share-Based Payment Accounting” - The amendment is part of the FASB’s simplification initiative and is intended to simplify the accounting around share-based payment award transactions. The amendments include changing the recording of excess tax benefits from being recognized as a part of surplus capital to being charged directly to the income statement, changing the classification of excess tax benefits within the statement of cash flows, and allowing companies to account for forfeitures on an actual basis, as well as tax withholding changes. The amendments in this update are effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2016, including interim periods within those fiscal years. The adoption of this standard has not had a material impact on the Company’s financial position and results of operations.

 

FASB issued ASU No. 2016-18, Statement of Cash Flows (Topic 230): Restricted Cash (a consensus of the FASB Emerging Issues Task Force) – Adopted in November 2016, this ASU requires that the reconciliation of the beginning-of-period and end-of-period amounts shown in the statement of cash flows include cash and restricted cash equivalents. This ASU is effective for public business entities for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2017, and interim periods within those fiscal years. The adoption of this standard is not expected to have a material impact on the Company’s financial position and results of operations.

 

FASB issued ASU 2017-11, Earnings Per Share (“ASC 260”), Distinguishing Liabilities from Equity (“ASC 480”), and Derivatives and Hedging (“ASC 815”) – Adopted in July 2017, ASU No. 2017-11 is intended to simplify the accounting for financial instruments with characteristics of liabilities and equity. Among the issues addressed are: (i) determining whether an instrument (or embedded feature) is indexed to an entity’s own stock; (ii) distinguishing liabilities from equity for mandatorily redeemable financial instruments of certain nonpublic entities; and (iii) identifying mandatorily redeemable non-controlling interests. The Company has adopted ASU No. 2017-11 effective as of January 1, 2018. The adoption of ASU No. 2017-11 has eliminated the derivative liabilities from the Company’s financial statements. The adoption of this standard has not had a material impact on the Company’s financial position and results of operations.

 

FASB ASU No. 2018-07 (Topic 718), “Compensation—Stock Compensation: Improvements to Nonemployee Share-Based Payment Accounting” – Issued in June 2018, ASU 2018-07 expands the scope of Topic 718 to include share-based payment transactions for acquiring goods and services from nonemployees. The amendments also clarify that Topic 718 does not apply to share-based payments used to effectively provide (1) financing to the issuer or (2) awards granted in conjunction with selling goods or services to customers as part of a contract accounted for under Topic 606. The new standard will be effective for the Company on January 1, 2019. Early adoption is permitted. We do not expect adoption of this guidance will have a material impact on the Company’s consolidated financial condition or results of operations.

 

There are other various updates recently issued, most of which represented technical corrections to the accounting literature or application to specific industries and are not expected to have a material impact on the Company’s financial position, results of operations or cash flows.