<SEC-DOCUMENT>0001144204-16-099249.txt : 20160505
<SEC-HEADER>0001144204-16-099249.hdr.sgml : 20160505
<ACCEPTANCE-DATETIME>20160505161518
ACCESSION NUMBER:		0001144204-16-099249
CONFORMED SUBMISSION TYPE:	8-K
PUBLIC DOCUMENT COUNT:		3
CONFORMED PERIOD OF REPORT:	20160505
ITEM INFORMATION:		Results of Operations and Financial Condition
ITEM INFORMATION:		Financial Statements and Exhibits
FILED AS OF DATE:		20160505
DATE AS OF CHANGE:		20160505

FILER:

	COMPANY DATA:	
		COMPANY CONFORMED NAME:			Synthetic Biologics, Inc.
		CENTRAL INDEX KEY:			0000894158
		STANDARD INDUSTRIAL CLASSIFICATION:	PHARMACEUTICAL PREPARATIONS [2834]
		IRS NUMBER:				133808303
		STATE OF INCORPORATION:			NV
		FISCAL YEAR END:			1231

	FILING VALUES:
		FORM TYPE:		8-K
		SEC ACT:		1934 Act
		SEC FILE NUMBER:	001-12584
		FILM NUMBER:		161623858

	BUSINESS ADDRESS:	
		STREET 1:		617 DETROIT STREET, SUITE 100
		CITY:			ANN ARBOR
		STATE:			MI
		ZIP:			48104
		BUSINESS PHONE:		(734) 332-7800

	MAIL ADDRESS:	
		STREET 1:		155 GIBBS STREET
		STREET 2:		SUITE 412
		CITY:			ROCKVILLE
		STATE:			MD
		ZIP:			20850

	FORMER COMPANY:	
		FORMER CONFORMED NAME:	ADEONA PHARMACEUTICALS, INC.
		DATE OF NAME CHANGE:	20081027

	FORMER COMPANY:	
		FORMER CONFORMED NAME:	PIPEX PHARMACEUTICALS, INC.
		DATE OF NAME CHANGE:	20061214

	FORMER COMPANY:	
		FORMER CONFORMED NAME:	SHEFFIELD PHARMACEUTICALS INC
		DATE OF NAME CHANGE:	19970730
</SEC-HEADER>
<DOCUMENT>
<TYPE>8-K
<SEQUENCE>1
<FILENAME>v438930_8-k.htm
<DESCRIPTION>FORM 8-K
<TEXT>
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<P STYLE="margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: center">&nbsp;<B> SECURITIES
AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: center"><B>Washington, D.C. 20549</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: center"><B>&nbsp;</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: center"><B>FORM 8-K</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: center">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: center"><B>CURRENT REPORT</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: center"><B>Pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d)</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: center"><B>of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: center">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: center">Date of Report (Date of earliest event reported):
May 5, 2016</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: center">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: center"><B>SYNTHETIC BIOLOGICS, INC.</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: center">(Exact name of registrant as specified in
its charter)</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center; text-indent: 37.4pt">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse">
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="width: 33%; border-bottom: black 1pt solid; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Nevada</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 1%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 32%; border-bottom: black 1pt solid; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">001-12584</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 1%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 33%; border-bottom: black 1pt solid; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">13-3808303</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation)</FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">(Commission File No.)</FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">(I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)</FONT></TD></TR>
</TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: center"><B>9605 Medical Center Drive, Suite 270</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: center"><B>Rockville, MD 20850</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: center">(Address of principal executive offices
and zip code)</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: center">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: center">Registrant&rsquo;s telephone number, including
area code:&nbsp;(310) 417-4364</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: center">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: center">N/A&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: center">(Former name or former address, if changed
since last report)</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center; text-indent: 40.7pt">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">Check the appropriate box below if the
Form 8-K filing is intended to simultaneously satisfy the filing obligation of the registrant under any of the following provisions:</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 40.7pt">&nbsp;</P>

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<TD STYLE="width: 0in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Wingdings">&#168;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Written
communications pursuant to Rule 425 under the Securities Act (17 CFR 230.425)</FONT></TD>
</TR></TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 27.5pt">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; text-align: justify">
<TD STYLE="width: 0in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Wingdings">&#168;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Soliciting
material pursuant to Rule 14a-12 under the Exchange Act (17 CFR 240.14a-12)</FONT></TD>
</TR></TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 27.5pt">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; text-align: justify">
<TD STYLE="width: 0in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Wingdings">&#168;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Pre-commencement
communications pursuant to Rule 14d-2(b) under the Exchange Act (17 CFR 240.14d-2(b))</FONT></TD>
</TR></TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 27.5pt">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; text-align: justify">
<TD STYLE="width: 0in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Wingdings">&#168;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Pre-commencement
communications pursuant to Rule 13e-4(c) under the Exchange Act (17 CFR 240.13e-4(c))</FONT></TD>
</TR></TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 13.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 40.7pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 13.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 40.7pt">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 13.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 40.7pt"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><B>&nbsp;</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><B>Item 2.02 - Results of Operations and
Financial Condition.</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 40.7pt">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">On May 5, 2016, Synthetic Biologics, Inc.,
a Nevada corporation, (the &ldquo;Registrant&quot;) issued the attached press release that included financial information for the
three months ended March 31, 2016. A copy of the press release is attached as Exhibit 99.1 to this Report on Form 8-K. The information
contained in the press release is being furnished to the Commission and shall not be deemed incorporated by reference into any
of the Registrant&rsquo;s registration statements or other filings with the Commission.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 40.7pt">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><B>Item 9.01&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Financial Statements and Exhibits.</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 40.7pt">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse">
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="width: 10%"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">(d)&nbsp;Exhibits.&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 90%">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Exhibit 99.1&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Press Release issued by Synthetic Biologics, Inc. dated May 5, 2016.</FONT></TD></TR>
</TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 40.7pt">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 40.7pt">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 40.7pt"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 40.7pt">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 40.7pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><B><U>SIGNATURES</U></B> &nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center; text-indent: 40.7pt">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities
Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned hereunto duly authorized.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 40.7pt">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse">
<TR STYLE="background-color: white">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">SYNTHETIC BIOLOGICS, INC.</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="background-color: white">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="background-color: white">
    <TD STYLE="width: 50%"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Date: May 5, 2016</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 5%"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">By:</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 45%; border-bottom: black 1pt solid"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">/s/ Steven A. Shallcross</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="background-color: white">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Name:&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Steven A. Shallcross</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="background-color: white">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Title:</FONT></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Chief Financial Officer</FONT></TD></TR>
</TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 40.7pt">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 40.7pt">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 40.7pt"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><B>EXHIBIT INDEX</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center; text-indent: 40.7pt">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse">
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="width: 10%; text-decoration: underline; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><U>Exhibit No.</U></FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 90%; text-decoration: underline"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><U>Exhibits.</U></FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">99.1</FONT></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Press Release issued by Synthetic Biologics, Inc. dated May 5, 2016.</FONT></TD></TR>
</TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 40.7pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</P>

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<TYPE>EX-99.1
<SEQUENCE>2
<FILENAME>v438930_ex99-1.htm
<DESCRIPTION>EXHIBIT 99.1
<TEXT>
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<P STYLE="margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="margin: 0; text-align: right"><B>Exhibit 99.1</B></P>

<P STYLE="margin-top: 0; text-align: center; margin-bottom: 0"><IMG SRC="image_001.jpg" ALT="">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="margin: 0"></P>

<P STYLE="margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="margin: 0"></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: center"><B>Synthetic Biologics Reports First Quarter
2016 Operational Highlights and Financial Results</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: center"><B><I>&nbsp;</I></B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: center"><B><I>-- Positioned to Initiate Phase 3
Clinical Trial for SYN-010 for the</I></B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: center"><B><I>Treatment of Irritable Bowel Syndrome
with Constipation (IBS-C) in 2H 2016 --</I></B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: center"><B><I>&nbsp;</I></B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: center; margin-bottom: 0pt"><B><I>-- Two SYN-010 Posters Scheduled for Presentation
at Digestive Disease Week (DDW 2016),</I></B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: center"><B><I>Including Additional Positive Results
from Two Phase 2 Clinical Trials --</I></B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: center"><B><I>&nbsp;</I></B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: center"><B><I>-- Conference Call Today, May 5, 2016,
at 4:30 p.m. (EDT) --</I></B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><B>&nbsp;</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><B>For Immediate Release</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><B>&nbsp;</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="color: windowtext"><B>Rockville,
MD, May 5, 2016 &ndash;</B> </FONT><FONT STYLE="color: Blue"><U>Synthetic Biologics, Inc.</U></FONT><FONT STYLE="color: windowtext">
(NYSE MKT: SYN), </FONT>a clinical stage company focused on developing therapeutics to protect the gut microbiome,<FONT STYLE="color: windowtext">
today provided an operational update and reported financial results for the three months ended March 31, 2016.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0.7in 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&ldquo;Our momentum from 2015 carried into
the first quarter of 2016, as we continued to make important clinical progress in our microbiome-focused programs. During the quarter,
we announced positive topline results from the second Phase 2 clinical trial of SYN-010 in patients with IBS-C. We are scheduled
to present detailed data supporting previously reported positive topline data from both SYN-010 Phase 2 clinical trials in a poster
presentation at DDW 2016 later this month. We also look forward to holding an end of Phase 2 meeting with the FDA this summer to
discuss late-stage clinical trials of our SYN-010 program,&rdquo; said Jeffrey Riley, President and Chief Executive Officer of
Synthetic Biologics. &ldquo;With this sustained progress, we are well positioned to initiate Phase 3 clinical trials of SYN-010
during the second half of this year.&rdquo;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">Mr. Riley continued, &ldquo;We&rsquo;ve
also made important strides with our program to prevent <I>C. difficile</I> infection and antibiotic-associated diarrhea. Patient
enrollment is complete in the second Phase 2a clinical trial designed to evaluate the GI antibiotic-degrading ability and the safety
of SYN-004 in the presence of a proton pump inhibitor. In addition, patient recruitment in our Phase 2b proof-of-concept clinical
trial for SYN-004 has been strong as we have enrolled approximately 185 patients in this global clinical trial. We look forward
to further progress in our SYN-004 clinical trials and are expecting topline results from the second Phase 2a clinical trial during
the second quarter of 2016 and an interim analysis of blinded data performed by an independent data monitoring committee for the
Phase 2b clinical trial this summer.&rdquo;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><B><U>Microbiome-Focused Clinical Program
Progress</U> </B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><B>&nbsp;</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><B>SYN-010 &ndash; Treatment of irritable
bowel syndrome with constipation (IBS-C):</B></P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Symbol">&middot;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Plan to initiate Phase 3 clinical trial(s)
(2H 2016)</FONT></TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Symbol">&middot;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Intend to hold an end of Phase 2 meeting
with FDA (Summer 2016)</FONT></TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><B>&nbsp;</B></P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Symbol">&middot;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Mark Pimentel, MD, FRCP(C), Director of
the GI Motility Program and Laboratory at Cedars-Sinai, scheduled to present detailed data supporting previously reported positive
topline data from two Phase 2 clinical trials in a poster presentation at DDW 2016 (May 2016)</FONT></TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><B>&nbsp;</B></P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Symbol">&middot;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Reported positive topline data from second
Phase 2 clinical trial &ndash; 8-week open-label treatment of all patients with SYN-010 (42 mg) (1Q 2016), including:</FONT></TD></TR></TABLE>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in">o</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify">A statistically significant decrease in methane production (p=0.002) from the beginning of the
first Phase 2 clinical trial to the end of the second Phase 2 clinical trial, meeting the primary endpoint</TD></TR></TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><B>&nbsp;</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><B>&nbsp;</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><B></B></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><B>&nbsp;</B></P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in">o</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify">A statistically significant reduction in the mean IBS Symptom Severity Score (IBS-SSS; p&lt;0.0001),
which includes abdominal pain, bloating, stool frequency and quality of life scores, was observed for all patients from baseline
of the first Phase 2 randomized clinical trial to the end of the second Phase 2 open-label clinical trial</TD></TR></TABLE>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in">o</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify">An increase in the percentage of patients identified as Monthly Responders, an FDA-defined composite
measure incorporating improvements in complete spontaneous bowel movements and abdominal pain<SUP>i</SUP></TD></TR></TABLE>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in">o</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify">No serious adverse events were observed</TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify"><B>&nbsp;</B></P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Symbol">&middot;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Received Type C meeting responses from
FDA regarding late-stage aspects of clinical pathway (2Q 2016)</FONT></TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.25in; text-align: justify"><B>&nbsp;</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><B>SYN-004 &ndash; Prevention of <I>C.
difficile</I> infection (CDI), antibiotic-associated diarrhea (AAD) and emergence of antibiotic-resistant organisms:</B></P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Symbol">&middot;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify">Plan to initiate Phase 3 clinical trial(s) (1H 2017)</TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Symbol">&middot;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify">Continued enrollment in Phase 2b proof-of-concept clinical trial</TD></TR></TABLE>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in">o</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify">Intended to evaluate the ability of SYN-004 to prevent CDI, <I>C. difficile</I>-associated diarrhea
(CDAD) and AAD in patients hospitalized with a lower respiratory tract infection and receiving intravenous (IV) ceftriaxone</TD></TR></TABLE>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">o</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify">A randomized, placebo-controlled clinical trial designed to enroll up to ~370 patients at up to
75 global clinical sites</TD></TR></TABLE>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">o</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify">Enrolled approximately 185 patients across global sites to date</TD></TR></TABLE>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">o</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify">Anticipate an interim analysis of blinded data performed by an independent data monitoring committee
(Summer 2016)</TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Symbol">&middot;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify">Completed enrollment in second Phase 2a clinical trial</TD></TR></TABLE>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">o</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify">Intended to evaluate the GI antibiotic-degrading ability and safety of SYN-004 in the presence
of the proton pump inhibitor (PPI), esomeprazole, in healthy participants with functioning ileostomies</TD></TR></TABLE>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">o</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify">Anticipate reporting topline results (2Q 2016)</TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><B>&nbsp;</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><B><U>Quarter Ended March 31, 2016 Financial
Results</U></B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">General and administrative expenses were
$2.4 million for the three months ended March 31, 2016, compared to $1.7 million for the same period in 2015. This increase was
primarily the result of increased employee costs associated with the transition of the administrative and financial office to Maryland
headquarters, and increased legal fees and stock-based compensation expense. Non-cash charges related to stock-based compensation
were $643,000 for the three months ended March 31, 2016, compared to $582,000 for the same period in 2015.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">Research and development expenses were
$8.2 million for the three months ended March 31, 2016, compared to $6.5 million for the same period in 2015. This increase was
primarily the result of increased Phase 2 program costs associated with expanded clinical development, manufacturing and research
activities within our microbiome-focused pipeline. Non-cash charges related to stock-based compensation were $409,000 for the three
months ended March 31, 2016, compared to $246,000 for the same period in 2015.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">Other expense was $497,000 for the three
months ended March 31, 2016, compared to $4.2 million for the same period in 2015. Other expense for the three months ended March
31, 2016 was due to non-cash expense of $498,000 from the change in fair value of warrants. The increase in the fair value of the
warrants was due to the increase in the stock price from the year ended December 31, 2015. Non-cash expense related to fair value
of warrants for the three months ended March 31, 2015 was $4.2 million.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">Cash and cash equivalents at March 31,
2016 were $15.1 million, compared to $20.8 million at December 31, 2015.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><B>&nbsp;</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><B></B></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><B>&nbsp;</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><B><U>Conference Call</U></B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">Synthetic Biologics will hold a conference
call today, Thursday, May 5<B>, 2016, at 4:30 p.m. (EDT).</B> The dial-in information for the call is as follows, U.S. toll free:
1-888-347-5280 or International: +1 412-902-4280. Participants are asked to dial in 15 minutes before the start of the call to
register. The call will also be webcast over the Internet at <FONT STYLE="color: Blue"><U>https://www.webcaster4.com/Webcast/Page/1096/14380</U></FONT>.
An archive of the call will be available for replay at the same URL, <FONT STYLE="color: Blue"><U>https://www.webcaster4.com/Webcast/Page/1096/14380</U></FONT>,
for 90 days after the call.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><B>&nbsp;</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><B>About Synthetic Biologics, Inc.</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">Synthetic Biologics, Inc. (NYSE MKT: SYN)
is a clinical stage company developing therapeutics to protect the gut microbiome while targeting pathogen-specific diseases.
The Company's lead product candidates in Phase 2 development are: (1) SYN-010 which is intended to reduce the impact of methane-producing
organisms in the gut microbiome to treat an underlying cause of irritable bowel syndrome with constipation (IBS-C) and (2) SYN-004
which is designed to protect the gut microbiome from the effects of certain commonly used intravenous (IV) beta-lactam antibiotics
for the prevention of <I>C. difficile</I> infection (CDI) and antibiotic-associated diarrhea (AAD). In collaboration with Intrexon
Corporation, the Company is also developing preclinical stage monoclonal antibody therapies for the prevention and treatment of
pertussis and novel discovery stage biotherapeutics for the treatment of phenylketonuria (PKU). For more information, please visit
Synthetic Biologics&rsquo; website at <FONT STYLE="color: Blue"><U>www.syntheticbiologics.com</U></FONT>.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><I>This press release contains forward-looking
statements within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. In some cases forward-looking statements
can be identified by terminology such as &quot;may,&quot; &quot;should,&quot; &quot;potential,&quot; &quot;continue,&quot; &quot;expects,&quot;
&quot;anticipates,&quot; &quot;intends,&quot; &quot;plans,&quot; &quot;believes,&quot; &quot;estimates,&quot; and similar expressions,
and include statements regarding the expected initiation of Phase 3 clinical trials for SYN-010 and SYN-004 and the timing of the
initiation, the reporting of additional data supporting the previously reported positive topline data from both Phase 2 clinical
trials of SYN-010 at DDW, the reporting of progress in the two ongoing Phase 2 clinical trials for SYN-004, holding an end of Phase
2 meeting with the FDA regarding SYN-010, continued enrollment in Phase 2b proof-of-concept clinical trial for SYN-004 which is
anticipated to enroll up to 370 patients at up to 75 global sites, anticipated interim analysis of blinded data form the Phase
2b trial this summer by an independent data monitoring committee, anticipated reporting of topline results from the second Phase
2a clinical trial of SYN-004 in the second quarter of 2016 and the potential benefits of SYN-004 and SYN-010. These forward-looking
statements are based on management&rsquo;s expectations and assumptions as of the date of this press release and are subject to
a number of substantial risks and uncertainties, many of which are difficult to predict and could cause actual results to differ
materially and adversely from current expectations and assumptions from those set forth, projected or implied by any forward-looking
statements. Important factors that could cause actual results to differ materially from current expectations include, among others,
a failure to receive the necessary regulatory approvals for commercialization of Synthetic Biologics&rsquo; therapeutics, a failure
of Synthetic Biologics&rsquo; clinical trials, and those conducted by investigators, for SYN-004 and SYN-010 to be commenced or
completed on time or to achieve desired results and benefits, a failure of Synthetic Biologics&rsquo; clinical trials to continue
enrollment as expected or receive anticipated funding, a failure of Synthetic Biologics to successfully develop, market or sell
its products, Synthetic Biologics&rsquo; inability to maintain its material licensing agreements, or a failure by Synthetic Biologics
or its strategic partners to successfully commercialize products and other factors described in Synthetic Biologics&rsquo; most
recent Form 10-K that was filed with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) on March 10, 2016, and its other filings
with the SEC, including subsequent periodic reports on Forms 10-Q and 8-K. The information in this release is provided only as
of the date of this release, and Synthetic Biologics undertakes no obligation to revise or update any forward-looking statements
contained in this release on account of new information, future events, or otherwise, except as required by law.</I></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><I>&nbsp;</I></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><B><I>For further information, please contact:</I></B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><I>&nbsp;</I></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">Synthetic Biologics, Inc. (Corporate and
Investors)</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">Kris Maly, Vice President, Corporate Communication,
(734) 332-7800, <FONT STYLE="color: Blue"><U>info@syntheticbiologics.com</U></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">Vincent I. Perrone, Manager, Corporate
Communication, (240) 660-2000, <FONT STYLE="color: Blue"><U>info@syntheticbiologics.com</U></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">KCSA Strategic Communications (Media)</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">Lewis Goldberg, Managing Partner, (212)
896-1216, <FONT STYLE="color: Blue"><U>lgoldberg@kcsa.com</U></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">Caitlin Kasunich, Account Director, (212)
896-1241, <FONT STYLE="color: Blue"><U>ckasunich@kcsa.com</U></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><I>&nbsp;</I></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: center"><I>- Financial Tables Follow -</I><BR CLEAR="ALL">
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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><B>Synthetic Biologics, Inc. and Subsidiaries</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><B><I>(in thousands, except share and per
share amounts)</I></B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

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<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD COLSPAN="9" STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center">March 31,</TD><TD STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center">December 31,</TD><TD STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid">2016</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt; font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid">2015</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt; font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center">(unaudited)</TD><TD STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Assets</TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="width: 74%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Cash and cash equivalents</TD><TD STYLE="width: 1%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 1%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">$</TD><TD STYLE="width: 10%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right">15,100</TD><TD STYLE="width: 1%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="width: 1%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 1%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">$</TD><TD STYLE="width: 10%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right">20,818</TD><TD STYLE="width: 1%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Prepaid expenses and other current assets</TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right">7,116</TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right">9,519</TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Property and equipment, net</TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right">501</TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right">494</TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Deposits and other assets</TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right">26</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right">14</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left; padding-bottom: 2.5pt">Total Assets</TD><TD STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">$</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right">22,743</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">$</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right">30,845</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">Liabilities and Stockholders&rsquo; Equity</TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Current liabilities</TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">$</TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right">17,526</TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">$</TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right">15,575</TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Long-term deferred rent</TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right">240</TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right">267</TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Total stockholders&rsquo; equity</TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right">4,977</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right">15,003</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left; padding-bottom: 2.5pt">Total Liabilities and Stockholders&rsquo; Equity</TD><TD STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">$</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right">22,743</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">$</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right">30,845</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
</TABLE>



<P STYLE="margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="margin: 0"></P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations</TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="6" STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: center">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="6" STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid">For the three months ended<BR> March 31,</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt; font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid">2016</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt; font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid">2015</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt; font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="6" STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center">(unaudited)</TD><TD STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">Operating Costs and Expenses</TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="width: 74%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;General and administrative</TD><TD STYLE="width: 1%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 1%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">$</TD><TD STYLE="width: 10%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right">2,426</TD><TD STYLE="width: 1%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="width: 1%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 1%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">$</TD><TD STYLE="width: 10%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right">1,713</TD><TD STYLE="width: 1%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Research and development</TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right">8,155</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right">6,494</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1pt">Total Operating Costs and Expenses</TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right">10,581</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right">8,207</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1pt">Loss from Operations</TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right">(10,581</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">)</TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right">(8,207</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">)</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">Other Income (Expense)</TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Change in fair value of warrant liability</TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right">(498</TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">)</TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right">(4,152</TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">)</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Interest income</TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right">1</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right">1</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1pt">Total Other Expense, net</TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right">(497</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">)</TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right">(4,151</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">)</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><B>&nbsp;</B></P><P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><B>Net Loss </B></P></TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right">(11,078</TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">)</TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right">(12,358</TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">)</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1pt">Net Loss Attributable to Non-controlling Interest</TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right">(233</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">)</TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right">-</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left; padding-bottom: 2.5pt">Net Loss Attributable to Synthetic Biologics, Inc. and Subsidiaries</TD><TD STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">$</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right">(10,845</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">)</TD><TD STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">$</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right">(12,358</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">)</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left; padding-bottom: 2.5pt">Net Loss Per Share - Basic and Dilutive</TD><TD STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">$</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right">(0.12</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">)</TD><TD STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">$</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right">(0.17</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">)</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left; padding-bottom: 2.5pt">Weighted average number of common shares outstanding during the period - Basic and Dilutive</TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right">90,826,752</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right">72,673,959</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
</TABLE>


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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">&nbsp;</P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"># # #</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">&nbsp;</P>

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<!-- Field: Rule-Page --><DIV ALIGN="LEFT" STYLE="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 3pt"><DIV STYLE="font-size: 1pt; border-top: Black 1pt solid; width: 25%">&nbsp;</DIV></DIV><!-- Field: /Rule-Page -->

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><SUP>i</SUP> A Monthly Responder is defined
as a patient who has a Weekly Response in at least 50% of the weeks of treatment during the month. A Weekly Responder is defined
as a patient who experiences a decrease in weekly average score for worst abdominal pain in the past 24 hours of at least 30% compared
with Study 1 Baseline and a stool frequency increase of 1 or more CSBM per week compared with Study 1 Baseline.</P>


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