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Income Taxes | 12 Months Ended
--- | ---
Dec. 31, 2023
Income Taxes [Abstract] |
Income taxes | 17. Income Taxes The components of income tax expense (benefit) are as follows:
Years ended December 31, |  | 2023 |  | 2022
Current: |  | $ | — |  | $ | —
Kingdom of Lesotho |  |  | — |  |  | —
Republic of Malta |  |  | — |  |  | —
United Kingdom |  |  | — |  |  | —
|  | $ | — |  | $ | —
A reconciliation of the expected income tax recovery to the actual income tax recovery is as follows: Deferred tax assets and liabilities have not been recognized for the following:
Years ended December 31, |  | 2023 |  | 2022
Net loss before income taxes: |  | $ | (32,275,070 | ) |  | $ | (11,657,674 | )
Statutory income tax rate |  |  | 26.50 | % |  |  | 26.50 | %
Income tax benefit |  |  | (8,552,894 | ) |  |  | (3,089,284 | )
Non-deductible items |  |  | 7,671,563 |  |  |  | 1,664,757 |
Non-taxable items |  |  | (759,559 | ) |  |  | (3,420,469 | )
Foreign rate differential |  |  | 1,630,735 |  |  |  | (323,877 | )
Unrecognized loss carryforwards |  |  | 10,155 |  |  |  | 5,168,873 |
|  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |
The Company has reconciled to the average statutory tax rate of the Kingdom of Lesotho (10%), the Republic of Malta (35%), the United Kingdom (25%), and the Republic of Portugal (21%). Deferred tax assets
At December 31, |  | 2023 |  | 2022
Net operating loss before carryforwards |  | $ | — |  | $ | —
Unrecognized loss carryforwards |  | $ | — |  | $ | —
Deferred tax assets have not been recognized in respect of unutilized tax losses carried forward because it is not probable that future taxable profit will be available against which the Company can use the benefits therefrom.

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