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Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Policies)
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2024
Summary of Significant Accounting Policies  
Basis of presentation and principals of consolidation

Basis of presentation and principals of consolidation – The consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles in the United States of America (“GAAP”) and the applicable rules and regulations of the United States Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) and include the accounts of the Company and its wholly owned subsidiaries, SG Building Blocks, Inc., SG Residential, In, SG Environmental and SG Echo, LLC. All intercompany balances and transactions are eliminated. Investments in 50% or less owned partnerships and affiliates are accounted for using the equity method unless it is determined that we have effective control of the entity, in which case we would consolidate the entity. Certain prior period amounts have been reclassified to conform to the current period’s presentation. 

Recently adopted accounting pronouncements

Recently adopted accounting pronouncements - New accounting pronouncements implemented by the Company are discussed below or in the related notes, where appropriate.

Accounting estimates

Accounting estimates – The preparation of consolidated financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates, judgements and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amount of revenues and expenses during the reporting period, together with amounts disclosed in the related notes to the financial statements. The Company's estimates used in these financial statements include, but are not limited to, revenue recognition, stock-based compensation, accounts receivable reserves, inventory valuations, goodwill, the valuation allowance related to the Company’s deferred tax assets, the carrying amount of intangible assets, right of use assets and the recoverability and useful lives of long-lived assets. Certain of the Company’s estimates could be affected by external conditions, including those unique to the Company and general economic conditions. It is reasonably possible that these external factors could have an effect on the Company’s estimates and could cause actual results to differ from those estimates.   

Operating cycle

Operating cycle – The length of the Company’s contracts varies, but is typically between six to twelve months.  In some instances, the length of the contract may exceed twelve months. Assets and liabilities relating to contracts are included in current assets and current liabilities, respectively, in the accompanying balance sheets as they will be liquidated in the normal course of contract completion, which at times could exceed one year.

Revenue recognition

Revenue recognition – The Company determines, at contract inception, whether it will transfer control of a promised good or service over time or at a point in time, regardless of the length of contract or other factors. The recognition of revenue aligns with the timing of when promised goods or services are transferred to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration to which the Company expects to be entitled in exchange for those goods or services. To achieve this core principle, the Company applies the following five steps in accordance with its revenue policy:


                (1)  Identify the contract with a customer

 

                (2)  Identify the performance obligations in the contract

 

                (3)  Determine the transaction price

 

                (4)  Allocate the transaction price to performance obligations in the contract

 

                (5)  Recognize revenue as performance obligations are satisfied


On certain contracts, the Company applies recognition of revenue over time, which is similar to the method the Company applied under previous guidance (i.e. percentage of completion). Due to uncertainties inherent in the estimation process, it is possible that estimates of costs to complete a performance obligation will be revised in the near-term. For those performance obligations for which revenue is recognized using a cost-to-cost input method, changes in total estimated costs, and related progress toward complete satisfaction of the performance obligation, are recognized on a cumulative catch-up basis in the period in which the revisions to the estimates are made. When the current estimate of total costs for a performance obligation indicate a loss, a provision for the entire estimated loss on the unsatisfied performance obligation is made in the period in which the loss becomes evident. 


Disaggregation of Revenues

 

The Company’s revenues are primarily derived from two segments, construction related to Modules. The Company's contracts are with customers in various industries. Revenue recognized over time were $4,976,618 and $16,523,080, respectively, for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023 respectively.


The following tables provide further disaggregation of the Company’s revenues by categories:

 


Year Ended December 31,

Revenue by Segments and Customer Type

2024


2023


Construction Segment:















Government
$


%

$ 1,087,545

7 %

Hotel/Hospitality

181,719

4 %


250,450

2 %

         Office

4,794,899

96



14,869,659

90


         Special Use

%



315,426

1

%

Total Construction Revenue Segment (includes engineering service revenue)
$
4,976,618

100 %

$ 16,523,080

100 %

Contract Assets and Contract Liabilities 


Accounts receivable are recognized in the period when the Company’s right to consideration is unconditional. Accounts receivable are recognized net of an allowance for credit losses. A considerable amount of judgment is required in assessing the likelihood of realization of receivables.  

 

The timing of revenue recognition may differ from the timing of invoicing to customers. 

 

Contract assets include unbilled amounts from long-term construction services when revenue recognized under the cost-to-cost measure of progress exceeds the amounts invoiced to customers, as the amounts cannot be billed under the terms of our contracts. Such amounts are recoverable from customers based upon various measures of performance, including achievement of certain milestones, completion of specified units or completion of a contract. Contract assets are generally classified as current within the consolidated balance sheets.  

 

Contract liabilities from construction and engineering contracts occur when amounts invoiced to customers exceed revenues recognized under the cost-to-cost measure of progress. Contract liabilities additionally include advanced payments from customers on certain contracts. Contract liabilities decrease as the Company recognizes revenue from the satisfaction of the related performance obligation. Contract liabilities are generally classified as current within the consolidated balance sheet.

 

Although the Company believes it has established adequate procedures for estimating costs to complete on open contracts, it is at least reasonably possible that additional significant costs could occur on contracts prior to completion. The Company periodically evaluates and revises its estimates and makes adjustments when they are considered necessary.


Deferred Contract Costs - The Company previously incurred total deferred contract costs of $203,926 related to a contract the Company had in the past. As of December 31, 2024, accumulated amortization related to deferred contract costs amounted to $203,926. During the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, amortization expense relating to the deferred contract costs amounted to $30,589 and $40,785 and is included in general and administrative expenses on the accompanying consolidated statements of operations.

Business Combinations

Business Combinations - The Company accounts for business acquisitions using the acquisition method of accounting in accordance with ASC 805 “Business Combinations”, which requires recognition and measurement of all identifiable assets acquired and liabilities assumed at their fair value as of the date control is obtained. The Company determines the fair value of assets acquired and liabilities assumed based upon its best estimates of the acquisition-date fair value of assets acquired and liabilities assumed in the acquisition. Goodwill represents the excess of the purchase price over the fair value of the net tangible and identifiable intangible assets acquired. Subsequent adjustments to fair value of any contingent consideration are recorded to the Company’s consolidated statements of operations. Costs that the Company incurs to complete the business combination are charged to general and administrative expenses as they are incurred.

Variable Interest Entities

Variable Interest Entities – The Company accounts for certain legal entities as variable interest entities (“VIE"). When evaluating a VIE for consolidation, the Company must determine whether or not there is a variable interest in the entity. Variable interests are investments or other interests that absorb portions of an entity’s expected losses or receive portions of the entity’s expected returns. If it is determined that the Company does not have a variable interest in the VIE, no further analysis is required and the VIE is not consolidated. If the Company holds a variable interest in a VIE, the Company consolidates the VIE when there is a controlling financial interest in the VIE and therefore are deemed to be the primary beneficiary. The Company is determined to have a controlling financial interest in a VIE when it has both the power to direct the activities of the VIE that most significantly impact the VIE economic performance and the obligation to absorb losses or the right to receive benefits of the VIE that could potentially be significant to that VIE. This determination is evaluated periodically as facts and circumstances change. 

 

On August 27, 2020 the Company entered into a joint venture agreement with Clarity Lab Solutions, LLC (“Clarity Labs”) (the “JV”).  In consideration and subject to Clarity Lab’s services and commitments and provided the agreement remains valid and in force, and is not terminated, the Company agreed to issue 200,000 restricted shares of the Company’s common stock over a defined vesting period starting in December 1, 2020. The restricted shares of the Company's common stock were not issued to Clarity Labs as certain capital commitments were not met. Clarity Labs is a licensed clinical laboratory that uses specialized molecular testing equipment and that focuses on the diagnosis and treatment of critical diseases, including COVID-19. Clarity Labs was also engaged in the business of manufacturing, importing and distributing various medical tests. Under the JV, the Company and Clarity Labs were to jointly market, sell, and distribute certain products and services (“Clarity Mobile Venture”). The Company has determined it is the primary beneficiary of Clarity Mobile Venture and has thus consolidated the activities in its consolidated financial statements. Due to the ongoing lower affects of COVID-19 restrictions, the JV was wound down during the fourth quarter of 2022 and there is no activity for the years ending December 31, 2024 or 2023.   


On January 18, 2021 the Company entered into an operating agreement to form CAT. The purpose of CAT is to market, sell, distribute, lease and otherwise commercially exploit certain products and services in the COVID-19 testing industry.  The Company has determined it is the primary beneficiary of CAT and has thus consolidated the activities in its consolidated financial statements. There is no activity from CAT for the years ending December 31, 2024 or 2023.

Investment Entities

Investment Entities – The Company accounts for investment in SG DevCorp at fair value with any changes in value recorded to income or loss. As of December 31, 2024, the Company holds 276,425 shares of SG DevCorp which represented approximately 19% ownership


Upon the Deconsolidation during 2024, the Company began to report its investment in SG DevCorp on the equity method. The Company has elected to measure its investment in SG DevCorp on the fair value method. Subsequent to the Deconsolidation, the Company disposed a portion of its investment in SG DevCorp and recorded a loss of $320,408. 


The following represents the activity of the Company’s investment in SG DevCorp for the year ending December 31, 2024:



Initial value upon Deconsolidation
$ 7,674,665

Disposition of shares of SG DevCorp
(320,408 )

Change in fair value of investment
(6,616,201 )

Ending value $ 738,056

Cash and cash equivalents

Cash and cash equivalents – The Company considers cash and cash equivalents to include all short-term, highly liquid investments that are readily convertible to known amounts of cash and have original maturities of three months or less upon acquisition. Cash and cash equivalents totaled $375,873 and $14,212 as of December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively. 

Short-term investment

Short-term investment – The Company classifies investments consisting of a certificate of deposit with a maturity greater than three months but less than one year as short-term investment.  The Company had no short-term investment as of December 31, 2024 or 2023, respectively.  

Accounts receivable and allowance for credit losses

Accounts receivable and allowance for credit losses Accounts receivable are receivables generated from sales to customers and progress billings on performance type contracts. Amounts included in accounts receivable are deemed to be collectible within the Company’s operating cycle. The Company recognizes accounts receivable at invoiced amounts. 


The Company adopted ASC 326, Current Expected Credit Losses, on January 1, 2023, which requires the measurement and recognition of expected credit losses using a current expected credit loss model. The allowance for credit losses on expected future uncollectible accounts receivable is estimated considering forecasts of future economic conditions in addition to information about past events and current conditions.


The allowance for credit losses reflects the Company's best estimate of expected losses inherent in the accounts receivable balances. Management provides an allowance for credit losses based on the Company’s historical losses, specific customer circumstances, and general economic conditions. Periodically, management reviews accounts receivable and adjusts the allowance based on current circumstances and charges off uncollectible receivables when all attempts to collect have been exhausted and the prospects for recovery are remote. Recoveries are recognized when they are received. Actual collection losses may differ from our estimates and could be material to our consolidated financial position, results of operations, and cash flows. 


The Company accounts for the transfer of accounts receivable to a third party under a factoring type arrangement in accordance with ASC 860, “Transfers and Servicing”. ASC 860 requires that several conditions be met in order to present the transfer of accounts receivable as a sale. In the case of factoring type arrangements, the Company has isolated the transferred (sold) assets and has the legal right to transfer its assets (accounts receivable).

Inventory

Inventory –  Raw construction materials (primarily shipping containers and fabrication materials) are valued at the lower of cost (first-in, first-out method) or net realizable value. Finished goods and work-in-process inventories are valued at the lower of cost or net realizable value, using the specific identification method. As of December 31, 2024 and 2023 there was inventory of $471,468  and $156,212 , respectively, for construction materials. 

Goodwill

Goodwill The Company performs its impairment test of goodwill at the reporting unit level each fiscal year, or more frequently if events or circumstances change that would more likely than not reduce the fair value of its reporting unit below its carrying values. The Company performs a goodwill impairment test by comparing the fair value of the reporting unit with its carrying value and recognizes an impairment charge for the amount by which the carrying value exceeds the fair value, not to exceed the total amount of goodwill. The amount by which the carrying value of the goodwill exceeds its implied fair value, if any, is recognized as an impairment loss. There was a $0 impairment loss during the year ended December 31, 2024 and $1,309,330 impairments loss during the year ended December 31, 2023

Intangible assets

Intangible assets Intangible assets consist of $2,766,000 of proprietary knowledge and technology, which is being amortized over 20 years. In addition, included in intangible assets is $68,344 of trademarks, and $238,422 of website costs that are being amortized over 5 years. The Company evaluated intangible assets for impairment during the year ended December 31, 2024 and 2023 and determined that there are $0 of impairment loss for the year ended December 31, 2024 and $1,880,547 impairment loss for the year ended December 31, 2023. The accumulated amortization and amortization expense as of and for the year ended December 31, 2024 was $63,392 and $13,668, respectively. The accumulated amortization and amortization expense for the years ended December 31, 2023 was $2,852,929 and $187,640 respectively.

Property, plant and equipment

Property, plant and equipment Property, plant and equipment is stated at cost. Depreciation is computed using the straight-line method over the estimated lives of each asset. Estimated useful lives for significant classes of assets are as follows: computer and software 3 to 5 years, furniture and other equipment 5 to 7 years, automobiles 2 to 5 years, buildings held for lease 5 to 7 years, and equipment 5 to 29 years. Repairs and maintenance are charged to expense when incurred. 

Convertible instruments

Convertible instruments – The Company bifurcates conversion options from their host instruments and accounts for them as free standing derivative financial instruments according to certain criteria. The criteria include circumstances in which (a) the economic characteristics and risks of the embedded derivative instrument are not clearly and closely related to the economic characteristics and risks of the host contract, (b) the hybrid instrument that embodies both the embedded derivative instrument and the host contract is not re-measured at fair value under otherwise applicable generally accepted accounting principles with changes in fair value reported in earnings as they occur and (c) a separate instrument with the same terms as the embedded instrument would be considered a derivative instrument. 

Common stock purchase warrants and other derivative financial instruments

Common stock purchase warrants and other derivative financial instruments – The Company classifies as equity any contracts that (i) require physical settlement or net-share settlement or (ii) provides a choice of net-cash settlement or settlement in the Company’s own shares (physical settlement or net-share settlement) providing that such contracts are indexed to the Company’s own stock. The Company classifies as assets or liabilities any contracts that (i) require net-cash settlement (including a requirement to net cash settle the contract if any event occurs and if that event is outside the Company’s control) or (ii) gives the counterparty a choice of net-cash settlement or settlement shares (physical settlement or net-cash settlement). The Company assesses classification of common stock purchase warrants and other free standing derivatives at each reporting date to determine whether a change in classification between assets and liabilities or equity is required.

Fair value measurements

Fair value measurements – Financial instruments, including cash and cash equivalents, accounts receivable, accounts payable and accrued liabilities are carried at cost, which the Company believes approximates fair value due to the short-term nature of these instruments.

 

The Company measures the fair value of financial assets and liabilities based on the exchange price that would be received for an asset or paid to transfer a liability (an exit price) in the principal or most advantageous market for the asset or liability in an orderly transaction between market participants on the measurement date. The Company maximizes the use of observable inputs and minimizes the use of unobservable inputs when measuring fair value.


The Company uses three levels of inputs that may be used to measure fair value: 

 

 

Level 1

Quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities.

 

Level 2

Quoted prices for similar assets and liabilities in active markets or inputs that are observable.

 

Level 3

Inputs that are unobservable (for example, cash flow modeling inputs based on assumptions).

 

Transfer into and transfers out of the hierarchy levels are recognized as if they had taken place at the end of the reporting period. There have been no changes in Level 1, Level 2, and Level 3 and no changes in valuation. The fair value of the Company’s equity-based investment in SG DevCorp was determined based on Level 1 inputs. The Company does not have any financial instruments in the Level 2 or Level 3 category.





Fair value measured as of December 31 2024




Total at December 31, 2024

Quoted prices in active markets

Significant other observable inputs

Significant unobservable inputs







(Level 1)


(Level 2)

(Level 3)

Assets












Investment in SG DevCorp $ 738,056
$ 738,056
$ -
$ -
Share-based payments

Share-based payments – The Company measures the cost of services received in exchange for an award of equity instruments based on the fair value of the award. For employees and directors, including non-employee directors, the fair value of a stock option award is measured on the grant date. The fair value amount is then recognized over the period services are required to be provided in exchange for the award, usually the vesting period. The Company recognizes stock-based compensation expense on a graded-vesting basis over the requisite service period for each separately vesting tranche of each award. Stock-based compensation expense to employees and all directors are reported within payroll and related expenses in the consolidated statements of operations. Stock-based compensation expense to non-employees is reported within marketing and business development expense in the consolidated statements of operations. 

Other income (expense)

Other income (expense) – Included in other income (expense) for the year ended December 31, 2024, was a $5,000 legal settlement and $316,589 of miscellaneous income from the sale of scrap and other miscellaneous which does not function to our core business. Included in other income (expense) for the year ended December 31, 2023, was a $450,000 legal settlement, $173,314 of miscellaneous income from the sale of scrap and other miscellaneous which does not function to our core business.

Income taxes

Income taxesThe Company accounts for income taxes utilizing the asset and liability approach. Under this approach, deferred taxes represent the future tax consequences expected to occur when the reported amounts of assets and liabilities are recovered or paid. The provision for income taxes generally represents income taxes paid or payable for the current year plus the change in deferred taxes during the year. Deferred taxes result from the differences between the financial and tax bases of the Company’s assets and liabilities and are adjusted for changes in tax rates and tax laws when changes are enacted.

 

The calculation of tax liabilities involves dealing with uncertainties in the application of complex tax regulations. The Company recognizes liabilities for anticipated tax audit issues based on the Company’s estimate of whether, and the extent to which, additional taxes will be due. If payment of these amounts ultimately proves to be unnecessary, the reversal of the liabilities would result in tax benefits being recognized in the period when the liabilities are no longer determined to be necessary. If the estimate of tax liabilities proves to be less than the ultimate assessment, a further charge to expense would result.

Concentrations of credit risk

Concentrations of credit risk Financial instruments, that potentially subject the Company to concentration of credit risk, consist principally of cash and cash equivalents. The Company places its cash with high credit quality institutions. At times, such amounts may be in excess of the FDIC insurance limits. The Company has not experienced any losses in such account and believes that it is not exposed to any significant credit risk on the account.

 

With respect to receivables, concentrations of credit risk are limited to a few customers in the construction industry. The Company performs ongoing credit evaluations of its customers’ financial condition and, generally, requires no collateral from its customers other than normal lien rights. At December 31, 2024 and 2023, 100% and 100%, respectively, of the Company’s gross accounts receivable were due from three and four customers.

 

Revenue in excess of 10% relating to three and one customer represented approximately 83% and 87% of the Company's total revenue for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively. 


For the year ending December 31, 2024 and 2023, there were no vendors that represented 10% or more of our cost of revenue. The Company believes it has access to alternative suppliers, with limited disruption to the business, should circumstances change with its existing suppliers. 


Accounting Standards Recently Adopted - On November 27, 2023, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) No. 2023-07 Segment Reporting (Topic 280): Improvements to Reportable Segment Disclosures. Among other new disclosure requirements, ASU 2023-07 requires companies to disclose significant segment expenses that are regularly provided to the chief operating decision maker. ASU 2023-07 is effective for annual periods beginning on January 1, 2024 and interim periods beginning on January 1, 2025.ASU 2023-07 must be applied retrospectively to all prior periods presented in the financial statements. The Company adopted ASU 2023-07 during the year ended December 31, 2024.