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Stockholders' Equity
 9 Months Ended
Sep. 30, 2025
Stockholders' Equity  
Stockholders' Equity
11. Stockholders’ Equity 

 

Issuance of common stock for debt issuance – During the nine months ended September 30, 2025, the Company issued 294,000 shares of common stock (4,594 as adjusted for the September Stock Split), and warrants for issuances of debt. The value of the shares amounted to $332,049, which was recorded as a debt discount.

 

Restricted Stock Units – During the nine months ended September 30, 2025, the Company issued 68,229 shares of common stock (1,066 as adjusted for the September Stock Split) with a value of $318,894 for vested restricted stock units. 

 

Forgiveness of related party debt – As disclosed in Note 2, the Company entered into the Mutual Release with SG DevCorp. As a result of the Mutual Release the Company recorded $1,275,416 in additional paid in capital which resulted from the forgiveness of its debt along with the transfer of SG DevCorp shares. Additionally, during the nine months ended September 30, 2025, the Company issued 1,216,000 shares of common stock (19,000 as adjusted for the September Stock Split) for the forgiveness of accrued interest on a note payable from the Company’s chief executive officer. The total amount amounted to $494,912 which has been recorded to additional paid in capital. Additionally, during the nine months ended September 30, 2025, the Company issued 90,313 shares of common stock for the forgiveness of the principal amount on outstanding notes payable. The total amounted to $778,938.

 

Issuance of common stock for preferred – During the nine months ended September 30, 2025, the Company issued 2,000,000 shares of common stock (31,250 as adjusted for the September Stock Split) for the relinquishment of 151,360 preferred shares, which were issued in connection with the Merger of NAHD. Such shares were issued to former stockholders of NAHD. The transaction was accounted for as an equity-to-equity exchange with a reduction to the preferred stock par value and a corresponding increase to common stock and additional paid-in capital.

 

Issuance of common stock for services– On July 1, 2025, the Company issued 4,017 restricted shares of common stock (post September Stock Split) of the Company for services provided, with a total value of $14,803.

 

Pre-funded warrant exercises– Commencing on July 31, 2025, and ending on August 8, 2025, the Company received exercises notices for a total of 279,752 pre-funded warrants and were correspondingly issued 279,752 shares of common stock (post September Stock Split) of the Company.

 

Conversions– During the nine months ended the Company issued 199,963 (post September Stock Split from the conversion of $696,250 in outstanding notes payable. The excess value of common stock resulted in a loss of $4,915,209 being recognized.

 

Common stock to be issued – In connection with the Tysadco Conversion, the Company recorded common stock to be issued in the amount of $3,381,436 for the value of the remaining shares to be issued. 

 

Inducement - On March 8, 2024, the Company entered into a warrant inducement agreement (the “Inducement Agreement”) with a certain holder (the “Holder”) of warrants to purchase shares of the Company’s common stock, par value $0.01 per share (the “Common Stock”), issued in a private placement offering that closed on October 27, 2021 (the “Existing Warrants”). Pursuant to the Inducement Agreement, the Holder of the Existing Warrants agreed to exercise for cash the Existing Warrants to purchase up to 1,898,630 shares of common stock (94,932 as adjusted for the May Stock Split and 1,483 as further adjusted for the September Stock Split), at an exercise price of $ 0.2603 per share ($5.206 as adjusted for the May Stock Split and $333.18 as further adjusted for the September Stock Split). The Company recognized common stock deemed dividends in the amount of $670,881 which resulted from the excess initial fair value of the New Warrants Shares issued described below. In addition, the Company incurred $454,867 of equity related costs which have been netted with the net proceeds from the July 2022 Offering. The Company received aggregate gross proceeds of approximately $494,213, before deducting placement agent fees and other expenses payable by the Company.

In consideration of the Holder’s immediate exercise of the Existing Warrants, the Company issued unregistered warrants (the “New Warrants”) to purchase 3,797,260 shares of Common Stock (189,863 as adjusted for the May Stock Split and 2,967 as further adjusted for the September Stock Split) (200% of the number of shares of common stock issued upon exercise of the Existing Warrants) (the “New Warrant Shares”) to the Holder.

 

The issuance of the shares of Common Stock underlying the Existing Warrants have been registered pursuant to an existing registration statement on Form S-1 (File No. 333-260996), which was declared effective by the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”) on November 23, 2021.

 

In addition, pursuant to the Inducement Agreement, the Company agreed not to issue any shares of Common Stock or Common Stock equivalents (as defined in the Inducement Agreement) or to file any other registration statement with the SEC (in each case, subject to certain exceptions) until thirty (30) days after the closing. The Company has also agreed not to effect or agree to effect any Variable Rate Transaction (as defined in the Inducement Agreement) until sixty (60) days after closing.

 

The Company agreed in the Inducement Agreement to file a registration statement to register the resale of the New Warrant Shares (the “Resale Registration Statement”) on or before thirty (30) days from the initial closing of the transactions contemplated by the Inducement Agreement, and to use commercially reasonable efforts to have such Resale Registration Statement declared effective by the SEC within sixty (60) days (or, in the event of a full review, ninety (90) calendar days) following the date of filing the Resale Registration Statement.

 

Under the Inducement Agreement, to the extent required under the rules and regulations of the Nasdaq Stock Market, the Company agreed to hold a special or annual meeting of shareholders no later than the 60th calendar date following the date of the Inducement Agreement for the purpose of seeking the Stockholder Approval (as defined below). If the Company does not obtain Stockholder Approval at the first meeting, the Company shall call a meeting every ninety (90) days thereafter to seek Stockholder Approval until the earlier of the date Stockholder Approval is obtained or the New Warrants are no longer outstanding.

 

The Company expects to use the net proceeds from these transactions for working capital and other general corporate purposes.

 

Maxim served as the Company’s financial advisor in connection with the transactions described in the Inducement Agreement, and the Company paid Maxim (i) a cash fee equal to 7.0% of the aggregate gross proceeds received from the Holder upon exercise of the Existing Warrants and the exercise of the New Warrants, and (ii) $10,000 for legal fees and other out-of-pocket expenses.

 

May 2024 Private Placement - On May 3, 2024, the Company entered into a Securities Purchase Agreement (the “May Securities Purchase Agreement”) for a private placement (the “Private Placement”) with a single accredited institutional investor (the “Purchaser”). Pursuant to the Securities Purchase Agreement, the Purchaser agreed to purchase 130,000 shares (the “Shares”) of the Company’s common stock (2,031 as adjusted for the September Stock Split), par value $0.01 per share (the “Common Stock”), and pre-funded warrants to purchase 1,249,310 shares of Common Stock (19,520 as adjusted for the September Stock Split) in lieu thereof (the “Pre-Funded Warrants”) and common warrants (the “Common Warrants”) to purchase up to 2,758,620 shares of Common Stock (43,103 as adjusted for the September Stock Split). Pursuant to the May Securities Purchase Agreement, the combined offering price of each Share and Common Warrant was set at $2.90 ($185.60 as adjusted for the September Stock Split) and the combined offering price of each Pre-Funded Warrant and Common Warrant was set at $2.8999 ($185.59 as adjusted for the September Stock Split). The Shares, the Pre-Funded Warrants, the Common Warrants and the shares of Common Stock issuable upon exercise of the Pre-Funded Warrants and Common Warrants are collectively referred to herein as the “Securities.”

The Pre-Funded Warrants are exercisable immediately following the date of issuance, may be exercised at any time until all of the Pre-Funded Warrants are exercised in full, and have an exercise price of $0.0001 per share. The Common Warrants are exercisable immediately following the date of issuance, have a term of five years from the effective date of the Registration Statement (as defined below) registering the Shares and the shares of Common Stock issuable upon exercise of the Pre-Funded Warrants and the Common Warrants and have an exercise price of $2.65 per share ($169.60 as adjusted for the September Stock Split). A holder may not exercise any Pre-Funded Warrants that would cause the aggregate number of shares of common stock beneficially owned by the holder to exceed 9.99% of the Company’s outstanding Common Stock immediately after exercise. A holder may not exercise any Common Warrants that would cause the aggregate number of shares of common stock beneficially owned by the holder to exceed 4.99% of the Company’s outstanding Common Stock immediately after exercise. The Pre-Funded Warrants and the Common Warrants are subject to adjustment in the event of certain stock dividends and distributions, stock splits, stock combinations, reclassifications or similar events affecting the Common Stock and also upon any distributions for no consideration of assets to the Company’s stockholders. In the event of certain corporate transactions, the holders of the Pre-Funded Warrants and the Common Warrants will be entitled to receive, upon exercise of the Pre-Funded Warrants and the Common Warrants, respectively, the kind and amount of securities, cash or other property that the holders would have received had they exercised the Pre-Funded Warrants and the Common Warrants immediately prior to such transaction. The Pre-Funded Warrants and the Common Warrants do not entitle the holders thereof to any voting rights or any of the other rights or privileges to which holders of common stock are entitled.

 

In the event of a “Fundamental Transaction,” which term is defined in the Pre-Funded Warrants and the Common Warrants and generally includes (i) the Company, directly or indirectly, in one or more related transactions effects any merger or consolidation of the Company with or into another Person (as defined in the Pre-Funded Warrants and Common Warrants) in which the Company is not the surviving entity (other than a reincorporation in a different state, a transaction for changing the Company’s name, or a similar transaction pursuant to which the surviving company remains a public company), (ii) the Company, directly or indirectly, effects any sale, lease, license, assignment, transfer, conveyance or other disposition of all or substantially all of the Company’s assets in one or a series of related transactions (which, for the avoidance of doubt, shall not include such transactions that do not require approval of the Company’s stockholders), (iii) any, direct or indirect, purchase offer, tender offer or exchange offer (whether by the Company or another Person) is completed pursuant to which holders of Common Stock are permitted to sell, tender or exchange their shares for other securities, cash or property and has been accepted by the holders of more than 50% of the voting power of the common equity of the Company, (iv) the Company, directly or indirectly, in one or more related transactions effects any reclassification, reorganization or recapitalization of the Common Stock or any compulsory share exchange pursuant to which the Common Stock is effectively converted into or exchanged for other securities, cash or property other than a stock split, or (v) the Company, directly or indirectly, in one or more related transactions consummates a stock or share purchase agreement or other business combination (including, without limitation, a reorganization, recapitalization, spin-off, merger or scheme of arrangement) with another Person or group of Persons whereby such other Person or group acquires more than 50% of the voting power of the common equity of the Company, the holders of the Pre-Funded Warrants and Common Warrants will be entitled to receive upon exercise of the Pre-Funded Warrants and the Common Warrants the kind and amount of securities, cash or other property that the holders would have received had they exercised such warrants immediately prior to such Fundamental Transaction. Additionally, as more fully described in the Common Warrants, in the event of certain Fundamental Transactions, the holders of the Common Warrants will be entitled to receive consideration in an amount equal to the Black Scholes Value (as defined in the Common Warrants) of the remaining unexercised portion of the Common Warrants on the date of consummation of such Fundamental Transaction.

The Private Placement closed on May 7, 2024. The Company received net proceeds from the Private Placement of $3,590,386. Additionally, during the year ended December 31, 2024, 294,310 prefunded warrants (4,599 as adjusted for the September Stock Split) were exercised.

 

April Private Placement - On April 14, 2025, the Company consummated a private placement (the “April Private Placement”) pursuant to a securities purchase agreement (the “April Purchase Agreement”) with institutional investors (the “Purchasers”) for the purchase and sale of approximately $8 million of shares of the Company’s common stock (the “Common Stock”) and investor warrants at a price of $0.392 per Common Unit ($25.09 as adjusted for the September Stock Split). The Company issued 2,504,000 shares of common stock (39,126 as adjusted for the September Stock Split) in this transaction. The entire transaction was priced at the market under Nasdaq rules. The offering consisted of the sale of Common Units (or Pre-Funded Units), each consisting of (i) one (1) share of Common Stock or one (1) Pre-Funded Warrant (“April Pre-Funded Warrants”), (ii) one (1) Series A PIPE Common Warrant to purchase one (1) share of Common Stock per warrant at an exercise price of $0.784 (the “Series A Warrant”) ($40.18 as adjusted for the September Stock Split) and (iii) one (1) Series B PIPE Common Warrant to purchase one (1) share of Common Stock per warrant at an exercise price of $0.98 ($62.72 as adjusted for the September Stock Split) (the “Series B Warrant” and together with the Series A Warrant, the “Warrants”).

 

The initial exercise price of each Series A Warrant is $0.784 per share of Common Stock ($50.18 as adjusted for the September Stock Split). The Series A Warrants are exercisable following stockholder approval and expire five (5) years thereafter. The number of securities issuable under the Series A Warrant is subject to adjustment as described in more detail in the Series A Warrant. The initial exercise price of each Series B Warrant is $0.98 per share of Common Stock ($62.72 as adjusted for the September Stock Split) or pursuant to an alternative cashless exercise option. The Series B Warrants are exercisable following stockholder approval and expire two and one-half (2.5) years thereafter. The number of securities issuable under the Series B Warrant is subject to adjustment as described in the Series B Warrant.

 

Each Pre-Funded Warrant is exercisable for one share of Common Stock for $0.0001 immediately upon issuance until all of the Pre-Funded Warrants are exercised in full. The number of Pre-Funded Warrant Shares are subject to adjustments for stock splits, recapitalizations, and reorganizations. The shares of Common Stock, shares underlying the Series A Warrants and shares underlying the Series B Warrants are collectively referred to as the “Securities”.

 

In connection with the April Private Placement, the Company entered into a registration rights agreement with the Purchasers on April 14, 2025 (the “Registration Rights Agreement”), pursuant to which the Company is required to file a registration statement covering the resale of the Securities by April 30, 2025.

 

Pursuant to the terms of the letter of engagement with D. Boral Capital LLC (the “Placement Agent”), the Company paid the Placement Agent a placement agent commission equal to 6.0% of the aggregate gross proceeds from the offering, and an additional 1.0% for non-accountable expenses. In addition, the Company agreed to reimburse the placement agent for certain of out-of-pocket expenses, including for reasonable legal fees and disbursements for its counsel. Additionally, pursuant to the Company’s letter of engagement with Aegis Capital Corp. (“Aegis”), the Company has agreed to pay Aegis a commission equal to 5.0% of the aggregate gross proceeds from the offering.

The Purchase Agreement contains customary representations and warranties, indemnification rights, agreements and obligations, conditions to closing and termination provisions. The offering closed on April 14, 2025. The net proceeds to the Company from the Offering were $6,635,294, after deducting placement agent fees and the payment of other offering expenses associated with the offering that were payable by the Company.

 

On July 17, 2025, the Company entered into an Exchange Agreement (the “Exchange Agreement”) by and among the Company and the Purchasers. Pursuant to the Exchange Agreement, the parties intended to effect a voluntary security exchange transaction (the “Exchange Transaction”) whereby the Purchasers will exchange the Series A and Series B Warrants previously purchased in the April Private Placement for an aggregate of 60,000 shares of Series B Preferred Stock (the “Exchange Shares”), with the New Series B Convertible Preferred Stock’s rights and preferences being set forth on that certain certificate of designation (the “Certificate of Designation”) of the Company, filed with the State of Delaware on July 17, 2025. The Exchange Agreement contains other customary provisions including representations and warranties for the Company and the Purchasers, governing law, and notice.

 

May ELOC - On May 29, 2025 the Company entered into a Stock Purchase Agreement (the “ELOC Purchase Agreement”) with Generating Alpha Ltd., a Saint Kitts and Nevis Company (the “Purchaser”), whereby the Company shall issue and sell to the Purchaser, subject to the terms and conditions of the ELOC Purchase Agreement, up to an aggregate of $100 million (the “Commitment Amount”) of newly issued shares (the “ELOC Shares”) of the Company’s common stock, par value $0.01 per share (the “Common Stock”).

 

The Company does not have a right to commence any sales of Common Stock to the ELOC Purchaser under the ELOC Purchase Agreement until the time when all of the conditions to the Company’s right to commence sales of Common Stock to the ELOC Purchaser set forth in the ELOC Purchase Agreement have been satisfied, including that a registration statement of such shares is declared effective by the SEC and the final form of prospectus is filed with the SEC (the “Commencement Date”). Over the period ending on the earlier of May 8, 2026, or the date on which the Purchaser shall have purchased ELOC Shares pursuant to the ELOC Purchase Agreement for an aggregate purchase price of the Commitment Amount, the Company will control the timing and amount of any sales of ELOC Shares to the ELOC Purchaser. Actual sales of shares of Common Stock to the ELOC Purchaser under the ELOC Purchaser Agreement will depend on a variety of factors to be determined by the Company from time to time, including, among others, market conditions, the trading price of the Common Stock and determinations made by the Company as to appropriate sources of funding.

 

The purchase price of the shares of ELOC Shares that the Company elects to sell to the ELOC Purchaser pursuant to the ELOC Purchase Agreement will be equal to the lowest traded price of Common Stock during the seven (7) trading days prior to the applicable closing date multiplied by 90%. As of September 30, 2025, no shares have been purchased under the ELOC Purchase Agreement.

Preferred Shares

 

As of September 30, 2025, the Company had 60,000 shares of Series B Preferred Stock issued and outstanding. The rights and privileges of the Series A Preferred Stock are as follows:

 

-Dividends - Holders shall be entitled to receive, and the Company shall pay, dividends on shares of Preferred Stock equal (on an as-if-converted-to-Common-Stock basis, disregarding for such purpose any conversion limitations hereunder) to and in the same form as dividends actually paid on shares of the Common Stock when, as and if such dividends are paid on shares of the Common Stock. No other dividends shall be paid on shares of Preferred Stock. The Company shall not pay any dividends on the Common Stock unless the Corporation simultaneously complies with this provision.
   
-Voting Rights. Except as otherwise provided herein or as otherwise required by law, the issuance of preferred stock has limited voting power, such that the preferred stock would vote as if converted at the “Nasdaq Minimum Price” as defined in Listing Rule 5635(d)(1), on the date of issuance. Notwithstanding the foregoing, the holders of the Series B Preferred Stock shall not be permitted to vote in excess of 19.99% until shareholder approval for the Series B Preferred Stock is obtained. Additionally, as long as any shares of Preferred Stock are outstanding, the Corporation shall not, without the affirmative vote of the Holders of at least 67% of the then-outstanding shares of the Preferred Stock, (a) alter or change adversely the powers, preferences or rights given to the Preferred Stock or alter or amend this Certificate of Designation, (b) authorize or create any class of stock ranking as to dividends, redemption or distribution of assets upon a Liquidation (as defined in Section 5) senior to, or otherwise pari passu with, the Preferred Stock, (c) amend its certificate of incorporation or other charter documents in any manner that adversely affects any rights of the Holders, (d) increase the number of authorized shares of Preferred Stock, or (e) enter into any agreement with respect to any of the foregoing.
   
-Liquidation. Upon any liquidation, dissolution or winding-up of the Company, whether voluntary or involuntary (a “Liquidation”), prior and in preference to the Junior Stock, the Holders shall be entitled to receive out of the assets, whether capital or surplus, of the Corporation an amount in cash equal to the Stated Value, plus any accrued and unpaid dividends thereon and any other fees or liquidated damages then due and owing thereon under this Certificate of Designation, for each share of Preferred Stock, and if the assets of the Company shall be insufficient to pay in full such amounts, then the entire assets to be distributed to the Holders shall be ratably distributed among the Holders in accordance with the respective amounts that would be payable on such shares if all amounts payable thereon were paid in full. The preference set forth in this Section 5 shall apply mutatis mutandis to any distributions to be made upon the consummation of a Fundamental Transaction. The Company shall mail written notice of any such Liquidation, not less than 45 days prior to the payment date stated therein, to each Holder.

 

- Conversion. - a) Conversions at Option of Holder. Each share of Preferred Stock shall be convertible, at any time and from time to time from and after the Original Issue Date at the option of the Holder thereof, into that number of shares of Common Stock (subject to the limitations set forth in Section 6(d) and Section 6(e)) determined by dividing the Stated Value of such share of Preferred Stock by the Conversion Price. Holders shall effect conversions by providing the Company with the form of conversion notice attached hereto as Annex A (a “Notice of Conversion”). Each Notice of Conversion shall specify the number of shares of Preferred Stock to be converted, the number of shares of Preferred Stock owned prior to the conversion at issue, the number of shares of Preferred Stock owned subsequent to the conversion at issue and the date on which such conversion is to be effected, which date may not be prior to the date the applicable Holder delivers by .pdf via email such Notice of Conversion to the Company (such date, the “Conversion Date”). If no Conversion Date is specified in a Notice of Conversion, the Conversion Date shall be the date that such Notice of Conversion to the Company is deemed delivered hereunder. No ink-original Notice of Conversion shall be required, nor shall any medallion guarantee (or other type of guarantee or notarization) of any Notice of Conversion form be required. The calculations and entries set forth in the Notice of Conversion shall control in the absence of manifest or mathematical error. To effect conversions of shares of Preferred Stock, a Holder shall not be required to surrender the certificate(s) representing the shares of Preferred Stock to the Company unless all of the shares of Preferred Stock represented thereby are so converted, in which case such Holder shall deliver the certificate representing such shares of Preferred Stock promptly following the Conversion Date at issue. Shares of Preferred Stock converted into Common Stock or redeemed in accordance with the terms hereof shall be canceled and shall not be reissued. b) Conversion Price. The conversion price for the Preferred Stock shall equal the lesser of (i) $0.392 ($25.09 as adjusted for the September Stock Split), subject to adjustment herein (the “Set Price”) and (ii) the greater of (A) 90% of the lowest daily VWAP of the Common Stock during the ten (10) consecutive Trading Day period ending and including the Trading Day immediately preceding the delivery or deemed delivery of the applicable Notice of Conversion and (B) $0.20 ($12.80 as adjusted for the September Stock Split) subject to adjustment herein (the lower of (i) and (ii), the “Conversion Price”).

 

As of September 30, 2025, the Company had 3,848,640 shares of Series A Preferred Stock issued and outstanding. The rights and privileges of the Series A Preferred Stock are the same as the Series B Preferred Stock as stated above, with the exception that the Series A Holders shall have no voting rights, and each share of Preferred Stock has the right to convert into shares of common stock of the Company at a ratio of 1 for 0.234375, meaning each 64 Preferred Shares will convert into 15 shares of common stock of the Company.