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NATURE OF BUSINESS AND SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES | 12 Months Ended
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Dec. 31, 2023
Organization, Consolidation and Presentation of Financial Statements [Abstract] |
NATURE OF BUSINESS AND SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES | NOTE 1. NATURE OF BUSINESS AND SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES Nature of Business: Digital Ally, Inc. was originally incorporated in Nevada on December 13, 2000 as Vegas Petra, Inc. and had no operations until 2004. On November 30, 2004, Vegas Petra, Inc. entered into a Plan of Merger with Digital Ally, Inc., at which time the merged entity was renamed Digital Ally, Inc. (such merged entity, the “Predecessor Registrant”). On August 23, 2022 (the “Effective Time”), the Predecessor Registrant merged with and into its wholly owned subsidiary, DGLY Subsidiary Inc., a Nevada corporation (the “Registrant”), pursuant to an agreement and plan of merger, dated as of August 23, 2022 (the “Merger Agreement”), between the Predecessor Registrant and the Registrant, with the Registrant as the surviving corporation in the merger (such transaction, the “Merger”). At the Effective Time, Articles of Merger were filed with the Secretary of State of the State of Nevada, pursuant to which the Registrant was renamed “Digital Ally, Inc.” and, by operation of law, succeeded to the assets, continued the business and assumed the rights and obligations of the Predecessor Registrant immediately prior to the Merger. Under the Nevada Revised Statutes, shareholder approval was not required in connection with the Merger Agreement or the transactions contemplated thereby. At the Effective Time, pursuant to the Merger Agreement, (i) each outstanding share of Predecessor Registrant’s common stock, par value $0.001 per share (the “Predecessor Common Stock”) automatically converted into one share of common stock, par value $0.001 per share, of the Registrant (“Registrant Common Stock”), (ii) each outstanding option, right or warrant to acquire shares of Predecessor Common Stock converted into an option, right or warrant, as applicable, to acquire an equal number of shares of Registrant Common Stock under the same terms and conditions as the original options, rights or warrants, and (iii) the directors and executive officers of the Predecessor Registrant were appointed as directors and executive officers, as applicable, of the Registrant, each to serve in the same capacity and for the same term as such person served with the Predecessor Registrant immediately before the Merger. The business of the Registrant, Digital Ally, Inc. (with its wholly-owned subsidiaries, Digital Ally International, Inc., Shield Products, LLC, Digital Ally Healthcare, LLC (“Digital Ally Healthcare”), TicketSmarter, Inc. (“TicketSmarter”), Worldwide Reinsurance, Ltd., Digital Connect, Inc., BirdVu Jets, Inc., Kustom 440, Inc. (“Kustom 440”), Kustom Entertainment, Inc., and its majority-owned subsidiary Nobility Healthcare, LLC, collectively, “Digital Ally,” “Digital,” and the “Company”), is divided into three reportable operating segments: 1) the Video Solutions Segment, 2) the Revenue Cycle Management Segment and 3) the Ticketing Segment. The Video Solutions Segment is our legacy business that produces digital video imaging, storage products, disinfectant and related safety products for use in law enforcement, security and commercial applications. This segment includes both service and product revenues through our subscription models offering cloud and warranty solutions, and hardware sales for video and health safety solutions. The Revenue Cycle Management Segment provides working capital and back-office services to a variety of healthcare organizations throughout the country, as a monthly service fee. The Ticketing Segment acts as an intermediary between ticket buyers and sellers within our secondary ticketing platform, ticketsmarter.com, and we also acquire tickets from primary sellers to then sell through various platforms. The accounting guidance on Segment Reporting establishes standards for reporting information regarding operating segments in annual financial statements and requires selected information of those segments to be presented in financial statements. Such required segment information is included in Note 23. Reverse Stock Split On February 6, 2023, the Company filed a Certificate of Amendment to its Articles of Incorporation, as amended, with the Secretary of State of the State of Nevada to effect a 1-for-20 reverse stock split (the “Reverse Stock Split”) of the shares of its common stock. The Reverse Stock Split was effective as of time of filing. No fractional shares were issued in connection with the Reverse Stock Split. Any fractional shares of our Common Stock that would have otherwise resulted from the Reverse Stock Split were rounded up to the nearest whole number. In connection with the Reverse Stock Split, the board of directors of the Company approved appropriate and proportional adjustments to all outstanding securities or other rights convertible or exercisable into shares of the Company’s common stock, including, without limitation, all preferred stock, warrants, options, and other equity compensation rights. All historical share and per-share amounts reflected throughout the Company’s consolidated financial statements and other financial information in this Report have been adjusted to reflect the Reverse Stock Split as if the split occurred as of the earliest period presented. The par value per share of the Company’s common stock was not affected by the Reverse Stock Split. Business Combination In June 2023, the Company, entered into an Agreement and Plan of Merger (the “Merger Agreement”) with Clover Leaf Capital Corp., a Delaware corporation (Nasdaq: CLOE) (“Clover Leaf”), CL Merger Sub, Inc., a Nevada corporation and a wholly owned subsidiary of Clover Leaf (“Merger Sub”), Yntegra Capital Investments LLC, a Delaware limited liability company, in the capacity as the representative from and after the Effective Time (as defined in the Merger Agreement) for the stockholders of Clover Leaf in accordance with the terms and conditions of the Merger Agreement, and Kustom Entertainment, Inc., a Nevada corporation, a wholly owned subsidiary of the Company, with a focus and mission to own and produce events, festivals, and entertainment alongside its evolving primary and secondary ticketing technologies (“Kustom”). Pursuant to the Merger Agreement, subject to the terms and conditions set forth therein upon the consummation of the transactions contemplated by the Merger Agreement (the “Closing”), Merger Sub will merge with and into Kustom, with Kustom continuing as the surviving corporation in the Merger and a wholly owned subsidiary of Clover Leaf. Upon the Closing which is subject to the approval of Clover Leaf’s shareholders and the satisfaction or waiver of certain other customary closing conditions, the common stock of the combined company is expected to be listed on the Nasdaq under a mutually agreed new ticker symbol that reflects the name “Kustom Entertainment”. The following is a summary of the Company’s Significant Accounting Policies: Basis of Consolidation: The accompanying financial statements include the consolidated accounts of Digital Ally, its wholly-owned subsidiaries, Digital Ally International, Inc., Shield Products, LLC, Digital Ally Healthcare, LLC, TicketSmarter, Inc., Worldwide Reinsurance, Ltd., Digital Connect, Inc., BirdVu Jets, Inc., Kustom 440, Inc., and its majority-owned subsidiary Nobility Healthcare, LLC. All intercompany balances and transactions have been eliminated during consolidation. The Company formed Digital Ally International, Inc. during August 2009 to facilitate the export sales of its products. The Company formed Shield Products, LLC in May 2020 to facilitate the sales of its Shield™ line of disinfectant/cleanser products and ThermoVu® line of temperature monitoring equipment. The Company formed Nobility Healthcare, LLC (“Nobility Healthcare”) in June 2021 to facilitate the operations of its revenue cycle management solutions and back-office services for healthcare organizations. The Company formed TicketSmarter, Inc. upon its acquisition of Goody Tickets, LLC and TicketSmarter, LLC, to facilitate its global ticketing operations. The Company formed Worldwide Reinsurance Ltd., which is a captive insurance company domiciled in Bermuda. It will provide primarily liability insurance coverage to the Company for which insurance may not be currently available or economically feasible in today’s insurance marketplace. The Company formed Digital Connect, Inc. and BirdVu Jets, Inc. for travel and transportation purposes in 2022. The Company formed Kustom 440, Inc. in 2022 to create unique entertainment experiences directly for consumers, and Kustom Entertainment, Inc. in 2023 to serve as the participant in the Business Combination. Fair Value of Financial Instruments: The carrying amounts of financial instruments, including cash and cash equivalents, accounts receivable, accounts payable and subordinated notes payable approximate fair value because of the short-term nature of these items. Revenue Recognition: The Company applies the provisions of Accounting Standards Codification (ASC) 606-10, Revenue from Contracts with Customers, and all related appropriate guidance. The Company recognizes revenue under the core principle to depict the transfer of control to its customers in an amount reflecting the consideration to which it expects to be entitled. In order to achieve that core principle, the Company applies the following five-step approach: (1) identify the contract with a customer, (2) identify the performance obligations in the contract, (3) determine the transaction price, (4) allocate the transaction price to the performance obligations in the contract, and (5) recognize revenue when a performance obligation is satisfied. The Company has two different revenue streams, product and service, represented through its three segments. The Company reports all revenues on a gross basis, other than service revenues from the Company’s entertainment and revenue cycle management segments, Revenues generated by all segments are reported net of sales taxes. Video Solutions The Company considers customer purchase orders, which in some cases are governed by master sales agreements, to be the contracts with the customer. In situation where sales are to a distributor, the Company had concluded its contracts are with the distributor as the Company holds a contract bearing enforceable rights and obligations only with the distributor. As part of part of its consideration for the contract, the Company evaluates certain factors including the customers’ ability to pay (or credit risk). For each contract, the Company considers the promise to transfer products, each of which is distinct, to be the identified performance obligations. In determining the transaction price, the Company evaluates whether the price is subject to refund or adjustment to determine the net consideration to which it expects to be entitled. As the Company’s standard payment terms are less than one year, it has elected the practical expedient under ASC 606-10-32-18 to not assess whether a contract has a significant financing component. The Company allocates the transaction price to each distinct product based on its relative standalone selling price. The product price as specified on the purchase order is considered the standalone selling price as it is an observable input which depicts the price as if sold to a similar customer in similar circumstances. Revenue is recognized when control of the product is transferred to the customer (i.e. when the Company’s performance obligations is satisfied), which typically occurs at shipment. Further in determining whether control has been transferred, the Company considers if there is a present right to payment and legal title, along with risks and rewards of ownership having transferred to the customer. Customers do not have a right to return the product other than for warranty reasons for which they would only receive repair services or replacement products. The Company has also elected the practical expedient under ASC 340-40-25-4 to expense commissions for product sales when incurred as the amortization period of the commission asset the Company would have otherwise recognized is less than one year. Service and other revenue is comprised of revenues from extended warranties, repair services, cloud revenue and software revenue. Revenue is recognized upon shipment of the product and acceptance of the service or materials by the end customer for repair services. Revenue for extended warranty, cloud service or other software-based products is over the term of the contract warranty or service period. A time-elapsed method is used to measure progress because the Company transfers control evenly over the contractual period. Accordingly, the fixed consideration related to these revenues is generally recognized on a straight-line basis over the contract term, as long as the other revenue recognition criteria have been met. The Company’s multiple performance obligations may include future in-car or body-worn camera devices to be delivered at defined points within a multi-year contract, and in those arrangements, the Company allocates total arrangement consideration over the life of the multi-year contract to future deliverables using management’s best estimate of selling price. Revenue Cycle Management The Company reports revenue cycle management revenues on a net basis, as its primary source of revenue is its end-to-end service fees which is generally determined as a percentage of the invoice amounts collected. These service fees are reported as revenue monthly upon completion of the Company’s performance obligation to provide the agreed upon service. Entertainment The Company reports ticketing revenue on a gross or net basis based on management’s assessment of whether the Company is acting as a principal or agent in the transaction. The determination is based upon the evaluation of control over the event ticket, including the right to sell the ticket, prior to its transfer to the ticket buyer. The Company sells tickets held in inventory, which consists of one performance obligation, being to transfer control of an event ticket to the buyer upon confirmation of the order. The Company acts as the principal in these transactions as the ticket is owned by the Company at the time of sale, therefore controlling the ticket prior to transferring to the customer. In these transactions, revenue is recorded on a gross basis based on the value of the ticket and is recognized when an order is confirmed. Payment is typically due upon delivery of the ticket. The Company also acts as an intermediary between buyers and sellers through online secondary marketplace. Revenues derived from this marketplace primarily consist of service fees from ticketing operations, and consists of one primary performance obligation, which is facilitating the transaction between the buyer and seller, being satisfied at the time the order has been confirmed. As the Company does not control the ticket prior to the transfer, the Company acts as an agent in these transactions. Revenue is recognized on a net basis, net of the amount due to the seller when an order is confirmed, the seller is then obligated to deliver the tickets to the buyer per the seller’s listing. Payment is due at the time of sale. Other Contract liabilities consist of deferred revenue and include payments received in advance of performance under the contract and are reported separately as current liabilities and non-current liabilities in the Consolidated Balance Sheets. Such amounts consist of extended warranty contracts, prepaid cloud services and prepaid installation services and are generally recognized as the respective performance obligations are satisfied. During the year ended December 31, 2023, the Company recognized revenue of $2.6 million related to its contract liabilities. Contract liabilities consist of deferred revenue and include payments received in advance of performance under the contract and are reported separately as current liabilities and non-current liabilities in the Consolidated Balance Sheets. Such amounts consist of extended warranty contracts, prepaid cloud services and prepaid installation services and are generally recognized as the respective performance obligations are satisfied. Total contract liabilities consist of the following: SCHEDULE OF CONTRACT LIABILITIES
|  | December 31, 2023 |
|  | December 31, 2022 |  |  | Additions/Reclass |  |  | Recognized Revenue |  |  | December 31, 2023 |
Contract liabilities, current |  | $ | 2,154,874 |  |  | $ | 2,538,187 |  |  | $ | 1,755,893 |  |  | $ | 2,937,168 |
Contract liabilities, non-current |  |  | 5,818,082 |  |  |  | 2,328,994 |  |  |  | 806,617 |  |  |  | 7,340,459 |
|  | $ | 7,972,956 |  |  | $ | 4,867,181 |  |  | $ | 2,562,510 |  |  | $ | 10,277,627 |
|  | December 31, 2022 |
|  | December 31, 2021 |  |  | Additions/Reclass |  |  | Recognized Revenue |  |  | December 31, 2022 |
Contract liabilities, current |  | $ | 1,665,519 |  |  | $ | 1,478,479 |  |  | $ | 989,124 |  |  | $ | 2,154,874 |
Contract liabilities, non-current |  |  | 2,687,786 |  |  |  | 4,560,600 |  |  |  | 1,430,304 |  |  |  | 5,818,082 |
|  | $ | 4,353,305 |  |  | $ | 6,039,079 |  |  | $ | 2,419,428 |  |  | $ | 7,972,956 |
Sales returns and allowances aggregated $117,713 and $118,026 for the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively. Obligations for estimated sales returns and allowances are recognized at the time of sales on an accrual basis. The accrual is determined based upon historical return rates adjusted for known changes in key variables affecting these return rates. Use of Estimates: The preparation of the consolidated financial statements in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amount of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could differ from those estimates. Management utilizes various other estimates, including but not limited to, determining the estimated lives of long-lived assets, determining the potential impairment of long-lived assets, the fair value of warrants, options, the recognition of revenue, inventory valuation reserve, allowances for doubtful accounts and other receivables, incremental borrowing rate on leases, the valuation allowance for deferred tax assets and other legal claims and contingencies. The results of any changes in accounting estimates are reflected in the financial statements in the period in which the changes become evident. Estimates and assumptions are reviewed periodically, and the effects of revisions are reflected in the period that they are determined to be necessary. Cash and cash equivalents: Cash and cash equivalents include funds on hand, in bank and short-term investments with original maturities of ninety (90) days or less. The following table shows the Company’s cash and cash equivalents by significant investment category as of December 31, 2023 and 2022: SCHEDULE OF SHORT TERM INVESTMENTS
|  | December 31, 2023 |
|  | Adjusted Cost |  |  | Realized Gains |  |  | Realized Losses |  |  | Fair Value |
Demand deposits |  | $ | 545,207 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 545,207 |
Short-term investments with original maturities of 90 days or less (Level 1): |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Money market funds |  |  | 135,342 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 135,342 |
|  | $ | 680,549 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 680,549 |
|  | December 31, 2022 |
|  | Adjusted Cost |  |  | Realized Gains |  |  | Realized Losses |  |  | Fair Value |
Demand deposits |  | $ | 897,745 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 897,745 |
Short-term investments with original maturities of 90 days or less (Level 1): |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Money market funds |  |  | 2,634,454 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 2,634,454 |
|  | $ | 3,532,199 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 3,532,199 |
The Company maintains its cash and cash equivalents in banks insured by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC) in accounts that at times may be in excess of the federally insured limit of $250,000 per bank. The Company minimizes this risk by placing its cash deposits with numerous major financial institutions. At December 31, 2023 and 2022, the uninsured balance amounted to $29,700 and $2,495,189, respectively. Restricted Cash: Restricted cash of $97,600 and $-0- was included in other assets as of December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively. Restricted cash consists of bank deposits that collateralize our debt obligations. The following table provides a reconciliation of cash and cash equivalents in the consolidated balance sheets to cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash in the consolidated statements of cash flows: SCHEDULE OF RECONCILIATION OF CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS
|  | December 31, 2023 |  |  | December 31, 2022 |
Cash and cash equivalents |  | $ | 680,549 |  |  | $ | 3,532,199 |
Long-term restricted cash included in other assets |  |  | 97,600 |  |  |  | — |
Total cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash in the statements of cash flows |  | $ | 778,149 |  |  | $ | 3,532,199 |
Accounts Receivable: Accounts receivable are carried at original invoice amount less an estimate made for doubtful receivables based on a review of all outstanding amounts on a weekly basis. The Company determines the allowance for doubtful accounts by regularly evaluating individual customer receivables and considering a customer’s financial condition, credit history, and current economic conditions. Trade receivables are written off when deemed uncollectible. Recoveries of trade receivables previously written off are recorded when received. A trade receivable is considered to be past due if any portion of the receivable balance is outstanding for more than thirty (30) days beyond terms. No interest is charged on overdue trade receivables. Goodwill and Other Intangibles: Goodwill - In connection with acquisitions, the Company applies the provisions of ASC 805, Business Combinations, using the acquisition method of accounting. The excess purchase price over the fair value of net tangible assets and identifiable intangible assets acquired is recorded as goodwill. In accordance with ASC 350, Intangibles - Goodwill and Other, the Company assesses goodwill for impairment annually as of December 31, and more frequently if events and circumstances indicate that goodwill might be impaired. Goodwill impairment testing is performed at the reporting unit level. Goodwill is assigned to reporting units at the date the goodwill is initially recorded. Once goodwill has been assigned to reporting units, it no longer retains its association with a particular acquisition, and all of the activities within a reporting unit, whether acquired or internally generated, are available to support the value of the goodwill. Traditionally, goodwill impairment testing is a two-step process. Step one involves comparing the fair value of the reporting units to its carrying amount. If the carrying amount of a reporting unit is greater than zero and its fair value is greater than its carrying amount, there is no impairment. If the reporting unit’s carrying amount is greater than the fair value, the second step must be completed to measure the amount of impairment, if any. Step two involves calculating an implied fair value of goodwill. The Company has adopted ASU 2017-04 which simplifies subsequent goodwill measurement by eliminating step two from the goodwill impairment test. As a result, the Company compares the fair value of a reporting unit with its respective carrying value and recognizes an impairment charge for the amount by which the carrying amount exceeded the reporting unit’s fair value. The Company determines the fair value of its reporting units using the market approach. Under the market approach, we estimate the fair value based on multiples of comparable public companies and precedent transactions. Significant estimates in the market approach include: identifying similar companies with comparable business factors such as size, growth, profitability, risk and return on investment, and assessing comparable revenue and operating income multiples in estimating the fair value of the reporting unit. Long-lived and Other Intangible Assets - The Company periodically assesses potential impairments of its long-lived assets in accordance with the provisions of ASC 360, Accounting for the Impairment or Disposal of Long-lived Assets. An impairment review is performed whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying value of the assets may not be recoverable. The Company groups its assets at the lowest level for which identifiable cash flows are largely independent of the cash flows of the other assets and liabilities. The Company has determined that the lowest level for which identifiable cash flows are available is the operating segment level. Factors considered by the Company include, but are not limited to, significant underperformance relative to historical or projected operating results; significant changes in the manner of use of the acquired assets or the strategy for the overall business; and significant negative industry or economic trends. When the carrying value of a long-lived asset may not be recoverable based upon the existence of one or more of the above indicators of impairment, the Company estimates the future undiscounted cash flows expected to result from the use of the asset and its eventual disposition. If the sum of the expected future undiscounted cash flows and eventual disposition is less than the carrying amount of the asset, the Company recognizes an impairment loss. An impairment loss is reflected as the amount by which the carrying amount of the asset exceeds the fair value of the asset, based on the fair value if available, or discounted cash flows, if fair value is not available. The Company assessed potential impairments of its long-lived assets as of December 31, 2023 and concluded that there was no impairment. Long-lived assets such as property, plant and equipment and purchased intangible assets subject to amortization are reviewed for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of an asset may not be recoverable. If circumstances require a long-lived asset or asset group be tested for possible impairment, the Company first compares undiscounted cash flows expected to be generated by that asset or asset group to its carrying value. If the carrying value of the long-lived asset or asset group is not recoverable on an undiscounted cash flow basis, an impairment is recognized to the extent that the carrying value exceeds its fair value. Fair value is determined through various valuation techniques, including discounted cash flow models, quoted market values and third-party appraisals, as considered necessary. Intangible assets include deferred patent costs and license agreements and intangibles related to acquisitions. Legal expenses incurred in preparation of patent application have been deferred and will be amortized over the useful life of granted patents. Costs incurred in preparation of applications that are not granted will be charged to expense at that time. The Company has entered into several sublicense agreements under which it has been assigned the exclusive rights to certain licensed materials used in its products. These sublicense agreements generally require upfront payments to obtain the exclusive rights to such material. The Company capitalizes the upfront payments as intangible assets and amortizes such costs over their estimated useful life on a straight-line method. Inventories: Inventories for the video solutions segment consist of electronic parts, circuitry boards, camera parts and ancillary parts (collectively, “components”), work-in-process and finished goods. Finished goods that are manufactured and assembled by the Company are carried at the lower of cost or net realizable value, with cost determined by standard cost methods, which approximate the first-in, first-out method. Inventory costs include material, labor and manufacturing overhead. Inventories for the entertainment segment consists of tickets to live events purchased, which are held at lower of cost or net realizable value, and written-off after the event has occurred. Event tickets for the entertainment segment are carried at lower of cost or net realizable value, and fully written off at the time the event occurs if the ticket is unsold and remaining in inventory after the completion of the event. Management has established inventory reserves based on estimates of excess and/or obsolete current inventory. Manufacturing inventory for the video solutions segment is reviewed for obsolescence and excess quantities on a quarterly basis, based on estimated future use of quantities on hand, which is determined based on past usage, planned changes to products and known trends in markets and technology. Changes in support plans or technology could have a significant impact on obsolescence. To support our world-wide service operations for the video solutions segment, we maintain service spare parts inventory, which consists of both consumable and repairable spare parts. Consumable service spare parts are used within our service business to replace worn or damaged parts in a system during a service call and are generally classified in current inventory as our stock of this inventory turns relatively quickly. However, if there has been no recent usage for a consumable service spare part, but the part is still necessary to support systems under service contracts, the part is considered to be non-current and included within non-current inventories within our consolidated balance sheet. Consumables are charged to cost of goods sold when issued during the service call. As these service parts age over the related product group’s post-production service life, we reduce the net carrying value of our repairable spare part inventory on the consolidated balance sheet to account for the excess that builds over the service life. The post-production service life of our systems is generally seven to twelve years and, at the end of twelve years, the carrying value for these parts in our consolidated balance sheet is reduced to zero. We also perform periodic monitoring of our installed base for premature end of service life events and expense, through cost of sales, the remaining net carrying value of any related spare parts inventory in the period incurred. Property, plant and equipment: Property, plant and equipment is stated at cost net of accumulated depreciation. Additions and improvements are capitalized while ordinary maintenance and repair expenditures are charged to expense as incurred. Depreciation is recorded by the straight-line method over the estimated useful life of the asset, which ranges from three to thirty years, other than the infinite useful life of land. Amortization expense on capitalized leases is included with depreciation expense. The cost and accumulated depreciation related to assets sold or retired are removed from the accounts and any gain or loss is credited or charged to income. Leases: The Company determines if an arrangement contains a lease at inception. For arrangements where the Company is the lessee, the Company will evaluate whether to account for the lease as an operating or finance lease. Operating leases are included in the right of use assets (ROU) and operating lease liabilities on the consolidated balance sheet as of December 31, 2023. Finance leases would be included in property, plant and equipment, net and long-term debt and finance lease obligations on the balance sheet. The Company had operating leases for copiers, offices and warehouse space at December 31, 2023 but no financing leases. ROU assets and lease liabilities are recognized based on the present value of the future minimum lease payments over the lease term at commencement date. The Company uses its incremental borrowing rate based on the information available at the commencement date in determining the operating lease liabilities if the operating lease does not provide an implicit rate. Lease terms may include the option to extend when Company is reasonably certain that the option will be exercised. Lease expense for operating leases is recognized on a straight-line basis over the lease term. The Company elected to apply the short-term lease measurement and recognition exemption in which ROU assets and lease liabilities are not recognized for short term leases. Warranties: The Company’s video solutions segment products carry explicit product warranties that extend up to two years from the date of shipment. The Company records a provision for estimated warranty costs based upon historical warranty loss experience and periodically adjusts these provisions to reflect actual experience. Accrued warranty costs are included in accrued expenses. Extended warranties are offered on selected products and when a customer purchases an extended warranty the associated proceeds are treated as contract liabilities and recognized over the term of the extended warranty. Shipping and Handling Costs: Shipping and handling costs video solutions segment for outbound sales orders totaled $51,061 and $70,749 for the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively. Such costs are included in selling, general and administrative expenses in the Consolidated Statements of Operations. Advertising Costs: Advertising expense video solutions segment and entertainment segments includes costs related to trade shows and conventions, promotional material and supplies, and media costs. Advertising costs are expensed in the period in which they are incurred. The Company incurred total advertising expenses of approximately $5,773,965 and $7,668,641 for the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively. Such costs are included in selling, advertising and promotional expenses in the Consolidated Statements of Operations. Income Taxes: Deferred taxes are provided for by the liability method in which deferred tax assets are recognized for deductible temporary differences and operating loss and tax credit carryforwards and deferred tax liabilities are recognized for taxable temporary differences. Temporary differences are the differences between the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and their tax basis. Deferred tax assets are reduced by a valuation allowance when, in the opinion of management, it is more likely than not that some portion or all the deferred tax assets will not be realized. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are adjusted for the effects of changes in tax laws and rates on the date of enactment. The Company applies the provisions of the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) No. 740 - Income Taxes that provides a framework for accounting for uncertainty in income taxes and provided a comprehensive model to recognize, measure, present, and disclose in its financial statements uncertain tax positions taken or expected to be taken on a tax return. It initially recognizes tax positions in the financial statements when it is more likely than not the position will be sustained upon examination by the tax authorities. Such tax positions are initially and subsequently measured as the largest amount of tax benefit that is greater than 50% likely of being realized upon ultimate settlement with the tax authority assuming full knowledge of the position and all relevant facts. Application requires numerous estimates based on available information. The Company considers many factors when evaluating and estimating its tax positions and tax benefits, and it recognized tax positions and tax benefits may not accurately anticipate actual outcomes. As it obtains additional information, the Company may need to periodically adjust its recognized tax positions and tax benefits. These periodic adjustments may have a material impact on its Consolidated Statements of Operations. The Company’s policy is to record estimated interest and penalties related to the underpayment of income taxes as income tax expense in the Consolidated Statements of Operations. There was no interest expense related to the underpayment of estimated taxes during the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022. There were no penalties in 2023 and 2022. The Company is subject to taxation in the United States and various states. As of December 31, 2023, the Company’s tax returns filed for 2020, 2021 and 2022 and to be filed for 2023 are subject to examination by the relevant taxing authorities. With a few exceptions, as of December 31, 2023, the Company is no longer subject to Federal, state, or local examinations by tax authorities for taxable years prior to 2020. Research and Development Expenses: The Company expenses all research and development costs as incurred, which is generally incurred by the video solutions segment. Development costs of computer software to be sold, leased, or otherwise marketed are subject to capitalization beginning when a product’s technological feasibility has been established and ending when a product is available for general release to customers. In most instances, the Company’s products are released soon after technological feasibility has been established. Costs incurred subsequent to achievement of technological feasibility were not significant, and software development costs were expensed as incurred during 2023 and 2022. Warrant Derivative Liabilities: In accordance with FASB ASC 815-40, Derivatives and Hedging: Contracts in an Entities Own Equity, entities must consider whether to classify contracts that may be settled in its own stock, such as warrants to purchase shares of Common Stock, as equity of the entity or as an asset or liability. If an event that is not within the entity’s control could require net cash settlement, then the contract should be classified as an asset or a liability rather than as equity. We have determined because the terms of the warrants issued during the first quarter of 2021, and remain outstanding, include a provision that entitles all the warrant holders to receive cash for their warrants in the event of a qualifying cash tender offer, while only certain of the holders of the underlying shares of common stock would be entitled to cash, our warrants should be classified as liability measured at fair value, with changes in fair value each period reported in earnings. Volatility in the price of our common stock may result in significant changes in the value of the derivatives and resulting gains and losses on our statement of operations. Stock-Based Compensation: The Company grants stock-based compensation to its employees, board of directors and certain third-party contractors. Share-based compensation arrangements may include the issuance of options to purchase common stock in the future or the issuance of restricted stock, which generally are subject to vesting requirements. The Company records stock-based compensation expense for all stock-based compensation granted based on the grant-date fair value. The Company recognizes these compensation costs on a straight-line basis over the requisite service period of the award. The Company estimates the grant-date fair value of stock-based compensation using the Black-Scholes valuation model. Assumptions used to estimate compensation expense are determined as follows:
| ● | Expected term is determined using the contractual term and vesting period of the award;
| ● | Expected volatility of award grants made in the Company’s plan is measured using the weighted average of historical daily changes in the market price of the Company’s common stock over the period equal to the expected term of the award;
| ● | Expected dividend rate is determined based on expected dividends to be declared;
| ● | Risk-free interest rate is equivalent to the implied yield on zero-coupon U.S. Treasury bonds with a maturity equal to the expected term of the awards; and
| ● | Forfeitures are accounted for as they occur.
Segment Reporting The accounting guidance on Segment Reporting establishes standards for reporting information regarding operating segments in annual financial statements and requires selected information of those segments to be presented in financial statements. Operating segments are identified as components of an enterprise for which separate discrete financial information is available for evaluation by the chief operating decision maker (the Company’s Chief Executive Officer or “CODM”) in making decisions on how to allocate resources and assess performance. The Company’s three operating segments are Video Solutions, Revenue Cycle Management, and Entertainment, each of which has specific personnel responsible for that business and reports to the CODM. Corporate expenses capture the Company’s corporate administrative activities, is also to be reported in the segment information. Therefore, its operations are eliminated in consolidation and is not considered a separate business segment for financial reporting purposes. Contingent Consideration In circumstances where an acquisition involves a contingent consideration arrangement that meets the definition of a liability under the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) 480, Distinguishing Liabilities from Equity, the Company recognizes a liability equal to the fair value of the contingent payments the Company expects to make as of the acquisition date. The Company remeasures this liability each reporting period and records changes in the fair value through the consolidated statement of operations. Repurchase and Cancellation of Shares From time to time, the Board may authorize share repurchases of common stock. Shares repurchased under Board authorizations are held in treasury for general corporate purposes and cancelled when it is determined appropriate by management. The Company accounts for repurchases of common stock under the cost method. Shares repurchased and cancelled during the period were recorded as a reduction to stockholders’ equity. See further discussion of the Company’s share repurchase program in Note 18–Stockholders’ Equity. Non-Controlling Interests Non-controlling interests in the Company’s Consolidated Financial Statements represent the interest in subsidiaries held by venture partners. The venture partners hold noncontrolling interests in the Company’s consolidated subsidiary Nobility Healthcare, LLC. Since the Company consolidates the financial statements of all wholly-owned and majority owned subsidiaries, the noncontrolling owners’ share of each subsidiary’s results of operations are deducted and reported as net income attributable to noncontrolling interest in the Consolidated Statements of Operations. Redeemable Preferred Stock Preferred stock may be classified as a liability, temporary equity (i.e., mezzanine equity) or permanent equity. In order to determine the appropriate classification, an evaluation of the cash redemption features is required. Where there exists an absolute right of redemption presently or in the future, the preferred stock would be classified as a liability. If redemption is contingently redeemable upon the occurrence of an event that is outside of the issuer’s control, it should be classified as mezzanine equity. The probability that the redemption event will occur is irrelevant. If no redemption features exist, or if a contingent redemption feature is within the Company’s control, the preferred stock would be considered equity. Lease Receivable Lease receivable are carried at the original invoice amount less the total payments received pertaining to each individual customer’s lease agreement. These agreements range from three to five years and are removed from lease receivables upon termination of the agreement. The Company determines if an allowance for doubtful accounts by regularly evaluating individual customer lease receivables and considering a customer’s financial condition, credit history, and current economic conditions. No allowance was deemed necessary for the year ended December 31, 2023. Notes Receivable Notes receivable are carried at the original note amount less an estimate made for doubtful receivables based on a review of all outstanding notes on a quarterly basis. The Company determines the allowance for doubtful accounts by regularly evaluating each note receivable and considering the borrower’s financial condition, credit history, and current economic conditions. The Company entered into a promissory note, through its entertainment segment, as part of a co-marketing agreement, with a principal amount of $3,000,000. Principal payment, since its inception, on this promissory note totaled $2,849,846 as of December 31, 2023, resulting in a remaining balance of $150,154 maturing December 31, 2023. New Accounting Standards In November 2023, the FASB issued Accounting Standards Update No. 2023-07, “Segment Reporting (Topic 280): Improvements to Reportable Segment Disclosures” (“ASU 2023-07”), which is intended to improve reportable segment disclosure requirements, primarily through enhanced disclosures about significant segment expenses. The guidance is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2023, and interim periods within fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2024. Early adoption is permitted. The guidance is to be applied retrospectively to all prior periods presented in the financial statements. Upon transition, the segment expense categories and amounts disclosed in the prior periods should be based on the significant segment expense categories identified and disclosed in the period of adoption. We are currently evaluating the potential impact of adopting this new guidance on our consolidated financial statements and related disclosures. In December 2023, the FASB issued Accounting Standards Update No. 2023-09, “Income Taxes (Topic 740): Improvements to Income Tax Disclosures” (“ASU 2023-09”), which modifies the rules on income tax disclosures to require entities to disclose (1) specific categories in the rate reconciliation, (2) the income or loss from continuing operations before income tax expense or benefit (separated between domestic and foreign) and (3) income tax expense or benefit from continuing operations (separated by federal, state and foreign). ASU 2023-09 also requires entities to disclose their income tax payments to international, federal, state and local jurisdictions, among other changes. The guidance is effective for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2024. Early adoption is permitted for annual financial statements that have not yet been issued or made available for issuance. ASU 2023-09 should be applied on a prospective basis, but retrospective application is permitted. We are currently evaluating the potential impact of adopting this new guidance on our consolidated financial statements and related disclosures. Going Concern Matters and Management’s Plans The accompanying consolidated financial statements have been prepared on a going concern basis, which contemplates the realization of assets and the satisfaction of liabilities in the normal course of business. The Company incurred substantial operating losses in the years ended December 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022 primarily due to reduced gross margins caused by a combination of competitors’ introduction of newer products with more advanced features together with significant price cutting of their products and the recent acquisitions with much smaller margins than the video solutions segment, historically. The Company incurred operating losses of approximately $22.2 million for the year ended December 31, 2023 and $29.7 million during the year ended December 31, 2022 and it had an accumulated deficit of $117.7 million as of December 31, 2023. These matters raise substantial doubt about Company’s ability to continue as a going concern. In recent years the Company has accessed the public and private capital markets to raise funding through the issuance of debt and equity. In that regard, the Company raised approximately $66.6 million in the year ended December 31, 2021 through two underwritten public offerings. These equity raises were utilized to fund its operations and acquisitions. Management expects to continue this pattern until it achieves positive cash flows from operations, although it can offer no assurance in this regard. The Company will have to restore positive operating cash flows and profitability over the next year and/or raise additional capital to fund its operational plans, meet its customary payment obligations and otherwise execute its business plan. There can be no assurance that it will be successful in restoring positive cash flows and profitability, or that it can raise additional financing when needed, and obtain it on terms acceptable or favorable to the Company. The Company has increased its contract liabilities to nearly $10.3 million as of December 31, 2023, which results in recurring revenue during the period of 2023 to 2026. The Company believes that its quality control and cost cutting initiatives, expansion to non-law enforcement sales channels and new product introduction will eventually restore positive operating cash flows and profitability, although it can offer no assurances in this regard. The Company has significantly cut costs in its entertainment segment through the removal of several large partnerships and sponsorships. These were not yielding the results management expected; thus, it is not expected that these costs with significantly hinder total revenues in 2024 and beyond. In addition to the initiatives described above, the Board of Directors is conducting a review of a full range of strategic alternatives to best position the Company for the future including, but not limited to, the sale of all or certain assets, properties or groups of properties or individual businesses or merger or combination with another company. The result of this review may also include the continued implementation of the Company’s business plan. There can be no assurance that any additional transactions or financings will result from this process. In that regard, the Company, entered into an Agreement and Plan of Merger with Clover Leaf Capital Corp., with a focus and mission to own and produce events, festivals, and entertainment alongside its evolving primary and secondary ticketing technologies. Pursuant to the Merger Agreement, the entertainment segment will become a separate publicly traded Company while the video and revenue cycle management segments will be retained by Digital Ally, Inc. Based on the uncertainties described above, the Company believes its business plan does not alleviate the existence of substantial doubt about its ability to continue as a going concern within one year from the date of the issuance of these consolidated financial statements. The accompanying consolidated financial statements do not include any adjustments related to the recoverability and classification of asset amounts or the classification of liabilities that might be necessary should the Company be unable to continue as a going concern.

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- Definition The entire disclosure for the organization, consolidation and basis of presentation of financial statements disclosure, and significant accounting policies of the reporting entity. May be provided in more than one note to the financial statements, as long as users are provided with an understanding of (1) the significant judgments and assumptions made by an enterprise in determining whether it must consolidate a VIE and/or disclose information about its involvement with a VIE, (2) the nature of restrictions on a consolidated VIE's assets reported by an enterprise in its statement of financial position, including the carrying amounts of such assets, (3) the nature of, and changes in, the risks associated with an enterprise's involvement with the VIE, and (4) how an enterprise's involvement with the VIE affects the enterprise's financial position, financial performance, and cash flows. Describes procedure if disclosures are provided in more than one note to the financial statements. + References Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef -Topic 235 -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Publisher FASB -URI https://asc.fasb.org//235/tableOfContent Reference 2: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef -Topic 275 -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Publisher FASB -URI https://asc.fasb.org//275/tableOfContent Reference 3: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef -Topic 810 -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Publisher FASB -URI https://asc.fasb.org//810/tableOfContent Reference 4: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef -Topic 205 -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Publisher FASB -URI https://asc.fasb.org//205/tableOfContent + Details
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