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Intangible assets, net
6 Months Ended
Jun. 30, 2022
Intangible assets, net  
Intangible assets, net

Note 9 – Intangible Assets, net

Intangible assets stated at cost less accumulated depreciation amortization consisted of the following:

    

June 30, 

    

December 31, 

2022

2021

Software

$

29,345

$

30,838

Land use rights*

 

299,224

 

314,456

Patents

 

4,479,000

 

4,707,000

Subtotal

 

4,807,569

 

5,052,294

Less: Accumulated amortization

 

(4,615,716)

 

(4,846,323)

Intangible assets, net

$

191,853

$

205,971

*There is no private ownership of land in China. Land is usually owned by the local government and the government grants land use rights for specified terms. The Company acquired land use rights from the local government in December 2002 for period of 50 years. As of June 30,2022 and December 31, 2021, land use rights with net book value of $187,514 and $200,204, respectively, were pledged as collateral for bank loans (Note 11).

Amortization expense for intangible assets totaled $4,280 and $235,593 for the six months ended June 30, 2022 and 2021, respectively.