S-1/A 1 tv486049-s1a.htm S-1/A
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As filed with submitted to the Securities and Exchange Commission on February 16, 2018
Registration No. 333-221225​
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UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549
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Amendment No. 5
to
FORM S-1
REGISTRATION STATEMENT UNDER THE SECURITIES ACT OF 1933
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SENMIAO TECHNOLOGY LIMITED
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)
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​ | Nevada | ​ | ​ | 6199 | ​ | ​ | 35-2600898 | ​
​ | (State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization) | ​ | ​ | (Primary Standard Industrial Classification Code Number) | ​ | ​ | (I.R.S. Employer Identification No.) | ​

16F, Shihao Square, Middle Jiannan Blvd.
High-Tech Zone, Chengdu
Sichuan, People’s Republic of China 610000
Tel: +86 28 61554399
(Address, including zip code, and telephone number, including area code, of registrant’s principal executive offices)
CSC Services of Nevada, Inc.
2215-B Renaissance Drive
Las Vegas, NV 89119
Ph: 800-927-9800
(Name, address including zip code, and telephone number, including area code, of agent for service)
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Copies to:

​ | Richard I. Anslow, Esq. Lawrence A. Rosenbloom, Esq. Ellenoff Grossman & Schole LLP 1345 Avenue of Americas, 11th Floor New York, NY 10105 Tel: (212) 370-1300 Fax: (212) 370-7889 | ​ | ​ | Ralph V. De Martino, Esq. F. Alec Orudjev, Esq. Schiff Hardin LLP 901 K Street NW Suite 700 Washington, D.C. 20001 Phone (202) 778-6400 Fax: (202) 778-6460 | ​

Approximate date of proposed sale to the public:
As soon as practicable after this Registration Statement is declared effective.
If any of the securities being registered on this Form are to be offered on a delayed or continuous basis pursuant to Rule 415 under the Securities Act of 1933, check the following box: ☒
If this Form is filed to register additional securities for an offering pursuant to Rule 462(b) under the Securities Act, check the following box and list the Securities Act registration statement number of the earlier effective registration statement for the same offering. ☐
If this Form is a post-effective amendment filed pursuant to Rule 462(c) under the Securities Act, check the following box and list the Securities Act registration statement number of the earlier effective registration statement for the same offering. ☐
If this Form is a post-effective amendment filed pursuant to Rule 462(d) under the Securities Act, check the following box and list the Securities Act registration statement number of the earlier effective registration statement for the same offering. ☐
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, or a smaller reporting company. See the definitions of  “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act. (Check one):

​ | Large accelerated filer ☐ | ​ | ​ | Accelerated filer ☐ | ​
​ | Non-accelerated filer ☐ | ​ | ​ | Smaller reporting company ☒ | ​
​ | (Do not check if a smaller reporting company) | ​ | ​ | Emerging growth company ☒ | ​

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check market if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 7(a)(2)(B) of the Securities Act.  ☒

CALCULATION OF REGISTRATION FEE | ​
Title of Class of Securities to be Registered | ​ | ​ | Amount to Be Registered | ​ | ​ | Proposed Maximum Offering Price per Share | ​ | ​ | Proposed Maximum Aggregate Offering Price(1) | ​ | ​ | Amount of Registration Fee | ​
Common stock, par value $0.0001(2) | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 3,737,500 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | $ | 4.50 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | $ | 16,818,750 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | $ | 2,093.93 | ​ | ​
Underwriter’s Warrant to purchase shares of common stock(3)(5) | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​
Common stock underlying underwriter’s warrants(3)(4) | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 373,750 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | $ | 5.40 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | $ | 2,018,250 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | $ | 251.27 | ​ | ​
Total(6) | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 4,111,250 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | $ | 18,837,000 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | $ | 2,345.20 | ​ | ​
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(1)
Estimated solely for the purpose of calculating the registration fee pursuant to Rule 457(o) under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended.
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(2)
Includes 487,500 shares of common stock which may be issued on exercise of a 45-day option granted to the underwriters to cover over-allotments, if any.
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(3)
We have agreed to issue to the underwriter, upon closing of this offering, warrants exercisable for a period of five years from the effective date of this registration statement representing 10% of the aggregate number of shares of common stock issued in this offering. Resales of shares of common stock issuable upon exercise of the underwriter warrants are being similarly registered on a delayed or continuous basis. See “Underwriting.”
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(4)
Estimated solely for the purposes of calculating the registration fee pursuant to Rule 457(g) under the Securities Act. We have calculated the proposed maximum aggregate offering price of the common stock underlying the underwriter’s warrants by assuming that such warrants are exercisable at a price per share equal to 120% of the price per share sold in this offering.
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(5)
No separate registration fee required pursuant to Rule 457(g) under the Securities Act.
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(6)
Previously paid
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The registrant hereby amends this registration statement on such date or dates as may be necessary to delay its effective date until the registrant shall file a further amendment which specifically states that this registration statement shall thereafter become effective in accordance with Section 8(a) of the Securities Act of 1933 or until the registration statement shall become effective on such date as the Securities and Exchange Commission, acting pursuant to Section 8(a) may determine.
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The information in this prospectus is not complete and may be changed. We may not sell these securities until the registration statement filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) is effective. This prospectus is not an offer to sell these securities and is not soliciting an offer to buy these securities in any state where the offer or sale is not permitted.
Preliminary Prospectus Subject to Completion, dated February 16, 2018
3,250,000 Shares
Common Stock
SENMIAO TECHNOLOGY LIMITED
This is an initial public offering of shares of common stock of Senmiao Technology Limited. We are selling up to 3,250,000 shares of our common stock in this offering.
Prior to this offering, there has been no public market for our common stock. It is currently estimated that the initial public offering price per share will be between $4.00 and $4.50 per share. We have applied to list our common stock on The Nasdaq Capital Market (“Nasdaq”) under the symbol “AIHS.” We believe that upon completion of the offering contemplated by this prospectus, we will meet the standards for listing our common stock on Nasdaq.
We are an “emerging growth company” as defined in the Jumpstart Our Business Act of 2012, as amended, and, as such, will be subject to reduced public company reporting requirements.
An investment in our securities is highly speculative, involves a high degree of risk and should be considered only by persons who can afford the loss of their entire investment. See “Risk Factors” beginning on page 9 of this prospectus.
Neither the SEC nor any state securities commission has approved or disapproved of these securities or passed upon the accuracy or adequacy of this prospectus. Any representation to the contrary is a criminal offense.

​ | ​ | ​ | Per Share | ​ | ​ | Total | ​
Public offering price | ​ | ​ | ​ | $ |  | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | $ |  | ​ | ​
Underwriting fee and commissions(1) | ​ | ​ | ​ | $ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | $ | ​ | ​ | ​
Proceeds to us, before expenses | ​ | ​ | ​ | $ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | $ | ​ | ​ | ​

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(1)
We have agreed to issue upon the closing of this offering, compensation warrants to ViewTrade Securities Inc. (“ViewTrade”) as representative of the underwriters, entitling it to purchase up to 10% of the number of shares sold in this offering. We have also agreed to pay a non-accountable expense allowance to the underwriters of 0.5% of the gross proceeds received in this offering and to reimburse the underwriters for other out-of-pocket expenses related to the offering. For a description of other terms of the compensation warrants and a description of the other compensation to be received by the underwriters, see “Underwriting.”
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We have granted the representatives an option, exercisable for 45 days from the date of this prospectus, to purchase up to an additional 487,500 shares of our common stock on the same terms as the other shares being purchased by the underwriters from us.
The underwriters expect to deliver the common stock against payment in U.S. dollars on or about            , 2018.
The date of this prospectus is            , 2018.

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​ | ​ | ​ | Page Number | ​
Prospectus Summary | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 1 | ​ | ​
Risk Factors | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 9 | ​ | ​
Cautionary Note Regarding Forward-Looking Statements | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 50 | ​ | ​
Use of Proceeds | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 51 | ​ | ​
Dividend Policy | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 53 | ​ | ​
Capitalization | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 54 | ​ | ​
Dilution | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 55 | ​ | ​
Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Conditions and Results of Operations | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 56 | ​ | ​
Business | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 72 | ​ | ​
Management | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 106 | ​ | ​
Executive Compensation | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 111 | ​ | ​
Certain Relationships and Related Transactions | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 114 | ​ | ​
Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 115 | ​ | ​
Description of Securities | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 116 | ​ | ​
Market for Common Equity and Related Stockholder Matters | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 118 | ​ | ​
Shares Eligible for Future Sale | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 119 | ​ | ​
Underwriting | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 121 | ​ | ​
Legal Matters | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 126 | ​ | ​
Experts | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 126 | ​ | ​
Changes In and Disagreements With Accountants on Accounting and Financial Disclosure | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 126 | ​ | ​
Where You Can Find More Information | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 127 | ​ | ​
Financial Statements | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | F-1 | ​ | ​

You should rely only on the information contained in this prospectus. We have not, and the underwriters have not, authorized anyone to provide you with different information. If anyone provides you with different or inconsistent information, you should not rely on it. We are not, and the underwriters are not, making an offer to sell securities in any jurisdiction where the offer or sale is not permitted. You should not assume that the information contained in this prospectus is accurate as of any date other than the date on the front of this prospectus.
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PROSPECTUS SUMMARY
The following summary does not contain all of the information you should consider before investing in our securities. You should read the following summary together with the entire prospectus carefully, including the “Risk Factors” section beginning on page 9 and our financial statements and notes thereto beginning on page F-1 before making an investment decision. Unless otherwise indicated, all information in this prospectus assumes no exercise of the underwriters’ over-allotment option.
Our Company
Overview
We are an online lending platform in China connecting Chinese investors with individual and small- to-medium-sized enterprise (“SME”) borrowers and creditors. Through our platform, we offer quick and easy access to credit to borrowers and creditors and attractive investment returns for investors. Since the acquisition of our platform in September 2016 and through December 31, 2017, we have facilitated direct loans and assignment of loans with an aggregate of principal of over RMB427 million (approximately US$67.8 million). As of December 31, 2017, we had a total of 3,364 investors, 1,936 borrowers and two creditors had participated in loan transactions through our platform. As discussed below in detail, from time to time, our management and shareholders have invested in loans through our platform using their personal funds and may continue to do so in the future. We currently conduct our business operations exclusively in China, and all of our investors, borrowers and creditors are located in China.
Historically, we offered two types of products: standard loans and assignment of loans, providing qualified borrowers with convenient access to affordable credit at competitive prices and creditors with a fast and cost efficient way to assign their existing loans for more liquidity. Starting in January 2018, we no longer offer the loan assignment services to creditors in preparation for our record-filing under the newly promulgated regulations of the marketplace lending industry. For more information on these regulations, see “Regulations — Regulations Related to the Marketplace Lending Industry.” To continue to utilize our relationship with existing creditors, whom we now refer to as our business partners, we have signed cooperation agreements with them pursuant to which these business partners will introduce their customers with financing needs to us in connection with their transactions with such customers. For more information on our new business model with our business partners, see “Business — Cooperation with Business Partners.”
All of the loans facilitated or assigned through our platform are secured or guaranteed and feature fixed interest rates. The interest rates, transaction fees and other charges are all disclosed to the users of our platform.
Our online platform provides investors with attractive returns with investment thresholds as low as RMB100 (approximately US$15.9). Investors have the option to individually select specific loans to invest in or to use our automated investing tool that identifies and selects loans on the basis of an investor targeted return and term of the loans.
We generate revenues primarily from fees charged for our services in matching investors with borrowers and creditors. We charge borrowers and creditors transaction fees based on the loan amounts for services provided through our platform in facilitating loan transactions and managing existing loans. The fees charged to borrowers and creditors are paid (i) upon disbursement of the proceeds for loans accruing interest on a monthly basis and (ii) upon full payment of principal and interest of loans accruing interest on a daily basis. Our transaction fees range from 0.30% to 2.98% of the loan amount for standard loans and from 0.32% to 0.94% for assigned loans. We also charge our investors a service fee of 8.00% of their actual investment return and the service fee is paid when the investors receive their interest payment.
We had net losses of US$596,645 and US$14,274 in the years ended March 31, 2017 and 2016, respectively. We had a net loss of  $1,111,140 in the nine months ended December 31, 2017. However, we expect to generate sufficient cash flows from operating activities to meet anticipated working capital requirements and capital expenditures for the next 12 months. To the extent that cash flows from operating
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activities are insufficient to meet our need for capital, we expect to depend on the proceeds of this offering and stockholder loans to fund operations for the next 12 months.
Our Strategy
Our mission is to provide consumers in China with easy access to affordable credit and investors with an attractive investment opportunities through our online platform. We intend to achieve this goal by pursing the following strategies:
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Follow good industry practices in China.
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Expand cooperation with direct selling companies.
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Broaden our user base.
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Further enhance our risk management capabilities.
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Continue to execute our mobile strategy.
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Continue to invest in our technology platform.
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Corporate History and Structure
We were incorporated in the State of Nevada on June 8, 2017. We established a wholly owned subsidiary, Sichuan Senmiao Zecheng Business Consulting Co., Ltd. (“WFOE,” or “Senmiao Consulting”) in China on July 28, 2017. We anticipate that substantially all of our business activities will be undertaken by WFOE and a variety interest entity (“VIE”), Sichuan Senmiao Ronglian Technology Co., Ltd. (“Sichuan Senmiao”) in China.
Sichuan Senmiao was established in China in June 2014. The equity interest of Sichuan Senmiao is owned by 9 individuals in the PRC (see the corporate structure diagram below for details). However, the purchase price for certain equity interest of Sichuan Senmiao has not been paid in full by the current owners to former owners, which will entitle the former owners to cancel the corresponding equity interest transfer agreements and have the equity interest transferred back to them if the purchase price is not paid in full by March 31, 2018. The total purchase price to be paid by March 31, 2018 is RMB 58.95 million (approximately US$9.36 million). On September 18, 2017, we entered into a series of contractual arrangements with Sichuan Senmiao and each of its equity holders through WFOE to obtain control and become the primary beneficiary of Sichuan Senmiao.
The following diagram illustrates our corporate structure, including our subsidiary and consolidated variable interest entity as of the date of this prospectus:
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Competitive Strengths
We believe the following competitive strengths contribute to our success and differentiate us from our competitors:
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Fast growing online lending platform in Sichuan servicing direct selling industry. We are one of a few early online lending platforms in Sichuan province. From the acquisition of our platform in September 2016 and through December 31, 2017, we successfully facilitated loans (including loan assignments) between 1,589 investors and 1,936 borrowers and two creditors, representing an aggregate value of over RMB427 million (approximately US$67.8 million). We are also leveraging our relationship with Resgreen Health Science & Technology Group Co., Ltd (“Resgreen Group”), a direct selling company based in Changsha, China, with over a million users. We are aiming to position ourselves as a leading online lending platform for the direct selling industry in the PRC. We believe our scale, brand, risk management capabilities and technology platform allow us to effectively attract new participants, lower costs for our users, provide high-quality loan investment opportunities, create higher liquidity and thus reinforce our market position. As of the date of this prospectus, there are approximately 38 lending platforms in Sichuan province. Although some of these companies are established lending platforms with large and existing borrower and investor bases as well as substantial financial resources, we believe that our sophisticated custodian system and compatibility with current PRC regulations will make us more attractive to both borrowers and investors. Based on information available on our competitors’ websites as well as third party sources, we believe we were the first non-state owned lending platform in Sichuan that has established a custodian system with a depository bank pursuant to the requirements of applicable PRC regulations. We set up our custodian system with Guangdong Huaxing Bank in February of 2017 while most of our competitors were either negotiating their agreements with custodian banks or were (or currently remain) in the process of transitioning to the custodian system operated by their depository banks. In addition, loan transactions on our platform comply with restrictions on aggregate loan amounts for individual borrowers and entities set forth in PRC regulations while our competitors are in the process of restructuring loans on their platforms to comply with such requirement.
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Low investment thresholds. We attract investors with a minimum investment amount of RMB100 (approximately US$15.9), which is lower than most of the traditional investment products, thereby providing investors with the flexibility to invest as much and as frequently through our platform as desired. A low minimum investment amount also enables investors to diversify their loan portfolio. From the acquisition of our platform to December 31, 2017, the average investment was approximately RMB464,608 (approximately US$73,766) and the average number of loans in an investor’s loan portfolio was 9.58.
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Highly secured investment. Each loan facilitated or assigned on our platform is guaranteed by unaffiliated third parties who are jointly and severally liable for the loan and/or secured by collateral provided by borrowers. We have not had any defaulted loans or delinquencies since the acquisition of our platform.
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Attractive user experience. We offer an attractive, easy to use user experience to our platform participants. We provide borrowers and creditors with quick and convenient access to credit at affordable and competitive rates through our online platform that is accessible anytime and anywhere online and through our mobile application. From the acquisition of our platform in September 2016 to December 31, 2017, we facilitated loans to 1,936 borrowers and two creditors through our platform. We offer investors easy and quick access to an alternative asset class with attractive potential returns, as well as an attractive user experience. 1,589 investors made investments through our platform during the period from the acquisition of our platform to December 31, 2017 with an average investment amount of approximately RMB464,608 (approximately US$73,766) per investor. Of these investors, 73.01% were repeat users of our platform, defined as those investors who made two or more investments through our platform during the period.
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Cost- efficient user acquisition. We invest in developing relationships with direct selling companies because we believe that they are well positioned to introduce our platform to a very broad potential user base due to the nature of their business. We have partnered with Resgreen Group to jointly promote our products and services to their business partners and members. Since March 2017 through December 31, 2017, we acquired approximately 22,600 new users through referrals from Resgreen Group of which users approximately 410 had invested through our platform. The terms of our agreement with Resgreen Group are discussed on in the section titled “Business.” With the increase in the number of new users from our partnership with Resgreen Group, we are able to effectively lower our user acquisition costs as compared to traditional user acquisition channels because we have been able to precisely market our platform to a large number of potential users with relevant low marketing expenses. In January 2018, we also started cooperating with prior creditors as well as new business partners to expand our borrower base. See “Business — Cooperation with Business Partners.”
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Comprehensive risk management system. Our risk management system enables us to evaluate potential borrowers in a market where reliable credit scores and borrower databases are still at early stage of development. Our system is built upon data accumulated through our operations, publicly available governmental data, and third party credit sources. We supplement these data with manual verification and fraud prevention processes. We consistently upgrade our risk management model with new credit data and technologies. We believe our risk management is comprehensive and efficient, as evidenced by the performance of various loan vintages facilitated through our platform.
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Experienced management team. We have a strong management team with many years of experience in consumer finance in China. Our chief executive officer, Ms. Xin Chen, played a key role in the establishment and operation of another peer-to-peer lending platform prior to joining Sichuan Senmiao. She also has over 20 years’ of accounting and finance experience based on her managerial and executive positions at various investment and real estate companies. Our management members also have significant experience in the consumer lending industry spanning multiple areas of expertise, including loan origination, risk management, product development, third party payment and collection in China.
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Selected Risks Related to Our Business
An investment in our business is highly speculative and subject to numerous risks and uncertainties that you should understand before making an investment decision. These risks are discussed more fully in the section titled “Risk Factors” beginning on page 9 of this prospectus. These risks include but not limited to the following:
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The marketplace lending industry in the PRC and globally is a new and evolving industry, and our business may fail.
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Our recent, rapid growth in the number of loans facilitated on our platform may not be indicative of our future growth and, if we continue to grow rapidly, we may not be able to manage our growth effectively.
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We have incurred net losses in the past, and may continue to incur them in the future.
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Our platform requires adequate funding from investors and access to adequate lending capital cannot be assured.
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If our credit assessment technology is ineffective, our platform may be less attractive to potential borrowers and investors, our reputation may be harmed and our market share could decline.
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We rely on data from third parties and prospective borrowers for the successful operation of our platform, and this data may be inaccurate or may not accurately reflect the potential borrower’s creditworthiness, which may cause us to inaccurately price loans facilitated through our platform and cause our reputation to be harmed.
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As the regulatory framework for our business evolves, Chinese and foreign governments may draft and propose new laws, regulations, notices or interpretive releases to regulate marketplace lending, including our online and mobile-based channels, which may negatively affect our business.
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Our variable interest entity arrangements are subject to evolving PRC regulations and we could be subject to severe penalties or be forced to relinquish our interests in those operations If the PRC government deems that the contractual arrangements in relation to our consolidated variable interest entity do not comply with PRC existing regulations, or if these regulations or the interpretation of existing regulations change in the future.
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All of our directors and executive officers reside within China and most of the assets of these persons are located within China, which makes it difficult for our shareholders to enforce their rights.
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We have identified material weaknesses in our internal control over financial reporting. If we fail to develop and maintain an effective system of internal control over financial reporting, we may be unable to accurately report our financial results or prevent fraud.
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We are dependent upon Resgreen Group, a direct selling company in China, to acquire new users and further expand our borrower and investor base. Any interruption in our partnership with Resgreen Group could materially and adversely affect our growth and financial condition.
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Implications of Being an Emerging Growth Company
As a company with less than $1.07 billion in revenue during our last fiscal year, we qualify as an “emerging growth company” as defined in the Jumpstart Our Business Startups Act, or JOBS Act, enacted in April 2012, and may take advantage of reduced reporting requirements that are otherwise applicable to public companies. These provisions include, but are not limited to:
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being permitted to present only two years of audited financial statements and only two years of related Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations in our SEC filings;
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not being required to comply with the auditor attestation requirements of Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act;
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reduced disclosure obligations regarding executive compensation in periodic reports, proxy statements and registration statements; and
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exemptions from the requirements of holding a nonbinding advisory vote on executive compensation and stockholder approval of any golden parachute payments not previously approved.
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We may take advantage of these provisions until the last day of our fiscal year following the fifth anniversary of the date of the first sale of our common equity securities pursuant to an effective registration statement under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended. However, if certain events occur before the end of such five-year period, including if we become a “large accelerated filer,” our annual gross revenues exceed $1.07 billion or we issue more than $1.00 billion of non-convertible debt in any three-year period, we will cease to be an emerging growth company before the end of such five-year period.
In addition, Section 107 of the JOBS Act provides that an “emerging growth company” can take advantage of the extended transition period provided in Section 7(a)(2)(B) of the Securities Act for complying with new or revised accounting standards. We have elected to take advantage of the extended transition period for complying with new or revised accounting standards and acknowledge such election is irrevocable pursuant to Section 107 of the JOBS Act.
Recent Developments
On January 29, 2018, our board of directors and stockholders approved a one-for-two reverse stock split of our issued and outstanding shares of common stock (the “Reverse Stock Split”), which became effective on January 29, 2018. All share and per share value of the Company’s common stock for all periods presented in the Registration Statement of which this prospectus forms a part are retroactively restated for the effect of the Reverse Stock Split.
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Corporate Information
Our principal executive office is located at 16F, Building A, Shihao Square, Middle Jiannan Avenue, High-Tech Zone, Chengdu, Sichuan, China, and our telephone number at that address is +86 28 61554399. Our website is http://www.ihongsen.com. Information contained on our website does not constitute part of, and is not deemed incorporated by reference into, this prospectus.
Conventions that Apply to this Prospectus
Unless otherwise indicated or the context otherwise requires, references in this prospectus to:
“APR” or “annual percentage rate” refers to the annual interest rate that is charged to borrowers, expressed as a single percentage number that represents the actual yearly cost of funds over the term of a loan.
“China” or the “PRC” refers to the People’s Republic of China, excluding, for the purposes of this prospectus only, Hong Kong, Macau and Taiwan;
“Restructuring” refers to the establishment of a WFOE and the execution of a series of agreements among the Company, WFOE, Sichuan Senmiao and the equity holders of Sichuan Senmiao, pursuant to which the we have gained control of and become the primary beneficiary to Sichuan Senmiao;
“RMB” and “Renminbi” refer to the legal currency of China;
“Sichuan Senmiao” refers to Sichuan Senmiao Ronglian Technology Co., Ltd., our variable interest entity;
“Senmiao,” “we,” “us,” “our company” and “our” refer to Senmiao Technology Limited., its subsidiary and its consolidated variable interest entity;
“Senmiao Consulting” and “WFOE” refer to Sichuan Senmiao Zecheng Business Consulting Co., Ltd., a wholly foreign owned entity to be established by us in China;
“US$,” “U.S. dollars,” “$,” and “dollars” refer to the legal currency of the United States.
We use U.S. dollars as reporting currency in our financial statements and in this prospectus. Monetary assets and liabilities denominated in Renminbi are translated into U.S. dollars at the rates of exchange as of the balance sheet date, equity accounts are translated at historical exchange rates, and revenues, expenses, gains and losses are translated using the average rate for the period. In other parts of this prospectus, any Renminbi denominated amounts are accompanied by translations. With respect to amounts not recorded in our consolidated financial statements included elsewhere in this prospectus, all translations from Renminbi to U.S. dollars were made at RMB6.2984 to US$1.00, the noon buying rate set forth in the H.10 statistical release of the Federal Reserve Board on February 2, 2018. We make no representation that the Renminbi or U.S. dollar amounts referred to in this prospectus could have been or could be converted into U.S. dollars or Renminbi, as the case may be, at any particular rate or at all. The PRC government restricts or prohibits the conversion of Renminbi into foreign currency and foreign currency into Renminbi for certain types of transactions. On February 2, 2018, the noon buying rate set forth in the H.10 statistical release of the Federal Reserve Board was RMB6.2984 to US$1.00.
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THE OFFERING
Securities offered by us
3,250,000 on a firm commitment basis.
Shares of common stock outstanding before this offering
22,500,000 shares
Shares of common stock outstanding after this offering
25,750,000 shares (excludes shares of common stock underlying underwriters’ warrants and assumes no exercise of the underwriter’s over-allotment option)
Underwriters’ over-allotment
option
We have granted the underwriters 45 days from the date of this prospectus, to purchase up to an additional 487,500 shares of our common stock on the same terms as the other shares being purchased by the underwriters from us.
Use of proceeds
We estimate that we will receive net proceeds of approximately $11.4 million from this offering, assuming an initial public offering price of  $4.25 per share, the mid-point of the estimated range of the initial public offering price shown on the cover page of this prospectus, after deducting estimated underwriting discounts and commissions and estimated offering expenses payable by us. We plan to use the net proceeds we will receive from this offering for business development, technology development and new hires, as well as for general working capital purposes. 85% of the net proceeds from this offering will be used by Sichuan Senmiao and the rest of the net proceeds will be used by us for the above discussed purposes. See “Use of Proceeds.”
Indemnification Escrow
Net proceeds of this offering in the amount of  $1,200,000 shall be used to fund an escrow account for a period of 18 months following the closing date of this offering, which account shall be used in the event we have to indemnify the underwriters pursuant to the terms of an underwriting agreement with the underwriters. Except as described below, the funds in the escrow account that are not subject to an indemnification claim as of 12 month anniversary of closing will be returned to us in accordance with the terms of the escrow agreement. In accordance with the terms of the underwriting agreement, we may not change our independent auditing firm within one year of the closing of this offering without the prior written consent of the Representative, which will not be unreasonably withheld. We have agreed to replace our independent auditing firm with a new independent auditing firm within 60 days of the closing of this offering, upon such appointment, we will cause the new auditing firm to conduct a review of our financial statements included in this registration statement. Following the new auditing firm’s written confirmation to the Representative following that review that there are no material misstatements or adjustments which would require restatements of any of the financial statements included in the registration statement, then $600,000 of the escrow amount will be released to us no later than 30 calendar days following the Representative’s receipt of the written confirmation.
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Lock-up
Our executive officers, directors, and stockholders holding in the aggregate 100% of our common stock prior to the offering, collectively, have agreed with the underwriters not to sell, transfer or dispose of any shares or similar securities for a period of 12 months following the closing of this offering. In addition, from the end of the twelve (12) month period until twenty four (24) months following the date of the final prospectus, such persons whose holdings will be subject to lockup restrictions may sell their securities pursuant to the following criteria: following the completion of this offering, if the reported closing per share price of our common stock is at least 140% of the initial public offering price per share in this offering, the Representative will release the lock-up restrictions, provided, however, that any proposed sales of such securities will be subject to: (i) the restrictions under the applicable U.S. securities laws, rules and regulations, and (ii) trading volume limitations not to exceed 10% of the average trading volume over a 30-trading day period immediately preceding the sale date.
We have agreed, for a period of 180 days after the closing of this offering, not to sell, transfer or dispose of any shares or similar securities, subject to certain exceptions.
See “Shares Eligible for Future Sale” and “Underwriting.”
Underwriter Warrants
Upon the closing of this offering, we will issue to ViewTrade, as representative of the underwriters, warrants entitling the representative to purchase 10% of the aggregate number of shares issued in this offering. The warrants shall be exercisable for a period of five years from the effective date of the Registration Statement on Form S-1 of which this prospectus forms a part. For additional information, please refer to the Underwriting section on page121.
Proposed Nasdaq symbol
We have applied to list our common stock on the Nasdaq Capital Market under the symbol “AIHS.”
Transfer Agent and Registrar
VStock Transfer, LLC.
Dividend Policy
We do not anticipate paying any cash dividends on our shares of common stock following this offering.
Risk Factors
See “Risk Factors” and other information included in this prospectus for a discussion of factors you should carefully consider before deciding to invest in our securities.
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RISK FACTORS
An investment in our securities involves significant risks. You should consider carefully all of the information in this prospectus, including the risks and uncertainties described below, before making an investment in our securities. Any of the following risks could have a material and adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations. In any such case, the market price of our securities could decline, and you may lose all or part of your investment.
Risks Related to Our Business
We have a limited operating history in a new and evolving market, which makes it difficult to evaluate our future prospects.
The market for China’s online marketplace lending is new and may not develop as expected. The regulatory framework for this market is also evolving and may remain uncertain for the foreseeable future. Potential borrowers and investors may not be familiar with this market and may have difficulty distinguishing our services from those of our competitors. Convincing potential new users of the value of our services is critical to increasing the volume of loan transactions facilitated through our platform and to the success of our business.
Our online platform (or the Aihongsen platform) was launched in May 2014 by its former owner and acquired by us in September 2016. Our platform has a limited operating history. As our business develops or in response to competition, we may introduce new products or make adjustments to our existing products, or make adjustments to our business model. In connection with the introduction of new products or in response to general economic conditions, we may impose more stringent borrower qualifications to ensure the quality of loans on our platform, which may negatively affect the growth of our business. Any significant change to our business model may not achieve expected results and may have a material and adverse impact on our financial conditions and results of operations. It is therefore difficult to effectively assess our future prospects. You should consider our business and prospects in light of the risks and challenges we encounter or may encounter in this developing and rapidly evolving market. These risks and challenges include our ability to, among other things:
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navigate an evolving regulatory environment;
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expand the base of users served on our platform;
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broaden our loan product offerings;
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enhance our risk management capabilities;
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improve our operational efficiency;
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cultivate a vibrant marketplace lending ecosystem;
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maintain the security of our platform and the confidentiality of the information provided and utilized across our platform;
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attract, retain and motivate talented employees; and
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defend ourselves against litigation, regulatory, intellectual property, privacy or other claims.
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If we fail to educate potential users about the value of our platform and services, if the market for our platform does not develop as we expect, or if we fail to address the needs of our target market, or other risks and challenges, our business and results of operations will be harmed.
If we are unable to maintain or increase the volume of loans facilitated or assigned through our platform or if we are unable to retain existing borrowers or investors or attract new borrowers or investors, our business and results of operations will be adversely affected.
The volume of loans facilitated and assigned through our platform has grown since our acquisition of the platform. The total amount of loans facilitated or assigned through our platform was RMB427 million (approximately US$67.8 million) from September 2016 to December 31, 2017. To achieve and maintain the growth of our platform, we must continuously increase the volume of loan transactions by retaining current
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participants and attracting more users. We intend to continue to dedicate significant resources to our user acquisition efforts, including establishing new acquisition channels, particularly as we continue to grow our platform and introduce new loan products. We utilize online channels, such as search engine marketing, search engine optimization and partnerships with internet companies, as well as our on-the-ground sales network for user acquisition. If there are insufficient qualified loan requests, investors may be unable to deploy their capital in a timely or efficient manner and may seek other investment opportunities. If there are insufficient investor commitments, borrowers may be unable to obtain capital through our platform and may turn to other sources for their financing needs.
The overall transaction volume through our platform may be affected by several factors, including, without limitation, our brand recognition and reputation, the interest rates offered to users relative to market rates, the effectiveness of our risk control, the repayment rate on our platform, the efficiency of our platform, the PRC macroeconomic environment and other factors. In connection with the introduction of new products or in response to general economic conditions, we may also impose more stringent borrower qualifications to ensure the quality of loans on our platform, which may negatively affect the growth of loan volume. In addition, although we have entered into a Cooperation Framework Agreement with Resgreen Group, pursuant to which Resgreen Group will introduce our products and services to its members and business partners, we cannot assure you that we will receive sufficient referrals from Resgreen Group. If any of our current user acquisition channels become less effective, if we are unable to continue to use any of these channels or if we are not successful in using new channels, we may not be able to attract new investors in a cost-effective manner or convert potential borrowers and investors into active borrowers and users, and may even lose our existing users to our competitors. If we are unable to attract qualified borrowers and sufficient investor commitments or if our users do not continue to participate in our platform at the current rates, we might be unable to increase our loan transaction volume and revenues as we expect, and our business and results of operations may be adversely affected.
If we are unable to maintain low default rates for loans facilitated by our platform, our business and results of operations may be materially and adversely affected.
Investments in loans on our platform involve inherent risks as the return of the principal on a loan investment made through our platform is not guaranteed, although we aim to limit investor losses due to borrower defaults through various preventive measures we have taken or will take. Our ability to attract borrowers and investors to, and build trust in, our platform is significantly dependent on our ability to effectively evaluate a borrower’s credit profile and maintain low default rates. If we are unable to effectively and accurately assess the credit profiles of borrowers, we may either be unable to offer attractive fee rates to borrowers and returns to investors, or unable to maintain low default rates of loans facilitated by our platform. In addition, once a loan application is approved, we do not further monitor certain aspects of the borrower’s credit profile, such as changes in the borrower’s credit report and the borrower’s actual use of proceeds. If the borrower’s financial condition deteriorates, we may not be able to take measures to prevent default on the part of the borrower and thereby maintain low default rates for loans facilitated by our platform. As of the date of this prospectus, there have not been any default or delinquencies. If we expand to offer new loan products such as unsecured credit loans in the future, we may find it difficult or unable to maintain low default rates of loans facilitated through our platform. Although we implement various investor protection measures, if widespread defaults were to occur, investors may still incur losses and lose confidence in our platform and our business and results of operations may be materially and adversely affected.
If our loan products do not achieve sufficient market acceptance, our financial results and competitive position will be harmed.
We incur expenses and consume resources upfront to develop, acquire and market new loan products. New loan products must achieve high levels of market acceptance in order for us to recoup our investment in developing, acquiring and bringing them to market.
Our existing or new loan products and changes to our platform could fail to attain sufficient market acceptance for many reasons, including but not limited to:
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our failure to predict market demand accurately and supply loan products that meet this demand in a timely fashion;
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users of our platform may not like, find useful or agree with any changes;
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our failure to properly price new loan products;
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defects, errors or failures on our platform;
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negative publicity about our loan products or our platform’s performance or effectiveness;
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views taken by regulatory authorities that the new products or platform changes do not comply with PRC laws, rules or regulations applicable to us; and
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the introduction or anticipated introduction of competing products by our competitors.
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If our new loan products do not achieve adequate acceptance in the market, our competitive position, results of operations and financial condition could be harmed.
Failure to maintain relationships with our partners or implement our strategy to develop new relationships with other potential partners could have a material adverse effect on our business and results of operations.
Our relationships with our partners are important to our future success. However, our partners could choose to terminate their relationships with us or propose terms that we cannot accept.
One of our strategies is to continue to enter into new relationships with business partners, direct selling companies or financial services companies. We intend to explore additional forms of relationships with our existing partners and pursue additional relationships with other potential strategic partners, such as consumer transaction companies, banks, asset managers and insurance companies. Identifying, negotiating and maintaining relationships with our partners requires significant time and resources as does integrating third-party data and services. Our current agreements with our partners also do not prohibit them from working with our competitors or from offering competing services. Our competitors may be effective in providing incentives to our partners to favor their products or services over ours, which could have the effect of reducing the volume of loans facilitated through our platform if our partners were to direct potential borrowers to other platforms or otherwise endorse our competitors’ products over ours. Also, our partners may choose to offer a competing lending platform and become a competitor themselves. In addition, these partners may not perform as expected under our agreements with them, the benefits to us may not be as favorable as we expect and we may have disagreements or disputes with such partners, any of which could adversely affect our brand and reputation as well as our business operations. If we cannot successfully enter into and maintain effective relationships with partners, our business and results of operations may be adversely affected.
We are dependent upon Resgreen Group to acquire new users and further expand our borrower and investor base. Any interruption in our partnership with Resgreen Group could materially and adversely affect our growth and financial condition.
We currently rely on our partnership with Resgreen Group to acquire a significant percentage of users for our platform. For the period from April to December 31, 2017, 99.58% of new users of our platform are members of Resgreen Group. Through interaction with us via our platform, these users would likely become borrowers and investors in loan transactions facilitated through our platform. As of the date of this prospectus, Resgreen Group is the only direct selling company we have an agreement with. Although we plan to develop partnerships with other direct selling companies, we anticipate that our reliance on Resgreen Group for user acquisition and borrower base expansion will continue in the near future. An interruption in our business relationship or termination of our partnership with Resgreen Group could materially and adversely affect our growth and financial condition. We would also have to adjust our marketing and borrower acquisition strategies upon the occurrence of events that negatively affect Regreen Group’s operations and financial condition.
If we are unable to maintain relationships with our third-party service providers, our business will suffer.
We rely on third-party service providers to operate various aspects of our business and platform. For instance, we rely on our depository bank to provide fund depository services and third-party payment companies to serve as payment channels to ensure compliance with various laws and regulations. Most of
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our agreements with third-party service providers are non-exclusive and do not prohibit the third-party service provider from working with our competitors or from offering competing services. Our third-party service providers could decide that working with us is not in their interests, could decide to enter into exclusive or more favorable relationships with our competitors or could themselves become our competitor. Although we have changed third-party service providers in the past without difficulty, switching to new third-party service providers could cause temporary disruptions to our business. In addition, our third-party service providers may not perform as expected under our agreements or we could in the future have disagreements or disputes with our third-party service providers, which could negatively impact our operations or threaten our relationships with our third-party service providers.
Third-party payment companies and depository banks in China, including a depository bank that takes deposits and transfers funds on our platform and the third-party payment company with which it works, are subject to oversight by the People’s Bank of China (the “PBOC”) and must comply with complex rules and regulations, licensing and examination requirements, including, but not limited to, minimum registered capital, maintenance of payment business licenses, anti-money laundering regulations and management personnel requirements. Some third-party payment companies have been required by the PBOC to suspend their credit card pre-authorization and payment services in certain areas of China. If the third-party service providers that serve as payment channels for our platform were to suspend, limit or cease their operations, or if our relationships with our third-party service providers were to otherwise terminate, we would need to implement substantially similar arrangements with other third-party service providers. Negative publicity about our or other third-party service providers or the industry in general may also adversely affect our users’ confidence and trust in the use of third-party payment companies and depository banks to carry out the payment and depository functions in connection with the origination or assignment of loans on our platform. If any of these were to happen, the operation of our platform could be materially impaired and our results of operations would suffer.
The recently published Guidelines on Promoting Healthy Growth of Internet Finance, or the Guidelines, which were released by ten PRC central government ministries and regulators, including the PBOC, the China Banking Regulatory Commission (the “CBRC”), the Ministry of Finance, the Ministry of Public Security (the “MPS”) and the Cyberspace Administration of China, require market lending platforms to use bank depository accounts to hold lending capital, which is further emphasized in the Interim Measures for the Administration of Business Activities of Online Lending Information Intermediaries, or the Interim Measures. In addition, the Administrative Measures of Non-Bank Payments Institutions Network Payment Service, or the Administrative Measures, which became effective from July 1, 2016, prohibit payment institutions from opening payment accounts for institutions engaging in the lending business and also set ceilings for the maximum deposits permitted into an account opened with a third-party payment company. In February 2017, the CBRC released the Guidance to the Operation of Depositing Online Lending Funds, or the Guidance. The Guidance further specifies that qualified commercial banks may act as depositories to hold online lending funds, and that other banking financial institutions are not qualified to set up individual accounts or provide settlement and payment functions. The Guidance also sets forth basic requirements for commercial banks, including maintaining separate accounts to hold online lending funds and private funds owned by online lending platforms and prohibits outsourcing or assigning such entities’ responsibilities for setting up capital accounts, dealing with transaction information, verifying trading passwords and various other services to third parties, provided, however, that certain cooperation regarding payment services with third-party payment companies is permitted in accordance with clarifications by the CBRC. However, CBRC’s remarks regarding the Guidance are not entirely clear regarding the definition and scope of the term “certain cooperation regarding payment services.” In addition, the Guidance imposes certain responsibilities on online lending intermediaries such as us, including requiring them to organize independent auditing on funds depository accounts of borrowers and investors. The Guidance stipulated a 6-month grace period from the time of its announcement for online lending intermediaries to adjust their business models. See “Regulation—Regulations Related to the Marketplace Lending Industry.” In December 2016, we entered into, and modified our operations to be in compliance with, an agreement with Guangdong Huaxing Bank regarding the provision of funds depository services by Guangdong Huaxing Bank. The depository mechanism established by this agreement may not fully comply with the subsequently issued Guidance and we may need to amend the agreement to be in full compliance with the Guidance, including but not limited to
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setting up separate self-owned capital accounts with Guangdong Huaxing Bank and independent audit of funds in depository accounts of borrowers and investors. To the extent our current depository mechanism is not in full compliance with the Guidance, we may be required to make changes within the six-month grace period.
To the extent our current arrangements with Guangdong Huaxing Bank are deemed non-compliant with the Guidelines, the Administrative Measures, the Interim Measures and the Guidance or if changes to these arrangements are required by future rules or regulations, a material change to our business model may be required and our business may be materially and adversely impacted.
If we do not compete effectively, our results of operations could be harmed.
The online marketplace lending industry in China is intensely competitive and evolving. We compete with a large number of online finance marketplaces. We also compete with financial products and companies that attract borrowers, investors or both. With respect to borrowers, we primarily compete with other lending platforms and traditional financial institutions, such as consumer finance business units in commercial banks, credit card issuers and other consumer finance companies. With respect to investors, we primarily compete with other investment products and asset classes, such as equities, bonds, investment trust products, bank savings accounts and real estate.
Some of our competitors operate with different business models, have different cost structures or participate selectively in different market segments. They may ultimately prove more successful or more adaptable to new regulatory, technological and other developments. Some of our current and potential competitors have significantly more financial, technical, marketing and other resources than we do and may be able to devote greater resources to the development, promotion, sale and support of their platforms. Our competitors may also have longer operating histories, more extensive user bases, greater brand recognition and brand loyalty and broader partner relationships than us. Additionally, a current or potential competitor may acquire one or more of our existing competitors or form a strategic alliance with one or more of our competitors. Our competitors may be better at developing new products, offering more attractive investment returns or lower fees, responding faster to new technologies and undertaking more extensive and effective marketing campaigns. In response to competition and in order to grow or maintain the volume of loan transactions through our platform, we may have to offer higher investment return to investors or charge lower transaction fees, which could materially and adversely affect our business and results of operations.
We also face competition within Sichuan Province, which is where we conduct the bulk of our operations. As of the date of this prospectus, there are approximately 40 lending platforms in Sichuan province. The Company’s primary competitors in Sichuan include Sichuan Jinding Wealth Information Technology Co., Ltd. (“Jintian Wealth”), Koudai Network Services Co., Ltd., Chengdu Hongxue Jinxin Business Consulting Co., Ltd. and Chengdu Zhongke E-Commerce Co., Ltd. Although some of these companies, such as Jinding Wealth, are established lending platforms with large and existing borrower and investor bases as well as substantial financial resources.
Compared to these lending platforms, we believe that our sophisticated custodian system and compatibility with current PRC regulations will make us more attractive to both borrowers and investors. Based on information available on our competitors’ websites as well as third party sources, we believe we were the first non-state owned lending platform in Sichuan that has established a custodian system with a depository bank pursuant to the requirements of applicable PRC regulations. We set up our custodian system with Guangdong Huaxing Bank in February of 2017 while most of our competitors were either negotiating their agreements with custodian banks or were (or currently remain) in the process of transitioning to the custodian system operated by their depository banks. In addition, loan transactions on our platform comply with restrictions on aggregate loan amounts for individual borrowers and businesses set forth in PRC regulations while our competitors are in the process of restructuring loans on their platforms to comply with such requirement.
If we are unable to compete with such companies and meet the need for innovation in our industry, the demand for our platform could stagnate or substantially decline, we could experience reduced revenues or
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our platform could fail to achieve or maintain more widespread market acceptance, any of which could harm our business and results of operations.
If we fail to promote and maintain our brand in an effective and cost-efficient way, our business and results of operations may be harmed.
We believe that developing and maintaining awareness of our brand effectively is critical to attracting new and retaining existing borrowers and investors to our platform. Successful promotion of our brand and our ability to attract users depend largely on the effectiveness of our marketing efforts and the success of the channels we use to promote our platform. Our efforts to build our brand have caused us to incur expenses, and it is likely that our future marketing efforts will require us to incur additional expenses. These efforts may not result in increased revenues in the immediate future or at all and, even if they do, any increases in revenues may not offset the expenses incurred. If we fail to successfully promote and maintain our brand while incurring substantial expenses, our results of operations and financial condition would be adversely affected, which may impair our ability to grow our business.
Credit and other information that we receive from third parties about a borrower may be inaccurate or may not accurately reflect the borrower’s creditworthiness, which may compromise the accuracy of our credit assessment.
For the purpose of credit assessment, we obtain borrower credit information from third parties, such as financial institutions and e-commerce providers, and assess applicants’ credit and assign credit scores to borrowers based on such credit information. A credit score assigned to a borrower may not reflect that particular borrower’s actual creditworthiness because the credit score may be based on outdated, incomplete or inaccurate consumer reporting data. We currently do not have a comprehensive way to determine whether borrowers have obtained loans through other online finance marketplaces, creating the risk whereby a borrower may borrow money through our platform in order to pay off loans to investors on other platforms. Additionally, there is a risk that, following our obtaining a borrower’s credit information, the borrower may have:
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become delinquent in the payment of an outstanding obligation;
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defaulted on a pre-existing debt obligation;
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taken on additional debt; or
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sustained other adverse financial events.
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Such inaccurate or incomplete borrower credit information could compromise the accuracy of our credit assessment and adversely affect the effectiveness of our control over our default rates, which could in turn harm our reputation and materially and adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations.
In addition, our business of connecting investors and borrowers may constitute an intermediary service, and our contracts with these investors and borrowers may be deemed as intermediation contracts, under the PRC Contract Law. Under the PRC Contract Law, an intermediary may not claim for service fee and is liable for damages if it conceals any material fact intentionally or provides false information in connection with the conclusion of an intermediation contract, which results in harm to the client’s interests. See “Regulations — Regulations Related to the Marketplace Lending Industry.” Therefore, if we fail to provide material information to investors, or if we fail to identify false information received from borrowers or others and in turn provide such information to investors, and in either case if we are also found to be at fault, due to failure or deemed failure to exercise proper care, such as to conduct adequate information verification or employee supervision, we could be held liable for damages caused to investors as an intermediary pursuant to the PRC Contract Law. In addition, if we fail to complete our obligations under the agreements entered into with investors and borrowers, we could also be held liable for damages caused to borrowers or investors pursuant to the PRC Contract Law. On the other hand, we do not assume any liability solely on the basis of failure to correctly assess the creditworthiness of a particular borrower in the process of facilitating a loan transaction, as long as we do not conceal any material fact intentionally or provide false information, and are not found to be at fault otherwise. However, due to the lack of detailed
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regulations and guidance in the area of peer-to-peer lending services and the possibility that the PRC government authority may promulgate new laws and regulations regulating peer-to-peer lending services in the future, there are substantial uncertainties regarding the interpretation and application of current or future PRC laws and regulations for the peer-to-peer lending service industry, and there can be no assurance that the PRC government authority will ultimately take a view that is consistent with us.
Any harm to our brand or reputation or any damage to the reputation of the online marketplace lending industry may materially and adversely affect our business and results of operations.
Maintaining and enhancing the recognition and reputation of our brand is critical to our business and competitiveness. Factors that are vital to this objective include but are not limited to our ability to:
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maintain the quality and reliability of our platform;
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provide users with a superior experience in our platform;
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enhance and improve our credit assessment and decision-making models;
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effectively manage and resolve user complaints; and
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effectively protect personal information and privacy of users.
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Any malicious or innocent negative allegation made by the media or other parties about the foregoing or other aspects of our company, including but not limited to our management, business, compliance with law, financial conditions or prospects, whether with merit or not, could severely hurt our reputation and harm our business and operating results. As the market for China’s online marketplace lending is new and the regulatory framework for this market is also evolving, negative publicity about this industry may arise from time to time. Negative publicity about China’s online finance marketplace industry in general may also have a negative impact on our reputation, regardless of whether we have engaged in any inappropriate activities.
In addition, certain factors that may adversely affect our reputation are beyond our control. Negative publicity about our partners, outsourced service providers or other counterparties, such as negative publicity about their debt collection practices and any failure by them to adequately protect the information of users, to comply with applicable laws and regulations or to otherwise meet required quality and service standards could harm our reputation. Furthermore, any negative development in the online marketplace lending industry, such as bankruptcies or failures of other finance marketplaces, and especially a large number of such bankruptcies or failures, or negative perception of the industry as a whole, such as that arises from any failure of other finance marketplaces to detect or prevent money laundering or other illegal activities, even if factually incorrect or based on isolated incidents, could compromise our image, undermine the trust and credibility we have established and impose a negative impact on our ability to attract new borrowers and investors. Negative developments in the online marketplace lending industry, such as widespread borrower defaults, fraudulent behavior and/or the closure of other online finance marketplaces, may also lead to tightened regulatory scrutiny of the sector and limit the scope of permissible business activities that may be conducted by online finance marketplaces like us. If any of the foregoing takes place, our business and results of operations could be materially and adversely affected.
We have incurred net losses and may continue to incur net losses in the future.
We had net losses of US$596,645 and US$14,274 in the years ended March 31, 2017 and 2016, respectively. We had a net loss of  $1,111,140 in the nine months ended December 31, 2017 and may continue to incur losses in the future. We anticipate that our operating expenses will increase in the foreseeable future as we seek to continue to grow our business, attract borrowers, investors and partners and further enhance and develop our loan products and platform. These efforts may prove more expensive than we currently anticipate, and we may not succeed in increasing our revenue sufficiently to offset these higher expenses. There are other factors that could negatively affect our financial conditions. For example, the default rates of the loans facilitated through our platform may be higher than expected, which may lead to lower than expected net revenues. As a result of the foregoing and other factors, our net revenue growth may slow, our net income margins may decline or we may incur additional net losses in the future and may
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not be able to achieve and maintain profitability on a quarterly or annual basis. In addition, our net revenue growth rate will likely decline as our net revenue grows to higher levels.
We will likely need additional capital, and financing may not be available on terms acceptable to us, or at all.
In 2016 and 2017, our principal sources of liquidity were capital contribution and advances from our stockholders representing operating costs and expenses paid or borne by the stockholders on our behalf. As of December 31, 2017, we had cash and cash equivalents of US$85,202, compared with cash and cash equivalents of approximately US$161,292 as of March 31, 2017. Although we anticipate that, with the proceeds from this offering and anticipated cash flows from operating activities, we will be able to meet our anticipated working capital requirements and capital expenditures in the ordinary course of business for the next 12 months. If we fail to do so due to unexpected situations, we anticipate to receive loans from our stockholders to fund our operations. However, we cannot assure you this will be the case. We may need additional cash resources in the future if we experience changes in business conditions or other developments. We may also need additional cash resources in the future if we find and wish to pursue opportunities for investment, acquisition, capital expenditure or similar actions. If we determine that our cash requirements exceed the amount of cash and cash equivalents we have on hand at the time, we may seek to issue equity or debt securities or obtain credit facilities. The issuance and sale of additional equity would result in further dilution to our stockholders. The incurrence of indebtedness would result in increased fixed obligations and could result in operating covenants that would restrict our operations. We cannot assure you that financing will be available in amounts or on terms acceptable to us, if at all.
Our quarterly results may fluctuate significantly and may not fully reflect the underlying performance of our business.
Our quarterly results of operations, including the levels of our net revenues, expenses, net (loss)/income and other key metrics, may vary significantly in the future due to a variety of factors, some of which are outside of our control, and period-to-period comparisons of our operating results may not be meaningful, especially given our limited operating history. Accordingly, the results for any one quarter are not necessarily an indication of future performance. Fluctuations in quarterly results may adversely affect the price of our common stock. Factors that may cause fluctuations in our quarterly financial results include:
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our ability to attract new users and maintain relationships with existing users;
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loan volumes and the channels through which users are sourced, including the relative mix of online and offline channels;
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changes in our product mix and introduction of new loan products;
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the amount and timing of operating expenses related to acquiring users and the maintenance and expansion of our business, operations and infrastructure;
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our decision to manage loan volume growth during the period;
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network outages or security breaches;
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general economic, industry and market conditions;
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our emphasis on user experience instead of near-term growth; and
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the timing of expenses related to the development or acquisition of technologies or businesses.
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In addition, we experience seasonality in our business, reflecting seasonal fluctuations in internet usage and traditional personal consumption patterns. For example, we generally experience lower transaction value on our online finance marketplace during national holidays in China, particularly during the Chinese New Year holiday season in the first quarter of each year. Our results of operations may continue to be affected by such seasonality in the future.
Our reputation may be harmed if information supplied by borrowers is inaccurate, misleading or incomplete, including if the borrowers use the loan proceeds for purposes other than as originally provided.
Borrowers supply a variety of information that is included in the loan listings on our platform. We do not verify all the information we receive from borrowers, and such information may be inaccurate or
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incomplete. For example, we often do not verify a borrower’s intended use of loan proceeds after disbursement of loan proceeds, and the borrower may use loan proceeds for other purposes with increased risk than as originally provided. If investors invest in loans through our platform based on information supplied by borrowers that is inaccurate, misleading or incomplete, those investors may not receive their expected returns and our reputation may be harmed. Moreover, inaccurate, misleading or incomplete borrower information could also potentially subject us to liability as an intermediary under the PRC Contract Law. See “Regulations — Regulations Related to the Marketplace Lending Industry.”
Fraudulent activity on our platform could negatively impact our operating results, brand and reputation and cause the use of our loan products and services to decrease.
We are subject to the risk of fraudulent activity both on our platform and associated with users and third parties handling user information. Our resources, technologies and fraud detection tools may be insufficient to accurately detect and prevent fraud. Significant increases in fraudulent activity could negatively impact our brand and reputation, reduce the volume of loan transactions facilitated through our platform and lead us to take additional steps to reduce fraud risk, which could increase our costs. High profile fraudulent activity could even lead to regulatory intervention, and may divert our management’s attention and cause us to incur additional expenses and costs. Although we have not experienced any material business or reputational harm as a result of fraudulent activities in the past, we cannot rule out the possibility that any of the foregoing may occur causing harm to our business or reputation in the future. If any of the foregoing were to occur, our results of operations and financial conditions could be materially and adversely affected.
Misconduct, errors and failure to function by our employees and third-party service providers could harm our business and reputation.
We are exposed to many types of operational risks, including the risk of misconduct and errors by our employees and third-party service providers. Our business depends on our employees and third-party service providers to interact with potential users, process large numbers of transactions and support the loan collection process, all of which involve the use and disclosure of personal information. We could be materially adversely affected if transactions were redirected, misappropriated or otherwise improperly executed, if personal information was disclosed to unintended recipients or if an operational breakdown or failure in the processing of transactions occurred, whether as a result of human error, purposeful sabotage or fraudulent manipulation of our operations or systems. In addition, the manner in which we store and use certain personal information and interact with users through our platform is governed by various PRC laws. It is not always possible to identify and deter misconduct or errors by employees or third-party service providers, and the precautions we take to detect and prevent this activity may not be effective in controlling unknown or unmanaged risks or losses. If any of our employees or third-party service providers take, convert or misuse funds, documents or data or fail to follow protocol when interacting with users, we could be liable for damages and subject to regulatory actions and penalties. We could also be perceived to have facilitated or participated in the illegal misappropriation of funds, documents or data, or the failure to follow protocol, and therefore be subject to civil or criminal liability. Aggressive practices or misconduct by any of our third-party service providers in the course of collecting loans could damage our reputation.
Furthermore, as we rely on certain third-party service providers, such as third-party payment platforms and custody and settlement service providers, to conduct our business, if these third-party service providers failed to function properly, we cannot assure you that we would be able to find an alternative in a timely and cost-efficient manner or at all. Any of these occurrences could result in our diminished ability to operate our business, potential liability to borrowers and investors, inability to attract borrowers and investors, reputational damage, regulatory intervention and financial harm, which could negatively impact our business, financial condition and results of operations.
Fluctuations in interest rates could negatively affect transaction volume.
All loans facilitated or assigned through our platform have fixed interest rates. If interest rates rise, investors who have already committed capital may lose the opportunity to take advantage of the higher rates. If interest rates decrease after a loan is made or assigned, borrowers through our platform may prepay
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or repurchase their loans to take advantage of the lower rates. Investors through our platform would lose the opportunity to collect the above-market interest rates payable on the prepaid loans and might delay or reduce future loan investments. As a result, fluctuations in the interest rate environment may discourage users from participating in our platform, which may adversely affect our business.
A severe or prolonged downturn in the Chinese or global economy could materially and adversely affect our business and financial condition.
Any prolonged slowdown in the Chinese or global economy may have a negative impact on our business, results of operations and financial condition. In particular, general economic factors and conditions in China or worldwide, including the general interest rate environment and unemployment rates, may affect borrower willingness to seek loans and investor ability and desire to invest in loans. Economic conditions in China are sensitive to global economic conditions. The global financial markets have experienced significant disruptions since 2008 and the United States, Europe and other economies have experienced periods of recession. The recovery from the lows of 2008 and 2009 has been uneven and there are new challenges, including the escalation of the European sovereign debt crisis from 2011 and the slowdown of China’s economic growth since 2012 which may continue. There is considerable uncertainty over the long-term effects of the expansionary monetary and fiscal policies adopted by the central banks and financial authorities of some of the world’s leading economies, including the United States and China. There have also been concerns over unrest in Ukraine, the Middle East and Africa, which have resulted in volatility in financial and other markets. There have also been concerns about the economic effect of the tensions in the relationship between China and surrounding Asian countries. If present Chinese and global economic uncertainties persist, many of our investors may delay or reduce their investment in the loans facilitated through our platform. Adverse economic conditions could also reduce the number of qualified borrowers seeking loans on our platform, as well as their ability to make payments. Should any of these situations occur, the amount of loans facilitated through our platform and our net revenues will decline, and our business and financial conditions will be negatively impacted. Additionally, continued turbulence in the international markets may adversely affect our ability to access the capital markets to meet liquidity needs.
Our ability to protect the confidential information of our users may be adversely affected by cyber-attacks, computer viruses, physical or electronic break-ins or similar disruptions.
Our platform collects, stores and processes certain personal and other sensitive data from our users, which makes it an attractive target and potentially vulnerable to cyber-attacks, computer viruses, physical or electronic break-ins or similar disruptions. While we have taken steps to protect the confidential information that we have access to, our security measures could be breached. Because techniques used to sabotage or obtain unauthorized access to systems change frequently and generally are not recognized until they are launched against a target, we may be unable to anticipate these techniques or to implement adequate preventative measures. Any accidental or willful security breaches or other unauthorized access to our platform could cause confidential user information to be stolen and used for criminal purposes. Security breaches or unauthorized access to confidential information could also expose us to liability related to the loss of the information, time-consuming and expensive litigation and negative publicity. If security measures are breached because of third-party action, employee error, malfeasance or otherwise, or if design flaws in our technology infrastructure are exposed and exploited, our relationships with borrowers and investors could be severely damaged, we could incur significant liability and our business and operations could be adversely affected.
We have identified material weaknesses in our internal control over financial reporting. If we fail to develop and maintain an effective system of internal control over financial reporting, we may be unable to accurately report our financial results or prevent fraud.
Prior to this offering, we were a private company with limited accounting personnel and other resources with which to address our internal controls and procedures. We have identified “material weaknesses” and other control deficiencies including significant deficiencies in our internal control over financial reporting. As defined in the standards established by the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board of the United States, or PCAOB, a “material weakness” is a deficiency, or combination of
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deficiencies, in internal control over financial reporting, such that there is a reasonable possibility that a material misstatement of the annual or interim financial statements will not be prevented or detected on a timely basis.
One material weakness that has been identified related to our lack of sufficient financial reporting and accounting personnel (including a qualified Chief Financial Officer) with appropriate knowledge of U.S. GAAP and SEC reporting requirements to properly address complex U.S. GAAP accounting issues and to prepare and review our consolidated financial statements and related disclosures to fulfill U.S. GAAP and SEC financial reporting requirements. The other material weakness that has been identified related to our lack of comprehensive accounting policies and procedures manual in accordance with U.S. GAAP. Upon completion of this offering, we plan to engage a qualified Chief Financial Officer with comprehensive knowledge of U.S. GAAP and SEC reporting requirements. We also plan to adopt accounting policies and procedures manual in accordance with U.S. GAAP. As our operations continue to expand, we plan to hire additional accounting and finance staff to increase segregation of duties and also invest in technology infrastructure to support our financial reporting function. Despite these remedial measures, we might not be able to adequately address the weaknesses we have identified.
Neither we nor our independent registered public accounting firm undertook a comprehensive assessment of our internal control for purposes of identifying and reporting material weaknesses and other control deficiencies in our internal control over financial reporting as we and they will be required to do after we become a public company. Had we performed a formal assessment of our internal control over financial reporting or had our independent registered public accounting firm performed an audit of our internal control over financial reporting, additional deficiencies may have been identified.
Upon completion of this offering, we will become subject to the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002. Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act, or Section 404, will require that we include a report from management on the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting in our annual report on Form 10-K beginning with our Annual Report for the fiscal year ending March 31, 2019. In addition, once we cease to be an “emerging growth company” as such term is defined in the JOBS Act, our independent registered public accounting firm must attest to and report on the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting. Our management may conclude that our internal control over financial reporting is not effective. Moreover, even if our management concludes that our internal control over financial reporting is effective, our independent registered public accounting firm, after conducting its own independent testing, may issue a report that is qualified if it is not satisfied with our internal controls or the level at which our controls are documented, designed, operated or reviewed, or if it interprets the relevant requirements differently from us. In addition, after we become a public company, our reporting obligations may place a significant strain on our management, operational and financial resources and systems for the foreseeable future. We may be unable to timely complete our evaluation testing and any required remediation.
During the course of documenting and testing our internal control procedures, in order to satisfy the requirements of Section 404, we may identify other weaknesses and deficiencies in our internal control over financial reporting. In addition, if we fail to maintain the adequacy of our internal control over financial reporting, as these standards are modified, supplemented or amended from time to time, we may not be able to conclude on an ongoing basis that we have effective internal control over financial reporting in accordance with Section 404. If we fail to achieve and maintain an effective internal control environment, we could suffer material misstatements in our financial statements and fail to meet our reporting obligations, which would likely cause investors to lose confidence in our reported financial information. This could in turn limit our access to capital markets, harm our results of operations, and lead to a decline in the trading price of our securities. Additionally, ineffective internal control over financial reporting could expose us to increased risk of fraud or misuse of corporate assets and subject us to potential delisting from the stock exchange on which we list, regulatory investigations and civil or criminal sanctions. We may also be required to restate our financial statements from prior periods.
Our operations depend on the performance of the internet infrastructure and fixed telecommunications networks in China.
Almost all access to the internet in China is maintained through state-owned telecommunication operators under the administrative control and regulatory supervision of the Ministry of Industry and
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Information Technology, or the MIIT. We primarily rely on a limited number of telecommunication service providers to provide us with data communications capacity through local telecommunications lines and internet data centers to host our servers. We have limited access to alternative networks or services in the event of disruptions, failures or other problems with China’s internet infrastructure or the fixed telecommunications networks provided by telecommunication service providers. With the expansion of our business, we may be required to upgrade our technology and infrastructure to keep up with the increasing traffic on our platform. We cannot assure you that the internet infrastructure and the fixed telecommunications networks in China will be able to support the demands associated with the continued growth in internet usage.
In addition, we have no control over the costs of the services provided by telecommunication service providers. If the prices we pay for telecommunications and internet services rise significantly, our results of operations may be adversely affected. Furthermore, if internet access fees or other charges to internet users increase, our user traffic may decline and our business may be harmed.
High interest rates could negatively affect our ability to attract investors and borrowers to our platform.
A high interest rate environment may discourage investors and borrowers from participating in our platform and may reduce the number of loans facilitated on our platform, which may adversely affect our business. Therefore, our business could be adversely affected by potential interest rate increases in China.
Any significant disruption in service on our platform or in our computer systems, including events beyond our control, could prevent us from processing or posting loans on our platform, reduce the attractiveness of our platform and result in a loss of borrowers or investors.
In the event of a platform outage and physical data loss, our ability to perform our servicing obligations, process applications or make loans available on our platform would be materially and adversely affected. The satisfactory performance, reliability and availability of our platform and our underlying network infrastructure are critical to our operations, customer service, reputation and our ability to retain existing and attract new borrowers and investors. Much of our system hardware is hosted in cloud data center located in Hangzhou. We also maintain a real-time backup system at facilities located in Shenzhen. Our operations depend on our ability to protect our systems against damage or interruption from natural disasters, power or telecommunications failures, air quality issues, environmental conditions, computer viruses or attempts to harm our systems, criminal acts and similar events. If there is a lapse in service or damage to our leased Beijing facilities, we could experience interruptions in our service as well as delays and additional expense in arranging new facilities.
Any interruptions or delays in our service, whether as a result of third-party error, our error, natural disasters or security breaches, whether accidental or willful, could harm our relationships with our borrowers and investors and our reputation. Additionally, in the event of damage or interruption, our insurance policies may not adequately compensate us for any losses that we may incur. Our disaster recovery plan has not been tested under actual disaster conditions, and we may not have sufficient capacity to recover all data and services in the event of an outage. These factors could prevent us from processing or posting payments on loans, damage our brand and reputation, divert our employees’ attention, subject us to liability and cause borrowers and investors to abandon our platform, any of which could adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations.
Our platform and internal systems rely on software that is highly technical, and if it contains undetected errors, our business could be adversely affected.
Our platform and internal systems rely on software that is highly technical and complex. In addition, our platform and internal systems depend on the ability of such software to store, retrieve, process and manage immense amounts of data. The software on which we rely has contained, and may now or in the future contain, undetected errors or bugs. Some errors may only be discovered after the code has been released for external or internal use. Errors or other design defects within the software on which we rely may result in a negative experience for our users, delay introductions of new features or enhancements, result in errors or compromise our ability to protect user data or our intellectual property. Any errors, bugs or
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defects discovered in the software on which we rely could result in harm to our reputation, loss of user or liability for damages, any of which could adversely affect our business, results of operations and financial conditions.
We may not be able to prevent others from unauthorized use of our intellectual property, which could harm our business and competitive position.
We regard our trademarks, domain names, know-how, proprietary technologies and similar intellectual property as critical to our success, and we rely on a combination of intellectual property laws and contractual arrangements, including confidentiality and non-compete agreements with our employees and others to protect our proprietary rights. We have made twelve trade applications, both of which are pending with the Trademark Office under the State Administration for Industry and Commerce. See “Business — Intellectual Property” and “Regulation — Regulation on Intellectual Property Rights.” Thus, we cannot assure you that any of our intellectual property rights would not be challenged, invalidated, circumvented or misappropriated, or such intellectual property will be sufficient to provide us with competitive advantages. In addition, because of the rapid pace of technological change in our industry, parts of our business rely on technologies developed or licensed by third parties, and we may not be able to obtain or continue to obtain licenses and technologies from these third parties on reasonable terms, or at all.
It is often difficult to register, maintain and enforce intellectual property rights in China. Statutory laws and regulations are subject to judicial interpretation and enforcement and may not be applied consistently due to the lack of clear guidance on statutory interpretation. Confidentiality and non-compete agreements may be breached by counterparties, and there may not be adequate remedies available to us for any such breach. Accordingly, we may not be able to effectively protect our intellectual property rights or to enforce our contractual rights in China. Preventing any unauthorized use of our intellectual property is difficult and costly and the steps we take may be inadequate to prevent the misappropriation of our intellectual property. In the event that we resort to litigation to enforce our intellectual property rights, such litigation could result in substantial costs and a diversion of our managerial and financial resources. We can provide no assurance that we will prevail in such litigation. In addition, our trade secrets may be leaked or otherwise become available to, or be independently discovered by, our competitors. To the extent that our employees or consultants use intellectual property owned by others in their work for us, disputes may arise as to the rights in related know-how and inventions. Any failure in protecting or enforcing our intellectual property rights could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.
We may be subject to intellectual property infringement claims, which may be expensive to defend and may disrupt our business and operations.
We cannot be certain that our operations or any aspects of our business do not or will not infringe upon or otherwise violate trademarks, patents, copyrights, know-how or other intellectual property rights held by third parties. We may be from time to time in the future subject to legal proceedings and claims relating to the intellectual property rights of others. In addition, there may be third-party trademarks, patents, copyrights, know-how or other intellectual property rights that are infringed by our products, services or other aspects of our business without our awareness. Holders of such intellectual property rights may seek to enforce such intellectual property rights against us in China, the United States or other jurisdictions. If any third-party infringement claims are brought against us, we may be forced to divert management’s time and other resources from our business and operations to defend against these claims, regardless of their merits.
Additionally, the application and interpretation of China’s intellectual property right laws and the procedures and standards for granting trademarks, patents, copyrights, know-how or other intellectual property rights in China are still evolving and are uncertain, and we cannot assure you that PRC courts or regulatory authorities would agree with our analysis. If we were found to have violated the intellectual property rights of others, we may be subject to liability for our infringement activities or may be prohibited from using such intellectual property, and we may incur licensing fees or be forced to develop alternatives of our own. As a result, our business and results of operations may be materially and adversely affected.
Some aspects of our digital operations include open source software, and any failure to comply with the terms of one or more of these open source licenses could negatively affect our business.
Some aspects of our digital operations include software covered by open source licenses. The terms of various open source licenses have not been interpreted by PRC courts, and there is a risk that such licenses
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could be construed in a manner that imposes unanticipated conditions or restrictions on our online and mobile-based channels. If portions of our proprietary software are determined to be subject to an open source license, we could be required to publicly release the affected portions of our source code, re-engineer all or a portion of our technologies if required so by the license, or otherwise be limited in the licensing of our technologies, each of which could reduce or eliminate the value of our technologies and loan products. In addition to risks related to license requirements, usage of open source software can lead to greater risks than use of third-party commercial software, as open source licensors generally do not provide warranties or controls on the origin of the software. Many of the risks associated with use of open source software cannot be eliminated, and could adversely affect our business.
From time to time we may evaluate and potentially consummate strategic investments or acquisitions, which could require significant management attention, disrupt our business and adversely affect our financial results.
Although we do not currently have any plans to consummate any acquisitions, we may in the future evaluate and consider strategic investments, combinations, acquisitions or alliances in connection with our business expansion to further increase the value of our platform and better serve borrowers and investors. These transactions could be material to our financial condition and results of operations if consummated. If we are able to identify an appropriate business opportunity, we may not be able to successfully consummate the transaction and, even if we do consummate such a transaction, we may be unable to obtain the benefits or avoid the difficulties and risks of such transaction.
Strategic investments or acquisitions will involve risks commonly encountered in business relationships, including:
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difficulties in assimilating and integrating the operations, personnel, systems, data, technologies, products and services of the acquired business;
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inability of the acquired technologies, products or businesses to achieve expected levels of revenue, profitability, productivity or other benefits;
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difficulties in retaining, training, motivating and integrating key personnel;
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diversion of management’s time and resources from our normal daily operations;
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difficulties in successfully incorporating licensed or acquired technology and rights into our platform and loan products;
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difficulties in maintaining uniform standards, controls, procedures and policies within the combined organizations;
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difficulties in retaining relationships with customers, employees and suppliers of the acquired business;
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risks of entering markets in which we have limited or no prior experience;
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regulatory risks, including remaining in good standing with existing regulatory bodies or receiving any necessary pre-closing or post-closing approvals, as well as being subject to new regulators with oversight over an acquired business;
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assumption of contractual obligations that contain terms that are not beneficial to us, require us to license or waive intellectual property rights or increase our risk for liability;
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failure to successfully further develop the acquired technology;
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liability for activities of the acquired business before the acquisition, including intellectual property infringement claims, violations of laws, commercial disputes, tax liabilities and other known and unknown liabilities;
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potential disruptions to our ongoing businesses; and
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unexpected costs and unknown risks and liabilities associated with strategic investments or acquisitions.
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We may not make any investments or acquisitions, or any future investments or acquisitions may not be successful, may not benefit our business strategy, may not generate sufficient revenues to offset the associated acquisition costs or may not otherwise result in the intended benefits. In addition, we cannot assure you that any future investment in or acquisition of new businesses or technology will lead to the successful development of new or enhanced loan products and services or that any new or enhanced loan products and services, if developed, will achieve market acceptance or prove to be profitable.
Because some users may come to our platform from referrals of third parties, it is possible that an unsatisfied user could make a claim against us based on the content of any information provided by these third parties that could result in claims that are costly to defend and distracting to management.
Some users may come to our platform after reviewing information provided by a third party. We do not review, approve or adopt any information provided by third parties website and, while we do not believe we would have liability for such information, it is possible that an unsatisfied user could bring claims against us based on such information. Such claims could be costly and time-consuming to defend and would distract management’s attention from the operation of our business and create negative publicity, which could affect our reputation.
Our business depends on the continued efforts of our senior management. If one or more of our key executives were unable or unwilling to continue in their present positions, our business may be severely disrupted.
Our business operations depend on the continued services of our senior management, particularly the executive officers named in this prospectus. While we have provided different incentives to our management, we cannot assure you that we can continue to retain their services. If one or more of our key executives were unable or unwilling to continue in their present positions, we may not be able to replace them easily or at all, our future growth may be constrained, our business may be severely disrupted and our financial condition and results of operations may be materially and adversely affected, and we may incur additional expenses to recruit, train and retain qualified personnel. In addition, although we have entered into confidentiality and non-competition agreements with our management, there is no assurance that any member of our management team will not join our competitors or form a competing business. If any dispute arises between our current or former officers and us, we may have to incur substantial costs and expenses in order to enforce such agreements in China or we may be unable to enforce them at all.
Competition for employees is intense, and we may not be able to attract and retain the qualified and skilled employees needed to support our business.
We believe our success depends on the efforts and talent of our employees, including risk management, software engineering, financial and marketing personnel. Our future success depends on our continued ability to attract, develop, motivate and retain qualified and skilled employees. Competition for highly skilled technical, risk management and financial personnel is extremely intense. We may not be able to hire and retain these personnel at compensation levels consistent with our existing compensation and salary structure. Some of the companies with which we compete for experienced employees have greater resources than we have and may be able to offer more attractive terms of employment.
In addition, we invest significant time and expenses in training our employees, which increases their value to competitors who may seek to recruit them. If we fail to retain our employees, we could incur significant expenses in hiring and training their replacements, and the quality of our services and our ability to serve borrowers and investors could diminish, resulting in a material adverse effect to our business.
Increases in labor costs in the PRC may adversely affect our business and results of operations.
The economy in China has experienced increases in inflation and labor costs in recent years. As a result, average wages in the PRC are expected to continue to increase. In addition, we are required by PRC laws and regulations to pay various statutory employee benefits, including pension, housing fund, medical insurance, work-related injury insurance, unemployment insurance and maternity insurance to designated government agencies for the benefit of our employees. The relevant government agencies may examine whether an employer has made adequate payments to the statutory employee benefits, and those employers who fail to make adequate payments may be subject to late payment fees, fines and/or other penalties. We
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expect that our labor costs, including wages and employee benefits, will continue to increase. Unless we are able to control our labor costs or pass on these increased labor costs to our users by increasing the fees of our services, our financial condition and results of operations may be adversely affected.
Certain data and information in this prospectus were obtained from third-party sources and were not independently verified by us.
This prospectus contains certain data and information that we obtained from various government and private entity publications. Statistical data in these publications also include projections based on a number of assumptions. The Chinese credit industry, and marketplace lending in particular, may not grow at the rate projected by market data, or at all. Failure of this industry to grow at the projected rate may have a material adverse effect on our business and the market price of our common stock. In addition, the new and rapidly changing nature of the credit and marketplace lending industry results in significant uncertainties for any projections or estimates relating to the growth prospects or future condition of our industry. Furthermore, if any one or more of the assumptions underlying the market data is later found to be incorrect, actual results may differ from the projections based on these assumptions.
We have not independently verified the data and information contained in such third-party publications and reports. Data and information contained in such third-party publications and reports may be collected using third-party methodologies, which may differ from the data collection methods used by us. In addition, these industry publications and reports generally indicate that the information contained therein was believed to be reliable, but do not guarantee the accuracy and completeness of such information.
If we cannot maintain our corporate culture as we grow, we could lose the innovation, collaboration and focus that contribute to our business.
We believe that a critical component of our success is our corporate culture, which we believe fosters innovation, encourages teamwork and cultivates creativity. As we develop the infrastructure of a public company and continue to grow, we may find it difficult to maintain these valuable aspects of our corporate culture. Any failure to preserve our culture could negatively impact our future success, including our ability to attract and retain employees, encourage innovation and teamwork and effectively focus on and pursue our corporate objectives.
We do not have any business insurance coverage.
Insurance companies in China currently do not offer as extensive an array of insurance products as insurance companies in more developed economies. Currently, we do not have any business liability or disruption insurance to cover our operations. We have determined that the costs of insuring for these risks and the difficulties associated with acquiring such insurance on commercially reasonable terms make it impractical for us to have such insurance. Any uninsured business disruptions may result in our incurring substantial costs and the diversion of resources, which could have an adverse effect on our results of operations and financial condition.
We face risks related to natural disasters, health epidemics and other outbreaks, which could significantly disrupt our operations.
We are vulnerable to natural disasters and other calamities. Fire, floods, typhoons, earthquakes, power loss, telecommunications failures, break-ins, war, riots, terrorist attacks or similar events may give rise to server interruptions, breakdowns, system failures, technology platform failures or internet failures, which could cause the loss or corruption of data or malfunctions of software or hardware as well as adversely affect our ability to provide products and services on our platform.
Our business could also be adversely affected by the effects of Ebola virus disease, H1N1 flu, H7N9 flu, avian flu, Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome, or SARS, or other epidemics. Our business operations could be disrupted if any of our employees is suspected of having Ebola virus disease, H1N1 flu, H7N9 flu, avian flu, SARS or other epidemic, since it could require our employees to be quarantined and/or our offices to be disinfected. In addition, our results of operations could be adversely affected to the extent that any of these epidemics harms the Chinese economy in general.
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Risks Related to Our Corporate Structure
If the PRC government deems that the contractual arrangements in relation to our consolidated variable interest entity do not comply with PRC regulatory restrictions on foreign investment in the relevant industries, or if these regulations or the interpretation of existing regulations change in the future, we could be subject to severe penalties or be forced to relinquish our interests in those operations.
Foreign ownership of internet-based businesses, such as distribution of online information, is subject to restrictions under current PRC laws and regulations. For example, foreign investors are not allowed to own more than 50% of the equity interests in a value-added telecommunication service provider (except e-commerce) and any such foreign investor must have experience in providing value-added telecommunications services overseas and maintain a good track record in accordance with the Guidance Catalog of Industries for Foreign Investment promulgated in 2007, as amended in 2011 and in 2015, respectively, and other applicable laws and regulations.
We are a Nevada corporation and our PRC subsidiary is considered a foreign invested enterprise. To comply with PRC laws and regulations, we conduct our operations in China through a series of contractual arrangements entered into among Senmiao Consulting, Sichuan Senmiao and the equity holders of Sichuan Senmiao. As a result of these contractual arrangements, we exert control over Sichuan Senmiao and consolidate its operating results in our financial statements under U.S. GAAP. For a detailed description of these contractual arrangements, see “Corporate History and Structure.”
In the opinion of our PRC counsel, Yuan Tai Law Offices, our current ownership structure, the ownership structure of our PRC subsidiary and our consolidated variable interest entity, and the contractual arrangements among Senmiao Consulting, Sichuan Senmiao and the equity holders of Sichuan Senmiao are not in violation of existing PRC laws, rules and regulations; and these contractual arrangements are valid, binding and enforceable in accordance with their terms and applicable PRC laws and regulations currently in effect. However, Yuan Tai Law Offices has also advised us that there are substantial uncertainties regarding the interpretation and application of current or future PRC laws and regulations and there can be no assurance that the PRC government will ultimately take a view that is consistent with the opinion of our PRC counsel.
It is uncertain whether any new PRC laws, rules or regulations relating to variable interest entity structures will be adopted or if adopted, what they would provide. In particular, in January 2015, the Ministry of Commerce, or MOC, published a discussion draft of the proposed Foreign Investment Law for public review and comments. Among other things, the draft Foreign Investment Law expands the definition of foreign investment and introduces the principle of  “actual control” in determining whether a company is considered a foreign-invested enterprise, or an FIE. Under the draft Foreign Investment Law, variable interest entities would also be deemed as FIEs, if they are ultimately “controlled” by foreign investors, and be subject to restrictions on foreign investments. However, the draft law has not taken a position on what actions will be taken with respect to the existing companies with the “variable interest entity” structure, whether or not these companies are controlled by Chinese parties. It is uncertain when the draft would be signed into law and whether the final version would have any substantial changes from the draft. See “Regulation — Regulations Related to Company Establishment and Foreign Investment” and “— Substantial uncertainties exist with respect to the enactment timetable, interpretation and implementation of draft PRC Foreign Investment Law and how it may impact the viability of our current corporate structure, corporate governance and business operations.” If the ownership structure, contractual arrangements and business of our company, our PRC subsidiary or our consolidated variable interest entity are found to be in violation of any existing or future PRC laws or regulations, or we fail to obtain or maintain any of the required permits or approvals, the relevant governmental authorities would have broad discretion in dealing with such violation, including levying fines, confiscating our income or the income of our PRC subsidiary or consolidated variable interest entity, revoking the business licenses or operating licenses of our PRC subsidiary or consolidated variable interest entity, shutting down our servers or blocking our online platform, discontinuing or placing restrictions or onerous conditions on our operations, requiring us to undergo a costly and disruptive restructuring, restricting or prohibiting our use of proceeds from this offering to finance our business and operations in China, and taking other regulatory or enforcement actions that could be harmful to our business. Any of these actions could cause significant
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disruption to our business operations and severely damage our reputation, which would in turn materially and adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations. If any of these occurrences results in our inability to direct the activities of our consolidated variable interest entity, and/or our failure to receive economic benefits from our consolidated variable interest entity, we may not be able to consolidate its results into our consolidated financial statements in accordance with U.S. GAAP. Furthermore, since we conduct the bulk of our operations through our VIE entity, invalidity of the VIE arrangements could cause the market price of our common stock to substantially decline.
We rely on contractual arrangements with our consolidated variable interest entity and its equity holders for our business operations, which may not be as effective as direct ownership in providing operational control.
We have relied and expect to continue to rely on contractual arrangements with Sichuan Senmiao and its equity holders to operate our www.ihongsen.com website. For a description of these contractual arrangements, see “Corporate History and Structure.” These contractual arrangements may not be as effective as direct ownership in providing us with control over our consolidated variable interest entity. For example, our consolidated variable interest entity and its equity holders could breach their contractual arrangements with us by, among other things, failing to conduct its operations, including maintaining our website and using the domain names and trademarks, in an acceptable manner or taking other actions that are detrimental to our interests.
If we had direct ownership of Sichuan Senmiao, we would be able to exercise our rights as an equity holder to effect changes in the board of directors of Sichuan Senmiao, which in turn could implement changes, subject to any applicable fiduciary obligations, at the management and operational level. However, under the current contractual arrangements, we rely on the performance by our consolidated variable interest entity and its equity holders of their obligations under the contracts to exercise control over our consolidated variable interest entity. The equity holders of our consolidated variable interest entity may not act in the best interests of our company or may not perform their obligations under these contracts. Such risks exist throughout the period in which we intend to operate our business through the contractual arrangements with our consolidated variable interest entity. Although we have the right to replace any equity holder of our consolidated variable interest entity under the contractual arrangement, if any equity holder of our consolidated variable interest entity is uncooperative or any dispute relating to these contracts remains unresolved, we will have to enforce our rights under these contracts through the operations of PRC laws and arbitration, litigation and other legal proceedings and therefore will be subject to uncertainties in the PRC legal system. See “— Any failure by our consolidated variable interest entity or its equity holders to perform their obligations under our contractual arrangements with them would have a material adverse effect on our business.” Therefore, our contractual arrangements with our consolidated variable interest entity may not be as effective in ensuring our control over the relevant portion of our business operations as direct ownership would be.
Any failure by our consolidated variable interest entity or its equity holders to perform their obligations under our contractual arrangements with them would have a material adverse effect on our business.
If our consolidated variable interest entity or its equity holders fail to perform their respective obligations under the contractual arrangements, we may have to incur substantial costs and expend additional resources to enforce such arrangements. We may also have to rely on legal remedies under PRC laws, including seeking specific performance or injunctive relief, and claiming damages, which we cannot assure you will be effective under PRC laws. For example, if the equity holders of Sichuan Senmiao were to refuse to transfer their equity interest in Sichuan Senmiao to us or our designee if we exercise the purchase option pursuant to these contractual arrangements, or if they were otherwise to act in bad faith toward us, then we may have to take legal actions to compel them to perform their contractual obligations.
All the agreements under our contractual arrangements are governed by PRC laws and provide for the resolution of disputes through arbitration in China. Accordingly, these contracts would be interpreted in accordance with PRC laws and any disputes would be resolved in accordance with PRC legal procedures. The legal system in the PRC is not as developed as in some other jurisdictions, such as the United States. As a result, uncertainties in the PRC legal system could limit our ability to enforce these contractual arrangements. Meanwhile, there are very few precedents and little formal guidance as to how contractual
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arrangements in the context of a consolidated variable interest entity should be interpreted or enforced under PRC laws. There remain significant uncertainties regarding the ultimate outcome of such arbitration should legal action become necessary. In addition, under PRC laws, rulings by arbitrators are final and parties cannot appeal arbitration results in court unless such rulings are revoked or determined unenforceable by a competent court. If the losing parties fail to carry out the arbitration awards within a prescribed time limit, the prevailing parties may only enforce the arbitration awards in PRC courts through arbitration award recognition proceedings, which would require additional expenses and delay. In the event that we are unable to enforce these contractual arrangements, or if we suffer significant delay or other obstacles in the process of enforcing these contractual arrangements, we may not be able to exert effective control over our consolidated variable interest entity, and our ability to conduct our business may be negatively affected. See “— Risks Related to Doing Business in China—Uncertainties in the interpretation and enforcement of Chinese laws and regulations could limit the legal protections available to us.”
The equity holders of our consolidated variable interest entity may have potential conflicts of interest with us, which may materially and adversely affect our business and financial condition.
The equity interests of Sichuan Senmiao are held by Xiang Hu, our director, and a few other Chinese nationals. Their interests in Sichuan Senmiao may differ from the interests of our company as a whole. These equity holders may breach, or cause our consolidated variable interest entity to breach, the existing contractual arrangements we have with them and our consolidated variable interest entity, which would have a material adverse effect on our ability to effectively control our consolidated variable interest entity and receive economic benefits from it. For example, the equity holders may be able to cause our agreements with Sichuan Senmiao to be performed in a manner adverse to us by, among other things, failing to remit payments due under the contractual arrangements to us on a timely basis. We cannot assure you that when conflicts of interest arise, any or all of these equity holders will act in the best interests of our company or such conflicts will be resolved in our favor.
Currently, we do not have any arrangements to address potential conflicts of interest between these equity holders and our company, except that we could exercise our purchase option under the exclusive option agreement with these equity holders to request them to transfer all of their equity interests in Sichuan Senmiao to a PRC entity or individual designated by us, to the extent permitted by PRC laws. If we cannot resolve any conflict of interest or dispute between us and the equity holders of Sichuan Senmiao, we would have to rely on legal proceedings, which could result in the disruption of our business and subject us to substantial uncertainty as to the outcome of any such legal proceedings.
Contractual arrangements in relation to our consolidated variable interest entity may be subject to scrutiny by the PRC tax authorities and they may determine that we or our PRC consolidated variable interest entity owe additional taxes, which could negatively affect our financial condition and the value of your investment.
Under applicable PRC laws and regulations, arrangements and transactions among related parties may be subject to audit or challenge by the PRC tax authorities within ten years after the taxable year when the transactions are conducted. The PRC enterprise income tax law requires every enterprise in China to submit its annual enterprise income tax return together with a report on transactions with its related parties to the relevant tax authorities. The tax authorities may impose reasonable adjustments on taxation if they have identified any related party transactions that are inconsistent with arm’s length principles. We may face material and adverse tax consequences if the PRC tax authorities determine that the contractual arrangements between Senmiao Consulting, our wholly-owned subsidiary in China, Sichuan Senmiao, our consolidated variable interest entity in China, and the equity holders of Sichuan Senmiao were not entered into on an arm’s length basis in such a way as to result in an impermissible reduction in taxes under applicable PRC laws, rules and regulations, and adjust Sichuan Senmiao’s income in the form of a transfer pricing adjustment. A transfer pricing adjustment could, among other things, result in a reduction of expense deductions recorded by Sichuan Senmiao for PRC tax purposes, which could in turn increase its tax liabilities without reducing Senmiao Consulting’s tax expenses. In addition, if Senmiao Consulting requests the equity holders of Sichuan Senmiao to transfer their equity interests in Sichuan Senmiao at nominal or no value pursuant to these contractual arrangements, such transfer could be viewed as a gift and subject Senmiao Consulting to PRC income tax. Furthermore, the PRC tax authorities may impose late payment fees and other penalties on Sichuan Senmiao for the adjusted but unpaid taxes according to the applicable
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regulations. Our financial position could be materially and adversely affected if our consolidated variable interest entity’s tax liabilities increase or if it is required to pay late payment fees and other penalties.
We may lose the ability to use and enjoy assets held by our consolidated variable interest entity that are material to the operation of our business if the entity goes bankrupt or becomes subject to a dissolution or liquidation proceeding.
Our consolidated variable interest entity holds certain assets that are material to the operation of our business. Under the contractual arrangements, our consolidated variable interest entity may not and its equity holders may not cause it to, in any manner, sell, transfer, mortgage or dispose of its assets or its legal or beneficial interests in the business without our prior consent. However, in the event our consolidated variable interest entity’s equity holders breach the these contractual arrangements and voluntarily liquidate our consolidated variable interest entity, or our consolidated variable interest entity declares bankruptcy and all or part of its assets become subject to liens or rights of third-party creditors, or are otherwise disposed of without our consent, we may be unable to continue some or all of our business activities, which could materially and adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations. If our consolidated variable interest entity undergoes a voluntary or involuntary liquidation proceeding, independent third-party creditors may claim rights to some or all of these assets, thereby hindering our ability to operate our business, which could materially and adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations.
If the chops of our PRC subsidiary and consolidated variable interest entity are not kept safely, are stolen or are used by unauthorized persons or for unauthorized purposes, the corporate governance of these entities could be severely and adversely compromised.
In China, a company chop or seal serves as the legal representation of the company towards third parties even when unaccompanied by a signature. Each legally registered company in China is required to maintain a company chop, which must be registered with the local Public Security Bureau. In addition to this mandatory company chop, companies may have several other chops which can be used for specific purposes. The chops of our PRC subsidiary and consolidated variable interest entity are generally held securely by personnel designated or approved by us in accordance with our internal control procedures. To the extent those chops are not kept safely, are stolen or are used by unauthorized persons or for unauthorized purposes, the corporate governance of these entities could be severely and adversely compromised and those corporate entities may be bound to abide by the terms of any documents so chopped, even if they were chopped by an individual who lacked the requisite power and authority to do so. In addition, if the chops are misused by unauthorized persons, we could experience disruption to our normal business operations. We may have to take corporate or legal action, which could involve significant time and resources to resolve while distracting management from our operations.
Risks Related to Doing Business in China
Our operations may need to be modified to comply with existing and future requirements set forth by the CBRC or laws or regulations promulgated by other PRC authorities regulating the marketplace lending industry in China.
In April 2014, the CBRC announced four principles regarding the marketplace lending industry in China: (i) marketplace lending platforms shall be treated as agencies, (ii) marketplace lending platforms shall not provide guarantee services, (iii) marketplace lending platforms shall not maintain a fund pool, and (iv) marketplace lending platforms shall not illegally conduct fundraising.
In July 2015, ten PRC central government ministries and regulators, including the PBOC, the CBRC, the Ministry of Finance, the MPS and the Cyberspace Administration of China, together released the Guidelines, which identified the CBRC as the supervisory regulator for the online lending industry. According to the Guidelines, online marketplace lending platforms may only serve as intermediaries to provide information services to borrowers and investors, and may not provide credit enhancement services or illegally conduct fundraising. The Guidelines also outlined certain regulatory propositions, which would require Internet finance companies, including online marketplace lending platforms, to (i) complete website filing procedures with the administrative departments overseeing telecommunications; (ii) use banking
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financial institutions’ depository accounts to hold lending capital, and engage an independent auditor to audit such accounts and publish audit results to customers; (iii) improve the disclosure of operational and financial information, provide sufficient risk disclosure, and set up thresholds for qualified investors to provide better protections to investors; (iv) enhance online security management to protect customers’ personal and transactional information; and (v) take measures against anti-money laundering and other financial crimes.
In August 2016, the CBRC and other regulators collectively announced the publication of the Interim Measures. The Interim Measures also stipulated a twelve-month transition period from the time of their effectiveness for online lending intermediaries to make necessary adjustments. Apart from what had already been emphasized in the Guidelines and other previously released principles, the Interim Measures also include: (i) general principles; (ii) filing administration; (iii) business rules and risk management guidelines; (iv) protection measures for investors and borrowers; (v) rules on information disclosure; (vi) supervision and administrative mechanisms; and (vii) legal liabilities. See “Regulation — Regulations Related to the Marketplace Lending Industry.”
In November 2016, the CBRC, the MIIT and the Industry and Commerce Administration Department, jointly issued the Guidance of Administration, which provides the general filing rules for online lending intermediaries and delegates the filing authority to the local financial authorities. See “Regulation — Regulations Related to the Marketplace Lending Industry.” Since 2017, local financial regulators have been conducting investigations on the online lending intermediaries, and if we failed to be in full compliance with any regulations, we may be required to rectify mistakes within a certain period as stipulated in the rectification order of local financial regulators. After local financing regulators have completed their investigation and examination, we may be permitted to submit a filing application.
In February 2017, the CBRC released the Guidance to regulate funds depositories for online lending intermediaries, which defines several obligations and responsibilities of online lending intermediaries and commercial banks involved in the online funds depository business. See “Regulation — Regulations Related to the Marketplace Lending Industry.” To the extent our current arrangements with commercial banks are deemed to be not-compliant with any of the Guidance’s requirements, we may need to adjust our operations within the six-month grace period, and as a result, our business may be materially and adversely impacted. See “— Risks Related to Our Business and Industry — If we are unable to maintain relationships with our third-party service providers, our business will suffer.”
Some elements of our platform may not currently be operating in full compliance with the Guidelines, the Interim Measures, the Guidance and the other principles that have been announced in recent years. For example, the Guidelines, the Interim Measures, the Guidance and other regulations are not clear about the definition of  “credit enhancement service,” nor do they address whether a marketplace lending platform’s affiliated enterprises could provide a “credit enhancement service.” Additionally, the Interim Measures provide upper limits on the loan balance of a single borrower. While our business mainly involves lending small amounts to a large number of borrowers, we still may not be in full compliance with the upper limits set forth in the Interim Measures. We have adjusted the upper limits of our loans as necessary. We may need to rely on the information provided by borrowers to determine whether their lending amounts from all intermediaries have reached the upper limits, and the information they provide us may contain misrepresentation or omission or otherwise be unreliable. Moreover, the Interim Measures require online lending intermediaries to file with the local financial regulators and to include serving as an Internet lending information intermediary in their business scope. We plan to make all requisite filings and changes to our business scope to the extent necessary when such filing procedures are clarified by the relevant authorities. Although we do not anticipate any material difficulties in making the requisite filings or changing our business scope, any failure to do so within the specified twelve-month transition period may result in the violation of the Interim Measures. In addition, the Interim Measures stipulate that online lending intermediaries shall not operate businesses other than risk management and necessary business processes such as information collection and confirmation, post-loan tracking and pledge management in accordance with online-lending regulations, via offline physical locations. However, the Interim Measures do not clearly set forth the types of business process that are not permitted to operate through offline physical locations.
Furthermore, the Interim Measures proposed requirements including with respect to certain prohibited activities, risk disclosure, borrower information disclosure and online dispute resolution, examination and
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verification functions, anti-fraud measures, risk education and training, information reporting, anti-money laundering, anti-terrorist financing, systems, facilities and technologies, service fees, electronic signatures, loan management, risk assessment, auditing and authentication, reporting obligations and information security. To the extent that our business is deemed to be non-compliant with any of these requirements of the Interim Measures, we may need to make necessary adjustments to comply within the specified twelve-month transition period and, as a result, our business may be materially and adversely affected. If we fail to rectify the non-compliance within the specified twelve-month transition period or the period set forth by relevant regulatory authorities, the relevant governmental authorities would have broad authorities in dealing with our failure of compliance, the business license or operating licenses of our PRC subsidiary or affiliated entity may be revoked, our online platform may be ordered to close and if a crime constitutes, criminal responsibility will be investigated as well.
In May 2017, the CBRC, the Ministry of Education and Ministry of Human Resources and Social Security issued the Notice on Further Strengthening the Regulation and Management Work of Campus Online Lending Business, or the CBRC Circular 26. The CBRC Circular 26 provides that all campus online lending business conducted by the online lending information intermediaries shall be suspended and the outstanding balance of online campus lending loans shall be gradually reduced until reaching a zero balance.
On December 1, 2017, the Internet Finance Rectification Office and the Online Lending Rectification Office jointly issued the Notice on Regulating and Rectifying “Cash Loan” Business (“Circular 141”), which reiterates requirements of the Interim Measures and further imposes measures to strengthen the regulation of online lending information intermediary platform.
Circular 141 provides, with respect to online lending information intermediary platforms:
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Loan business not in compliance with the provisions of the law on interest rates shall not be matched directly or in a disguised manner; and it is forbidden to deduct interests, commission fees, management fees, and deposit from the loan principal in advance, set high overdue interest, late fee and interest penalty and the like.
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Comprehensive capital costs collected from borrowers in the form of interest rates and various fees shall be in compliance with the provisions on interests of private lending (i.e. the sum of interest rate and various fees cannot exceed the annual interest rate at 36%).
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Various loan conditions, overdue information and other information shall be disclosed comprehensively and publicly, and risks shall be pointed out to borrowers.
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Clients’ information collection, selection, credit rating, account opening and other core work shall not be outsourced.
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Participation in P2P online lending with the funds from banking financial institutions shall not be matched.
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Loan matching services shall not be provided to any students at school or any borrower without source of repayment or repayment capacity. “Down payment loans”, real estate off-floor financing and other house purchasing financing loans matching services shall not be provided.
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Loan matching services without designated use shall not be provided.
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We believe we are currently in compliance with the requirements Circular 141. However, there is a risk that relevant PRC authorities will take a view contrary to ours, which could create regulatory challenges for our business and impact our results of operations. Any violation of Circular 141 may result in penalties, including but not limited to, suspension of operation, orders to make rectification, condemnation, revocation of license, order to cease business operation and criminal liabilities.
Additionally, if the regulatory authorities in the PRC adopt new regulations and rules applicable to online lending platforms such as further requirements on disclosure of designated use of loan proceeds or other aspects of our business operations in future, or interpret or apply existing rules and regulations differently in the future, we may need to amend our business practices which could cause us to incur
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additional expenses or could impair our ability to operate. If we were unable to effectively implement or comply with new measures to comply with new regulations, our business, financial condition and results of operations would be materially and adversely affected.
Further, in December 2017, the National Online Lending Rectification Office issued the Notice on the Rectification and Inspection Acceptance of Risk of Online Lending Intermediaries (“Circular 57”), providing further clarification on several matters in connection with the rectification and record-filing of online lending information intermediaries. The local governmental authorities shall conduct and complete acceptance inspection of the rectification with the following timetable: (i) completion of record-filing for major online lending information intermediaries by the end of April 2018; (ii) with respect to online lending information intermediaries with substantial outstanding balance of those loans prohibited under the relevant laws and regulations and timely reduction of those balance is difficult, the relevant business and outstanding balance shall be disposed and/or carved out, and record-filing shall be completed by the end of May 2018; (iii) with respect to those online lending information intermediaries with complex and extraordinary circumstances and substantial difficulties exist to complete rectification, the “relevant work” shall be completed by the end of June 2018. Online lending information intermediaries that fail to complete the record-filing within the prescribed time shall not carry out online lending information intermediary business.
Assignment of loan products on P2P platform is subject to regulation under Circular 57. As our cooperation with certain prior creditor partners involved high frequency assignment of loans, to fully comply with Circular 57, we have discontinued our cooperation with prior creditors, reduced the balance of relevant products and expect to all existing assigned loan products to mature within the required timetable.
Despite our efforts to comply with the newly promulgated regulations on peer-to-peer lending companies, there is a risk that we may be unable to complete the record-filing for our platform in time as prescribed under relevant regulations. If there is a delay in completing our record-filing or if we fail to complete the record- filing, our operations may be suspended or even ceased. Our business, financial condition and results of operations may be materially and adversely affected.
Moreover, to the extent that we are not able to fully comply with any existing or new regulations when they are promulgated, our business, financial condition and results of operations may be materially and adversely affected. We are unable to predict with certainty the impact, if any, that future legislation, judicial precedents or regulations relating to the online consumer finance industry will have on our business, financial condition and results of operations. Furthermore, the growth in the popularity of online consumer finance increases the likelihood that the PRC government will seek to further regulate our industry. In addition, new and more stringent PRC laws and regulations regarding the online consumer finance industry may be promulgated during the offering period, which may materially and adversely affect the completion of this offering.
For a further description of the laws and regulations applicable to us, see “Regulation.”
As the regulatory framework for our business evolves, domestic and foreign governments may draft and propose new laws, regulations, notices or interpretive releases to regulate marketplace lending, including our online and mobile-based channels, which may negatively affect our business.
The marketplace lending industry in China has historically been largely unregulated. In July 2015, ten PRC central government ministries and regulators, including the PBOC, the CBRC, the Ministry of Finance, the MPS and the Cyberspace Administration of China, together released the Guidelines, which provide regulatory principles for Internet financing businesses, including those in the online marketplace lending industry. In August 2016, the CBRC and other regulators collectively announced the Interim Measures, which proposed the implementation of new requirements including, among others, filing, reporting, fund depository, risk and information disclosure, loan management and the permitted business scope for participants in the online marketplace lending industry. In November 2016, the CBRC, the MIIT and the Industry and Commerce Administration Department, jointly issued the Guidance to the Administration of Filling and Registration of Online Lending Information Intermediaries, or the Guidance of Administration, which provides general filing rules for online lending intermediaries, and authorizes local financial regulators to make detailed implementation rules regarding filing procedures according to
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their local practices. See “Regulation — Regulations Related to the Marketplace Lending Industry.” Since 2017, local financial regulators have been conducting thorough investigations and inspections of online lending intermediaries and require a rectification if any illegality is discovered. After local financing regulators have completed their investigation and examination, we may be permitted to submit a filing application. In February 2017, the CBRC released the Guidance to regulate funds depositories for online lending intermediaries, which defines several obligations and responsibilities of online lending intermediaries and commercial banks involved in the online funds depository business. See “Regulation — Regulations Related to the Marketplace Lending Industry.” Nevertheless, it is uncertain as to how the Interim Measures will be further interpreted and implemented. The relevant local authorities are also in the process of making detailed implementation rules regarding filing procedures. However, the final content and timing of the final implementation rules and other related new rules are uncertain. To the extent that we are not able to fully comply with the new regulations in the grace period of twelve months or any new regulations differ from our expectations, we may be materially and adversely affected. The relevant governmental authorities would have broad authorities in dealing with our failure of compliance, including levying fines, confiscating our income or the income of our PRC subsidiary or affiliated entity, revoking the business license or operating licenses of our PRC subsidiary or affiliated entity, shutting down our servers or blocking our online platform, discontinuing or placing restrictions or onerous conditions on our operation, requiring us to undergo a costly and disruptive restructuring, and taking other regulatory or enforcement actions that could be harmful to our business. Any of these actions could cause significant disruption to our business operations and severely damage our reputation, which would in turn materially and adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations. We are unable to predict with certainty the impact, if any, that future legislation, judicial precedents, or regulations relating to the marketplace lending industry will have on our business, financial condition and results of operations. Furthermore, the increasing growth in popularity of marketplace lending and borrowing increases the likelihood that the PRC government will seek to further regulate the marketplace lending industry.
In addition, the regulatory framework for Internet commerce, including online marketplaces such as our platform, with respect to our platform’s online and mobile-based channels, is evolving, and it is possible that new laws and regulations will be adopted domestically and internationally, or existing laws and regulations may be interpreted in new ways, which, along with possible changes needed to fully comply with any newly released regulation, could affect the operation of our platform and the way in which we interact with borrowers and investors. The cost to comply with such laws or regulations would increase our operating expenses, and we may be unable to pass those costs on to borrowers and investors in the form of increased fees. In addition, governmental or regulatory agencies may decide to impose taxes on services provided over the Internet or by online marketplaces. These taxes could discourage the use of our platform, which would adversely affect the viability of our business.
The facilitation of loans through our platform could give rise to liabilities under PRC laws and regulations that prohibit illegal fundraising.
PRC laws and regulations prohibit persons and companies from raising funds through advertising to the public a promise to repay premium or interest payments over time through payments in cash or in kind except with the prior approval of the applicable government authorities. Failure to comply with these laws and regulations may result in penalties imposed by the PBOC, the Administration for Industry and Commerce, or AIC, and other governmental authorities, and can lead to civil or criminal lawsuits.
To date, our platform has not been subject to any fines or other penalties under any PRC laws and regulations that prohibit illegal fundraising. Our platform only acts as an information service provider in the facilitation of loans between borrowers and investors, our platform has not been subject to any fines or other penalties under any PRC laws and regulations that prohibit illegal fundraising. In this regard, as advised by our PRC counsel, the business operation of our platform does not violate the current existing PRC laws and regulations prohibiting illegal fundraising Nevertheless, considerable uncertainties exist with respect to the PBOC, AIC and other governmental authorities’ interpretations of the fundraising-related laws and regulations. While our agreements with investors require investors to guarantee the legality of all funds investors put on our platform, we do not verify the source of investors’ funds separately, and therefore, to the extent that investors’ funds are obtained through illegal fundraising, we may be negligently liable as a facilitator of illegal fundraising. In addition, we do not monitor the borrowers’ use of funds on
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an on-going basis, and therefore, to the extent that borrowers use proceeds from the loans for illegal activities, we may be negligently liable as a facilitator of an illegal use. Although we have designed and implemented procedures to identify and eliminate instances of fraudulent conduct on our platform, as the number of borrowers and investors on our platform increases, we may not be able to identify all fraudulent conduct that may violate illegal fundraising laws and regulations.
The facilitation of loans through our platform could give rise to liabilities under PRC laws and regulations that prohibit unauthorized public offerings.
The PRC Securities Law stipulates that no organization or individual is permitted to issue securities for public offering without obtaining prior approval in accordance with the provisions of the law. The following offerings are deemed the be public offerings under the PRC Securities Law: (i) offering of securities to non-specific targets; (ii) offering of securities to more than 200 specific targets; and (iii) other offerings provided by the laws and administrative regulations. Additionally, private offerings of securities shall not be carried out through advertising, open solicitation and disguised publicity campaigns. If any transaction between one borrower and multiple investors on our platform is identified as a public offering by PRC government authorities, we may be subject to sanctions under PRC laws and our business may be adversely affected.
We may be required to obtain a value-added telecommunication business certificate and be subject to foreign investment restrictions.
PRC regulations impose sanctions for engaging in Internet information services of a commercial nature without having obtained an Internet content provider, or ICP, certificate. PRC regulations also impose sanctions for engaging in the operation of online data processing and transaction processing without having obtained an online data processing and transaction processing, or ODPTP, certificate (ICP and ODPTP are both sub-sets of value-added telecommunication business certificates). These sanctions include corrective orders and warnings from the PRC communication administration authority, fines and confiscation of illegal gains and, in the case of significant infringements, the websites may be ordered to cease operation. Nevertheless, the PRC regulatory authorities’ enforcement of such regulations in the context of marketplace lending platforms remains unclear. The Interim Measures provide that online lending information intermediaries must apply for value-added telecommunications business licenses in accordance with the relevant provisions of telecommunications authorities after filing with a local financial regulator. However, PRC regulatory authorities to date have not explicitly stipulated whether the operator of a marketplace lending platform (including in the form of a website or mobile Internet application) is engaging in Internet information services requiring an ICP certificate or an ODPTP certificate. If we could not obtain such value-added telecommunication certificates pursuant to the relevant regulations, we may not be able to conduct online lending intermediaries’ services, but it is unclear whether online lending intermediaries would be deemed to be engaged in a commercial information provider business or online data processing and transaction processing business or whether an ICP certificate or an ODPTP certificate is required. To the extent that the PRC regulatory authorities require such value-added telecommunication certificate to be obtained or set forth rules that impose additional requirements, and we do not obtain such certificate, we may be subject to the sanctions described above. We plan to apply for filing immediately after the filing procedures are clarified by the relevant authorities, and apply for the corresponding value-added telecommunication business certificates after completing the filing, provided that the relevant telecommunication authority clarify which sub-set of telecommunication business certificates need to be obtained by market lending platforms and how to apply for such certificate.
According to the Provisions on the Administration of Foreign-invested Telecommunication Enterprises, the ratio of investment by foreign investors in a foreign-invested telecommunication enterprise that engages in the operation of a value-added telecommunication business shall not exceed 50%. Foreign investors are only permitted to invest up to 50% of the registered capital in a foreign-invested telecommunication enterprise that engages in the operation of commercial Internet information services or general online data processing and transaction processing services.
As an exception, the Circular of Ministry of Industry and Information Technology concerning Lifting Restrictions on the Proportion of Foreign Equity in Online Data Processing and Transaction Processing
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Business (E-commerce) (“Circular 196”), which was promulgated on June 19, 2015, provides that foreign investors are permitted to invest up to 100% of the registered capital in a foreign-invested telecommunication enterprise engaging in the operation of online data processing and transaction processing (E-commerce). While Circular 196 permits foreign ownership, in whole or in part, of online data processing and transaction processing businesses (E-commerce), a sub-set of value-added telecommunications services, there is still uncertainty regarding whether foreign investment restrictions may be applied to our business and industry.
Further, under either circumstance, the largest foreign investor will be required to have a satisfactory business track record and operational experience in the value-added telecommunication business. If regulatory authorities were to treat marketplace lending businesses as Internet information services of a commercial nature, which is a form of a value-added telecommunication business, our platform may be subject to such foreign investment restrictions and we may be required to restructure our operations by establishing a joint venture with foreign capital equal to no more than 50% of its total capital or a domestic enterprise with no foreign capital through variable interest entities to obtain a telecommunication business certificate. Any such restructuring may be costly and may involve interruptions to our business. If we are unable to obtain the telecommunication business certificate in a timely fashion, our business may be materially and adversely affected.
Changes in China’s economic, political or social conditions or government policies could have a material adverse effect on our business and results of operations.
Substantially all of our operations are located in China. Accordingly, our business, prospects, financial condition and results of operations may be influenced to a significant degree by political, economic and social conditions in China generally and by continued economic growth in China as a whole.
The Chinese economy differs from the economies of most developed countries in many respects, including the amount of government involvement, level of development, growth rate, control of foreign exchange and allocation of resources. Although the Chinese government has implemented measures emphasizing the utilization of market forces for economic reform, the reduction of state ownership of productive assets and the establishment of improved corporate governance in business enterprises, a substantial portion of productive assets in China is still owned by the government. In addition, the Chinese government continues to play a significant role in regulating industry development by imposing industrial policies. The Chinese government also exercises significant control over China’s economic growth through allocating resources, controlling payment of foreign currency-denominated obligations, setting monetary policy, and providing preferential treatment to particular industries or companies.
While the Chinese economy has experienced significant growth over the past decades, growth has been uneven, both geographically and among various sectors of the economy. The Chinese government has implemented various measures to encourage economic growth and guide the allocation of resources. Some of these measures may benefit the overall Chinese economy, but may have a negative effect on us. For example, our financial condition and results of operations may be adversely affected by government control over capital investments or changes in tax regulations. In addition, in the past the Chinese government has implemented certain measures, including interest rate increases, to control the pace of economic growth. These measures may cause decreased economic activity in China, and since 2012, China’s economic growth has slowed down. Any prolonged slowdown in the Chinese economy may reduce the demand for our products and services and materially and adversely affect our business and results of operations.
Uncertainties in the interpretation and enforcement of Chinese laws and regulations could limit the legal protections available to us.
The PRC legal system is based on written statutes and prior court decisions have limited value as precedents. Since these laws and regulations are relatively new and the PRC legal system continues to rapidly evolve, the interpretations of many laws, regulations and rules are not always uniform and enforcement of these laws, regulations and rules involves uncertainties.
In particular, PRC laws and regulations concerning the peer-to-peer lending service industry are developing and evolving. Although we have taken measures to comply with the laws and regulations that
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are applicable to our business operations, including the regulatory principles raised by the CBRC, and avoid conducting any activities that may be deemed as illegal fund-raising, forming capital pool or providing guarantee to investors under the current applicable laws and regulations, the PRC government authority may promulgate new laws and regulations regulating the peer-to-peer lending service industry in the future. We cannot assure you that our practices would not be deemed to violate any PRC laws or regulations relating to illegal fund-raising, forming capital pools or the provision of credit enhancement services. Moreover, developments in the peer-to-peer lending service industry may lead to changes in PRC laws, regulations and policies or in the interpretation and application of existing laws, regulations and policies that may limit or restrict online finance marketplaces like us, which could materially and adversely affect our business and operations. Furthermore, we cannot rule out the possibility that the PRC government will institute a licensing regime covering our industry at some point in the future. If such a licensing regime were introduced, we cannot assure you that we would be able to obtain any newly required license in a timely manner, or at all, which could materially and adversely affect our business and impede our ability to continue our operations.
From time to time, we may have to resort to administrative and court proceedings to enforce our legal rights. However, since PRC administrative and court authorities have significant discretion in interpreting and implementing statutory and contractual terms, it may be more difficult to evaluate the outcome of administrative and court proceedings and the level of legal protection we enjoy than in more developed legal systems. Furthermore, the PRC legal system is based in part on government policies and internal rules (some of which are not published in a timely manner or at all) that may have retroactive effect. As a result, we may not be aware of our violation of these policies and rules until sometime after the violation. Such uncertainties, including uncertainty over the scope and effect of our contractual, property (including intellectual property) and procedural rights, could materially and adversely affect our business and impede our ability to continue our operations.
Substantial uncertainties exist with respect to the enactment timetable, interpretation and implementation of draft PRC Foreign Investment Law and how it may impact the viability of our current corporate structure, corporate governance and business operations.
The MOC published a discussion draft of the proposed Foreign Investment Law in January 2015 aiming to, upon its enactment, replace the trio of existing laws regulating foreign investment in China, namely, the Sino-foreign Equity Joint Venture Enterprise Law, the Sino-foreign Cooperative Joint Venture Enterprise Law and the Wholly Foreign-invested Enterprise Law, together with their implementation rules and ancillary regulations. The draft Foreign Investment Law embodies an expected PRC regulatory trend to rationalize its foreign investment regulatory regime in line with prevailing international practice and the legislative efforts to unify the corporate legal requirements for both foreign and domestic investments. The MOC is currently soliciting comments on this draft and substantial uncertainties exist with respect to its enactment timetable, interpretation and implementation. The draft Foreign Investment Law, if enacted as proposed, may materially impact the viability of our current corporate structure, corporate governance and business operations in many aspects.
Among other things, the draft Foreign Investment Law expands the definition of foreign investment and introduces the principle of  “actual control” in determining whether a company is considered a foreign-invested enterprise, or an FIE. The draft Foreign Investment Law specifically provides that entities established in China but “controlled” by foreign investors will be treated as FIEs. Once an entity is considered to be an FIE, it may be subject to the foreign investment restrictions or prohibitions set forth in a “negative list” to be separately issued by the State Council later. If an FIE proposes to conduct business in an industry subject to foreign investment “restrictions” in the “negative list,” the FIE must go through a market entry clearance by the MOC before being established. If an FIE proposes to conduct business in an industry subject to foreign investment “prohibitions” in the “negative list,” it must not engage in the business. However, an FIE that is subject to foreign investment “restrictions,” upon market entry clearance, may apply in writing for being treated as a PRC domestic investment if it is ultimately “controlled” by PRC government authorities and its affiliates and/or PRC citizens. In this connection, “control” is broadly defined in the draft law to cover the following summarized categories: (i) holding 50% or more of the voting rights of the subject entity; (ii) holding less than 50% of the voting rights of the subject entity but having the power to secure at least 50% of the seats on the board or other equivalent decision making bodies, or
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having the voting power to exert material influence on the board, the equity holders’ meeting or other equivalent decision making bodies; or (iii) having the power to exert decisive influence, via contractual or trust arrangements, over the subject entity’s operations, financial matters or other key aspects of business operations. Once an entity is determined to be an FIE, it will be subject to the foreign investment restrictions or prohibitions set forth in a “negative list,” to be separately issued by the State Council at a later date, if the FIE is engaged in an industry listed in the negative list. Unless the underlying business of the FIE falls within the negative list, which calls for market entry clearance by the MOC, prior approval from the government authorities as mandated by the existing foreign investment legal regime would no longer be required for establishment of the FIE.
The “variable interest entity” structure, or VIE structure, has been adopted by many PRC-based companies, including us, to obtain necessary licenses and permits in the industries that are currently subject to foreign investment restrictions in China. See “— Risks Related to Our Corporate Structure” and “Our Corporate History and Structure.” Under the draft Foreign Investment Law, variable interest entities that are controlled via contractual arrangement would also be deemed as FIEs, if they are ultimately “controlled” by foreign investors. Therefore, for any companies with a VIE structure in an industry category that is included in the “negative list” as restricted industry, the VIE structure may be deemed legitimate only if the ultimate controlling person(s) is/are of PRC nationality (either PRC companies or PRC citizens). Conversely, if the actual controlling person(s) is/are of foreign nationalities, then the variable interest entities will be treated as FIEs and any operation in the industry category on the “negative list” without market entry clearance may be considered as illegal.
It is uncertain whether we would be considered as ultimately controlled by Chinese parties. Moreover, the draft Foreign Investment Law has not taken a position on what actions will be taken with respect to the companies currently employing a VIE structure, whether or not these companies are controlled by Chinese parties, while it is soliciting comments from the public on this point. In addition, it is uncertain whether the online consumer finance marketplace industry, in which our variable interest entity operates, will be subject to the foreign investment restrictions or prohibitions set forth in the “negative list” that is to be issued. If the enacted version of the Foreign Investment Law and the final “negative list” mandate further actions, such as MOC market entry clearance or certain restructuring of our corporate structure and operations, to be completed by companies with existing VIE structure like us, there may be substantial uncertainties as to whether we can complete these actions in a timely manner, or at all, and our business and financial condition may be materially and adversely affected.
The draft Foreign Investment Law, if enacted as proposed, may also materially impact our corporate governance practice and increase our compliance costs. For instance, the draft Foreign Investment Law imposes stringent ad hoc and periodic information reporting requirements on foreign investors and the applicable FIEs. Aside from an investment implementation report and an investment amendment report that are required for each investment and alteration of investment specifics, an annual report is mandatory, and large foreign investors meeting certain criteria are required to report on a quarterly basis. Any company found to be non-compliant with these information reporting obligations may potentially be subject to fines and/or administrative or criminal liabilities, and the persons directly responsible may be subject to criminal liabilities.
We may be adversely affected by the complexity, uncertainties and changes in PRC regulation of internet-related businesses and companies, and any lack of requisite approvals, licenses or permits applicable to our business may have a material adverse effect on our business and results of operations.
The PRC government extensively regulates the internet industry, including foreign ownership of, and the licensing and permit requirements pertaining to, companies in the internet industry. These internet-related laws and regulations are relatively new and evolving, and their interpretation and enforcement involve significant uncertainties. As a result, in certain circumstances it may be difficult to determine what actions or omissions may be deemed to be in violation of applicable laws and regulations.
We only have contractual control over our website. We do not directly own the website due to the restriction of foreign investment in businesses providing value-added telecommunication services in China, including internet information provision services. This may significantly disrupt our business, subject us to sanctions, compromise enforceability of related contractual arrangements, or have other harmful effects on us.
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The evolving PRC regulatory system for the internet industry may lead to the establishment of new regulatory agencies. For example, in May 2011, the State Council announced the establishment of a new department, the State Internet Information Office (with the involvement of the State Council Information Office, the MITT, and the MPS). The primary role of this new agency is to facilitate the policy-making and legislative development in this field, to direct and coordinate with the relevant departments in connection with online content administration and to deal with cross-ministry regulatory matters in relation to the internet industry.
Our online platform, operated by our consolidated variable interest entity, Sichuan Senmiao, may be deemed to be providing commercial internet information services, which would require Sichuan Senmiao to obtain an ICP License. An ICP License is a value-added telecommunications business operating license required for provision of commercial internet information services. See “Regulation — Regulations Related to Value-Added Telecommunication Business Certificates and Foreign Investment Restrictions.” Sichuan Senmiao, our PRC consolidated variable interest entity has obtained an ICP license as an internet information provider. Furthermore, as we are providing mobile applications to mobile device users, it is uncertain if Sichuan Senmiao will be required to obtain a separate operating license in addition to the ICP License. Although we believe that not obtaining such separate license is in line with the current market practice, there can be no assurance that we will not be required to apply for an operating license for our mobile applications in the future.
The Circular on Strengthening the Administration of Foreign Investment in and Operation of Value-added Telecommunications Business, issued by the MITT in July 2006, prohibits domestic telecommunication service providers from leasing, transferring or selling telecommunications business operating licenses to any foreign investor in any form, or providing any resources, sites or facilities to any foreign investor for their illegal operation of a telecommunications business in China. According to this circular, either the holder of a value-added telecommunication services operation permit or its shareholders must directly own the domain names and trademarks used by such license holders in their provision of value-added telecommunication services. The circular also requires each license holder to have the necessary facilities, including servers, for its approved business operations and to maintain such facilities in the regions covered by its license. Sichuan Senmiao owns the relevant domain names in connection with our value-added telecommunications business and has the necessary personnel to operate our website. However, if operating telecommunications business without operating licenses, the relevant governmental authority will order to rectify, confiscate illegal gains and impose a fine equal to three to five times of the illegal gains. If no illegal gains or the illegal gain is less than RMB50,000, a fine amounting to RMB100,000 to RMB1,000,000 will be imposed. In case of gross violation, the business shall be suspended and rectification will be carried out.
The interpretation and application of existing PRC laws, regulations and policies and possible new laws, regulations or policies relating to the internet industry have created substantial uncertainties regarding the legality of existing and future foreign investments in, and the businesses and activities of, internet businesses in China, including our business. We cannot assure you that we have obtained all the permits or licenses required for conducting our business in China or will be able to maintain our existing licenses or obtain new ones. If the PRC government considers that we were operating without the proper approvals, licenses or permits or promulgates new laws and regulations that require additional approvals or licenses or imposes additional restrictions on the operation of any part of our business, it has the power, among other things, to levy fines, confiscate our income, revoke our business licenses, and require us to discontinue our relevant business or impose restrictions on the affected portion of our business. Any of these actions by the PRC government may have a material adverse effect on our business and results of operations.
Any failure by us or our third-party service providers to comply with applicable anti-money laundering laws and regulations could damage our reputation.
In cooperation with our partnering custody banks and payment companies, we have adopted various policies and procedures, such as internal controls and “know-your-customer” procedures, for anti-money laundering purposes. In addition, we rely on our third-party service providers, in particular the custody banks and payment companies that handle the transfer of funds between borrowers and lenders, to have their own appropriate anti-money laundering policies and procedures. The custody banks and payment
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companies are subject to anti-money laundering obligations under applicable anti-money laundering laws and regulations and are regulated in that respect by the PBOC. If any of our third-party service provides fail to comply with applicable anti-money laundering laws and regulations, our reputation could suffer and we could become subject to regulatory intervention, which could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations. Any negative perception of the industry, such as that arises from any failure of other finance marketplaces to detect or prevent money laundering activities, even if factually incorrect or based on isolated incidents, could compromise our image or undermine the trust and credibility we have established.
The Guidelines jointly released by ten PRC regulatory agencies in July 2015 purport, among other things, to require internet finance service providers, including online peer-to-peer lending platforms, to comply with certain anti-money laundering requirements, including the establishment of a customer identification program, the monitoring and reporting of suspicious transactions, the preservation of customer information and transaction records, and the provision of assistance to the public security department and judicial authority in investigations and proceedings in relation to anti-money laundering matters. The PBOC will formulate implementing rules to further specify the anti-money laundering obligations of internet finance service providers. We cannot assure you that the anti-money laundering policies and procedures we have adopted will be effective in protecting our platform from being exploited for money laundering purposes or will be deemed to be in compliance with applicable anti-money laundering implementing rules if and when adopted.
We rely on dividends and other distributions on equity paid by our PRC subsidiary to fund any cash and financing requirements we may have, and any limitation on the ability of our PRC subsidiary to make payments to us could have a material adverse effect on our ability to conduct our business.
We are a holding company, and we rely on dividends and other distributions on equity paid by our PRC subsidiary for our cash and financing requirements, including the funds necessary to pay dividends and other cash distributions to our stockholders and service any debt we may incur. If our PRC subsidiary incur debt on their own behalf in the future, the instruments governing the debt may restrict their ability to pay dividends or make other distributions to us. In addition, the PRC tax authorities may require Senmiao Consulting to adjust its taxable income under the contractual arrangements it currently has in place with our consolidated variable interest entity in a manner that would materially and adversely affect its ability to pay dividends and other distributions to us. See “— Risks Related to Our Corporate Structure — Contractual arrangements in relation to our consolidated variable interest entity may be subject to scrutiny by the PRC tax authorities and they may determine that we or our PRC consolidated variable interest entity owe additional taxes, which could negatively affect our financial condition and the value of your investment.”
Under PRC laws and regulations, our PRC subsidiary, as a wholly foreign-owned enterprise in China, may pay dividends only out of their respective accumulated after-tax profits as determined in accordance with PRC accounting standards and regulations. In addition, a wholly foreign-owned enterprise is required to set aside at least 10% of its accumulated after-tax profits each year, if any, to fund certain statutory reserve funds, until the aggregate amount of such funds reaches 50% of its registered capital. At its discretion, a wholly foreign-owned enterprise may allocate a portion of its after-tax profits based on PRC accounting standards to staff welfare and bonus funds. These reserve funds and staff welfare and bonus funds are not distributable as cash dividends.
Our PRC subsidiary is currently unable to pay us any dividend given its financial condition. If our PRC subsidiary’s financial condition improves, the above discussed PRC laws will likely limit its ability to pay dividends or make other distributions to us. Such limitations could materially and adversely impact our cash flows and limit our ability to grow, make investments or acquisitions that could be beneficial to our business, pay dividends, or otherwise fund and conduct our business. See also “— If we are classified as a PRC resident enterprise for PRC income tax purposes, such classification could result in unfavorable tax consequences to us and our non-PRC stockholders.”
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PRC regulation of loans to and direct investment in PRC entities by offshore holding companies and governmental control of currency conversion may delay or prevent us from using the proceeds of this offering to make loans to or make additional capital contributions to our PRC subsidiary, which could materially and adversely affect our liquidity and our ability to fund and expand our business.
Under PRC laws and regulations, we are permitted to utilize the proceeds from this offering to fund our PRC subsidiary by making loans to or additional capital contributions to our PRC subsidiary, subject to applicable government registration and approval requirements.
Any loans to our PRC subsidiary, which are treated as foreign-invested enterprises under PRC laws, are subject to PRC regulations and foreign exchange loan registrations. For example, loans by us to our PRC subsidiary to finance their activities cannot exceed statutory limits and must be registered with the local counterpart of the State Administration of Foreign Exchange, or SAFE. The statutory limit for the total amount of foreign debts of a foreign-invested company is the difference between the amount of total investment as approved by the MOC or its local counterpart and the amount of registered capital of such foreign-invested company.
We currently anticipate financing our PRC subsidiary by means of capital contributions. These capital contributions must be approved by the MOC or its local counterpart. In addition, SAFE issued a circular in September 2008, SAFE Circular 142, regulating the conversion by a foreign-invested enterprise of foreign currency registered capital into RMB by restricting how the converted RMB may be used. SAFE Circular 142 provides that the RMB capital converted from foreign currency registered capital of a foreign-invested enterprise may only be used for purposes within the business scope approved by the applicable government authority and unless otherwise provided by law, may not be used for equity investments within the PRC. On July 4, 2014, the SAFE issued the Circular of the SAFE on Relevant Issues Concerning the Pilot Reform in Certain Areas of the Administrative Method of the Conversion of Foreign Exchange Funds by Foreign-invested Enterprises, or SAFE Circular 36, which launched a pilot reform of the administration of the settlement of the foreign exchange capitals of foreign-invested enterprises in certain designated areas from August 4, 2014 and some of the restrictions under SAFE Circular 142 will not apply to the settlement of the foreign exchange capitals of the foreign-invested enterprises established within the designate areas and such enterprises are allowed to use its RMB capital converted from foreign exchange capitals to make equity investment. On March 30, 2015, SAFE promulgated Circular 19, to expand the reform nationwide. Circular 19 came into force and replaced both Circular 142 and Circular 36 on June 1, 2015. Circular 19 allows foreign-invested enterprises to make equity investments by using RMB fund converted from foreign exchange capital. However, Circular 19 continues to prohibit foreign-invested enterprises from, among other things, using RMB fund converted from its foreign exchange capitals for expenditure beyond its business scope, providing entrusted loans or repaying loans between non-financial enterprises. In addition, SAFE strengthened its oversight of the flow and use of the RMB capital converted from foreign currency registered capital of a foreign-invested company. The use of such RMB capital may not be altered without SAFE’s approval, and such RMB capital may not in any case be used to repay RMB loans if the proceeds of such loans have not been used. Violations of these Circulars could result in severe monetary or other penalties. These circulars may significantly limit our ability to use RMB converted from the net proceeds of this offering to fund the establishment of new entities in China by our PRC subsidiary, to invest in or acquire any other PRC companies through our PRC subsidiary, or to establish new variable interest entities in the PRC.
In light of the various requirements imposed by PRC regulations on loans to and direct investment in PRC entities by offshore holding companies, we cannot assure you that we will be able to complete the necessary government registrations or obtain the necessary government approvals on a timely basis, if at all, with respect to future capital contributions or future loans by us to our PRC subsidiary. If we fail to complete such registrations or obtain such approvals, our ability to use the proceeds we expect to receive from this offering and to capitalize or otherwise fund our PRC operations may be negatively affected, which could materially and adversely affect our liquidity and our ability to fund and expand our business.
Fluctuations in exchange rates could have a material adverse effect on our results of operations and the value of your investment.
Substantially all of our revenues and expenditures are denominated in RMB, whereas our reporting currency is the U.S. dollar. As a result, fluctuations in the exchange rate between the U.S. dollar and RMB
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will affect the relative purchasing power in RMB terms of our U.S. dollar assets and the proceeds from this offering. Our reporting currency is the U.S. dollar while the functional currency for our PRC subsidiary and consolidated variable interest entity is RMB. Gains and losses from the remeasurement of assets and liabilities that are receivable or payable in RMB are included in our consolidated statements of operations. The remeasurement has caused the U.S. dollar value of our results of operations to vary with exchange rate fluctuations, and the U.S. dollar value of our results of operations will continue to vary with exchange rate fluctuations. A fluctuation in the value of RMB relative to the U.S. dollar could reduce our profits from operations and the translated value of our net assets when reported in U.S. dollars in our financial statements. This could have a negative impact on our business, financial condition or results of operations as reported in U.S. dollars. If we decide to convert our RMB into U.S. dollars for the purpose of making payments for dividends on our ordinary shares or for other business purposes, appreciation of the U.S. dollar against the RMB would have a negative effect on the U.S. dollar amount available to us. In addition, fluctuations in currencies relative to the periods in which the earnings are generated may make it more difficult to perform period-to-period comparisons of our reported results of operations.
The value of the RMB against the U.S. dollar and other currencies is affected by, among other things, changes in China’s political and economic conditions and China’s foreign exchange policies. On July 21, 2005, the PRC government changed its decade-old policy of pegging the value of the RMB to the U.S. dollar, and the RMB appreciated more than 20% against the U.S. dollar over the following three years. However, the People’s Bank of China, or the PBOC, regularly intervenes in the foreign exchange market to limit fluctuations in RMB exchange rates and achieve policy goals. During the period between July 2008 and June 2010, the exchange rate between the RMB and the U.S. dollar had been stable and traded within a narrow range. However, the RMB fluctuated significantly during that period against other freely traded currencies, in tandem with the U.S. dollar. Since June 2010, the RMB has started to slowly appreciate against the U.S. dollar, though there have been periods when the U.S. dollar has appreciated against the RMB. On August 11, 2015, the PBOC allowed the RMB to depreciate by approximately 2% against the U.S. dollar. It is difficult to predict how long such depreciation of RMB against the U.S. dollar may last and when and how the relationship between the RMB and the U.S. dollar may change again.
There remains significant international pressure on the PRC government to adopt a flexible currency policy. Any significant appreciation or depreciation of the RMB may materially and adversely affect our revenues, earnings and financial position, and the value of, and any dividends payable on, our securities in U.S. dollars. For example, to the extent that we need to convert U.S. dollars we receive from this initial public offering into RMB to pay our operating expenses, appreciation of the RMB against the U.S. dollar would have an adverse effect on the RMB amount we would receive from the conversion. Conversely, a significant depreciation of the RMB against the U.S. dollar may significantly reduce the U.S. dollar equivalent of our earnings, which in turn could adversely affect the price of our securities.
Very limited hedging options are available in China to reduce our exposure to exchange rate fluctuations. To date, we have not entered into any hedging transactions in an effort to reduce our exposure to foreign currency exchange risk. While we may decide to enter into hedging transactions in the future, the availability and effectiveness of these hedges may be limited and we may not be able to adequately hedge our exposure or at all. In addition, our currency exchange losses may be magnified by PRC exchange control regulations that restrict our ability to convert RMB into foreign currency. As a result, fluctuations in exchange rates may have a material adverse effect on your investment.
Governmental control of currency conversion may limit our ability to utilize our net revenues effectively and affect the value of your investment.
The PRC government imposes controls on the convertibility of the RMB into foreign currencies and, in certain cases, the remittance of currency out of China. We receive substantially all of our net revenues in RMB. Under our current corporate structure, we rely on dividend payments from our PRC subsidiary to fund any cash and financing requirements we may have. Under existing PRC foreign exchange regulations, payments of current account items, such as profit distributions and trade and service-related foreign exchange transactions, can be made in foreign currencies without prior approval from SAFE by complying with certain procedural requirements. Therefore, our PRC subsidiary is able to pay dividends in foreign currencies to us without prior approval from SAFE, subject to the condition that the remittance of such
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dividends outside of the PRC complies with certain procedures under PRC foreign exchange regulation, such as the overseas investment registrations by the beneficial owners of our company who are PRC residents. But approval from or registration with appropriate government authorities is required where RMB is to be converted into foreign currency and remitted out of China to pay capital expenses such as the repayment of loans denominated in foreign currencies. The PRC government may also at its discretion restrict access in the future to foreign currencies for current account transactions. If the foreign exchange control system prevents us from obtaining sufficient foreign currencies to satisfy our foreign currency demands, we may not be able to pay dividends in foreign currencies to our stockholders.
Failure to make adequate contributions to various employee benefit plans as required by PRC regulations may subject us to penalties.
We are required under PRC laws and regulations to participate in various government sponsored employee benefit plans, including certain social insurance, housing funds and other welfare-oriented payment obligations, and contribute to the plans in amounts equal to certain percentages of salaries, including bonuses and allowances, of our employees up to a maximum amount specified by the local government from time to time at locations where we operate our businesses. The requirement of employee benefit plans has not been implemented consistently by the local governments in China given the different levels of economic development in different locations. We have not made adequate employee benefit payments. We may be required to make up the contributions for these plans as well as to pay late fees and fines. If we are subject to late fees or fines in relation to the underpaid employee benefits, our financial condition and results of operations may be adversely affected.
The approval of the China Securities Regulatory Commission may be required in connection with this offering under a regulation adopted in August 2006, as amended, and, if required, we cannot predict whether we will be able to obtain such approval.
The Regulations on Mergers and Acquisitions of Domestic Companies by Foreign Investors, or the M&A Rules, adopted by six PRC regulatory agencies in August 2006 and amended in 2009, requires an overseas special purpose vehicle formed for listing purposes through acquisitions of PRC domestic companies and controlled by PRC companies or individuals to obtain the approval of the China Securities Regulatory Commission, or the CSRC, prior to the listing and trading of such special purpose vehicle’s securities on an overseas stock exchange. In September 2006, the CSRC published a notice on its official website specifying documents and materials required to be submitted to it by a special purpose vehicle seeking CSRC approval of its overseas listings. The application of the M&A Rules remains unclear.
Our PRC counsel, Yuan Tai Law Offices, has advised us based on their understanding of the current PRC laws, rules and regulations that the CSRC’s approval is not required for the listing and trading of our securities on the NASDAQ in the context of this offering, given that:
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we established our PRC subsidiary, Senmiao Consulting, by means of direct investment rather than by merger with or acquisition of PRC domestic companies; and
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no explicit provision in the M&A Rules classifies the respective contractual arrangements between Senmiao Consulting, Sichuan Senmiao and its equity holders as a type of acquisition transaction falling under the M&A Rules.
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However, there remains some uncertainty as to how the M&A Rules will be interpreted or implemented in the context of an overseas offering and the CSRC’s opinions summarized above are subject to any new laws, rules and regulations or detailed implementations and interpretations in any form relating to the M&A Rules. We cannot assure you that relevant PRC government agencies, including the CSRC, would reach the same conclusion as we do. If the CSRC or any other PRC regulatory agencies subsequently determines that we need to obtain the CSRC’s approval for this offering or if the CSRC or any other PRC government agencies promulgates any interpretation or implements rules before our listing that would require us to obtain CSRC or other governmental approvals for this offering, we may face adverse actions or sanctions by the CSRC or other PRC regulatory agencies. Sanctions may include fines and penalties on our operations in the PRC, limitations on our operating privileges in the PRC, delays in or restrictions on the repatriation of the proceeds from this offering into the PRC, restrictions on or prohibition of the
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payments or remittance of dividends by our PRC subsidiary, or other actions that could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations, reputation and prospects, as well as the trading price of our securities. The CSRC or other PRC regulatory agencies may also take actions requiring us, or making it advisable for us, to halt this offering before the settlement and delivery of the securities that we are offering. Consequently, if you engage in market trading or other activities in anticipation of and prior to the settlement and delivery of the securities we are offering, you would be doing so at the risk that the settlement and delivery may not occur. In addition, if the CSRC or other PRC regulatory agencies later promulgate new rules or explanations requiring that we obtain their approvals for this offering, we may be unable to obtain a waiver of such approval requirements, if and when procedures are established to obtain such a waiver. Any uncertainties and/or negative publicity regarding such approval requirement could have a material adverse effect on the trading price of our securities.
The M&A Rules and certain other PRC regulations establish complex procedures for some acquisitions of Chinese companies by foreign investors, which could make it more difficult for us to pursue growth through acquisitions in China.
The M&A Rules discussed in the preceding risk factor and some other regulations and rules concerning mergers and acquisitions established additional procedures and requirements that could make merger and acquisition activities by foreign investors more time consuming and complex, including requirements in some instances that the MOC be notified in advance of any change-of-control transaction in which a foreign investor takes control of a PRC domestic enterprise. Moreover, the Anti-Monopoly Law requires that the MOC shall be notified in advance of any concentration of undertaking if certain thresholds are triggered. In addition, the security review rules issued by the MOC that became effective in September 2011 specify that mergers and acquisitions by foreign investors that raise “national defense and security” concerns and mergers and acquisitions through which foreign investors may acquire de facto control over domestic enterprises that raise “national security” concerns are subject to strict review by the MOC, and the rules prohibit any activities attempting to bypass a security review, including by structuring the transaction through a proxy or contractual control arrangement. In the future, we may grow our business by acquiring complementary businesses. Complying with the requirements of the above-mentioned regulations and other relevant rules to complete such transactions could be time consuming, and any required approval processes, including obtaining approval from the MOC or its local counterparts may delay or inhibit our ability to complete such transactions, which could affect our ability to expand our business or maintain our market share.
PRC regulations relating to offshore investment activities by PRC residents may limit our PRC subsidiary’ ability to increase their registered capital or distribute profits to us or otherwise expose us or our PRC resident beneficial owners to liability and penalties under PRC law.
SAFE promulgated the Circular on Relevant Issues Relating to Domestic Resident’s Investment and Financing and Roundtrip Investment through Special Purpose Vehicles, or SAFE Circular 37, in July 2014 that requires PRC residents or entities to register with SAFE or its local branch in connection with their establishment or control of an offshore entity established for the purpose of overseas investment or financing. In addition, such PRC residents or entities must update their SAFE registrations when the offshore special purpose vehicle undergoes material events relating to any change of basic information (including change of such PRC citizens or residents, name and operation term), increases or decreases in investment amount, transfers or exchanges of shares, or mergers or divisions. SAFE Circular 37 is issued to replace the Notice on Relevant Issues Concerning Foreign Exchange Administration for PRC Residents Engaging in Financing and Roundtrip Investments via Overseas Special Purpose Vehicles, or SAFE Circular 75. SAFE promulgated the Notice on Further Simplifying and Improving the Administration of the Foreign Exchange Concerning Direct Investment in February 2015, which took effect on June 1, 2015. This notice has amended SAFE Circular 37 requiring PRC residents or entities to register with qualified banks rather than SAFE or its local branch in connection with their establishment or control of an offshore entity established for the purpose of overseas investment or financing.
If our stockholders who are PRC residents or entities do not complete their registration as required, our PRC subsidiary may be prohibited from distributing their profits and proceeds from any reduction in capital, share transfer or liquidation to us, and we may be restricted in our ability to contribute additional
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capital to our PRC subsidiary. Moreover, failure to comply with the SAFE registration described above could result in liability under PRC laws for evasion of applicable foreign exchange restrictions.
All of our stockholders who directly or indirectly hold shares in our Nevada holding company and who are known to us as being PRC residents are in the process of completing the foreign exchange registrations required in connection with our contemplated corporate restructuring.
However, there can be no assurance that these stockholders will complete their Circular 37 registration. In addition, we may not be informed of the identities of all the PRC residents or entities holding direct or indirect interest in our company, nor can we compel our beneficial owners to comply with SAFE registration requirements. As a result, we cannot assure you that all of our stockholders or beneficial owners who are PRC residents or entities have complied with, and will in the future make or obtain any applicable registrations or approvals required by, SAFE regulations. Failure by such stockholders or beneficial owners to comply with SAFE regulations, or failure by us to amend the foreign exchange registrations of our PRC subsidiary, could subject us to fines or legal sanctions, restrict our overseas or cross-border investment activities, limit our PRC subsidiary’ ability to make distributions or pay dividends to us or affect our ownership structure, which could adversely affect our business and prospects.
Any failure to comply with PRC regulations regarding the registration requirements for employee stock incentive plans may subject the PRC plan participants or us to fines and other legal or administrative sanctions.
In February 2012, SAFE promulgated the Notices on Issues Concerning the Foreign Exchange Administration for Domestic Individuals Participating in Stock Incentive Plans of Overseas Publicly-Listed Companies, replacing earlier rules promulgated in March 2007. Pursuant to these rules, PRC citizens and non-PRC citizens who reside in China for a continuous period of not less than one year who participate in any stock incentive plan of an overseas publicly listed company, subject to a few exceptions, are required to register with SAFE through a domestic qualified agent, which could be the PRC subsidiary of such overseas listed company, and complete certain other procedures. In addition, an overseas entrusted institution must be retained to handle matters in connection with the exercise or sale of stock options and the purchase or sale of shares and interests. In the event we adopt an equity incentive plan, we and our executive officers and other employees who are PRC citizens or who have resided in the PRC for a continuous period of not less than one year and who are granted options or other awards under the equity incentive plan will be subject to these regulations when our company becomes an overseas listed company upon the completion of this offering. Failure to complete the SAFE registrations may subject them to fines and legal sanctions and may also limit our ability to contribute additional capital into our PRC subsidiary and limit our PRC subsidiary’ ability to distribute dividends to us. We also face regulatory uncertainties that could restrict our ability to adopt additional incentive plans for our directors, executive officers and employees under PRC law. See “Regulation — SAFE Regulations Relating to Employee Stock Incentive Plans.”
If we are classified as a PRC resident enterprise for PRC income tax purposes, such classification could result in unfavorable tax consequences to us and our non-PRC stockholders.
Under the PRC Enterprise Income Tax Law and its implementation rules, an enterprise established outside of the PRC with a “de facto management body” within the PRC is considered a resident enterprise and will be subject to the enterprise income tax on its global income at the rate of 25%. The implementation rules define the term “de facto management body” as the body that exercises full and substantial control over and overall management of the business, productions, personnel, accounts and properties of an enterprise. In April 2009, the State Administration of Taxation issued a circular, known as Circular 82, which provides certain specific criteria for determining whether the “de facto management body” of a PRC-controlled enterprise that is incorporated offshore is located in China. Although this circular only applies to offshore enterprises controlled by PRC enterprises or PRC enterprise groups, not those controlled by PRC individuals or foreigners like us, the criteria set forth in the circular may reflect the State Administration of Taxation’s general position on how the “de facto management body” test should be applied in determining the tax resident status of all offshore enterprises. According to Circular 82, an offshore incorporated enterprise controlled by a PRC enterprise or a PRC enterprise group will be regarded
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as a PRC tax resident by virtue of having its “de facto management body” in China and will be subject to PRC enterprise income tax on its global income only if all of the following conditions are met: (i) the primary location of the day-to-day operational management is in the PRC; (ii) decisions relating to the enterprise’s financial and human resource matters are made or are subject to approval by organizations or personnel in the PRC; (iii) the enterprise’s primary assets, accounting books and records, company seals, and board and shareholder resolutions, are located or maintained in the PRC; and (iv) at least 50% of voting board members or senior executives habitually reside in the PRC.
We believe none of our entities outside of China is a PRC resident enterprise for PRC tax purposes. See “Regulation — Regulations Related to Tax.” However, the tax resident status of an enterprise is subject to determination by the PRC tax authorities and uncertainties remain with respect to the interpretation of the term “de facto management body.” As substantially all of our management members are based in China, it remains unclear how the tax residency rule will apply to our case. If the PRC tax authorities determine that the Company or any of our subsidiaries outside of China is a PRC resident enterprise for PRC enterprise income tax purposes, then the Company or such subsidiary could be subject to PRC tax at a rate of 25% on its world-wide income, which could materially reduce our net income. In addition, we will also be subject to PRC enterprise income tax reporting obligations. Furthermore, if the PRC tax authorities determine that we are a PRC resident enterprise for enterprise income tax purposes, gains realized on the sale or other disposition of our securities may be subject to PRC tax, at a rate of 10% in the case of non-PRC enterprises or 20% in the case of non-PRC individuals (in each case, subject to the provisions of any applicable tax treaty), if such gains are deemed to be from PRC sources. It is unclear whether non-PRC stockholders of our company would be able to claim the benefits of any tax treaties between their country of tax residence and the PRC in the event that we are treated as a PRC resident enterprise. Any such tax may reduce the returns on your investment in our securities.
Enhanced scrutiny over acquisition transactions by the PRC tax authorities may have a negative impact on potential acquisitions we may pursue in the future.
The PRC tax authorities have enhanced their scrutiny over the direct or indirect transfer of certain taxable assets, including, in particular, equity interests in a PRC resident enterprise, by a non-resident enterprise by promulgating and implementing SAT Circular 59 and Circular 698, which became effective in January 2008, and a Circular 7 in replacement of some of the existing rules in Circular 698, which became effective in February 2015.
Under Circular 698, where a non-resident enterprise conducts an “indirect transfer” by transferring the equity interests of a PRC “resident enterprise” indirectly by disposing of the equity interests of an overseas holding company, the non-resident enterprise, being the transferor, may be subject to PRC enterprise income tax, if the indirect transfer is considered to be an abusive use of company structure without reasonable commercial purposes. As a result, gains derived from such indirect transfer may be subject to PRC tax at a rate of up to 10%. Circular 698 also provides that, where a non-PRC resident enterprise transfers its equity interests in a PRC resident enterprise to its related parties at a price lower than the fair market value, the relevant tax authority has the power to make a reasonable adjustment to the taxable income of the transaction.
In February 2015, the SAT issued Circular 7 to replace the rules relating to indirect transfers in Circular 698. Circular 7 has introduced a new tax regime that is significantly different from that under Circular 698. Circular 7 extends its tax jurisdiction to not only indirect transfers set forth under Circular 698 but also transactions involving transfer of other taxable assets, through the offshore transfer of a foreign intermediate holding company. In addition, Circular 7 provides clearer criteria than Circular 698 on how to assess reasonable commercial purposes and has introduced safe harbors for internal group restructurings and the purchase and sale of equity through a public securities market. Circular 7 also brings challenges to both the foreign transferor and transferee (or other person who is obligated to pay for the transfer) of the taxable assets. Where a non-resident enterprise conducts an “indirect transfer” by transferring the taxable assets indirectly by disposing of the equity interests of an overseas holding company, the non-resident enterprise being the transferor, or the transferee, or the PRC entity which directly owned the taxable assets may report to the relevant tax authority such indirect transfer. Using a “substance over form” principle, the PRC tax authority may disregard the existence of the overseas holding company if it lacks a reasonable commercial
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purpose and was established for the purpose of reducing, avoiding or deferring PRC tax. As a result, gains derived from such indirect transfer may be subject to PRC enterprise income tax, and the transferee or other person who is obligated to pay for the transfer is obligated to withhold the applicable taxes, currently at a rate of 10% for the transfer of equity interests in a PRC resident enterprise.
We face uncertainties on the reporting and consequences on future private equity financing transactions, share exchange or other transactions involving the transfer of shares in our company by investors that are non-PRC resident enterprises. The PRC tax authorities may pursue such non-resident enterprises with respect to a filing or the transferees with respect to withholding obligation, and request our PRC subsidiaries to assist in the filing. As a result, we and non-resident enterprises in such transactions may become at risk of being subject to filing obligations or being taxed, under Circular 59 or Circular 698 and Circular 7, and may be required to expend valuable resources to comply with Circular 59, Circular 698 and Circular 7 or to establish that we and our non-resident enterprises should not be taxed under these circulars, which may have a material adverse effect on our financial condition and results of operations.
The PRC tax authorities have the discretion under SAT Circular 59, Circular 698 and Circular 7 to make adjustments to the taxable capital gains based on the difference between the fair value of the taxable assets transferred and the cost of investment. Although we currently have no plans to pursue any acquisitions in China or elsewhere in the world, we may pursue acquisitions in the future that may involve complex corporate structures. If we are considered a non-resident enterprise under the PRC Enterprise Income Tax Law and if the PRC tax authorities make adjustments to the taxable income of the transactions under SAT Circular 59 or Circular 698 and Circular 7, our income tax costs associated with such potential acquisitions will be increased, which may have an adverse effect on our financial condition and results of operations.
Risks Related to This Offering and Our Common Stock
There has been no public market for our common stock prior to this offering, and you may not be able to resell our common stock at or above the price you paid, or at all.
Prior to this initial public offering, there has been no public market for our common stock. We intend to list our common stock on Nasdaq. If an active trading market for our common stock does not develop after this offering, the market price and liquidity of our common stock will be materially and adversely affected.
Negotiations with the underwriters will determine the initial public offering price for our common stock which may bear no relationship to their market price after the initial public offering. We cannot assure you that an active trading market for our common stock will develop or that the market price of our common stock will not decline below the initial public offering price.
The market price for our common stock may be volatile.
The trading prices of our common stock are likely to be volatile and could fluctuate widely due to factors beyond our control. This may happen because of broad market and industry factors, like the performance and fluctuation in the market prices or the underperformance or deteriorating financial results of internet or other companies based in China that have listed their securities in the United States in recent years. The securities of some of these companies have experienced significant volatility since their initial public offerings, including, in some cases, substantial decline in their trading prices. The trading performances of other Chinese companies’ securities after their offerings may affect the attitudes of investors toward Chinese companies listed in the United States, which consequently may impact the trading performance of our common stock, regardless of our actual operating performance. In addition, any negative news or perceptions about inadequate corporate governance practices or fraudulent accounting, corporate structure or other matters of other Chinese companies may also negatively affect the attitudes of investors towards Chinese companies in general, including us, regardless of whether we have conducted any inappropriate activities. In addition, securities markets may from time to time experience significant price and volume fluctuations that are not related to our operating performance, which may have a material adverse effect on the market price of our common stock.
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In addition to the above factors, the price and trading volume of our common stock may be highly volatile due to multiple factors, including the following:
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regulatory developments affecting us, our users, or our industry;
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regulatory uncertainties with regard to our variable interest entity arrangements;
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announcements of studies and reports relating to our loan products and service offerings or those of our competitors;
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changes in the economic performance or market valuations of other online finance marketplaces;
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actual or anticipated fluctuations in our quarterly results of operations and changes or revisions of our expected results;
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changes in financial estimates by securities research analysts;
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conditions in the internet and marketplace lending industries;
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announcements by us or our competitors of new product and service offerings, acquisitions, strategic relationships, joint ventures or capital commitments;
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additions to or departures of our senior management;
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detrimental negative publicity about us, our management or our industry;
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fluctuations of exchange rates between the RMB and the U.S. dollar;
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release or expiry of lock-up or other transfer restrictions on our outstanding shares of common stock; and
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sales or perceived potential sales of additional shares of common stock.
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Because our initial public offering price is substantially higher than our net tangible book value per share, you will experience immediate and substantial dilution.
If you purchase common stock in this offering, you will pay more for your common stock than the amount paid by our existing stockholders for their common stock. As a result, you will experience immediate and substantial dilution of US$3.8364 per share, representing the difference between the assumed initial public offering price of US$4.25 per share, the midpoint of the estimated range of the initial public offering price, and our net tangible book value per share as of December 31, 2017, after giving effect to the net proceeds to us from this offering. In addition, you may experience further dilution to the extent that shares of our common stock are issued upon the exercise of any share options. See “Dilution” for a more complete description of how the value of your investment in our common stock will be diluted upon completion of this offering.
If a limited number of participants in this offering purchase a significant percentage of the offering, the effective public float may be smaller than anticipated and the price of our common shares may be volatile which could subject us to securities litigation and make it more difficult for you to sell your shares.
As a company conducting a relatively small public offering, we are subject to the risk that a small number of investors will purchase a high percentage of the offering. While the underwriters are required to sell shares in this offering to at least 300 round lot stockholders (a round lot stockholder is a stockholder who purchases at least 100 shares) in order to ensure that we meet the Nasdaq Capital Market initial listing standards, we have not otherwise imposed any obligations on the underwriters as to the maximum number of shares they may place with individual investors. If, in the course of marketing the offering, the underwriters were to determine that demand for our shares was concentrated in a limited number of investors and such investors determined to hold their shares after the offering rather than trade them in the market, other stockholders could find the trading and price of our shares affected (positively or negatively) by the limited availability of our shares. If this were to happen, investors could find our shares to be more volatile than they might otherwise anticipate. Companies that experience such volatility in their stock price may be more likely to be the subject of securities litigation. In addition, if a large portion of our public float were to be held by a few investors, smaller investors may find it more difficult to sell their shares.
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Substantial future sales or perceived potential sales of our common stock in the public market could cause the price of our common stock to decline.
Sales of our common stock in the public market after this offering, or the perception that these sales could occur, could cause the market price of our common stock to decline. Immediately after the completion of this offering, we will have 25,750,000 shares of common stock outstanding assuming the underwriters do not exercise their over-allotment option. All common stock sold in this offering will be freely transferable without restriction or additional registration under the Securities Act. 22,500,000 shares of common stock outstanding after this offering will be available for sale, upon the expiration of the 12 month or 24 month, as applicable, lock-up period beginning from the date of this prospectus, subject to volume and other restrictions as applicable under Rules 144 and 701 under the Securities Act. Any or all of these shares may be released prior to the expiration of the lock-up period at the discretion of ViewTrade. To the extent shares are released before the expiration of the lock-up period and sold into the market, the market price of our common stock could decline.
After completion of this offering, certain holders of our common stock may cause us to register under the Securities Act the sale of their shares, subject to the lock-up period in connection with this offering. Registration of these shares under the Securities Act would result in these shares becoming freely tradable without restriction under the Securities Act immediately upon the effectiveness of the registration. Sales of these registered shares in the public market could cause the price of our common stock to decline.
If a large number of our common stock or securities convertible into our common stock are sold in the public market after they become eligible for sale, the sales could reduce the trading price of our common stock and impede our ability to raise future capital.
Certain judgments obtained against us by our stockholders may not be enforceable.
We conduct substantially all of our operations in China and substantially all of our assets are located in China. In addition, all of our directors and executive officers reside within China, and most of the assets of these persons are located within China. As a result, it may be difficult or impossible for you to effect service of process within the United States upon these individuals, or to bring an action against us or against these individuals in the United States in the event that you believe your rights have been infringed under the U.S. federal securities laws or otherwise. Even if you are successful in bringing an action of this kind, the laws of the PRC may render you unable to enforce a judgment against our assets or the assets of our directors and officers.
You must rely on the judgment of our management as to the use of the net proceeds from this offering, and such use may not produce income or increase our stock price.
As of December 31, 2017, we had a cash balance of RMB 554,357 (approximately $85,202). Upon the consummation of this offering, 85% of net proceeds (approximately $9.7 million) will be used in Sichuan Senmiao’s operations. Certain portion of the net proceeds of this offering is allocated for general corporate purposes, which may include working capital needs. Our management will have considerable discretion in the application of the net proceeds received by us. You will not have the opportunity, as part of your investment decision, to assess whether proceeds are being used appropriately. The net proceeds may be used for corporate purposes that do not improve our efforts to achieve or maintain profitability or increase our stock price. The net proceeds from this offering may be placed in investments that do not produce income or that lose value.
Our articles of incorporation and by-laws could deter a change of our management, which could discourage or delay offers to acquire us.
Certain provisions of our articles of incorporation and by-laws could discourage or make it more difficult to accomplish a proxy contest or other change in our management or the acquisition of control by a holder of a substantial amount of our voting stock. It is possible that these provisions could make it more difficult to accomplish, or could deter transactions that stockholders may otherwise consider to be in their best interests or in our best interests. These provisions include:
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requiring stockholders who wish to request a special meeting of the stockholders to disclose certain specified information in such request and to deliver such request in a specific way within a certain timeframe, which may inhibit or deter stockholders from requesting special meetings of the stockholders;
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requiring that stockholders who wish to act by written consent request a record date from us for such action and such request must include disclosure of certain specified information, which may inhibit or deter stockholders from acting by written consent;
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establishing the Board as the sole entity to fill vacancies of the Board, which lengthens the time needed to elect a new majority of the Board;
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establishing a two-thirds majority vote of the stockholders to remove a director from the Board, as opposed to a simple majority, which lengthens the time needed to elect a new majority of the Board; and
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establishing that any person who acquires equity in us shall be deemed to have notice and consented to the forum selection provision of our Bylaws requiring actions to be brought only in Nevada, which may inhibit or deter stockholders actions (i) on behalf of us; (ii) asserting claims of breach of fiduciary duty by officers or directors of us; or (iii) arising out of the Nevada Revised Statutes, and establishing more detailed disclosure in any stockholder’s advance notice to nominate a new member of the Board, including specified information regarding such nominee, which may inhibit or deter such nomination and lengthen the time needed to elect a new majority of the Board.
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We are an emerging growth company within the meaning of the Securities Act and may take advantage of certain reduced reporting requirements.
We are an “emerging growth company,” as defined in the JOBS Act, and we may take advantage of certain exemptions from various requirements applicable to other public companies that are not emerging growth companies including, most significantly, not being required to comply with the auditor attestation requirements of Section 404 of Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 for so long as we are an emerging growth company. As a result, if we elect not to comply with such auditor attestation requirements, our investors may not have access to certain information they may deem important.
The JOBS Act also provides that an emerging growth company does not need to comply with any new or revised financial accounting standards until such date that a private company is otherwise required to comply with such new or revised accounting standards. However, we have elected not to “opt out” of this provision and, as a result, we will comply with new or revised accounting standards as required when they are adopted for private companies. This decision to take advantage of the extended transition period under the JOBS Act is irrevocable.
We will incur increased costs as a result of being a public company, particularly after we cease to qualify as an “emerging growth company.”
Upon completion of this offering, we will become a public company and expect to incur significant legal, accounting and other expenses that we did not incur as a private company. The Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, as well as rules subsequently implemented by the SEC and Nasdaq, impose various requirements on the corporate governance practices of public companies. As a company with less than US$1.07 billion in net revenues for our last fiscal year, we qualify as an “emerging growth company” pursuant to the JOBS Act. An emerging growth company may take advantage of specified reduced reporting and other requirements that are otherwise applicable generally to public companies. These provisions include exemption from the auditor attestation requirement under Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 in the assessment of the emerging growth company’s internal control over financial reporting and permission to delay adopting new or revised accounting standards until such time as those standards apply to private companies. We have elected to take advantage of the extended transition period for complying with new or revised accounting standards. This election under the JOBS Act is irrevocable. Our financial statements may, therefore, not be comparable to those of companies that comply with such new or revised accounting standards. We cannot predict if investors will find our common stock less attractive because we may rely on these exemptions. If some investors find our common stock less attractive as a result, there may be a less active trading market for our common stock and our stock price may be more volatile.
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We expect these rules and regulations to increase our legal and financial compliance costs and to make some corporate activities more time-consuming and costly. After we are no longer an “emerging growth company,” we expect to incur significant expenses and devote substantial management effort toward ensuring compliance with the requirements of Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 and the other rules and regulations of the SEC. For example, as a result of becoming a public company, we will need to increase the number of independent directors and adopt policies regarding internal controls and disclosure controls and procedures. We also expect that operating as a public company will make it more difficult and more expensive for us to obtain director and officer liability insurance, and we may be required to accept reduced policy limits and coverage or incur substantially higher costs to obtain the same or similar coverage. In addition, we will incur additional costs associated with our public company reporting requirements. It may also be more difficult for us to find qualified persons to serve on our board of directors or as executive officers. We are currently evaluating and monitoring developments with respect to these rules and regulations, and we cannot predict or estimate with any degree of certainty the amount of additional costs we may incur or the timing of such costs.
In the past, stockholders of a public company often brought securities class action suits against the company following periods of instability in the market price of that company’s securities. If we were involved in a class action suit, it could divert a significant amount of our management’s attention and other resources from our business and operations, which could harm our results of operations and require us to incur significant expenses to defend the suit. Any such class action suit, whether or not successful, could harm our reputation and restrict our ability to raise capital in the future. In addition, if a claim is successfully made against us, we may be required to pay significant damages, which could have a material adverse effect on our financial condition and results of operations.
If securities or industry analysts do not publish research or publish inaccurate or unfavorable research about our business, the market price for our common stock and trading volume could decline.
The trading market for our common stock will depend in part on the research and reports that securities or industry analysts publish about us or our business. If research analysts do not establish and maintain adequate research coverage or if one or more of the analysts who cover us downgrade our common stock or publish inaccurate or unfavorable research about our business, the market price for our common stock would likely decline. If one or more of these analysts cease coverage of our company or fail to publish reports on us regularly, we could lose visibility in the financial markets, which, in turn, could cause the market price or trading volume for our common stock to decline.
Because we do not expect to pay dividends in the foreseeable future after this offering, you must rely on price appreciation of our common stock for return on your investment.
We currently intend to retain most, if not all, of our available funds and any future earnings after this offering to fund the development and growth of our business. As a result, we do not expect to pay any cash dividends in the foreseeable future. Therefore, you should not rely on an investment in our common stock as a source for any future dividend income.
Our board of directors has discretion as to whether to distribute dividends, subject to certain restrictions under Nevada law. Even if our board of directors decides to declare and pay dividends, the timing, amount and form of future dividends, if any, will depend on, among other things, our future results of operations and cash flow, our capital requirements and surplus, the amount of distributions, if any, received by us from our subsidiary, our financial condition, contractual restrictions and other factors deemed relevant by our board of directors. Accordingly, the return on your investment in our common stock will likely depend entirely upon any future price appreciation of our common stock. There is no guarantee that our common stock will appreciate in value after this offering or even maintain the price at which you purchased our common stock. You may not realize a return on your investment in our common stock and you may even lose your entire investment in our common stock.
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CAUTIONARY NOTE REGARDING FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS
This prospectus contains forward-looking statements which relate to future events or our future financial performance. In some cases, you can identify forward-looking statements by terminology such as “may,” “should,” “expects,” “plans,” “anticipates,” “believes,” “estimates,” “predicts,” “potential” or “continue” or the negative of these terms or other comparable terminology. These statements are only predictions and involve known and unknown risks, uncertainties and other factors, including the risks in the section entitled “Risk Factors” that may cause our or our industry’s actual results, levels of activity, performance or achievements to be materially different from any future results, levels of activity, performance or achievements expressed or implied by these forward-looking statements. In addition, you are directed to factors discussed in the Business section and in the Management’s Discussion of Financial Condition and Results of Operations section and those discussed elsewhere in this prospectus. Factors that may cause actual results, our performance or achievements, or industry results, to differ materially from those contemplated by such forward-looking statements include, without limitation:
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our goals and strategies;
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our future business development, financial condition and results of operations;
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the expected growth of the credit industry, and marketplace lending in particular, in China;
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our expectations regarding demand for and market acceptance of our platform’s products and services;
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our expectations regarding our platform’s user base;
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our plans to invest in our platform;
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our relationships with our partners;
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competition in our industry; and
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relevant government policies and regulations relating to our industry.
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Although the forward-looking statements included herein, and any assumptions upon which they are based, are made in good faith and reflect our current judgment regarding the direction of our business, actual results will almost always vary, sometimes materially, from any estimates, predictions, projections, assumptions or other future performance suggested herein. Except as required by applicable law, including by the securities laws of the United States, we do not intend to update any of the forward-looking statements to conform these statements to actual results.
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USE OF PROCEEDS
We estimate that we will receive net proceeds from this offering of approximately $11.4 million after deducting estimated underwriting discounts and commissions and the estimated offering expenses payable by us and based upon an assumed initial offering price of  $4.25 per share (the mid-point of the estimated public offering price range shown on the cover page of this prospectus) (excluding any exercise of the underwriters’ over-allotment option). A $1.00 increase (decrease) in the assumed initial public offering price of  $4.25 per share would increase (decrease) the net proceeds to us from this offering by approximately $3.0 million, after deducting the estimated underwriting discounts and commissions and estimated aggregate offering expenses payable by us and assuming no change to the number of shares of common stock offered by us as set forth on the cover page of this prospectus.
Proceeds of this offering in the amount of  $1,200,000 shall be used to fund an escrow account for a period of 18 months following the closing date of this offering, which account shall be used in the event we have to indemnify the underwriters pursuant to the terms of an underwriting agreement with the underwriters.
We plan to use the net proceeds we will receive from this offering for business development, technology development, new hires, as well as for general working capital purposes. Specifically, we intend to use approximately $5.7 million (50%) of net proceeds on developing technologies that are essential to expanding our business, including risk management system, lending mobile application and business operation management system, approximately $4.56 million (40%) on marketing and promotion and approximately $1.14 million (10%) on hiring additional employees. 85% of the net proceeds from this offering will be used by Sichuan Senmiao and the rest of the net proceeds will be used by us for the above discussed purposes.
In using the proceeds of this offering, we are permitted under PRC laws and regulations as an offshore holding company to provide funding to our wholly owned subsidiary in China through capital contributions and/or loans, subject to the approval of and/or filing with government authorities and limit on the amount of capital contributions and loans.
Subject to satisfaction of applicable government registration and approval/filing requirements, we may make additional capital contributions or extend inter-company loans to our wholly owned subsidiary in China to fund its capital expenditures or working capital. We intend to increase the registered capital of the WFOE to $6,000,000 and its total approved investment amount to $15,000,000. Upon approvals of such increases, $6,000,000 of the offering proceeds will be remitted to the WFOE as the capital contributions and $4,200,000 of the offering proceeds will be loaned by us to the WFOE.
We currently anticipate financing our subsidiary by means of capital contributions and using a portion of the net proceeds from this offering. The WFOE’s current registered capital is RMB 1,000,000 (approximately US$158,770). The increase in registered capital and total investment amount will require (i) filing with MOFCOM and (ii) registration with SAIC to alter WFOE’s business license to reflect the increase in registered capital, or each of the foregoing agencies’ respective local counterparts. This approval process typically takes 30 to 90 days in total, and sometimes longer. Other than procedural requirements disclosed above and certain ratio requirements discussed below, there are no limit for increasing registered capital under current PRC laws and regulations.
If we provide funding to the WFOE through loans, the total amount of such loans may not exceed the difference between the WFOE’s total investment as approved by the foreign investment authorities and its registered capital. The WFOE’s current registered capital and total approved investment are both RMB 1,000,000 (approximately US$158,770). As discussed above, following this offering, we intend to increase the registered capital of the WFOE to $6,000,000 and its total approved investment amount to $15,000,000. In connection with the increases of WFOE’s registered capital and total approved investment, the ratio of the total approved investment amount and the registered capital must meet certain quantitative standards under the Interim Provisions of the State Administration for Industry and Commerce on the Ratio of the Registered Capital to the Total Investment of a Sino-Foreign Equity Joint Venture Enterprise. Pursuant to such regulation, if the total approved investment of the WFOE is increased to $15 million, the WFOE’s registered capital should be 2/5 of the total approved investment (or $6 million). In terms of procedure, loans made to the WFOE by us must be registered with SAFE or its local branches, which usually takes up
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to 20 working days to complete. If needed, we plan to extend loans to the WFOE at an annual interest of 1% for a term of one to three year(s) which we will determine at the time of extending the loan.
Among the $10.2 million proceeds to be remitted to the WFOE, a certain portion will be further remitted to Sichuan Senmiao for further expansions of its business operations. We also plan to transfer a major portion of our research and development and marketing functions from Sichuan Senmiao to the WFOE after the closing of this offering. The proceeds not remitted to Sichuan Senmiao will be used for expanding these functions.
The expected use of net proceeds from this offering represents our intentions based upon our current plans and business conditions, which could change in the future as our plans and business conditions evolve and change. The amounts and timing of our actual expenditures, specifically with respect to working capital, may vary significantly depending on numerous factors. As a result, our management will retain broad discretion over the allocation of the net proceeds from this offering.
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DIVIDEND POLICY
We have never declared or paid any cash dividend on our capital stock. We do not anticipate paying any cash dividends in the foreseeable future and we intend to retain all of our earnings, if any, to finance our growth and operations and to fund the expansion of our business. Payment of any dividends will be made in the discretion of our Board of Directors, after its taking into account various factors, including our financial condition, operating results, current and anticipated cash needs and plans for expansion. Any dividends that may be declared or paid on our common stock, must also be paid in the same consideration or manner, as the case may be, on our shares of preferred stock, if any.
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CAPITALIZATION
The following table sets forth our short-term debt and consolidated capitalization as of December 31, 2017:
•
on an actual basis; and
​
•
an as adjusted basis to reflect our sale of 3,250,000 shares of common stock in this offering at an assumed initial public offering price of  $4.25 per share, which represents the mid-point of the estimated range of the initial public offering price shown on the front cover of this prospectus.
​
You should read this information in conjunction with “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations,” our consolidated financial statements and the related notes appearing elsewhere in this prospectus.
The as adjusted information below is illustrative only and our capitalization following the completion of this offering is subject to adjustment based on the initial public offering price of our common stock and other terms of this offering determined at pricing. You should read this table in conjunction with our financial statements and notes thereto included in this prospectus, and the information under “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations.”

​ | ​ | ​ | As of December 31, 2017 | ​
​ | ​ | ​ | Actual | ​ | ​ | As Adjusted | ​
Cash and cash equivalents | ​ | ​ | ​ | $ | 85,202 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 11,529,685 | ​ | ​
Total liabilities | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 894,313 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 894,313 | ​ | ​
Share capital (22,500,000 shares of common stock issued and outstanding, actual; 25,750,000 shares of common stock issued and outstanding, as adjusted) | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 2,250 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 2,575 | ​ | ​
Accumulated deficit | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 1,733,837 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 1,733,837 | ​ | ​
Stockholders’ equity | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 9,156,252 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 20,600,048 | ​ | ​
Total capitalization | ​ | ​ | ​ | $ | 10,050,565 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 21,495,048 | ​ | ​
​

A $1.00 increase (decrease) in the assumed initial public offering price of  $4.25 per share, the midpoint of the price range set forth on the cover page of this prospectus, would increase (decrease) share capital and total capitalization by approximately $3.0 million, assuming that the number of shares offered by us, as set forth on the cover page of this prospectus, remains the same and after deducting estimated underwriting discounts and commissions and estimated offering expenses. A one million share increase (decrease) in the number of shares sold by us in this offering would increase (decrease) share capital and total capitalization by approximately $3.9 million, assuming an initial public offering price of  $4.25 per share, the midpoint of the price range set forth on the cover page of this prospectus, and after deducting estimated underwriting discounts and commissions and estimated offering expenses.
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DILUTION
Our pro forma net tangible book value as of December 31, 2017 was approximately $(792,839), or approximately $(0.0352) per share. “Pro forma net tangible book value per share” represents the amount of our total tangible assets less the amount of our total liabilities, divided by the number of shares of common stock outstanding.
Dilution in pro forma net tangible book value per share represents the difference between the amount per share paid by purchasers of shares of common stock in this offering and the pro forma net tangible book value per share immediately after completion of this offering. Our pro forma net tangible book value as of December 31, 2017 would have been approximately $10.7 million, or approximately $0.4136 per share, after giving effect to the sale of the shares being offered and deducting underwriting discounts and commissions and the estimated offering expenses.
This represents an immediate increase in pro forma net tangible book value of  $0.4488 per share to existing stockholders and an immediate dilution in pro forma net tangible book value of  $3.8364 per share to new investors. The following table illustrates this per share dilution:

​ | Assumed initial public offering price per share | ​ | ​ | ​ | $ | 4.25 | ​ | ​
​ | Pro forma net tangible book value per share as of September 30, 2017 | ​ | ​ | ​ | $ | (0.0352) | ​ | ​
​ | Increase in pro forma net tangible book value per share attributable to price paid by new investors | ​ | ​ | ​ | $ | 0.4488 | ​ | ​
​ | Pro forma net tangible book value per share after this offering | ​ | ​ | ​ | $ | 0.4136 | ​ | ​
​ | Dilution in pro forma net tangible book value per share to new investors in this offering | ​ | ​ | ​ | $ | 3.8364 | ​ | ​

The following table summarizes on a pro forma basis the differences as of December 31, 2017 between the stockholders and the new investors with respect to the number of shares purchased from us, the total consideration paid and the average price per share paid before deducting underwriting discounts and commissions and estimated offering expenses payable by us.

​ | ​ | ​ | Shares purchased | ​ | ​ | Total consideration | ​ | ​ | Average price per share | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | ​ | Number | ​ | ​ | % | ​ | ​ | $ | ​ | ​ | % | ​ | ​ | $ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | ​ | (in thousands, except for percentages and per share data) | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Existing stockholders | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 22,500,000 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 87.38% | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 4,500 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 0.03% | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 0.0002 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
New investors | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 3,250,000 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 12.62% | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 13,812,500 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 99.97% | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 4.25 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Total | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 25,750,000 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 100.00% | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 13,817,000 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 100.00% | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 0.5366 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
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MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITIONS
AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
The following discussion and analysis of our results of operations and financial condition should be read together with our consolidated financial statements and the notes thereto and other financial information, which are included elsewhere in this registration statement. Our financial statements have been prepared in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles (“U.S. GAAP”). In addition, our financial statements and the financial information included in this registration statement reflect our organizational transactions and have been prepared as if our current corporate structure had been in place throughout the relevant periods.
This section contains forward-looking statements. These forward-looking statements are subject to various factors, risks and uncertainties that could cause actual results to differ materially from those reflected in these forward-looking statements. Further, as a result of these factors, risks and uncertainties, the forward-looking events may not occur. Relevant factors, risks and uncertainties include, but are not limited to, those discussed in the section entitled “Business,” “Risk Factors” and elsewhere in this registration statement. Readers are cautioned not to place undue reliance on forward-looking statements, which reflect management’s beliefs and opinions as of the date of this registration statement. We are not obligated to publicly update or revise any forward looking statements, whether as a result of new information, future events or otherwise. See “Cautionary Note Regarding Forward-Looking Statements.”
Overview
We operate an online lending platform in China connecting Chinese investors with individual and SME borrowers. Through our platform, we offer quick and easy access to credit to borrowers and attractive investment returns for investors. As more fully described in the Business section, we acquired our lending platform (including website, ICP registration, operating systems, servers, and management system), relevant employees and registered users of the platform from Chenghexin, a limited liability company based in Sichuan, China. Since the Acquisition through December 31, 2017, we have facilitated direct loans and assignment of loans with an aggregate of principal of over RMB427 million (approximately US$67.8 million). As of December 31, 2017, we had an aggregate of 39,364 registered users and a total of 3,364 investors, 1,936 borrowers and two creditor partners had participated in loan transactions through our platform. As discussed in detail under the Business section of this prospectus, through our interaction with registered users of our platform, these users may participate in loan transactions facilitated or assigned on our platform as borrowers or investors.
Our online platform enables us to efficiently match borrowers with investors and execute loan transactions. We seek to address an unmet investor and borrower demand in China. While presently our borrowers mainly come from referrals from our business partners, our investors come from a variety of channels, including online sources, such as the internet and our mobile applications, as well as offline sources, such as promotion through our own business development department as well as referrals from our business partners.
Historically, we offered two types of products: standard loans and assignment of loans, providing qualified borrowers with convenient access to affordable credit at competitive prices and creditors with a fast and cost-efficient way to assign their existing loans for more liquidity. Starting in January 2018, we no longer offer the loan assignment services to creditors in preparation for our record-filing under the newly promulgated regulations of the marketplace lending industry. For more information on these regulations, see “Regulations — Regulations Related to the Marketplace Lending Industry.” To continue to utilize our relationship with existing creditors, whom we now refer to as our business partners, we have signed cooperation agreements with them pursuant to which these business partners will introduce their customers with financing needs to us in connection with their transactions with such customers. For more information on our new business model with our business partners, see “Business — Cooperation with Business Partners.”
All of the loans facilitated or assigned through our platform are secured or guaranteed and feature fixed interest rates. The interest rates, transaction fees and other charges are all clearly disclosed to the users of our platform.
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Our online platform provides investors with attractive returns with investment thresholds as low as RMB100 (approximately US$15.9). Investors have the option to individually select specific loans to invest in or to use our automated investing tool that identifies and selects loans on the basis of an investor targeted return and risk tolerance. We currently conduct our business operations exclusively in China, and all of our investors and borrowers are located in China.
We use a risk management system that draws on data accumulated from our borrower base, governmental and third party credit databases, and various big data sources. This system enables us to appropriately evaluate the risks associated with borrowers and offer quality loan investment opportunities to investors.
We generate revenues primarily from fees charged for our services in matching investors with borrowers and creditor partners. We charge borrowers and creditor partners transaction fees for the work we perform through our platform at the time of loan issuance. We charge our investors a service fee on their actual investment return.
Our management regularly reviews a number of metrics to evaluate our business, measure our performance, identify trends, formulate financial projections and make strategic decisions. The main metrics we consider, and results for each quarter since our acquisition of the Aihongsen platform are set forth in the table below.

​ | ​ | ​ | For the Three Months Ended | ​
​ | ​ | ​ | December 31, 2017 | ​ | ​ | September 30, 2017 | ​ | ​ | June 30, 2017 | ​ | ​ | March 31, 2017 | ​ | ​ | December 31, 2016 | ​
Loan Amount (Standard Loan) | ​ | ​ | ​ | $ | 10,776,692 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | $ | 12,142,615 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | $ | 5,834,087 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | $ | 2,493,794 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | $ | 4,005,092 | ​ | ​
Loan Amount (Assignment of Loan) | ​ | ​ | ​ | $ | 14,840,155 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | $ | 13,025,964 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | $ | 3,100,300 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 0 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 0 | ​ | ​
Number of Investors | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 271 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 329 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 381 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 329 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 359 | ​ | ​
Number of Borrowers | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 2,043 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 289 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 160 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 26 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 140 | ​ | ​
Average Investment Amount | ​ | ​ | ​ | $ | 94,527 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | $ | 76,500 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | $ | 23,450 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | $ | 7,580 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | $ | 11,156 | ​ | ​
Average Borrowing Amount | ​ | ​ | ​ | $ | 12,539 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | $ | 87,088 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | $ | 55,841 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | $ | 95,915 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | $ | 28,608 | ​ | ​
Transaction Fees from Borrowers | ​ | ​ | ​ | $ | 72,420 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | $ | 56,246 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | $ | 42,889 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | $ | 35,745 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | $ | 20,828 | ​ | ​
Transaction Fees from Creditor Partners | ​ | ​ | ​ | $ | 68,594 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | $ | 50,330 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | $ | 16,663 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | $ | — | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | $ | — | ​ | ​
Service Fees from Investors | ​ | ​ | ​ | $ | 11,524 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | $ | 10,592 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | $ | 6,240 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | $ | 7,945 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | $ | 8,719 | ​ | ​

The volume of standard loans for the three months ended March 31, 2017 was lower as compared with the three months ended December 31, 2016 and June 30, 2017, primarily due to the development, testing and integration of our platform with the system of Huaxing Bank as well as adjustment of loan product offerings from December 2016 to February 2017. Transaction volume gradually picked up in the following quarter. We started to facilitate assignment of loans from Creditor Partners in the quarter ended June 30, 2017. The volume of standard loans for the three months ended September 30, 2017 was higher as compared with the three months ended June 30, 2017, primarily due to increased SMEs borrowers who are permitted to borrow higher principals from the platform. The volume of standard loans for the three months ended December 31, 2017 decreased as compared with the three months ended September 30, 2017, which was mainly caused by increased percentage of individual borrowers who borrowed lower principals from the platform than SMEs did.
The significant increase in the number of borrowers for the three months ended December 31, 2017 as compared to the three months ended December 31, 2016 was mainly due to a trial launch of small consumer loans to individual borrowers in October 2017, which attracted large volume of individual borrowers. However, we suspended offering the new products after the trial due to the issues connecting to the systems of our partners who referred these borrowers.
We experienced a significant and continuing increase in the average investment amount for the three months ended September 30, 2017 and June 30, 2017 due to the completion of our custody arrangement with Huaxing Bank and adjustment of loan product offerings in the prior quarter. The average investment amount for the three months ended December 31, 2017 continued to increase due to
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increased borrowing demand from borrowers, as they generally have increased need for cash flows approaching the year end and the number of investors also decreased during this period.
On the average borrowing amount, the significant increase from the three months ended December 31, 2016 to the three months ended March 31, 2017 was primarily due to the increase in the percentage of SME loans in our product mix, which loans each typically has a much higher principal than loans to individual borrowers. The average borrowing amount decreased during the three months ended June 30, 2017 was attributable to the increase in the number of individual borrowers who generally borrow less on a per transaction basis. The significant increase from the three months ended June 30, 2017 to the three months ended September 30, 2017 was primarily due to the increase in the percentage of SME loans in our product mix and the increase in the percentage of assignment of loans whose average loan amount was higher than individual loans. The decrease in average borrowing amount from the three months ended September 30, 2017 to the three months ended December 31, 2017 was primarily due to increase in the percentage of individual borrowers who borrowed lower principals from the platform than SMEs did.
Based on the data above, we do not believe that our business operation or financial position is heavily reliant upon any borrower, investor or Creditor Partner. In terms of loan amount and the number of loans facilitated, there has not been any significant concentration on any borrower, investor, Creditor Partner or any group of borrowers, investors or Creditor Partners.
Acquisition of lending platform
On September 25, 2016, Sichuan Senmiao completed the acquisition of a peer-to-peer lending service business in Chengdu, Sichuan Province. We acquired, from Sichuan Cheng He Xin Investment Financing Information Consultation Co., Ltd., all of the right, title and interest in and to substantially all of the assets associates with the lending service business, including the lending platform (consisting of website, ICP license, operating systems, servers, and management system), all its users, relevant employees and computer equipment. Under the terms of the purchase agreement, the seller received an aggregate consideration of RMB 69,690,000 in cash (approximately $10.1 million). The cash consideration was fully funded by the paid-in capital of Sichuan Senmiao and was fully paid in March 2017.
We utilize a Relief from Royalty Method in arriving at the fair value of the platform of  $4,230,000. The Relief from Royalty Method is based on the proposition that a firm would be willing to pay a royalty in lieu of ownership, to possess the benefits of the platform. The platform was deemed to be a comprehensive system for providing online lending services, i.e., it could not be broken down into separable identifiable assets that on a standalone basis would have value to a market participant given the integrated nature of the marketplace.
We utilize a discounted cash flow method in arriving at the fair value of the user relationships of $395,000. Such an approach was deemed appropriate as the peer-to-peer lending business has existing recurring revenues from its customer base and is projecting continued revenues and net income going forward. Further, such an approach considers the value of the cash flows that will be available to Sichuan Senmiao from the existing investor base.
We have also considered whether the peer-to-peer lending business had any other intangible assets capable of separate valuation, in doing so we found that the platform had no trademarks, copyrights or advantageous leases that warranted separate valuation. The platform also had no unearned revenue or customer backlog as at the Valuation Date of September 25, 2016.
Please see Note 4 Acquisition of Lending Platform to our Consolidated Financial Statements for further discussion of the accounting for the acquisition.
Disposal of a subsidiary
During the year ended March 31, 2016, we intended to sell its 60% equity interest in Zhongyi Yinfeng Investment Management Co., Ltd. (“Zhongyi Yinfeng”), to an unrelated third party, for a cash consideration of RMB 60,000,000 (equivalent of approximately US$8.9 million). For disposal transactions that occur on or after April 1, 2015, a component of our company is reported in discontinued operations after meeting the criteria for held-for-sale classification if the disposition represents a strategic shift that has
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(or will have) a major effect on our operations and financial results. We analyzed the quantitative and qualitative factors relevant to the disposal of equity interest in Zhongyi Yinfeng and determined the transaction qualifed to be presented as discontinued operations as it met the criterion of 1) the disposed subsidiary is a component of an entity; 2) the subsidiary was disposed of by sale, and 3) the disposal represents a strategic shift that has a major effect on an entity’s operations and financial results going forward. As such, the financial results of Zhongyi Yinfeng are reported within discontinued operations in the consolidated financial statements. The consolidated financial statements and amounts previously reported have been reclassified, as necessary, to conform to this presentation in accordance with ASC 205, Presentation of Financial Statements to allow for meaningful comparison of continuing operations.
As of September 30, 2016, the date of completion of the disposal, the net asset of Zhongyi Yinfeng amounted to approximately $15.0 million and the non-controlling interest amounted to approximately $6.0 million. As a result, we recorded a loss of  $64,968 on the sale of Zhongyi Yinfeng.
Please see Note 5 Discontinued Operation to our Consolidated Financial Statements for further discussion of accounting for the disposal.
Recent Developments
On January 29, 2018, our board of directors and stockholders approved the Reverse Stock Split, which became effective on January 29, 2018. All share and per share value of the Company’s common stock for all periods presented in the registration statement of which this prospectus forms a part are retroactively restated for the effect of the Reverse Stock Split.
Key Factors Affecting Our Results of Operations
Our online platform was launched by Chenghexin in May 2014 and acquired by us in September 2016 and has a limited operating history. As our business develops or in response to competition, we may introduce new products or make adjustments to our existing products, or make adjustments to our business model. In connection with the introduction of new products or in response to general economic conditions, we may impose more stringent borrower or creditor qualifications to ensure the quality of loans on our platform, which may negatively affect the growth of our business. Any significant change to our business model may not achieve expected results and may have a material and adverse impact on our financial conditions and results of operations.
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To achieve and maintain the growth of our platform, we must continuously increase the volume of loan transactions by retaining current participants and attracting more users. We intend to continue to dedicate resources to our user acquisition efforts, including establishing new acquisition channels, particularly as we continue to grow our platform and introduce new products and services. We utilize online channels, such as search engine marketing, search engine optimization and partnerships with internet companies, as well as our on-the-ground sales network for user acquisition. If there are insufficient qualified requests for direct loans or loan assignments, investors may be unable to deploy their capital in a timely or efficient manner and may seek other investment opportunities. If there are insufficient investor commitments, borrowers may be unable to obtain capital through our platform and may turn to other sources for their borrowing needs. Below are key metrics for each quarter which reflecting our efforts in retaining current participants and attracting more users:

​ | ​ | ​ | For the Three Months Ended | ​
​ | ​ | ​ | December 31, 2017 | ​ | ​ | September 30, 2017 | ​ | ​ | June 30, 2017 | ​ | ​ | March 31, 2017 | ​ | ​ | December 31, 2016 | ​
Reinvestment of existing investors | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 225 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 252 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 73 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 235 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 353 | ​ | ​
Reinvestment rate of existing investors | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 87.51% | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 63.83% | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 57.21% | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 45.25% | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 49.58% | ​ | ​
Number of new investors | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 17 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 77 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 308 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 94 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 46 | ​ | ​
Total number of investors | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 271 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 329 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 381 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 329 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 359 | ​ | ​
Average loan amount of each investor | ​ | ​ | ​ | $ | 94,527 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | $ | 76,500 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | $ | 23,450 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | $ | 7,580 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | $ | 11,156 | ​ | ​
Average number of total loans held by each investor | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 17.24 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 8.31 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 6.00 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 6.95 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 6.37 | ​ | ​

Our platform connects Chinese investors with individual and small- to-medium-sized enterprise (“SME”) borrowers and creditors. The table below shows key metrics pertaining to each type of participants on our platform.

​ | ​ | ​ | For the Three Months Ended | ​
Applicable Metric | ​ | ​ | December 31, 2017 | ​ | ​ | September 30, 2017 | ​ | ​ | June 30, 2017 | ​ | ​ | March 31, 2017 | ​ | ​ | December 31, 2016 | ​
Re-Borrowing rate of existing borrowers | ​ | ​ | Individuals | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 0.05% | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 25% | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 29% | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 5% | ​ | ​
​ | SMEs | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 28% | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 50% | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 19% | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 0% | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 21% | ​ | ​
​ | Assigned loans | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 30% | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 52% | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 0% | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 0% | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 0% | ​ | ​
Number of new borrowers | ​ | ​ | Individuals | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 1,775 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 1 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 3 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 2 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 120 | ​ | ​
​ | SMEs | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 2 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 10 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 34 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 10 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 11 | ​ | ​
​ | Assigned loans | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 196 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 218 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 114 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 0 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 0 | ​ | ​
Total number of borrowers | ​ | ​ | Individuals | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 1,775 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 1 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 4 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 10 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 126 | ​ | ​
​ | SMEs | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 66 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 41 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 42 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 16 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 14 | ​ | ​
​ | Assigned loans | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 202 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 247 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 114 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 0 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 0 | ​ | ​
Average loan amount of each borrower | ​ | ​ | Individuals | ​ | ​ | ​ | $ | 534 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | $ | 1,417 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | $ | 19,311 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | $ | 21,774 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | $ | 15,525 | ​ | ​
​ | SMEs | ​ | ​ | ​ | $ | 148,930 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | $ | 296,127 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | $ | 134,215 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | $ | 145,157 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | $ | 146,321 | ​ | ​
​ | Assigned loans | ​ | ​ | ​ | $ | 73,466 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | $ | 52,737 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | $ | 27,196 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​
Total amount of loans | ​ | ​ | Individuals | ​ | ​ | ​ | $ | 947,315 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | $ | 1,417 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | $ | 77,244 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | $ | 171,285 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | $ | 1,956,601 | ​ | ​
​ | SMEs | ​ | ​ | ​ | $ | 9,829,377 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | $ | 12,141,198 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | $ | 5,756,843 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | $ | 2,322,509 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | $ | 2,048,491 | ​ | ​
​ | Assigned loans | ​ | ​ | ​ | $ | 14,840,155 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | $ | 13,025,964 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | $ | 3,100,300 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​

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Since our acquisition of the Aihongsen platform, percentage of loan approval averaged 98%.
Based on our management’s review of the above metrics, we believe that we do not overly rely on one type of borrowers/products for generating revenue. Assigned loans accounted for a large portion of our revenue since we launched the products but revenues generated from assigned loans will gradually be replaced by revenues generated from borrowers referred by our business partners due to recent change of our business model. Fees from SME loans are expected to constitute smaller percentage of our revenue mix in 2018 as we focus on facilitating loans with smaller principals to individual borrowers.
We started to facilitate assignment of loans from Creditor Partners in the quarter ended June 30, 2017. Assignment of loans accounted for 9.9% of the total number of loans we facilitated and 57.9% of the total loan amount for the three months ended December 31, 2017. Assignment of loans accounted for 22.6% of the total number of loans we facilitated and 51.9% of the total loan amount for the nine months ended December 31, 2017. As discussed above, we discontinued the offering of assigned loan products on our platform to facilitate our record-filing under Circular 57 and the Interim Measures from January 2018, and started facilitating loan transactions with borrowers referred by our business partners. We anticipate that the loan transactions with business partners will replace assigned loan business and continue to increase as we continue to grow.
Our online platform provides investors with attractive returns with investment thresholds as low as RMB100 (approximately US$15.9). Investors have the option to individually select specific loans to invest in or to use our automated investing tool that identifies and selects loans on the basis of an investor targeted return and term of the loans. From time to time, our management and shareholders have invested in loans through our platform using their personal funds and may continue to do so in the future. The table below summarizes key metrics pertaining to loans invested in by our management and shareholders.

Quarter ended | ​ | ​ | Number of Investment | ​ | ​ | Total Amount of Investment | ​ | ​ | Average Amount of Investment | ​
December 31, 2016 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 66 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | $ | 745,907 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | $ | 11,212 | ​ | ​
March 31, 2017 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 15 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | $ | 61,484 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | $ | 4,099 | ​ | ​
June 30, 2017 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 34 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | $ | 263,482 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | $ | 7,718 | ​ | ​
September 30, 2017 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 140 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | $ | 1,045,949 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | $ | 7,471 | ​ | ​
December 31, 2017 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 226 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | $ | 804,986 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | $ | 3,562 | ​ | ​

Each loan facilitated or assigned on our platform is guaranteed by unaffiliated third parties who are jointly and severally liable for the loan and/or secured by collateral provided by borrowers. None of the loans facilitated through our platform is guaranteed by an affiliate of the Company. To our knowledge, the unaffiliated third-party guarantors are not compensated for providing the guaranty to our borrowers. In the case of borrowers referred by our business partners, our business partners will provide the guaranty so that the borrowers can complete the transactions with them. In the case of direct borrowers, the guarantors are affiliates of the borrowers and have the incentive to facilitate the transactions for the benefits of the borrowers without being paid.
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The table below summarized loan amounts guaranteed by unaffiliated third parties for each quarter since we acquired the Aihongsen platform.

Quarter ended | ​ | ​ | Guarantee | ​ | ​ | Loan Amount | ​
December 31, 2016 | ​ | ​ | Unaffiliated Third Party Guarantee | ​ | ​ | ​ | $ | 4,004,799 | ​ | ​
March 31, 2017 | ​ | ​ | Unaffiliated Third Party Guarantee | ​ | ​ | ​ | $ | 152,415 | ​ | ​
June 30, 2017 | ​ | ​ | Unaffiliated Third Party Guarantee | ​ | ​ | ​ | $ | 5,762,961 | ​ | ​
September 30, 2017 | ​ | ​ | Unaffiliated Third Party Guarantee | ​ | ​ | ​ | $ | 12,141,198 | ​ | ​
December 31, 2017 | ​ | ​ | Unaffiliated Third Party Guarantee | ​ | ​ | ​ | $ | 26,436,523 | ​ | ​

The online marketplace lending industry in China is intensely competitive and evolving. We compete with a large number of online finance marketplaces. We also compete with financial products and companies that attract borrowers, investors or both.
We have adopted a sales and marketing strategy aimed at enhancing our profile in the marketplace lending industry and the credit industry as a whole. Our sales and marketing efforts have included event promotions, online marketing, user meetings and sales support. In addition, in order to increase our brand recognition among potential borrowers and investors, we have participated in industry or government organized forums and summits. Our recent borrower acquisition activities have primarily comprised of developing user base through our strategic alliance with Resgreen Group, a direct selling company based in Hunan, China, as well as identifying potential borrowers through online advertisement. Starting January 2018, we also began acquiring borrowers through our cooperation with business partners.
Our management reviews key metrics relating to acquisitions of investors and borrowers and adjust our investor and borrower acquisition strategies accordingly. The average acquisition costs for each quarter since our acquisition of the Aihongsen platform are set forth in the table below.

Quarter ended | ​ | ​ | Average Customer Acquisition Cost | ​
December 31, 2016 | ​ | ​ | ​ | $ | 13.90 | ​ | ​
March 31, 2017 | ​ | ​ | ​ | $ | 7.98 | ​ | ​
June 30, 2017 | ​ | ​ | ​ | $ | 3.79 | ​ | ​
September 30, 2017 | ​ | ​ | ​ | $ | 23.17 | ​ | ​
December 31, 2017 | ​ | ​ | ​ | $ | 17.76 | ​ | ​

As compared with the three months ended December 31, 2016, the average customer acquisition cost continuously decreased for the three months ended June 30, 2017 and March 31, 2017, which was primarily due to (i) the temporary suspension of marketing activities from December 2016 to February 2017 when we updated and integrated our system with Huaxing Bank; (ii) the implementation of our cost efficient user acquisition strategy through cooperation with Resgreen Group and (iii) a decrease in offline marketing expenses as a result of the Interim Measures. However, the average customer acquisition cost was higher during the three months ended December 31, 2017 and September 30, 2017, as we increased our marketing efforts in connection with further expansion of our borrower and investor base. We expect our average customer acquisition costs to increase in the next three months as we further increase our marketing efforts. We also plan to take advantage of increased publicity of our company as a result of becoming a public company upon closing of this offering. We also expect to work with well-known internet brands in China to further increase public awareness of our platform and services although there is no assurance that we will be able to implement these steps.
We believe that our current acquisition cost is below the average cost of the peer-to-peer lending industry in China. As we continue to grow our borrower and investor base, we anticipate such costs will increase, which may go above industry level if our customer acquisition strategy turns out to be inefficient under future market conditions.
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Our platform collects, stores and processes certain personal and other sensitive data from our borrowers and investors, which makes it an attractive target and potentially vulnerable to cyber-attacks, computer viruses, physical or electronic break-ins or similar disruptions.
For other factors affecting our results of operations, please refer to “Risk Factors.”
Results of Operations for the Three Months Ended December 31, 2017 Compared to the Three Months Ended December 31, 2016

​ | ​ | ​ | For the Three Months Ended December 31, | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | ​ | 2017 | ​ | ​ | 2016 | ​ | ​ | Change | ​
​ | ​ | ​ | (unaudited) | ​ | ​ | (unaudited) | ​ | ​
Revenues | ​ | ​ | ​ | $ | 152,538 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | $ | 29,779 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | $ | 122,759 | ​ | ​
Operating expenses | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Selling, general and administrative expenses | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | (288,620) | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | (41,987) | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | (246,633) | ​ | ​
Amortization of intangible assets | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | (165,206) | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | (161,646) | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | (3,560) | ​ | ​
Total operating expenses | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | (453,826) | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | (203,633) | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | (250,193) | ​ | ​
Loss from operations | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | (301,288) | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | (173,854) | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | (127,434) | ​ | ​
Other income | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Interest income | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 58 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 2 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 56 | ​ | ​
Other income, net | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 13 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 13 | ​ | ​
Total other income | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 71 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 2 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 69 | ​ | ​
Loss before income taxes | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | (301,217) | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | (173,852) | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | (127,365) | ​ | ​
Income tax expense | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​
Net Loss | ​ | ​ | ​ | $ | (301,217) | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | $ | (173,852) | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | $ | (127,365) | ​ | ​
​

Revenues
We generated revenues primarily from transaction fees from borrowers and Creditor Partners and service fees from investors by providing services in matching investors with borrowers on our platform. We charge borrowers and Creditor Partners transaction fees ranging from 0.30% to 2.98% of the loan amount for standard loans and from 0.32% to 0.94% for assigned loans, which fees are paid (i) upon disbursement of the proceeds for loans accruing interest on a monthly basis and (ii) upon full payment of principal and interest of loans accruing interest on a daily basis. During the three months ended December 31, 2017, all standard loans accrued interest on a monthly basis while all assigned loans accrued interest on a daily basis. As such, the fees for standard loans were paid upon disbursement of the loan proceeds while the fees for assignments of loans were paid upon full payment of principal and interest.
We charge our investors a service fee of 8.00% of their actual investment return and the service fee is paid when the investors receive their interest payment.
The following table sets forth the breakdown of revenues by revenue source for each period presented:

​ | ​ | ​ | For the Three Months Ended December 31, | ​
​ | ​ | ​ | 2017 | ​ | ​ | 2016 | ​
Revenue | ​ | ​ | ​ | $ | 152,538 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | $ | 29,779 | ​ | ​
Transaction fees from borrowers | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 72,420 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 20,992 | ​ | ​
Transaction fees from Creditor Partners | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 68,594 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​
Service fees from investors | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 11,524 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 8,787 | ​ | ​

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Since the Company started the transactions with borrowers on standard loans during the three months ended December 31, 2016 and started the transactions with Creditor Partners on assigned loans since April 2017, the Company witnessed a dramatic increase in revenues during the three months ended December 31, 2017 as compared with the same period ended December 31, 2016.
Transaction Fees from Borrowers
The transaction fees earned from borrowers are charged on the loan amounts, with rates ranging from 0.30% to 2.98%. The amount of transaction fees earned is determined by the term and amount of loan facilitated. We generally charge borrowers higher transaction fees for loans with longer terms and higher principals. During the three months ended December 31, 2017 and 2016, the transactions fees from borrowers averaged 0.67% and 0.52% of the total loan amounts, respectively. We expect the average transaction fee percentage to increase beginning the first quarter of fiscal 2018 as we will focus on offering and promoting loan products with terms of 12 to 36 months, for which we will charge higher transaction fees as compared with shorter-term loans
Transaction fees from borrowers accounted for 47.5% and 70.5% of our total revenue for the three months ended December 31, 2017 and 2016, respectively. The decrease in percentage due to the additional revenue the Company generated through loan assignments since the three months ended June 30, 2017. Due to the discontinuation of loan assignments, we expect that both our transaction fees earned from borrowers and transaction fees earned from borrowers as a percentage of total revenue will increase in the next 12 months as we further grow the number of borrowers through cooperation with our business partners and introduction of new loan products and services on our platform.
Transaction Fees from Creditor Partners
The Company started transactions with Creditor Partners for assigned loan since the three months ended June 30, 2017.
The transaction fees earned from Creditor Partners are charged on the assigned loan amounts, ranging from 0.32% to 0.94% of the assigned loan amounts. The amount of transaction fees earned is determined by the term and total amount of loans assigned. We generally charge Creditor Partners higher transaction fees for loans with longer terms and higher principals. During the three months ended December 31, 2017, the transactions fees from Creditor Partners averaged 0.46% of the total loan amounts. Transaction fees from Creditor Partners accounted for 45.0% of our total revenue for the three months ended December 31, 2017.
Service Fees from Investors
Service fee charged to investors is equal to 8.00% of the interest that investors receive, and is paid at the time of each interest payment. Service fees from investors accounted for 7.6% and 29.5% of our total revenue for the three months ended December 31, 2017 and 2016, respectively. The decrease in percentage is mainly due to the additional revenue the Company generated through loan assignments which started during the three months ended June 30, 2017. We may adjust the interest rates on the loan products based on market rates from time to time, which will likely affect the service fee we receive from investors. However, in light of our business expansion, we generally expect service fees from investors to increase in the next 12 months.
Selling, general and administrative expenses
General and administrative expenses primarily consisted of salary and employee surcharge, office rental expense, travel expenses, and platform maintenance cost. General and administrative expenses increased from $41,987 for the three months ended December 31, 2016 to $288,620 for the three months ended December 31, 2017, representing an increase of  $246,633. The increase consisted of an increase of salary and employee surcharge of  $160,309, and an increase of rental expenses of  $33,080 which were due to inception dates of rental agreements were January 1, 2017. For the three months ended December 31, 2017, the Company incurred cost of  $16,080 relating to verification and credit assessment of customers, consisting of salary and employee surcharge of  $14,262 and other expenses of  $1,818. For the three months
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ended December 31, 2016, the Company incurred cost of  $1,234 relating to verification and credit assessment of customers, consisting of salary and employee surcharge of  $724 and other expenses of  $510.
Net loss
As a result of the foregoing, net loss for the three months ended December 31, 2017 was $301,217, representing an increase of  $127,365 from net loss of  $173,852 for the three months ended December 31, 2016.
Results of Operations for the Nine Months Ended December 31, 2017 Compared to the Nine Months Ended December 31, 2016

​ | ​ | ​ | For the Nine Months Ended December 31, | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | ​ | 2017 | ​ | ​ | 2016 | ​ | ​ | Change | ​
​ | ​ | ​ | (unaudited) | ​ | ​ | (unaudited) | ​ | ​
Revenues | ​ | ​ | ​ | $ | 335,498 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | $ | 29,779 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | $ | 305,719 | ​ | ​
Operating expenses | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Selling, general and administrative expenses | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | (960,349) | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | (53,697) | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | (906,652) | ​ | ​
Amortization of intangible assets | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | (488,210) | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | (161,646) | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | (326,564) | ​ | ​
Total operating expenses | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | (1,448,559) | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | (215,343) | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | (1,233,216) | ​ | ​
Loss from operations | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | (1,113,061) | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | (185,564) | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | (927,497) | ​ | ​
Other income | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Interest income | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 210 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 3 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 207 | ​ | ​
Other income, net | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 1,711 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 1,711 | ​ | ​
Total other income | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 1,921 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 3 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 1,918 | ​ | ​
Loss before income taxes | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | (1,111,140) | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | (185,561) | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | (925,579) | ​ | ​
Income tax expense | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​
Net loss from continuing operations | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | (1,111,140) | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | (185,561) | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | (925,579) | ​ | ​
Net loss from discontinued operations | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | (86,876) | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 86,876 | ​ | ​
Net Loss | ​ | ​ | ​ | $ | (1,111,140) | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | $ | (272,437) | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | $ | (838,703) | ​ | ​
​

Revenues
We generated revenues primarily from transaction fees from borrowers and Creditor Partners and service fees from investors by providing services in matching investors with borrowers on our platform. We charge borrowers and Creditor Partners transaction fees ranging from 0.30% to 2.98% of the loan amount for standard loans and from 0.32% to 0.94% for assigned loans, which fees are paid (i) upon disbursement of the proceeds for loans accruing interest on a monthly basis and (ii) upon full payment of principal and interest of loans accruing interest on a daily basis. During the nine months ended December 31, 2017, all standard loans accrued interest on a monthly basis while all assigned loans accrued interest on a daily basis. As such, the fees for standard loans were paid upon disbursement of the loan proceeds while the fees for assignments of loans were paid upon full payment of principal and interest.
We charge our investors a service fee of 8.00% of their actual investment return and the service fee is paid when the investors receive their interest payment.
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The following table sets forth the breakdown of revenues by revenue source for each period presented:

​ | ​ | ​ | For the Nine Months Ended December 31, | ​
​ | ​ | ​ | 2017 | ​ | ​ | 2016 | ​
Revenue | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 335,498 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 29,779 | ​ | ​
Transaction fees from borrowers | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 171,556 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 20,992 | ​ | ​
Transaction fees from Creditor Partners | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 135,586 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​
Service fees from investors | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 28,356 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 8,787 | ​ | ​

Since the Company started the transactions with borrowers on standard loans during the nine months ended December 31, 2016 and started the transactions with Creditor Partners on assigned loans since April 2017, the Company witnessed a dramatic increase in revenues during the nine months ended December 31, 2017 as compared with the same period ended December 31, 2016.
Transaction Fees from Borrowers
The transaction fees earned from borrowers are charged on the loan amounts, with rates ranging from 0.30% to 2.98%. The amount of transaction fees earned is determined by the term and amount of loan facilitated. We generally charge borrowers higher transaction fees for loans with longer terms and higher principals. During the nine months ended December 31, 2017 and 2016, the transactions fees from borrowers averaged 0.60% and 0.52% of the total loan amounts, respectively.
Transaction fees from borrowers accounted for 51.1% and 70.5% of our total revenue for the nine months ended December 31, 2017 and 2016, respectively. The decreased percentage was due to the additional revenue the Company generated through loan assignments since the three months ended June 30, 2017. Due to the discontinuation of loan assignments, we expect that both our transaction fees earned from borrowers and transaction fees earned from borrowers as a percentage of total revenue will increase in the next 12 months as we further grow the number of borrowers through cooperation with our business partners and introduction of new loan products and services on our platform.
Transaction Fees from Creditor Partners
The Company started transactions with Creditor Partners for assigned loan since the three months ended June 30, 2017.
The transaction fees earned from Creditor Partners are charged on the total assigned loan amounts, ranging from 0.32% to 0.94%. The amount of transaction fees earned is determined by the term and total amount of loans assigned. We generally charge Creditor Partners higher transaction fees for loans with longer terms and higher principals. During the nine months ended December 31, 2017, the transactions fees from Creditor Partners averaged 0.44% of the total loan amounts. Transaction fees from Creditor Partners accounted for 40.4% of our total revenue for the nine months ended December 31, 2017.
Service Fees from Investors
Service fee charged to investors is equal to 8.00% of the interest that investors receive, and is paid at the time of each interest payment. Service fees from investors accounted for 8.5% and 29.5% of our total revenue for the nine months ended December 31, 2017 and 2016, respectively. The decreased percentage was due to the additional revenue the Company generated through loan assignments since the three months ended June 30, 2017. We may adjust the interest rates on the loan products based on market rates from time to time, which will likely affect the service fee we receive from investors. However, in light of our business expansion, we generally expect service fees from investors to increase in the next 12 months.
Selling, general and administrative expenses
General and administrative expenses primarily consisted of salary and employee surcharge, office rental expense, travel expenses, and platform maintenance cost. General and administrative expenses increased from $53,697 for the nine months ended December 31, 2016 to $960,349 for the nine months ended December 31, 2017, representing an increase of  $906,652. The increase mainly consisted of an
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increase of salary and employee surcharge of  $461,822, an increase of rental expenses of  $92,515, an increase of promotional conference expense of  $43,260, and an increase of consulting expenses of  $99,550 for issuance of common stock for the professional services provided as compared with nine months ended December 31, 2016 as the Company just started its business operations in October 2017. For the nine months ended December 31, 2017, the Company incurred cost of  $41,007 relating to verification and credit assessment of customers, consisting of salary and employee surcharge of  $37,268 and other expenses of $3,739. For the nine months ended December 31, 2016, the Company incurred cost of  $1,234 relating to verification and credit assessment of customers, consisting of salary and employee surcharge of  $724 and other expenses of  $510.
Amortization of intangible assets
Intangible amortization for the nine months ended December 31, 2017 increased by $326,564 as compared with $161,646 for the nine months ended December 31, 2016. The increase was attributable to the amortization of intangible assets arising from the acquisition of our platform in October 2016.
Net loss
As a result of the foregoing, net loss for the nine months ended December 31, 2017 was $1,111,140, representing an increase of  $838,703 from net loss of  $272,437 for the nine months ended December 31, 2016.
Results of Operations for the Year Ended March 31, 2017 Compared to the Year Ended March 31, 2016

​ | ​ | ​ | For the Years Ended March 31, | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | ​ | 2017 | ​ | ​ | 2016 | ​ | ​ | Change | ​
Revenues | ​ | ​ | ​ | $ | 73,237 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | $ | — | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 73,237 | ​ | ​
Operating expenses | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Selling, general and administrative expenses | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | (258,772) | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | (18,724) | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | (240,048) | ​ | ​
Amortization of intangible assets | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | (324,710) | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | (324,710) | ​ | ​
Total operating expenses | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | (583,482) | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | (18,724) | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | (564,758) | ​ | ​
Loss from operations | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | (510,245) | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | (18,724) | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | (491,521) | ​ | ​
Other income | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Interest income | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 30 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 1 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 29 | ​ | ​
Other income, net | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 446 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 446 | ​ | ​
Total other income | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 476 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 1 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 475 | ​ | ​
Loss before income taxes | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | (509,769) | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | (18,723) | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | (491,046) | ​ | ​
Income tax expense | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​
Net loss from continuing operations | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | (509,769) | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | (18,723) | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | (491,046) | ​ | ​
Net (loss)/income from discontinued operations | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | (86,876) | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 4,449 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | (91,325) | ​ | ​
Net Loss | ​ | ​ | ​ | $ | (596,645) | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | $ | (14,274) | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | (582,371) | ​ | ​
​

Revenues
We generated revenues primarily from transaction fees from borrowers and service fees from investors by providing services in matching investors with borrowers on our platform. We charge borrowers transaction fees ranging from 0.30% to 2.98% of the loan amount for standard loans and from 0.32% to 0.94% for assigned loans, which fees are paid (i) upon disbursement of the proceeds for loans accruing interest on a monthly basis and (ii) upon full payment of principal and interest of loans accruing interest on a daily basis. During the year ended March 31, 2017, all our loans accrued interest on a monthly basis and our fees were paid upon disbursement of the loan proceeds.
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We charge our investors a service fee of 8.00% of their actual investment return and the service fee is paid when the investors receive their interest payment.
The following table sets forth the breakdown of revenues by revenue source for each period presented:

​ | ​ | ​ | For the Years Ended March 31, | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | ​ | 2017 | ​ | ​ | 2016 | ​ | ​ | ​
Revenue | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 73,237 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Transaction fees from borrowers | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 56,573 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Service fees from investors | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 16,664 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​

Year Ended March 31, 2017
Transaction Fees from Borrowers
The transaction fees earned from borrowers are charged on the total loan amounts. The amount of transaction fees earned is determined by the term and amount of loan facilitated. We generally charge borrowers higher transaction fees for loans with longer terms and higher principals. During the year ended March 31, 2017, the transactions fees from Borrowers averaged 0.89% of the total loan amounts. We expect the average transaction fee percentage to increase for the year ending March 31, 2018 as we will focus on offering and promoting loan products with terms of 12 to 36 months for which we will charge higher transaction fees as compared with shorter- term loans.
Transaction fees from borrowers accounted for 77.2% of our total revenue for the year ended March 31, 2017. We expect that both our transaction fees earned from borrowers and transaction fees earned from borrowers as a percentage of total revenue will increase in the next 12 months as we further grow the number of borrowers through introduction of new loan products and services on our platform.
Service Fees from Investors
Service fee charged to investors is equal to 8.00% of the interest that investors receive, and is paid at the time of each interest payment.
Service fees from investors accounted for 22.8% of our total revenue for the year ended March 31, 2017. We expect that service fees will increase in the next 12 months as our business further grows while service fees earned as a percentage of total revenues will decrease as we expect higher increase rate in transaction fees earned from both borrowers and Creditor Partners.
The following table sets forth the breakdown of revenues by revenue source for each quarter during the year ended March 31, 2017:

​ | ​ | ​ | For the three months ended | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | ​ | March 31, 2017 | ​ | ​ | December 31, 2016 | ​ | ​ | September 30 and June 30, 2016 | ​ | ​ | For the year ended March 31, 2017 | ​
​ | ​ | ​ | (unaudited) | ​ | ​ | (unaudited) | ​ | ​ | (unaudited) | ​ | ​ | (unaudited) | ​
Revenue | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 43,690 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 29,547 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 73,237 | ​ | ​
Transaction fees from borrowers | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 35,745 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 20,828 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 56,573 | ​ | ​
Service fees from investors | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 7,945 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 8,719 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 16,664 | ​ | ​

Transaction Fees from Borrowers
Despite the decrease in loan volume, transaction fees earned from borrowers increased by $14,917 or 71.6% from $20,828 for the three months ended December 31, 2016 to $35,745 for the three months ended March 31, 2017, primarily due to (i) the increase of percentage of SME loans in our product mix from 51.1% for the three months ended December 31, 2016 to 93.1% for the three months ended March 31, 2017, which loans have much higher principals than loans to individual borrowers; and (ii) the increase in the number of loans that accrued interest on a monthly basis for which we were able to recognize revenue upon disbursement of loan proceeds.
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Transaction fees from borrowers accounted for 81.8% and 70.5% of our total revenue for the three months ended March 31, 2017 and December 31, 2016, respectively.
Service Fees from Investors
Service fees earned from investors decreased by $774 or 8.9% from $8,719 for the three months ended December 31, 2016 to $7,945 for the three months ended March 31, 2017, primarily attributable to net effects of a decrease of loan volume by $1.5 million or 37.7% as a result of our development, testing and integration of our platform with the system of Huaxing Bank as well as adjustment of loan product offerings from December 2016 to February 2017, and a decrease in investment return to investors due to lower interest rated during the three months ended March 31, 2017.
Service fees accounted for 18.2% and 29.5% of our total revenue for the three months ended March 31, 2017 and December 31, 2016, respectively.
Year Ended March 31, 2016
We did not generate any service fees for the year ended March 31, 2016 as we did not have any operations other than holding an equity interest in an equity investment fund management company during the period.
Selling, general and administrative expenses
Selling, general and administrative expenses primarily consisted of salary and employee surcharge, office rental expense, travel expenses, and platform maintenance cost. General and administrative expenses increased from $18,724 for the year ended March 31, 2016 to $258,772 for the year ended March 31, 2017, representing an increase of  $240,048. The increase was mainly attributable to the operation of our platform after the acquisition of our platform, leading to an increase of salary and employee surcharge of  $122,166, increase of rental expenses of  $28,359, increase of travel expense of  $19,108 and an increase in platform maintenance cost of  $23,774 as compared with fiscal 2016 when we were solely a holding company with no revenue generating activities. For the year ended March 31, 2017, the Company incurred cost of  $12,091 relating to verification and credit assessment of customers, consisting of salary and employee surcharge of $6,891 and legal and consulting expenses of  $5,200.
Amortization of intangible assets
Intangible amortization for the year ended March 31, 2017 increased by $324,710 as compared with nil for the year ended March 31, 2016. The increase was attributable to the six month amortization of intangible assets arising from the acquisition of our platform.
Net loss
As a result of the foregoing, net loss for the year ended March 31, 2017 was $596,645 representing an increase of  $582,371 from net loss of  $14,274 for the year ended March 31, 2016.
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Liquidity and Capital Resources
To date, we have financed our operations primarily through shareholder capital contributions, shareholder loans, and cash flow from operations. As a result of our total cash activities, we had cash and cash equivalents of  $85,202 and $161,292 as of December 31, 2017 and March 31, 2017 as compared to $165 as of March 31, 2016. We primarily hold our excess unrestricted cash in short-term interest-bearing bank accounts at financial institutions. In December 2017, the Company entered into loan agreements with its stockholders, Xiang Hu and Jun Wang, providing the Company with access to a line of credit totaling $922,700 and $153,700, respectively, for a period of five years. The line of credit was not interest-bearing, and effective from January 2017. With the proceeds from this offering, access to the stockholder loans and anticipated cash flows from operating activities, we believe that our cash position is sufficient to meet our liquidity needs for at least the next 12 months.

​ | ​ | ​ | For the Nine Months Ended December 31, | ​
​ | ​ | ​ | 2017 | ​ | ​ | 2016 | ​
​ | ​ | ​ | (unaudited) | ​ | ​ | (unaudited) | ​
Net Cash (Used in)/Provided by Operating Activities | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | (417,645) | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 8,638 | ​ | ​
Net Cash Used in Investing Activities | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | (412) | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | (93,955) | ​ | ​
Net Cash Provided by Financing Activities | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 335,092 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​
Effect of Exchange Rate Changes on Cash | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 6,875 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 85,369 | ​ | ​
Cash and cash equivalents at Beginning of Period | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 161,292 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 165 | ​ | ​
Cash and cash equivalents at End of Period | ​ | ​ | ​ | $ | 85,202 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | $ | 217 | ​ | ​
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​ | ​ | ​ | For the years ended March 31, | ​
​ | ​ | ​ | 2017 | ​ | ​ | 2016 | ​
Net Cash Provided by Operating Activities | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 1,324,449 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | (241) | ​ | ​
Net Cash Used in Investing Activities | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | (1,246,018) | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​
Net Cash Provided by Financing Activities | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 341,736 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​
Effect of Exchange Rate Changes on Cash | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | (259,040) | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | (17) | ​ | ​
Cash and cash equivalents at Beginning of Year | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 165 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 423 | ​ | ​
Cash and cash equivalents at End of Year | ​ | ​ | ​ | $ | 161,292 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | $ | 165 | ​ | ​
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Cash Flow in Operating Activities
For the nine months ended December 31, 2017, net cash used in operating activities was $417,645, as compared to net cash provided by operating activities of  $8,638 for the nine months ended December 31, 2017, representing a change of  $306,390. Netting off against the increase in net loss of  $838,703, the change in net cash used in operating activities primarily resulted from the increase in amortization expenses of $326,564 arising from intangible assets acquired in our acquisition of the platform, and an increase in consulting expenses for shares issued to consultants at fair value of  $99,550.
For the year ended March 31, 2017, net cash provided by operating activities was $1,324,449, as compared to net cash used in operating activities of  $241 for the year ended March 31, 2016, representing a change of  $1,324,690. Netting off against the increase in net loss of  $582,371, the change in net cash provided by operating activities primarily resulted from collection of receivables from a third party of $1,485,806 and the increase in amortization expenses of  $324,710 arising from intangible assets acquired in our acquisition of the platform.
Cash Flow in Investing Activities
We had net cash used in investing activities of  $412 for the nine months ended December 31, 2017, resulting from purchase of property and equipment. We had net cash used in investing activities of  $93,955 for the nine months ended December 31, 2016 mainly as a result of proceeds from disposal of a subsidiary of  $8,914,833 offset by the purchase of the platform of  $8,984,828.
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We had net cash used in investing activities of  $1,246,018 for the year ended March 31, 2017, which primarily consisted of the payment of  $10,099,444 for the acquisition of our platform, partially offset by the proceeds from disposal of a subsidiary of 8,914,833.
Cash Flow in Financing Activities
For the nine months ended December 31, 2017, the net cash provided by financing activities was mainly the proceeds from shareholder loans.
For the year ended March 31, 2017, the net cash provided by financing activities was mainly the proceeds borrowed from shareholders.
Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements
The Company does not have any off-balance sheet arrangements that have or are reasonably likely to have a current or future effect on its financial condition, revenues or expenses, results of operations, liquidity, capital expenditures or capital resources that are material to investors.
Inflation
We do not believe our business and operations have been materially affected by inflation.
Critical Accounting Policies
Please refer to Note 2 of our Consolidated Financial Statements included in this prospectus for details of our critical accounting policies.
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BUSINESS
Overview
We are an online lending platform in China connecting Chinese investors with individual and small-to-medium-sized enterprise (“SME”) borrowers and creditors. Through our platform, we offer quick and easy access to credit to borrowers and creditors and attractive investment returns for investors. Since the acquisition of our platform in September 2016, which is more fully described below, through December 31, 2017, we have facilitated direct loans and assignment of loans with an aggregate of principal of over RMB427 million (approximately US$67.8 million). Following this offering, our audit committee must review and approve any related person transaction we propose to enter into. Our audit committee charter details the policies and procedures relating to transactions that may present actual, potential or perceived conflicts of interest and may raise questions as to whether such transactions are consistent with the best interest of our company and our stockholders. As of December 31, 2017, we had a total of 3,364 investors, 1,936 borrowers and two creditor partners had participated in loan transactions through our platform. We currently conduct our business operations exclusively in China, and all of our investors and borrowers are located in China.
Our online platform enables us to efficiently match borrowers and creditors with investors and execute loan transactions. We seek to address an unmet investor and borrower demand in China. While presently our borrowers mainly come from referrals from our business partners, our investors come from a variety of channels, including online sources, such as the internet and our mobile applications, as well as offline sources, such as promotion through our own business development department as well as referrals from our business partners.
As of December 31, 2017, we had an aggregate of 39,364 registered users. We interact with registered users of our platform on a regular basis. We post articles of third parties related to investment and wealth management on our platform for our registered users. Information in these materials may potentially be used by registered users on our platform for their investment decisions, including investment in loans posted on our platform. All registered users of our platform have access to loans posted on our platform and can forward the loan posting to individuals in their network. Any of these users and their connections can invest in loans posted on our website if they are willing to.
Historically, we offered two types of products: standard loans and assignment of loans, providing qualified borrowers with convenient access to affordable credit at competitive prices and creditors with a fast and cost-efficient way to assign their existing loans for more liquidity. Starting in January 2018, we no longer offer the loan assignment services to creditors in preparation for our record-filing under the newly promulgated regulations of the marketplace lending industry. For more information on these regulations, see “Regulations — Regulations Related to the Marketplace Lending Industry.” To continue to utilize our relationship with existing creditors, whom we now refer to as our business partners, we have signed cooperation agreements with them pursuant to which these business partners will introduce their customers with financing needs to us in connection with their transactions with such customers. For more information on our new business model with our business partners, see “— Cooperation with Business Partners.”
Our online platform provides investors with attractive returns with investment thresholds as low as RMB100 (approximately US$15.9). Investors have the option to individually select specific loans to invest in or to use our automated investing tool that identifies and selects loans on the basis of an investor targeted return and risk tolerance.
We use a risk management system that draws on data accumulated from our borrower base, governmental and third party credit databases, and various big data sources. This system enables us to appropriately evaluate the risks associated with borrowers and offer quality loan investment opportunities to investors.
We generate revenues primarily from fees charged for our services in matching investors with borrowers and creditors. We charge borrowers and creditors transaction fees based on the loan amounts for services provided through our platform in facilitating loan transactions. Our transaction fees range from 0.30% to 2.98% of the loan amount for standard loans and from 0.32% to 0.94% for assigned loans. The fees charged on borrowers and creditors are paid (i) upon disbursement of the proceeds for loans accruing interest on a
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monthly basis and (ii) upon full payment of principal and interest of loans accruing interest on a daily basis. We also charge our investors a service fee of 8.00% of their actual investment return and the service fee is paid when the investors receive their interest payment.
Our Corporate History and Structure
We were incorporated in the State of Nevada on June 8, 2017. We have established a wholly owned subsidiary, Sichuan Senmiao Zecheng Business Consulting Co., Ltd. (“WFOE,” or “Senmiao Consulting”) in China. We anticipate that substantially all of our business activities will be undertaken by WFOE and a variety interest entity (“VIE”), Sichuan Senmiao Ronglian Technology Co., Ltd. (“Sichuan Senmiao”) in China. As of the date of this prospectus, the WFOE only provides services to Sichuan Senmiao, our VIE entity, pursuant to our VIE agreements. We anticipate that the WFOE will conduct a major portion of our research and development and marketing activities after the closing of this offering.
Sichuan Senmiao was established in China in June 2014. The equity interest of Sichuan Senmiao is owned by 9 individuals in the PRC (see the corporate structure diagram below for details). However, the purchase price for certain equity interest of Sichuan Senmiao has not been paid in full by the current owners to former owners, which will entitle the former owners to cancel the corresponding equity interest transfer agreements and have the equity interest transferred back to them if the purchase price is not paid in full by March 31, 2018. The total purchase price to be paid by March 31, 2018 is RMB 58.95 million (approximately US$9.36 million). We have entered into a series of contractual arrangements with Sichuan Senmiao and each of its equity holders through WFOE to obtain control and become the primary beneficiary of Sichuan Senmiao. The contractual arrangements have been in place since the establishment of WFOE (the “Restructuring”).
On September 25, 2016, Sichuan Senmiao acquired a peer-to-peer platform (including website, ICP registration, operating systems, servers, management system, employees and users) from Sichuan Chenghexin Investment and Asset Management Co., Ltd. (“Chenghexin”), who had established and operated the platform for two years prior to our acquisition (the “Acquisition”), for an initial payment of RMB 60 million (approximately US$8.9 million) with the remaining payment to be confirmed upon completion of an appraisal of the platform. On March 26, 2017, the parties signed a supplement agreement to the purchase agreement whereby they confirmed the remaining payment based on the appraisal report. We paid a total cash consideration of RMB69,690,000 (approximately US$10.1 million) for the platform.
Prior to the Acquisition, Sichuan Senmiao was a holding company that owned a 60% equity interest in an equity investment fund management company. Sichuan Senmiao sold its 60% equity interest for a cash consideration of RMB 60,000,000 (approximately US$8.9 million) immediately following the Acquisition, in order to focus on the online marketplace lending business.
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The following diagram illustrates our corporate structure, including our subsidiary and consolidated variable interest entity as of the date of this prospectus:
Contractual Arrangements with Sichuan Senmiao
Due to PRC legal restrictions on foreign ownership and investment in value-added telecommunications services, and internet content provision services in particular, we currently conduct these activities through Sichuan Senmiao, which we effectively control through a series of contractual arrangements as follows:
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Equity Interest Pledge Agreement. The WFOE, Sichuan Senmiao and all of the Sichuan Senmiao equity holders (“Sichuan Senmiao Shareholders”) entered into an Equity Interest Pledge Agreement, pursuant to which Sichuan Senmiao Shareholders pledged all of their equity interest in Sichuan Senmiao to WFOE in order to guarantee the performance of Sichuan Senmiao’s obligations under the Exclusive Business Cooperation Agreement as described below. During the term of the pledge, WFOE is entitled to receiving any dividends declared on the pledged equity interest of Sichuan Senmiao. The Equity Interest Pledge Agreement ends when all contractual obligations under the Exclusive Business Cooperation Agreement have been fully performed.
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Exclusive Business Cooperation Agreement. Pursuant to an Exclusive Business Cooperation Agreement by and among the Company, WFOE, Sichuan Senmiao and each of the Sichuan Senmiao Shareholders, WFOE will provide Sichuan Senmiao with complete technical support, business support and related consulting services during the term of the agreement. The Sichuan Senmiao Shareholders and Sichuan Senmiao have agreed not to engage any other party for the same or similar consultation services without WFOE’s prior consent. Further, Sichuan Senmiao Shareholders are entitled to receive an aggregate of 20,250,000 shares of common stock of the Company under the Exclusive Business Cooperation Agreement. The term of the Exclusive Business Cooperation Agreement is 10 years. The WFOE may terminate the Exclusive Business Operation Agreement at any time upon prior written notice to Sichuan Senmiao and the Sichuan Senmiao Shareholders.
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Exclusive Option Agreement. Pursuant to an Exclusive Option Agreement by and among the WFOE, Sichuan Senmiao and each of the Sichuan Senmiao Shareholders, the Sichuan Senmiao Shareholders have granted WFOE an exclusive option to purchase at any time in part or in whole their equity interests in Sichuan Senmiao for a purchase price equal to the capital paid by the Senmiao Shareholders, pro-rated for purchase of less than all the equity interest. The Exclusive Option Agreement terminates in ten years but can be renewed by WOFE at its discretion.
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Powers of Attorney. Each of the Sichuan Senmiao Shareholders has entered into a power of attorney (the “Power of Attorney”) pursuant to which each of the Sichuan Senmiao Shareholders has authorized the WFOE to act on his or her behalf as the exclusive agent and attorney with respect to all rights of such individual as a shareholder, including but not limited to: (a) attending shareholders’ meetings; (b) exercising all the shareholder’s rights, including voting, that shareholders are entitled to under PRC law and the Articles of Association of Sichuan Senmiao, including but not limited to the sale or transfer or pledge or disposition of the equity interests of Sichuan Senmiao owned by such shareholder; and (c) designating and appointing on behalf of the shareholders the legal representative, chairperson, director, supervisor, chief executive officer and other senior management members of Sichuan Senmiao. The Power of Attorney has the same term of the Exclusive Option Agreement.
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Timely Report Agreement. The Company and Sichuan Senmiao entered into a timely report agreement pursuant to which Sichuan Senmiao agrees to make its officers and directors available to the Company and promptly provide all information required by the Company so that the Company can make necessary SEC and other regulatory reports in a timely fashion.
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Our Industry
Consumption in China is growing rapidly but remains underfinanced, suggesting significant growth potential for China’s consumer finance market.
Consumption in China has experienced rapid growth as a result of China’s economic development and rising consumption power among Chinese consumers. According to the World Bank, China’s GDP increased from US$7.6 trillion in 2011 to US$10.1 trillion in 2015, while annual per capita disposable income increased from US$5,634 in 2011 to US$8,069 in 2015. Consumption has increasingly become an important driver of China’s GDP growth, with the ratio of final consumption to GDP reaching 51.1% in 2015, according to the National Bureau of Statistics of China. “Final consumption” is the total expenditure of residents on the consumption of goods and services in a certain period, namely the expenditure of residents for purchases of goods and services from the domestic economic territory and abroad to meet the requirements of their daily life, and excludes the expenditure of non-residents on consumption in the economic territory of the country. While China’s ratio of final consumption to GDP in 2015 was 51.1%, it was still relatively low compared to the corresponding figure for the U.S. in the same period, which was 82.5% according to the World Bank, suggesting tremendous future potential. We believe the United States, which is characterized by high levels of consumption and high consumption loan balance to GDP ratios, provides a good proxy for the way China may develop given the growth of China’s economy, China’s large and expanding consumer base and the Chinese government’s policies to encourage consumption. As consumption in China continues to rise, we believe China’s consumer finance market will develop to address unmet consumer demand.
China’s Consumer Finance Market
Despite growing consumption levels, consumption in China is underfinanced primarily because loans from traditional financial institutions are not easily accessible. For example, to obtain a bank loan, a potential borrower needs to physically go to a bank branch. However, most bank branches offering consumption loans are located only in tier 1 and tier 2 cities such as Beijing, Shanghai and Guangzhou. In addition, the application process for a bank loan is complex and time-consuming. The perceived ineffectiveness of traditional financial institutions at serving the consumer finance market potentially suggests business opportunities for alternative credit providers. According to iResearch Consulting Group, a market research and marking company in China (“iResearch”), China’s consumption loan exceeded RMB22 trillion (approximately US$3.5 trillion) in 2016 and is expected to further grow to RMB 40.1 trillion (approximately US$6.4 trillion) by 2020. The development of new financial services and products will be one of the key growth drivers.
The consumer finance market consists of secured consumption loans such as car loans and home mortgages, and unsecured consumption loans such as credit cards and other unsecured loans from banks and consumer financing companies. China’s credit balance in 2015 was RMB93.6 trillion (approximately US$14.9 trillion), representing an increase of 14.9% from the prior year. Unsecured consumption loans are
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expected to exhibit relatively stronger growth. According to a report issued by iResearch, China’s consumption loan balance had reached RMB19 trillion (approximately US$3.0 trillion) by the end of 2015, and is expected to reach RMB41.1trillion (approximately US$6.5 trillion) by the end of 2019. Key drivers behind the expected growth in China’s unsecured consumer finance market include the penetration of consumer finance into more consumption categories, the continued development of a nationwide personal credit information database, which improves the ability of lenders to evaluate potential borrower risk, and credit providers’ increasing awareness of the business opportunity in the sector.
Opportunities for Marketplaces Connecting Borrowers and Investors
We believe China’s rapidly growing consumption levels and relatively limited consumer finance options have created opportunities for marketplaces that connect borrowers and investors. According to iResearch, transaction values for marketplaces that focus on consumption loans, or consumer finance marketplaces, are expected to grow from RMB436.7 billion (approximately US$69.3 billion) in 2016 to RMB3.4 trillion (approximately US$539.8 billion) in 2019, representing a CAGR of 98.2%. The primary drivers for the growth of consumer finance marketplaces include the growing consumption market and increasing demand for consumer finance. In addition, it is also driven by consumers’ need for higher borrowing limits and convenient transaction processing, and improved credit assessment capabilities made possible through the application of big data analytics.
Additional drivers for the growth of online consumer finance marketplaces include increased internet and mobile penetration among consumers, the emergence of online marketplaces and ecommerce platforms that drive consumer behavior from offline to online, as well as the ability to realize comparatively lower user acquisition costs and higher operating efficiencies.
Recent Developments in the Peer-to-Peer Lending Industry
The online lending marketplace industry in China is intensely competitive and we compete with many other peer-to-peer marketplaces. According to the China Peer-to-Peer Industry Report for 2016 (the “P2P Report”) issued by Lingyi Research Center, an independent research institution, there were approximately 4,856 peer-to-peer lending marketplaces in China as of December 2016. The number of platforms increased to 5,229 as of July 2017. In light of the low barriers to entry in the peer-to-peer lending industry in China, we expect more players to enter this market and increase the level of competition.
Despite the continuous increase of the number of lending platforms, the peer-to-peer lending market in China has been subject to risky lending practices (such as over-leveraging) and platform failures. According to the P2P Report, as of December 2016, 3,201 platforms (or 65.9%) had the above referenced issues, 21 of which were located in Sichuan. Among these problematic platforms, 433 platforms (or 39.2%) closed and 395 platform (or 35.7%) suspended their operations.
In response to the ongoing platform failures and continuous risky lending practices, the PRC government has increased its regulation of peer-to-peer lending since 2015. The most significant regulation is the Interim Measures for the Administration of Business Activities of Online Lending Information Intermediaries (the “Interim Measures”). The Interim Measures set forth the upper limit for borrowing amounts of individuals and entities from one platform and the upper limit for aggregate borrowing amounts of each type of these borrowers from all peer-to-peer lending platforms within one year. Recent regulatory developments have facilitated operational adjustments that we expect will improve lending practices on peer-to-peer platforms in China. In order to comply with the Interim Measures, peer-to-peer lending companies are adjusting various aspects of their operations, including loans offered on their platforms and risk management programs. One of the significant trends since the Interim Measures became effective is the transition to smaller loans. The Interim Measures also require lending platforms to use banks as custodian. As a result, lending platforms are switching to bank custodians. According to Lingyi Research Center, as of December 2016, 227 platforms signed depository agreements with custodian banks.
In light of the increased regulations, the number of peer-to-peer lending platforms entering the market has been decreasing since mid-2016. According to Lingyi Research Center, approximately 38 lending platforms entered into the market in July 2016 and the number decreased to 8 in December 2016. Lingyi
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Research Center anticipates that this trend will continue for the rest of 2017. For more information on regulations on marketplace lending, see “Regulation” and “Risk Factors.”
Our Platform
Our platform capitalizes on opportunities presented by a financial system that leaves many creditworthy individuals and businesses underserved or even unserved. Our online business platform allows us to efficiently match borrowers with investors. We provide borrowers with convenient access to financing at competitive rates, while we offer investors attractive returns. Our platform provides the following benefits to borrowers, creditors and investors:
Benefits to Borrowers
We believe our platform provides the following benefits to our borrowers:
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Easy access to credit or more liquidity. We believe borrowers are significantly underserved by the current consumer finance system in China, which provides insufficient or, in some cases, no access to funds at all. We provide borrowers with access to loans based on borrower’s risk profile and credit history. The principal amount of loans facilitated on our platform generally range from RMB 10,000 (approximately US$1,588) to RMB 1,000,000 (approximately US$158,770).
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Quick and convenient access. We provide borrowers with an online loan application and management platform that can be accessed anytime and anywhere through our website and mobile applications. We also provide borrowers with access to live support and easy-to-use online tools throughout the application process and for the lifetime of the loan including a 24/7 customer service hotline and web chat.
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Fast credit approval. We provide borrowers with faster decisioning compared to traditional sources of consumer financing in China, which may take weeks to provide a decision on a loan application. We generally notify qualified borrowers with completed documentation of our decision within a day.
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Competitive rates and payments. Qualified borrowers pay an average interest rate of approximately 8.53% on an APR basis, which is competitive with the rates charged by our competitors.
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Transparent marketplace. We offer borrowers a transparent application process with foreseeable turnaround times and clear documentation requirements. All of the loans facilitated through our platform feature fixed interest rates and are secured by collateral or guaranteed by affiliates or third parties, which together with service fees and late payment penalties, are clearly disclosed to borrowers during the application process.
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Benefits to Investors
We believe our platform provides the following benefits to our investors:
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Access to a new asset class. We provide investors seeking funding opportunities with access to an investment opportunity that is outside the traditional and limited investment channels available to investors in China. We offer investors the ability to invest as little as RMB100 (approximately US$15.9), allowing the investors to invest in diversified portfolio of loans.
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Attractive returns. We offer investors attractive potential returns, which currently range from 6.24% to 7.95% on an annualized basis after fees, which is higher than traditional investment products such as bonds, treasurer bills, and CDs. Our risk management and credit screening capabilities help to improve the reliability of returns obtained through our platform.
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Easy and quick access. We offer investors 24/7 access to all available services through our website and mobile applications. We provide investors with an online tool that automatically invests a
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specified amount of funds committed by the investor according to investor-specified criteria, including; investment amount, method of repayment, desired rate of return and tenure. We also provide a 24/7 customer service hotline and web chat to answer any additional questions that investors may have.
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Investor protection. We focus on investor protection through all stages of a transaction including but not limited to implementing strict risk management measures to assess and verify borrowers’ creditworthiness, requiring collateral or guaranty for all our loan products, and monitoring payment status. With all these efforts, we have not had any defaulted loan or delinquencies since our inception. We also strive to follow good industry practices to protect our investors. For example, we have engaged Guangdong Huaxing Bank for fund depository functions including settlement, accounting and safeguarding online lending capital and obtained the Level III Certification of Information System Security issued by the MPS.
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Our Strengths
We believe the following competitive strengths contribute to our success and differentiate us from our competitors:
Fast growing online lending platform in Sichuan servicing direct selling industry
Our platform was one of the early online lending platforms in Sichuan province. From the acquisition of our platform through December 31, 2017, our platform successfully facilitated loans (including loan assignments) between 1,589 investors, 1,936 borrowers and two creditors, representing an aggregate value of over RMB427 million (approximately US$67.8 million). We are also leveraging our relationship with Resgreen Group. We are aiming to position ourselves as a leading online consumer finance platform for the direct selling industry in the PRC. We believe our scale, brand, risk management capabilities and technology platform allow us to effectively attract new participants, lower costs for our users, provide high-quality loan investment opportunities, create higher liquidity and thus reinforce our market position. As of the date of this prospectus, there are approximately 38 lending platforms in Sichuan province. The Company’s primary competitors in Sichuan include Sichuan Jinding Wealth Information Technology Co., Ltd. (“Jintian Wealth”), Koudai Network Services Co., Ltd., Chengdu Hongxue Jinxin Business Consulting Co., Ltd. and Chengdu Zhongke E-Commerce Co., Ltd. Although some of these companies, such as Jinding Wealth, are established lending platforms with large and existing borrower and investor bases as well as substantial financial resources. Compared to these lending platforms, we believe that our sophisticated custodian system and compatibility with current PRC regulations will make us more attractive to both borrowers and investors. Based on information available on the websites of our competitors as well as www.wdzj.com, an independent third party website that focuses on the P2P lending industry in China, we believe we were the first non-state owned lending platform in Sichuan that has established a custodian system with a depository bank pursuant to the requirements of applicable PRC regulations. We set up our custodian system in February of 2017 while most of our competitors were either negotiating their agreements with custodian banks or were (or remain) in the process of transitioning to the custodian system operated by their depository banks. In addition, loan transactions on our platform comply with restrictions on aggregate loan amounts for individual borrowers and entities set forth in PRC regulations while our competitors are in the process of restructuring loans on their platforms to comply with such requirement.
Low investment thresholds
We attract investors with a minimum investment amount of RMB100 (approximately US$15.9), which is lower than most of the traditional investment products, thereby providing investors with the flexibility to invest as much and as frequently through our platform as desired. A low minimum investment amount also enables investors to diversify their loan portfolio.
From the Acquisition to December 31, 2017, the average investment was approximately RMB464,608 (approximately US$73,766) and the average number of loans in an investor’s loan portfolio was 9.58.
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Highly secured investment
Each loan facilitated or assigned on our platform is guaranteed by affiliates and/or third parties who are jointly and severally liable for the loan and/or secured by collateral provided by borrowers. We have not had any defaulted loans or delinquencies since the acquisition of our platform.
Attractive user experience
We offer a superior user experience to our platform participants. We provide borrowers and creditors with quick and convenient access to credit at affordable and competitive rates through our online platform that is accessible anytime and anywhere online and through our mobile application. From the Acquisition to December 31, 2017, we facilitated loans to 1,936 borrowers and loan assignments to two creditors through our platform.
We offer investors easy and quick access to an alternative asset class with attractive potential returns, as well as an attractive user experience. From the Acquisition through December 31, 2017, 1,589 investors made investments through our platform with an average investment amount of approximately RMB464,608 (approximately US$73,766) per investor. Of these investors, 73.01% were repeat users of our platform, defined as those investors who made two or more investments through our platform during the period.
Cost efficient user acquisition
We invest in developing relationships with direct selling companies because we believe that they are well positioned to introduce our platform to a very broad potential user base due to the nature of their business. We have partnered with Resgreen Group, a direct selling company based in Changsha, China, with over a million members, to jointly promote our products and services to their business partners and members. Since March 2017 through December 31, 2017, we acquired approximately 22,600 new users through referrals from Resgreen Group, of which approximately 410 had invested through our platform while none of them had borrowed. With the increase in the number of new users from our partnership with Resgreen Group, we are able to effectively lower our user acquisition costs as compared to traditional user acquisition channels because we have been able to precisely market our platform to a large number of potential users with relevant low marketing expenses. Pursuant to our strategic cooperation agreement with Resgreen Group, we have the right to participate in all meetings Resgreen Group organizes for its members, at which we can promote our brand and services and attract Resgreen members. Once these Resgreen members become registered users of our platform, they can potentially become borrowers and investors on our platform. We have agreed to provide Resgreen members access to our platform where they can view investment opportunities and information related to wealth management posted on our platform. Resgreen has also agreed to provide to us information regarding their members, including members’ basic information as well as sales and financial data of each member within the Resgreen direct sale network. We plan to develop targeted marketing strategies towards Resgreen members by analyzing such data. We have agreed to provide Resgreen Group our analysis of their members’ information. Our business relationship with Resgreen Group is strategic rather than economic by its nature. Resgreen Group is not entitled to any fees when any of its members becomes a borrower or investor on our platform. In January 2018, we also started cooperating with prior creditors as well as new business partners to expand our borrower base. See “— Cooperation with Business Partners.”
Comprehensive risk management system
Our risk management system enables us to evaluate potential borrowers in a market where reliable credit scores and borrower databases are still at early stage of development. Our system is built upon data accumulated through our operations, publicly available governmental data, and third party credit sources. We supplement these data with manual verification and fraud prevention processes. We consistently upgrade our risk management model with new credit data and technologies. We believe our risk management is prudent, as evidenced by the performance of various loan vintages facilitated through our platform.
Experienced management team
We have a strong management team with many years of experience in consumer finance in China. Our chief executive officer, Ms. Xin Chen, played a key role in the establishment and operation of another
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peer-to-peer lending platform prior to joining Sichuan Senmiao. She also has over 20 years’ of accounting and finance experience based on her managerial and executive positions at various investment and real estate companies. Our management members also have significant experience in the consumer lending industry spanning multiple areas of expertise, including loan origination, risk management, product development, third party payment and collection in China.
Our Users
Our Borrowers
We service both individual and SME borrowers. We acquire our borrowers mostly through referrals from financial institutions such as banks, micro-lending companies and guarantee companies due to the differences between these institutions’ operation model, product offering and targeted customer and our own. These institutions refer borrowers to us if they believe that our platform and loans offered on our platform better serve the borrowers’ needs for financing. For example, guaranty companies are not allowed to extend loans, so they refer borrowers to us and they may serve as guarantors in such transactions for services fees, while banks in China focus on traditional large scale standardized loan products and they do not typically serve our targeted market. The borrowers they refer to us are generally looking for short-term financings below RMB1,000,000 (approximately US$158,770) to fund their cash flow requirement. We are not obligated to pay any fees to any of these institutions and have not paid any referral fees as of the date of this prospectus. We also acquire borrowers through our own marketing efforts such as event promotions, online marketing, user meetings and sales support. From the Acquisition to December 31, 2017, we have facilitated loans to over 1,936 borrowers with an aggregate principal amount of over RMB 253 million (approximately US$40.2 million).
Our Creditor Partners
Prior to 2018, our platform was also accessible to creditors (“Creditor Partners”) who had extended loans to borrowers outside our platform (“Outside Loans”). We provided our Creditor Partners the ability to assign their creditor’s rights under the Outside Loans to obtain interim financing before loan maturities.
We would review and evaluate a Creditor Partner’s financial conditions and credit profiles and make a determination if they would meet our minimum requirements for listing the Outside Loans on our platform. We would re-evaluate these partners’ credit status from time to time, usually on a monthly basis. Once the Creditor Partner was approved, we would categorize the partner’s credit facility into one or more of the loan products and post their loans on our platform. Investors would then have access to information regarding the original borrower, the loans being assigned, the collateral or guaranty securing the loans and other details related to the assigned loans. Our Creditor Partners were required to repurchase the Outside Loans at the end of the assignment term.
The Creditor Partners had conducted their own due diligence on the original borrower’s creditworthiness for the Outside Loans when they originally made these loans. Our risk control department also would conduct its own due diligence on the creditor’s rights sought to be assigned and the original borrower’s credit-worthiness, applying the same standards we use to review borrowers for direct loans. As part of this process, our risk control department would review the loan contract between the Creditor Partner and the original borrower to determine whether the original borrower had agreed to the proposed assignment of creditor’s rights. We would then directly contact the original borrower to ensure that they had received notice of proposed assignment from the Creditor Partner.
When our Creditor Partners assigned Outside Loans to investors on our platform, all rights of the Creditor Partners were assigned to the investors. Borrowers under the Outside Loans would remain legally obligated to pay off the assigned Outside Loans. Existing guarantors of the Outside Loan would remain legally obligated to perform their obligations under the assigned loans. Neither we nor the Creditor Partner would have any obligation to repay the assigned loan or provide a payment guarantee.
For this service, we charged our Creditor Partners service fees ranging from 0.32% to 0.94% of the assigned loan principal. From the Acquisition through December 31, 2017, the term of assignment of the
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loans averaged 36 days and the size of the loans assigned on our platform during this period was RMB137,301 (approximately US$21,799) on average.
Each Creditor Partner had a maximum amount of outstanding loan assignments permitted on our platform (“Total Assignment Cap”) that was approved by our loan assessment committee when we approved the Creditor Partner. The Total Assignment Cap was RMB 50 million (approximately US$7.9 million) for each of our Creditor Partners prior to our discontinuation of the assigned loan products. As of December 31, 2017, the total outstanding assignment amount of our Creditor Partners was RMB28,633,000 (approximately US$4.5 million).
We had two Creditor Partners prior to discontinuation of this loan assignment services — one is an automobile dealer that offers short-term financing to car purchasers and the other is engaged in providing loan services. As more fully described below, we continue to utilize our relationship with these former Creditor Partners through a different business model that is mutually beneficial.
Our Investors
We accept investments from individual investors of all income levels. This large and rapidly growing sector of the Chinese investors is currently underserved by traditional investment products in China. We seek to attract individual investors because members of this demographic group are a significant untapped source of capital.
From the Acquisition through December 31, 2017, 1,589 investors made investments totaling RMB 427 million (approximately US$67.8 million) through our platform. During this period, average annual investment return for investors on our platform was 7.72%. As of December 31, 2017, we had over 3,364 investors on our platform.
Cooperation with Business Partners
With an aim to facilitate our record-filing with relevant authorities under Circular 57 and the Interim Measures, we discontinued our loan assignment services for our Creditor Partners in January 2018. All the currently outstanding balance of the assigned loans are expected to mature by June, 2018, before the date we plan to apply for our record-filing.
However, in order to continue to utilize our relationships with prior creditors, whom we now refer to as business partners due to change of business model, we have signed cooperation agreements with them pursuant to which they will refer their customers with financing needs to our platform. Pursuant to the cooperation agreements, we send our employees to the office of our business partners and such employees will collect and review loan application materials from our business partners’ customers who would like to seek financing through out platform and verify their identity, credit and financial conditions based on our standards. Our business partners will also collect, review and assess loan application materials from their customers as part of their risk management process because they will provide guaranty for the loans their customers take through our platform.
Our business partners will pay for the transaction fees on behalf of their customers when the loans transactions of their customers are concluded. Specifically, the transaction fees for loans accruing interest on a monthly basis are paid upon disbursement of loan proceeds and the transaction fees for loans accruing interest on a daily basis are paid upon full payment of principal and interest. The transaction fees charged to the borrowers referred by business partners varies based on the amount of business our business partners refer to us and the default risk of borrowers referred, ranging from 0.30% to 2.98% of the loan amounts.
Our business partners as well as their affiliates will guarantee the payment of the loans. They are parties to the loan transaction documents and will be jointly and severally liable for the payment of the loans, including principal, interest, penalties, and other fees associated with collection of the loans. In addition, to further secure the loan transaction, we sometimes will require a business partner to provide a security deposit for each referred loan transaction. The security deposit will be used to pay back the investors when the referred borrower fails to pay principal and interest in time and the business partner will need to deposit additional funds to ensure sufficient funds at required level.
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Each business partner has a maximum amount of loans referred permitted on our platform (“Total Referral Credit”) that was approved by our loan assessment committee when we approved the business partner. The Total Referral Credit ranges from RMB 50 million (approximately US$7.9 million) to RMB 200 million (approximately US$31.8 million).
User Acquisition
We have adopted a sales and marketing strategy aimed at enhancing our profile in the marketplace lending industry and the credit industry as a whole. Our sales and marketing efforts have included event promotions, online marketing, user meetings and sales support. In addition, in order to increase our brand recognition among potential borrowers and investors, we have participated in industry or government organized forums and summits. Our recent borrower acquisition activities have primarily comprised of developing user base through our strategic alliance with Resgreen Group as well as identifying potential borrowers through online advertisement. In connection with our online marketing efforts, we have taken search engine optimization measures to increase our search index results on third-party search engines. In January 2018, we began to acquire borrowers from our business partners and we plan to strengthen our cooperation with these business partners and expand such relationship with more potential businesses.
Our Products and Services
Products Offered to Borrowers
Our online platform facilitates direct loans to borrowers. We facilitate secured, fixed-rate loans mostly to individual and SME borrowers who are in need of capital for business operations. Currently, most of the loans offered on our platform have a term of 3 months or less. The loans are secured either by real property, large tangible assets such as automobiles, or guaranteed by unaffiliated third parties. Pursuant to the requirement of the Interim Measures, we do not permit individual borrowers to hold loans with aggregated outstanding principal of more than RMB 200,000 (approximately US$31,754) or SME borrowers to hold loans with aggregated outstanding principal of more than RMB 1,000,000 (approximately US$158,770). Within the maximum loan amount permitted by applicable PRC regulations and the scope of our risk management policy, we allow borrowers to hold multiple loans that are facilitated or assigned through our platform at a time.
Direct loans facilitated on our platform range in the amount of RMB 10,000 (approximately US$1,588) to RMB 200,000 (US$31,754) for individual borrowers and RMB 23,900 (approximately US$3,795) to RMB 1,000,000 (approximately US$158,770). Our loans are currently primarily short-term loans — ranging from 30 days to three months. The annual interest rate for direct loans averaged 7.90% for the year ended March 31, 2017.
From the Acquisition through December 31, 2017, we facilitated loans to 1,936 borrowers through our platform and the total amount of funds loaned to borrowers through our platform was approximately RMB 427 million (approximately US$67.8 million).
The APRs for the term loans on our platform currently range from 6.78% to 8.64%. We also charge borrowers transaction fees for our services ranging from 0.30% to 2.98%. The transaction fee is charged as a percentage of the loan contract and is typically paid up-front at the time of the disbursement of loan proceeds for loans accruing interest on a monthly basis and upon full payment of principal and interest of loans accruing interest on a daily basis. We recognize revenues generated from transaction fees when the loan transactions are closed and invoices for such fees are issued. The interest rate and transaction fee represent the total cost of borrowing for borrowers. A penalty fee for late payment is imposed as a percentage of the amount past due and will be paid to the investors should a default occur. All fees are clearly disclosed to the borrowers. As of the date of this prospectus, we have not collected any penalty for late payment because there has not been any default or delinquencies since we acquired the Aihongsen platform.
We do not allow loan rollovers, i.e., the repayment of a loan using proceeds from a new loan. If an applicant has outstanding loans below the statutory limit, (i.e. RMB 200,000 for individuals and RMB 1,000,000) for enterprises, we would allow such applicant to borrow additional amounts provided that
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additional guaranty/collateral is provided and such application meets all the criteria for a new loan. The proceeds of a new loan cannot be used to pay off the prior loans of the same borrower.
Services Offered to Creditor Partners
We used to provide our Creditor Partners with a platform to assign their existing loans to meet their cash flow requirements. Starting January 2018, we discontinued the offering of assigned loan products on our platform to facilitate a smooth record-filing under Circular 57 and the Interim Measures.
By the end of 2017, an aggregate of 119 loans totaling approximately RMB 184.74 million (approximately US$29.3 million) were assigned to investors through our platform. We also charged fixed interest rate based on the term of the assignment of the loans. The APRs for the assigned loans on our platform ranged from 6.78% to 8.64%. Including interest, our total charge for Creditor Partners generally ranged from 12% to 18% of the loan amount. The interest and transaction fee were typically paid when assignment proceeds were disbursed but we sometimes allowed payment at the time the Creditor Partner repurchased the Outside Loans. We generally recognized revenues from Creditor Partners when the assignments were consummated.
Services Offered to Investors
Through our platform, investors have the opportunity to invest in a range of loan products with attractive returns. We provide our investors with an automated investing tool with which an investor can invest a specified amount of money to borrowers or previously our Creditor Partners through our platform for a specified period of time. Once an investor commits funds to invest, the funds are automatically allocated among approved borrowers. Our automated investing tool automatically reinvests investors’ funds as long as there are sufficient funds in the investor’s account, enabling investors to automatically reinvest without having to continually revisit our website or mobile application. Investors using our automated investing tool are allowed to withdraw their funds before a loan is fully subscribed. During the fiscal year ended March 31, 2017, the vast majority of funds invested by investors through our platform were invested utilizing this automated investing tool.
The minimum threshold for a lending commitment made through our automated investing tool is RMB 100 (approximately US$15.9). From the Acquisition through December 31, 2017, the average amount invested through our automated investing tool by each investor was approximately RMB 21,061 (approximately US$3,344). The rate of return offered to an investor after deducting the management fee varies with the duration of the investment term, with 6.00% for a 30 days loan and 7.00-8.00% for a loan with a term of longer than 30 days but up to 3 months.
We charge investors a management fee for using our investing platform. The management fee is equal to 8.00% of the interest that investors receive, and is paid at the time of each interest payment. There is no service fee if there’s no investment made from investors. We recognize revenues for services provided to investors when such fees are paid by and invoices are issued to the investors.
Our Platform and the Transaction Process
Our platform provides a streamlined application process for borrowers and investors alike. The entire process from initial application to disbursement of funds on average takes approximately 20 days for direct loans and approximately one day for loan assignments. With respect to loan assignments, the initial review and approval of our Creditor Partners would generally take one to three months but the approval of subsequent loan assignments would generally take a day as the Creditor Partners had been pre-approved and our review would involve less documents and procedures. Our initial review and approval of our business partners generally takes a month but the approval of loans to borrowers referred by our business partners takes one to five days.
The following illustrates the entire application and funding process through our platform:
Stage 1: Application
Our borrower application process begins with the submission of a loan application by a prospective borrower. Borrowers can apply through our website or mobile applications. As part of the application
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process, the prospective borrower is asked to provide various personal and business details. The specific personal and business details required will depend upon the borrower’s desired loan product, but typically include PRC identity card information, employer information, bank account information, credit card information and a credit report from the PBOC. For business, they will need business registration certificate, tax certificate, financial report, bank statements and credit report from the PBOC. Our borrowers are also required to designate the use of loan proceeds in their loan applications. After loan proceeds are disbursed, we will follow up with telephone calls to confirm such designated use of proceeds. However, due to the lack of detailed regulations, implementation measures and guidance on regulations concerning our industry, it is unclear what measures are required to verify the use of proceeds. We believe our current practice is sufficient in light of the type of loans facilitated and our transaction volume.
Our Creditor Partners were also required to open an account with us and send us the application materials before they could list their loans on our platform. However, once we had approved the Creditor Partners, we would not conduct additional verification on the Creditor Partners for subsequent loan assignment requests. We would only review the documents and conduct procedures in relation to each loan assignment. Nonetheless, we would re-evaluate these partners’ creditability from time to time, usually on a monthly basis.
We send our employees to the office of our business partners to prepare the applications of borrowers referred to us by our business partners. Our employees will review and verify the accuracy of such information and documents. In certain cases, our employees stationed at the offices of our business partners also assist our business partners with their review and evaluation of customers for purposes of their risk management.
New investors sign up to our platform using a simple online portal in which they input their PRC identity card information and bank account information. Prior to March 2017, the funds they invested over our platform were deposited into a custody account run by established third-party online payment platforms. In March 2017, we fully migrated to a new payment system with Guangdong Huaxing Bank, which took over the investor custody accounts previously managed by the third party payment platform.
Stage 2: Verification and Credit Assessment
We also supplement our review of borrower’s and Creditor Partner’s application with data from a number of internal and external sources, including the following:
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historical credit data accumulated through our online platform;
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personal identity information maintained by an organization operated under the MPS;
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personal credit information maintained by an organization operated under the PBOC;
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online data from internet or wireless service providers, including social network information;
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third-party credit check services; and
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fraud “blacklists” and databases.
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This data is then aggregated and used to verify an applicant’s identity, for possible fraud detection and for assessment and determination of creditworthiness.
Stage 3: Anti-Fraud and Decisioning
In order to efficiently screen borrower applicants, we have designed an initial qualification phase to review the basic information regarding a prospective borrower that has been submitted with his application and gathered by us from available sources. After an initial check is performed, the prospective borrower’s loan application either proceeds to the next phase of the application process or the prospective borrower is notified of the decision to decline the application.
As part of the initial qualification process, we also send our on-the-ground team to visit the applicant at their residence or office to verify borrower identity, credit data as well as collateral properties. If needed, we also engage appraisal firms to determine the value of collaterals. Based on initial due diligence, our
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business development department prepares requisite reports as well as loan requests for submission to our risk management department for further review and verification.
If a member of the credit assessment team suspects there may be fraud involved with a particular loan application or determines that additional verification is needed to complete the credit decisioning process, that team member will conduct further due diligence and verification, such as additional phone calls or onsite visits to the applicant and the applicant’s employer that is identified in the application.
Following our multi-level review, the credit assessment team will either approve the loan as is, approve the loan with one or more modified sets of loan characteristics, or decline the loan application. Unqualified borrowers are notified of the decision to decline their applications for failing to meet minimum requirements. Qualified borrowers proceed directly to the approval, listing and funding stage.
Our Creditor Partners conducted their own due diligence investigation in the original borrower’s credit-worthiness when they extended the Outside Loans. In addition, our risk management department would conduct its own due diligence on the creditor’s rights sought to be assigned and the original borrower’s credit-worthiness, using the same standards discussed above. As part of this process, our risk management department would review the loan agreement between the Creditor Partner and the original borrower to determine whether the original borrower had agreed to the proposed assignment of a Creditor Partner’s rights. We would then directly contact the original borrower to ensure that they have received notice of proposed assignment from the Creditor Partner.
As part of their agreement with us, our business partners are required to conduct face-to-face interview and/or site visits of the applicants to verify the identity, credit data and collaterals of the borrowers they refer to us. Apart from this, our risk management department will also conduct our own review, evaluation and verification of the applicants.
Stage 4: Approval, Listing and Funding
Once a loan application is approved, we enter into a loan agreement with respect to borrowers or a loan assignment and repurchase agreement in the case of a loan assignment by a Creditor Partner. The loan agreements are between a borrower, investor(s) who fund the borrower’s loan and our platform, or in the case of a loan assignment and repurchase agreement, among the Creditor Partner, the investor(s), guarantors and our platform, or in the case of a loan transaction through referral by our business partner, among the investor, borrower, the business partner and its affiliates and our platform. Upon a borrower’s or Creditor Partner’s acceptance of the loan documents, the loan or the Outside Loan is then listed on our platform for investors to view. Once a loan or an Outside Loan assignment is listed on our platform, investors may then subscribe to the loan or the Outside Loan using our automated or self-directed investing tools. We also make available a security agreement that enables our investors to take a security interest in the borrower’s collateral or a guaranty whereby the guarantor will be jointly and severally liable for the payment of loans. Except in the case of referral through our business partners where we enter into a Finance Intermediary Service Contract with our business partners with respect to each borrower referred, we enter into such contract directly with each borrower prior to the disbursement of the loan proceeds. The contract provides for the services fees we will charge the borrower to facilitate the loan transaction on our platform as well as the rights and obligations of each party in the transaction.
Once a loan or an Outside Loan is fully subscribed, funds are then drawn from a custody account and disbursed to the borrower or the Creditor Partner.
Currently, real estate and automobiles are the two types of collateral for loans facilities and assigned through our platform. As part of our risk management program, we first examine the value of the real estate to be used as collateral. We will then record the collateralization with local real estate bureau if such registration is allowed by PRC real estate laws and regulations. If such registration is not feasible under applicable PRC laws and regulations, we will require the property owner reflected in the real estate registry to guarantee the loan. Automobiles are collateral for loans assigned from one of our Creditor Partners. The Creditor Partner has completed the collateralization process prior to the loan assignment. When such loans are assigned to investors on our platform, these investors will have the right of the Creditor Partner with regard to the collateral.
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Stage 5: Servicing and Collections
We provide payment reminder services through text messages or phone calls one week before payment dates. For loans with a term of 30 days or shorter, borrowers repay interest and principle upon maturity. For loans with a term of longer than 30 days, borrowers pay interest on a monthly basis.
We are generally not involved in the collection process after a loan is delinquent or a Creditor Partner fails to repurchase its Outside Loan. Upon any of these events, the investors may sell defaulted loans to third party asset companies. They may also initiate legal action against the borrowers in default. We only become involved in the legal action when a lender engages us to assist the lender in a legal action initiated upon a default. Since there have not been any defaulted loans on our platform as of the date of this prospectus, our collection process has not been tested in practice.
Risk Management
Traditional risk management tools and the types of consumer finance data available in developed economies, such as widely available consumer credit reporting services, are currently at an early stage of development in China. We believe our strong risk management capabilities provide us with a competitive advantage in attracting capital to our platform by providing investors with comfort that they are investing in high quality loans through a sustainable platform.
Our Loan Assessment Committee and Risk Management Division
We have a loan assessment committee, comprised of five individuals: director of operation, director of risk management, chief compliance officer, chief executive officer and independent review officer. Based on the recommendation of our operation and risk management teams, each application received through our platform is submitted to our loan assessment committee for final review and decision.
We did not submit each loan assignment to our loan assessment committee. Instead, they would assess the qualifications of our Creditor Partners and approve them along with a Total Assignment Cap and specific guidelines on the review and approval of subsequent loan assignments. Our risk management team followed these guidelines when they reviewed and approved the loan assignments. Our loan assessment committee reevaluated our Creditor Partners and adjusted the assignment cap periodically based on the performance of the Creditor Partner on existing assignments and their current and future financial conditions.
To approve a loan or a Creditor Partner or business partner, our loan assessment committee must reach a consensus and the independent review officer has the authority to veto the decision of other committee members. In the fiscal ended March 31, 2017, approximately 70% of the loan applications submitted to our loan assessment committee were approved and 50% of Creditor Partners were approved.
We also have an independent risk management division, responsible for establishment and maintenance of risk management systems, evaluation and assessment of risks in operation, documentation, and completion of risk analysis reports etc.
Fraud Detection
Our fraud detection system is part of our larger risk management system. The system identifies and rejects potential borrower applications. Our system combines offline verification and the use of third-party credit services. Our offline verification activities involve members of our credit assessment team speaking with potential borrowers and their third-party references to inquire after any inconsistencies in a loan application. We also utilize government agency’s open database to check their identity card numbers against known criminals and third party companies’ credit information on potential borrowers. We maintain a blacklist of applicants after detecting any fraudulent borrowers.
Investor Protection
We emphasize investor protection through all stages of a transaction including but not limited to implementing strict risk management measures to assess and verify borrowers’ or Creditor Partners’ creditworthiness, requiring collateral or guaranties for all of our loans or assigned loans, monitoring
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borrowers’ or Creditor Partners’ payment status, and employing professional collection team to collect late payments or defaulted loans. With all these efforts, we have not had any defaulted loan since the launch of our platform.
We also strike to follow the best industry practice to protect our investors. For example, we have engaged Guangdong Huaxing Bank to provide fund depository services for our platform and assume fund depository functions including settlement, accounting and safeguarding online lending capital. In addition, we have obtained the Level III Certification of Information System Security issued by the MPS.
Depository Banks and Third-Party Payment Agents
Through March 2017, we used third-party online payment platforms to administer payments between borrowers, investors and ourselves and perform the related clearing and fund settlement actions associated with these payments. Our third-party payment agents transferred funds to and from borrowers’ and investors’ payment accounts as payment channels. We established checks and balances to ensure that all payments, transfers and made by the third-party payment agents were checked multiple times prior to the transmission of any funds to avoid errors.
In the spring of 2017, as required by law and with an aim to implement better risk management for our users, we engaged Guangdong Huaxing Bank to provide fund depository services for our platform since March 2017, pursuant to which Guangdong Huaxing Bank sets up separate accounts for borrowers and investors, and assumes fund depository functions including settlement, accounting and safeguarding online lending capital. We are one of the first few online lending platforms in Sichuan Province that have been accepted into the bank payment system. Third-party payment agent operates as the payment channels and only transfer funds to and from fund depository accounts. Applicable Chinese regulations require us to centralize our depository business to one commercial bank, and sign or amend implementation agreements to the extent necessary. As a result, we have ceased our business relationships with third party payment agents and Guangdong Huaxing Bank became our sole custodian service provider. Other than Guangdong Huaxing Bank, none of our current service providers is critical to our business operations. If we discontinue our business relationship with Guangdong Huaxing Bank, we do not anticipate any material challenges finding another bank as our alternative custodian service provider.
Our Technology
We believe our technology platform is a competitive advantage and an important reason that borrowers and investors utilize our platform. Key features of our technology platform include:
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Mobile applications. We have developed different user-friendly mobile applications for borrowers and investors, which enable borrowers, Creditor Partners and investors to access our platform at any time or location. We launched our first mobile application in February 2017, and approximately 97% of investments were facilitated through our mobile application from the launch of our mobile application to December 31, 2017.
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Fraud detection. We use a combination of current and historical data obtained during the application process, third-party data and sophisticated analytical tools to help determine an application’s fraud risk. High risk applications are subject to further investigation. In case where fraud is confirmed, the application is cancelled, and we identify and flag characteristics of the loan to help refine our fraud detection efforts.
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Scalable platform. Our platform is built on a distributed, load-balanced computing infrastructure, which is both highly scalable and reliable. The infrastructure can be expanded easily as data storage requirements and user visits increase. We utilize a unified platform, which administrates all systems and servers and can reconfigure or redeploy systems or servers automatically whenever needed.
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Data security. Our network is configured with multiple layers of security to isolate our databases from unauthorized access and we use sophisticated security protocols for communication among
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applications. To prevent unauthorized access to our system we utilize a system of firewalls and also maintain a perimeter network, or DMZ, to separate our external-facing services from our internal systems. Our entire website and public and private APIs use the Secure Sockets Layer networking protocol.
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Stability. Our systems infrastructure is hosted in cloud based data centers in Hangzhou and Shenzhen. We have multiple layers of redundancy to ensure the reliability of our network. We also have a working data redundancy model with comprehensive backups of our databases and our development environment conducted every day.
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Product Development
We had a dedicated product development team. This team is responsible for developing and implementing new consumer finance products to introduce on to our platform.
We constantly evaluate the popularity of our existing product offerings and develop new products and services that can cater to the ever-evolving needs of our borrowers and investors. From the borrower perspective, we will continue to develop tailored credit products to meet the specific needs of our target prime borrowers. We will leverage the success of our existing vertical loan products, such as the supply chain loans for automobile distributors, to expand our customized loan products to new industry verticals.
From the investor perspective, we continue to develop new investment products, such as diversified term investment products and products with lower investment thresholds that appeal to different investor appetites and demands. In the future, we plan to segment our loan products into more precise and specific return categories, and seek to offer investors a more diverse array of investment products that better meet their risk-adjusted return targets. We also intend to provide investors with enhanced tools and offer more valued-added services, such as investment portfolio services, enabling them to better monitor and manage their investments on our online platform.
Our Strategy
Our mission is to provide individuals and small-to-middle size businesses in China with easy access to affordable credit and investors with attractive investment opportunities through our online platform. We intend to achieve this goal by pursing the following strategies:
Follow good industry practices in China
By focusing on the long-term sustainable growth of our platform, we seek to mitigate the risks inherent in expanding credit markets. To this end, we strive to follow industry best practices for all aspects of our business, including credit risk management and analysis, operational transparency, and data security. In March 2017, we partnered with Guangdong Huaxing Bank to provide fund depository services for our platform, pursuant to which Guangdong Huaxing Bank sets up separate accounts for our borrowers and investors, and assumes fund depository functions including settlement, accounting and safeguard of online lending capital. Through this arrangement, Guangdong Huaxing Bank acts as a third-party custody and settlement arrangement to better protect our users. In addition, we have been issued the Level III Certification of Information System Security issued by MPS in March 2017.
Expand cooperation with direct selling companies
Direct selling companies typically have a large number of loyal members. Our partnership with direct selling companies enable us to conduct accurate direct marketing and effectively reduce our user acquisition costs. We have partnered with Resgreen Group, which has over a million members, to jointly promote our products and services to their business partners and members. As of the date of this prospectus, Resgreen Group is the only direct selling company we have an agreement with although we plan to develop partnerships with other direct selling companies in the future. Since March 2017 through December 31, 2017, we acquired approximately 22,600 new users through our partnership with Resgreen Group, of which users approximately 410 had invested through our platform. For the period from April to the end of 2017, 99.58% of our new users are members of Resgreen Group. We anticipate that our reliance on Resgreen Group will decrease as we continue to expand our borrower and investor base.
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We will continue to explore our partnership with Resgreen Group and duplicate the same business model with other direct selling companies. To this end, we will develop products and services to the specific needs of borrowers and investors in the direct selling industry as well as participate in direct selling industry conferences and forums to further increase the industry’s awareness of our platform.
We will also further develop the referral business model with business partners and expand our borrower base. Our cooperation with business partners also greatly improve our efficiency and reduce our costs in facilitating loan transactions.
Broaden our user base
We seek to grow the number of borrowers on our online platform through the introduction of new credit products and services. By tailoring products to specific borrower needs, we continually seek to attract new and repeat borrowers to our platform. We plan to leverage our relationship with prior creditors such as automobile distributors, to expand our cooperation with more similar businesses or in new industries. By targeting specific borrower segments with specialized loan products, we intend to increase the conversion rate of interested individuals into successfully qualified borrowers. In the future, we expect repeat borrowers to become an increasingly important source of our borrower base and we will design specific products and services to cater to this group. In addition, we will continue to leverage new technologies, such as mobile applications, to make the borrower loan application and investor matching process more efficient and transparent, attracting more borrowers to our platform. As consumers in China become increasingly receptive to utilizing online consumer financial services in general, we believe the improvements to our platform will enable us to increase our user base.
As our platform continues to grow, we plan to expand our ability to offer risk-based loan pricing. For example, we may adopt risk-based pricing for borrowers based on individual credit criteria so that borrowers will be able to receive customized loans tailored to their own credit profile. In addition, we intend to introduce market-based pricing of loans based on macroeconomic factors and we believe such ability to continually adjust the pricing of the loans on our platform will allow us to better meet the needs of our borrowers.
We strive to increase the overall number of investors and the amounts they invest through our platform by facilitating investments in a diversified portfolio of high-quality loan products. We will continue to develop new loan products and services, such as diversified term loans to satisfy different investor requirements. For our existing investors, we will seek to implement strategies to increase the share of their assets invested through our platform over time. To this end, we intend to provide investors with enhanced tools to better monitor and manage their investments on our online platform.
Further enhance our risk management capabilities
As loan volumes on our platform grow, we will seek to use the data generated from these transactions to further enhance our risk management systems. We are in the process of developing our online risk management systems that will integrate our own transaction data as well as data from government and third party credit sources to allow us to evaluate and facilitate lending to more borrowers and increase the automation and predictive capabilities of our credit and risk management systems. We expect the online system to be implemented by the mid-2018. In addition, we will continue to strengthen our off-line risk management team which verify borrowers’ risk profile on the ground. We believe these offline operations combined with the new online risk management system will enable us to further increase the efficiency of our platform while maintaining sophisticated risk management capabilities.
Continue to execute our mobile strategy
We have made and will continue to make significant investments in pursuing our mobile strategy. As we expect customers will increasingly submit loan applications or make investments from their mobile devices, we plan to further strengthen our mobile internet presence to seize promising market opportunities by improving mobile user experience and developing targeted marketing programs directed at mobile users. From the launch of our mobile application in February 2017 to December 31, 2017, approximately 97% of investment made through our platform were facilitated through our mobile applications. We will continue
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to improve the functionality of our mobile applications in order to improve mobile user experience, make our more convenient and accessible to users in China and enhance user royalty of our platform. We also plan to develop and introduce more mobile related products that serve the borrowers’ financing needs in their daily life. As we continue to execute our mobile strategy, we will utilize the additional information available from mobile users, such as location data, to further enhance our risk management capabilities.
Continue to invest in our technology platform
We will continue to make significant investments in our technologies in the areas of data collection and processing algorithms to increase the precision, speed and scale at which we match the demand and supply of loans. Enhanced data analytics will also improve our conversion of online leads into successful borrowers and investors. With the further application of big data, we will seek to acquire members of our target borrower and investor groups in a more focused and cost efficient way. Furthermore, we will continue to leverage technology to further automate our processes and improve efficiency. At the same time, we will also benefit from our scalable platform as our scale grows. We believe these investments will facilitate the long-term growth of our platform.
Competition
The online finance marketplace industry in China is intensely competitive and we compete with other finance marketplaces. While there are over 1800 other operating marketplace lending platforms and peer-to-peer lenders in China, we believe we do not directly compete with most of these marketplaces and peer-to-peer lenders because, unlike these other marketplaces and peer-to-peer lenders, our market segment is different as we target the direct selling industry and we believe we are currently the only peer-to-peer lending platform servicing direct selling companies. Additionally, we anticipate that more established internet, technology and financial services companies that possess large, existing user bases, substantial financial resources and established distribution channels may enter the market in the future. We believe that our unique industry focus, diversified loan product offerings, lower investment thresholds and marketplace dynamics make us more attractive and efficient to both borrowers and investors, providing us with a competitive advantage. In light of the low barriers to entry in the online finance industry, more players may enter this market and increase the level of competition.
We also compete with other financial products and companies that attract borrowers, investors or both. With respect to borrowers, we compete with other finance marketplaces and traditional financial institutions, such as consumer finance business units in commercial banks, credit card issuers and other finance companies. We believe our innovative marketplace model and online platform enable us to operate more efficiently and with higher levels of borrower satisfaction than these competitors. With respect to investors, we primarily compete with other investment products and asset classes, such as equities, bonds, investment trust products, bank savings accounts and real estate. We believe that we are able to offer attractive returns with low investment thresholds that are uncorrelated with other asset classes.
We also face competition within Sichuan Province, which is where we conduct the bulk of our operations. As of the date of this prospectus, there are approximately 38 lending platforms in Sichuan province. The Company’s primary competitors in Sichuan include Sichuan Jinding Wealth Information Technology Co., Ltd. (“Jintian Wealth”), Koudai Network Services Co., Ltd., Chengdu Hongxue Jinxin Business Consulting Co., Ltd. and Chengdu Zhongke E-Commerce Co., Ltd. Although some of these companies, such as Jinding Wealth, are established lending platforms with large and existing borrower and investor bases as well as substantial financial resources.
Compared to these lending platforms, we believe that our sophisticated custodian system and compatibility with current PRC regulations will make us more attractive to both borrowers and investors. Based on information available on our competitors’ websites as well as third party sources, we believe we were the first non-state owned lending platform in Sichuan that has established a custodian system with a depository bank pursuant to the requirements of applicable PRC regulations. We set up our custodian system in February of 2017 while most of our competitors were either negotiating their agreements with custodian banks or are in the process of transitioning to the custodian system operated by their depository banks. In addition, loan transactions on our platform comply with restrictions on aggregate loan amounts
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for individual borrowers and businesses set forth in PRC regulations while our competitors are in the process of restructuring loans on their platforms to comply with such requirement.
Regulation
Our business in China is subject to laws, regulations and judicial interpretations concerning online lending intermediary, illegal fundraising and Internet content providers, as well as those concerning doing business in China generally.
Regulations Related to the Marketplace Lending Industry
In July 2015, ten PRC central government ministries and regulators, including the PBOC, the CBRC, the Ministry of Finance, the MPS and the Cyberspace Administration of China, together released the Guidelines on Promoting Healthy Growth of Internet Finance (the “Guidelines”), which identified the CBRC as the supervisory regulator for the online lending industry. According to the Guidelines, online marketplace lending platforms shall only serve as intermediaries to provide information services to borrowers and investors, and shall not provide credit enhancement services or illegally conduct fundraising. The Guidelines also outlined certain regulatory propositions, which would require Internet finance companies, including marketplace lending platforms, to (i) complete website registration procedures with the administrative departments overseeing telecommunications; (ii) use banking financial institutions’ depository accounts to hold lending capital, and engage an independent auditor to audit such accounts and publish audit results to customers; (iii) improve the disclosure of operational and financial information, provide sufficient risk disclosure, and set up thresholds for qualified investors to provide better protections to investors; (iv) enhance online security management to protect customers’ personal and transactional information; and (v) take measures against anti-money laundering and other financial crimes.
Effective as of September 1, 2015, the Provisions of the Supreme People’s Court on Application of Laws to the Hearing of Private Lending Cases (the “Provisions on Private Lending Cases”) define private lending as financings between natural persons, legal persons or other organizations. The Provisions set forth that private lending contracts will be upheld as invalid under the circumstance that (i) relending of funds to a borrower that knew or should have known that the funds were fraudulently obtained from a financial institution; (ii) relending of funds to a borrower that knew or should have known that the funds were borrowed from other enterprises or raised by the company’s employees; (iii) lending of funds to a borrower wherein the investor knew or should have known that the borrower intended to use the borrowed funds for illegal or criminal purposes; (iv) violations of public orders or good morals; or (v) violations of mandatory provisions of laws or administrative regulations.
According to the Provisions on Private Lending Cases (i) when the interest rate agreed between the borrower and investor does not exceed an annual interest rate of 24%, the People’s Court will uphold the interest rate charged by the investor, and (ii) when the interest rate agreed between the borrower and investor exceeds an annual interest rate of 36%, the portion in excess of 36% is void and the People’s Court will uphold the borrower’s claim for return of the excess portion to the borrower. For loans with interest rates per annum between 24% and 36%, if the interest on the loans has already been paid to the investor, and so long as such payment has not damaged the interest of the state, the community or any third parties, the courts will likely not enforce the borrower’s demand for the return of such interest payment. If an interest rate for overdue payments is not agreed to before lending, the interest rate on overdue payments is permitted up to the interest rate for the loan. If neither the interest rate for the loan nor the interest rate for overdue payments have been agreed to, overdue payments are permitted to have an interest rate of 6%.
In August 2016, the CBRC, the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, or the MIIT, the MPS and the State Internet Information Office jointly promulgated the Interim Measures for the Administration of Business Activities of Online Lending Information Intermediaries (the “Interim Measures”). Apart from what had already been emphasized in the Guidelines and other previously released guidance, the Interim Measures include (i) general principles; (ii) filing administration; (iii) business rules and risk management guidelines; (iv) protection measures for investors and borrowers; (v) rules on information disclosure; (vi) supervision and administrative mechanisms; and (vii) legal liabilities.
Under the general principles and filing administration sections, the Interim Measures provide that online lending intermediaries shall not engage in credit enhancement services, direct or indirect cash
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concentration or illegal fundraising. The sections also stipulate a supervisory system and list the administrative responsibilities of different supervisory authorities, including the CBRC and its local counterpart and local financial regulators. Furthermore, these sections require online lending intermediaries to file with the local financial regulators, to apply for relevant telecommunications business licenses thereafter in accordance with the provisions of the relevant telecommunications authorities and to include serving as an Internet lending information intermediary in its business scope.
Under the business rules and risk management guidelines section, the Interim Measures stipulate that online lending intermediaries shall not engage in or be commissioned to engage in thirteen prohibited activities, including: (i) directly or indirectly financing its own projects; (ii) directly or indirectly receiving or collecting lenders’ funds; (iii) directly or indirectly offering guarantees to lenders or guaranteeing principal and interest payments; (iv) commissioning or authorizing a third party to advertise or promote financing projects at any physical locations other than through electronic channels such as the Internet and mobile phones; (v) providing loans (unless otherwise permitted by laws and regulations); (vi) dividing the term of financing projects; (vii) offering its own wealth management products or other financial products to raise funds or act as a proxy in the selling of banks’ wealth management products, brokers’ asset management products, funds, insurance or trust products; (viii) providing services similar to asset-based securitization services or conducting credit assignment activities in the form of asset packaging, asset securitization, asset trusts or fund shares; (ix) mixing with, bundling with or acting as a proxy in relation to investment, sales agent and brokerage services of other businesses (unless permitted by laws and regulations); (x) fabricating or exaggerating the authenticity or earnings outlook of a financing project, concealing its flaws and risks, falsely advertising or promoting a project with intentional ambiguity or other deceptive means, or spreading false or incomplete information to damage the commercial reputation of others, or to mislead lenders or borrowers; (xi) providing intermediary services for loans used to invest in high-risk financing projects such as stocks, over-the-counter margin financing, futures contracts, structured products and other derivatives; (xii) operating equity-based crowd-funding; and (xiii) other activities prohibited by laws and regulations. The Interim Measures, under the business rules and risk management section, also stipulate specific obligations or business principles of online lending intermediaries, including but not limited to online dispute resolution services, examination and verification functions, anti-fraud measures, risk education and training, information reporting, anti-money laundering, anti-terrorist financing, systems, facilities and technologies, service fees, electronic signatures and loan management. In addition, the Interim Measures stipulate that online lending intermediaries shall not operate businesses other than risk management and necessary business processes such as information collection and confirmation, post-loan tracking and pledge management in accordance with online-lending regulations, via offline physical locations. Furthermore, the Interim Measures provide that online lending intermediaries shall, based on their risk management capabilities, set upper limits on the loan balance of a single borrower borrowing both from one online lending intermediary and from all online lending intermediaries. In the case of natural persons, this limit shall not be more than RMB200,000 for one online lending intermediary and not more than RMB1 million in total from all platforms, while the limit for a legal person or organization shall not be more than RMB1 million for one online lending intermediary and not more than RMB5 million in total from all platforms.
In the protection for investors and borrowers section, the Interim Measures require that online lending intermediaries (i) separate their own capital from funds received from lenders and borrowers and (ii) select a qualified banking financial institution as their funding depository institution, which shall perform depository and administration responsibilities as required. In the remaining sections, the Interim Measures provide for other miscellaneous requirements for online lending intermediaries, including but not limited to, risk assessment and disclosure, auditing and authentication, industry association, reporting obligations, information security and disclosure and legal liabilities. Online lending intermediaries established prior to the effectiveness of the Interim Measures have a transition period of twelve months to rectify any activities that are non-compliant with the Interim Measures, except with respect to criminal activity, which must be terminated immediately.
In October 2016, several regulations on Internet finance were publicly announced, including but not limited to, the Notice of the General Office of the State Council on the Issuance of Special Rectification Implementation Plan regarding Internet Finance , Special Rectification Implementation Plan regarding
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Online Lending Risks, Special Rectification Implementation Plan for Risks of Asset Management Business through the Internet and Trans-subject Business, Special Rectification Implementation Plan for Risks regarding Non-Bank Payment Institutions, Special Rectification Implementation Plan for Risks of Internet Financing Advertising and Financial Activities in the form of financial investment (together the “Special Rectification Implementation Plans”). The Special Rectification Implementation Plans emphasize principles and rules in related to Internet financial regulations, and stipulate that (i) “look-through” supervision method shall be adopted, and (ii) companies in the same group that hold a number of financial business qualifications shall not violate rules of related party transactions and other related business regulations.
In November 2016, the CBRC, the MIIT and the Industry and Commerce Administration Department, jointly issued the Guidance to the Administration of Filling and Registration of Online Lending Information Intermediaries (the “Guidance of Administration”), which provides the general filing rules for online lending intermediaries, and delegates the filing authority to local financial authorities. The Guidance of Administration sets forth that online lending intermediaries are filed locally. Under the general filing procedures for online lending intermediaries which had already been established and operated prior to the promulgation of the Guidance of Administration, before an filing application is submitted to local financial regulators, the online lending intermediaries may be required to: (i) rectify any breach of applicable regulations as required by local financial regulators; and (ii) apply to the Industry and Commerce Administration Department to amend or register such entity’s the business scope.
The CBRC also authorizes local financial regulators to make detailed implementation rules regarding filing procedures. However, relevant local financial regulators are also in the process of making such implementation rules, which may require us to complete filing records under such future requirements within a grace period.
In February 2017, the CBRC released the Guidance to Regulate Funds Depositories for Online Lending Intermediaries (the “Depository Guidance”). The Depository Guidance defines depositories as commercial banks that provide online lending fund depository services, and stipulates that the depositories shall not be engaged in offering any guarantee, including: (i) offering guarantees for lending transaction activities conducted by online lending intermediaries, or undertaking any liability for breach of contract related to such activities; (ii) offering guarantees to lenders, guarantying principal and earnings or bearing the risks associated with fund lending operations for lenders.
Apart from the requirements set forth in the Interim Measures and the Guidance of Administration, the Depository Guidance imposes certain responsibilities on online lending intermediaries, including requiring them to enter into fund depository agreements with only one commercial bank to provide fund depository services, organize independent auditing on funds depository accounts of borrowers and investors and various other services. The Depository Guidance also provides that online lending intermediaries permitted to develop an online lending fund depository business shall satisfy certain conditions, including: (i) completing registration, filing records and obtaining a business license from the Industry and Commerce Administration Department; (ii) filing records with the local financial regulator; and (iii) applying for a corresponding value-added telecommunications business license pursuant to the relevant telecommunication authorities. The Depository Guidance also requires online lending intermediaries to perform various obligations, and prohibits them advertising their services with the information of their depository except for in accordance with necessary exposure requirements, the interpretation and applicability of which is unclear, as well as oversight requirements. The Depository Guidance also raises other business standards and miscellaneous requirements for depositories and online lending intermediaries as well. Online lending intermediaries and commercial banks conducting the online depository services prior to the effectiveness of the Depository Guidance have a six-month grace period to rectify any activities not in compliance with the Depository Guidance.
Some elements of our platform may not currently be operating in full compliance with the Depository Guidelines, the rules proposed by the Interim Measures and other principles that have been announced in recent years. Moreover, the Interim Measures also stipulated a 12-month transition period from the time of its effectiveness for online lending intermediaries to adjust their business models. See “Risk Factors — Risks Related to the PRC Laws Regulating Our Business and Industry — Our operations may need to be modified to comply with existing and future requirements set forth by the CBRC or laws or regulations promulgated by other PRC authorities regulating the marketplace lending industry in China.”
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In addition, on April 7, 2017, the CBRC issued the Guideline of Risk Prevention and Control of Banking Industry, which prohibits online lending intermediaries from (i) approaching potential borrowers that are incapable of repaying or (ii) offering online lending services to college students under the age of 18.
In December 2017, the National Online Lending Rectification Office issued the Circular 57, providing further clarification on several matters in connection with the rectification and record-filing of online lending information intermediaries, including, among other things:
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Requirements relating to risk reserve funds. The online lending information intermediaries shall discontinue setting aside additional funds as risk reserve funds or originating new risk reserve funds. In addition, the existing balance of risk reserve funds shall be gradually reduced. Moreover, online lending information intermediaries are prohibited from promoting their services by publicizing the risk reserve funds, and authorities shall actively encourage the online lending information intermediaries to seek third parties to provide lenders with alternate means of investors’ protection, including third-party guarantee arrangements.
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Requirements relating to assignment of debt. Low frequency assignment of debts between lenders shall be deemed as compliance. However, providing services similar to asset-based securitization services or conducting credit assignment activities in the form of asset packaging, asset securitization, asset trusts or fund shares shall be deemed as incompliance; “super lender” mode, which the senior manager or affiliated person of online lending information intermediaries, under the authorization of the platform, concluding loan agreements with the borrower and extending loans directly to the borrower and then release a product equaling to the amount of the loan on the platform, transferring the creditor’s right to the actual lender, will be deemed as incompliance.
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Requirements to qualify for record-filing. Circular 57 sets forth certain requirements which an online lending intermediary shall not be in breach before it can qualify for the record-filing, including: (i) an online lending intermediary may not conduct the “thirteen prohibited actions” or exceed the individual lending amount limit after August 24, 2016, and shall gradually reduce the balance; (ii) an online lending intermediary which has participated in businesses of the real estate mortgage, campus loan or “cash loan,” is required to suspend the new loan origination and the outstanding balance of the abovementioned loans shall be gradually reduced within a certain timetable as required under the CBRC Circular 26 and Circular 141 (as defined below); and (iii) the online lending intermediaries are required to set up custody accounts with qualified banks that have passed certain testing and evaluation procedures run by the National Online Lending Rectification Office to hold customer funds. For the online lending intermediaries that are unable to accomplish the rectification and record-filing but are continuing to participate in the online lending business, the relevant authorities shall subject online lending intermediaries to administrative sanctions, including but not limited to revoking their telecommunicating business operation license, shutting down their business websites and requesting financial institutions not to provide any financial services to such online lending intermediaries.
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Requirements relating to the timing of record-filing. The local governmental authorities shall conduct and complete acceptance inspection of the rectification with the following timetable: (i) completion of record-filing for major online lending information intermediaries by the end of April 2018; (ii) with respect to online lending information intermediaries with substantial outstanding balance of those loans prohibited under the relevant laws and regulations and timely reduction of those balance is difficult, the relevant business and outstanding balance shall be disposed and/or carved out, and record-filing shall be completed by the end of May 2018; (iii) with respect to those online lending information intermediaries with complex and extraordinary circumstances and substantial difficulties exist to complete rectification, the “relevant work” shall be completed by the end of June 2018.
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In December 2017, the Internet Finance Rectification Office and the Online Lending Rectification Office jointly issued the Notice on Regulating and Rectifying “Cash Loan” Business (the “Circular 141”), outlining general requirements on the “cash loan” business conducted by network microcredit companies, banking financial institutions and online lending information intermediaries. Circular 141 specifies the features of  “cash loans” as not relying on consumption scenarios, with no specified use of loan proceeds, no
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qualification requirement on customers and unsecured etc. Circular 141 sets forth several general requirements with respect to “cash loan” business, including, without limitation: (i) no organizations or individuals may conduct the lending business without obtaining approvals for the lending business; (ii) the aggregated borrowing costs of borrowers charged by institutions in the forms of interest and various fees should be annualized and subject to the limit on interest rate of private lending set forth in the Private Lending Judicial Interpretations issued by the Supreme People’s Court; (iii) all relevant institutions shall follow the “know-your-customer” principle and prudentially assess and determine the borrower's eligibility, credit limit and cooling-off period, etc. Loans to any borrower without income sources are prohibited; and (iv) all relevant institutions shall enhance the internal risk control and prudentially use the “data-driven” risk management model.
In additions, Circular 141 emphasizes several requirements on the online lending information intermediaries. For instance, such intermediaries are prohibited from facilitating any loans to students or other persons without repayment source or repayment capacity, or loans with no designated use of proceeds. Also, such intermediaries are not permitted to deduct interest, handling fee, management fee or deposit from the principal of loans provided to the borrowers in advance.
Any violation of Circular 141 may result in penalties, including but not limited to suspension of operation, orders to make rectification, condemnation, revocation of license, order to cease business operation, and criminal liabilities.
Regulations Related to Illegal Fundraising
PRC laws and regulations prohibit persons and companies from raising funds through advertising to the public a promise to repay premium or interest payments over time through payments in cash or in kind except with the prior approval of the applicable government authorities. Failure to comply with these laws and regulations may result in penalties imposed by the PBOC, the AIC and other governmental authorities and can lead to civil or criminal lawsuits.
Our platform only acts as an information service provider in the facilitation of loans between borrowers and investors, our platform has not been subject to any fines or other penalties under any PRC laws and regulations that prohibit illegal fundraising. In this regard, as advised by our PRC counsel, the business operation of our platform does not violate the current existing PRC laws and regulations prohibiting illegal fundraising. Nevertheless, uncertainties exist with respect to the PBOC, AIC and other governmental authorities’ interpretations of the fundraising-related laws and regulations. While our agreements with investors require investors to guarantee the legality of all funds investors put on our platform, we do not verify the source of investors’ funds separately, and therefore, to the extent that investors’ funds are obtained through illegal fundraising, we may be negligently liable as a facilitator of illegal fundraising. In addition, while our loan agreements contain provisions that require borrowers to use the proceeds for purposes listed in their loan applications, we do not monitor the borrowers’ use of funds on an on-going basis, and therefore, to the extent that borrowers use proceeds from the loans for illegal activities, we may be negligently liable as a facilitator of an illegal use. Although we have designed and implemented procedures to identify and eliminate instances of fraudulent conduct on our platform, as the number of borrowers and investors on our platform increases, we may not be able to identify all fraudulent conduct that may violate illegal fundraising laws and regulations.
Regulations Related to Value-Added Telecommunication Business Certificates and Foreign Investment Restrictions
PRC regulations impose sanctions for engaging in Internet information services of a commercial nature without having obtained an ICP certificate or engaging in the operation of online data processing and transaction processing without having obtained an ODPTP certificate. These sanctions include corrective orders and warnings from the PRC communication administration authority, fines and confiscation of illegal gains and, in the case of significant infringements, the websites may be ordered to close. Nevertheless, the PRC regulatory authorities’ enforcement of such regulations in the context of online lending platforms remains unclear.
According to the Provisions on the Administration of Foreign-invested Telecommunication Enterprises, the ratio of investment by foreign investors in a foreign-invested telecommunication enterprise
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that engages in the operation of a value-added telecommunication business shall not exceed 50%. The Circular of Ministry of Industry and Information Technology Concerning Lifting Restrictions on the Proportion of Foreign Equity in Online Data Processing and Transaction Processing Business (E-commerce) (the “Circular 196”), which was promulgated on June 19, 2015, provides that foreign investors are permitted to invest up to 100% of the registered capital in a foreign-invested telecommunication enterprise engaging in the operation of online data processing and transaction processing (E-commerce). However, foreign investors are only permitted to invest up to 50% of the registered capital in a foreign-invested telecommunication enterprise that engages in the operation of Internet information services. Under either circumstance, the largest foreign investor will be required to have a satisfactory business track record and operational experience in the value-added telecommunications business.
While Circular 196 permits foreign ownership, in whole or in part, of online data and deal processing businesses (E-commerce), a sub-set of value-added telecommunications services, it is not clear whether our online lending platform will be deemed as online data and deal processing. See “Risk Factors — Risks Related to the PRC Laws Regulating Our Business and Industry — We may be required to obtain a value-added telecommunication business certificate and be subject to foreign investment restrictions.”
Regulations Related to Internet Advertising
The Interim Measures for Administration of Internet Advertising (the “Internet Advertising Measures”), were adopted by the State Administration for Industry and Commerce and became effective on September 1, 2016. The Internet Advertising Measures regulate Internet advertising activities. According to the Internet Advertising Measures, Internet advertisers are responsible for the authenticity of the content of advertisements. The identity, administrative license, cited information and other certificates that advertisers are required to obtain in publishing Internet advertisements shall be true and valid. Internet advertisements shall be distinguishable and prominently marked as “advertisements” in order to enable consumers to identify them as advertisements. Publishing and circulating advertisements through the Internet shall not affect the normal use of the Internet by users. It is not allowed to induce users to click on the content of advertisements by any fraudulent means, or to attach advertisements or advertising links in the emails without permission. The Internet Advertising Measures also impose several restrictions on the forms of advertisements and activities used in advertising. “Internet advertising” as defined in the Internet Advertising Measures refers to commercial advertisements that directly or indirectly promote goods or services through websites, web pages, Internet applications or other Internet media in various forms, including texts, pictures, audio clips and videos. Where Internet advertisements are not identifiable and marked as “advertisements”, a fine of not more than RMB100,000 may be imposed in accordance with Advertising Law. A fine ranging from RMB5,000 to RMB30,000 may be imposed for any failure to provide a prominently marked “CLOSE” button to ensure “one-click closure”. Advertisers who induce users to click on the content of advertisements by fraudulent means or without permission, attach advertisements or advertising links in the emails shall be imposed a fine ranging from RMB10,000 to RMB30,000. Our marketplace is in the process of complying with the new Internet Advertising Measures during our advertising activities.
Regulations Related to Information Security and Confidentiality of User Information
Internet activities in China are regulated and restricted by the PRC government and are subject to criminal penalties under the Decision Regarding the Protection of Internet Security.
The MPS has promulgated measures that prohibit use of the Internet in ways that, among other things, result in leaks of government secrets or the spread of socially destabilizing content. The MPS and its local counterparts have authority to supervise and inspect domestic websites to carry out its measures. Internet information service providers that violate these measures may have their licenses revoked and their websites shut down.
On June 22, 2007, the MPS, the State Secrecy Administration and other relevant authorities jointly issued the Administrative Measures for the Hierarchical Protection of Information Security, which divides information systems into five categories and requires the operators of information systems ranking above Grade II to file an application with the local Bureau of Public Security within 30 days of the date of its
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security protection grade determination or since its operation. The Company completed its registration with the local Bureau of Public Security in April, 2017.
The PRC government regulates the security and confidentiality of Internet users’ information. The Administrative Measures on Internet Information Service), the Regulations on Technical Measures of Internet Security Protection and the Provisions on Protecting Personal Information of Telecommunication and Internet Users, which were issued on July 16, 2013 by the MIIT, set forth strict requirements to protect personal information of Internet users and require Internet information service providers to maintain adequate systems to protect the security of such information. Personal information collected must be used only in connection with the services provided by the Internet information service provider. Moreover, the Rules for Regulating the Order in the Market for Internet Information Service also protect Internet users’ personal information by (i) prohibiting Internet information service providers from unauthorized collection, disclosure or use of their users’ personal information and (ii) requiring Internet information service providers to take measures to safeguard their users’ personal information. In December 2012, the Standing Committee of the National People’s Congress passed the Decision on Strengthening Internet Information Protection, which provides that all Internet service providers in China, including Internet information service providers, must require that their users provide identification information before entering into service agreements or providing services.
On November 7, 2016, the Standing Committee of the National People’s Congress released the Cyber Security Law , which came into effect on June 1, 2017. The Cyber Security Law requires network operators to perform certain functions related to cyber security protection and the strengthening of network information management. For instance, under the Cyber Security Law, network operators of key information infrastructure generally shall, during their operations in the PRC, store the personal information and important data collected and produced within the territory of PRC.
On April 11, 2017, the Cyberspace Administration of China announced the Measures for the Security Assessment of Personal Information and Important Data to be Transmitted Abroad (consultation draft) (the “Consultation Draft of Security Assessment Measures”) The Consultation Draft of Security Assessment Measures requires network operators to conduct security assessments and obtain consents from owners of personal information prior to transmitting personal information and other important data abroad. Moreover, under the Consultation Draft of Security Assessment Measures, the network operators are required to apply to the relevant regulatory authorities for security assessments under several circumstances, including but not limited to: (i) if data to be transmitted abroad contains personal information of more than 500,000 users in aggregate; (ii) if the quantity of the data to be transmitted abroad is more than 1,000 gigabytes; (iii) if data to be transmitted abroad contains information regarding nuclear facilities, chemical biology, national defense or military projects, population and health, or relates to large-scale engineering activities, marine environment issues or sensitive geographic information; (iv) if data to be transmitted abroad contains network security information regarding system vulnerabilities or security protection of critical information infrastructure; (v) if key information infrastructure network operators transmit personal information and important data abroad; or (vi) if any other data to be transmitted abroad contains information that might affect national security or public interest and are required to be assessed as determined by the relevant regulatory authorities.
Regulations Related to Company Establishment and Foreign Investment
The establishment, operation and management of corporate entities in China is governed by the Company Law of the PRC (the “Company Law”). According to the Company Law, companies established in the PRC are either limited liability companies or joint stock limited liability companies. The Company Law applies to both PRC domestic companies and foreign-invested companies. The establishment procedures, approval procedures, registered capital requirements, foreign exchange matters, accounting practices, taxation and labor matters of a wholly foreign-owned enterprise are regulated by the Wholly Foreign-owned Enterprise Law of the PRC and the Implementation Regulation of the Wholly Foreign-owned Enterprise Law. According to these regulations, foreign-invested enterprises in the PRC may only pay dividends out of their accumulated profit, if any, determined in accordance with PRC accounting standards and regulations. A PRC company is required to set aside general reserves of at least 10% of its after-tax profit, until the cumulative amount of such reserves reaches 50% of its registered capital unless the
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provisions of laws regarding foreign investment provide otherwise. In addition, PRC companies may allocate a portion of their after-tax profits based on PRC accounting standards to employee welfare and bonus funds at their discretion. These reserves and employee welfare and bonus funds are not distributable as cash dividends. A PRC company may not distribute any profits until any losses from prior fiscal years have been offset. Profits retained from prior fiscal years may be distributed together with distributable profits from the current fiscal year. In September 2016, the National People’s Congress Standing Committee published its decision to revise the laws relating to wholly foreign-owned enterprises and other foreign-invested enterprises. Such decision, which became effective on October 1, 2016, changes the “filing or approval” procedure for foreign investments in China such that foreign investments in business sectors not subject to special administrative measures will only be required to complete a filing instead of the existing requirements to apply for approval. The special entry management measures shall be promulgated or approved to be promulgated by the State Council. Pursuant to a notice issued by NDRC and MOFCOM on October 8, 2016, the special entry management measures shall be implemented with reference to the relevant regulations as stipulated in the Catalogue of Industries for Guiding Foreign Investment in relation to the restricted foreign investment industries, prohibited foreign investment industries and encouraged foreign investment industries. Pursuant to the Provisional Administrative Measures on Establishment and Modifications Filing for Foreign Investment Enterprises promulgated by MOFCOM on October 8, 2016, establishment and changes of foreign investment enterprises not subject to the approval under the special entry management measures shall be filed with the relevant commerce authorities.
The Provisions on Guiding the Orientation of Foreign Investment and the 2015 revision of the Catalogue of Industries for Guiding Foreign Investment classify foreign investment projects into four categories: encouraged projects, permitted projects, restricted projects and prohibited projects. The purpose of these regulations is to direct foreign investment into certain priority industry sectors and restrict or prohibit investment in other sectors. If the industry sector in which the investment is to occur falls into the encouraged category, foreign investment can be conducted through the establishment of a wholly foreign-owned enterprise. If a restricted category, foreign investment may be conducted through the establishment of a wholly foreign-owned enterprise, provided certain requirements are met, and, in some cases, the establishment of a joint venture enterprise is required with varying minimum shareholdings for the Chinese party depending on the particular industry. If a prohibited category, foreign investment of any kind is not allowed. Any industry not falling into any of the encouraged, restricted or prohibited categories is classified as a permitted industry for foreign investment. Our online lending and risk management consulting businesses are classified as permitted foreign investment projects. However, if our online lending platform is required to obtain an ICP certificate (See “Risk Factors — Risks Related to the PRC Laws Regulating Our Business and Industry — We may be required to obtain a value-added telecommunication business certificate and be subject to foreign investment restrictions.”), our online lending business will be classified as a restricted foreign investment project, whereupon foreign investment will not be permitted to exceed 50% and the main foreign investor will be required to have a good track record and operational experience in value-added telecommunications businesses.
In January 2015, MOFCOM published the Draft Foreign Investment Law soliciting the public’s comments. Among other things, the Draft Foreign Investment Law expands the definition of foreign investment and introduces the principle of  “actual control” in determining whether a company is considered a foreign-invested enterprise. “Control” is broadly defined in the Draft Foreign Investment Law to cover the following summarized categories: (i) holding 50% or more of the voting rights of the subject entity; (ii) holding less than 50% of the voting rights of the subject entity, but having the power to secure at least 50% of the seats on the board of directors or other equivalent decision-making bodies, or having the voting power to exert material influence over the board of directors, at the shareholders’ meeting or over other equivalent decision-making bodies; or (iii) having the power to exert decisive influence, via contractual or trust arrangements, over the subject entity’s operations, financial matters or other key aspects of business operations. The Draft Foreign Investment Law specifically provides that entities established in China, but ultimately “controlled” by foreign investors, will be treated as foreign-invested enterprises. If a foreign-invested enterprise proposes to conduct business in an industry subject to foreign investment restrictions, the foreign-invested enterprise must go through a market entry clearance by MOFCOM before being established. According to the Draft Foreign Investment Law, VIEs would also be deemed as foreign-invested enterprises if they are ultimately “controlled” by foreign investors, and accordingly would
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be subject to restrictions on foreign investments. However, the Draft Foreign Investment Law does not address what actions will be taken with respect to the existing companies with a VIE structure. As of the date hereof, it is uncertain when the Draft Foreign Investment Law will become a law, to what extent the final version will differ from the Draft Foreign Investment Law and the potential impact on companies employing a VIE structure in the PRC. When the Draft Foreign Investment Law becomes effective, the trio of existing laws regulating foreign investment in the PRC, namely, the Sino-foreign Equity Joint Venture Enterprise Law, the Sino-foreign Cooperative Joint Venture Enterprise Law and the Wholly Foreign-invested Enterprise Law, together with their implementation rules and ancillary regulations, will be abolished.
Regulations Related to Labor and Social Security
Pursuant to the PRC Labor Law, the PRC Labor Contract Law and the Implementing Regulations of the Employment Contracts Law, labor relationships between employers and employees must be executed in written form. Wages may not be lower than the local minimum wage. Employers must establish a system for labor safety and sanitation, strictly abide by state standards and provide relevant education to its employees. Employees are also required to work in safe and sanitary conditions.
On December 28, 2012, the PRC Labor Contract Law was amended with effect on July 1, 2013 to impose more stringent requirements on labor dispatch. Under such law, dispatched workers are entitled to pay equal to that of full-time employees for equal work, but the number of dispatched workers that an employer hires may not exceed a certain percentage of its total number of employees as determined by the Ministry of Human Resources and Social Security. Additionally, dispatched workers are only permitted to engage in temporary, auxiliary or substitute work. According to the Interim Provisions on Labor Dispatch promulgated by the Ministry of Human Resources and Social Security on January 24, 2014, which became effective on March 1, 2014, the number of dispatched workers hired by an employer shall not exceed 10% of the total number of its employees (including both directly hired employees and dispatched workers). The Interim Provisions on Labor Dispatch require employers not in compliance with the PRC Labor Contract Law in this regard to reduce the number of its dispatched workers to below 10% of the total number of its employees prior to March 1, 2016. In addition, an employer is not permitted to hire any new dispatched worker until the number of its dispatched workers has been reduced to below 10% of the total number of its employees.
Under PRC laws, rules and regulations, including the Social Insurance Law , the Interim Regulations on the Collection and Payment of Social Security Funds and the Regulations on the Administration of Housing Accumulation Funds, employers are required to contribute, on behalf of their employees, to a number of social security funds, including funds for basic pension insurance, unemployment insurance, basic medical insurance, occupational injury insurance, maternity leave insurance and housing accumulation funds. These payments are made to local administrative authorities and any employer who fails to contribute may be fined and ordered to pay the deficit amount. See “Risk Factors — Risks Related to Doing Business in China — We may be subject to penalties under relevant PRC laws and regulations due to failure to make full social security and housing fund contributions for some of our employees.”
Regulations on Intellectual Property
The PRC has adopted legislation governing intellectual property rights, including copyrights, trademarks and patents. The PRC is a signatory to major international conventions on intellectual property rights and is subject to the Agreement on Trade Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights as a result of its accession to the World Trade Organization in December 2001.
The National People’s Congress amended the Copyright Law in 2001 and 2010 to widen the scope of works and rights that are eligible for copyright protection. The amended, the Copyright Law extends copyright protection to Internet activities, products disseminated over the Internet and software products. In addition, there is a voluntary registration system administered by the China Copyright Protection Center. To address copyright infringement related to content posted or transmitted over the Internet, the National Copyright Administration and former Ministry of Information Industry jointly promulgated the Administrative Measures for Copyright Protection Related to the Internet in April 2005. These measures became effective in May 2005.
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On December 20, 2001, the State Council promulgated the new Regulations on Computer Software Protection, effective from January 1, 2002, and revised in 2013, which are intended to protect the rights and interests of the computer software copyright holders and encourage the development of software industry and information economy. In the PRC, software developed by PRC citizens, legal persons or other organizations is automatically protected immediately after its development, without an application or approval. Software copyrights may be registered with the designated agency and if registered, the certificate of registration issued by the software registration agency will be the primary evidence of the ownership of the copyright and other registered matters. On February 20, 2002, the National Copyright Administration of the PRC introduced the Measures on Computer Software Copyright Registration), which outline the operational procedures for registration of software copyright, as well as registration of software copyright license and transfer contracts. The Copyright Protection Center of China is mandated as the software registration agency.
The PRC Trademark Law, adopted in 1982 and revised in 1993, 2001 and 2013 respectively, protects the proprietary rights to registered trademarks. The Trademark Office under the State Administration for Industry and Commerce handles trademark registrations and may grant a term of ten years for registered trademarks, which may be extended for another ten years upon request. Trademark license agreements shall be filed with the Trademark Office for record. In addition, if a registered trademark is recognized as a well-known trademark, the protection of the proprietary right of the trademark holder may reach beyond the specific class of the relevant products or services.
The Patent Law of the PRC and its Implementation Rules provide for three types of patents: invention, utility model and design. The duration of a patent right is either 10 years or 20 years from the date of application, depending on the type of patent right.
Regulations Related to Foreign Exchange
The principal regulations governing foreign currency exchange in China are the Foreign Exchange Administration Regulations, which were most recently amended in August 2008. Payments of current account items, such as profit distributions and trade and service-related foreign exchange transactions, can usually be made in foreign currencies without prior approval from SAFE by complying with certain procedural requirements. By contrast, approval from or registration with appropriate PRC authorities or banks authorized by appropriate PRC authorities is required where RMB capital is to be converted into foreign currency and remitted out of China to pay capital expenses.
SAFE promulgated the Notice of the State Administration of Foreign Exchange on Reforming the Administration of Foreign Exchange Settlement of Capital of Foreign-invested Enterprises (“Circular 19”), effective on June 1, 2015, in replacement of SAFE Circular 142 (the Circular on the Relevant Operating Issues Concerning the Improvement of the Administration of the Payment and Settlement of Foreign Currency Capital of Foreign-Invested Enterprises. According to Circular 19, the flow and use of the RMB capital converted from foreign currency-denominated registered capital of a foreign-invested company is regulated such that RMB capital may not be used for the issuance of RMB entrusted loans or the repayment of inter-enterprise loans or the repayment of banks loans that have been transferred to a third party. Although Circular 19 allows RMB capital converted from foreign currency-denominated registered capital of a foreign-invested enterprise to be used for equity investments within the PRC, it also reiterates the principle that RMB converted from the foreign currency-denominated capital of a foreign-invested company may not be directly or indirectly used for purposes beyond its business scope. Thus, it is unclear whether SAFE will permit such capital to be used for equity investments in the PRC in actual practice. SAFE promulgated the Notice of the State Administration of Foreign Exchange on Reforming and Standardizing the Foreign Exchange Settlement Management Policy of Capital Account (the “Circular 16”), effective on June 9, 2016, which reiterates some of the rules set forth in Circular 19, but changes the prohibition against using RMB capital converted from foreign currency-denominated registered capital of a foreign-invested company to issue RMB entrusted loans to a prohibition against using such capital to issue loans to non-associated enterprises. Violations of SAFE Circular 19 or Circular 16 could result in administrative penalties.
From 2012, SAFE has promulgated several circulars to substantially amend and simplify the current foreign exchange procedure. Pursuant to these circulars, the opening of various special purpose foreign
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exchange accounts, the reinvestment of RMB proceeds by foreign investors in the PRC and remittance of foreign exchange profits and dividends by a foreign-invested enterprise to its foreign shareholders no longer require the approval or verification of SAFE. In addition, domestic companies are no longer limited to extend cross-border loans to their offshore subsidiaries but are also allowed to provide loans to their offshore parents and affiliates and multiple capital accounts for the same entity may be opened in different provinces. SAFE also promulgated the Circular on Printing and Distributing the Provisions on Foreign Exchange Administration over Domestic Direct Investment by Foreign Investors and the Supporting Documents in May 2013, which specifies that the administration by SAFE or its local branches over direct investment by foreign investors in the PRC shall be conducted by way of registration and banks shall process foreign exchange business relating to the direct investment in the PRC based on the registration information provided by SAFE and its branches. In February 2015, SAFE promulgated SAFE Circular 13, which took effect on June 1, 2015. SAFE Circular 13 delegates the power to enforce the foreign exchange registration in connection with inbound and outbound direct investments under relevant SAFE rules from local branches of SAFE to banks, thereby further simplifying the foreign exchange registration procedures for inbound and outbound direct investments.
On January 26, 2017, SAFE issued the Notice of State Administration of Foreign Exchange on Improving the Check of Authenticity and Compliance to Further Promote Foreign Exchange Control (the “SAFE Circular 3”), which stipulates several capital control measures with respect to the outbound remittance of profit from domestic entities to offshore entities, including (i) under the principle of genuine transaction, banks shall check board resolutions regarding profit distribution, the original version of tax filing records and audited financial statements; and (ii) domestic entities shall hold income to account for previous years’ losses before remitting the profits. Moreover, pursuant to SAFE Circular 3, domestic entities shall make detailed explanations of the sources of capital and utilization arrangements, and provide board resolutions, contracts and other proof when completing the registration procedures in connection with an outbound investment.
Regulations Relating to Offshore Special Purpose Companies Held by PRC Residents
SAFE promulgated the Circular on Relevant Issues Relating to Domestic Resident’s Investment and Financing and Roundtrip Investment through Special Purpose Vehicles (the “SAFE Circular 37”) in July 2014 that requires PRC residents or entities to register with SAFE or its local branch in connection with their establishment or control of an offshore entity established for the purpose of overseas investment or financing. In addition, such PRC residents or entities must update their SAFE registrations when the offshore special purpose vehicle undergoes material events relating to any change of basic information (including change of such PRC citizens or residents, name and operation term), increases or decreases in investment amount, transfers or exchanges of shares, or mergers or divisions.
SAFE Circular 37 was issued to replace SAFE Circular 75 (the Notice on Relevant Issues Concerning Foreign Exchange Administration for PRC Residents Engaging in Financing and Roundtrip Investments via Overseas Special Purpose Vehicles. SAFE further enacted the Notice on Further Simplifying and Improving the Foreign Exchange Management Policies for Direct Investment (the “SAFE Circular 13”) effective from June 1, 2015, , which allows PRC residents or entities to register with qualified banks in connection with their establishment or control of an offshore entity established for the purpose of overseas investment or financing. However, remedial registration applications made by PRC residents that previously failed to comply with the SAFE Circular 37 continue to fall under the jurisdiction of the relevant local branch of SAFE. In the event that a PRC shareholder holding interests in a special purpose vehicle fails to fulfill the required SAFE registration, the PRC subsidiaries of that special purpose vehicle may be prohibited from distributing profits to the offshore parent and from carrying out subsequent cross-border foreign exchange activities, and the special purpose vehicle may be restricted in its ability to contribute additional capital into its PRC subsidiary. Moreover, failure to comply with the various SAFE registration requirements described above could result in liability under PRC law for evasion of foreign exchange controls.
See “Risk Factors — Risks Related to Doing Business in China — PRC regulations relating to offshore investment activities by PRC residents and PRC entities may limit our PRC subsidiaries’ ability to increase their registered capital or distribute profits to us or otherwise expose us to liability and penalties under PRC law.”
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SAFE Regulations Relating to Employee Stock Incentive Plans
On February 15, 2012, SAFE promulgated the Notices on Issues Concerning the Foreign Exchange Administration for Domestic Individuals Participating in Stock Incentive Plans of Overseas Publicly-Listed Companies (the “Stock Option Rules”), which replaced the Application Procedures of Foreign Exchange Administration for Domestic Individuals Participating in Employee Stock Ownership Plans or Stock Option Plans of Overseas Publicly-Listed Companies issued by SAFE on March 28, 2007. Under the Stock Option Rules and other relevant rules and regulations, PRC residents who participate in a stock incentive plan in an overseas publicly listed company are required to register with SAFE or its local branches and complete certain other procedures. Participants of a stock incentive plan who are PRC residents must retain a qualified PRC agent, which could be a PRC subsidiary of such overseas publicly listed company or another qualified institution selected by such PRC subsidiary, to conduct the SAFE registration and other procedures with respect to the stock incentive plan on behalf of its participants. Such participants must also retain an overseas entrusted institution to handle matters in connection with their exercise of stock options, the purchase and sale of corresponding shares or interests and fund transfers. In addition, the PRC agent is required to amend the SAFE registration with respect to our share incentive plans if there are any material changes to the share incentive plans, the PRC agent or the overseas entrusted institution or other material changes. We and our PRC employees who have been granted incentive shares will be subject to these regulations upon the completion of this offering. In addition, SAFE Circular 37 provides that PRC residents who participate in a share incentive plan of an overseas unlisted special purpose company may register with SAFE or its local branches before exercising rights. See “Risk Factors — Risks Related to Doing Business in China — Any failure to comply with PRC regulations regarding the registration requirements for employee stock incentive plans may subject the PRC plan participants or us to fines and other legal or administrative sanctions.”
Regulations Related to Tax
Under the PRC Enterprise Income Tax Law (the “EIT Law”), which became effective on January 1, 2008, an enterprise established outside the PRC with “de facto management bodies” within the PRC is considered a “resident enterprise” for PRC enterprise income tax purposes and is generally subject to a uniform 25% enterprise income tax rate on its worldwide income. In 2009, the SAT issued the Notice Regarding the Determination of Chinese-Controlled Overseas Incorporated Enterprises as PRC Tax Resident Enterprise on the Basis of De Facto Management Bodies (the “SAT Circular 82”), which provides certain specific criteria for determining whether the “de facto management body” of a PRC-controlled enterprise that is incorporated offshore is located in China. Further to SAT Circular 82, in 2011, the SAT issued the Administrative Measures for Enterprise Income Tax of Chinese-Controlled Offshore Incorporated Resident Enterprises (Trial) (the “SAT Bulletin 45”) to provide more guidance on the implementation of SAT Circular 82.
According to SAT Circular 82, an offshore incorporated enterprise controlled by a PRC enterprise or a PRC enterprise group will be considered a PRC resident enterprise by virtue of having its “de facto management body” in China and will be subject to PRC enterprise income tax on its worldwide income only if all of the following conditions are met: (a) the senior management and core management departments in charge of its daily operations function have their presence mainly in the PRC; (b) its financial and human resources decisions are subject to determination or approval by persons or bodies in the PRC; (c) its major assets, accounting books, company seals, and minutes and files of its board of directors and shareholders’ meetings are located or kept in the PRC; and (d) more than half of the enterprise’s directors or senior management with voting rights habitually reside in the PRC.
Although SAT Circular 82 and SAT Bulletin 45 only apply to offshore-incorporated enterprises controlled by PRC enterprises or PRC enterprise groups and not those controlled by PRC individuals or foreigners, the determination criteria set forth therein may reflect the SAT’s general position on how the term “de facto management body” could be applied in determining the tax resident status of offshore enterprises, regardless of whether they are controlled by PRC enterprises, individuals or foreigners.
The State Administration of Taxation has promulgated several rules and notices to tighten the scrutiny over acquisition transactions in recent years, including the Notice on Strengthening Administration of Enterprise Income Tax for Share Transfers by Non-PRC Resident Enterprises (the “SAT Circular 698”), the
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Notice on Several Issues Regarding the Income Tax of Non-PRC Resident Enterprises (the “SAT Circular 24”) and the Notice on Certain Corporate Income Tax Matters on Indirect Transfer of Properties by Non-PRC Resident Enterprises (the “SAT Circular 7”). Pursuant to these rules and notices, if a non-PRC resident enterprise transfers its equity interests in a PRC tax resident enterprise, such non-PRC resident transferor must report to the tax authorities at the place where the PRC tax resident enterprise is located and is subject to a PRC withholding tax of up to 10%. In addition, if a non-PRC resident enterprise indirectly transfers so-called PRC Taxable Properties, referring to properties of an establishment or a place of business in China, real estate properties in China and equity investments in a PRC tax resident enterprise, by disposition of the equity interests in an overseas non-public holding company without a reasonable commercial purpose and resulting in the avoidance of PRC enterprise income tax, the transfer will be re-characterized as a direct transfer of the PRC Taxable Properties and gains derived from the transfer may be subject to a PRC withholding tax of up to 10%. SAT Circular 7 has listed several factors to be taken into consideration by the tax authorities in determining if an indirect transfer has a reasonable commercial purpose. However, regardless of these factors, an indirect transfer satisfying all the following criteria will be deemed to lack a reasonable commercial purpose and be taxable in the PRC: (i) 75% or more of the equity value of the intermediary enterprise being transferred is derived directly or indirectly from PRC Taxable Properties; (ii) at any time during the one year period before the indirect transfer, 90% or more of the asset value of the intermediary enterprise (excluding cash) is comprised directly or indirectly of investments in the PRC, or 90% or more of its income is derived directly or indirectly from the PRC; (iii) the functions performed and risks assumed by the intermediary enterprise and any of its subsidiaries that directly or indirectly hold the PRC Taxable Properties are limited and are insufficient to prove their economic substance; and (iv) the foreign tax payable on the gain derived from the indirect transfer of the PRC Taxable Properties is lower than the potential PRC tax on the direct transfer of those assets. On the other hand, indirect transfers falling into the scope of the safe harbors under SAT Circular 7 may not be subject to PRC tax. The safe harbors include qualified group restructurings, public market trades and exemptions under tax treaties.
Under SAT Circular 7 and other PRC tax regulations, in the case of an indirect transfer, entities or individuals obligated to pay the transfer price to the transferor must act as withholding agents and are required to withhold the PRC tax from the transfer price. If they fail to do so, the seller is required to report and pay the PRC tax to the PRC tax authorities. If neither party complies with the tax payment or withholding obligations under SAT Circular 7, the tax authority may impose penalties such as late payment interest on the seller. In addition, the tax authority may also hold the withholding agents liable and impose a penalty of 50% to 300% of the unpaid tax on them. The penalty imposed on the purchasers may be reduced or waived if the withholding agents have submitted the relevant materials in connection with the indirect transfer to the PRC tax authorities in accordance with SAT Circular 7.
Regulations Related to Mergers and Acquisitions
On August 8, 2006, six PRC regulatory agencies, including the CSRC, promulgated the Regulations on Mergers and Acquisitions of Domestic Enterprises by Foreign Investors (the “M&A Rules”), which became effective on September 8, 2006 and were amended on June 22, 2009. The M&A Rules, among other things, require offshore special purpose vehicles formed for overseas listing purposes through acquisitions of PRC domestic companies and controlled by PRC domestic enterprises or individuals to obtain the approval of the CSRC prior to publicly listing their securities on an overseas stock exchange. On September 21, 2006, the CSRC published a notice specifying the documents and materials that are required to be submitted for obtaining CSRC approval.
The M&A Rules, and other recently adopted regulations and rules concerning mergers and acquisitions established additional procedures and requirements that could make merger and acquisition activities by foreign investors more time consuming and complex. For example, the M&A Rules require that MOFCOM be notified in advance of any change-of-control transaction in which a foreign investor takes control of a PRC domestic enterprise, if  (i) any important industry is concerned, (ii) such transaction involves factors that impact or may impact national economic security, or (iii) such transaction will lead to a change in control of a domestic enterprise which holds a famous trademark or PRC time-honored brand. Moreover, the Anti-Monopoly Law promulgated by the Standing Committee of the National People’s Congress on August 30, 2007 and effective as of August 1, 2008 requires that transactions which are
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deemed concentrations and involve parties with specified turnover thresholds must be cleared by MOFCOM before they can be completed. In addition, on February 3, 2011, the General Office of the State Council promulgated a Notice on Establishing the Security Review System for Mergers and Acquisitions of Domestic Enterprises by Foreign Investors (the “Circular 6”), which officially established a security review system for mergers and acquisitions of domestic enterprises by foreign investors. Further, on August 25, 2011, MOFCOM promulgated the Regulations on Implementation of Security Review System for the Merger and Acquisition of Domestic Enterprises by Foreign Investors (the “MOFCOM Security Review Regulations”), which became effective on September 1, 2011, to implement Circular 6. Under Circular 6, a security review is required for mergers and acquisitions by foreign investors having “national defense and security” concerns and mergers and acquisitions by which foreign investors may acquire the “de facto control” of domestic enterprises with “national security” concerns. Under the MOFCOM Security Review Regulations, MOFCOM will focus on the substance and actual impact of the transaction when deciding whether a specific merger or acquisition is subject to security review. If MOFCOM decides that a specific merger or acquisition is subject to security review, it will submit it to the Inter-Ministerial Panel, an authority established under Circular 6 led by the NDRC and MOFCOM under the leadership of the State Council, to carry out the security review. The regulations prohibit foreign investors from bypassing the security review by structuring transactions through trusts, indirect investments, leases, loans, control through contractual arrangements or offshore transactions. There is no explicit provision or official interpretation stating that the merger or acquisition of a company engaged in the marketplace lending business requires security review.
Employees
As of the date of this prospectus, we had a total of 32 full-time employees. The following table sets forth the breakdown of our employees by function:

Function | ​ | ​ | Number of Employees | ​
Management | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 2 | ​ | ​
Technology | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 9 | ​ | ​
Risk Management | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 5 | ​ | ​
Operations | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 7 | ​ | ​
Human Resources | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 3 | ​ | ​
Business Development | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 3 | ​ | ​
Finance and Accounting | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 3 | ​ | ​
Total | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 32 | ​ | ​

All of our employees were based in Chengdu, where our principal executive offices are located.
We believe we offer our employees competitive compensation packages and a work environment that encourages initiative and is based on merit, and as a result, we have generally been able to attract and retain qualified personnel and maintain a stable core management team. We plan to hire additional employees as we expand our business.
As required by PRC regulations, we participate in various government statutory employee benefit plans, including social insurance funds, namely a pension contribution plan, a medical insurance plan, an unemployment insurance plan, a work-related injury insurance plan and a maternity insurance plan and a housing provident fund. We are required under PRC law to make contributions to employee benefit plans at specified percentages of the salaries, bonuses and certain allowances of our employees, up to a maximum amount specified by the local government from time to time. We have not made adequate employee benefit payments, and may be required to make up the contributions for these plans as well as to pay late fees and fines. See “Risk Factors — Risks Related to Doing Business in China — Failure to make adequate contributions to various employee benefit plans as required by PRC regulations may subject us to penalties.”
We enter into standard labor and confidentiality agreements with each of our employees. We believe that we maintain a good working relationship with our employees, and we have not experienced any major labor disputes.
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Facilities
Our principal executive offices are located on leased premises comprising an aggregate of 964 square meters in Chengdu, China under lease agreements that expire in 2019 and 2020. We believe that our facilities are adequate for our current needs.
Intellectual Property
We regard our trademarks, domain names, know-how, proprietary technologies and similar intellectual property as critical to our success, and we rely on trademark and trade secret law and confidentiality, invention assignment and non-compete agreements with our employees and others to protect our proprietary rights. We have made 12 trademark applications, all of which are pending with the Trademark Office under the State Administration for Industry and Commerce of the PRC. We also acquired one trademark from a third party and are in the process of registering the transfer with the Trademark Office of PRC. We have also registered numerous domain names, including www.ihongsen.com.
Despite our efforts to protect our proprietary rights, unauthorized parties may attempt to copy or otherwise obtain and use our technology. Monitoring unauthorized use of our technology is difficult and costly, and we cannot be certain that the steps we have taken will prevent misappropriation of our technology. From time to time, we may have to resort to litigation to enforce our intellectual property rights, which could result in substantial costs and diversion of our resources.
In addition, third parties may initiate litigation against us alleging infringement of their proprietary rights or declaring their non-infringement of our intellectual property rights. In the event of a successful claim of infringement and our failure or inability to develop non-infringing technology or license the infringed or similar technology on a timely basis, our business could be harmed. Moreover, even if we are able to license the infringed or similar technology, license fees could be substantial and may adversely affect our results of operations.
See “Risk Factors — Risks Related to Our Business — We may not be able to prevent others from unauthorized use of our intellectual property, which could harm our business and competitive position.” and “— We may be subject to intellectual property infringement claims, which may be expensive to defend and may disrupt our business and operations.”
Data Policy
We have adopted a strict internal data policy relating to the confidential information of our borrowers, investors and partners, as well as our own confidential information. This policy establishes day-to-day data use requirements, data and information classifications, data encryption requirements, back-up requirements, approval procedures and user rights for confidential information and data. This policy also specifies the manner in which data must be stored. We require each of our employees to agree in writing to abide by the data policy and protect the confidentiality of our data.
Insurance
We provide social security insurance including pension insurance, unemployment insurance, work-related injury insurance and medical insurance for our employees. We do no maintain any property insurance policies, business interruption insurance or general third-party liability insurance, nor do we maintain product liability insurance or key-man insurance. We consider our insurance coverage to be sufficient for our business operations in China.
Legal Proceedings
We are currently not a party to any material legal or administrative proceedings. We may from time to time be subject to various legal or administrative claims and proceedings arising in the ordinary course of business. Litigation or any other legal or administrative proceeding, regardless of the outcome, is likely to result in substantial cost and diversion of our resources, including our management’s time and attention.
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MANAGEMENT
The following table sets forth the name, age, and position of our officers, directors and director nominee as of the date of this prospectus. Each director holds his office until his successor is elected and qualified or his earlier resignation or removal. Each executive officer holds his office until he resigns, is removed by the Board, or his successor is elected and qualified.

Name | ​ | ​ | Age | ​ | ​ | Position | ​
Xin Chen | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 47 | ​ | ​ | ​ | Chief Executive Officer | ​
Rong Zhu | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 39 | ​ | ​ | ​ | Chief Financial Officer and Treasurer | ​
Chunhai Li | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 33 | ​ | ​ | ​ | Chief Technology Officer | ​
Xiaojuan Lin | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 52 | ​ | ​ | ​ | Director | ​
Xiang Hu | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 35 | ​ | ​ | ​ | Director | ​
Xi Wen | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 34 | ​ | ​ | ​ | Chairman of the Board, President and Secretary | ​
Yulei Rao | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 53 | ​ | ​ | ​ | Director | ​
Trent D. Davis | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 50 | ​ | ​ | ​ | Director nominee* | ​

​
*
Has agreed to serve on our board of directors upon our putting in place director and officer liability insurance, which we intend to obtain by no later than the closing of this offering.
​
Xin Chen has been serving as Chief Executive Officer of the Company since July 20, 2017. She joined Sichuan Senmiao in September 2016 and has served as Deputy General Manager and General Manager of Sichuan Senmiao since then. From September 2014 to August 2016, Ms. Chen acted as Deputy General Manager of Beijing Zhongdingjiaye Investment Management Co. where she was response for setting up the Company’s internet finance platform, developing new business, establishing risk management system, and coordinating with corporate financing and accounting management. From November 2007 to August 2014, Ms. Chen was with Shengxin International Group where she held various managerial positions and was responsible for the group’s accounting, tax and finance management and also in charge of overall project management and financing program management. Ms. Chen holds a Bachelor’s degree in Accounting from Tianjin Finance University in Tianjin, China.
Rong Zhu has been serving as Chief Financial Officer of the Company and Treasurer since July 20, 2017. She has over 20 years of experience in finance and accounting. Ms. Zhu has been Finance Manager of Sichuan Senmiao since February 2017, where she manages various aspects of Sichuan Senmiao’s accounting and finance, including budgeting, planning and risk management. From September 2014 to January 2017, Ms. Zhu served as Finance Manager of Jincai Technology Group, where she was in charge of the group’s financial statements preparation, budget analysis and risk management. From October 2010 to August 2014, she served as the Finance Manager of Hunan Jinfengxin Telecommunication Equipment Co. Ltd., where she managed the company’s finance department and made decisions in relation to accounting procedures, financial statements preparation, financing strategies implementation and budgeting. Prior to joining Hunan Jinfengxin, Ms. Zhu served as Finance Manager of Hunan Senhuo Yijia Trading Co. Ltd. and also held various accounting positions at Changsha Jinling Machine Equipment Co. Ltd. Ms. Zhu holds a Bachelor’s degree in accounting from Wuhan University in Wuhan, China. She is a certified public accountant.
Chunhai Li has been serving as the Chief Technology Officer of the Company since July 20, 2017 and Chief Technology Officer of Sichuan Senmiao since September 2016. Before joining Sichuan Senmiao, he was the Director of Research and Development of Beijing Huashengtiancheng Technology Co., Ltd. from October 2014 to August 2016, where he was charge of the development of bank data platform and team management. Prior to that, he was the Director of Research and Development at Zhongkesanyang (Beijing) Technology Co., Ltd from February 2013 to September 2014, primarily responsible for the organization of the Company and technology team as well as management of technology and operations. From October 2007 to February 2013, he was the project manager for online banking at Beijing Yuxinyicheng Technology Co., Ltd, where he participated in and managed the online banking projects for many banks. Mr. Li received his bachelor’s degree in computer science from University of Electronic Science and Technology of China.
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Xi Wen has been serving as President, Secretary and Director of the Company since June 2017 and was appointed chairman of the board on July 20, 2017. Mr. Wen has over 10 years of experience in finance and investment management. He has been serving as Executive Director of Sichuan Senmiao since February 2017, in charge of all aspects of Senmiao’s online lending platform operations. Immediately prior to joining Senmiao, Mr. Wen served as a director of Chenghexin, where he was responsible for overseeing the operations of the Aihongsen lending platform from May 2015 to February 2017. He also founded Chengdu Fubang Zhuoyue Investment Co. in September 2013 and served as General Manager until May 2015. From January 2009 to August 2013, Mr. Wen was the General Manager of Chengdu Haiyuan Trading Co., Ltd.., in charge of the company’s daily operations. Mr. Wen holds a Bachelor’s degree in Business and Economics from Manchester Metropolitan University in Manchester, United Kingdom.
Xiang Hu has been a director of the Company since July 20, 2017. Mr. Hu previously served as General Manager of Hong Kong Boen Investment Management Co. Ltd. from May 2013 to December 2016. For the period from December 2010 to April 2013, Mr. Hu served as Business Department Manager of Changsha Junlong Light Industrial Products Co., Ltd. He also acted as Deputy General Manager of Changzhou Jintan Apollo Biological Products Co. Ltd. from August 2004 and December 2010. Mr. Hu also served as Senior Manager of Shenzhen Shidian Technology Development Co. Ltd. from September 2000 to July 2003. He holds an Associate degree from Anhua Vocational Technical School in Anhui, China.
Xiaojuan Lin has been a director of the Company since July 20, 2017. Since March 2011, Ms. Lin has been the legal representative and Executive General Manager of Hunan Dinchengtai Investment Co. Ltd. She previously served as Deputy General Manager and Finance Manager of Hunan Xinhongxin Group from April 2004 to February 2010 where she was in charge of the group’s finance, tax and accounting matters. From August 2000 to March 2004, Ms. Lin served as Finance Manager for Northwest Region at Tianjin Jiashijian Commercial Group, where she managed the group’s finance, tax and accounting matters. She also acted as Budgeting and Accounting Manager of Cygent Hotel from 1986 to 2000. Ms. Hu holds a Bachelor’s degree in Statistics from Hunan Finance University in Hunan, China. She is a certified public accountant in China.
Yulei Rao has been a director of the Company since July 20, 2017. Dr. Yao is a professor at the Business School of Central South University (“CSU”) and focuses her researches on capital market, corporate finance and corporate governance. She has been serving as the director of CSU Financial Innovation Research Center since June 2007 and Doctor Tutor of CSU Business School since December 12, 2002. Dr. Yao is currently serving as independent directors at various public companies in China, including Lens Technology Co., Ltd. since January 2015, Hunan Gold Co., Ltd since May 2015 and Guoke Microelectronics Co., Ltd. since December 2016. In addition, she served as independent directors of Staidson (Beijing) Biopharmaceutical Co., Ltd. from September 2009 to September 2015, Kingray New Materials Science & Technology Co., Ltd. from January 2011 to 2015, and Xinzhi Motor Co., Ltd. from October 2011 to October 2014) . Dr. Yao holds a bachelor’s degree in mining engineering from Chongqing University, a master’s degree in mining economy and a doctor’s degree in management science and engineering from CSU.
Trent D. Davis, will be an independent director upon our putting in place director and officer liability insurance, which we intend to obtain no later than the closing of this offering. Mr. Davis has extensive experience in capital markets and brokerage operations and is credited with overseeing the syndication of approximately $600 million for over 50 client companies in both public and private transactions. Since December 2014, he has been serving as President and Chief Operating Officer of Whitestone Investment Network, Inc., which specializes in providing executive advisory services to small entrepreneurial companies, as well as restructuring, recapitalizing, and making strategic investments in small to midsized companies. From November 2013 until July 2014, Mr. Davis served as the President and a director of Paulson Capital Corp. (Nasdaq: PLCC) until he successfully completed the reverse merger of Paulson with VBI Vaccines (Nasdaq: VBIV). Mr. Davis was also the Chief Executive Officer of Paulson Investment Company, a subsidiary of Paulson Capital Corp, from July 2005 until October 2014, where he supervised all operations and over 200 investment representatives overseeing $1.5 billion in client assets. Prior to that, commencing in 1996, Mr. Davis served as Senior Vice President of Syndicate and National Sales of Paulson Investment Company, Inc.
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Mr. Davis has also served as a director at other public companies. Currently, Mr. Davis is Lead Director, chairman of the compensation committee and member of the audit and nominating and governance committees for Eastside Distilling Inc. (OTCQB: ESDI), a manufacturer of high-quality, master-crafted spirits. From July 2014 to May 2017, Mr. Davis was Lead Director, chairman of the nominating and governance and special investments committees and member of the audit and compensation committees of Dataram Corporation (Nasdaq: DRAM), a company that develops, manufactures, and markets memory products primarily used in enterprise servers and workstations worldwide. Previously, from December 2014 to July 2015, Mr. Davis was Chairman of the Board for Majesco Entertainment Company (Nasdaq: COOL), an innovative developer, marketer, publisher, and distributor of interactive entertainment for consumers around the world. In 2003, Mr. Davis served as a Chairman and board member of the National Investment Banking Association.
Mr. Davis was previously subject to a FINRA investigation in connection with two private placements involving Paulson Investment Company, Inc., where he was a registered representative. Paulson and Mr. Davis entered into an Acceptance, Waiver and Consent in which they consented, without admitting, to FINRA’s finding that the accounts set up to hold investment funds in those placements at issue did not comply with the requirements of Rule 15c2-4 under the Exchange Act. Paulson and Mr. Davis agreed to a censure against them and a $10,000 fine for which they were jointly and severally liable.
Mr. Davis holds a B.S. in Business and Economics from Linfield College and an M.B.A. from the University of Portland and held the following FINRA Licenses: Series 7, 24, 63, 66, and 79.
Family Relationship
There are no family relationships, or other arrangements or understandings between or among any of the directors, executive officers or other person pursuant to which such person was selected to serve as a director or officer.
Board Committees
Upon the closing of this offering, our Board of Directors will have an Audit Committee, Compensation Committee, and Nomination and Corporate Governance Committee. Each committee’s members and functions are described below.
Audit Committee. Our audit committee consists of Ms. Lin and Dr. Rao, and is chaired by Ms. Lin. We expect Mr. Davis will also serve on this committee. Each of our audit committee members satisfies the “independence” requirements of the Nasdaq listing rules of and meet the independence standards under Rule 10A-3 under the Exchange Act. We have determined that Ms. Lin qualifies as an “audit committee financial expert.” The audit committee oversees our accounting and financial reporting processes and the audits of the financial statements of our company. The audit committee is responsible for, among other things:
•
selecting the independent registered public accounting firm and pre-screening all auditing and non-auditing services permitted to be performed by the independent registered public accounting firm;
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•
reviewing with the independent registered public accounting firm any audit problems or difficulties and management’s response;
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•
reviewing and approving all proposed related party transactions, as defined in Item 404 of Regulation S-K under the Securities Act;
​
•
discussing the annual audited financial statements with management and the independent registered public accounting firm;
​
•
reviewing the adequacy of our internal controls and any special audit steps adopted in light of material control deficiencies;
​
•
annually reviewing and reassessing the adequacy of our audit committee charter;
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•
meeting separately and periodically with management and the independent registered public accounting firm; and
​
•
reporting to the board of directors.
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Compensation Committee. Our compensation committee consists of Ms. Lin and Dr. Rao and is chaired by Dr. Rao. We expect Mr. Davis will also serve on this committee. Each of the compensation committee members satisfies the “independence” requirements of the listing rules of Nasdaq. The compensation committee assists the board of directors in reviewing and approving the compensation structure, including all forms of compensation, relating to our directors and executive officers. Our executive officers may not be present at any committee meeting during which their compensation is deliberated upon. The compensation committee is responsible for, among other things:
•
reviewing the total compensation package for our executive officers and making recommendations to the board of directors with respect to it;
​
•
approving and overseeing the total compensation package for our executives other than the three most senior executives;
​
•
reviewing the compensation of our directors and making recommendations to the board of directors with respect to it; and
​
•
periodically reviewing and approving any long-term incentive compensation or equity plans, programs or similar arrangements, annual bonuses, and employee pension and welfare benefit plans.
​
Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee. Our nominating and corporate governance committee consists of Ms. Lin and Dr. Rao, and is chaired by Ms. Lin. We expect Mr. Davis will also serve on this committee. Each member of our nominating and corporate governance commit satisfies the “independence” requirements of the Nasdaq listing rules. The nominating and corporate governance committee assists the board of directors in selecting individuals qualified to become our directors and in determining the composition of the board of directors and its committees. The nominating and corporate governance committee is responsible for, among other things:
•
recommending nominees to the board of directors for election or re-election to the board of directors, or for appointment to fill any vacancy on the board of directors;
​
•
reviewing annually with the board of directors the current composition of the board of directors with regards to characteristics such as independence, age, skills, experience and availability of service to us;
​
•
selecting and recommending to the board of directors the names of directors to serve as members of the audit committee and the compensation committee, as well as of the nominating and corporate governance committee itself; and
​
•
monitoring compliance with our code of business conduct and ethics, including reviewing the adequacy and effectiveness of our procedures to ensure proper compliance.
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Director Independence
Currently Mr. Davis, Ms. Lin and Dr. Rao would each be considered an “independent director” under the Nasdaq listing rules, which is defined generally as a person other than an officer or employee of the company or its subsidiaries or any other individual having a relationship, which, in the opinion of the company’s board of directors would interfere with the director’s exercise of independent judgment in carrying out the responsibilities of a director. Our independent directors will have regularly scheduled meetings at which only independent directors are present.
Code of Ethics
We will adopt a written code of ethics that applies to all of our directors, officers and employees in accordance with the rules of the Nasdaq Stock Market and the SEC. We will file a copy of our form of Code of Ethics as an exhibit to the registration statement of which this prospectus is a part. You will be able to review these documents by accessing our public filings at the SEC’s web site at www.sec.gov. In
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addition, a copy of the Code of Ethics will be provided without charge upon request from us. We intend to disclose any amendments to or waivers of certain provisions of our Code of Ethics in a Current Report on Form 8-K. See “Where You Can Find Additional Information.”
Involvement in Certain Legal Proceedings
Other than proceedings disclosed herein, none of our directors and executive officers have been involved in any of the following events during the past ten years:
1.
any bankruptcy petition filed by or against such person or any business of which such person was a general partner or executive officer either at the time of the bankruptcy or within two years prior to that time;
​
2.
any conviction in a criminal proceeding or being subject to a pending criminal proceeding (excluding traffic violations and other minor offenses);
​
3.
being subject to any order, judgment, or decree, not subsequently reversed, suspended or vacated, of any court of competent jurisdiction, permanently or temporarily enjoining him from or otherwise limiting his involvement in any type of business, securities or banking activities or to be associated with any person practicing in banking or securities activities;
​
4.
being found by a court of competent jurisdiction in a civil action, the SEC or the Commodity Futures Trading Commission to have violated a federal or state securities or commodities law, and the judgment has not been reversed, suspended, or vacated;
​
5.
being subject of, or a party to, any federal or state judicial or administrative order, judgment decree, or finding, not subsequently reversed, suspended or vacated, relating to an alleged violation of any federal or state securities or commodities law or regulation, any law or regulation respecting financial institutions or insurance companies, or any law or regulation prohibiting mail or wire fraud or fraud in connection with any business entity; or
​
6.
being subject of or party to any sanction or order, not subsequently reversed, suspended, or vacated, of any self-regulatory organization, any registered entity or any equivalent exchange, association, entity or organization that has disciplinary authority over its members or persons associated with a member.
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Compensation Committee Interlocks and Insider Participation
None of the members of our Compensation Committee is or has been an officer or employee of our Company. None of our officers and directors currently serves, or in the past year has served, as a member of the compensation committee or other board committee performing equivalent functions of any entity that has one or more executive officers serving on our board of directors or Compensation Committee.
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EXECUTIVE COMPENSATION
Summary Compensation Table
The following table sets forth the cash and non-cash compensation awarded to or earned by: (i) each individual who served as the principal executive officer and principal financial officer of our company during the years ended March 31, 2017 and 2016. For purposes of this document, these individuals are collectively the “named executive officers” of the Company.

Name and principal position | ​ | ​ | Year | ​ | ​ | Salary ($) | ​ | ​ | Bonus ($) | ​ | ​ | Stock awards ($) | ​ | ​ | Option awards ($) | ​ | ​ | Non equity incentive plan compensation ($) | ​ | ​ | Nonqualified deferred compensation earnings ($) | ​ | ​ | All other compensation ($) | ​ | ​ | Total ($) | ​
Xin Chen, Chief Executive Officer | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 2017 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 15,601 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 15,601(1) | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | ​ | 2016 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​
Rong Zhu, Chief Financial Officer and Treasurer | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 2017 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 4,457 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 4,457(2) | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | ​ | 2016 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​
Chunhai Li, Chief Technology Officer | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 2017 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 5,977 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 5,977(3) | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | ​ | 2016 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​

​
(1)
The amount represents the salaries Ms. Chen received from Sichuan Senmiao for her services as chief executive officer during the year ended March 31, 2017.
​
(2)
The amount represents the salaries Ms. Zhu received from Sichuan Senmiao for her services as chief financial officer during the year ended March 31, 2017.
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(3)
The amounts represent the salaries Mr. Li received from Sichuan Senmiao for his services as chief technology officer during the year ended March 31, 2017.
​
Employment Agreements and Potential Payments Upon Termination
Xin Chen, Chief Executive Officer.
Ms. Chen serves as Chief Executive Officer of the Company pursuant to an employment agreement dated July 20, 2017. Under her employment agreement, Ms. Chen is entitled to an annual salary of  $1.00 for her services Chief Executive Officer of the Company. Her employment has an initial term of one year and is subject to successive, automatic one-year extensions unless either party gives notice of non-extension to the other party at least 30 days prior to the end of the applicable term.
We may terminate Ms. Chen’s employment for cause, at any time, without notice or remuneration, for certain acts of the executive officer, such as conviction or plea of guilty to a felony or grossly negligent or dishonest acts to our detriment, or misconduct or a failure to perform agreed duties. In such case, Ms. Chen will not be entitled to receive payment of any severance benefits or other amounts by reason of the termination, and her right to all other benefits will terminate, except as required by any applicable law. We may also terminate Ms. Chen’s employment without cause upon 30 days’ advance written notice. In such case of termination by us, we are required to provide the following severance payments and benefits to her: (1) a lump sum cash payment equal to 3 months of her base salary as of the date of such termination; (2) a lump sum cash payment equal to a pro-rated amount of her target annual bonus for the year immediately preceding the termination, if any; (3) payment of premiums for continued health benefits under the Company’s health plans for 3 months following the termination, if any; and (4) immediate vesting of 100% of the then-unvested portion of any outstanding equity awards held by her.
Ms. Chen may terminate her employment at any time with 30 days’ advance written notice if there is any significant change in her duties and responsibilities or a material reduction in her annual salary. In such case, Ms. Chen will be entitled to receive compensation equivalent to 3 months of her base salary.
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Ms. Chen has agreed to hold, both during and after the termination of her employment agreement, in strict confidence and not to use, except as required in the performance of her duties in connection with the employment, any of our confidential information or proprietary information of any third party received by us and for which we have confidential obligations. In addition, she has agreed to be bound by non-competition and non-solicitation restrictions during the term of her employment and for one year following termination of her employment.
Ms. Chen also serves as chief executive officer of Sichuan Senmiao pursuant to an employment agreement with Sichuan Senmiao for a term of three years ending September 12, 2019. Ms. Chen receives an annual salary of RMB 420,000 (approximately US$66,684) for her services and is entitled to benefits under PRC government statutory employee benefit plans.
Rong Zhu, Chief Financial Officer
Ms. Zhu serves as Chief Financial Officer of the Company pursuant to an employment agreement dated July 20, 2017. Under her employment agreement, Ms. Zhu is entitled to an annual salary of  $1.00 for her services Chief Financial Officer of the Company. Her employment has an initial term of one year and is subject to successive, automatic one-year extensions unless either party gives notice of non-extension to the other party at least 30 days prior to the end of the applicable term.
We may terminate Ms. Zhu’s employment for cause, at any time, without notice or remuneration, for certain acts of the executive officer, such as conviction or plea of guilty to a felony or grossly negligent or dishonest acts to our detriment, or misconduct or a failure to perform agreed duties. In such case, Ms. Zhu will not be entitled to receive payment of any severance benefits or other amounts by reason of the termination, and her right to all other benefits will terminate, except as required by any applicable law. We may also terminate Ms. Zhu’s employment without cause upon 30 days’ advance written notice. In such case of termination by us, we are required to provide the following severance payments and benefits to her: (1) a lump sum cash payment equal to 3 months of her base salary as of the date of such termination; (2) a lump sum cash payment equal to a pro-rated amount of her target annual bonus for the year immediately preceding the termination, if any; (3) payment of premiums for continued health benefits under the Company’s health plans for 3 months following the termination, if any; and (4) immediate vesting of 100% of the then-unvested portion of any outstanding equity awards held by her.
Ms. Zhu may terminate her employment at any time with 30 days’ advance written notice if there is any significant change in her duties and responsibilities or a material reduction in her annual salary. In such case, Ms. Zhu will be entitled to receive compensation equivalent to 3 months of her base salary.
Ms. Zhu has agreed to hold, both during and after the termination of her employment agreement, in strict confidence and not to use, except as required in the performance of her duties in connection with the employment, any of our confidential information or proprietary information of any third party received by us and for which we have confidential obligations. In addition, she has agreed to be bound by non-competition and non-solicitation restrictions during the term of her employment and for one year following termination of her employment.
Ms. Zhu also serves as chief financial officer of Sichuan Senmiao pursuant to an employment agreement with Sichuan Senmiao for a term of three years ending February 3, 2020. Ms. Zhu receives an annual salary of RMB 120,000 (approximately US$19,052) for her services and is entitled to benefits under PRC government statutory employee benefit plans.
Chunhai Li, Chief Technology Officer
Mr. Li serves as Chief Technology Officer of the Company pursuant to an employment agreement dated July 20, 2017. Under his employment agreement, Mr. Li is entitled to an annual salary of  $1.00 for his services Chief Technology Officer of the Company. His employment has an initial term of one year and is subject to successive, automatic one-year extensions unless either party gives notice of non-extension to the other party at least 30 days prior to the end of the applicable term.
We may terminate Mr. Li’s employment for cause, at any time, without notice or remuneration, for certain acts of the executive officer, such as conviction or plea of guilty to a felony or grossly negligent or
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dishonest acts to our detriment, or misconduct or a failure to perform agreed duties. In such case, Mr. Li will not be entitled to receive payment of any severance benefits or other amounts by reason of the termination, and his right to all other benefits will terminate, except as required by any applicable law. We may also terminate Mr. Li’s employment without cause upon 30 days’ advance written notice. In such case of termination by us, we are required to provide the following severance payments and benefits to him: (1) a lump sum cash payment equal to 3 months of his base salary as of the date of such termination; (2) a lump sum cash payment equal to a pro-rated amount of his target annual bonus for the year immediately preceding the termination, if any; (3) payment of premiums for continued health benefits under the Company’s health plans for 3 months following the termination, if any; and (4) immediate vesting of 100% of the then-unvested portion of any outstanding equity awards held by him.
Mr. Li may terminate his employment at any time with 30 days’ advance written notice if there is any significant change in his duties and responsibilities or a material reduction in his annual salary. In such case, Mr. Li will be entitled to receive compensation equivalent to 3 months of his base salary.
Mr. Li has agreed to hold, both during and after the termination of his employment agreement, in strict confidence and not to use, except as required in the performance of his duties in connection with the employment, any of our confidential information or proprietary information of any third party received by us and for which we have confidential obligations. In addition, he has agreed to be bound by non-competition and non-solicitation restrictions during the term of his employment and for one year following termination of his employment.
Mr. Li also serves as chief technology officer of Sichuan Senmiao pursuant to an employment agreement with Sichuan Senmiao for a term of three years ending September 12, 2019. Mr. Li receives an annual salary of RMB 122,004 (approximately US$19,371) for his services and is entitled to benefits under PRC government statutory employee benefit plans.
Equity Compensation Plan Information
We have not adopted any equity compensation plan.
Outstanding Equity Awards at Fiscal Year-End
As of March 31, 2017, we had no outstanding equity awards.
Director Compensation
We did not pay any compensation to our directors during the year ended March 31, 2017.
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CERTAIN RELATIONSHIPS AND RELATED TRANSACTIONS
We entered into loan agreements with Xiang Hu and Jun Wang, shareholders of our company, who agreed to grant a line of credit of approximating $922,700 and $153,700, respectively, for five years to us. The line of credit was not interest-bearing and effective from January 2017.
During the year ended March 31, 2017, we borrowed from Jun Wang and Xiang Hu, the shareholders of our company and Sichuan Senmiao, in the amount of   $44,574 and $297,162, respectively. These borrowings were non-interest bearing and without specific terms of repayment.
During the nine months ended December 31, 2017, we borrowed from Hu Xiang and Jun Wang, the shareholders of our company, in the amount of  $312,008 and $23,084, respectively. These borrowings were non-interest bearing and without specific terms of repayment.
During the nine months ended December 31, 2017, we paid on behalf of Xiang Hu and Jun Wang, the shareholders of our company and Sichuan Senmiao, who agreed to pay part of the Company’s expenses in connection with its initial public offering, in the amount of  $13,909 and $1,545, respectively. We accounted for the expenses as a deduction against the amount due to the shareholders.
During the year March 31, 2017, we leased our offices under two lease agreements, both with a term from January 1, 2017 to January 1, 2020. Both lease agreements were entered into between us and Hong Li, a shareholder and management member of Sichuan Senmiao. For the nine months ended December 31, 2017, we paid rental expenses of  $85,277 to Hong Li.
Following this offering, our audit committee must review and approve any related person transaction we propose to enter into. Our audit committee charter details the policies and procedures relating to transactions that may present actual, potential or perceived conflicts of interest and may raise questions as to whether such transactions are consistent with the best interest of our company and our stockholders.
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SECURITY OWNERSHIP OF CERTAIN BENEFICIAL OWNERS AND MANAGEMENT
As of the date of this prospectus, there were 22,500,000 shares of common stock outstanding. The following table sets forth certain information known to us with respect to the beneficial ownership of common stock as of that date by (i) each of our directors and director nominee, (ii) each of our executive officers, (iii) all of our directors, director nominee and executive officers as a group, and (iv) each person, or group of affiliated persons, whom we know to beneficially own more than 5% of our common stock.
Unless otherwise indicated, we believe that all persons named in the table have sole voting and investment power with respect to all shares beneficially owned by them.

​ | ​ | ​ | Prior to Offering | ​ | ​ | After Offering | ​
Name and Address of Beneficial Owner(1) | ​ | ​ | Amount and Nature of Beneficial Ownership | ​ | ​ | Approximate Percentage of Outstanding Shares(2) | ​ | ​ | Amount and Nature of Beneficial Ownership | ​ | ​ | Approximate Percentage of Outstanding Shares(3) | ​
5% Stockholders | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Senmiao International Investment Group Limited(4) | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 10,575,000 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 47% | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 10,575,000 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 41.1% | ​ | ​
THS Investment Group Limited(5) | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 1,687,500 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 7.5% | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 1,687,500 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 6.6% | ​ | ​
HSM Investment Group Limited(6) | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 1,912,500 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 8.5% | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 1,912,500 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 7.4% | ​ | ​
HSA Investment Group Limited(7) | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 2,475,000 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 11% | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 2,475,000 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 9.6% | ​ | ​
Officers and Directors | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Xin Chen | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​
Rong Zhu | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​
Chunhai Li | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​
Xi Wen(8) | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 1,122,750 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 4.99% | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 1,122,750 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 4.4% | ​ | ​
Xiang Hu(4) | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 10,575,000 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 47% | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 10,575,000 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 41.1% | ​ | ​
Xiaojuan Lin | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​
Yulei Rao | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​
Trent D. Davis | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​
All directors and executive officers as a group (eight individuals) | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 11,697,750 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 51.99% | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 11,697,750 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 45.4% | ​ | ​

​
(1)
Unless otherwise indicated, the business address of each of the individuals is 16F, Building A, Shihao Square, Middle Jiannan Avenue, High-Tech Zone, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.
​
(2)
Based on 22,500,000 shares immediately prior to this offering.
​
(3)
Based on 25,750,000 shares issued and outstanding immediately after this offering.
​
(4)
Mr. Xiang Hu does not hold any shares of common stock in our company directly. Mr. Hu, through Senmiao International Investment Group Limited a British Virgin Islands company wholly owned by him, owns 21,150,000 shares of common stock of the Company.
​
(5)
The natural person who exercises voting and dispositive power over the shares held by THS Investment Group Limited is Aiming Hu, who is the parent of Mr. Xiang Hu.
​
(6)
The natural person who exercises voting and dispositive power over the shares held by HSM Investment Group Limited is Chan Wang.
​
(7)
The natural person who exercises voting and dispositive power over the shares held by HSA Investment Group Limited is Wuyong Luo.
​
(8)
Includes 1,122,750 shares of common stock of the Company held beneficially by Mr. Wen’s spouse.
​
​
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DESCRIPTION OF SECURITIES
As of the date of this prospectus, we are authorized to issue 100,000,000 shares of common stock and 10,000,000 shares of preferred stock, par value $0.0001 per share. As of the date of this prospectus, 22,500,000 shares of common stock were issued and outstanding and no shares of preferred stock were issued and outstanding.
Common Stock
Each share of our common stock is entitled to one vote on all matters submitted to a vote of the stockholders, including the election of directors. Except as otherwise required by law, the holders of common stock will possess all voting power. Generally, all matters to be voted on by stockholders must be approved by a majority of the votes entitled to be cast by all shares of common stock that are present in person or represented by proxy. Holders of common stock representing a majority of our capital stock issued, outstanding and entitled to vote, represented in person or by proxy, are necessary to constitute a quorum at any meeting of our stockholders. The Company’s Articles of Incorporation do not provide for cumulative voting in the election of directors. Holders of common stock have no pre-emptive rights, no conversion rights and there are no redemption provisions applicable to the common stock.
Preferred Stock
Our board of directors has the authority to issue preferred stock in one or more classes or series and to fix the designations, powers, preferences and rights, and the qualifications, limitations or restrictions thereof, including dividend rights, conversion right, voting rights, terms of redemption, liquidation preferences and the number of shares constituting any class or series, without further vote or action by the stockholders. Although we have no present plans to issue any shares of preferred stock, the issuance of shares of preferred stock, or the issuance of rights to purchase such shares, could decrease the amount of earnings and assets available for distribution to the holders of common stock, could adversely affect the rights and powers, including voting rights, of the common stock, and could have the effect of delaying, deterring or preventing a change of control of us or an unsolicited acquisition proposal.
Warrants
See ‘‘Underwriting — Underwriters’ Warrants.’’
Transfer Agent and Registrar
The transfer agent and registrar for our common stock is VStock Transfer, LLC, 18 Lafayette Place, Woodmere, NY 11598.
Listing
We have applied to list our common stock on the Nasdaq Capital Market under the trading symbol “AIHS.”
Indemnification of Officers and Directors
Nevada Law
Section 78.7502 of the Nevada Revised Statutes provides that a Nevada corporation may indemnify any person who was or is a party or is threatened to be made a party to any threatened, pending or completed action, suit or proceeding, whether civil, criminal, administrative or investigative, except an action by or in the right of the corporation, by reason of the fact that he is or was a director, officer, employee or agent of the corporation, or is or was serving at the request of the corporation as a director, officer, employee or agent of another corporation, partnership, joint venture, trust or other enterprise, against expenses, including attorneys’ fees, judgments, fines and amounts paid in settlement actually and reasonably incurred by him in connection with the action, suit or proceeding if he is not liable under Section 78.138 of the Nevada Revised Statutes for breach of his or her fiduciary duties to the corporation or he acted in good faith and in a manner which he reasonably believed to be in or not opposed to the best
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interests of the corporation, and, with respect to any criminal action or proceeding, had no reasonable cause to believe his conduct was unlawful.
Section 78.7502 further provides a Nevada corporation may indemnify any person who was or is a party or is threatened to be made a party to any threatened, pending or completed action or suit by or in the right of the corporation to procure a judgment in its favor by reason of the fact that he is or was a director, officer, employee or agent of the corporation, or is or was serving at the request of the corporation as a director, officer, employee or agent of another corporation, partnership, joint venture, trust or other enterprise against expenses, including amounts paid in settlement and attorneys’ fees actually and reasonably incurred by him in connection with the defense or settlement of the action or suit if he is not liable under Section 78.138 of the Nevada Revised Statutes for breach of his or her fiduciary duties to the corporation or he acted in good faith and in a manner which he reasonably believed to be in or not opposed to the best interests of the corporation.
Indemnification may not be made for any claim, issue or matter as to which such a person has been adjudged by a court of competent jurisdiction, after exhaustion of all appeals therefrom, to be liable to the corporation or for amounts paid in settlement to the corporation, unless and only to the extent that the court in which the action or suit was brought or other court of competent jurisdiction determines upon application that in view of all the circumstances of the case, the person is fairly and reasonably entitled to indemnity for such expenses as the court deems proper.
To the extent that a director, officer, employee or agent of a corporation has been successful on the merits or otherwise in defense of any non-derivative proceeding or any derivative proceeding, or in defense of any claim, issue or matter therein, the corporation shall indemnify him or her against expenses, including attorneys’ fees, actually and reasonably incurred in connection with the defense.
Further, Nevada law permits a Nevada corporation to purchase and maintain insurance or to make other financial arrangements on behalf of any person who is or was a director, officer, employee or agent of the corporation, or is or was serving at the request of the corporation as a director, officer, employee or agent of another corporation, partnership, joint venture, trust or other enterprise for any liability asserted against him or her and liability and expenses incurred by him or her in his or her capacity as a director, officer, employee or agent, or arising out of his or her status as such, whether or not the corporation has the authority to indemnify him or her against such liability and expenses.
Charter Provisions of the Company
The Company’s articles of incorporation (the “Articles of Incorporation”) provide that the Company shall provide indemnification to its directors and officers to the maximum extent permitted by law. The Company shall pay advancements of expenses in advance of the final disposition of the action, suit or proceedings upon receipt of an undertaking by or on behalf of the director or officer to repay the amount even if it is ultimately determined that he or she is not entitled to indemnification by the Company. The Company is permitted by the Articles of Incorporation to purchase and maintain insurance in connection with its indemnification obligations. Insofar as indemnification for liabilities arising under the Securities Act, may be permitted to directors, officers and controlling persons of the Company pursuant to the foregoing provisions, we have been advised that the opinion of the SEC is that such indemnification is against public policy as expressed in the Securities Act and is, therefore, unenforceable.
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MARKET FOR COMMON EQUITY AND RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS
Before this offering, there was no public market for our common stock. We have applied to list our common stock on the Nasdaq Capital Market under the trading symbol “AIHS.”
Holders
As of the date of this prospectus, there are 11 holders of record of our common stock.
Dividends
We have never declared or paid cash dividends on our shares. We do not have any present plan to pay any cash dividends on our common stock in the foreseeable future after this offering. We currently intend to retain most, if not all, of our available funds and any future earnings to operate and grow our business.
Our board of directors will have the discretion to declare and pay dividends in the future, subject to applicable PRC regulations and restrictions. The Wholly-Foreign Owned Enterprise Law (1986), as amended, and The Wholly-Foreign Owned Enterprise Law Implementing Rules (1990), as amended, and the Company Law of the PRC (2006), as amended, contain the principal regulations governing dividend distributions by wholly foreign owned enterprises. Under these regulations, wholly foreign owned enterprises may pay dividends only out of their accumulated profits, if any, determined in accordance with PRC accounting standards and regulations. Additionally, such companies are required to set aside a certain amount of their accumulated profits each year, if any, to fund certain reserve funds until such time as the accumulated reserve funds reach and remain above 50% of the registered capital amount. These reserves are not distributable as cash dividends except in the event of liquidation and cannot be used for working capital purposes. Furthermore, if our subsidiaries and affiliates in China incur debt on their own in the future, the instruments governing the debt may restrict its ability to pay dividends or make other payments. If we or our subsidiary and affiliates are unable to receive all of the revenues from our operations through the current contractual arrangements, we may be unable to pay dividends on our common stock.
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SHARES ELIGIBLE FOR FUTURE SALE
Prior to this offering, there has not been any public market for our common stock, and we make no prediction as to the effect, if any, that market sales of our common stock or the availability of our common stock for sale will have on the market price of common stock prevailing from time to time. Nevertheless, sales of substantial amounts of our common stock in the public market, or the perception that such sales could occur, could adversely affect the market price of our common stock and could impair our future ability to raise capital through the sale of equity securities.
Upon the completion of this offering, we will have an aggregate of 25,750,000 shares of common stock outstanding assuming the underwriters do not exercise their over-allotment option. Of the outstanding common stock, all of the 3,250,000 shares of common stock sold in this offering plus any additional common stock sold upon exercise of the underwriters’ over-allotment option will be freely tradable, except that any common stock purchased by “affiliates” (as that term is defined in Rule 144 under the Securities Act), may only be sold in compliance with the limitations described below. After this offering, 22,500,000 shares of common stock (excluding any shares issuable upon exercise of outstanding options) will be deemed “restricted securities” as defined in Rule 144. Restricted securities may be sold in the public market only if registered or if they qualify for an exemption from registration under Rule 144 or Rule 701, promulgated under the Securities Act, which rules are summarized below.
As a result of the contractual restrictions described below and the provisions of Rule 144 and Rule 701, the restricted shares will be available for sale in the public market as follows: 22,500,000 shares of common stock will be eligible for sale upon the expiration of the lock-up agreements, described below, beginning 12 months or 24 months, as applicable, after the completion of the offering subject to extension in certain circumstances.
Lock-up Agreements
Our officers, directors and certain holders of our currently outstanding common stock, which constitutes approximately 100% of our common stock prior to the offering, have agreed to a twelve (12) month “lock-up” period from the closing of this offering of the common stock with respect to the common stock that they beneficially own, including the issuance of shares upon the exercise of convertible securities and options that are currently outstanding or which may be issued. This means that, for a period of twelve (12) months following the closing of the offering of the common stock, such persons may not offer, sell, pledge or otherwise dispose of these securities without the prior written consent of the Representative. In addition, from the end of the twelve (12) month period until twenty four (24) months following the date of the final prospectus, such persons whose holdings will be subject to lockup restrictions may sell their securities pursuant to the following criteria: following the completion of this offering, if the reported closing per share price of the Company’s securities is at least 140% of the public offering price per share, the Representative will release the lock-up restrictions, provided, however, that any proposed sales of such securities will be subject to: (i) the restrictions under the applicable U.S. securities laws, rules and regulations, and (ii) trading volume limitations not to exceed 10% of the average trading volume over a 30-trading day period immediately preceding the sale date for the Company’s securities.
We have agreed, subject to certain customary exceptions, not to sell, transfer or dispose of, directly or indirectly, any of our common stock or any securities convertible into or exchangeable or exercisable for our common stock, for a period of 180 days after the date this prospectus becomes effective.
The Representative has no present intention to waive or shorten the lock-up period; however, the terms of the lock-up agreements may be waived at its discretion. In determining whether to waive the terms of the lock-up agreements, the Representative may base its decision on its assessment of the relative strengths of the securities markets and companies similar to ours in general, and the trading pattern of, and demand for, our securities in general.
Rule 144
In general, under Rule 144 as currently in effect, once we have been subject to public company reporting requirements for at least 90 days, a person who is not deemed to have been one of our affiliates for purposes of the Securities Act at any time during 90 days preceding a sale and who has beneficially
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owned the shares proposed to be sold for at least six months, including the holding period of any prior owner other than our affiliates, is entitled to sell such shares without complying with the manner of sale, volume limitation or notice provisions of Rule 144, subject to compliance with the public information requirements of Rule 144. If such a person has beneficially owned the shares proposed to be sold for at least one year, including the holding period of any prior owner other than our affiliates, then such person is entitled to sell such shares without complying with any of the requirements of Rule 144.
In general, under Rule 144, as currently in effect, our affiliates or persons selling shares on behalf of our affiliates are entitled to sell upon expiration of the lock-up agreements described above, within any three-month period beginning 90 days after the date of this prospectus, a number of shares that does not exceed the greater of:
•
1% of the number of shares of common stock then outstanding, which will equal approximately 257,500 shares immediately after this offering; or
​
•
the average weekly trading volume of our common stock during the four calendar weeks preceding the filing of a notice on Form 144 with respect to such sale.
​
Sales under Rule 144 by our affiliates or persons selling shares on behalf of our affiliates are also subject to certain manner of sale provisions and notice requirements and to the availability of current public information about us.
Rule 701
In general, under Rule 701, any of our employees, directors, officers, consultants or advisors who purchase shares from us in connection with a compensatory stock or option plan or other written agreement before the effective date of this offering are entitled to resell such shares 90 days after the effective date of this offering in reliance on Rule 144, without having to comply with the holding period requirements or other restrictions contained in Rule 701.
The SEC has indicated that Rule 701 will apply to typical stock options granted by an issuer before it becomes subject to the reporting requirements of the Exchange Act, along with the shares acquired upon exercise of such options, including exercises after the date of this prospectus. Securities issued in reliance on Rule 701 are restricted securities and, subject to the contractual restrictions described above, beginning 90 days after the date of this prospectus, may be sold by persons other than affiliates, subject only to the manner of sale provisions of Rule 144 and by affiliates under Rule 144 without compliance with its one-year minimum holding period requirement.
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UNDERWRITING
We will enter into an underwriting agreement with ViewTrade Securities, Inc., or the Representative, acting as the sole book-runner and lead managing underwriter, with respect to the shares of common stock subject to this offering. Subject to the terms and conditions of the underwriting agreement, each underwriter named below has severally agreed to purchase from us, on a firm commitment basis, the number of shares of common stock set forth opposite its name below, at the public offering price, less the underwriting discount set forth on the cover page of this prospectus:

Underwriters | ​ | ​ | Number of Shares | ​
ViewTrade Securities, Inc. | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | ​
Total | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​

The underwriters have agreed to purchase all of the shares offered by this prospectus if they are purchased. The underwriting agreement provides that the underwriters are obligated to purchase all of the shares offered by this prospectus, other than those covered by the over-allotment option, if any shares are purchased. Under the terms of the underwriting agreement, the obligations of the underwriters to pay for and accept delivery of the shares are subject to the passing upon of certain legal matters by counsel and certain conditions such as confirmation of the accuracy of representations and warranties by us about our financial condition and operations and other matters.
Commission and Expenses
The underwriting discounts and commissions are 7% of the initial public offering price. We agreed to pay $70,000 as an advance payment towards the representative of underwriters’ accountable expenses ($35,000 paid upon execution of engagement letter in connection with offering, and $35,000 to be paid upon receipt of initial comments from FINRA relating to the underwriters’ compensation in connection with this offering, (together, the “Advance”). As of the date of this prospectus, we have paid $35,000 of the Advance to the representative of the underwriters. The Advance shall be applied towards the representative of the underwriters’ accountable expenses. Any portion of the Advance will be returned to us in the event it is not actually incurred.
The Representative has advised us that the underwriters propose to offer the shares to the public at the initial public offering price set forth on the cover page of this prospectus and to certain dealers at that price less a concession not in excess of  $[•] per share. The underwriters may allow, and certain dealers may re-allow, a discount from the concession not in excess of  $[•] per share to certain brokers and dealers. After this offering, the initial public offering price, concession and reallowance to dealers may be reduced by the Representative. No such reduction shall change the amount of proceeds to be received by us as set forth on the cover page of this prospectus.
The following table shows the underwriting discounts and commissions payable to the underwriters by us in connection with this offering.

​ | ​ | ​ | Per Share | ​ | ​ | Aggregate Amount | ​
Public offering price | ​ | ​ | ​ | $ | [•] | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | $ | [•] | ​ | ​
Underwriting discount(1) | ​ | ​ | ​ | $ | [•] | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | $ | [•] | ​ | ​
Non-accountable expense allowance(2) | ​ | ​ | ​ | $ | [•] | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | $ | [•] | ​ | ​
Proceeds before other expenses | ​ | ​ | ​ | $ | [•] | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | $ | [•] | ​ | ​

​
(1)
Represents an underwriting discount of 7% of public offering price. We have paid ViewTrade a $35,000 advance to be applied against the accountable expenses in connection with this offering.
​
(2)
The non-accountable expense allowance is equal to 0.5% of the gross proceeds of the offering.
​
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We estimate that the total expense of this offering excluding the underwriters’ discount and the non-accountable expense allowance will be approximately $[•]. We have also agreed to reimburse the Representative’s accountable expenses relating to the offering in amount not to exceed $175,000.
The distribution of our securities will end upon the underwriters’ cessation of selling efforts and stabilization activities.
Pursuant to the underwriting agreement, we have granted the representatives an option, exercisable for 45 days from the date of this prospectus, to purchase up to an additional 487,500 shares on the same terms as the other shares being purchased by the underwriters from us. The representatives may exercise the option solely to cover over-allotments, if any, in the sale of the shares that the underwriters have agreed to purchase. If the over-allotment option is exercised in full, the total public offering price, underwriting discount, offering expenses and net proceeds to us after offering expenses will be $[_], $[_], $[_] and $[_], respectively.
In addition, the Company agreed until the effectiveness of the registration statement in connection with this offering not to negotiate with any other broker-dealer relating to a possible private and/or public offering of the Company’s securities without the written consent of the Representative. If prior to the 12 month period following the effective date of the Company’s letter of intent with the Representative, the Company (i) does not complete the offering and listing of its securities on a national securities exchange and enters into discussions regarding a letter of intent or similar agreement with a third party broker-dealer and enters into a new engagement letter, and/or (ii) effects a private and/or public offering of its securities with another broker-dealer or any other person without the written consent of the Representative, the Company will be liable to the Representative for the accountable expenses of  $150,000.
Underwriters’ Warrants
We have also agreed to issue to the underwriters warrants to purchase a number of shares of common stock equal to an aggregate of 10% of the shares of common stock sold in this offering. The warrants will have an exercise price equal to 120% of the offering price of the common stock sold in this offering and may be exercised on a cashless basis. The warrants are exercisable commencing 180 days after the effective date of the registration statement related to this offering, and will be exercisable for five years from the effective date of the registration statement related to this offering. The warrants are not redeemable by us. The warrants also provide for unlimited “piggyback” registration rights at our expense with respect to the underlying common stock during the five-year period commencing after the effective date of the registration statement related to this offering. The warrants and the underlying common stock have been deemed compensation by FINRA and are therefore subject to a 180-day lock-up pursuant to Rule 5110(g)(1) of FINRA. The underwriters (or permitted assignees under Rule 5110(g)(1) of FINRA) may not sell, transfer, assign, pledge, or hypothecate the warrants or the securities underlying the warrants, nor will it engage in any hedging, short sale, derivative, put, or call transaction that would result in the effective economic disposition of the warrants or the underlying securities for a period of 180 days from the date on which the Registration Statement on Form S-1 of which this prospectus forms a part is declared effective by the SEC, except to any FINRA member participating in the offering and their bona fide officers or partners. The warrants will provide for adjustment in the number and price of such warrants in the event of recapitalization, merger or other structural transaction to prevent mechanical dilution.
Indemnification; Indemnification Escrow
We have agreed to indemnify the underwriters against certain liabilities, including liabilities under the Securities Act and liabilities arising from breaches of representations and warranties contained in the underwriting agreement, or to contribute to payments that the underwriters may be required to make in respect of those liabilities.
Concurrently with the execution and delivery of the underwriting agreement, we will set up an escrow account with a third-party escrow agent pursuant to which $1.2 million of proceeds from the offering will be deposited by the Company at closing for a period of 18 months following the closing date of this offering, which funds will be used in the event we have to indemnify the underwriters pursuant to the terms of the underwriting agreement. Except as described below, the funds in the escrow account that are not
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subject to an indemnification claim as of 12 month anniversary of closing will be returned to us in accordance with the terms of the escrow agreement. We will pay the reasonable fees and expenses of the escrow agent. In accordance with the terms of the underwriting agreement, we may not change our independent auditing firm within one year of the closing of this offering without the prior written consent of the Representative, which will not be unreasonably withheld. We have agreed to replace our independent auditing firm with a new independent auditing firm within 60 days of the closing of this offering. Upon such appointment, we will cause the new auditing firm to conduct a review of our financial statements included in this registration statement. Following the new auditing firm’s written confirmation to the Representative following that review that there are no material misstatements or adjustments which would require restatements of any of the financial statements included in the registration statement, then $600,000 of the escrow amount will be released to us no later than 30 calendar days following the Representative’s receipt of the written confirmation.
Lock-Up Agreements
Our officers, directors and holders of all of our currently outstanding common stock, prior to the offering, have agreed to a twelve (12) month “lock-up” period from the closing of this offering of the common stock with respect to the common stock that they beneficially own, including the issuance of shares upon the exercise of convertible securities and options that are currently outstanding or which may be issued. This means that, for a period of twelve (12) months following the closing of the offering of the common stock, such persons may not offer, sell, pledge or otherwise dispose of these securities without the prior written consent of the Representative. In addition, from the end of the twelve (12) month period until twenty four (24) months following the date of the final prospectus, such persons whose holdings will be subject to lockup restrictions may sell their securities pursuant to the following criteria: following the completion of this offering, if the reported closing per share price of the Company’s securities is at least 140% of the public offering price per share, the Representative will release the lock-up restrictions, provided, however, that any proposed sales of such securities will be subject to: (i) the restrictions under the applicable U.S. securities laws, rules and regulations, and (ii) trading volume limitations not to exceed 10% of the average trading volume over a 30-trading day period immediately preceding the sale date for the Company’s securities.
We have agreed, subject to some exceptions, not to sell, transfer or dispose of, directly or indirectly, any of our common stock or any securities convertible into or exchangeable or exercisable for our common stock, for a period of 180 days after the date this prospectus becomes effective.
The Representative has no present intention to waive or shorten the lock-up period; however, the terms of the lock-up agreements may be waived at its discretion. In determining whether to waive the terms of the lock-up agreements, the Representative may base its decision on its assessment of the relative strengths of the securities markets and companies similar to ours in general, and the trading pattern of, and demand for, our securities in general.
Listing
We have applied to have our common stock approved for listing on the Nasdaq Capital Market under the symbol “AIHS.” We make no representation that such application will be approved or that the common stock will trade on such market either now or at any time in the future.
Electronic Distribution
A prospectus in electronic format may be made available on websites or through other online services maintained by Representative or by its affiliates. Other than the prospectus in electronic format, the information on the Representative’s website and any information contained in any other website maintained by it is not part of this prospectus or the registration statement of which this prospectus forms a part, has not been approved and/or endorsed by us or the Representative in its capacity as an underwriter, and should not be relied upon by investors.
Any underwriter who is a qualified market maker on the Nasdaq Capital Market may engage in passive market making transactions on the Nasdaq Capital Market in accordance with Rule 103 of Regulation M,
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during the business day prior to the pricing of the offering, before the commencement of offers or sales. Passive market makers must comply with applicable volume and price limitations and must be identified as passive market makers. In general, a passive market maker must display its bid at a price not in excess of the highest independent bid for such security; if all independent bids are lowered below the passive market maker’s bid, however, the passive market maker’s bid must then be lowered when certain purchase limits are exceeded.
No Prior Public Market
Prior to this offering, there has been no public market for our securities and the public offering price for our common stock will be determined through negotiations between us and the Representative. Among the factors to be considered in these negotiations will be prevailing market conditions, our financial information, market valuations of other companies that we and the Representative believe to be comparable to us, estimates of our business potential, the present state of our development and other factors deemed relevant. The offering price for the shares of the Company’s common stock in this offering has been arbitrarily determined by the Company in its negotiations with the underwriters and does not necessarily bear any direct relationship to the assets, operations, book or other established criteria of value of the Company.
Offers outside the United States
Other than in the United States, no action has been taken by us or the underwriters that would permit a public offering of the common stock offered by this prospectus in any jurisdiction where action for that purpose is required. The common stock offered by this prospectus may not be offered or sold, directly or indirectly, nor may this prospectus or any other offering material or advertisements in connection with the offer and sale of any such Shares be distributed or published in any jurisdiction, except under circumstances that will result in compliance with the applicable rules and regulations of that jurisdiction. Persons into whose possession this prospectus comes are advised to inform themselves about and to observe any restrictions relating to the offering and the distribution of this prospectus. This prospectus does not constitute an offer to sell or a solicitation of an offer to buy any share of common stock offered by this prospectus in any jurisdiction in which such an offer or a solicitation is unlawful.
Price Stabilization, Short Positions
Until the distribution of the common stock offered by this prospectus is completed, rules of the SEC may limit the ability of the underwriters to bid for and to purchase our common stock. As an exception to these rules, the underwriters may engage in transactions effected in accordance with Regulation M under the Exchange Act that are intended to stabilize, maintain or otherwise affect the price of our common stock. The underwriters may engage in over-allotment sales, syndicate covering transactions, stabilizing transactions and penalty bids in accordance with Regulation M.
•
Stabilizing transactions consist of bids or purchases made by the managing underwriter for the purpose of preventing or slowing a decline in the market price of our securities while this offering is in progress.
​
•
Short sales and over-allotments occur when the managing underwriter, on behalf of the underwriting syndicate, sells more of our shares than they purchase from us in this offering. In order to cover the resulting short position, the managing underwriter may exercise the overallotment option described above and/or may engage in syndicate covering transactions. There is no contractual limit on the size of any syndicate covering transaction. The underwriters will deliver a prospectus in connection with any such short sales. Purchasers of shares sold short by the underwriters are entitled to the same remedies under the federal securities laws as any other purchaser of units covered by the registration statement.
​
•
Syndicate covering transactions are bids for or purchases of our securities on the open market by the managing underwriter on behalf of the underwriters in order to reduce a short position incurred by the managing underwriter on behalf of the underwriters.
​
•
A penalty bid is an arrangement permitting the managing underwriter to reclaim the selling
​
​
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concession that would otherwise accrue to an underwriter if the common stock originally sold by the underwriter were later repurchased by the managing underwriter and therefore was not effectively sold to the public by such underwriter.
Stabilization, syndicate covering transactions and penalty bids may have the effect of raising or maintaining the market price of our common stock or preventing or retarding a decline in the market price of our common stock. As a result, the price of our common stock may be higher than the price that might otherwise exist in the open market.
Neither we nor the underwriters make any representation or prediction as to the effect that the transactions described above may have on the prices of our common stock. These transactions may occur on the Nasdaq or on any trading market. If any of these transactions are commenced, they may be discontinued without notice at any time.
A prospectus in electronic format may be made available on a website maintained by the representatives of the underwriters and may also be made available on a website maintained by other underwriters. The underwriters may agree to allocate a number of shares to underwriters for sale to their online brokerage account holders. Internet distributions will be allocated by the representatives of the underwriters to underwriters that may make Internet distributions on the same basis as other allocations. In connection with the offering, the underwriters or syndicate members may distribute prospectuses electronically. No forms of prospectus other than printed prospectuses and electronically distributed prospectuses that are printable in Adobe PDF format will be used in connection with this offering.
The underwriters have informed us that they do not expect to confirm sales of shares of common stock offered by this prospectus to accounts over which they exercise discretionary authority without obtaining the specific approval of the account holder.
Notice to Prospective Investors in Hong Kong
The contents of this prospectus have not been reviewed by any regulatory authority in Hong Kong. You are advised to exercise caution in relation to the offer. If you are in any doubt about any of the contents of this prospectus, you should obtain independent professional advice. Please note that (i) our shares may not be offered or sold in Hong Kong, by means of this prospectus or any document other than to “professional investors” within the meaning of Part I of Schedule 1 of the Securities and Futures Ordinance (Cap.571, Laws of Hong Kong) (SFO) and any rules made thereunder, or in other circumstances which do not result in the document being a “prospectus” within the meaning of the Companies Ordinance (Cap.32, Laws of Hong Kong) (CO) or which do not constitute an offer or invitation to the public for the purpose of the CO or the SFO, and (ii) no advertisement, invitation or document relating to our shares may be issued or may be in the possession of any person for the purpose of issue (in each case whether in Hong Kong or elsewhere) which is directed at, or the contents of which are likely to be accessed or read by, the public in Hong Kong (except if permitted to do so under the securities laws of Hong Kong) other than with respect to the shares which are or are intended to be disposed of only to persons outside Hong Kong or only to “professional investors” within the meaning of the SFO and any rules made thereunder.
Notice to Prospective Investors in the People’s Republic of China
This prospectus may not be circulated or distributed in the PRC and the Shares may not be offered or sold, and will not offer or sell to any person for re-offering or resale directly or indirectly to any resident of the PRC except pursuant to applicable laws, rules and regulations of the PRC. For the purpose of this paragraph only, the PRC does not include Taiwan and the special administrative regions of Hong Kong and Macau.
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LEGAL MATTERS
Ellenoff Grossman & Schole LLP, New York, New York, will pass upon the validity of the issuance of the shares of our common stock offered by this prospectus as our counsel. Schiff Hardin LLP is acting as counsel to the underwriters in connection with this offering.
EXPERTS
The consolidated balance sheets of the Company as of March 31, 2017 and 2016 and the related consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss, changes in stockholders’ equity and cash flows for the fiscal years then ended appearing in this registration statement of which this prospectus forms a part have been so included in reliance on the report of ZH CPA LLP, an independent registered public accounting firm, appearing elsewhere in this prospectus, given on the authority of such firm as experts in accounting and auditing.
CHANGES IN AND DISAGREEMENTS WITH ACCOUNTANTS ON ACCOUNTING AND FINANCIAL DISCLOSURE
Previous Independent Accountants
On August 26, 2017, the Company dismissed Anton & Chia, LLP (‘‘A&C’’) as its independent registered public accounting firm. The reports of A&C, on our financial statements for each of the past two fiscal years contained no adverse opinion or a disclaimer of opinion and were not modified. The decision to change independent accountants was approved by our Board of Directors on September 27, 2017.
During our two most recent fiscal years and through the date of this report, we have had no disagreements with A&C, on any matter of accounting principles or practices, financial statement disclosure, or auditing scope or procedure, which disagreements, if not resolved to the satisfaction of A&C, would have caused it to make reference to the subject matter of such disagreements in its report on our financial statements for such periods.
During our two most recent fiscal years and through the date of the dismissal of A&C, there have been no reportable events as defined under Item 304(a)(1)(v) of Regulation S-K adopted by the SEC.
We provided A&C, with a copy of this disclosure before the filing was made with the SEC. We requested that A&C, provide us with a letter addressed to the SEC stating whether or not it agrees with the above statements, and we received a letter from A&C, stating that it agrees with the above statements. A copy of such letter, dated as of October 3, 2017 is filed as Exhibit 16.1 to this registration statement.
New Independent Accountants
Our engagement letter with ZH CPA LLP was executed on August 26, 2017 and the auditors’ actual work started right thereafter. Our Board of Directors approved and ratified the appointment of ZH CPA LLP (“ZH CPA”) as our new independent registered public accounting firm, effective September 27, 2017. During the two most recent fiscal years and through the date of the engagement of ZH CPA, we did not consult with ZH CPA regarding either (1) the application of accounting principles to a specified transaction, either completed or proposed, or the type of audit opinion that might be rendered on our financial statements, or (2) any matter that was either the subject of a disagreement or a reportable event (as defined in Item 304(a)(1)(v) of Regulation S-K). In approving the selection of ZH CPA as the Company’s new independent registered public accounting firm, the Board of Directors considered all relevant factors.
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WHERE YOU CAN FIND MORE INFORMATION
We have filed with the SEC a registration statement on Form S-1 under the Securities Act with respect to the Common Stock offered by this prospectus. This prospectus is a part of the registration statement and does not contain all of the information set forth in the registration statement and its exhibits and schedules, portions of which have been omitted as permitted by the rules and regulations of the SEC. For further information about us and our Common Stock, you should refer to the registration statement and its exhibits and schedules. Statements in this prospectus about the contents of any contract, agreement or other document are not necessarily complete and in each instance that a copy of such contract, agreement or document has been filed as an exhibit to the registration statement, we refer you to the copy that we have filed as an exhibit.
We will file annual, quarterly and special reports and other information with the SEC. Our filings with the SEC are available to the public on the SEC’s website at http://www.sec.gov. The information we file with the SEC or contained on or accessible through our corporate web site or any other web site that we may maintain is not part of this prospectus or the registration statement of which this prospectus is a part. You may also read and copy, at SEC prescribed rates, any document we file with the SEC, including the registration statement (and its exhibits) of which this prospectus is a part, at the SEC’s Public Reference Room located at 100 F Street, N.E., Washington D.C. 20549. You can call the SEC at 1-800-SEC-0330 to obtain information on the operation of the Public Reference Room.
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SENMIAO TECHNOLOGY LIMITED
AND SUBSIDIARY
INDEX TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

​ | Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | F-2 | ​ | ​
​ | Consolidated Balance Sheets as of March 31, 2017 and 2016 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | F-3 | ​ | ​
​ | Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Loss for the Years Ended March 31, 2017 and 2016 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | F-4 | ​ | ​
​ | Consolidated Statements of Changes in Shareholders’ Equity for the Years Ended March 31, 2017 and 2016 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | F-5 | ​ | ​
​ | Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the Years Ended March 31, 2017 and 2016 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | F-6 | ​ | ​
​ | Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | F-7 | ​ | ​
​ | Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets as of December 31, 2017 and March 31, 2017 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | F-31 | ​ | ​
​ | Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Loss for the Three and Nine Months Ended December 31, 2017 and 2016 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | F-32 | ​ | ​
​ | Consolidated Statements of Changes in Shareholder’s Equity for the Nine Months Ended December 31, 2017 and 2016 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | F-33 | ​ | ​
​ | Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the Nine Months Ended December 31, 2017 and 2016 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | F-34 | ​ | ​
​ | Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | F-35 | ​ | ​

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REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM
To the Shareholders and Board of Directors
SENMIAO TECHNOLOGY LIMITED
We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of SENMIAO TECHNOLOGY LIMITED (the “Company”) as of March 31, 2017 and 2016, and the related consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss, changes in shareholders’ equity and cash flows for each of the two years in the period ended March 31, 2017, and the related notes (collectively referred to as the “consolidated financial statements”). These consolidated financial statements are the responsibility of the Company’s management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on these consolidated financial statements based on our audits.
We conducted our audits in accordance with standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States). Those standards require that we plan and perform the audits to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the consolidated financial statements are free of material misstatement. The Company was not required to have, nor were we engaged to perform, an audit of its internal control over financial reporting. Our audits included consideration of internal control over financial reporting as a basis for designing audit procedures that are appropriate in the circumstances, but not for the purpose of expressing an opinion on the effectiveness of the Company’s internal control over financial reporting. Accordingly, we express no such opinion. Our audits include examining, on a test basis, evidence supporting the amounts and disclosures in the consolidated financial statements. Our audits also include assessing the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall financial statement presentation. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion.
In our opinion, the consolidated financial statements referred to above present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of the Company as of March 31, 2017 and March 31, 2016, and the results of its operations and its cash flows for each of the two years in the period then ended, in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America.
As discussed in Note 3 to the consolidated financial statements, the consolidated financial statements for the year ended March 31, 2017 have been restated to correct misstatements.
/s/ ZH CPA LLP
Vancouver, British Columbia
September 28, 2017, except for the effects of the reverse stock split in Note 1and Note 11, inclusion of Parent-Only Financials in Note 15 and the matters described in Note 16 Subsequent Event as to which the date is January 29, 2018.
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SENMIAO TECHNOLOGY LIMITED
CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS
As of March 31, 2017 and 2016
(Expressed in US dollar, except for the number of shares)

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | March 31, | ​
​ | ​ | ​ | Note | ​ | ​ | 2017 | ​ | ​ | 2016 | ​
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | Restated Note 3 | ​ | ​
ASSETS | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Current Assets | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Cash and cash equivalents | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | $ | 161,292 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | $ | 165 | ​ | ​
Prepayments, receivables and other assets | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 6 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 19,476 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 1,550,544 | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 180,768 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 1,550,709 | ​ | ​
Assets of disposal group classified as held for sale | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 5 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 19,960,291 | ​ | ​
Total Current Assets | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 180,768 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 21,511,000 | ​ | ​
Property and equipment, net | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 7 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 4,648 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​
Other Assets | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Platform | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 8 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 3,874,166 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​
User relationship | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 4,8 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 363,285 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​
Goodwill | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 4 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 5,631,819 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​
Total Assets | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | $ | 10,054,686 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | $ | 21,511,000 | ​ | ​
LIABILITIES AND SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Current Liabilities | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Accrued expenses and other liabilities | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 9 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | $ | 90,256 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | $ | 31,585 | ​ | ​
Due to shareholders | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 13 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 333,761 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 424,017 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 31,585 | ​ | ​
Liabilities directly associated with the assets classified as held for sale | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 5 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 4,458,543 | ​ | ​
Total Current Liabilities | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 424,017 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 4,490,128 | ​ | ​
Commitments and Contingencies | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​
Shareholders’ Equity | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Common stocks (par value $0.0001 per share, 100,000,000 shares authorized; 20,250,000 and 20,250,000 shares issued and outstanding at March 31, 2017 and 2016, respectively*) | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 11 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | $ | 2,025 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | $ | 2,025 | ​ | ​
Additional Paid-in capital | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 11,359,103 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 11,359,103 | ​ | ​
Accumulated deficit | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | (622,697) | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | (34,815) | ​ | ​
Accumulated other comprehensive loss | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | (1,107,762) | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | (506,140) | ​ | ​
Total Shareholders’ Equity | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 9,630,669 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 10,820,173 | ​ | ​
Non controlling interests | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 6,200,699 | ​ | ​
Total equity | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 9,630,669 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 17,020,872 | ​ | ​
Total Liabilities and Shareholders’ Equity | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | $ | 10,054,686 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | $ | 21,511,000 | ​ | ​
​

​
*
Prior to the offering, the Company issued 40,500,000 shares of common stock in connection with the Restructuring (Note 1). On January 29, 2018, our board of directors and stockholders approved a one-for-two reverse stock split of our issued and outstanding shares of common stock. As such, the 40,500,000 shares decreased to 20,250,000 shares. All references to numbers of common shares and per-share data in the accompanying consolidated financial statements have been adjusted to reflect such issuance of shares on a retrospective basis.
​
​
The accompanying notes are an integral part of the financial statements
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SENMIAO TECHNOLOGY LIMITED
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS AND COMPREHENSIVE LOSS
For the years ended March 31, 2017 and 2016
(Expressed in US dollar, except for the number of shares)

​ | ​ | ​ | Note | ​ | ​ | For the Years Ended March 31, | ​
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 2017 | ​ | ​ | 2016 | ​
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | Restated note 3 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Revenues | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | $ | 73,237 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | $ | — | ​ | ​
Gross revenues | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 73,237 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​
Operating expenses | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Selling, general and administrative expenses | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | (258,772) | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | (18,724) | ​ | ​
Amortization of intangible assets | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | (324,710) | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​
Total operating expenses | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | (583,482) | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | (18,724) | ​ | ​
Loss from operations | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | (510,245) | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | (18,724) | ​ | ​
Other income/(expense) | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Interest income | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 30 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 1 | ​ | ​
Other income, net | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 446 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​
Total other income | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 476 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 1 | ​ | ​
Loss before income taxes | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | (509,769) | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | (18,723) | ​ | ​
Income tax expense | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 12 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​
Net loss from continuing operations | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | (509,769) | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | (18,723) | ​ | ​
Net (loss)/income from discontinued operations, net of tax | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | (86,876) | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 4,449 | ​ | ​
Net Loss | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | (596,645) | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | (14,274) | ​ | ​
Net (loss)/income attributable to non-controlling interests | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | (8,763) | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 1,780 | ​ | ​
Net loss attributable to Senmiao Technology Limited | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | (587,882) | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | (16,054) | ​ | ​
Net loss attributable to Senmiao Technology Limited from continuing operation | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | (509,769) | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | (18,723) | ​ | ​
Net (loss)/income attributable to Senmiao Technology Limited from discontinued operation | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | (78,113) | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 2,669 | ​ | ​
Other comprehensive income | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Foreign currency translation adjustment | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | (807,024) | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | (917,319) | ​ | ​
Comprehensive Loss | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | (1,403,669) | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | (931,593) | ​ | ​
Less: comprehensive loss attributable to non-controlling interests | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | (214,165) | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | (332,163) | ​ | ​
Comprehensive loss attributable to Senmiao Technology Limited | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | $ | (1,189,504) | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | $ | (599,430) | ​ | ​
Comprehensive loss attributable to Senmiao Technology Limited from continuing operation | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | (1,191,718) | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | (602,309) | ​ | ​
Comprehensive (loss)/income attributable to Senmiao Technology Limited from discontinued operation | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 2,214 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 2,879 | ​ | ​
Weighted average number of common shares | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Basic | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 20,250,000 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 20,250,000 | ​ | ​
Diluted | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 20,250,000 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 20,250,000 | ​ | ​
Earnings per share | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Basic loss for the year attributable to the shareholders of the Company | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | $ | (0.03) | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | $ | (0.00) | ​ | ​
Diluted loss for the year attributable to the shareholders of the Company | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | (0.03) | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | (0.00) | ​ | ​
Earnings per share from continuing operations | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Basic loss from continuing operations attributable to the shareholders of the Company | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | (0.03) | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | (0.00) | ​ | ​
Diluted loss from continuing operations attributable to the shareholders of the Company | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | (0.03) | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | (0.00) | ​ | ​
Earnings per share from discontinued operations | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Basic (loss)/profit from discontinued operations attributable to the shareholder of the Company | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | (0.00) | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 0.00 | ​ | ​
Diluted (loss)/profit from discontinued operations attributable to the shareholder of the Company | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | $ | (0.00) | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | $ | 0.00 | ​ | ​

The accompanying notes are an integral part of the financial statements
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SENMIAO TECHNOLOGY LIMITED
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY
For the years ended March, 31, 2017 and 2016
(Expressed in US dollar, except for the number of shares)

​ | ​ | ​ | Common Stock (note 10) | ​ | ​ | Additional Paid-in capital | ​ | ​ | Accumulated deficit | ​ | ​ | Accumulated other comprehensive income | ​ | ​ | Non-controlling interest | ​ | ​ | Total equity
​ | ​ | ​ | Shares | ​ | ​ | Par value | ​
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | Restated Note 3 | ​ | ​ | Restated Noted 3 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | Restated Note 3
Balance as of March 31, 2015 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 20,250,000 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | $ | 2,025 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | $ | 11,359,103 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | $ | (18,761) | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | $ | 77,236 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | $ | 6,532,862 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | $ | 17,952,465
Net (loss)/income | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | (16,054) | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 1,780 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | (14,274)
Foreign currency translation loss | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | (583,376) | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | (333,943) | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | (917,319)
Balance as of March 31, 2016 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 20,250,000 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | $ | 2,025 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | $ | 11,359,103 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | $ | (34,815) | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | $ | (506,140) | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | $ | 6,200,699 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | $ | 17,020,872
Net loss | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | (587,882) | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | (8,763) | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | (596,645)
Foreign currency translation loss | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | (601,622) | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | (205,402) | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | (807,024)
Disposal of a subsidiary | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | (5,986,534) | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | (5,986,534)
Balance as of March 31, 2017 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 20,250,000 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | $ | 2,025 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | $ | 11,359,103 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | $ | (622,697) | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | $ | (1,107,762) | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | $ | — | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | $ | 9,630,669
​

The accompanying notes are an integral part of the financial statements
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SENMIAO TECHNOLOGY LIMITED
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
For the years ended March 31, 2017 and 2016

​ | ​ | ​ | For The Years Ended March 31, | ​
​ | ​ | ​ | 2017 | ​ | ​ | 2016 | ​
​ | ​ | ​ | Restated note 3 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Cash Flows from Operating Activities: | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Net loss from continuing operations | ​ | ​ | ​ | $ | (509,769) | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | $ | (18,723) | ​ | ​
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by/(used in) operating activities: | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Depreciation of property and equipment | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 961 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​
Amortization of intangible assets | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 324,710 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​
Changes in operating assets and liabilities: | ​ | ​ | ​
Prepayments, receivables and other assets | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 1,465,865 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​
Accrued expenses and other liabilities | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 42,682 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 18,482 | ​ | ​
Net Cash Provided by/(Used in) Operating Activities | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 1,324,449 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | (241) | ​ | ​
Net Cash Provided by/(Used in) Operating Activities from Continuing Operations | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 1,325,242 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | (491) | ​ | ​
Net Cash Used in by Operating Activities from Discontinued Operations | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | (793) | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 250 | ​ | ​
Cash Flows from Investing Activities: | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Disposal of a subsidiary | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 8,914,833 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​
Purchase of property and equipment | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | (1,975) | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​
Purchase of intangible assets | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | (59,432) | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​
Consideration paid in a business acquisition | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | (10,099,444) | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​
Net Cash Used in Investing Activities | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | (1,246,018) | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​
Net Cash Used in Investing Activities from Continuing Operations | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | (1,246,018) | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​
Net Cash Used in Investing Activities from Discontinued Operations | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​
Cash Flows From Financing Activities: | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Proceeds borrowed from shareholders | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 341,736 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​
Net Cash Provided by Financing Activities | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 341,736 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​
Effect of Exchange Rate Changes on Cash | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | (259,040) | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | (17) | ​ | ​
Net Increase/(Decrease) In Cash | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 161,127 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | (258) | ​ | ​
Cash and cash equivalents at Beginning of Year | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 165 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 423 | ​ | ​
Cash and cash equivalents at End of Year | ​ | ​ | ​ | $ | 161,292 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | $ | 165 | ​ | ​
Supplemental Cash Flow Information | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Cash paid for interest expense | ​ | ​ | ​ | $ | — | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | $ | — | ​ | ​
Cash paid for income tax | ​ | ​ | ​ | $ | — | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | $ | — | ​ | ​
​

The accompanying notes are an integral part of the financial statements
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TABLE OF CONTENTS​
SENMIAO TECHNOLOGY LIMITED
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
1. ORGANIZATION AND PRINCIPAL ACTITIVIES
Senmiao Technology Limited (“Senmiao” or the “Company”) is a holding company incorporated in the State of Nevada on June 8, 2017. The Company operates an online lending platform through its variety interest entity (“VIE”), Sichuan Senmiao Ronglian Technology Co., Ltd. (“Sichuan Senmiao”) in China connecting Chinese investors with individual and small- to-medium-sized enterprise (“SME”) borrowers. Through its platform, the Company offers quick and easy access to credit to borrowers and creditors and attractive investment returns for investors. The Company’s executive offices are located in Chengdu, Sichuan province, China.
The Company is currently in the process of establishing a wholly owned subsidiary, Sichuan Senmiao Zecheng Business Consulting Co., Ltd. (“WFOE,” or “Senmiao Consulting”) in China. It is anticipated that substantially all of the business activities of the Company will be undertaken by WFOE and VIE, Sichuan Senmiao in China.
Sichuan Senmiao was established in China in June 2014. The Company plans to enter into a series of contractual arrangements with Sichuan Senmiao and its equity holders through WFOE to obtain control and become the primary beneficiary of Sichuan Senmiao. The contractual arrangements will be completed upon the establishment of WFOE (the “Restructuring”). In connection with Restructuring, the Company issued an aggregate of 40,500,000 shares of 0.0001 par value to all of the Sichuan Senmiao equity holders (“Sichuan Senmiao Shareholders”) prior to this offering. On January 29, 2018, our board of directors and stockholders approved a one-for-two reverse stock split of our issued and outstanding shares of common stock (the “Reverse Stock Split”), which became effective on January 29, 2018. As such, the Company had 20,250,000 shares of 0.0001 par value issued and outstanding. The discussion and presentation of financial statements herein assumes the completion of the Restructuring, which is accounted for retroactively as if it occurred on April 1, 2015.
On September 25, 2016, Sichuan Senmiao acquired a peer-to-peer platform(including website, ICP license, operating systems, servers, and management system) from Sichuan Chenghexin Investment and Asset Management Co., Ltd. (“Chenghexin”), who had established and operated the platform for two years prior to the acquisition by Sichuan Senmiao (the “Acquisition”). Prior to the Acquisition, Sichuan Senmiao was a holding company that owned a 60% equity interest in an equity investment fund management company. Sichuan Senmiao sold its 60% equity interest for a cash consideration of RMB 60,000,000 (US$8,914,833) immediately following the Acquisition, in order to focus on the online marketplace lending business.
The following diagram illustrates our corporate structure, including our subsidiary and consolidated variable interest entity as of the date of this prospectus assuming the completion of our Restructuring (as defined below):
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
SENMIAO TECHNOLOGY LIMITED
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
1. ORGANIZATION AND PRINCIPAL ACTITIVIES (CONTINUED)
VIE Agreements with Sichuan Senmiao
According to a series of contractual arrangements (collectively “VIE Agreements”), Sichuan Senmiao is obligated to pay service fees to WFOE approximately equal to the net income of Sichuan Senmiao. Sichuan Senmiao’s operations are, in fact, directly controlled by the Company entirely. There are no unrecognized revenue-producing assets that are held by Sichuan Senmiao.
Each of the VIE Agreements is described in detail below:
Equity Interest Pledge Agreement
WFOE, Sichuan Senmiao and Sichuan Senmiao Shareholders entered into an Equity Interest Pledge Agreement, pursuant to which Sichuan Senmiao Shareholders pledged all of their equity interest in Sichuan Senmiao to WFOE in order to guarantee the performance of Sichuan Senmiao’s obligations under the Exclusive Business Cooperation Agreement as described below. During the term of the pledge, WFOE is entitled to receiving any dividends declared on the pledged equity interest of Senmiao. The Equity Interest Pledge Agreement ends when all contractual obligations under the Exclusive Business Cooperation Agreement have been fully performed.
Exclusive Business Cooperation Agreement
Pursuant to an Exclusive Business Cooperation Agreement by and among the Company, WFOE, Sichuan Senmiao and each of the Sichuan Senmiao Shareholders, WFOE will provide Sichuan Senmiao with complete technical support, business support and related consulting services during the term of the agreement. The Sichuan Senmiao Shareholders and Sichuan Senmiao have agreed not to engage any other party for the same or similar consultation services without WFOE’s prior consent. Further, Sichuan Senmiao Shareholders are entitled to receive an aggregate of 20,250,000 shares of common stock of the Company under the Exclusive Business Cooperation Agreement. The term of the Exclusive Business Cooperation Agreement is 10 years. WFOE may terminate the Exclusive Business Operation Agreement at any time upon prior written notice to Sichuan Senmiao and the Sichuan Senmiao Shareholders.
Exclusive Option Agreement
Pursuant to an Exclusive Option Agreement by and among WFOE, Sichuan Senmiao and each of the Sichuan Senmiao Shareholders, the Sichuan Senmiao Shareholders have granted WFOE an exclusive option to purchase at any time in part or in whole their equity interests in Sichuan Senmiao for a purchase price equal to the capital paid by the Senmiao Shareholders, pro-rated for purchase of less than all the equity interest. The Exclusive Option Agreement terminates in ten years but can be renewed by WOFE at its discretion.
Powers of Attorney
Each of the Sichuan Senmiao Shareholders has entered into a power of attorney (the “Power of Attorney”) pursuant to which each of the Sichuan Senmiao Shareholders has authorized WFOE to act on his or her behalf as the exclusive agent and attorney with respect to all rights of such individual as a shareholder, including but not limited to: (a) attending shareholders’ meetings; (b) exercising all the shareholder’s rights, including voting, that shareholders are entitled to under PRC law and the Articles of Association of Sichuan Senmiao, including but not limited to the sale or transfer or pledge or disposition of the equity interests of Sichuan Senmiao owned by such shareholder; and (c) designating and appointing on behalf of the shareholders the legal representative, chairperson, director, supervisor, chief executive officer and other senior management members of Sichuan Senmiao. The Power of Attorney has the same term as the Exclusive Option Agreement.
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
SENMIAO TECHNOLOGY LIMITED
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
1. ORGANIZATION AND PRINCIPAL ACTITIVIES (CONTINUED)
Timely Report Agreement
The Company and Sichuan Senmiao entered into a timely report agreement pursuant to which Sichuan Senmiao agrees to make its officers and directors available to the Company and promptly provide all information required by the Company so that the Company can make necessary SEC and other regulatory reports in a timely fashion.
We have concluded that the Company is the primary beneficiary of Sichuan Senmiao and should consolidate its financial statements. The Company is the primary beneficiary based on the Power of Attorneys entered into as part of the VIE arrangements that each equity holder of Sichuan Senmiao assigned their rights as a shareholder of Sichuan Senmiao to the WFOE, our wholly owned subsidiary. These rights include, but are not limited to, attending shareholders’ meetings, voting on matters submitted for shareholder approval and appointing legal representatives, executive directors, supervisors and other senior management members. As such, the Company, 100% controlling the WFOE, are deemed to hold all of the voting equity interest in Sichuan Senmiao. During the periods presented, we have not provided any financial or other support to Sichuan Senmiao. However pursuant to Exclusive Business Cooperation Agreement, we may provide complete technical support, business support and related consulting services during the term of the VIE agreement. Though not explicit in the VIE Agreements, we may provide financial support to Sichuan Senmiao to meet its working capital requirements and capitalization purposes. The terms of the VIE Agreements and the Company's plan of financial support to the VIEs were considered in determining that the Company is the primary beneficiary of the VIE. Accordingly, the financial statements of the VIE are consolidated in the Company's consolidated financial statements.
It is possible that the VIE Agreements among Sichuan Senmiao, WFOE, and the nominee shareholders of Sichuan Senmiao would not be enforceable in China if PRC government authorities or courts were to find that such contracts contravene PRC laws and regulations or are otherwise not enforceable for public policy reasons. In the event that the Company was unable to enforce these contractual arrangements, the Company would not be able to exert effective control over the VIE. Consequently, the VIE’s results of operations, assets and liabilities would not be included in the Company's consolidated financial statements. If such were the case, the Company's cash flows, financial position, and operating performance would be materially adversely affected. The Company's contractual arrangements with Sichuan Senmiao, WFOE, and the nominee shareholders of Sichuan Senmiao are approved and in place. Management believes that such contracts are enforceable, and considers the possibility remote that PRC regulatory authorities with jurisdiction over the Company's operations and contractual relationships would find the contracts to be unenforceable.
The Company's operations and businesses rely on the operations and businesses of its VIE, which holds certain recognized revenue-producing assets including platform, user relationship and goodwill. The VIE also has an assembled workforce, focused primarily on customer verification and credit assessment, whose costs are expensed as incurred. The Company's operations and businesses may be adversely impacted if the Company loses the ability to use and enjoy assets held by its VIE.
Total assets and total liabilities of the VIE that were included in the Company’s consolidated financial statements as of March 31, 2017 and 2016 are as follows:

​ | ​ | ​ | March 31, | ​
​ | ​ | ​ | 2017 | ​ | ​ | 2016 | ​
Total assets | ​ | ​ | ​ | $ | 10,054,686 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | $ | 21,511,000 | ​ | ​
Total liabilities | ​ | ​ | ​ | $ | 424,017 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | $ | 4,490,128 | ​ | ​

As of March 31, 2017 and 2016, the VIE did not held unrecognized revenue producing assets.
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
SENMIAO TECHNOLOGY LIMITED
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
1. ORGANIZATION AND PRINCIPAL ACTITIVIES (CONTINUED)
Net revenue, net income, operating, investing and financing cash flows of the VIE that were included in the Company's consolidated financial statements for the years ended March 31, 2017 and 2016 are as follows:

​ | ​ | ​ | For the Years Ended March 31, | ​
​ | ​ | ​ | 2017 | ​ | ​ | 2016 | ​
Net Revenues | ​ | ​ | ​ | $ | 73,237 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | $ | — | ​ | ​
Net Loss | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | (596,645) | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | (14,274) | ​ | ​
Net Cash Provided by/(Used in) Operating Activities | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 1,324,449 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | (241) | ​ | ​
Net Cash Used in Investing Activities | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | (1,246,018) | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​
Net Cash Provided by Financing Activities | ​ | ​ | ​ | $ | 341,736 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | $ | — | ​ | ​

The transaction between the Company and Sichuan Senmiao constituted a reorganization. As all of the above mentioned companies are under common control, this series of transactions has been accounted for as a reorganization of entities and the financial statements have been prepared as if the reorganization had occurred retroactively. The financial statements have been prepared as if the existing corporate structure had been in existence throughout all periods and the reorganization had occurred as of the beginning of the earliest period presented in the accompanying financial statements.
2. SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES
(a) Basis of presentation
The accompanying consolidated financial statements of the Company has been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“U.S. GAAP”) and pursuant to the rules and regulations of the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”).
(b) Basis of consolidation
The consolidated financial statements include the accounts of the Company and include the assets, liabilities, revenues and expenses of all majority-owned subsidiaries and VIE over which the Company exercises control and, when applicable, entities for which the Company has a controlling financial interest or is the primary beneficiary. All inter-company accounts and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation. The Company records income attributable to non-controlling interest in the consolidated statements of operations for any non-owned portion of consolidated subsidiaries. Non-controlling interest is recorded within the equity section but separate from the Company’s equity in the consolidated balance sheets.
(c) Foreign currency translation
Transactions denominated in currencies other than the functional currency are translated into the functional currency at the exchange rates prevailing at the dates of the transaction. Monetary assets and liabilities denominated in currencies other than the functional currency are translated into the functional currency using the applicable exchange rates at the balance sheet dates. The resulting exchange differences are recorded in the statement of operations.
The reporting currency of the Company is the United States Dollars (“US$”) and the accompanying financial statements have been expressed in US$. In addition, the Company’s operating subsidiaries maintain their books and records in their respective local currency, Renminbi (“RMB”), which is also the respective functional currency for each subsidiary as they are the primary currency of the economic environment in which each subsidiary operates.
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
SENMIAO TECHNOLOGY LIMITED
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
2. SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (CONTINUED)
In general, for consolidation purposes, assets and liabilities of its subsidiaries whose functional currency is not the US$ are translated into US$, in accordance with ASC Topic 830-30, “Translation of Financial Statement”, using the exchange rate on the balance sheet date. Revenues and expenses are translated at average rates prevailing during the period. The gains and losses resulting from translation of financial statements of a foreign subsidiary are recorded as a separate component of accumulated other comprehensive income within the statement of stockholders’ equity.
Translation of amounts from the local currencies of the Company into US$ has been made at the following exchange rates for the respective periods:

​ | ​ | ​ | March 31, | ​
​ | ​ | ​ | 2017 | ​ | ​ | 2016 | ​
Balance sheet items, except for equity accounts | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 6.8912 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 6.4494 | ​ | ​

​ | ​ | ​ | For the years ended March 31, | ​
​ | ​ | ​ | 2017 | ​ | ​ | 2016 | ​
Items in the statements of operations and comprehensive loss, and statements of cash flows | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 6.7304 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 6.3271 | ​ | ​

(d) Use of estimates
The preparation of financial statements in conformity with U.S.GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements, and the reported amounts of revenue and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could differ from those estimates. On an ongoing basis, management reviews these estimates and assumptions using the currently available information. Changes in facts and circumstances may cause the Company to revise its estimates. The Company bases its estimates on historical experience and on various other assumptions that are believed to be reasonable, the results of which form the basis for making judgments about the carrying values of assets and liabilities. The following are some of the areas requiring significant judgments and estimates: determinations of the useful lives of long-lived assets, estimates of allowances for doubtful accounts and valuation assumptions in performing asset impairment tests of long-lived assets, and determination of fair value of net identifiable assets in the business acquisition.
(e) Fair values of financial instruments
ASC Topic 825, Financial Instruments (“Topic 825”) requires disclosure of fair value information of financial instruments, whether or not recognized in the balance sheets, for which it is practicable to estimate that value. In cases where quoted market prices are not available, fair values are based on estimates using present value or other valuation techniques. Those techniques are significantly affected by the assumptions used, including the discount rate and estimates of future cash flows. In that regard, the derived fair value estimates cannot be substantiated by comparison to independent markets and, in many cases, could not be realized in immediate settlement of the instruments. Topic 825 excludes certain financial instruments and all nonfinancial assets and liabilities from its disclosure requirements. Accordingly, the aggregate fair value amounts do not represent the underlying value of the Company.
Level 1 inputs to the valuation methodology are quoted prices (unadjusted) for identical assets or liabilities in active markets.
Level 2 inputs to the valuation methodology include quoted prices for similar assets and liabilities in active markets, and inputs that are observable for the assets or liability, either directly or indirectly, for substantially the full term of the financial instruments.
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
SENMIAO TECHNOLOGY LIMITED
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
2. SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (CONTINUED)
Level 3 inputs to the valuation methodology are unobservable and significant to the fair value.
As of March 31, 2017 and 2016, financial instruments of the Company primarily comprised of cash and cash equivalents, receivables and other assets, other liabilities and due to shareholders. The financial instruments were carried at cost on the balance sheets, and carrying amounts approximated their fair values because of their generally short maturities.
(f) Cash and cash equivalents
Cash and cash equivalents primarily consists of bank deposits with original maturities of three months or less, which are unrestricted as to withdrawal and use.
(g) Property and equipment
Property and equipment primarily consists of computer equipment, which is stated at cost less accumulated depreciation and amortization less any provision required for impairment in value. Depreciation and amortization are computed using the straight-line method with no residual value based on the estimated useful life. The useful life of property and equipment are summarized as follows:

​ | Computer equipment purchased | ​ | ​ | 3 years​ | ​
​ | Computer equipment obtained in the Acquisition (see note 3) | ​ | ​ | 2 years​ | ​

The Company reviews property and equipment for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of an asset may not be recoverable. An asset is considered impaired if its carrying amount exceeds the future net undiscounted cash flows that the asset is expected to generate. If such asset is considered to be impaired, the impairment recognized is the amount by which the carrying amount of the asset, if any, exceeds its fair value determined using a discounted cash flow model. For the years ended March 31, 2017 and 2016, there was no impairment of property and equipment.
Costs of repairs and maintenance are expensed as incurred and asset improvements are capitalized. The cost and related accumulated depreciation and amortization of assets disposed of or retired are removed from the accounts, and any resulting gain or loss is reflected in the consolidated income statements.
(h) Intangible assets
On September 25, 2016, Sichuan Senmiao acquired a peer-to-peer platform(including website, ICP license, operating systems, servers, and management system, collectively “Platform”) and relevant employees and users of the Platform Chenghexin, who had established and operated the platform for two years prior to the Acquisition. Prior to the Acquisition, Sichuan Senmiao was a holding company that owned a 60% equity interest in an equity investment fund management company. Sichuan Senmiao sold its 60% equity interest for a cash consideration of RMB 60,000,000 (US$8,914,833) immediately following the Acquisition, in order to focus on the online marketplace lending business.
As more fully described in Note 3, the acquisition was accounted for under the acquisition method of accounting which required the Company to perform an allocation of the purchase price to the assets acquired. Under the acquisition method of accounting, the total purchase price is allocated to net tangible and intangible assets based on their estimated fair values as of the acquisition date.
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
SENMIAO TECHNOLOGY LIMITED
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
2. SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (CONTINUED)
Purchased intangible assets are recognized and measured at fair value upon acquisition. Separately identifiable intangible assets that have determinable lives continue to be amortized over their estimated useful lives using the straight-line method as follows:

​ | Platform | ​ | ​ | 7 years​ | ​
​ | Customer relationship | ​ | ​ | 10 years​ | ​

Separately identifiable intangible assets to be held and used are reviewed for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of such assets may not be recoverable. Determination of recoverability is based on an estimate of undiscounted future cash flows resulting from the use of the asset and its eventual disposition. Measurement of any impairment loss for identifiable intangible assets is based on the amount by which the carrying amount of the assets exceeds the fair value of the assets. For the years ended March 31, 2017 and 2016, there was no impairment of intangible assets.
(i) Business combination
The Company accounts for its business combination using the acquisition method of accounting in accordance with ASC 805 “Business Combinations”. The cost of an acquisition is measured as the aggregate of the acquisition date fair values of the assets transferred and liabilities incurred by the Company to the sellers and equity instruments issued. Transaction costs directly attributable to the acquisition are expensed as incurred. Identifiable assets and liabilities acquired or assumed are measured separately at their fair values as of the acquisition date, irrespective of the extent of any non-controlling interests. The excess of   (i) the total costs of acquisition, fair value of the non-controlling interests and acquisition date fair value of any previously held equity interest in the acquiree over (ii) the fair value of the identifiable net assets of the acquiree is recorded as goodwill.
(j) Goodwill
Goodwill represents the excess of the purchase consideration over the fair value of the identifiable tangible and intangible assets acquired and liabilities assumed of the acquired entity or business as a result of the Company’s acquisitions of interests in its subsidiaries and VIE and business. Goodwill is not amortized but is tested for impairment on an annual basis, or more frequently if events or changes in circumstances indicate that it might be impaired. The Company first assesses qualitative factors to determine whether it is necessary to perform the two-step quantitative goodwill impairment test. In the qualitative assessment, the Company considers primary factors such as industry and market considerations, overall financial performance of the reporting unit, and other specific information related to the operations. Based on the qualitative assessment, if it is more likely than not that the fair value of each reporting unit is less than the carrying amount, the quantitative impairment test is performed.
In performing the two-step quantitative impairment test, the first step compares the fair values of each reporting unit to its carrying amount, including goodwill. If the fair value of each reporting unit exceeds its carrying amount, goodwill is not considered to be impaired and the second step will not be required. If the carrying amount of a reporting unit exceeds its fair value, the second step compares the implied fair value of goodwill to the carrying value of a reporting unit’s goodwill. The implied fair value of goodwill is determined in a manner similar to accounting for a business combination with the allocation of the assessed fair value determined in the first step to the assets and liabilities of the reporting unit. The excess of the fair value of the reporting unit over the amounts assigned to the assets and liabilities is the implied fair value of goodwill. This allocation process is only performed for the purposes of evaluating goodwill impairment and does not result in an entry to adjust the value of any assets or liabilities. Application of a goodwill impairment test requires significant management judgment, including the identification of reporting units, assigning assets, liabilities and goodwill to reporting units, and determining the fair value of each reporting unit.
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
SENMIAO TECHNOLOGY LIMITED
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
2. SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (CONTINUED)
(k) Earnings per share
Basic earnings per share is computed by dividing net income attributable to ordinary shareholders by the weighted average number of outstanding ordinary shares, adjusted for outstanding ordinary shares that are subject to repurchase.
For the calculation of diluted earnings per share, net income attributable to ordinary shareholders for basic earnings per share is adjusted by the effect of dilutive securities, including share-based awards, under the treasury stock method. Potentially dilutive securities, of which the amounts are insignificant, have been excluded from the computation of diluted net income per share if their inclusion is anti-dilutive.
(l) Revenue recognition
Consistent with the criteria of ASC 605 “Revenue Recognition” (“ASC605”), the Company recognizes revenue when the following four revenue recognition criteria are met: (i) persuasive evidence of an arrangement exists, (ii) the service has been rendered, (iii) the fees are fixed or determinable, and (iv) collectability is reasonably assured.
During the year ended March 31, 2017 and 2016, the Company generates revenues primarily from transaction fees and service fees in matching investors with borrowers and for other services we provide over the life of a loan.
Borrowers and Credit Partners— Transaction fees are paid by borrowers and credit partners to the Company for the work the Company performs through its platform at the time of loan issuance. The amount of these fees is based upon the loan amount and other terms of the loan, including credit grade, maturity and other factors. These fees are non-refundable upon the issuance of loan.
Investors— We charge investors a service fee on their actual investment return. As a general practice, the Company generally received the service fees upon the investors receive the investment return. The Company recognizes the revenue when loan was repaid and investor received their investment income.
(m) Selling, general and administrative expenses
Selling, general and administrative expenses primarily consisted of salary and employee surcharge, office rental expense, travel expenses, customer verification and credit assessment cost and platform maintenance cost.
(n) Income taxes
Current income tax expenses are provided for in accordance with the laws of the relevant taxing authorities. As part of the process of preparing financial statements, the Company is required to estimate its income taxes in each of the jurisdictions in which it operates. The Company accounts for income taxes using the liability method, under which deferred income taxes are recognized for future tax consequences attributable to differences between the financial statement carrying amounts of existing assets and liabilities and their respective tax bases. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured using enacted tax rates expected to apply to taxable income in the years in which those temporary differences are expected to be recovered or settled. The effect on deferred taxes of a change in tax rates is recognized as income or expense in the period that includes the enactment date. Valuation allowance is provided on deferred tax assets to the extent that it is more likely than not that the asset will not be realizable in the foreseeable future.
The Company adopts ASC 740-10-25 “Income Taxes” which prescribes a more likely than not threshold for financial statement recognition and measurement of a tax position taken or expected to be taken in a tax return. It also provides guidance on derecognition of income tax assets and liabilities, classification of current and deferred income tax assets and liabilities, accounting for interest and penalties associated with tax positions, accounting for income taxes in interim periods and income tax disclosures.
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
SENMIAO TECHNOLOGY LIMITED
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
2. SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (CONTINUED)
The Company did not have significant unrecognized uncertain tax positions or any unrecognized liabilities, interest or penalties associated with unrecognized tax benefit as of and for the years ended March 31, 2017 and 2016.
(o) Comprehensive loss
Comprehensive loss includes net loss and foreign currency adjustments. Comprehensive loss is reported in the statements of operations and comprehensive loss.
Accumulated other comprehensive loss, as presented on the balance sheets are the cumulative foreign currency translation adjustments. As of March 31, 2017 and 2016, the balance of accumulated other comprehensive loss amounted to $1,107,762 and $506,140, respectively. This is mainly caused by significant changes in exchange rates between the reporting date and the date on which paid-in capital was received.
(p) Leases
Leases are classified as either capital or operating leases. Leases that transfer substantially all the benefits and risks incidental to the ownership of assets are accounted for as if there was an acquisition of an asset and incurrence of an obligation at the inception of the lease. All other leases are accounted for as operating leases wherein rental payments are recognized in the consolidated income statements on a straight-line basis over the lease terms. The Company had no capital leases for the years ended March 31, 2017 and 2016.
(q) Significant risks and uncertainties
1) Credit risk
Assets that potentially subject the Company to significant concentration of credit risk primarily consist of cash and cash equivalents. The maximum exposure of such assets to credit risk is their carrying amount as at the balance sheet dates. As at March 31, 2017 and 2016, the Company held cash and cash equivalents of  $161,292 and $165, respectively, which were primarily deposited in financial institutions located in Mainland China, which were uninsured by the government authority. To limit exposure to credit risk relating to deposits, the Company primarily place cash deposits with large financial institutions in China which management believes are of high credit quality.
The Company’s operations are carried out in Mainland China. Accordingly, the Company’s business, financial condition and results of operations may be influenced by the political, economic and legal environments in the PRC as well as by the general state of the PRC’s economy. In addition, the Company’s business may be influenced by changes in governmental policies with respect to laws and regulations, anti-inflationary measures, currency conversion and remittance abroad, rates and methods of taxation, and the extraction of mining resources, among other factors.
2) Liquidity risk
The Company is also exposed to liquidity risk which is risk that it is unable to provide sufficient capital resources and liquidity to meet its commitments and business needs. Liquidity risk is controlled by the application of financial position analysis and monitoring procedures. When necessary, the Company will turn to other financial institutions and the owners to obtain short-term funding to meet the liquidity shortage.
3) Foreign currency risk
Substantially all of the Company’s operating activities and the Company’s assets and liabilities are denominated in RMB, which is not freely convertible into foreign currencies. All foreign exchange
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NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
2. SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (CONTINUED)
transactions take place either through the Peoples’ Bank of China (“PBOC”) or other authorized financial institutions at exchange rates quoted by PBOC. Approval of foreign currency payments by the PBOC or other regulatory institutions requires submitting a payment application form together with suppliers’ invoices and signed contracts. The value of RMB is subject to changes in central government policies and to international economic and political developments affecting supply and demand in the China Foreign Exchange Trading System market. Where there is a significant change in value of RMB, the gains and losses resulting from translation of financial statements of a foreign subsidiary will be significant affected.
(r) Recently issued accounting standards
In January 2017, the FASB issued ASU No. 2017-01, Business Combinations (Topic 805): Clarifying the definition of a business. The amendments in this ASU is to clarify the definition of a business with the objective of adding guidance to assist entities with evaluating whether transactions should be accounted for as acquisitions (or disposals) of assets or businesses. The definition of a business affects many areas of accounting including acquisitions, disposals, goodwill, and consolidation. The amendments are effective for public business entities for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2016, including interim periods within those fiscal years. For all other entities, the amendments in this ASU are effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2018, and interim periods within fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2019. Management is evaluating the effect, if any, on the Company’s financial statements.
In January 2017, the FASB issued ASU No. 2017-04, Intangibles-Goodwill and Other (Topic 350): Simplifying the Test for Goodwill Impairment. The amended guidance simplifies the subsequent measurement of goodwill by eliminating Step 2 from the goodwill impairment test. Under the amended guidance, we will perform our annual or interim goodwill impairment test by comparing the fair value of a reporting unit with its carrying value, and an impairment charge is recognized for the amount by which the carrying value exceeds the reporting unit’s fair value, not to exceed the total amount of goodwill allocated to that reporting unit. This guidance is effective for annual or any interim goodwill impairment tests in fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2021, with early adoption permitted for interim or annual goodwill impairment tests performed on testing dates after January 1, 2017. We are currently evaluating the impact the adoption of this update will have on our financial statements.
In November 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-18, “Statement of Cash Flows (Topic 230): Restricted Cash.” ASU 2016-18 requires that a statement of cash flows explain the change during the period in the total cash, cash equivalents, and amounts generally described as restricted cash or restricted cash equivalents. Therefore, amounts generally described as restricted cash and restricted cash equivalents should be included with cash and cash equivalents when reconciling the beginning and ending balances shown on the statement of cash flows. The guidance is effective for the Company in the first quarter of 2019 and early adoption is permitted. ASU 2016-18 must be applied retrospectively to all periods presented. The Company is currently evaluating what impact the adoption of this update will have on our statements of cash flows.
In August 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-15, “Classification of Certain Cash Receipts and Cash Payments (Topic 230)”. ASU 2016-15 adds and clarifies guidance on the classification of certain cash receipts and payments in the statement of cash flows, reducing the existing diversity in practice that has resulted from the lack of consistent principles on this topic. ASU 2016-15 is effective for the Company beginning January 1, 2018. Early adoption is permitted. The Company is currently evaluating the impact the adoption of this guidance will have on classifications in its consolidated statements of cash flows.
In February 2016, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (the “FASB”) issued Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) No. 2016-02, Leases (Topic 842). Under the new guidance, lessees will be required recognize the following for all leases (with the exception of short-term leases) at the commencement date: 1) A lease liability, which is a lessee’s obligation to make lease payments arising from a lease, measured on a discounted basis; and 2) A right-of-use asset, which is an asset that represents the
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NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
2. SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (CONTINUED)
lessee’s right to use, or control the use of, a specified asset for the lease term. The new lease guidance simplified the accounting for sale and leaseback transactions primarily because lessees must recognize lease assets and lease liabilities. Lessees will no longer be provided with a source of off-balance sheet financing. The amendments in this ASU are effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2019, including interim periods within those years. The Company is evaluating this ASU and has not determined the effect of this standard on its ongoing financial reporting.
In November 2015, the FASB issued ASU No. 2015-17, “Income Taxes, Balance Sheet Classification of Deferred Taxes” (“ASU 2015-17”). The new guidance requires that deferred tax assets and liabilities be classified as non-current on the balance sheet, as opposed to current guidance which requires a net current asset or liability and net non-current asset or liability on the balance sheet. The new standard is effective for financial statements issued for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2016. The new standard may be applied either prospectively or retrospectively to all periods presented. Early adoption is permitted. The adoption of this ASU did not have a material effect on the Company’s financial statements.
In September 2015, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued updated guidance, which eliminates the requirement for an acquirer in a business combination to account for measurement-period adjustments retrospectively. Acquirers must recognize measurement-period adjustments during the period of resolution, including the effect on earnings of any amounts they would have recorded in previous periods if the accounting had been completed at the acquisition date. The updated guidance is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2015. Earlier adoption is permitted for any interim and annual financial statements that have not yet been issued. The adoption of this ASU did not have a material effect on the Company’s financial statements.
In August 2015, the FASB issued updated guidance concerning presentation and subsequent measurement of debt issuance costs relating to line of credit arrangements, which can be presented on the balance sheet as an asset to be subsequently amortized ratably over the term of the line of credit arrangement. The updated guidance is effective immediately. This updated guidance did not have a material impact on our financial statements.
In April 2015, the FASB issued ASU No. 2015-03, Simplifying the Presentation of Debt Issuance Costs, which changes the presentation of debt issuance costs in financial statements. Under this ASU, an entity presents such costs on the balance sheet as a direct deduction from the related debt liability rather than as an asset. This new standard is effective for annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2015, including interim periods within that reporting period, with early adoption permitted. The adoption of this ASU did not have a material effect on the Company’s financial statements.
In May 2014, the FASB issued ASU 2014-09, “Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606)” (“ASU 2014-09”). ASU 2014-09 supersedes the revenue recognition requirements in ASC Topic 605, “Revenue Recognition” and some cost guidance included in ASC Subtopic 605-35, “Revenue Recognition — Construction-Type and Production-Type Contracts.” The core principle of ASU 2014-09 is that revenue is recognized when the transfer of goods or services to customers occurs in an amount that reflects the consideration to which the Company expects to be entitled in exchange for those goods or services. ASU 2014-09 requires the disclosure of sufficient information to enable readers of the Company’s financial statements to understand the nature, amount, timing and uncertainty of revenue and cash flows arising from customer contracts. ASU 2014-09 also requires disclosure of information regarding significant judgments and changes in judgments, and assets recognized from costs incurred to obtain or fulfill a contract. ASU 2014-09 provides two methods of retrospective application. The first method would require the Company to apply ASU 2014-09 to each prior reporting period presented. The second method would require the Company to retrospectively apply ASU 2014-09 with the cumulative effect recognized at the date of initial application. ASU 2014-09 will be effective for the Company beginning in fiscal 2019 as a result of ASU 2015-14, “Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606): Deferral of the Effective Date,” which
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NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
2. SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (CONTINUED)
was issued by the FASB in August 2015 and extended the original effective date by one year. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of adopting the available methodologies of ASU 2014-09 and 2015-14 upon its financial statements in future reporting periods. The Company has not yet selected a transition method. The Company is in the process of evaluating the new standard against its existing accounting policies, including the timing of revenue recognition and its contracts with customers to determine the effect the guidance will have on its financial statements and what changes to systems and controls may be warranted.
There have been four new ASUs issued amending certain aspects of ASU 2014-09, ASU 2016-08, “Principal versus Agent Considerations (Reporting Revenue Gross Versus Net),” was issued in March, 2016 to clarify certain aspects of the principal versus agent guidance in ASU 2014-09. In addition, ASU 2016-10, “Identifying Performance Obligations and Licensing,” issued in April 2016, amends other sections of ASU 2014-09 including clarifying guidance related to identifying performance obligations and licensing implementation. ASU 2016-12, “Revenue from Contracts with Customers — Narrow Scope Improvements and Practical Expedients” provides amendments and practical expedients to the guidance in ASU 2014-09 in the areas of assessing collectability, presentation of sales taxes received from customers, noncash consideration, contract modification and clarification of using the full retrospective approach to adopt ASU 2014-09. Finally, ASU 2016-20, “Technical Corrections and Improvements to Topic 606, Revenue from Contracts with Customers,” was issued in December 2016, and provides elections regarding the disclosures required for remaining performance obligations in certain cases and also makes other technical corrections and improvements to the standard. With its evaluation of the impact of ASU 2014-09, the Company will also consider the impact on its financial statements related to the updated guidance provided by these four new ASUs. These amendments have the same effective date as the new revenue standard. Preliminarily, the Company plans to adopt Topic 606 in the first quarter of its fiscal 2018 using the retrospective transition method, and is continuing to evaluate the impact of its pending adoption of Topic 606 will have on its consolidated financial statements. The Company’s current revenue recognition policies are generally consistent with the new revenue recognition standards set forth in ASU 2014-09. Potential adjustments to input measures are not expected to be pervasive to the majority of the Company’s contracts. While no significant impact is expected upon adoption of the new guidance, the Company will not be able to make that determination until the time of adoption based upon outstanding contracts at that time.
3. RESTATEMENT OF CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
The Company has noted the following errors in relation to its consolidated financial statements for the year ended March 31, 2017 that had been filed on July 25, 2017. The errors related to the correction of adjustment of disposal loss arising from discontinued operations and accrual of unpaid employee benefit contributions.
1) Adjustment of disposal loss arising from discontinued operation
Pursuant to ASC 205-20-45-3A, the disposal loss arising from discontinued operations shall be accounted for the results of the discontinued operations. As a result, the Company made an accounting adjustment reflected in the restated consolidated financial statements contained in this Form S-1. As a result, net loss from continuing operations decreased by $64,968, while net loss from discontinued operations increased by $64,986. The accounting adjustment had no impact on the consolidated balance sheet.
2) Accrual of employee benefit contributions
As of March 31, 2017, the Company did not make adequate employee benefit contributions in the amount of  $34,437. The Company accrued the amount in accrued payroll and welfare (Note 9).
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NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
3. RESTATEMENT OF CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED)
The following table sets forth the adjustment to the Company’s results of operations compared to the previously reported consolidated financial statements.
The effects of the restatement on the Company’s consolidated balance sheet as of March 31, 2017 are as follows:

​ | ​ | ​ | As at March 31, 2017 | ​
​ | ​ | ​ | As Previously Reported | ​ | ​ | Adjustments | ​ | ​ | As Restated | ​
Accrued expenses and other liabilities | ​ | ​ | ​ | $ | 55,819 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | $ | 34,437 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | $ | 90,256 | ​ | ​
Total Current Liabilities | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 389,580 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 34,437 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 424,017 | ​ | ​
Accumulated deficit | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | (587,437) | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | (35,260) | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | (622,697) | ​ | ​
Accumulated other comprehensive loss | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | (1,108,585) | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 823 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | (1,107,762) | ​ | ​
Total Shareholders’ Equity | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 9,665,106 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | (34,437) | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 9,630,669 | ​ | ​
Total equity | ​ | ​ | ​ | $ | 9,665,106 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | $ | (34,437) | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | $ | 9,630,669 | ​ | ​

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NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
3. RESTATEMENT OF CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED)
The effects of the restatement on the Company’s consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income (loss) for the year ended March 31, 2017 are as follows:

​ | ​ | ​ | For The Years Ended March 31, 2017 | ​
​ | ​ | ​ | As Previously Reported | ​ | ​ | Adjustments | ​ | ​ | As Restated | ​
Selling, general and administrative expenses | ​ | ​ | ​ | $ | (223,512) | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | $ | (35,260) | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | $ | (258,772) | ​ | ​
Total operating expenses | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | (548,222) | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | (35,260) | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | (583,482) | ​ | ​
Loss from operations | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | (474,985) | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | (35,260) | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | (510,245) | ​ | ​
Loss on disposal of a subsidiary | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | (64,968) | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 64,968 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​
Total other income | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | (64,492) | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 64,968 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 476 | ​ | ​
Loss before income taxes | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | (539,477) | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 29,708 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | (509,769) | ​ | ​
Net loss from continuing operations | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | (539,477) | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 29,708 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | (509,769) | ​ | ​
Net (loss)/income from discontinued operations, net of tax | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | (21,908) | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | (64,968) | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | (86,876) | ​ | ​
Net Loss | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | (561,385) | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | (35,260) | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | (596,645) | ​ | ​
Net loss attributable to Senmiao Technology Limited | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | (552,622) | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | (35,260) | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | (587,882) | ​ | ​
Net loss attributable to Senmiao Technology Limited from continuing operation | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | (539,477) | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 29,708 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | (509,769) | ​ | ​
Net (loss)/income attributable to Senmiao Technology Limited from discontinued operation | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | (13,145) | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | (64,968) | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | (78,113) | ​ | ​
Foreign currency translation adjustment | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | (807,847) | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 823 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | (807,024) | ​ | ​
Comprehensive Loss | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | (1,369,232) | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | (34,437) | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | (1,403,669) | ​ | ​
Comprehensive loss attributable to Senmiao Technology Limited | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | (1,155,067) | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | (34,437) | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | (1,189,504) | ​ | ​
Comprehensive loss attributable to Senmiao Technology Limited from continuing operation | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | (1,142,014) | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | (49,704) | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | (1,191,718) | ​ | ​
Comprehensive (loss)/income attributable to Senmiao Technology Limited from discontinued operation | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | (13,053) | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 15,267 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 2,214 | ​ | ​
Earnings per share | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Basic loss for the year attributable to the shareholders of the Company | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | (0.03) | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | (0.00) | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | (0.03) | ​ | ​
Diluted loss for the year attributable to the shareholders of the Company | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | (0.03) | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | (0.00) | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | (0.03) | ​ | ​
Earnings per share from continuing operations | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Basic loss from continuing operations attributable to the shareholders of the Company | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | (0.03) | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 0.00 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | (0.03) | ​ | ​
Diluted loss from continuing operations attributable to the shareholders of the Company | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | (0.03) | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 0.00 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | (0.03) | ​ | ​
Earnings per share from discontinued operations | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Basic (loss)/profit from discontinued operations attributable to the shareholder of the Company | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | (0.00) | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | (0.00) | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | (0.00) | ​ | ​
Diluted (loss)/profit from discontinued operations attributable to the shareholder of the Company | ​ | ​ | ​ | $ | (0.00) | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | $ | (0.00) | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | $ | (0.00) | ​ | ​

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SENMIAO TECHNOLOGY LIMITED
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
3. RESTATEMENT OF CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED)
The effects of the restatement on the Company’s consolidated statements of changes in shareholders’ equity for the year ended March 31, 2017 are as follows:

​ | ​ | ​ | Accumulated Deficit as Reported | ​ | ​ | Accumulated Deficit as Restated | ​ | ​ | Accumulated other comprehensive Income as Reported | ​ | ​ | Accumulated other comprehensive Income as Restated | ​ | ​ | Total Equity as Reported | ​ | ​ | Total Equity as Restated | ​
Net loss | ​ | ​ | ​ | $ | (552,622) | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | $ | (587,882) | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | $ | — | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | $ | — | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | $ | (561,385) | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | $ | (596,645) | ​ | ​
Foreign currency translation loss | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | (602,445) | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | (601,622) | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | (807,847) | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | (807,024) | ​ | ​
Disposal of a subsidiary | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | (5,986,534) | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | (5,986,534) | ​ | ​
Balance as of March 31, 2017 | ​ | ​ | ​ | $ | (587,437) | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | $ | (622,697) | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | $ | (1,108,585) | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | $ | (1,107,762) | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | $ | 9,665,106 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | $ | 9,630,669 | ​ | ​
​

The effects of the restatement on the Company’s consolidated statements of cash flows for the year ended March 31, 2017 are as follows:

​ | ​ | ​ | For The Years Ended March 31, 2017 | ​
​ | ​ | ​ | As Previously Reported | ​ | ​ | Adjustments | ​ | ​ | As Restated | ​
Net loss from continuing operations | ​ | ​ | ​ | $ | (539,477) | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 29,708 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | (509,769) | ​ | ​
Loss on disposal of a subsidiary | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 64,968 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | (64,968) | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​
Accrued expenses and other liabilities | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 7,422 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 35,260 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 42,682 | ​ | ​

4. ACQUISITION OF LENDING PLATFORM
On September 25, 2016, Sichuan Senmiao completed the acquisition of a peer-to-peer lending business in Chengdu, Sichuan Province. The Company acquired all of the right, title and interest in and to substantially all of the assets associates with the lending business, including the lending platform (consisting of website, ICP license, operating systems, servers, and management system), all its employees, users and computer equipment. Under the terms of the purchase agreement, the seller received an aggregate consideration of RMB 69,690,000 in cash (approximately $10.1 million). The cash consideration was fully funded by the paid-in capital of Sichuan Senmiao and was fully paid in March 2017.
The acquisition cost amounting to $6,163 was recorded in general and administrative expenses when it was incurred.
The acquisition had been accounted for as a business combination and the results of operations of the Platform have been included in the Company’s consolidated financial statements from the acquisition date. The Company made estimates and judgments in determining the fair value of acquired assets and liabilities, based on an independent preliminary valuation report and management’s experiences with similar assets and liabilities. The following table summarizes the estimated fair values for major classes of assets acquired and liabilities assumed at the date of acquisition, using the exchange rate of 6.6714 on that day.

​ | ​ | ​ | Fair value | ​
Net tangible assets | ​ | ​ | ​ | $ | 3,735 | ​ | ​
Platform | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 4,230,000 | ​ | ​
User relationships | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 395,000 | ​ | ​
Goodwill | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 5,817,308 | ​ | ​
Total purchase consideration | ​ | ​ | ​ | $ | 10,446,043 | ​ | ​
​

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NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
4. ACQUISITION OF LENDING PLATFORM (CONTINUED)
The accounting literature establishes guidelines regarding the presentation of this unaudited pro forma information. Therefore, this unaudited pro forma information is not intended to represent, nor do we believe it is indicative of, the consolidated results of operations of Senmiao that would have been reported had the acquisition been completed as of April 1, 2016. Furthermore, this unaudited pro forma information does not give effect to the anticipated business and tax synergies of the acquisition and is not representative or indicative of the anticipated future consolidated results of operations of Senmiao.
The unaudited pro forma consolidated financial information reflects the historical results of the peer-to-peer lending business, adjusted to reflect the acquisition had it been completed as of April 1, 2016. The most significant pro forma adjustments to the historical results of operations relate to the application of purchase accounting for the acquisition. The unaudited pro forma financial information includes various assumptions, including those related to the finalization of the purchase price allocation.
UNAUDITED PRO FORMA CONSOLIDATED INCOME STATEMENTS
FOR THE YEAR ENDED MARCH 31, 2017

​ | ​ | ​ | For the Year Ended March 31, 2017 | ​
​ | ​ | ​ | Senmiao | ​ | ​ | Acquisition* | ​ | ​ | Acquisition adjustments | ​ | ​ | Pro Forma Financial Data | ​
​ | ​ | ​ | Restated | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | Restated | ​
Revenues | ​ | ​ | ​ | $ | 73,237 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | $ | 118,534 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | $ | 191,771 | ​ | ​
Gross revenues | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 73,237 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 118,534 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 191,771 | ​ | ​
Operating expenses | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Selling, general and administrative expenses | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | (258,772) | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | (69,806) | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | (328,578) | ​ | ​
Amortization of intangible assets | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | (324,710) | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | (319,074)(1) | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | (643,784) | ​ | ​
Total operating expenses | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | (583,482) | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | (69,806) | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | (319,074) | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | (972,362) | ​ | ​
(Loss)/Income from operations | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | (510,245) | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 48,728 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | (319,074) | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | (780,591) | ​ | ​
Other income | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Interest income | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 30 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 30 | ​ | ​
Other income, net | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 446 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 446 | ​ | ​
Total other income | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 476 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 476 | ​ | ​
(Loss)/Income Before Income Taxes | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | (509,769) | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 48,728 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | (319,074) | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | (780,115) | ​ | ​
Income tax recovery/(expense) | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | (12,290) | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 12,290(2) | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​
Net (Loss)/Income from continuing operations | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | (509,769) | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 36,438 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | (306,784) | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | (780,115) | ​ | ​
Net loss from discontinued operations | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | (86,876) | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | (86,876) | ​ | ​
Net (Loss)/Income | ​ | ​ | ​ | $ | (596,645) | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | $ | 36,438 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | $ | (306,784) | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | $ | (866,991) | ​ | ​
​

​
*
the income statement of the Acquisition is for the period from April 1, 2016 to September 25, 2016.
​
(1)
Represents the amortization of the Platform and user relationships which were acquired through the Acquisition. Their estimated useful life is10 years for user relationship and 7 years for the Platform, respectively.
​
(2)
The tax effects of pro forma adjustments have been applied using the statutory rates in effect for the relevant jurisdictions during the period presented.
​
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SENMIAO TECHNOLOGY LIMITED
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
5. DISCONTINUED OPERATION
During the year ended March 31, 2016, the Company intended to sell its 60% equity interest in Zhongyi Yinfeng Investment Management Co., Ltd. (Zhongyi Yinfeng), to an unrelated third party, for a cash consideration of RMB 60,000,000 (equivalent of   $8.9 million). For disposal transactions that occur on or after April 1, 2015, a component of the Company is reported in discontinued operations after meeting the criteria for held-for-sale classification if the disposition represents a strategic shift that has (or will have) a major effect on the Company’s operations and financial results. The Company analyzed the quantitative and qualitative factors relevant to the disposal of equity interest in Zhongyi Yinfeng and determined the criteria for held-for-sale classification have been met, and the transaction represents a strategic shift where the Company is exiting the private equity investment, which will have a major effect on the Company’s operations and financial results going forward. As such, the financial results of Zhongyi Yinfeng are reported within discontinued operations in the consolidated financial statements. The consolidated financial statements and amounts previously reported have been reclassified, as necessary, to conform to this presentation in accordance with ASC 205, Presentation of Financial Statements to allow for meaningful comparison of continuing operations.
As of September 30, 2016, the date of completion of the disposal, the net asset of Zhongyi Yinfeng amounted to approximately $15.0 million and the non-controlling interest amounted to approximately $6.0 million. As a result, the Company recorded a loss of$64,968 on the sale of Zhongyi Yinfeng, in which the Company held a 60% equity interest.
The transaction qualified to be presented as discontinued operations as it met the criterion of 1) the disposed subsidiary is a component of an entity; 2) the subsidiary was disposed of by sale, and 3) the disposal represents a strategic shift that has a major effect on an entity’s operations and financial results.
Results of the discontinued operations are summarized as follows:

​ | ​ | ​ | For the six months ended September 30, 2016 | ​ | ​ | For the year ended March 31, 2016 | ​
​ | ​ | ​ | (Restated) | ​ | ​
Sales | ​ | ​ | ​ | $ | 12,936 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | $ | 88,992 | ​ | ​
General and administrative expenses | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | (35,088) | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | (92,760) | ​ | ​
Other income | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 244 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 8,970 | ​ | ​
Income tax expense | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | (753) | ​ | ​
Loss on disposal of a subsidiary | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | (64,968) | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​
Net (loss)/income from discontinued operations | ​ | ​ | ​ | $ | (86,876) | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | $ | 4,449 | ​ | ​
​

The following table summarizes the carrying amounts of the major classes of assets and liabilities held for sale in the consolidated balance sheets as of September 30, 2016 and March 31, 2016, respectively:

​ | ​ | ​ | September 30, 2016 | ​ | ​ | March 31, 2016 | ​
Cash and cash equivalents | ​ | ​ | ​ | $ | 1,084 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | $ | 1,948 | ​ | ​
Due from related parties | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 9,270,711 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 9,864,099 | ​ | ​
Other current assets | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 7,511,162 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 7,768,428 | ​ | ​
Long-term investment | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 2,248,801 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 2,325,816 | ​ | ​
Assets of disposal group classified as held for sale | ​ | ​ | ​ | $ | 19,031,758 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | $ | 19,960,291 | ​ | ​
Due to related parties | ​ | ​ | ​ | $ | 3,930,649 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | $ | 4,415,346 | ​ | ​
Other current liabilities | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 134,774 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 43,197 | ​ | ​
​

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SENMIAO TECHNOLOGY LIMITED
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
5. DISCONTINUED OPERATION (CONTINUED)

​ | ​ | ​ | September 30, 2016 | ​ | ​ | March 31, 2016 | ​
Liabilities directly associated with the assets classified as held for sale | ​ | ​ | ​ | $ | 4,065,423 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | $ | 4,458,543 | ​ | ​
Non-controlling interest in net assets of discontinued operation | ​ | ​ | ​ | $ | 5,986,534 | ​ | ​ | ​
Company’s interest in net assets of discontinued operation | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 8,979,801 | ​ | ​ | ​
Less: Cash consideration received from disposal of the subsidiary | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 8,914,833 | ​ | ​ | ​
Loss on disposal of a subsidiary | ​ | ​ | ​ | $ | 64,968 | ​ | ​ | ​

During the year ended March 31, 2016, the Company did not incur significant divestures.
6. PREPAYMENTS, RECEIVABLES AND OTHER ASSETS
As of March 31, 2017 and 2016, prepayments, receivables and other assets consisted of the following:

​ | ​ | ​ | March 31, 2017 | ​ | ​ | March 31, 2016 | ​
Due from a third party | ​ | ​ | ​ | $ | — | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | $ | 1,550,544 | ​ | ​
Staff IOU | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 8,654 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​
Prepaid expenses | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 6,961 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​
Advance to a supplier | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 3,309 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​
Others | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 552 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | $ | 19,476 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | $ | 1,550,544 | ​ | ​
​

The balance of  $1,550,544 was due from a third party who is a potential business partner. It was an advanced to the third party as a support of business. The advance was interest free and was fully repaid during the year ended March 31, 2017.
7. PROPERTY AND EQUIPEMENT, NET
The Company’s property and equipment are recorded at cost less accumulated depreciation. Depreciation expenses are calculated using straight-line method over the estimated useful life with no salvage value.
Property and equipment consist of the following:

​ | ​ | ​ | Useful life | ​ | ​ | March 31, 2017 | ​ | ​ | March 31, 2016 | ​
Purchased computer equipment | ​ | ​ | 3 years​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | $ | 1,971 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | $ | — | ​ | ​
Computer equipment acquired in the Acquisition (Note 3) | ​ | ​ | 2 years​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 3,616 | ​ | ​ | ​
Less: accumulated depreciation | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | (939) | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | $ | 4,648 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | $ | — | ​ | ​
​

Depreciation expense totaled $961 and nil for the years ended March 31, 2017 and 2016, respectively.
8. INTANGIBLE ASSETS, NET
As noted in Note 4, Sichuan Senmiao completed the acquisition of a peer-to-peer lending business. The Company acquired all of the right, title and interest in and to substantially all of the assets associates with the lending business, including the lending platform, (consisting of website, ICP license, operating systems, servers, and management system), all its employees and users and computer equipment.
The following table summarizes the estimated fair values for major classes of assets acquired and liabilities assumed at the date of acquisition, using the exchange rate of 6.6714 on that day:
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SENMIAO TECHNOLOGY LIMITED
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
8. INTANGIBLE ASSETS, NET (CONTINUED)

​ | ​ | ​ | Fair value | ​
Net tangible assets | ​ | ​ | ​ | $ | 3,735 | ​ | ​
Platform | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 4,230,000 | ​ | ​
User relationships | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 395,000 | ​ | ​
Goodwill | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 5,817,308 | ​ | ​
Total purchase consideration | ​ | ​ | ​ | $ | 10,446,043 | ​ | ​
​

In addition to the Platform and user relationships obtained in the Acquisition, the Company obtained software of   $78,896 which is used to improve the efficiency of the Platform. As of March 31, 2017, the intangible assets consist of the following:

​ | ​ | ​ | Useful life | ​ | ​ | March 31, 2017 | ​ | ​ | March 31, 2016 | ​
​ | ​ | ​ | (years) | ​ | ​ | ​
User relationship | ​ | ​ | 10 | ​ | ​ | ​ | $ | 382,405 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | $ | — | ​ | ​
Less: accumulated amortization | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | (19,120) | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | $ | 363,285 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | $ | — | ​ | ​
Platform | ​ | ​ | 7 | ​ | ​ | ​ | $ | 4,095,124 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | $ | — | ​ | ​
Software | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 77,055 | ​ | ​ | ​
Less: accumulated amortization | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | (298,013) | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | $ | 3,874,166 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | $ | — | ​ | ​
​

Amortization expense totaled $324,710 and nil for the years ended March 31, 2017 and 2016, respectively.
9. ACCRUED EXPENSES AND OTHER LIABILITIES
As of March 31, 2017 and 2016, accrued expenses and other liabilities consisted of the following:

​ | ​ | ​ | March 31, 2017 | ​ | ​ | March 31, 2016 | ​
Other payable for intangible assets | ​ | ​ | ​ | $ | 19,010 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | $ | — | ​ | ​
Accrued payroll and welfare | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 68,976 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 3,088 | ​ | ​
Other tax payable | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 2,270 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​
Others current liabilities | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 28,497 | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | $ | 90,256 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | $ | 31,585 | ​ | ​
​

The balance of other current liability represented amount due to suppliers for operating expenses.
10. EMPLOYEE BENEFIT PLAN
The Company has made employee benefit contribution in accordance with relevant Chinese regulations, including retirement insurance, unemployment insurance, medical insurance, housing fund, work injury insurance and maternity insurance. The Company recorded the contribution in the salary and employee charges when incurred. The contributions made by the Company were $6,706 and nil for the years ended March 31, 2017 and 2016, respectively.
As of March 31, 2017, the Company did not make adequate employee benefit contributions in the amount of  $34,437. The Company accrued the amount in accrued payroll and welfare (Note 9).
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SENMIAO TECHNOLOGY LIMITED
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
11. COMMON STOCK
The Company is authorized to issue 100,000,000 shares of  $0.0001 par value common stock. On September 18, 2017, the Company issued common stocks of an aggregate of 40,500,000 shares of 0.0001 par value to Sichuan Senmiao Shareholders. On January 29, 2018, our board of directors and stockholders approved a one-for-two reverse stock split of our issued and outstanding shares of common stock. As such, the 40,500,000 shares decreased to 20,250,000 shares. In connection with Restructuring, all shares and per share amounts have been retroactively restated as if it occurred on April 1, 2015.
12. INCOME TAXES
The Company is a tax-exempt company incorporated in the State of Nevada and conducts substantially all of its business through its subsidiary and VIE. The Company is subject to corporate income taxes in the PRC and the United States. For the years ended March 31, 2017 and 2016, the statutory income tax rates for the Company and its subsidiary and VIE are as follows:

​ | PRC | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 25% | ​ | ​
​ | United States | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 35% | ​ | ​

The Company is subject to PRC Enterprise Income Tax (“EIT”) on the taxable income in accordance with the relevant PRC income tax laws. The EIT rate for companies operating in the PRC is 25%.
The Company’s income or loss before income tax from both continuing operations and discontinued operations are incurred by PRC entities. Income taxes that are attributed to the discontinued operations in the PRC were $nil and $753 for the years ended March 31, 2017 and 2016.
Income taxes that are attributed to the continuing operations in the PRC are consist of:

​ | ​ | ​ | Years ended March 31, | ​
​ | ​ | ​ | 2017 | ​ | ​ | 2016 | ​
Current income tax expense | ​ | ​ | ​ | $ | — | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | $ | — | ​ | ​
Deferred income tax benefit | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | $ | — | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | $ | — | ​ | ​
​

The following is a reconciliation of the Company’s total income tax expense to the amount computed by applying the PRC statutory income tax rate of 25% to its loss from continuing operations before income taxes for the years ended March 31, 2017 and 2016:

​ | ​ | ​ | Years ended March 31, | ​
​ | ​ | ​ | 2017 | ​ | ​ | 2016 | ​
​ | ​ | ​ | Restated | ​ | ​
Loss from continuing operations before income taxes | ​ | ​ | ​ | $ | (509,769) | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | $ | (18,723) | ​ | ​
Income tax benefit (expense) at the PRC statutory rate | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 127,442 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 4,681 | ​ | ​
International tax rate differential | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​
Non-deductible expenses | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | (376) | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​
Change in valuation allowance | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | (127,066) | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | (4,681) | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | $ | — | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | $ | — | ​ | ​
​

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SENMIAO TECHNOLOGY LIMITED
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
12. INCOME TAXES (CONTINUED)
The tax effects of temporary differences from continuing operations that give rise to the Company’s deferred tax assets are as follows:

​ | ​ | ​ | March 31, | ​
​ | ​ | ​ | 2017 | ​ | ​ | 2016 | ​
​ | ​ | ​ | Restated | ​ | ​
Deferred tax assets | ​ | ​ | ​ | $ | 131,874 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | $ | 7,855 | ​ | ​
Less: valuation allowance | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | (131,874) | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | (7,855) | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | $ | — | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | $ | — | ​ | ​
​

The Company evaluates the level of authority for each uncertain tax position (including the potential application of interest and penalties) based on the technical merits, and measures the unrecognized benefits associated with the tax positions. For the years ended March 31, 2017 and 2016, the Company had no unrecognized tax benefits. As of March 31, 2017 and 2016, the Company had net accumulated tax loss carry-forwards of  $527,498 and $31,420, which will expire in 2022 and 2021, respectively. The Company reviews deferred tax assets for a valuation allowance based upon whether it is more likely than not that the deferred tax asset will be fully realized. At March 31, 2017 and 2016, a valuation allowance is provided against the deferred tax assets based upon management’s assessment as to their realization.
The Company does not anticipate any significant increase to its asset for unrecognized tax benefit within the next 12 months. The Company will classify interest and penalties related to income tax matters, if any, in income tax expense.
The Company evaluates its valuation allowance requirements at end of each reporting period by reviewing all available evidence, both positive and negative, and considering whether, based on the weight of that evidence, a valuation allowance is needed. When circumstances cause a change in management’s judgement about the realizability of deferred tax assets, the impact of the change on the valuation allowance is generally reflected in income from operations. The future realization of the tax benefit of an existing deductible temporary difference ultimately depends on the existence of sufficient taxable income of the appropriate character within the carryforward period available under applicable tax law.
13. RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS AND BALANCES
1) Nature of relationships with related parties

Name | ​ | ​ | Relationship with the Company | ​
Jun Wang | ​ | ​ | 2.72% Shareholder of the Company and 4.9% shareholder of Sichuan Senmiao as of March 31, 2017 | ​
Xiang Hu | ​ | ​ | 52.22% Shareholder of the Company and 90% shareholder of Sichuan Senmiao as of March 31, 2017 | ​
Hong Li | ​ | ​ | 5.1% Shareholder and management member of Sichuan Senmiao as of March 31, 2017 | ​

2) Related party balances
As of March 31, 2017 and 2016, the balance due to related parties was as follows:

​ | ​ | ​ | March 31, 2017 | ​ | ​ | March 31, 2016 | ​
Jun Wang | ​ | ​ | ​ | $ | 43,534 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | $ | — | ​ | ​
Xiang Hu | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 290,227 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | $ | 333,761 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | $ | — | ​ | ​
​

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TABLE OF CONTENTS
SENMIAO TECHNOLOGY LIMITED
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
13. RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS AND BALANCES (CONTINUED)
The balances due to related parties are unsecured.
3) Related party transactions
During the year ended March 31, 2017, the Company borrowed from Jun Wang and Xiang Hu, the shareholders of the Company and Sichuan Senmiao, in the amount of   $44,574 and $297,162, respectively. These borrowings were non-interest bearing and without specific terms of repayment.
During the years ended March 31, 2017, the Company leased its offices under two lease agreements both with a term from January 1, 2017 to January 1, 2020. Both lease agreements were entered into between the Company with Hong Li, a shareholder and management member of Sichuan Senmiao. For the year ended March 31, 2017, the Company paid rental expenses of  $28,359 to Hong Li.
14. COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES
1) Lease Commitments
During the years ended March 31, 2017, the Company leased its offices under two lease agreements both with a term from January 1, 2017 to January 1, 2020, and leased an apartment for one management member from February 20, 2017 to February 20, 2018. The following table sets forth the Company’s contractual obligations as of March 31, 2017 in future periods:

​ | ​ | ​ | Rental payments | ​
Year ending June 30, 2018 | ​ | ​ | ​ | $ | 116,052 | ​ | ​
Year ending June 30, 2019 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 110,789 | ​ | ​
Year ending June 30, 2020 and thereafter | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 83,092 | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | $ | 309,933 | ​ | ​
​

15. PARENT-ONLY FINANCIALS
SENMIAO TECHNOLOGY LIMITED
BALANCE SHEETS

​ | ​ | ​ | March 31, | ​
​ | ​ | ​ | 2017 | ​ | ​ | 2016 | ​
ASSETS | ​ | ​ | ​
Total Assets | ​ | ​ | ​ | $ | — | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | $ | — | ​ | ​
LIABILITIES AND SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY | ​ | ​ | ​
Total Liabilities | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​
Shareholders’ Equity | ​ | ​ | ​
Common stocks (par value $0.0001 per share, 100,000,000 shares authorized; 20,250,000 and 20,250,000 shares issued and outstanding at March 31, 2017 and 2016, respectively) | ​ | ​ | ​ | $ | 2,025 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | $ | 2,025 | ​ | ​
Additional paid-in capital | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | (2,025) | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | (2,025) | ​ | ​
Retained earnings | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​
Total Shareholders’ Equity | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​
Total Liabilities and Shareholders’ Equity | ​ | ​ | ​ | $ | — | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | $ | — | ​ | ​
​

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TABLE OF CONTENTS
SENMIAO TECHNOLOGY LIMITED
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
15. PARENT-ONLY FINANCIALS (CONTINUED)
SENMIAO TECHNOLOGY LIMITED
STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS

​ | ​ | ​ | For the years ended March 31, | ​
​ | ​ | ​ | 2017 | ​ | ​ | 2016 | ​
Operating expenses: | ​ | ​ | ​
General and administrative expenses | ​ | ​ | ​ | $ | — | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | $ | — | ​ | ​
Total operating expenses | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​
Net Loss | ​ | ​ | ​ | $ | — | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | $ | — | ​ | ​
Net loss per common share – basic and diluted | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​
Weighted average number of common shares – basic and diluted | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 20,250,000 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 20,250,000 | ​ | ​

SENMIAO TECHNOLOGY LIMITED
STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS

​ | ​ | ​ | For the years ended March 31, | ​
​ | ​ | ​ | 2017 | ​ | ​ | 2016 | ​
Cash Flows from Operating Activities | ​ | ​ | ​ | $ | — | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | $ | — | ​ | ​
Cash Flows from Investing Activities | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​
Cash Flows from Financing Activities | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​
Changes in cash and cash equivalents | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​
Cash and cash equivalents, beginning of year | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​
Cash and cash equivalents, end of year | ​ | ​ | ​ | $ | — | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | $ | — | ​ | ​
Supplemental Cash Flows Information: | ​ | ​ | ​
Income tax paid | ​ | ​ | ​ | $ | — | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | $ | — | ​ | ​
Interest paid | ​ | ​ | ​ | $ | — | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | $ | — | ​ | ​
Non-cash investing and financing activities: | ​ | ​ | ​
Shares issued to founders | ​ | ​ | ​ | $ | — | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | $ | — | ​ | ​

(a) Basis of presentation
The condensed financial information of Senmiao Technology Limited, has been prepared using the same accounting policies as set out in the consolidated financial statements. Certain information and footnote disclosures normally included in financial statements prepared in accordance with U.S. GAAP have been condensed or omitted by reference to the consolidated financial statements.
In connection with the Restructuring, the Company consolidates the Senmiao Consulting, the WFOE, and Sichuan Senmiao, the VIE.
Each of the Company’s PRC subsidiaries and VIEs has restrictions on its ability to pay dividends to the Company under PRC laws and regulations. The subsidiaries did not pay any dividends to the Company for the years presented.
(b) Shareholders’ equity
In connection with Restructuring, the Company issued an aggregate of 20,250,000 shares of 0.0001 par value to Sichuan Senmiao Shareholders prior to this offering. The Company recorded additional paid-in capital of   $2,025 for the issuance of shares.
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
SENMIAO TECHNOLOGY LIMITED
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
16. SUBSEQUENT EVENT
On June 19, 2017, the Company sold 100,000 shares of its common stock to an individual for a total purchase price of  $10.00. Such securities were issued pursuant to the exemption from registration contained in Section 4(a)(2) of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended. On January 29, 2018, our board of directors and stockholders approved a one-for-two reverse stock split of our issued and outstanding shares of common stock. As such, the 100,000 shares decreased to 50,000 shares.
On July 11, 2017, the Company issued an aggregate of 4,400,000 shares of common stock to three consultants of the Company for a total purchase price of  $440.00. These shares were also issued as part of consideration for services provided by such consultants to the Company. Such issuances were made pursuant to the exemption from registration contained in Section 4(a)(2) of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended. The Company records a debit expense and a credit additional paid-in capital for the difference between cash consideration of  $440 and the fair value of the services provided. The fair value of the services was estimated by using observable price of the services those non-employees provided to other third party customers. On January 29, 2018, our board of directors and stockholders approved a one-for-two reverse stock split of our issued and outstanding shares of common stock. As such, the 4,400,000 shares decreased to 2,200,000 shares.
In connection with the Restructuring, as partial consideration for Sichuan Senmiao Shareholders’ commitment to perform their obligations under VIE agreements which were effective as of the date of filing, the Company issued an aggregate of 40,500,000 shares of its common stock to Sichuan Senmiao Shareholders pursuant to certain subscription agreements dated September 18, 2017. Such issuances were made in reliance upon the provisions of Regulation S promulgated under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended. On January 29, 2018, our board of directors and stockholders approved a one-for-two reverse stock split of our issued and outstanding shares of common stock. As such, the 40,500,000 shares decreased to 20,250,000 shares.
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TABLE OF CONTENTS​
SENMIAO TECHNOLOGY LIMITED
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS
As of December 31, 2017 and March 31, 2017
(Expressed in US dollar, except for the number of shares)

​ | ​ | ​ | Note | ​ | ​ | December 31, 2017 | ​ | ​ | March 31, 2017 | ​
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | (unaudited) | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
ASSETS | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Current Assets | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Cash and cash equivalents | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | $ | 85,202 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | $ | 161,292 | ​ | ​
Prepayments, receivables and other assets | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 3 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 9,370 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 19,476 | ​ | ​
Total Current Assets | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 94,572 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 180,768 | ​ | ​
Property and equipment, net | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 4 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 6,902 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 4,648 | ​ | ​
Other Assets | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Platform | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 5 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 3,629,823 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 3,874,166 | ​ | ​
User relationship | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 5 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 354,392 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 363,285 | ​ | ​
Goodwill | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 5,964,876 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 5,631,819 | ​ | ​
Total Assets | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | $ | 10,050,565 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | $ | 10,054,686 | ​ | ​
LIABILITIES AND SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Current Liabilities | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Accrued expenses and other liabilities | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 6 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | $ | 206,163 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | $ | 90,256 | ​ | ​
Due to shareholders | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 10 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 688,150 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 333,761 | ​ | ​
Total Current Liabilities | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 894,313 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 424,017 | ​ | ​
Commitments and Contingencies | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​
Shareholders’ Equity | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Common stocks (par value $0.0001 per share, 100,000,000 shares authorized; 22,500,000 and 20,250,000 shares issued and outstanding at December 31, 2017 and March 31, 2017, respectively) | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 8 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | $ | 2,250 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | $ | 2,025 | ​ | ​
Additional Paid-in capital | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 11,458,878 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 11,359,103 | ​ | ​
Subscription receivable | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | (450) | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​
Accumulated deficit | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | (1,733,837) | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | (622,697) | ​ | ​
Accumulated other comprehensive loss | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | (570,589) | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | (1,107,762) | ​ | ​
Total equity | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 9,156,252 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 9,630,669 | ​ | ​
Total Liabilities and Shareholders’ Equity | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | $ | 10,050,565 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | $ | 10,054,686 | ​ | ​
​

​
*
On September 18, 2017, the Company issued 40,500,000 common shares in connection with the Restructuring (Note 1). On June 19, 2017 and July 11, 2017, the Company sold 100,000 shares of common stocks and 4,400,000 shares of common stocks to one individual and three consultants for a consideration of  $10 and $440, respectively. On January 29, 2018, our board of directors and stockholders approved a one-for-two reverse stock split of all issued and outstanding shares of common stock. As such, as of December 31, 2017 and March 31, 2017, the 45,000,000 shares and 40,500,000 shares decreased to 22,500,000 shares and 20,250,000 shares, respectively. All references to numbers of common shares and per-share data in the accompanying consolidated financial statements have been adjusted to reflect such issuance of shares on a retrospective basis.
​
​
The accompanying notes are an integral part of the consolidated financial statements
F-31

TABLE OF CONTENTS​
SENMIAO TECHNOLOGY LIMITED
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS AND COMPREHENSIVE LOSS
For the three and nine months ended December 31, 2017 and 2016
(Expressed in US dollar, except for the number of shares)

​ | ​ | ​ | Note | ​ | ​ | For the Three Months Ended December 31 | ​ | ​ | For the Nine Months Ended December 31 | ​
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 2017 | ​ | ​ | 2016 | ​ | ​ | 2017 | ​ | ​ | 2016 | ​
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | (unaudited) | ​ | ​ | (unaudited) | ​ | ​ | (unaudited) | ​ | ​ | (unaudited) | ​
Revenues | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | $ | 152,538 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | $ | 29,779 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | $ | 335,498 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | $ | 29,779 | ​ | ​
Gross revenues | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 152,538 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 29,779 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 335,498 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 29,779 | ​ | ​
Operating expenses | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Selling, general and administrative expenses | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | (288,620) | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | (41,987) | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | (960,349) | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | (53,697) | ​ | ​
Amortization of intangible assets | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | (165,206) | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | (161,646) | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | (488,210) | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | (161,646) | ​ | ​
Total operating expenses | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | (453,826) | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | (203,633) | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | (1,448,559) | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | (215,343) | ​ | ​
Loss from operations | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | (301,288) | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | (173,854) | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | (1,113,061) | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | (185,564) | ​ | ​
Other income | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Interest income | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 58 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 2 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 210 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 3 | ​ | ​
Other income, net | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 13 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 1,711 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​
Total other income | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 71 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 2 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 1,921 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 3 | ​ | ​
Loss before income taxes | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | (301,217) | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | (173,852) | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | (1,111,140) | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | (185,561) | ​ | ​
Income tax expense | ​ | ​ | 9 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​
Net loss from continuing operations | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | (301,217) | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | (173,852) | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | (1,111,140) | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | (185,561) | ​ | ​
Net loss from discontinued operations, net of tax | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | (86,876) | ​ | ​
Net Loss | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | (301,217) | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | (173,852) | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | (1,111,140) | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | (272,437) | ​ | ​
Net loss attributable to non-controlling interests | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | (8,763) | ​ | ​
Net loss attributable to Senmiao Technology Limited | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | (301,217) | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | (173,852) | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | (1,111,140) | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | (263,674) | ​ | ​
Net loss attributable to Senmiao Technology Limited from continuing operation | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | (301,217) | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | (173,852) | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | (1,111,140) | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | (185,561) | ​ | ​
Net loss attributable to Senmiao Technology Limited from discontinued operation | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | (78,113) | ​ | ​
Other comprehensive income | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Foreign currency translation adjustment | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 207,125 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | (566,794) | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 537,173 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | (1,050,106) | ​ | ​
Comprehensive Loss | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | (94,092) | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | (740,646) | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | (573,967) | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | (1,322,543) | ​ | ​
Less: comprehensive loss attributable to non-controlling interests | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | (214,165) | ​ | ​
Comprehensive loss attributable to Senmiao Technology Limited | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | $ | (94,092) | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | $ | (740,646) | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | $ | (573,967) | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | $ | (1,108,378) | ​ | ​
Comprehensive loss attributable to Senmiao Technology Limited from continuing operation | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | (94,092) | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | (740,646) | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | (573,967) | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | (1,110,592) | ​ | ​
Comprehensive loss attributable to Senmiao Technology Limited from discontinued operation | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 2,214 | ​ | ​
Weighted average number of common shares | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Basic | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 22,500,000 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 20,250,000 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 21,669,455 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 20,250,000 | ​ | ​
Diluted | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 22,500,000 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 20,250,000 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 21,669,455 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 20,250,000 | ​ | ​
Loss per share | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Basic loss for the period attributable to the shareholders of the Company | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | $ | (0.01) | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | $ | (0.00) | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | $ | (0.05) | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | $ | (0.01) | ​ | ​
Diluted loss for the year attributable to the shareholders of the Company | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | (0.01) | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | (0.00) | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | (0.05) | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | (0.01) | ​ | ​
Loss per share from continuing operations | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Basic loss from continuing operations attributable to the shareholders of the Company | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | (0.01) | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | (0.00) | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | (0.05) | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | (0.01) | ​ | ​
Diluted loss from continuing operations attributable to the shareholders of the Company | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | (0.01) | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | (0.00) | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | (0.05) | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | (0.01) | ​ | ​
Loss per share from discontinued operations | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Basic loss from discontinued operations attributable to the shareholder of the Company | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | (0.00) | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | (0.00) | ​ | ​
Diluted loss from discontinued operations attributable to the shareholder of the Company | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | $ | — | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | $ | (0.00) | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | $ | — | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | $ | (0.00) | ​ | ​

The accompanying notes are an integral part of the consolidated financial statements
F-32

TABLE OF CONTENTS​
SENMIAO TECHNOLOGY LIMITED
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY
For the nine months ended December 31, 2017
(Expressed in US dollar, except for the number of shares)

​ | ​ | ​ | Common Stock (note 8) | ​ | ​ | Additional Paid-in capital | ​ | ​ | Subscription receivable | ​ | ​ | Accumulated deficit | ​ | ​ | Accumulated other comprehensive income | ​ | ​ | Non-controlling interest | ​ | ​ | Total equity | ​
​ | ​ | ​ | Shares | ​ | ​ | Par value | ​
Balance as of March 31, 2015 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 20,250,000 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | $ | 2,025 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | $ | 11,359,103 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | $ | — | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | $ | (18,761) | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | $ | 77,236 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | $ | 6,532,862 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | $ | 17,952,465 | ​ | ​
Net (loss)/income | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | (16,054) | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 1,780 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | (14,274) | ​ | ​
Foreign currency translation loss | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | (583,376) | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | (333,943) | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | (917,319) | ​ | ​
Balance as of March 31, 2016 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 20,250,000 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | $ | 2,025 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | $ | 11,359,103 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | $ | — | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | $ | (34,815) | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | $ | (506,140) | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | $ | 6,200,699 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | $ | 17,020,872 | ​ | ​
Net loss | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | (587,882) | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | (8,763) | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | (596,645) | ​ | ​
Foreign currency translation loss | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | (601,622) | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | (205,402) | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | (807,024) | ​ | ​
Disposal of a subsidiary | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | (5,986,534) | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | (5,986,534) | ​ | ​
Balance as of March 31, 2017 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 20,250,000 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | $ | 2,025 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | $ | 11,359,103 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | $ | — | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | $ | (622,697) | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | $ | (1,107,762) | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | $ | — | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | $ | 9,630,669 | ​ | ​
Issuance of common stocks | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 2,250,000 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 225 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 99,775 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | (450) | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 99,550 | ​ | ​
Net loss | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | (1,111,140) | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | (1,111,140) | ​ | ​
Foreign currency translation loss | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 537,173 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 537,173 | ​ | ​
Balance as of December 31, 2017 (unaudited) | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 22,500,000 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | $ | 2,250 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | $ | 11,458,878 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | $ | (450) | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | $ | (1,733,837) | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | $ | (570,589) | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | $ | — | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | $ | 9,156,252 | ​ | ​
​

The accompanying notes are an integral part of the consolidated financial statements
F-33

TABLE OF CONTENTS​
SENMIAO TECHNOLOGY LIMITED
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
For the nine months ended December 31, 2017 and 2016
(Expressed in US dollar, except for the number of shares)

​ | ​ | ​ | For the Nine Months Ended December 31, | ​
​ | ​ | ​ | 2017 | ​ | ​ | 2016 | ​
​ | ​ | ​ | (unaudited) | ​ | ​ | (unaudited) | ​
Cash Flows from Operating Activities: | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Net loss | ​ | ​ | ​ | $ | (1,111,140) | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | $ | (185,561) | ​ | ​
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash (used in)/provided by operating activities: | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Depreciation of property and equipment | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 2,615 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 466 | ​ | ​
Amortization of intangible assets | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 488,210 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 161,646 | ​ | ​
Shares issued to three individuals for consulting services | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 99,550 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​
Changes in operating assets and liabilities: | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Prepayments, receivables and other assets | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 6,797 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 47,886 | ​ | ​
Accrued expenses and other liabilities | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 107,141 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | (15,799) | ​ | ​
Due to related parties | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | (10,818) | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​
Net Cash (Used in)/Provided by Operating Activities | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | (417,645) | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 8,638 | ​ | ​
Net Cash (Used in)/Provided by Operating Activities from Continuing Operations | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | (417,645) | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 9,684 | ​ | ​
Net Cash Used in Operating Activities from Discontinued Operations | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | (1,046) | ​ | ​
Cash Flows from Investing Activities: | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Disposal of a subsidiary | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 8,914,833 | ​ | ​
Purchase of property and equipment | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | (412) | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​
Purchase of intangible assets | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | (23,960) | ​ | ​
Consideration paid in a business acquisition | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | (8,984,828) | ​ | ​
Net Cash Used in Investing Activities | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | (412) | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | (93,955) | ​ | ​
Net Cash Used in Investing Activities from Continuing Operations | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | (412) | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​
Cash Flows From Financing Activities: | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Proceeds borrowed from shareholders | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 335,092 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​
Net Cash Provided by Financing Activities | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 335,092 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​
Effect of Exchange Rate Changes on Cash | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 6,875 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 85,369 | ​ | ​
Net (Decrease)/Increase In Cash | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | (76,090) | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 52 | ​ | ​
Cash and cash equivalents at Beginning of Period | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 161,292 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 165 | ​ | ​
Cash and cash equivalents at End of Period | ​ | ​ | ​ | $ | 85,202 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | $ | 217 | ​ | ​
Supplemental Cash Flow Information | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Cash paid for interest expense | ​ | ​ | ​ | $ | — | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | $ | — | ​ | ​
Cash paid for income tax | ​ | ​ | ​ | $ | — | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | $ | — | ​ | ​
​

The accompanying notes are an integral part of the consolidated financial statements
F-34

TABLE OF CONTENTS​
SENMIAO TECHNOLOGY LIMITED
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
1. ORGANIZATION AND PRINCIPAL ACTITIVIES
Senmiao Technology Limited (“Senmiao” or the “Company”) is a holding company incorporated in the State of Nevada on June 8, 2017. The Company operates an online lending platform through its variety interest entity (“VIE”), Sichuan Senmiao Ronglian Technology Co., Ltd. (“Sichuan Senmiao”) in China connecting Chinese investors with individual and small- to-medium-sized enterprise (“SME”) borrowers. Through its platform, the Company offers quick and easy access to credit to borrowers and creditors and attractive investment returns for investors. The Company’s executive offices are located in Chengdu, Sichuan province, China.
On July 28, the Company established a wholly owned subsidiary, Sichuan Senmiao Zecheng Business Consulting Co., Ltd. (“WFOE,” or “Senmiao Consulting”) in China. We undertake substantially all of our business activities in China through WFOE and Sichuan Senmiao.
Sichuan Senmiao was established in China in June 2014. The Company plans to enter into a series of contractual arrangements with Sichuan Senmiao and its equity holders through WFOE to obtain control and become the primary beneficiary of Sichuan Senmiao. The contractual arrangements will be completed upon the establishment of WFOE (the “Restructuring”). In connection with the Restructuring, as partial consideration for Sichuan Senmiao Shareholders’ commitment to perform their obligations under a series of contractual arrangements, the Company issued an aggregate of 40,500,000 shares of its common stock to Sichuan Senmiao Shareholders pursuant to certain subscription agreements dated September 18, 2017. Such issuances were made in reliance upon the provisions of Regulation S promulgated under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “Securities Act”).
In connection with Restructuring, the Company issued an aggregate of 40,500,000 shares of 0.0001 par value to all of the Sichuan Senmiao equity holders (“Sichuan Senmiao Shareholders”) on September 18, 2017. On June 19, 2017 and July 11, 2017, the Company sold 100,000 shares of common stocks and 4,400,000 shares of common stocks to one individual and three consultants for a consideration of  $10 and $440, respectively. On January 29, 2018, our board of directors and stockholders approved a one-for-two reverse stock split of all issued and outstanding shares of common stock (the “Reverse Stock Split”). As such, as of December 31, 2017 and March 31, 2017, the 45,000,000 shares and 40,500,000 shares decreased to 22,500,000 shares and 20,250,000 shares, respectively, of 0.0001 par value issued and outstanding. The discussion and presentation of financial statements herein assumes the completion of the Restructuring, which is accounted for retroactively as if it occurred on April 1, 2015.
On September 25, 2016, Sichuan Senmiao acquired a peer-to-peer platform (including website, ICP license, operating systems, servers, and management system) from Sichuan Chenghexin Investment and Asset Management Co., Ltd. (“Chenghexin”), who had established and operated the platform for two years prior to the acquisition by Sichuan Senmiao (the “Acquisition”). Prior to the Acquisition, Sichuan Senmiao was a holding company that owned a 60% equity interest in an equity investment fund management company. Sichuan Senmiao sold its 60% equity interest for a cash consideration of RMB 60,000,000 (US$8,914,833) immediately following the Acquisition, in order to focus on the online marketplace lending business.
F-35

TABLE OF CONTENTS
SENMIAO TECHNOLOGY LIMITED
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
1. ORGANIZATION AND PRINCIPAL ACTITIVIES (CONTINUED)
The following diagram illustrates our corporate structure, including our subsidiary and consolidated variable interest entity as of the date of this financial statements (as defined below):
VIE Agreements with Sichuan Senmiao
According to a series of contractual arrangements (collectively “VIE Agreements”), Sichuan Senmiao is obligated to pay service fees to WFOE approximately equal to the net income of Sichuan Senmiao. Sichuan Senmiao’s operations are, in fact, directly controlled by the Company entirely. There are no unrecognized revenue-producing assets that are held by Sichuan Senmiao.
Each of the VIE Agreements is described in detail below:
Equity Interest Pledge Agreement
WFOE, Sichuan Senmiao and Sichuan Senmiao Shareholders entered into an Equity Interest Pledge Agreement, pursuant to which Sichuan Senmiao Shareholders pledged all of their equity interest in Sichuan Senmiao to WFOE in order to guarantee the performance of Sichuan Senmiao’s obligations under the Exclusive Business Cooperation Agreement as described below. During the term of the pledge, WFOE is entitled to receiving any dividends declared on the pledged equity interest of Senmiao. The Equity Interest Pledge Agreement ends when all contractual obligations under the Exclusive Business Cooperation Agreement have been fully performed.
Exclusive Business Cooperation Agreement
Pursuant to an Exclusive Business Cooperation Agreement by and among the Company, WFOE, Sichuan Senmiao and each of the Sichuan Senmiao Shareholders, WFOE will provide Sichuan Senmiao with complete technical support, business support and related consulting services during the term of the agreement. The Sichuan Senmiao Shareholders and Sichuan Senmiao have agreed not to engage any other party for the same or similar consultation services without WFOE’s prior consent. Further, Sichuan Senmiao Shareholders are entitled to receive an aggregate of 20,250,000 shares of common stock of the Company under the Exclusive Business Cooperation Agreement. The term of the Exclusive Business Cooperation Agreement is 10 years. WFOE may terminate the Exclusive Business Operation Agreement at any time upon prior written notice to Sichuan Senmiao and the Sichuan Senmiao Shareholders.
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1. ORGANIZATION AND PRINCIPAL ACTITIVIES (CONTINUED)
Exclusive Option Agreement
Pursuant to an Exclusive Option Agreement by and among WFOE, Sichuan Senmiao and each of the Sichuan Senmiao Shareholders, the Sichuan Senmiao Shareholders have granted WFOE an exclusive option to purchase at any time in part or in whole their equity interests in Sichuan Senmiao for a purchase price equal to the capital paid by the Senmiao Shareholders, pro-rated for purchase of less than all the equity interest. The Exclusive Option Agreement terminates in ten years but can be renewed by WOFE at its discretion.
Powers of Attorney
Each of the Sichuan Senmiao Shareholders has entered into a power of attorney (the “Power of Attorney”) pursuant to which each of the Sichuan Senmiao Shareholders has authorized WFOE to act on his or her behalf as the exclusive agent and attorney with respect to all rights of such individual as a shareholder, including but not limited to: (a) attending shareholders’ meetings; (b) exercising all the shareholder’s rights, including voting, that shareholders are entitled to under PRC law and the Articles of Association of Sichuan Senmiao, including but not limited to the sale or transfer or pledge or disposition of the equity interests of Sichuan Senmiao owned by such shareholder; and (c) designating and appointing on behalf of the shareholders the legal representative, chairperson, director, supervisor, chief executive officer and other senior management members of Sichuan Senmiao. The Power of Attorney has the same term as the Exclusive Option Agreement.
Timely Report Agreement
The Company and Sichuan Senmiao entered into a timely report agreement pursuant to which Sichuan Senmiao agrees to make its officers and directors available to the Company and promptly provide all information required by the Company so that the Company can make necessary SEC and other regulatory reports in a timely fashion.
We have concluded that the Company is the primary beneficiary of Sichuan Senmiao and should consolidate its financial statements. The Company is the primary beneficiary based on the Power of Attorneys entered into as part of the VIE arrangements that each equity holder of Sichuan Senmiao assigned their rights as a shareholder of Sichuan Senmiao to the WFOE, our wholly owned subsidiary. These rights include, but are not limited to, attending shareholders’ meetings, voting on matters submitted for shareholder approval and appointing legal representatives, executive directors, supervisors and other senior management members. As such, the Company, 100% controlling the WFOE, are deemed to hold all of the voting equity interest in Sichuan Senmiao. During the periods presented, we have not provided any financial or other support to Sichuan Senmiao. However pursuant to Exclusive Business Cooperation Agreement, we may provide complete technical support, business support and related consulting services during the term of the VIE agreement. Though not explicit in the VIE Agreements, we may provide financial support to Sichuan Senmiao to meet its working capital requirements and capitalization purposes. The terms of the VIE Agreements and the Company’s plan of financial support to the VIEs were considered in determining that the Company is the primary beneficiary of the VIE. Accordingly, the financial statements of the VIE are consolidated in the Company’s consolidated financial statements.
It is possible that the VIE Agreements among Sichuan Senmiao, WFOE, and the nominee shareholders of Sichuan Senmiao would not be enforceable in China if PRC government authorities or courts were to find that such contracts contravene PRC laws and regulations or are otherwise not enforceable for public policy reasons. In the event that the Company was unable to enforce these contractual arrangements, the Company would not be able to exert effective control over the VIE. Consequently, the VIE’s results of operations, assets and liabilities would not be included in the Company’s consolidated financial statements. If such were the case, the Company’s cash flows, financial position, and operating performance would be materially adversely affected. The Company’s contractual arrangements with
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1. ORGANIZATION AND PRINCIPAL ACTITIVIES (CONTINUED)
Sichuan Senmiao, WFOE, and the nominee shareholders of Sichuan Senmiao are approved and in place. Management believes that such contracts are enforceable, and considers the possibility remote that PRC regulatory authorities with jurisdiction over the Company’s operations and contractual relationships would find the contracts to be unenforceable.
The Company’s operations and businesses rely on the operations and businesses of its VIE, which holds certain recognized revenue-producing assets including platform, user relationship and goodwill. The VIE also has an assembled workforce, focused primarily on customer verification and credit assessment, whose costs are expensed as incurred. The Company’s operations and businesses may be adversely impacted if the Company loses the ability to use and enjoy assets held by its VIE.
Total assets and total liabilities of the VIE that were included in the Company’s consolidated financial statements as of December 31, 2017 and March 31, 2017 are as follows:

​ | ​ | ​ | December 31, 2017 | ​ | ​ | March 31, 2017 | ​
​ | ​ | ​ | (unaudited) | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Total assets | ​ | ​ | ​ | $ | 10,050,565 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | $ | 10,054,686 | ​ | ​
Total liabilities | ​ | ​ | ​ | $ | 894,313 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | $ | 424,017 | ​ | ​

As of December 31, 2017 and March 31, 2017, the VIE did not hold unrecognized revenue producing assets.
Net revenue, net income, operating, investing and financing cash flows of the VIE that were included in the Company’s consolidated financial statements for the nine months ended December 31, 2017 and 2016 are as follows:

​ | ​ | ​ | December 31,
​ | ​ | ​ | 2017 | ​ | ​ | 2016
​ | ​ | ​ | (unaudited) | ​ | ​ | (unaudited)
Net revenue | ​ | ​ | ​ | $ | 335,498 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 29,779
Net loss | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | (1,011,590) | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | (185,561)
Net Cash (Used in)/Provided Operating Activities | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | (417,645) | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 8,638
Net Cash Used in Investing Activities | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | (412) | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | (93,955)
Net Cash Provided by Financing Activities | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 335,092 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | —

The transaction between the Company and Sichuan Senmiao constituted a reorganization. As all of the above mentioned companies are under common control, this series of transactions account for as a reorganization of entities under common control at carrying value and the financial statements have been prepared as if the reorganization had occurred retroactively. The financial statements have been prepared as if the existing corporate structure had been in existence throughout all periods and the reorganization had occurred as of the beginning of the earliest period presented in the accompanying financial statements.
2. SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES
(a) Basis of presentation
The accompanying unaudited interim consolidated financial statements and related notes have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“GAAP”) for interim financial information, and in accordance with the rules and regulations of the United States securities and Exchange Commission with respect to Form 10-Q and Article 8 of Regulation S-X. Accordingly, they do not include all of the information and footnotes required by
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2. SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (CONTINUED)
U.S. GAAP for complete financial statements. The unaudited interim consolidated financial statements furnished reflect all adjustments (consisting of normal recurring adjustments) which are, in the opinion of management, necessary for a fair statement of the results for the interim periods presented. Interim results are not necessarily indicative of the results for the full year. These unaudited interim consolidated financial statements should be read in conjunction with the audited consolidated financial statements of the Company for the year ended March 31, 2017 and notes accompanying to the financial statements.
(b) Basis of consolidation
The consolidated financial statements include the accounts of the Company and include the assets, liabilities, revenues and expenses of all majority-owned subsidiaries and VIE over which the Company exercises control and, when applicable, entities for which the Company has a controlling financial interest or is the primary beneficiary. All inter-company accounts and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation. The Company records income attributable to non-controlling interest in the consolidated statements of operations for any non-owned portion of consolidated subsidiaries. Non-controlling interest is recorded within the equity section but separate from the Company’s equity in the consolidated balance sheets.
(c) Foreign currency translation
Transactions denominated in currencies other than the functional currency are translated into the functional currency at the exchange rates prevailing at the dates of the transaction. Monetary assets and liabilities denominated in currencies other than the functional currency are translated into the functional currency using the applicable exchange rates at the balance sheet dates. The resulting exchange differences are recorded in the statement of operations.
The reporting currency of the Company is the United States Dollars (“US$”) and the accompanying financial statements have been expressed in US$. In addition, the Company’s operating subsidiaries maintain their books and records in their respective local currency, Renminbi (“RMB”), which is also the respective functional currency for each subsidiary as they are the primary currency of the economic environment in which each subsidiary operates.
In general, for consolidation purposes, assets and liabilities of its subsidiaries whose functional currency is not the US$ are translated into US$, in accordance with ASC Topic 830-30, “Translation of Financial Statement”, using the exchange rate on the balance sheet date. Revenues and expenses are translated at average rates prevailing during the period. The gains and losses resulting from translation of financial statements of a foreign subsidiary are recorded as a separate component of accumulated other comprehensive income within the statement of stockholders’ equity.
Translation of amounts from the local currencies of the Company into US$ has been made at the following exchange rates for the respective periods:

​ | ​ | ​ | December 31, 2017 | ​ | ​ | March 31, 2017 | ​
Balance sheet items, except for equity accounts | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 6.5064 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 6.8912 | ​ | ​

​ | ​ | ​ | For the nine months ended December 31, | ​
​ | ​ | ​ | 2017 | ​ | ​ | 2016 | ​
Items in the statements of operations and comprehensive loss, and statements of cash flows | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 6.7146 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 6.6779 | ​ | ​

(d) Use of estimates
The preparation of financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements, and the reported amounts of revenue
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2. SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (CONTINUED)
and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could differ from those estimates. On an ongoing basis, management reviews these estimates and assumptions using the currently available information. Changes in facts and circumstances may cause the Company to revise its estimates. The Company bases its estimates on historical experience and on various other assumptions that are believed to be reasonable, the results of which form the basis for making judgments about the carrying values of assets and liabilities. The following are some of the areas requiring significant judgments and estimates: determinations of the useful lives of long-lived assets, estimates of allowances for doubtful accounts and valuation assumptions in performing asset impairment tests of long-lived assets, and determination of fair value of net identifiable assets in the business acquisition.
(e) Fair values of financial instruments
ASC Topic 825, Financial Instruments (“Topic 825”) requires disclosure of fair value information of financial instruments, whether or not recognized in the balance sheets, for which it is practicable to estimate that value. In cases where quoted market prices are not available, fair values are based on estimates using present value or other valuation techniques. Those techniques are significantly affected by the assumptions used, including the discount rate and estimates of future cash flows. In that regard, the derived fair value estimates cannot be substantiated by comparison to independent markets and, in many cases, could not be realized in immediate settlement of the instruments. Topic 825 excludes certain financial instruments and all nonfinancial assets and liabilities from its disclosure requirements. Accordingly, the aggregate fair value amounts do not represent the underlying value of the Company.
Level 1 inputs to the valuation methodology are quoted prices (unadjusted) for identical assets or liabilities in active markets.
Level 2 inputs to the valuation methodology include quoted prices for similar assets and liabilities in active markets, and inputs that are observable for the assets or liability, either directly or indirectly, for substantially the full term of the financial instruments.
Level 3 inputs to the valuation methodology are unobservable and significant to the fair value.
As of December 31, 2017 and March 31, 2017, financial instruments of the Company primarily comprised of cash and cash equivalents, receivables and other assets, other liabilities and due to shareholders. The financial instruments were carried at cost on the balance sheets, and carrying amounts approximated their fair values because of their generally short maturities.
(f) Cash and cash equivalents
Cash and cash equivalents primarily consists of bank deposits with original maturities of three months or less, which are unrestricted as to withdrawal and use.
(g) Property and equipment
Property and equipment primarily consists of computer equipment, which is stated at cost less accumulated depreciation and amortization less any provision required for impairment in value. Depreciation and amortization are computed using the straight-line method with no residual value based on the estimated useful life. The useful life of property and equipment are summarized as follows:

​ | Computer equipment purchased | ​ | ​ | 3 years​ | ​
​ | Computer equipment obtained in the Acquisition | ​ | ​ | 2 years​ | ​

The Company reviews property and equipment for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of an asset may not be recoverable. An asset is considered impaired if its carrying amount exceeds the future net undiscounted cash flows that the asset is expected to
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2. SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (CONTINUED)
generate. If such asset is considered to be impaired, the impairment recognized is the amount by which the carrying amount of the asset, if any, exceeds its fair value determined using a discounted cash flow model. For the three and nine months ended December 31, 2017 and 2016, there was no impairment of property and equipment.
Costs of repairs and maintenance are expensed as incurred and asset improvements are capitalized. The cost and related accumulated depreciation and amortization of assets disposed of or retired are removed from the accounts, and any resulting gain or loss is reflected in the consolidated income statements.
(h) Intangible assets
On September 25, 2016, Sichuan Senmiao acquired a peer-to-peer platform (including website, ICP license, operating systems, servers, and management system, collectively “Platform”) and relevant employees and users of the Platform Chenghexin, who had established and operated the platform for two years prior to the Acquisition. Prior to the Acquisition, Sichuan Senmiao was a holding company that owned a 60% equity interest in an equity investment fund management company. Sichuan Senmiao sold its 60% equity interest for a cash consideration of RMB 60,000,000 (US$8,914,833) immediately following the Acquisition, in order to focus on the online marketplace lending business.
The acquisition was accounted for under the acquisition method of accounting which required the Company to perform an allocation of the purchase price to the assets acquired. Under the acquisition method of accounting, the total purchase price is allocated to net tangible and intangible assets based on their estimated fair values as of the acquisition date.
Purchased intangible assets are recognized and measured at fair value upon acquisition. Separately identifiable intangible assets that have determinable lives continue to be amortized over their estimated useful lives using the straight-line method as follows:

​ | Platform | ​ | ​ | 7 years​ | ​
​ | Customer relationship | ​ | ​ | 10 years​ | ​

Separately identifiable intangible assets to be held and used are reviewed for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of such assets may not be recoverable. Determination of recoverability is based on an estimate of undiscounted future cash flows resulting from the use of the asset and its eventual disposition. Measurement of any impairment loss for identifiable intangible assets is based on the amount by which the carrying amount of the assets exceeds the fair value of the assets. For the three and nine months ended December 31, 2017 and 2016, there was no impairment of intangible assets.
(i) Business combination
The Company accounts for its business combination using the acquisition method of accounting in accordance with ASC 805 “Business Combinations”. The cost of an acquisition is measured as the aggregate of the acquisition date fair values of the assets transferred and liabilities incurred by the Company to the sellers and equity instruments issued. Transaction costs directly attributable to the acquisition are expensed as incurred. Identifiable assets and liabilities acquired or assumed are measured separately at their fair values as of the acquisition date, irrespective of the extent of any non-controlling interests. The excess of  (i) the total costs of acquisition, fair value of the non-controlling interests and acquisition date fair value of any previously held equity interest in the acquiree over (ii) the fair value of the identifiable net assets of the acquiree is recorded as goodwill.
(j) Goodwill
Goodwill represents the excess of the purchase consideration over the fair value of the identifiable tangible and intangible assets acquired and liabilities assumed of the acquired entity or business as a result of the Company’s acquisitions of interests in its subsidiaries and VIE and business. Goodwill is not
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2. SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (CONTINUED)
amortized but is tested for impairment on an annual basis, or more frequently if events or changes in circumstances indicate that it might be impaired. The Company first assesses qualitative factors to determine whether it is necessary to perform the two-step quantitative goodwill impairment test. In the qualitative assessment, the Company considers primary factors such as industry and market considerations, overall financial performance of the reporting unit, and other specific information related to the operations. Based on the qualitative assessment, if it is more likely than not that the fair value of each reporting unit is less than the carrying amount, the quantitative impairment test is performed.
In performing the two-step quantitative impairment test, the first step compares the fair values of each reporting unit to its carrying amount, including goodwill. If the fair value of each reporting unit exceeds its carrying amount, goodwill is not considered to be impaired and the second step will not be required. If the carrying amount of a reporting unit exceeds its fair value, the second step compares the implied fair value of goodwill to the carrying value of a reporting unit’s goodwill. The implied fair value of goodwill is determined in a manner similar to accounting for a business combination with the allocation of the assessed fair value determined in the first step to the assets and liabilities of the reporting unit. The excess of the fair value of the reporting unit over the amounts assigned to the assets and liabilities is the implied fair value of goodwill. This allocation process is only performed for the purposes of evaluating goodwill impairment and does not result in an entry to adjust the value of any assets or liabilities. Application of a goodwill impairment test requires significant management judgment, including the identification of reporting units, assigning assets, liabilities and goodwill to reporting units, and determining the fair value of each reporting unit.
(k) Earnings per share
Basic earnings per share is computed by dividing net income attributable to ordinary shareholders by the weighted average number of outstanding ordinary shares, adjusted for outstanding ordinary shares that are subject to repurchase.
For the calculation of diluted earnings per share, net income attributable to ordinary shareholders for basic earnings per share is adjusted by the effect of dilutive securities, including share-based awards, under the treasury stock method. Potentially dilutive securities, of which the amounts are insignificant, have been excluded from the computation of diluted net income per share if their inclusion is anti-dilutive.
(l) Revenue recognition
Consistent with the criteria of ASC 605 “Revenue Recognition” (“ASC605”), the Company recognizes revenue when the following four revenue recognition criteria are met: (i) persuasive evidence of an arrangement exists, (ii) the service has been rendered, (iii) the fees are fixed or determinable, and (iv) collectability is reasonably assured.
During the three and nine months ended December 31, 2017 and 2016, the Company generates revenues primarily from service fees in matching investors with borrowers and for other services we provide over the life of a loan.
Borrowers and Creditor Partners — Transaction fees are paid by borrowers and credit partners to the Company for the work the Company performs through its platform at the time of loan issuance. The amount of these fees is based upon the loan amount and other terms of the loan, including credit grade, maturity and other factors. The fees charged to borrowers and creditor partners are paid (i) upon disbursement of the proceeds for loans accruing interest on a monthly basis and (ii) upon full payment of principal and interest of loans accruing interest on a daily basis. These fees are non-refundable upon the issuance of loan.
Investors — We charge investors a service fee on their actual investment return. As a general practice, the Company generally received the service fees upon the investors receive the investment return. The Company recognizes the revenue when loan was repaid and investor received their investment income.
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2. SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (CONTINUED)
(m) Selling, general and administrative expenses
Selling, general and administrative expenses primarily consisted of salary and employee surcharge, office rental expense, travel expenses, customer verification and credit assessment cost and platform maintenance cost.
(n) Income taxes
Current income tax expenses are provided for in accordance with the laws of the relevant taxing authorities. As part of the process of preparing financial statements, the Company is required to estimate its income taxes in each of the jurisdictions in which it operates. The Company accounts for income taxes using the liability method, under which deferred income taxes are recognized for future tax consequences attributable to differences between the financial statement carrying amounts of existing assets and liabilities and their respective tax bases. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured using enacted tax rates expected to apply to taxable income in the years in which those temporary differences are expected to be recovered or settled. The effect on deferred taxes of a change in tax rates is recognized as income or expense in the period that includes the enactment date. Valuation allowance is provided on deferred tax assets to the extent that it is more likely than not that the asset will not be realizable in the foreseeable future.
The Company adopts ASC 740-10-25 “Income Taxes” which prescribes a more likely than not threshold for financial statement recognition and measurement of a tax position taken or expected to be taken in a tax return. It also provides guidance on derecognition of income tax assets and liabilities, classification of current and deferred income tax assets and liabilities, accounting for interest and penalties associated with tax positions, accounting for income taxes in interim periods and income tax disclosures. The Company did not have significant unrecognized uncertain tax positions or any unrecognized liabilities, interest or penalties associated with unrecognized tax benefit as of December 31, 2017 and March 31, 2017 and for the three and nine months ended December 31, 2017 and 2016.
(o) Comprehensive loss
Comprehensive loss includes net loss and foreign currency adjustments. Comprehensive loss is reported in the statements of operations and comprehensive loss. Accumulated other comprehensive loss, as presented on the balance sheets are the cumulative foreign currency translation adjustments. As of December 31, 2017 and March 31, 2017, the balance of accumulated other comprehensive loss amounted to $570,589 and $1,107,762, respectively. This is mainly caused by significant changes in exchange rates between the reporting date and the date on which paid-in capital was received.
(p) Leases
Leases are classified as either capital or operating leases. Leases that transfer substantially all the benefits and risks incidental to the ownership of assets are accounted for as if there was an acquisition of an asset and incurrence of an obligation at the inception of the lease. All other leases are accounted for as operating leases wherein rental payments are recognized in the consolidated income statements on a straight-line basis over the lease terms. The Company had no capital leases for the three and nine months ended December 31, 2017 and 2016.
(q) Significant risks and uncertainties
1) Credit risk
Assets that potentially subject the Company to significant concentration of credit risk primarily consist of cash and cash equivalents. The maximum exposure of such assets to credit risk is their carrying amount as at the balance sheet dates. As at December 31, 2017 and March 31, 2017, the Company held cash and
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2. SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (CONTINUED)
cash equivalents of  $85,202 and $161,292, respectively, which were primarily deposited in financial institutions located in Mainland China, which were uninsured by the government authority. To limit exposure to credit risk relating to deposits, the Company primarily place cash deposits with large financial institutions in China which management believes are of high credit quality.
The Company’s operations are carried out in Mainland China. Accordingly, the Company’s business, financial condition and results of operations may be influenced by the political, economic and legal environments in the PRC as well as by the general state of the PRC’s economy. In addition, the Company’s business may be influenced by changes in governmental policies with respect to laws and regulations, anti-inflationary measures, currency conversion and remittance abroad, rates and methods of taxation, and the extraction of mining resources, among other factors.
2) Liquidity risk
The Company is also exposed to liquidity risk which is risk that it is unable to provide sufficient capital resources and liquidity to meet its commitments and business needs. Liquidity risk is controlled by the application of financial position analysis and monitoring procedures. When necessary, the Company will turn to other financial institutions and the owners to obtain short-term funding to meet the liquidity shortage.
3) Foreign currency risk
Substantially all of the Company’s operating activities and the Company’s assets and liabilities are denominated in RMB, which is not freely convertible into foreign currencies. All foreign exchange transactions take place either through the Peoples’ Bank of China (“PBOC”) or other authorized financial institutions at exchange rates quoted by PBOC. Approval of foreign currency payments by the PBOC or other regulatory institutions requires submitting a payment application form together with suppliers’ invoices and signed contracts. The value of RMB is subject to changes in central government policies and to international economic and political developments affecting supply and demand in the China Foreign Exchange Trading System market. Where there is a significant change in value of RMB, the gains and losses resulting from translation of financial statements of a foreign subsidiary will be significant affected.
(r) Recently issued accounting standards
In January 2017, the FASB issued ASU No. 2017-01, Business Combinations (Topic 805): Clarifying the definition of a business. The amendments in this ASU is to clarify the definition of a business with the objective of adding guidance to assist entities with evaluating whether transactions should be accounted for as acquisitions (or disposals) of assets or businesses. The definition of a business affects many areas of accounting including acquisitions, disposals, goodwill, and consolidation. The amendments are effective for public business entities for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2016, including interim periods within those fiscal years. For all other entities, the amendments in this ASU are effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2018, and interim periods within fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2019. Management is evaluating the effect, if any, on the Company’s financial statements.
In January 2017, the FASB issued ASU No. 2017-04, Intangibles-Goodwill and Other (Topic 350): Simplifying the Test for Goodwill Impairment. The amended guidance simplifies the subsequent measurement of goodwill by eliminating Step 2 from the goodwill impairment test. Under the amended guidance, we will perform our annual or interim goodwill impairment test by comparing the fair value of a reporting unit with its carrying value, and an impairment charge is recognized for the amount by which the carrying value exceeds the reporting unit’s fair value, not to exceed the total amount of goodwill allocated to that reporting unit. This guidance is effective for annual or any interim goodwill impairment tests in fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2021, with early adoption permitted for interim or annual
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2. SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (CONTINUED)
goodwill impairment tests performed on testing dates after January 1, 2017. We are currently evaluating the impact the adoption of this update will have on our financial statements.
In November 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-18, “Statement of Cash Flows (Topic 230): Restricted Cash.” ASU 2016-18 requires that a statement of cash flows explain the change during the period in the total cash, cash equivalents, and amounts generally described as restricted cash or restricted cash equivalents. Therefore, amounts generally described as restricted cash and restricted cash equivalents should be included with cash and cash equivalents when reconciling the beginning and ending balances shown on the statement of cash flows. The guidance is effective for the Company in the first quarter of 2019 and early adoption is permitted. ASU 2016-18 must be applied retrospectively to all periods presented. The Company is currently evaluating what impact the adoption of this update will have on our statements of cash flows.
In August 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-15, “Classification of Certain Cash Receipts and Cash Payments (Topic 230)”. ASU 2016-15 adds and clarifies guidance on the classification of certain cash receipts and payments in the statement of cash flows, reducing the existing diversity in practice that has resulted from the lack of consistent principles on this topic. ASU 2016-15 is effective for the Company beginning January 1, 2018. Early adoption is permitted. The Company is currently evaluating the impact the adoption of this guidance will have on classifications in its consolidated statements of cash flows.
In February 2016, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (the “FASB”) issued Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) No. 2016-02, Leases (Topic 842). Under the new guidance, lessees will be required recognize the following for all leases (with the exception of short-term leases) at the commencement date: 1) A lease liability, which is a lessee’s obligation to make lease payments arising from a lease, measured on a discounted basis; and 2) A right-of-use asset, which is an asset that represents the lessee’s right to use, or control the use of, a specified asset for the lease term. The new lease guidance simplified the accounting for sale and leaseback transactions primarily because lessees must recognize lease assets and lease liabilities. Lessees will no longer be provided with a source of off-balance sheet financing. The amendments in this ASU are effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2019, including interim periods within those years. The Company is evaluating this ASU and has not determined the effect of this standard on its ongoing financial reporting.
In November 2015, the FASB issued ASU No. 2015-17, “Income Taxes, Balance Sheet Classification of Deferred Taxes” (“ASU 2015-17”). The new guidance requires that deferred tax assets and liabilities be classified as non-current on the balance sheet, as opposed to current guidance which requires a net current asset or liability and net non-current asset or liability on the balance sheet. The new standard is effective for financial statements issued for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2016. The new standard may be applied either prospectively or retrospectively to all periods presented. Early adoption is permitted. The adoption of this ASU did not have a material effect on the Company’s financial statements.
In September 2015, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued updated guidance, which eliminates the requirement for an acquirer in a business combination to account for measurement-period adjustments retrospectively. Acquirers must recognize measurement-period adjustments during the period of resolution, including the effect on earnings of any amounts they would have recorded in previous periods if the accounting had been completed at the acquisition date. The updated guidance is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2015. Earlier adoption is permitted for any interim and annual financial statements that have not yet been issued. The adoption of this ASU did not have a material effect on the Company’s financial statements.
In August 2015, the FASB issued updated guidance concerning presentation and subsequent measurement of debt issuance costs relating to line of credit arrangements, which can be presented on the balance sheet as an asset to be subsequently amortized r ratably over the term of the line of credit arrangement. The updated guidance is effective immediately. This updated guidance did not have a material impact on our financial statements.
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NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
2. SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (CONTINUED)
In April 2015, the FASB issued ASU No. 2015-03, Simplifying the Presentation of Debt Issuance Costs, which changes the presentation of debt issuance costs in financial statements. Under this ASU, an entity presents such costs on the balance sheet as a direct deduction from the related debt liability rather than as an asset. This new standard is effective for annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2015, including interim periods within that reporting period, with early adoption permitted. The adoption of this ASU did not have a material effect on the Company’s financial statements.
In May 2014, the FASB issued ASU 2014-09, “Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606)” (“ASU 2014-09”). ASU 2014-09 supersedes the revenue recognition requirements in ASC Topic 605, “Revenue Recognition” and some cost guidance included in ASC Subtopic 605-35, “Revenue Recognition — Construction-Type and Production-Type Contracts.” The core principle of ASU 2014-09 is that revenue is recognized when the transfer of goods or services to customers occurs in an amount that reflects the consideration to which the Company expects to be entitled in exchange for those goods or services. ASU 2014-09 requires the disclosure of sufficient information to enable readers of the Company’s financial statements to understand the nature, amount, timing and uncertainty of revenue and cash flows arising from customer contracts. ASU 2014-09 also requires disclosure of information regarding significant judgments and changes in judgments, and assets recognized from costs incurred to obtain or fulfill a contract. ASU 2014-09 provides two methods of retrospective application. The first method would require the Company to apply ASU 2014-09 to each prior reporting period presented. The second method would require the Company to retrospectively apply ASU 2014-09 with the cumulative effect recognized at the date of initial application. ASU 2014-09 will be effective for the Company beginning in fiscal 2019 as a result of ASU 2015-14, “Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606): Deferral of the Effective Date,” which was issued by the FASB in August 2015 and extended the original effective date by one year. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of adopting the available methodologies of ASU 2014-09 and 2015-14 upon its financial statements in future reporting periods. The Company has not yet selected a transition method. The Company is in the process of evaluating the new standard against its existing accounting policies, including the timing of revenue recognition and its contracts with customers to determine the effect the guidance will have on its financial statements and what changes to systems and controls may be warranted.
There have been six new ASUs issued amending certain aspects of ASU 2014-09, ASU 2016-08, “Principal versus Agent Considerations (Reporting Revenue Gross Versus Net),” was issued in March, 2016 to clarify certain aspects of the principal versus agent guidance in ASU 2014-09. In addition, ASU 2016-10, “Identifying Performance Obligations and Licensing,” issued in April 2016, amends other sections of ASU2014-09 including clarifying guidance related to identifying performance obligations and licensing implementation. ASU 2016-12, “Revenue from Contracts with Customers — Narrow Scope Improvements and Practical Expedients” provides amendments and practical expedients to the guidance in ASU 2014-09 in the areas of assessing collectability, presentation of sales taxes received from customers, noncash consideration, contract modification and clarification of using the full retrospective approach to adopts ASU 2014-09. ASU 2016-20, “Technical Corrections and Improvements to Topic 606, Revenue from Contracts with Customers,” was issued in December 2016, and provides elections regarding the disclosures required for remaining performance obligations in certain cases and also makes other technical corrections and improvements to the standard. ASU 2017-13, “Revenue Recognition (Topic 605), Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606), Leases (Topic 840), and Leases (Topic 842): Amendments to SEC Paragraphs Pursuant to the Staff Announcement at the July 20, 2017 EITF Meeting and Rescission of Prior SEC Staff Announcements and Observer Comments”, was issued in September 2017, and provides amendments to paragraph 606-10-65-1. ASU 2017-14, “Income Statement — Reporting Comprehensive Income (Topic 220), Revenue Recognition (Topic 605), and Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606)”, was issued in November 2017 and supersedes various SEC paragraphs and amends an SEC paragraph pursuant to the issuance of Staff Accounting Bulletin No. 116.
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SENMIAO TECHNOLOGY LIMITED
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
2. SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (CONTINUED)
The Company does not believe other recently issued but not yet effective accounting standards, if currently adopted, would have a material effect on the Company’s consolidated balance sheets, statements of income and comprehensive income and statements of cash flows.
3. PREPAYMENTS, RECEIVABLES AND OTHER ASSETS
As of December 31, 2017 and March 31, 2017, prepayments, receivables and other assets consisted of the following:

​ | ​ | ​ | December 31, 2017 | ​ | ​ | March 31, 2017
​ | ​ | ​ | (unaudited) | ​ | ​
Staff IOU | ​ | ​ | ​ | $ | 3,838 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | $ | 8,654
Prepaid expenses | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 3,391 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 6,961
Advance to a supplier | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 3,309
Others | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 2,141 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 552
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | $ | 9,370 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | $ | 19,476
​

4. PROPERTY AND EQUIPEMENT, NET
The Company’s property and equipment are recorded at cost less accumulated depreciation. Depreciation expenses are calculated using straight-line method over the estimated useful life with no salvage value.
Property and equipment consist of the following:

​ | ​ | ​ | Useful life | ​ | ​ | December 31, 2017 | ​ | ​ | March 31, 2017 | ​
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | (unaudited) | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Purchased computer equipment | ​ | ​ | 3 years | ​ | ​ | ​ | $ | 6,764 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | $ | 1,971 | ​ | ​
Computer equipment acquired in the Acquisition | ​ | ​ | 2 years | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 3,830 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 3,616 | ​ | ​
Less: accumulated depreciation | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | (3,692) | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | (939) | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | $ | 6,902 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | $ | 4,648 | ​ | ​
​

Depreciation expense totaled $990 and $466 for the three months ended December 31, 2017 and 2016, respectively. Depreciation expense totaled $2,615 and $466 for the nine months ended December 31, 2017 and 2016, respectively.
5. INTANGIBLE ASSETS, NET
Sichuan Senmiao completed the acquisition of a peer-to-peer lending business. The Company acquired all of the right, title and interest in and to substantially all of the assets associates with the lending business, including the lending platform, (consisting of website, ICP license, operating systems, servers, and management system), all its employees and users and computer equipment.
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SENMIAO TECHNOLOGY LIMITED
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
5. INTANGIBLE ASSETS, NET (CONTINUED)
The following table summarizes the estimated fair values for major classes of assets acquired and liabilities assumed at the date of acquisition, using the exchange rate of 6.6714 on that day:

​ | ​ | ​ | Fair value | ​
Net tangible assets | ​ | ​ | ​ | $ | 3,735 | ​ | ​
Platform | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 4,230,000 | ​ | ​
User relationships | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 395,000 | ​ | ​
Goodwill | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 5,817,308 | ​ | ​
Total purchase consideration | ​ | ​ | ​ | $ | 10,446,043 | ​ | ​
​

In addition to the Platform and user relationships obtained in the Acquisition, the Company obtained software of  $78,896 which is used to improve the efficiency of the Platform. As of December 31, 2017, the intangible assets consist of the following:

​ | ​ | ​ | Useful life | ​ | ​ | December 31, 2017 | ​ | ​ | March 31, 2017 | ​
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | (unaudited) | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
User relationship | ​ | ​ | 10 | ​ | ​ | ​ | $ | 405,020 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | $ | 382,405 | ​ | ​
Less: accumulated amortization | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | (50,628) | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | (19,120) | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | $ | 354,392 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | $ | 363,285 | ​ | ​
Platform | ​ | ​ | 7 | ​ | ​ | ​ | $ | 4,337,303 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | $ | 4,095,124 | ​ | ​
Software | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 81,612 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 77,055 | ​ | ​
Less: accumulated amortization | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | (789,092) | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | (298,013) | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | $ | 3,629,823 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | $ | 3,874,166 | ​ | ​
​

Amortization expense totaled $165,206 and $161,646 for the three months ended December 31, 2017 and 2016, respectively. Amortization expense totaled $488,210 and $161,646 for the nine months ended December 31, 2017 and 2016, respectively.
6. ACCRUED EXPENSES AND OTHER LIABILITIES

​ | ​ | ​ | December 31, 2017 | ​ | ​ | March 31, 2017
​ | ​ | ​ | (unaudited) | ​ | ​
Other payable for intangible assets | ​ | ​ | ​ | $ | — | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | $ | 19,010
Accrued payroll and welfare | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 160,318 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 68,976
Other tax payable | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 8,972 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 2,270
Receipts in advance | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 810 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | —
Others current liabilities | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 36,063 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | —
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | $ | 206,163 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | $ | 90,256
​

The balance of other current liability represented amount due to suppliers for operating expenses.
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SENMIAO TECHNOLOGY LIMITED
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
7. EMPLOYEE BENEFIT PLAN
The Company has made employee benefit contribution in accordance with relevant Chinese regulations, including retirement insurance, unemployment insurance, medical insurance, housing fund, work injury insurance and maternity insurance. The Company recorded the contribution in the salary and employee charges when incurred. The contributions made by the Company were $11,296 and $20,847 for the three months ended December 31, 2017 and 2016, respectively. The contributions made by the Company were $26,236 and $22,295 for the nine months ended December 31, 2017 and 2016, respectively.
As of December 31, 2017 and March 31, 2017, the Company did not make adequate employee benefit contributions in the amount of  $119,755 and $34,437. The Company accrued the amount in accrued payroll and welfare (Note 6).
8. COMMON STOCK
The Company is authorized to issue 100,000,000 shares of  $0.0001 par value common stock. On September 18, 2017, the Company issued common stocks of an aggregate of 40,500,000 shares of 0.0001 par value to Sichuan Senmiao Shareholders. On January 29, 2018, our board of directors and stockholders approved a one-for-two reverse stock split of our issued and outstanding shares of common stock. As such, the 40,500,000 shares decreased to 20,250,000 shares. In connection with Restructuring, all shares and per share amounts have been retroactively restated as if it occurred on April 1, 2015.
On June 19, 2017 and July 11, 2017, the Company sold 100,000 shares of common stocks and 4,400,000 shares of common stocks to one individual and three consultants for a consideration of  $10 and $440, respectively. As of September 30, 2017, the aggregated consideration of  $450 was outstanding and was recorded as a subscription receivable. On January 29, 2018, our board of directors and stockholders approved a one-for-two reverse stock split of our issued and outstanding shares of common stock. As such, the 100,000 shares and 4,400,000 shares decreased to 50,000 shares and 2,200,000 shares, respectively.
The Company recorded a debit expense and a credit additional paid-in capital for the difference between cash consideration of  $450 and fair value of  $100,000 for the services provided by the individual and consultants. The fair value of the services was estimated by using observable price of the services those non-employees provided to other third party customers.
As of December 31, 2017, the Company had 22,500,000 shares of common stocks issued and outstanding.
9. INCOME TAXES
The Company is a tax-exempt company incorporated in the State of Nevada and conducts substantially all of its business through its subsidiary and VIE. The Company is subject to corporate income taxes in the PRC and the United States. For the three and nine months ended December 31, 2017 and 2016, the statutory income tax rates for the Company and its subsidiary and VIE are as follows:

​ | PRC | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 25% | ​ | ​
​ | United States | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 35% | ​ | ​

The Company is subject to PRC Enterprise Income Tax (“EIT”) on the taxable income in accordance with the relevant PRC income tax laws. The EIT rate for companies operating in the PRC is 25%.
The Company’s income or loss before income tax from both continuing operations and discontinued operations are incurred by PRC entities. Income taxes that are attributed to the discontinued operations in the PRC were $nil and $nil for the three and nine months ended December 31, 2017 and 2016.
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SENMIAO TECHNOLOGY LIMITED
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
9. INCOME TAXES (CONTINUED)
Income taxes that are attributed to the continuing operations in the PRC are consist of:

​ | ​ | ​ | For the Three Months Ended December 31 | ​ | ​ | For the Nine months Ended December 31 | ​
​ | ​ | ​ | 2017 | ​ | ​ | 2016 | ​ | ​ | 2017 | ​ | ​ | 2016 | ​
​ | ​ | ​ | (unaudited) | ​ | ​ | (unaudited) | ​ | ​ | (unaudited) | ​ | ​ | (unaudited) | ​
Current income tax expense | ​ | ​ | ​ | $ | — | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | $ | — | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | $ | — | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | $ | — | ​ | ​
Deferred income tax benefit | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | $ | — | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | $ | — | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | $ | — | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | $ | — | ​ | ​
​

The tax effects of temporary differences from continuing operations that give rise to the Company’s deferred tax assets are as follows:

​ | ​ | ​ | December 31, 2017 | ​ | ​ | March 31, 2017 | ​
​ | ​ | ​ | (unaudited) | ​ | ​
Deferred tax assets arising from tax losses carried forward | ​ | ​ | ​ | $ | 400,787 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | $ | 131,874 | ​ | ​
Less: valuation allowance | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | (400,787) | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | (131,874) | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | $ | — | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | $ | — | ​ | ​
​

The Company evaluates the level of authority for each uncertain tax position (including the potential application of interest and penalties) based on the technical merits, and measures the unrecognized benefits associated with the tax positions. For the three and nine months ended December 31, 2017 and 2016, the Company had no unrecognized tax benefits. As of December 31, 2017 and March 31, 2017, the Company had net accumulated tax loss carried-forwards of  $1,603,149 and $527,498, which will expire in 2022 and 2021, respectively. The Company reviews deferred tax assets for a valuation allowance based upon whether it is more likely than not that the deferred tax asset will be fully realized. At December 31, 2017 and March 31, 2017, full valuation allowance is provided against the deferred tax assets based upon management’s assessment as to their realization.
The Company does not anticipate any significant increase to its asset for unrecognized tax benefit within the next 12 months. The Company will classify interest and penalties related to income tax matters, if any, in income tax expense.
The Company evaluates its valuation allowance requirements at end of each reporting period by reviewing all available evidence, both positive and negative, and considering whether, based on the weight of that evidence, a valuation allowance is needed. When circumstances cause a change in management’s judgement about the realizability of deferred tax assets, the impact of the change on the valuation allowance is generally reflected in income from operations. The future realization of the tax benefit of an existing deductible temporary difference ultimately depends on the existence of sufficient taxable income of the appropriate character within the carryforward period available under applicable tax law.
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SENMIAO TECHNOLOGY LIMITED
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
10. RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS AND BALANCES
1) Nature of relationships with related parties

Name | ​ | ​ | Relationship with the Company | ​
Jun Wang | ​ | ​ | 2.45% Shareholder of the Company and 2.45% shareholder of Sichuan Senmiao as of December 31, 2017 | ​
Xiang Hu | ​ | ​ | 47% Shareholder of the Company and 87% shareholder of Sichuan Senmiao as of December 31, 2017 | ​
Hong Li | ​ | ​ | 2.05% Shareholder and management member of Sichuan Senmiao as of December 31, 2017 | ​

2) Related party balances
As of December 31 and March 31, 2017, the balance due to related parties was as follows:

​ | ​ | ​ | December 31, 2017 | ​ | ​ | March 31, 2017 | ​
​ | ​ | ​ | (unaudited) | ​ | ​
Jun Wang | ​ | ​ | ​ | $ | 68,815 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | $ | 43,534 | ​ | ​
Xiang Hu | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 619,335 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 290,227 | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | $ | 688,150 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | $ | 333,761 | ​ | ​
​

The balances due to Jun Wang and Xiang Hu are unsecured borrowings.
3) Related party transactions
The Company entered into loan agreements with Xiang Hu and Jun Wang, who agreed to grant a line of credit of approximating $922,700 and $153,700, respectively, for five years to the Company. The line of credit was not interest-bearing, effective from January 2017. During the nine months ended December 31, 2017, the Company borrowed from Hu Xiang and Jun Wang, the shareholders of the Company and Sichuan Senmiao, in the amount of $312,008 and $23,084, respectively. These borrowings were non-interest bearing and without specific terms of repayment.
During the nine months ended December 31, 2017, the Company paid listing expenses on behalf of Xiang Hu and Jun Wang, the shareholders of the Company and Sichuan Senmiao, who agreed to pay part of the Company’s expenses in connection with its initial public offering, in the amount of  $13,909 and $1,545, respectively. During the three months ended December 31, 2017, the Company did not incur such expenses. Agreed with the shareholders, the Company accounted for the expenses as a deduction against the amount due from the shareholders.
During the years ended March 31, 2017, the Company leased its offices under two lease agreements both with a term from January 1, 2017 to January 1, 2020. Both lease agreements were entered into between the Company with Hong Li, a shareholder and management member of Sichuan Senmiao. For the nine months ended December 31, 2017, the Company paid nine-month rental expenses of  $85,277 to Hong Li.
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SENMIAO TECHNOLOGY LIMITED
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
11. COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES
1) Lease Commitments
During the year ended March 31, 2017, the Company leased its offices under two lease agreements both with a term from January 1, 2017 to January 1, 2020, and leased an apartment for one management member from February 20, 2017 to February 20, 2018. The following table sets forth the Company’s contractual obligations as of December 31, 2017 in future periods:

​ | ​ | ​ | Rental payments | ​
Year ending December 31, 2018 | ​ | ​ | ​ | $ | 125,079 | ​ | ​
Year ending December 31, 2019 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 117,341 | ​ | ​
Year ending December 31, 2020 and thereafter | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | $ | 242,420 | ​ | ​
​

12. PARENT-ONLY FINANCIALS
SENMIAO TECHNOLOGY LIMITED
BALANCE SHEETS

​ | ​ | ​ | December 31, 2017 | ​ | ​ | March 31, 2017 | ​
​ | ​ | ​ | (unaudited) | ​ | ​
ASSETS | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Total Assets | ​ | ​ | ​ | $ | — | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | $ | — | ​ | ​
LIABILITIES AND SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Total Liabilities | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​
Shareholders’ Equity | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Common stocks (par value $0.0001 per share, 100,000,000 shares authorized; 22,500,000 and 20,250,000 shares issued and outstanding at December 31, 2017 and March 31, 2017, respectively*) | ​ | ​ | ​ | $ | 2,250 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | $ | 2,025 | ​ | ​
Additional paid-in capital | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 97,750 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | (2,025) | ​ | ​
Subscription receivable | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | (450) | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​
Retained earnings | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | (99,550) | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​
Total Shareholders’ Equity | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​
Total Liabilities and Shareholders’ Equity | ​ | ​ | ​ | $ | — | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | $ | — | ​ | ​
​

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SENMIAO TECHNOLOGY LIMITED
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
12. PARENT-ONLY FINANCIALS (CONTINUED)
SENMIAO TECHNOLOGY LIMITED
STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS

​ | ​ | ​ | For the Three Months Ended December 31 | ​ | ​ | For the Nine months Ended December 31 | ​
​ | ​ | ​ | 2017 | ​ | ​ | 2016 | ​ | ​ | 2017 | ​ | ​ | 2016 | ​
​ | ​ | ​ | (unaudited) | ​ | ​ | (unaudited) | ​ | ​ | (unaudited) | ​ | ​ | (unaudited) | ​
Operating expenses: | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
General and administrative expenses | ​ | ​ | ​ | $ | (99,550) | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | $ | — | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | $ | (99,550) | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | $ | — | ​ | ​
Total operating expenses | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | (99,550) | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | (99,550) | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​
Net Loss | ​ | ​ | ​ | $ | (99,550) | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | $ | — | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | $ | (99,550) | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | $ | — | ​ | ​
Net loss per common share – basic and diluted | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | (0.00) | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | (0.00) | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​
Weighted average number of common shares –  basic and diluted | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 22,500,000 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 20,250,000 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 21,669,455 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 20,250,000 | ​ | ​

SENMIAO TECHNOLOGY LIMITED
STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS

​ | ​ | ​ | For the nine months ended December 31, | ​
​ | ​ | ​ | 2017 | ​ | ​ | 2016 | ​
​ | ​ | ​ | (unaudited) | ​ | ​ | (unaudited) | ​
Cash Flows from Operating Activities | ​ | ​ | ​ | $ | — | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | $ | — | ​ | ​
Cash Flows from Investing Activities | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​
Cash Flows from Financing Activities | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​
Changes in cash and cash equivalents | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​
Cash and cash equivalents, beginning of year | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​
Cash and cash equivalents, end of year | ​ | ​ | ​ | $ | — | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | $ | — | ​ | ​
Supplemental Cash Flows Information: | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Income tax paid | ​ | ​ | ​ | $ | — | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | $ | — | ​ | ​
Interest paid | ​ | ​ | ​ | $ | — | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | $ | — | ​ | ​
Non-cash investing and financing activities: | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Shares issued to founders | ​ | ​ | ​ | $ | — | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | $ | — | ​ | ​

(a) Basis of presentation
The condensed financial information of Senmiao Technology Limited, has been prepared using the same accounting policies as set out in the consolidated financial statements. Certain information and footnote disclosures normally included in financial statements prepared in accordance with U.S. GAAP have been condensed or omitted by reference to the consolidated financial statements.
In connection with the Restructuring, the Company consolidates the Senmiao Consulting, the WFOE, and Sichuan Senmiao, the VIE.
Each of the Company’s PRC subsidiaries and VIEs has restrictions on its ability to pay dividends to the Company under PRC laws and regulations. The subsidiaries did not pay any dividends to the Company for the years presented.
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SENMIAO TECHNOLOGY LIMITED
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
12. PARENT-ONLY FINANCIALS (CONTINUED)
(b) Shareholders’ equity
On September 18, 2017, the Company issued an aggregate of 40,500,000 shares of 0.0001 par value to Sichuan Senmiao Shareholders. The Company recorded common stocks of  $4,050 for the issuance of shares.
On June 19, 2017 and July 11, 2017, the Company sold 100,000 shares of common stocks and 4,400,000 shares of common stocks to one individual and three consultants for a consideration of  $10 and $440, respectively. As of September 30, 2017, the aggregated consideration of  $450 was outstanding and was recorded as a subscription receivable.
The Company recorded a debit expense and a credit additional paid-in capital for the difference between cash consideration of  $450 and fair value of  $100,000 for the services provided by the individual and consultants. The fair value of the services was estimated by using observable price of the services those non-employees provided to other third party customers.
On January 29, 2018, our board of directors and stockholders approved a one-for-two reverse stock split of our issued and outstanding shares of common stock.
As of December 31, 2017, the Company had 22,500,000 shares of common stocks issued and outstanding.
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​
​
Senmiao Technology Limited
3,250,000 Shares
Common Stock
​
PROSPECTUS
​
Sole Book-Running Manager
ViewTrade Securities Inc.
, 2018
Until        , 2018 (25 days after the date of this prospectus), all dealers that buy, sell or trade our common stock, whether or not participating in this offering, may be required to deliver a prospectus. This is in addition to the dealers’ obligation to deliver a prospectus when acting as underwriters and with respect to their unsold allotments or subscriptions.
​
​

TABLE OF CONTENTS​
PART II
INFORMATION NOT REQUIRED IN PROSPECTUS
Item 13. Other Expenses of Issuance and Distribution
The estimated expenses payable by us in connection with the offering described in this registration statement (other than the underwriting discount and commissions) will be as follows:

​ | SEC Registration Fees | ​ | ​ | ​ | $ | 2,346 | ​ | ​
​ | FINRA Filing Fees | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 3,914 | ​ | ​
​ | Accounting fees and expenses | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 170,536 | ​ | ​
​ | Printing and engraving expenses | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 58,000 | ​ | ​
​ | Nasdaq Stock Market listing fee | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 75,000 | ​ | ​
​ | Legal fees and expenses | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 507,284 | ​ | ​
​ | Miscellaneous(1) | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 515,000 | ​ | ​
​ | Total | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 1,332,080 | ​ | ​
​

​
(1)
This amount represents additional expenses that may be incurred by the Company in connection with the offering over and above those specifically listed above, including distribution and mailing costs.
​
Item 14. Indemnification of Directors and Officers
Nevada Law
Section 78.7502 of the Nevada Revised Statutes provides that a Nevada corporation may indemnify any person who was or is a party or is threatened to be made a party to any threatened, pending or completed action, suit or proceeding, whether civil, criminal, administrative or investigative, except an action by or in the right of the corporation, by reason of the fact that he is or was a director, officer, employee or agent of the corporation, or is or was serving at the request of the corporation as a director, officer, employee or agent of another corporation, partnership, joint venture, trust or other enterprise, against expenses, including attorneys’ fees, judgments, fines and amounts paid in settlement actually and reasonably incurred by him in connection with the action, suit or proceeding if he is not liable under Section 78.138 of the Nevada Revised Statutes for breach of his or her fiduciary duties to the corporation or he acted in good faith and in a manner which he reasonably believed to be in or not opposed to the best interests of the corporation, and, with respect to any criminal action or proceeding, had no reasonable cause to believe his conduct was unlawful.
Section 78.7502 further provides a Nevada corporation may indemnify any person who was or is a party or is threatened to be made a party to any threatened, pending or completed action or suit by or in the right of the corporation to procure a judgment in its favor by reason of the fact that he is or was a director, officer, employee or agent of the corporation, or is or was serving at the request of the corporation as a director, officer, employee or agent of another corporation, partnership, joint venture, trust or other enterprise against expenses, including amounts paid in settlement and attorneys’ fees actually and reasonably incurred by him in connection with the defense or settlement of the action or suit if he is not liable under Section 78.138 of the Nevada Revised Statutes for breach of his or her fiduciary duties to the corporation or he acted in good faith and in a manner which he reasonably believed to be in or not opposed to the best interests of the corporation.
Indemnification may not be made for any claim, issue or matter as to which such a person has been adjudged by a court of competent jurisdiction, after exhaustion of all appeals therefrom, to be liable to the corporation or for amounts paid in settlement to the corporation, unless and only to the extent that the court in which the action or suit was brought or other court of competent jurisdiction determines upon application that in view of all the circumstances of the case, the person is fairly and reasonably entitled to indemnity for such expenses as the court deems proper.
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To the extent that a director, officer, employee or agent of a corporation has been successful on the merits or otherwise in defense of any non-derivative proceeding or any derivative proceeding, or in defense of any claim, issue or matter therein, the corporation shall indemnify him or her against expenses, including attorneys’ fees, actually and reasonably incurred in connection with the defense.
Further, Nevada law permits a Nevada corporation to purchase and maintain insurance or to make other financial arrangements on behalf of any person who is or was a director, officer, employee or agent of the corporation, or is or was serving at the request of the corporation as a director, officer, employee or agent of another corporation, partnership, joint venture, trust or other enterprise for any liability asserted against him or her and liability and expenses incurred by him or her in his or her capacity as a director, officer, employee or agent, or arising out of his or her status as such, whether or not the corporation has the authority to indemnify him or her against such liability and expenses.
Charter Provisions of the Company
The Company’s articles of incorporation (the “Articles of Incorporation”) provide that the Company shall provide indemnification to its directors and officers to the maximum extent permitted by law. The Company shall pay advancements of expenses in advance of the final disposition of the action, suit or proceedings upon receipt of an undertaking by or on behalf of the director or officer to repay the amount even if it is ultimately determined that he or she is not entitled to indemnification by the Company. The Company is permitted by the Articles of Incorporation to purchase and maintain insurance in connection with its indemnification obligations. Insofar as indemnification for liabilities arising under the Securities Act, may be permitted to directors, officers and controlling persons of the Company pursuant to the foregoing provisions, we have been advised that the opinion of the SEC is that such indemnification is against public policy as expressed in the Securities Act and is, therefore, unenforceable.
Item 15. Recent Sales of Unregistered Securities
On June 19, 2017, the Company sold 50,000 shares of its common stock to an individual for a purchase price of  $10.00. Such securities were issued pursuant to the exemption from registration contained in Section 4(a)(2) of the Securities Act.
On July 11, 2017, the Company issued an aggregate of 2,200,000 shares of common stock to three consultants of the Company for a total purchase price of  $440.00. These shares were also issued as part of consideration for services provided by such consultants to the Company. Such issuances were made pursuant to the exemption from registration contained in Section 4(a)(2) of the Securities Act.
In September 2017, we issued an aggregate of 20,250,000 shares of common stock to the equity holders of Sichuan Senmiao, our variable interest entity, as contemplated by the Exclusive Business Cooperation Agreement. The issuances were made pursuant to the exemption from registration contained in Section 4(a)(2) of the Securities Act.
Item 16. Exhibits

Exhibit No. | ​ | ​ | Description | ​ | ​
1.1 | ​ | ​ | Form of Underwriting Agreement* | ​ | ​
3.1 | ​ | ​ | Articles of Incorporation of the Company* | ​ | ​
3.2 | ​ | ​ | Certificate of Amendment to Articles of Incorporation of the Company* | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
3.3 | ​ | ​ | Bylaws of the Company* | ​ | ​
4.1 | ​ | ​ | Form of Underwriter’s Warrant * | ​ | ​
5.1 | ​ | ​ | Legal Opinion of Ellenoff Grossman & Schole LLP** | ​ | ​
5.2 | ​ | ​ | Opinion of Yuan Tai Law Offices* | ​ | ​

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Exhibit No. | ​ | ​ | Description | ​
10.1 | ​ | ​ | Exclusive Business Cooperation Agreement, dated September 18, 2017, by and between Sichuan Senmiao Zecheng Business Consulting Co., Ltd. and Sichuan Senmiao Ronglian Technology Co., Ltd.* | ​
10.2 | ​ | ​ | Form of Equity Interest Pledge Agreement by and among Sichuan Senmiao Zecheng Business Consulting Co., Ltd., Sichuan Senmiao Ronglian Technology Co., Ltd. and each equity holder of Sichuan Senmiao Ronglian Technology Co., Ltd. * | ​
10.3 | ​ | ​ | Exclusive Option Agreement, dated September 18, 2017, by and among Sichuan Senmiao Zecheng Business Consulting Co., Ltd., Sichuan Senmiao Ronglian Technology Co., Ltd. and each equity holder of Sichuan Senmiao Ronglian Technology Co., Ltd.* | ​
10.4 | ​ | ​ | Form of Power of Attorney* | ​
10.5 | ​ | ​ | Timely Reporting Agreement, dated September 18, 2017, by and between Sichuan Senmiao Ronglian Technology Co., Ltd. and the Company* | ​
10.6 | ​ | ​ | Form of Financial Intermediary Service Contract* | ​
10.7 | ​ | ​ | System Integrating Agreement, dated December 7, 2016, by and between the Company and Guangdong Huaxing Bank Co., Ltd.* | ​
10.8 | ​ | ​ | Individual Network Lending Institution Clients Fund Depository Business Cooperation Agreement, dated February 23, 2017, by and between the Company and Guangdong Huaxing Bank Co., Ltd.* | ​
10.9 | ​ | ​ | Internet Financial Platform Transfer Agreement, dated September 23, 2016, by and between the Company and Sichuan Cheng He Xin Investment Financing Information Consultation Co., Ltd.* | ​
10.10 | ​ | ​ | Supplementary to Internet Financial Platform Transfer Agreement, dated March 26, 2017, by and between the Company and Sichuan Cheng He Xin Investment Financing Information Consultation Co., Ltd.* | ​
10.11 | ​ | ​ | Lease Agreement, dated December 29, 2016, by and among the Company, Xiaodong Yang and Hong Li* | ​
10.12 | ​ | ​ | Supplemental Lease Agreement, dated January 1, 2017, by and among the Company, Xiaodong Yang and Hong Li* | ​
10.13 | ​ | ​ | Form of Loan Assignment and Repurchase Agreement* | ​
10.14 | ​ | ​ | Form of Loan and Security Agreement* | ​
10.15 | ​ | ​ | Strategic Cooperation Framework Agreement, dated March 18, 2017, by and between the Company and Resgreen Health Science & Technology Group Co., Ltd.* | ​
10.16 | ​ | ​ | Employment Agreement between the Company and Xin Chen* | ​
10.17 | ​ | ​ | Employment Agreement between the Company and Rong Zhu* | ​
10.18 | ​ | ​ | Employment Agreement between the Company and Chunhai Li* | ​
10.19 | ​ | ​ | Form of Director Offer Letter* | ​
10.20 | ​ | ​ | Form of Lock-Up Agreement* | ​
10.21 | ​ | ​ | Form of Indemnification Escrow Agreement* | ​
10.22 | ​ | ​ | Loan Agreement, effective January 1, 2017, by and between Xiang Hu and Sichuan Senmiao Ronglian Technology Co., Ltd.* | ​
10.23 | ​ | ​ | Loan Agreement, effective January 1, 2017, by and between Jun Wang and Sichuan Senmiao Ronglian Technology Co., Ltd.* | ​
14.1 | ​ | ​ | Code of Ethics* | ​
16.1 | ​ | ​ | Letter from Anton & Chia, LLP* | ​
21.1 | ​ | ​ | List of Subsidiaries* | ​

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Exhibit No. | ​ | ​ | Description | ​
23.1 | ​ | ​ | Consent of ZH CPA LLP** | ​
23.2 | ​ | ​ | Consent of Ellenoff Grossman & Schole LLP (included in Exhibit 5.1)** | ​
23.3 | ​ | ​ | Consent of Yuantai Law Offices (included in Exhibit 5.2)* | ​
24.1 | ​ | ​ | Power of Attorney* | ​
99.1 | ​ | ​ | Consent of Trent D. Davis* | ​

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*
Previously filed
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**
Filed herewith
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Item 17. Undertakings
The undersigned registrant hereby undertakes:
(a)
The undersigned registrant hereby undertakes to provide to the underwriter at the closing specified in the underwriting agreements, certificates in such denominations and registered in such names as required by the underwriter to permit prompt delivery to each purchaser.
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(b)
Insofar as indemnification for liabilities arising under the Securities Act of 1933 may be permitted to directors, officers and controlling persons of the registrant pursuant to the foregoing provisions, or otherwise, the registrant has been advised that in the opinion of the Securities and Exchange Commission such indemnification is against public policy as expressed in the Act and is, therefore, unenforceable. In the event that a claim for indemnification against such liabilities (other than the payment by the registrant of expenses incurred or paid by a director, officer or controlling person of the registrant in the successful defense of any action, suit or proceeding) is asserted by such director, officer or controlling person in connection with the securities being registered, the registrant will, unless in the opinion of its counsel the matter has been settled by controlling precedent, submit to a court of appropriate jurisdiction the question whether such indemnification by it is against public policy as expressed in the Act and will be governed by the final adjudication of such issue.
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(c)
The undersigned registrant hereby undertakes that:
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(1)
To file, during any period in which offers or sales are being made, a post-effective amendment to this registration statement:
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(i)
To include any prospectus required by Section 10(a)(3) of the Securities Act of 1933;
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(ii)
To reflect in the prospectus any facts or events arising after the effective date of the registration statement (or the most recent post-effective amendment thereof) which, individually or in the aggregate, represent a fundamental change in the information set forth in the registration statement. Notwithstanding the foregoing, any increase or decrease in volume of securities offered (if the total dollar value of securities offered would not exceed that which was registered) and any deviation from the low or high end of the estimated maximum offering range may be reflected in the form of prospectus filed with the Commission pursuant to Rule 424(b) if, in the aggregate, the changes in volume and price represent no more than 20 percent change in the maximum aggregate offering price set forth in the “Calculation of Registration Fee” table in the effective registration statement;
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(iii)
To include any material information with respect to the plan of distribution not previously disclosed in the registration statement or any material change to such information in the registration statement.
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(2)
For purposes of determining any liability under the Securities Act of 1933, the information omitted from the form of prospectus filed as part of this registration statement in reliance upon Rule 430A and contained in a form of prospectus filed by the registrant pursuant to Rule 424(b)(1) or (4) or 497(h) under the Securities Act shall be deemed to be part of this registration statement as of the time it was declared effective.
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(3)
To remove from registration by means of a post-effective amendment any of the securities being registered which remain unsold at the termination of the offering.
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(4)
For the purpose of determining any liability under the Securities Act of 1933, each post-effective amendment that contains a form of prospectus shall be deemed to be a new registration statement relating to the securities offered therein, and the offering of such securities at that time shall be deemed to be the initial bona fide offering thereof.
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(5)
For the purpose of determining liability of a registrant under the Securities Act of 1933 to any purchaser in the initial distribution of the securities, the undersigned registrant undertakes that in a primary offering of securities of an undersigned registrant pursuant to this registration statement, regardless of the underwriting method used to sell the securities to the purchaser, if the securities are offered or sold to such purchaser by means of any of the following communications, the undersigned registrant will be a seller to the purchaser and will be considered to offer or sell such securities to such purchaser:
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(i)
Any preliminary prospectus or prospectus of the undersigned registrant relating to the offering required to be filed pursuant to Rule 424;
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(ii)
Any free writing prospectus relating to the offering prepared by or on behalf of the undersigned registrant or used or referred to by an undersigned registrant;
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(iii)
The portion of any other free writing prospectus relating to the offering containing material information about the undersigned registrant or its securities provided by or on behalf of the undersigned registrant; and
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(iv)
Any other communication that is an offer in the offering made by the undersigned registrant to the purchaser.
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SIGNATURES
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Act of 1933, the registrant has duly caused this registration statement to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized, in the City of Chengdu, China, on the 16th day of February, 2018.

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | SENMIAO TECHNOLOGY LIMITED | ​
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | By: | ​ | ​ | /s/ Xin Chen | ​
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | Name: Xin Chen | ​
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | Title: Chief Executive Officer | ​

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Act of 1933, this registration statement has been signed by the following persons in the capacities and on the dates indicated below.

Signature | ​ | ​ | Title | ​ | ​ | Date | ​
/s/ Xin Chen ​ Xin Chen | ​ | ​ | Chief Executive Officer (Principal Executive Officer) | ​ | ​ | February 16, 2018 | ​
/s/ Rong Zhu ​ Rong Zhu | ​ | ​ | Chief Financial Officer (Principal Financial and Accounting Officer) | ​ | ​ | February 16, 2018 | ​
* ​ Xi Wen | ​ | ​ | President, Secretary and Chairman | ​ | ​ | February 16, 2018 | ​
* ​ Xiaojuan Lin | ​ | ​ | Director | ​ | ​ | February 16, 2018 | ​
* ​ Xiang Hu | ​ | ​ | Director | ​ | ​ | February 16, 2018 | ​
* ​ Yulei Rao | ​ | ​ | Director | ​ | ​ | February 16, 2018 | ​

​ | *By: | ​ | ​ | /s/ Xin Chen | ​
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | Xin Chen Attorney-In-Fact | ​

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INDEX TO EXHIBITS
The following exhibits are filed as part of this registration statement:

Exhibit No. | ​ | ​ | Description | ​
1.1 | ​ | ​ | Form of Underwriting Agreement* | ​
3.1 | ​ | ​ | Articles of Incorporation of the Company* | ​
3.2 | ​ | ​ | Certificate of Amendment to Articles of Incorporation of the Company* | ​
3.3 | ​ | ​ | Bylaws of the Company* | ​
4.1 | ​ | ​ | Form of Underwriter’s Warrant * | ​
5.1 | ​ | ​ | Legal Opinion of Ellenoff Grossman & Schole LLP** | ​
5.2 | ​ | ​ | Opinion of Yuan Tai Law Offices* | ​
10.1 | ​ | ​ | Exclusive Business Cooperation Agreement, dated September 18, 2017, by and between Sichuan Senmiao Zecheng Business Consulting Co., Ltd. and Sichuan Senmiao Ronglian Technology Co., Ltd.* | ​
10.2 | ​ | ​ | Form of Equity Interest Pledge Agreement by and among Sichuan Senmiao Zecheng Business Consulting Co., Ltd., Sichuan Senmiao Ronglian Technology Co., Ltd. and each equity holder of Sichuan Senmiao Ronglian Technology Co., Ltd. * | ​
10.3 | ​ | ​ | Exclusive Option Agreement, dated September 18, 2017, by and among Sichuan Senmiao Zecheng Business Consulting Co., Ltd., Sichuan Senmiao Ronglian Technology Co., Ltd. and each equity holder of Sichuan Senmiao Ronglian Technology Co., Ltd.* | ​
10.4 | ​ | ​ | Form of Power of Attorney* | ​
10.5 | ​ | ​ | Timely Reporting Agreement, dated September 18, 2017, by and between Sichuan Senmiao Ronglian Technology Co., Ltd. and the Company* | ​
10.6 | ​ | ​ | Form of Financial Intermediary Service Contract* | ​
10.7 | ​ | ​ | System Integrating Agreement, dated December 7, 2016, by and between the Company and Guangdong Huaxing Bank Co., Ltd.* | ​
10.8 | ​ | ​ | Individual Network Lending Institution Clients Fund Depository Business Cooperation Agreement, dated February 23, 2017, by and between the Company and Guangdong Huaxing Bank Co., Ltd.* | ​
10.9 | ​ | ​ | Internet Financial Platform Transfer Agreement, dated September 23, 2016, by and between the Company and Sichuan Cheng He Xin Investment Financing Information Consultation Co., Ltd.* | ​
10.10 | ​ | ​ | Supplementary to Internet Financial Platform Transfer Agreement, dated March 26, 2017, by and between the Company and Sichuan Cheng He Xin Investment Financing Information Consultation Co., Ltd.* | ​
10.11 | ​ | ​ | Lease Agreement, dated December 29, 2016, by and among the Company, Xiaodong Yang and Hong Li* | ​
10.12 | ​ | ​ | Supplemental Lease Agreement, dated January 1, 2017, by and among the Company, Xiaodong Yang and Hong Li* | ​
10.13 | ​ | ​ | Form of Loan Assignment and Repurchase Agreement* | ​
10.14 | ​ | ​ | Form of Loan and Security Agreement* | ​
10.15 | ​ | ​ | Strategic Cooperation Framework Agreement, dated March 18, 2017, by and between the Company and Resgreen Health Science & Technology Group Co., Ltd.* | ​
10.16 | ​ | ​ | Employment Agreement between the Company and Xin Chen* | ​
10.17 | ​ | ​ | Employment Agreement between the Company and Rong Zhu* | ​
10.18 | ​ | ​ | Employment Agreement between the Company and Chunhai Li* | ​
10.19 | ​ | ​ | Form of Director Offer Letter* | ​
10.20 | ​ | ​ | Form of Lock-Up Agreement* | ​

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Exhibit No. | ​ | ​ | Description | ​
10.21 | ​ | ​ | Form of Indemnification Escrow Agreement* | ​
10.22 | ​ | ​ | Loan Agreement, effective January 1, 2017, by and between Xiang Hu and Sichuan Senmiao Ronglian Technology Co., Ltd.* | ​
10.23 | ​ | ​ | Loan Agreement, effective January 1, 2017, by and between Jun Wang and Sichuan Senmiao Ronglian Technology Co., Ltd.* | ​
14.1 | ​ | ​ | Code of Ethics* | ​
16.1 | ​ | ​ | Letter from Anton & Chia, LLP* | ​
21.1 | ​ | ​ | List of Subsidiaries* | ​
23.1 | ​ | ​ | Consent of ZH CPA LLP** | ​
23.2 | ​ | ​ | Consent of Ellenoff Grossman & Schole LLP (included in Exhibit 5.1)** | ​
23.3 | ​ | ​ | Consent of Yuan Tai Law Offices (included in Exhibit 5.2)* | ​
24.1 | ​ | ​ | Power of Attorney* | ​
99.1 | ​ | ​ | Consent of Trent D. Davis* | ​

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*
Previously filed
​
**
Filed herewith
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