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Accounting Policies, by Policy (Policies)
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2022
Accounting Policies [Abstract]  
Basis of Presentation

Basis of Presentation

 

The accompanying consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles in the United States (“GAAP”) and include all adjustments necessary for the presentation of the Company’s consolidated financial position, results of operations and cash flows for the periods presented. The consolidated financial statements include the accounts of the Company and its wholly owned subsidiary. All intercompany balances and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation.

 

On June 7, 2021, the Company’s Board of Directors declared a stock dividend of 2.15 shares of common stock for every share of common stock. This stock dividend was deemed a large stock dividend and was treated as a 1-for-3.15 stock split. The common stock shares and per share amounts (other than authorized shares) in these consolidated financial statements and related notes have been retroactively restated to reflect the stock dividend for all periods presented.

 

Use of estimates

Use of Estimates

 

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the amounts and disclosures reported in these condensed consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes. Actual results could differ materially from those estimates. The Company believes judgment is involved in accounting for the fair value-based measurement of stock-based compensation, accruals, convertible notes and warrants. The Company evaluates its estimates and assumptions as facts and circumstances dictate. As future events and their effects cannot be determined with precision, actual results could differ from these estimates and assumptions, and those differences could be material to the condensed consolidated financial statements.

 

Financial Statement Reclassifications

Financial Statement Reclassifications

 

Certain balances in the prior year consolidated financial statements have been reclassified to conform to the presentation in the current year consolidated financial statements.

 

Cash and Cash Equivalents

Cash and Cash Equivalents

 

The Company considers all highly liquid investments with maturities of three months or less at the date of purchase to be cash equivalents. Cash equivalents, consisting of highly liquid money market are carried at fair market value which approximates cost.

 

Revenue Recognition

Revenue Recognition

 

The Company recognizes revenue under the core principles of depicting the transfer of control to the Company’s customers in an amount reflecting the consideration to which the Company expected to be entitled. In order to achieve that core principle, the Company applies the following five step approach: (1) identify the contract with a customer, (2) identify the performance obligations in that contract, (3) determine the transaction price, (4) allocate the transaction price to the performance obligations in the contract, and (5) recognize revenue when a performance obligation is satisfied. 

 

The Company recognizes revenue when performance obligations under the terms of the contract with the customer are satisfied and are recognized at a point in time, which is also when control is transferred. When the Company performs shipping and handling activities after the transfer of control to the customer (e.g. when control transfers prior to delivery), they are considered fulfillment activities and, accordingly, the costs are accrued for when the related revenue is recognized. Sales tax and valued added taxes collected from the customers relating to product sales and remitted to governmental authorities are excluded from revenues.

 

Leases

Leases

 

Effective January 1, 2022, the Company adopted the Financial Accounting Standards Board’s (“FASB”) Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) ASC 842, Leases (“ASC 842”). The Company has adopted ASC 842 using the optional transition method and, as a result, there have been no reclassification of prior comparable periods due to this adoption.

 

The Company has arrangements involving the lease of facilities. Under ASC 842, at inception of the arrangement, the Company determines whether the contract is or contains a lease and whether the lease should be classified as an operating or a financing lease. This determination, among other considerations, involves an assessment of whether the Company can control the underlying asset and have the right to obtain substantially all to the economic benefits or outputs from the asset.

 

The Company recognizes right-of-use (“ROU”) assets and lease liabilities as of the lease commencement date based on the net present value of the future minimum lease payments over the lease term. ASC 842 requires the leases to use the rate implicit in the lease unless it is not readily determinable and then it may use its incremental borrowing rate (“IBR”) to discount the future minimum lease payments. Most of the Company’s leases do not provide an implicit rate; therefore, the Company uses its IBR to discount the future minimum lease payments. The Company determines its IBR with its credit rating and other economic information available as of the commencement date, as well as the identified lease term. During the assessment of the lease term, the Company considers its renewal options and extensions within the arrangements and the Company includes these options when it’s reasonably certain to extend the term of the lease.

 

The Company leases include both lease and non-lease components. Consideration is allocated to the lease and non-lease components based on estimated standalone prices. The Company has elected to exclude non-lease components from the calculation of its ROU assets and lease liabilities.

 

The Company has lease arrangements that contain incentives for tenant improvements as well as fixed rent escalation clauses. For contracts with tenant improvement incentives that are determined to be leasehold improvements and the Company is reasonably certain to exercise, it records a reduction to the lease liability and amortizes the incentive over the identified term of the lease as a reduction to rent expense. The Company records rental expense on a straight-line basis over the identified lease term on contracts with rent escalation clauses.

 

Finance leases are not material to the Company’s consolidated financial statements.

 

Concentration of Credit Risk

Concentration of Credit Risk

 

Cash, and cash equivalents consist of financial instruments that potentially subject the Company to a concentration of credit risk in the event of a default by the related financial institution holding the securities, to the extent of the value recorded in the balance sheet. The Company invests cash that is not required for immediate operating needs primarily in highly liquid instruments with lower credit risk.

 

Research and development expenses

Research and Development Expenses

 

Costs incurred in the research and development of new products are expensed as incurred. Research and development costs include, but are not limited to, salaries, benefits, stock-based compensation, laboratory supplies, fees for professional service providers and costs associated with product development efforts, including preclinical studies and clinical trials. As of December 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively, the Company had $371,000 and $0 capitalized in property and equipment related to pre-production molds and tooling related to the Symphony device.

 

The Company estimates preclinical study and clinical trial expenses based on the services performed, pursuant to contracts with research institutions and clinical research organizations that conduct and manage preclinical studies and clinical trials on its behalf. In accruing service fees, the Company estimates the time period over which services will be performed and the level of effort to be expended in each period. If the actual timing of the performance of services or the level of effort varies from the estimate, the Company will adjust the accrual accordingly. Payments made to third parties under these arrangements in advance of the receipt of the related services are recorded as prepaid expenses until the services are rendered.

  

Stock-based compensation

Stock-Based Compensation

 

Share-based compensation expense for all share-based payment awards made to employees, directors and non-employees is measured based on the grant-date fair value of the award. Share-based compensation expense for awards granted to non-employees is determined using the fair value of the consideration received or the fair value of the equity instruments issued, whichever is more reliably measured.

 

The Company uses the Black-Scholes option pricing model to determine the fair value of options granted. The Company recognizes the compensation cost of share-based awards on a straight-line basis over the requisite service period. For stock awards for which vesting is subject to performance – based milestones, the expense is recorded over the implied service period after the point when the achievement of the milestone is probable, or the performance condition has been achieved.

 

The determination of the fair value of share-based payment awards utilizing the Black-Scholes model is affected by the stock price and a number of assumptions, including expected volatility, expected life, risk-free interest rate and expected dividends. The Company does not have a history of market prices of its common stock, and as such, volatility is estimated using historical volatilities of similar public entities. The expected life of the awards is estimated based on the simplified method for grants to employees and is based on the contractual term for non-employee awards. The risk-free interest rate assumption is based on observed interest rates appropriate for the terms of the awards. The dividend yield assumption is based on history and expectation of paying no dividends.

 

The Company recognizes forfeitures related to employee share-based payments when they occur. Forfeited share-based awards are recorded as a reduction to stock compensation expense.

 

Segment Reporting

Segment Reporting

 

Management has determined that the Company has one operating segment, which is consistent with the Company structure and how it manages the business.

 

Income Taxes

Income Taxes

 

The Company follows accounting guidance regarding the recognition, measurement, presentation and disclosure of uncertain tax positions in the consolidated financial statements. Tax positions taken or expected to be taken in the course of preparing the Company’s tax returns are required to be evaluated to determine whether the tax positions are “more-likely-than-not” of being sustained by the applicable tax authorities. Tax positions not deemed to meet a more-likely-than-not threshold would be recorded in the consolidated financial statements. There are no uncertain tax positions that require accrual or disclosure as of December 31, 2022. Any interest or penalties are charged to expense. During the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021, the Company had no significant interest and penalties. Tax years subsequent to December 31, 2018 are subject to examination by federal and state authorities.

 

The Company recognizes deferred tax assets and liabilities based on the impact of temporary differences between assets and liabilities recognized for tax and financial reporting purposes measured by applying enacted tax rates and laws that will be in effect when the differences are expected to reverse, net operating loss carryforwards and tax credits. Valuation allowances are provided when necessary to reduce net deferred tax assets to an amount that is more likely than not to be realized. The deferred tax benefit or expense for the period represents the change in the deferred tax asset or liability from the beginning to the end of the period.

 

Net Loss per Share

Net Loss per Share

 

Basic net loss per share is computed by dividing the net loss by the weighted-average number of shares of common stock outstanding for the period, without consideration for potentially dilutive securities. Diluted net loss per share is computed by dividing the net loss by the weighted average number of shares of common stock and dilutive common stock equivalents outstanding for the period determined using the treasury stock and if-converted methods. Dilutive common stock equivalents are comprised of convertible preferred stock, convertible notes, options outstanding under the Company’s stock option plan and warrants. For all periods presented, there is no difference in the number of shares used to calculate basic and diluted shares outstanding as inclusion of the potentially dilutive securities would be antidilutive.

 

Potentially dilutive securities not included in the calculation of diluted net loss per share because to do so would be anti-dilutive are as follows (in common stock equivalent shares):

 

   December 31 
   2022   2021 
Options to purchase common stock   719,835    503,433 
Warrants for common stock   811,882    811,882 
Class A Warrants for common stock   2,484,000    2,484,000 
Class B Warrants for common stock   75,400    115,500 

 

Recently Adopted Accounting Standards

Recently Adopted Accounting Standards

 

In February 2016, the FASB issued Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) 2016-02, Leases. The new guidance requires the recognition of lease liabilities, representing future minimum lease payments, on a discounted basis, and corresponding right-of-use assets on a balance sheet for most leases, along with requirements for enhanced disclosures to give financial statement users the ability to assess the amount, timing, and uncertainty of cash flows arising from leasing arrangements. The Company adopted the provisions of ASU 2016-02 on January 1, 2022 and elected to implement the transition package of practical expedients permitted within the new standard, which included (i) not reassessing whether expired or existing contract contain leases, (ii) not reassessing lease classification, and (iii) not revaluing initial direct costs for existing leases. Adoption of the new standard resulted in the recording of initial right-of-use assets and lease liabilities of approximately $200,000 as of January 1, 2022. The new standard did not materially impact the Company’s consolidated statements of operations or cash flows.

 

In May 2021, the FASB issued ASU 2021-04 Earnings Per Share (Topic 260), Debt—Modifications and Extinguishments (Subtopic 470-50), Compensation—Stock Compensation (Topic 718), and Derivatives and Hedging—Contracts in Entity’s Own Equity (Subtopic 815-40): Issuer’s Accounting for Certain Modifications or Exchanges of Freestanding Equity-Classified Written Call Options (a consensus of the FASB Emerging Issues Task Force). The amendments in this update are effective for all entities for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2021, including interim periods within those fiscal years. Early application is permitted, including in an interim period as of the beginning of the fiscal year that includes that interim period. The adoption date of this ASU did not have a material impact on the Company’s financial position and results of operations.

 

Recently Issued Accounting Standards

Recently Issued Accounting Standards

 

In October 2021, the FASB issued ASU No. 2021-08, Business Combinations (Topic 805): Accounting for Contract Assets and Contract Liabilities from Contracts with Customers (“ASU 805”), an amendment of the ASC. The amendments to ASU 805 address diversity and inconsistency related to the recognition and measurement of contract assets and contract liabilities acquired in a business combination and require that an acquirer recognize and measure contract assets and contract liabilities acquired in accordance with ASC 2014-09, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606) (“ASC 606”). Under GAAP, an acquirer generally recognizes assets and liabilities assumed in a business combination, including contract assets and liabilities arising from revenue contracts with customers, at fair value on the acquisition date. ASU No. 2021-08 will result in the acquirer recording acquired contract assets and liabilities on the same basis that would have been recorded by the acquiree before the acquisition under ASC 606. This ASU is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2022, with early adoption permitted, including adoption in an interim period. The Company is currently evaluating the effect that this standard may have on its financial position and related disclosures.