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Note 4 - Income Taxes | 12 Months Ended
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Dec. 31, 2017
Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract] |
Income Taxes | Deferred Taxes Deferred taxes reflect the net tax effects of temporary differences between the carrying amounts of assets and liabilities for financial reporting purposes and the amounts used for income tax purposes, and operating losses and tax credit carryforwards. The significant components of net deferred income tax assets for the Company are:
|  | December 31,
|  | 2017 |  | 2016
Deferred tax assets: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Federal net operating loss carryforward |  | $ | 15,949,000 |  |  | $ | 19,819,000 |
Other |  |  | — |  |  |  | 1,634,000 |
Patent amortization |  |  | (6,000 | ) |  |  | (11,000 | )
Deferred tax assets before valuation |  |  | 15,943,000 |  |  |  | 21,422,000 |
Valuation allowance |  |  | (15,943,000 | ) |  |  | (21,422,000 | )
Net deferred income tax assets |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |
Generally accepted accounting principles requires that the tax benefit of net operating losses, temporary differences and credit carryforwards be recorded as an asset to the extent that management assesses that realization is “more likely than not.” Realization of the future tax benefits is dependent on the Company's ability to generate sufficient taxable income within the carryforward period. Because of the Company's history of operating losses, management has provided a valuation allowance equal to its net deferred tax assets. The valuation allowance decreased by $5,499,000 during the year ended December 31, 2017, which includes a decrease due to a change in rates resulting from the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act totaling $6,908,000. Tax Carryforward At December 31, 2017, the Company had net operating loss carryforwards of approximately $53,165,000 to reduce United States federal taxable income in future years. These carryforwards expire from 2018 through 2037. The Company is no longer subject to U.S. and state tax examinations for years ending before the fiscal year ended December 31, 2013. Management does not believe there will be any material changes in our unrecognized tax positions over the next twelve months. The Company's policy is to recognize interest and penalties accrued on any unrecognized tax benefits as a component of income tax expense. There was no accrued interest or penalties associated with any unrecognized tax benefits, nor was any interest expense recognized during the years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016.

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- Definition The entire disclosure for income taxes. Disclosures may include net deferred tax liability or asset recognized in an enterprise's statement of financial position, net change during the year in the total valuation allowance, approximate tax effect of each type of temporary difference and carryforward that gives rise to a significant portion of deferred tax liabilities and deferred tax assets, utilization of a tax carryback, and tax uncertainties information. + References Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 740 -URI http://asc.fasb.org/topic&trid=2144680 + Details
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