10-K 1 chscp10k83118.htm 10-K
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UNITED STATES SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549
________________________________________
Form 10-K
________________________________________

þ |  | ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
|  | For the fiscal year ended | August 31, 2018
or
o |  | TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
|  | For the transition period from to .

Commission file number: 001-36079
________________________________________
CHS Inc.
(Exact name of Registrant as specified in its charter)

Minnesota (State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization) |  | 41-0251095 (I.R.S. Employer Identification Number)
5500 Cenex Drive |  |
Inver Grove Heights, Minnesota 55077 (Address of principal executive office, including zip code) |  | (651) 355-6000 (Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)

________________________________________
SECURITIES REGISTERED PURSUANT TO SECTION 12(b) OF THE ACT:

8% Cumulative Redeemable Preferred Stock |  | The Nasdaq Stock Market LLC
Class B Cumulative Redeemable Preferred Stock, Series 1 |  | The Nasdaq Stock Market LLC
Class B Reset Rate Cumulative Redeemable Preferred Stock, Series 2 |  | The Nasdaq Stock Market LLC
Class B Reset Rate Cumulative Redeemable Preferred Stock, Series 3 |  | The Nasdaq Stock Market LLC
Class B Cumulative Redeemable Preferred Stock, Series 4 |  | The Nasdaq Stock Market LLC
(Title of Each Class) |  | (Name of Each Exchange on Which Registered)

________________________________________
SECURITIES REGISTERED PURSUANT TO SECTION 12(g) OF THE ACT: NONE
Indicate by check mark if the Registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act.
YES o NO þ
Indicate by check mark if the Registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or Section 15(d) of the Act.
YES o NO þ
Indicate by check mark whether the Registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.
YES þ NO o
Indicate by check mark whether the Registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the Registrant was required to submit such files).
YES þ NO o
Indicate by check mark if disclosure of delinquent filers pursuant to Item 405 of Regulation S-K (§229.405) is not contained herein, and will not be contained, to the best of the Registrant’s knowledge, in definitive proxy or information statements incorporated by reference in Part III of this Form 10-K or any amendment to this Form 10-K: þ
Indicate by check mark whether the Registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and "emerging growth company" in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

Large accelerated filer o | Accelerated filer o | Non-accelerated filer þ | Smaller reporting company o | Emerging growth company o

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the Registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. o
Indicate by check mark whether the Registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Act).
YES o NO þ
State the aggregate market value of the voting and non-voting common equity held by non-affiliates computed by reference to the price at which the common equity was last sold, or the average bid and asked price of such common equity, as of the last business day of the Registrant’s most recently completed second fiscal quarter:
The Registrant has no voting or non-voting common equity (the Registrant is a member cooperative).
Indicate the number of shares outstanding of each of the Registrant’s classes of common stock, as of the latest practicable date:
The Registrant has no common stock outstanding.
DOCUMENTS INCORPORATED BY REFERENCE
None.

INDEX

|  | Page No.
Explanatory Note |
PART I.
Item 1. | Business | 1
Item 1A. | Risk Factors | 8
Item 1B. | Unresolved Staff Comments | 18
Item 2. | Properties | 19
Item 3. | Legal Proceedings | 20
Item 4. | Mine Safety Disclosures | 20
PART II.
Item 5. | Market for Registrant’s Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities | 21
Item 6. | Selected Financial Data | 22
Item 7. | Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations | 28
Item 7A. | Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk | 51
Item 8. | Financial Statements and Supplementary Data | 53
Item 9. | Changes in and Disagreements with Accountants on Accounting and Financial Disclosure | 53
Item 9A. | Controls and Procedures | 54
Item 9B. | Other Information | 56
PART III.
Item 10. | Directors, Executive Officers and Corporate Governance | 57
Item 11. | Executive Compensation | 63
Item 12. | Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management and Related Stockholder Matters | 87
Item 13. | Certain Relationships and Related Transactions, and Director Independence | 88
Item 14. | Principal Accounting Fees and Services | 89
PART IV.
Item 15. | Exhibits and Financial Statement Schedules | 91
Item 16. | Form 10-K Summary | 97
SIGNATURES | 98

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EXPLANATORY NOTE
General
On October 22, 2018, the Audit Committee of the Board of Directors (the “Audit Committee”) of CHS Inc. (the “Company”, "we", "us" or "our"), after considering the recommendations of management, concluded that our audited consolidated financial statements for the fiscal years ended August 31, 2017, 2016, and 2015, included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended August 31, 2017 (the “2017 Annual Report”), and our unaudited consolidated financial statements for the quarterly periods ended November 30, 2017 and 2016, February 28, 2018 and 2017, and May 31, 2018 and 2017, included in our Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q for the quarterly periods ended November 30, 2017, February 28, 2018, and May 31, 2018 (the "2018 Quarterly Reports”), should no longer be relied upon due to misstatements that are described in greater detail below, and that we would restate such financial statements to make the necessary accounting corrections.
The Restatement
This Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended August 31, 2018, includes audited consolidated financial statements for the years ended August 31, 2018, 2017, and 2016, as well as relevant unaudited interim financial information for the quarterly periods ended November 30, 2017 and 2016, February 28, 2018 and 2017, May 31, 2018 and 2017, and August 31, 2018 and 2017. The consolidated financial statements for the years ended August 31, 2017 and 2016, selected financial data (Item 6. "Selected Financial Data") for the years ended August 31, 2015 and 2014, and relevant unaudited interim financial information for the quarterly periods ended November 30, 2017 and 2016, February 28, 2018 and 2017, May 31, 2018 and 2017, and August 31, 2017, included within this Annual Report on Form 10-K have been restated.
Restatement Background
As described in the Company's Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission ("SEC") on October 26, 2018, management of the Company noted potentially excessive valuations in the net derivative asset valuations relating to certain rail freight contracts purchased in connection with our North American grain marketing operations during the preparation of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended August 31, 2018. Following our identification of these potentially excessive valuations, the Company engaged external counsel, which engaged forensic accountants to work with management of the Company under the oversight of the Audit Committee to conduct an investigation.
The investigation concluded that the misstatements in our consolidated financial statements included in the 2017 Annual Report and 2018 Quarterly Reports were due to intentional misconduct by a former employee in our rail freight trading operations, as well as due to freight contracts not meeting the technical accounting requirements to qualify as derivative financial instruments. The misconduct consisted of the former employee manipulating the mark-to-market valuation of rail cars that were the subject of rail freight purchase contracts and manipulating the quantity of rail cars included in the monthly mark-to-market valuation. In addition, the investigation revealed intentional misstatements were made by the former employee to our independent registered public accounting firm in connection with its audit of our consolidated financial statements for the fiscal year ended August 31, 2017. During the course of, and as a result of, the investigation, we terminated the former employee and have taken additional personnel actions.
Based on the findings described above, we performed additional reviews and analysis, re-performed certain accounting procedures, reviewed our accounting policies and restated certain accounting records for fiscal 2018 and prior periods. The Audit Committee, management and the Company's legal counsel reported the findings of the investigation to our Board of Directors and to our independent registered public accounting firm, and have discussed the evidence uncovered and conclusions reached in the investigation with the Staff of the Division of Enforcement of the SEC.
As a result of the work performed in relation to the freight misstatement, additional misstatements related to the elimination of intercompany balances were also identified and corrected. Although these intercompany misstatements resulted in a material misstatement of certain financial statement line items, the intercompany misstatements did not result in a material misstatement of income (loss) before income taxes or net income (loss).
Restatement of Previously Reported Consolidated Financial Information
This Annual Report on Form 10-K restates amounts included in the 2017 Annual Report described above, including the audited consolidated financial statements for the years ended August 31, 2017 and 2016. Selected financial information for fiscal years ended August 31, 2015 and 2014, and relevant unaudited interim financial information for the quarterly periods ended November 30, 2017 and 2016, February 28, 2018 and 2017, May 31, 2018 and 2017, and August 31, 2017, have also

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been restated. In addition to the misstatements related to the freight contracts and intercompany eliminations, we made adjustments related to other previously identified misstatements unrelated to the freight derivatives and related misstatements that were not material, individually or in the aggregate, to our consolidated financial statements. These other misstatements relate primarily to certain misclassifications, adjustments to revenues and cost of goods sold, and adjustments to various income tax and indirect tax accounts. The following tables present the summary impacts of the restatement adjustments on our previously reported consolidated capital reserves and total equities at August 31, 2015, and income (loss) before income taxes and net income (loss) for the years ended August 31, 2017 and 2016:

| August 31, 2015
| Capital Reserves |  | Total Equities
| (Dollars in thousands)
As previously reported | $ | 1,604,670 |  |  | $ | 7,669,411 |
Cumulative restatement adjustments | (119,237 | ) |  | (117,972 | )
As restated | $ | 1,485,433 |  |  | $ | 7,551,439 |

| For the Years Ended August 31,
| 2017 |  | 2016
| (Dollars in thousands)
Income (loss) before income taxes - As previously reported | $ | (54,852 | ) |  | $ | 419,878 |
Restatement adjustments | (55,314 | ) |  | (17,753 | )
Income (loss) before income taxes - As restated | $ | (110,166 | ) |  | $ | 402,125 |
Net income (loss) - As previously reported | $ | 127,223 |  |  | $ | 423,969 |
Restatement adjustments | (56,265 | ) |  | (40,943 | )
Net income (loss) - As restated | $ | 70,958 |  |  | $ | 383,026 |

For more information regarding the restatement and its impact on our consolidated financial statements, refer to the "Selected Financial Data" and "Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations" sections included within Item 6 and Item 7, respectively, of this Annual Report on Form 10-K and Note 2, Restatement of Previously Issued Consolidated Financial Statements and Note 18, Quarterly Financial Information (Unaudited) of the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements included within this Annual Report on Form 10-K.
Compensation Recovery
In connection with the restatement, Mr. Debertin and certain of our other named executive officers and other current senior executives, voluntarily asked our Board of Directors to reduce their award under our fiscal 2018 annual variable pay plan by an amount equal to the incentive compensation received by each such current senior executive under certain incentive compensation plans with respect to prior fiscal years that was in excess of what would have been earned by such current senior executive after taking into account the restatement of our consolidated financial statements. Our Board of Directors accepted such requests and reduced each affected executive’s earned annual variable pay for fiscal 2018 by the amount of that excess. Additionally, each of our current directors who was serving as a director in fiscal 2016 voluntarily returned an amount previously credited to such director’s retirement plan account under our deferred compensation plan in that fiscal year, equal to the excess of what would have been credited to such director’s account after taking into account the restatement of our consolidated financial statements. For more information regarding these compensation recovery actions and recovery actions regarding former executives and directors, refer to the “Annual Variable Pay”, “Compensation Recovery” and “Director Compensation” subsections included in Item 11 of this Annual Report on Form 10-K.
Control Considerations
In connection with the restatement, management has assessed the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures and has included applicable disclosure in Item 9A of this Annual Report on Form 10-K, "Controls and Procedures." Management identified material weaknesses in our internal control over financial reporting as described under "Management's Report on Internal Control over Financial Reporting" in Item 9A of this Form 10-K, resulting in the conclusion by our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer that our disclosure controls and procedures and internal control over financial

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reporting were not effective at a reasonable assurance level as of August 31, 2018. Management has taken and is taking additional steps, as described under "Remediation Plan and Status" in Item 9A of this Annual Report on Form 10-K, to remediate the material weaknesses in our internal control over financial reporting.

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PART I.
ITEM 1. BUSINESS
THE COMPANY
CHS Inc. (referred to herein as “CHS,” “we” or “us”) is the nation’s leading integrated agricultural cooperative, providing grain, foods and energy resources to businesses and consumers on a global basis. As a cooperative, we are owned by farmers and ranchers and their member cooperatives (referred to herein as “members”) across the United States. We also have preferred shareholders that own shares of our five series of preferred stock, which are each listed and traded on the Nasdaq Global Select Market. We buy commodities from and provide products and services to individual agricultural producers, local cooperatives and other companies (including our members and other non-member customers), both domestically and internationally. We provide a wide variety of products and services, ranging from initial agricultural inputs such as fuels, farm supplies, crop nutrients and crop protection products, to agricultural outputs that include grains and oilseeds, grain and oilseed processing, renewable fuels and food products. A portion of our operations are conducted through equity investments and joint ventures whose operating results are not fully consolidated with our results; rather, a proportionate share of the income or loss from those equity investments and joint ventures is included as a component of our net income using the equity method of accounting. For the year ended August 31, 2018, our total revenues were $32.7 billion and net income attributable to CHS Inc. was $775.9 million.
We have aligned our segments based on an assessment of how our businesses operate and the products and services they sell. Our Energy segment derives its revenues through refining, wholesaling and retailing of petroleum products. Our Ag segment derives its revenues through the origination and marketing of grain, including: service activities conducted at export terminals; through wholesale sales of crop nutrients; from sales of soybean meal, soybean refined oil and soyflour products; through the production and marketing of renewable fuels; and through retail sales of petroleum and agronomy products, processed sunflowers, feed and farm supplies. Our Ag segment also records equity income from our grain export joint venture and other investments. Our Nitrogen Production segment consists solely of our equity method investment in CF Industries Nitrogen, LLC (“CF Nitrogen”). Our other business operations, primarily our financing and hedging businesses, are included in Corporate and Other because of the nature of their products and services, as well as the relative amount of revenues for those businesses. Prior to its sale on May 4, 2018, our insurance business was also included in Corporate and Other. In addition, our non-consolidated wheat milling and food production and distribution joint ventures are included in Corporate and Other.
Our earnings from cooperative business are allocated to members (and to a limited extent, to non-members with which we have agreed to do business on a patronage basis) based on the volume of business they do with us. We allocate these earnings to our patrons in the form of patronage refunds (which are also called patronage dividends), which may be in cash, patrons’ equities (in the form of capital equity certificates), or both. Patrons' equities may be redeemed over time solely at the discretion of our Board of Directors. Earnings derived from non-members, which are not treated as patronage, are taxed at federal and state statutory corporate rates and are retained by us as unallocated capital reserves. We also receive patronage refunds from the cooperatives in which we are a member, if those cooperatives have earnings to distribute and if we qualify for patronage refunds from them.
Our origins date back to the early 1930s with the founding of our predecessor companies, Cenex, Inc. and Harvest States Cooperatives. CHS Inc. emerged as the result of the merger of those two entities in 1998, and is headquartered in Inver Grove Heights, Minnesota.
Our internet address is www.chsinc.com. The information contained on our website is not part of, and is not incorporated in, this Annual Report on Form 10-K or any other report we file with or furnish to the SEC.
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ENERGY
Overview
We are the nation’s largest cooperative energy company based on revenues and identifiable assets, with operations that include: petroleum refining and pipelines; the supply, marketing and distribution of refined fuels (gasoline, diesel fuel and other energy products); the blending, sale and distribution of lubricants; and the wholesale supply of propane and other natural gas liquids. Our Energy segment processes crude oil into refined petroleum products at our refineries in Laurel, Montana and McPherson, Kansas and sells those products under the Cenex® brand to member cooperatives and other independent retailers through a network of nearly 1,500 sites, the majority of which are convenience stores marketing Cenex® branded fuels. For fiscal 2018, our Energy revenues, after elimination of intersegment revenues, were $7.6 billion and were primarily from gasoline and diesel fuel.
Operations
Laurel Refinery. Our Laurel, Montana refinery processes medium and high sulfur crude oil into refined petroleum products that primarily include gasoline, diesel fuel, petroleum coke and asphalt. Our Laurel, Montana refinery sources approximately 93% of its crude oil supply from Canada, with the remaining balance obtained from domestic sources, and we have access to Canadian and northwest Montana crude oil through our wholly-owned Front Range Pipeline, LLC and other common carrier pipelines. Our Laurel, Montana refinery also has access to Wyoming crude oil via common carrier pipelines from the south.
Our Laurel, Montana facility processes approximately 59,000 barrels of crude oil per day to produce refined products that consist of approximately 43% gasoline, 41% diesel fuel and other distillates, 8% asphalt, 7% petroleum coke and 1% other products. Refined fuels produced at our Laurel, Montana refinery are available: via rail cars and via the Yellowstone Pipeline to western Montana terminals and to Spokane, Washington; south via common carrier pipelines to Wyoming terminals and Denver, Colorado; and east via our wholly-owned Cenex Pipeline, LLC to Glendive, Montana and Minot, Prosper, and Fargo, North Dakota.
McPherson Refinery. Our McPherson, Kansas refinery processes approximately 59% low and medium sulfur crude oil and approximately 41% heavy sulfur crude oil into gasoline, diesel fuel and other distillates, propane and other products. The refinery sources its crude oil through its own pipelines as well as common carrier pipelines. The low and medium sulfur crude oil is sourced from Kansas, Colorado, North Dakota, Oklahoma and Texas, and the heavy sulfur crude oil is sourced from Canada and Wyoming.
Our McPherson, Kansas refinery processes approximately 100,000 barrels of crude oil per day to produce refined products that consist of approximately 56% gasoline, 38% diesel fuel and other distillates, 2% propane and 4% other products. These products are either loaded into trucks at the McPherson, Kansas refinery or shipped via common carrier pipelines to other markets.
Other Energy Operations. We own six propane terminals, four asphalt terminals, seven refined product terminals and three lubricants blending and packaging facilities. We also own and lease a fleet of liquid and pressure trailers and tractors, which are used to transport refined fuels, propane, anhydrous ammonia and other products.
Products and Services
Our Energy segment produces and sells (primarily wholesale) gasoline, diesel fuel, propane, asphalt, lubricants and other related products and also provides transportation services. In addition to selling the products refined at our Laurel, Montana, and McPherson, Kansas refineries, we purchase refined petroleum products from third parties. For fiscal 2018, we obtained approximately 70% of the refined petroleum products we sold from our Laurel, Montana and McPherson, Kansas refineries, and approximately 30% from third parties.
Sales and Marketing; Customers
We market approximately 80% of our refined fuel products to members, with the balance sold to non-members. Sales are made wholesale to member cooperatives and through a network of independent retailers that operate convenience stores under the Cenex® trade name. We sold approximately 1.5 billion gallons of gasoline and approximately 1.7 billion gallons of diesel fuel in fiscal 2018. We also blend, package and wholesale auto and farm machinery lubricants to both members and non-
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members. We are one of the nation’s largest propane wholesalers based on revenues. Most of the propane sold in rural areas is for heating and agricultural usage. Annual sales volumes of propane vary greatly depending on weather patterns and crop conditions.
Industry; Competition
The petroleum business is highly cyclical. Demand for crude oil and energy products is driven by the condition of local and worldwide economies, local and regional weather patterns and taxation relative to other energy sources, which can significantly affect the price of refined fuel products. Our Energy segment generally experiences higher volumes and profitability in certain operating areas, such as refined products, in the summer and early fall when gasoline and diesel fuel usage by our agricultural customers is highest and is subject to domestic supply and demand forces. Other energy products, such as propane, may experience higher volumes and profitability during the winter heating and crop drying seasons. More fuel-efficient equipment, reduced crop tillage, depressed prices for crops, weather conditions and government programs which encourage idle acres may all reduce demand for our energy products.
Regulation. Governmental regulations and policies, particularly in the areas of taxation, energy and the environment, have a significant impact on our Energy segment. Our Energy segment’s operations are subject to laws and related regulations and rules designed to protect the environment that are administered by the Environmental Protection Agency (the “EPA”), the Department of Transportation (the “DOT”) and similar government agencies. These laws, regulations and rules govern: the discharge of materials into the environment, air and water; reporting storage of hazardous wastes and other hazardous materials; the transportation, handling and disposal of wastes and other materials; the labeling of pesticides and similar substances; and investigation and remediation of releases of hazardous materials. Failure to comply with these laws, regulations and rules could subject us to administrative penalties, injunctive relief, civil remedies and possible recalls of products. Our hedging transactions and activities are subject to the rules and regulations of the exchanges we use, including the Chicago Mercantile Exchange (the “CME”), as well as the U.S. Commodity Futures Trading Commission (the “CFTC”).
Competition. The petroleum refining and wholesale fuels business is very competitive. Among our competitors are some of the world’s largest integrated petroleum companies, which have their own crude oil supplies, distribution and marketing systems. We also compete with smaller domestic refiners and marketers in the midwestern and northwestern United States, with foreign refiners who import products into the United States and with producers and marketers in other industries supplying other forms of energy and fuels to consumers. Given the commodity nature of the end products, profitability in the industry depends largely on margins, as well as operating efficiency, product mix and costs of product distribution and transportation. The retail gasoline market is highly competitive, with competitors that are much larger than us and that have greater brand recognition and distribution outlets throughout the country and the world than we do. We are also experiencing increased competition from regional and unbranded retailers. Our owned and non-owned retail outlets are located primarily in the northwestern, midwestern and southern United States.
We market refined fuel products in five principal geographic areas. The first area includes the Midwest and northern plains. Competition at the wholesale level in this area includes major oil companies as well as independent refiners and wholesale brokers/suppliers. This area has a robust spot market and is influenced by the large refinery center along the gulf coast.
To the east of the Midwest and northern plains is another unique marketing area. This area centers near Chicago, Illinois and includes eastern Wisconsin, Illinois and Indiana. In this area, we principally compete with the major oil companies as well as independent refineries and wholesale brokers/suppliers.
Another market area includes Arkansas, Missouri and the northern part of Texas. Competition in this area includes the major oil companies and independent refiners. This area is principally supplied from the Gulf Coast refinery center and is also driven by a strong spot market that reacts quickly to changes in the international and national supply balance.
Another geographic area includes Montana, western North Dakota, Wyoming, Utah, Idaho, Colorado and western South Dakota. Competition at the wholesale level in this area includes the major oil companies and independent refineries.
The last area includes much of Washington and Oregon. We compete with the major oil companies in this area. This area is known for volatile prices and an active spot market.
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AG
Overview
Our Ag segment includes our grain marketing, country operations, crop nutrients, processing and food ingredients and renewable fuels businesses. These businesses work together to facilitate the production, purchase, sale and eventual use of grain and other agricultural products within the United States, as well as internationally. In fiscal 2018, revenues in our Ag segment were $25.1 billion after elimination of intersegment revenues, consisting principally of grain sales.
Operations
Grain Marketing. We are the nation’s largest cooperative marketer of grain and oilseed based on grain storage capacity and grain sales. Our grain marketing operations purchase grain directly from agricultural producers and elevator operators primarily in the midwestern and western United States and indirectly through our country operations business. The purchased grain is typically contracted for sale for future delivery at a specified location, and we are responsible for handling the grain and either arranging for or facilitation of its transportation to that location. We own and operate export terminals, river terminals and elevators throughout the United States to handle and transport grain and grain products. We also maintain locations in Europe, the Middle East, the Pacific Rim and South America for the marketing, merchandising and sourcing of grains and crop nutrients. We primarily conduct our grain marketing operations directly, but do conduct some of our operations through joint ventures, including TEMCO, LLC ("TEMCO"), a 50% joint venture with Cargill, Incorporated ("Cargill") focused on exports primarily to Asia.
Country Operations. Our country operations business operates 466 agri-operations locations through 44 business units dispersed throughout the midwestern and western United States. Most of these locations purchase grain from farmers and sell agronomy, energy, feed and seed products to those same producers and others, although not all locations provide every product and service. We also manufacture animal feed through eight owned plants and four limited liability companies and process sunflowers for human food and other uses.
Crop Nutrients. Our wholesale crop nutrients business delivers products directly to our customers and our country operations business from the manufacturer or through our 18 inland and river warehouse terminals and other non-owned storage facilities located throughout the United States. To supplement what is purchased domestically, our Galveston, Texas deep water port and terminal receives fertilizer by vessel from origins such as Asia and the Caribbean basin where significant volumes of urea are produced. The fertilizer is then shipped by rail to destinations within crop producing regions of the United States.
Processing and Food Ingredients. Our processing and food ingredients operations are conducted at facilities that can crush approximately 120 million bushels of oilseeds on an annual basis, producing approximately 2.7 million short tons of meal/flour and 1.5 billion pounds of edible oil annually. We purchase our oilseeds from members, other CHS businesses and third parties that have tightly integrated connections with our grain marketing operations and country operations business.
Renewable Fuels. Our renewable fuels business produces 265 million gallons of fuel grade ethanol and 685 thousand tons of dried distillers grains with solubles (“DDGS”) annually. We also market over 590 million gallons of ethanol and 4.5 million tons of DDGS annually under marketing agreements for other production plants.
Products and Services
Our Ag segment provides local cooperatives and farmers with the inputs and services they need to produce grain and raise livestock. These include seed, crop nutrients, crop protection products, animal feed, animal health products, refined fuels and propane. We also buy and merchandise grain in both domestic and international markets. With a portion of the grain we purchase we produce renewable fuels, including ethanol and DDGS. We also produce refined oils, meal and soyflour at our processing facilities.
Sales and Marketing; Customers
Our Ag segment provides products and services to a wide range of customers, primarily in the United States. These customers include member and non-member producers, local cooperatives, elevators, grain dealers, grain processors and crop nutrient retailers. We sell our edible oils and soyflour to food companies. The meal we produce is sold to integrated livestock producers and feed mills. The ethanol and DDGS we produce are sold throughout the United States and to various international locations.
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Industry; Competition
Many of the business activities in our Ag segment are highly seasonal and, consequently, the operating results for our Ag segment will typically vary throughout the year. For example, our country operations and crop nutrients businesses generally experience higher volumes and income during the spring planting season and in the fall, which corresponds to harvest. In addition, our Ag segment operations may be adversely affected by relative levels of supply and demand, both domestic and international, commodity price levels and transportation costs and conditions. Supply is affected by weather conditions, disease, insect damage, acreage planted and government regulations and policies. Demand may be affected by foreign governments and their programs, relationships of foreign countries with the United States, the affluence of foreign countries, acts of war, currency exchange fluctuations and substitution of commodities. Demand may also be affected by changes in eating habits, population growth, the level of per capita consumption of some products and the level of renewable fuels production.
Regulation. Our Ag operations are subject to laws and related regulations and rules designed to protect the environment that are administered by the EPA, the DOT and similar government agencies. These laws, regulations and rules govern: the discharge of materials into the environment, air and water; reporting storage of hazardous wastes and other hazardous materials; the transportation, handling and disposal of wastes and other materials; the labeling of pesticides and similar substances; and the investigation and remediation of releases of hazardous materials. In addition, environmental laws impose a liability on owners and operators for investigation and remediation of contaminated property, and a party who sends hazardous materials to those contaminated properties for treatment, storage, disposal or recycling. In some instances, that liability exists regardless of fault. Our grain marketing operations, country operations business, processing and food ingredient operations and renewable fuel operations are also subject to laws and related regulations and rules administered by the United States Department of Agriculture (the ”USDA”), the United States Food and Drug Administration (the “FDA”) and other federal, state, local and foreign governmental agencies that govern the processing, packaging, storage, distribution, advertising, labeling, quality and safety of feed and grain products. Failure to comply with these laws, regulations and rules could subject us to administrative penalties, injunctive relief, civil remedies and possible recalls of products. The hedging transactions and activities of our grain marketing, country operations, processing and food ingredient and renewable fuels businesses are subject to the rules and regulations of the exchanges we use, including the CME, as well as the CFTC.
Competition. In our Ag segment, we have significant competition in the businesses in which we operate based principally on price, services, quality, patronage and alternative products. Our businesses are dependent upon relationships with local cooperatives and private retailers, proximity to the customers and producers and competitive pricing. We compete with other large distributors of agricultural products, as well as other regional or local distributors, local cooperatives, retailers and manufacturers.
NITROGEN PRODUCTION
Overview
Our Nitrogen Production segment consists solely of our approximate 10% membership interest (based on product tons) in CF Nitrogen, our strategic venture with CF Industries Holdings, Inc. ("CF Industries"). In February 2016, in connection with our investment in CF Nitrogen, we entered into an 80-year supply agreement with CF Nitrogen that entitles us to purchase up to 1.1 million tons of granular urea and 580,000 tons of urea ammonium nitrate (“UAN”) annually for ratable delivery. We account for our CF Nitrogen investment using the hypothetical liquidation at book value method, and on August 31, 2018, our investment was approximately $2.7 billion.
Our investment in CF Nitrogen positions us and our members for long-term dependable fertilizer supply, supply chain efficiency and production economics. In addition, the ability to source product from CF Nitrogen production facilities under our supply agreement benefits our members and customers through strategically positioned access to essential fertilizer products.
Operations
CF Nitrogen has four production facilities located in: Donaldsonville, Louisiana; Port Neal, Iowa; Yazoo City, Mississippi; and Woodward, Oklahoma. Natural gas is the principal raw material and primary fuel source used in the ammonia production process. CF Nitrogen has access to competitively-priced natural gas through a reliable network of pipelines that are connected to major natural gas trading hubs near its production facilities.
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Products and Services
CF Nitrogen produces nitrogen-based products including, methanol, UAN and urea and related products.
Sales and Marketing; Customers
CF Nitrogen has three customers including CHS and two consolidated subsidiaries of CF Industries.
Industry; Competition
Regulation. CF Nitrogen is subject to laws and related regulations and rules designed to protect the environment that are administered by the EPA and similar government agencies. These laws, regulations and rules govern: the discharge of materials into the environment, air and water; reporting storage of hazardous wastes and other hazardous materials; the handling and disposal of wastes and other materials; and the investigation and remediation of releases of hazardous materials. In addition, environmental laws impose a liability on owners and operators for investigation and remediation of contaminated property, and a party who sends hazardous materials to those contaminated properties for treatment, storage, disposal or recycling. In some instances, that liability exists regardless of fault.
Competition. CF Nitrogen competes primarily on delivered price and, to a lesser extent, on customer service and product quality. CF Nitrogen competes domestically with a variety of large companies in the fertilizer industry. There is also significant competition from products sourced from other regions of the world.
CORPORATE AND OTHER
CHS Capital. Our wholly-owned finance company subsidiary, CHS Capital, LLC (“CHS Capital”), provides cooperative associations with a variety of loans that meet commercial agriculture needs. These loans include operating, term, revolving and other short and long-term options. CHS Capital also provides loans to individual producers for crop inputs, feed, and margin calls. Specific to producer financing, during the third quarter of fiscal 2017 it was determined CHS Capital would no longer make new term loans to producers. However, producer term loans written prior to this decision may still be outstanding. Subsequently, it was also determined CHS Capital would change its offerings on producer operating loans to be marketed only in strategic geographic regions.
CHS Hedging. Our wholly-owned commodity brokerage subsidiary, CHS Hedging, LLC (“CHS Hedging”), is a registered Futures Commission Merchant and a clearing member of both the Chicago Board of Trade and the Minneapolis Grain Exchange. CHS Hedging provides limited consulting services and commodity risk management services primarily to agricultural producers and commercial agribusinesses in the areas of agriculture and energy.
CHS Insurance. Our wholly-owned subsidiary, CHS Insurance Services, LLC (“CHS Insurance”), was sold in May 2018. CHS Insurance was a full-service independent agency that offered property and casualty insurance, surety bonds, safety resources, employment services and group benefits.
Wheat Milling
Ardent Mills, LLC (“Ardent Mills”), the largest flour miller in the United States, was formed as a joint venture with Cargill and ConAgra Foods, Inc., which combined the North American flour milling operations of its three parent companies, including assets from our existing joint venture milling operations Horizon Milling, LLC and Horizon Milling, ULC and CHS-owned mills. In connection with the formation of Ardent Mills, the joint venture parties also entered into various ancillary and non-compete agreements including, among other things, an agreement for us to supply Ardent Mills with certain wheat and durum products. We hold a 12% interest in Ardent Mills and account for our investment as an equity method investment due to our ability to exercise significant influence through our ability to appoint a member of the Board of Shareholders and Board of Managers. On August 31, 2018, our investment in Ardent Mills was $205.9 million.
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Foods
Ventura Foods, LLC ("Ventura Foods") is a joint venture between CHS and Wilsey Foods, Inc., a majority-owned subsidiary of MBK USA Holdings, Inc., with each parent company owning a 50% interest. Ventura Foods produces vegetable oil-based products such as packaged frying oils, margarine, mayonnaise, salad dressings and other food products, and currently has 16 manufacturing and distribution locations across the United States and Canada. Ventura Foods sources its raw materials, which consist primarily of soybean oil, canola oil, palm/coconut oil, peanut oil and other ingredients and supplies, from various domestic and overseas suppliers, including our oilseed processing operations. We account for our investment in Ventura Foods using the equity method of accounting, and on August 31, 2018, our investment was $360.2 million.
EMPLOYEES
On August 31, 2018, we had 10,495 full, part-time, temporary and seasonal employees. Of that total, 2,534 were employed in our Energy segment, 7,317 were employed in our Ag segment and 644 were employed in Corporate and Other. In addition to those individuals directly employed by us, many individuals work for joint ventures in which we have a 50% or less ownership interest, including employees of CF Nitrogen and Ventura Foods in our Nitrogen Production segment and Corporate and Other category, respectively, and are not included in these totals.
Labor Relations
As of August 31, 2018, we had 11 collective bargaining agreements with unions covering approximately 9.0% of our employees in the United States. These collective bargaining agreements expire on various dates through July 1, 2022, except that one collective bargaining agreement covering 20 pipeline employees renews automatically every September 1, unless 60 days’ notice of termination is given.
CHS AUTHORIZED CAPITAL
We are an agricultural membership cooperative organized under Minnesota cooperative law to do business with member and non-member patrons.
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ITEM 1A. RISK FACTORS
CAUTIONARY STATEMENT FOR PURPOSES OF THE SAFE HARBOR PROVISIONS
OF THE PRIVATE SECURITIES LITIGATION REFORM ACT OF 1995
This Annual Report on Form 10-K contains and our other publicly available documents may contain, and our officers, directors and other representatives may from time to time make, “forward-looking statements” within the meaning of the safe harbor provisions of the U.S. Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. Forward-looking statements can be identified by words such as “anticipate,” “intend,” “plan,” “goal,” “seek,” “believe,” “project,” “estimate,” “expect,” “strategy,” “future,” “likely,” “may,” “should,” “will” and similar references to future periods. Forward-looking statements are neither historical facts nor assurances of future performance. Instead, they are based only on our current beliefs, expectations and assumptions regarding the future of our businesses, financial condition and results of operations, future plans and strategies, projections, anticipated events and trends, the economy and other future conditions. Because forward-looking statements relate to the future, they are subject to inherent uncertainties, risks and changes in circumstances that are difficult to predict and many of which are outside of our control. Our actual results and financial condition may differ materially from those indicated in the forward-looking statements. Therefore, you should not place undue reliance on any forward-looking statements. Important factors that could cause our actual results and financial condition to differ materially from those indicated in the forward-looking statements are discussed or identified in our public filings made with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission, including in this “Risk Factors” discussion. Any forward-looking statements made by us in this Annual Report on Form 10-K are based only on information currently available to us and speak only as of the date on which the statement is made. We undertake no obligation to publicly update any forward-looking statement, whether written or oral, that may be made from time to time, whether as a result of new information, future developments or otherwise, except as required by applicable law.
Reference to this Cautionary Statement in the context of a forward-looking statement shall be deemed to be a statement that any one or more of the following factors may cause actual results to differ materially from those indicated in the forward-looking statement.
The following risk factors are in addition to any other cautionary statements, written or oral, which may be made or referred to in connection with any particular forward-looking statement. The following risk factors should not be construed as exhaustive.
We have identified material weaknesses in our internal control over financial reporting. If these material weaknesses persist or if we fail to establish and maintain effective internal control over financial reporting, our ability to accurately report our results could be adversely affected.
Maintaining effective internal control over financial reporting is necessary for us to produce reliable financial statements. We have concluded that material weaknesses in our internal control over financial reporting exist, and consequently our Board of Directors determined that management’s report on internal control over financial reporting as of August 31, 2017, included in our Annual Reports on Form 10-K for the years then ended, should no longer be relied upon. In connection with these material weaknesses, we have restated our financial statements for the years ended August 31, 2017 and 2016, each of the quarters of fiscal 2017 and for the first three quarters of fiscal 2018. These material weaknesses are discussed further within Item 9A, Controls and Procedures, of this Annual Report on Form 10-K. The existence of one or more material weaknesses precludes a conclusion by management that a corporation’s internal control over financial reporting is effective.
In response to the identified material weaknesses, our management, with the oversight of the Audit Committee of our Board of Directors, has dedicated significant resources, including the involvement of outside advisors, and efforts to improve our internal control over financial reporting and has taken immediate action to remediate the material weaknesses identified. Certain remedial actions have been completed, including the termination of the employee who engaged in the misconduct, and the termination, reassignment and discipline of other employees who were determined to have responsibility for the above-described misstatements relating to our freight trading operations in our Grain Marketing business unit. We continue to actively plan for and implement additional control procedures, including (i) instituting additional training programs for our finance, accounting, operations, IT and other necessary personnel; (ii) evaluating the quality of and sufficiency of our finance, accounting and other internal control personnel and resources; (iii) establishing the appropriate roles and responsibilities within our organization to improve our knowledge and expertise over internal control over financial reporting; (iv) implementing IT project testing oversight and management; and (v) evaluating the manual and automated IT control environment surrounding critical enterprise resource planning systems, including the new ERP system.
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If we fail to remediate these material weaknesses or fail to otherwise maintain effective control over financial reporting in the future, it could result in a material misstatement of our financial statements that would not be prevented or detected on a timely basis. Our management and Board of Directors continue to devote significant time and attention to remediating these material weaknesses and improving our internal control over financial reporting, and we expect to continue to incur costs associated with remediating the material weaknesses in internal controls over financial reporting and implementing appropriate processes, which could include fees for additional audit, legal and consulting services, which could negatively affect our financial condition and operating results.
The consequences of our investigation with respect to certain rail freight contracts purchased in connection with our North American grain marketing operations could have a material adverse effect on our business and could subject us to regulatory scrutiny.
As part of our preparation of this Annual Report on Form 10-K, our management noted potentially excessive valuations in the net derivative asset valuations relating to certain rail freight contracts purchased in connection with our North American grain marketing operations. Following the identification of these potentially excessive valuations, we engaged external counsel, which engaged forensic accountants to work with our management, under the oversight of the Audit Committee of our Board of Directors, to conduct an investigation. The investigation concluded that there were misstatements in the consolidated financial statements included in certain of our filings with the SEC that were due to intentional misconduct by a former employee in our rail freight trading operations, as well as due to rail freight contracts and certain non-rail freight contracts not meeting the technical accounting requirements to qualify as derivative financial instruments. The misconduct consisted of the former employee manipulating the mark-to-market valuation of rail cars that were the subject of rail freight purchase contracts and manipulating the quantity of rail cars included in the monthly mark-to-market valuation. In addition, the investigation revealed intentional misstatements that were made by the former employee to our external auditor in connection with its audit of our consolidated financial statements for the year ended August 31, 2017. During the course of, and as a result of, the investigation, we terminated the former employee. The Audit Committee of our Board of Directors and the Company's legal counsel reported the findings of the investigation to our Board of Directors and to our independent registered public accounting firm and have discussed the evidence uncovered and conclusions reached in the investigation with the Staff of the Division of Enforcement of the SEC. Although we are not aware that any formal investigation or inquiry has been commenced, we are cooperating, and will continue to fully cooperate with, the Staff of the Division of Enforcement of the SEC in any review it may conduct into these matters. We are unable at this time to predict when the SEC Division of Enforcement’s review of these matters will be completed or what regulatory or other outcomes may result. If the SEC or any other governmental authority determines that violations of certain laws or regulations occurred, then we could be exposed to a broad range of civil and criminal sanctions. Although we are currently unable to predict what actions the SEC or any other governmental authority might take, or what the likely outcome of any such actions might be, or estimate the range of reasonably possible fines or penalties, such actions, fines and/or penalties could be material, resulting in a material adverse effect on our business, prospects, reputation, financial condition, results of operations or cash flows. Even if an inquiry or investigation does not result in an adverse determination, our business, prospects, reputation, financial condition, results of operations or cash flows could still be adversely impacted. In addition, the expenses incurred in connection with any investigation by the SEC or any other governmental authority, and the diversion of the attention of our management that could occur as a result thereof, could adversely affect, our business, financial condition, results of operations or cash flows.
Our revenues, results of operations and cash flows could be materially and adversely affected by changes in commodity prices.
Our revenues, results of operations and cash flows are affected by market prices for commodities such as crude oil, natural gas, ethanol, fertilizer, grain, oilseed, flour and crude and refined vegetable oils. Commodity prices generally are affected by a wide range of factors beyond our control, including weather, disease, insect damage, drought, the availability and adequacy of supply, government regulation and policies and general political and economic conditions. We are also exposed to fluctuating commodity prices as the result of our inventories of commodities, typically grain, fertilizer and petroleum products, and purchase and sale contracts at fixed or partially fixed prices. At any time, our inventory levels and unfulfilled fixed or partially fixed price contract obligations may be substantial. We have processes in place to monitor exposures to these risks and engage in strategies to manage these risks. If these controls and strategies are not successful in mitigating our exposure to these fluctuations, we could be materially and adversely affected. Increases in market prices for commodities that we purchase without a corresponding increase in the price of our products or our sales volume or a decrease in our other operating expenses could reduce our revenues and net income.
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For example, in our energy operations, profitability depends largely on the margin between the cost of crude oil that we refine and the selling prices that we obtain for our refined products. The prices for both crude oil and for gasoline, diesel fuel and other refined petroleum products fluctuate widely. Factors influencing these prices, many of which are beyond our control, include:

• | levels of worldwide and domestic supplies;

• | capacities of domestic and foreign refineries;

• | the ability of the members of the Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries (“OPEC”) to agree to and maintain oil price and production controls, and the price and level of imports;

• | disruption in supply;

• | political instability or armed conflict in oil-producing regions;

• | the level of demand from consumers, agricultural producers and other customers;

• | the price and availability of alternative fuels;

• | the availability of pipeline capacity; and

• | domestic and foreign governmental regulations and taxes.

The long-term effects of these and other conditions on the prices of crude oil and refined petroleum products are uncertain and ever-changing. Increases in crude oil prices without a corresponding increase in the prices of our refined petroleum products, and decreases in crude oil prices with larger corresponding decreases in the prices of our refined petroleum products, would reduce our net income. Accordingly, we expect our margins on, and the profitability of our energy business to fluctuate, possibly significantly, over time.
Government policies, mandates, regulations and trade agreements could adversely affect our operations and profitability.
Our business is subject to numerous government policies, mandates and regulations that could have an adverse effect on our operations or profitability. For example, government policies, mandates and regulations related to genetically modified organisms, traceability standards, product safety and labeling and renewable and low carbon fuels could have an adverse effect on our operations or profitability by, among other things, influencing the planting of certain crops, the location and size of crop production, the trade of processed and unprocessed commodity products, the volumes and types of imports and exports, the availability and competitiveness of feedstocks as raw materials and the viability and volume of certain of our products. In our Energy segment, government policies, mandates and regulations designed to stop or impede the development or production of oil, such as those limiting or banning the use of hydraulic fracturing or drilling, could also adversely affect our operations and profitability.
In addition, changes in international trade agreements and trade disputes can adversely affect commodity trade flows by limiting or disrupting trade between countries or regions. The U.S. government has imposed tariffs on certain products imported into the United States, which has resulted in reciprocal tariffs from other countries, including countries where we operate, like China. It is unclear what changes, if any, will be made to international trade agreements that are relevant to our business activities. These actions have created uncertainty between the United States and other nations, including countries where we operate. Changes in trade policy, withdrawals from or material modifications to relevant international trade agreements and continued uncertainty could depress economic activity and restrict our access to suppliers and customers. Tariffs and trade restrictions that are implemented on products that we buy and sell could increase the cost of those products or adversely affect the availability of market access. These cost increases and market changes could adversely affect the demand for our products and reduce margins, which could have a material adverse effect on our business and our earnings. In addition, the U.S. government can prevent or restrict us from doing business in or with other countries. These restrictions, and those of other governments, could limit our ability to gain access to business opportunities in various countries.
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We are subject to political, economic, legal and other risks of doing business globally.
We are a global business and are exposed to risks associated with having global operations. These risks include, but are not limited to, risks relating to terrorism, war, civil unrest, changes in a country’s or region’s social, economic or political conditions, changes in local labor conditions and regulations, changes in safety and environmental regulations, changes in regulatory or legal environments generally, restrictions on currency exchange activities, currency exchange fluctuations and taxes. In particular, some countries where we operate lack well-developed legal systems or have not adopted clear legal and regulatory frameworks. This lack of legal certainty exposes our operations to increased risks, including increased difficulty in enforcing our agreements in those jurisdictions and increased risks of adverse actions by local government authorities, such as unilateral or forced renegotiation, modification or nullification of existing agreements or expropriations.
Demand for our products is subject to global and regional factors that are outside of our control that could adversely impact our business.
The level of demand for our products is affected by global and regional demographics and macroeconomic conditions, including population growth rates and changes in standards of living. A significant downturn in global economic growth or recessionary conditions in major geographic regions may lead to a reduced demand for agricultural commodities, which could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, liquidity, results of operations and prospects. Additionally, weak global economic conditions and adverse conditions in financial and capital markets may adversely impact the financial condition and liquidity of some of our customers, suppliers and other counterparties, which could have a material adverse effect on our customers' ability to pay for our products and on our business, financial condition, liquidity, results of operations and prospects.
Our revenues, margins, results of operations and cash flows could be materially and adversely affected if our members were to do business with others rather than with us.
We do not have an exclusive relationship with our members and our members are not obligated to supply us with their products or purchase products from us. Our members often have a variety of distribution outlets and product sources available to them. If our members were to sell their products to other purchasers or purchase products from other sellers, our revenues and margins would decline and our results of operations and cash flows could be materially and adversely affected.
We are exposed to the risk of nonperformance and nonpayment by counterparties.
We are exposed to the risk of nonperformance and nonpayment by counterparties, whether pursuant to contracts or otherwise. Risk of nonperformance and nonpayment by counterparties includes the inability or refusal of a counterparty to pay us, the inability or refusal to perform because of a counterparty’s financial condition and liquidity, or for any other reason, and also the risk that the counterparty will refuse to perform a contract during a period of price fluctuations where contract prices are significantly different than the then current market prices. In the event that we experience significant nonperformance or nonpayment by counterparties, our financial condition, results of operations and cash flows could be materially and adversely affected. For example, we store inventory in third-party warehouses, and the operators of these warehouses may not adequately store or secure our inventory, or they may improperly sell that inventory to someone else, which could expose us to a loss of the value of that inventory. In the event that we experience any such nonperformance by a third-party warehouse operator, our financial condition, results of operations and cash flows could be materially and adversely affected.
We participate in highly competitive business markets and we may not be able to continue to compete successfully, which could have a material adverse effect on us.
We operate in several highly competitive business segments and our competitors may succeed in developing new or enhanced products that are better than ours, may be more successful in marketing and selling their products than we are, or may have more effective supply chain capability than we have. Competitive factors include price, service level, proximity to markets, access to transportation, product quality and marketing. In our business segments, we compete with certain companies that are larger and better known than we are and that have greater marketing, financial, personnel and other resources than we do. As a result, we may not be able to continue to compete successfully with our competitors, which could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, liquidity, results of operations and prospects.
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Our business, profitability and liquidity may be adversely affected by the deterioration in the credit quality of, or defaults by, third parties who owe us money.
We extend credit to, make loans to and engage in other financing arrangements with individual producers, local cooperatives and other third parties around the world. When we do so, we incur credit risk and the risk of losses if our borrowers and others to which we extend credit do not repay their loans or perform their obligations to pay us the money they owe. These parties may default on their obligations to us due to bankruptcy, lack of liquidity, operational failure or for other reasons. If these counterparties do not pay us back, such that we experience significant defaults on their payment obligations to us, our financial condition, results of operations or cash flows could be materially and adversely affected.
We are also subject to the risk that our rights against borrowers and other third parties that owe us money may not be enforceable in all circumstances, for example if a borrower or third party declares bankruptcy. In addition, due to implications of the overall agricultural sector's extended period of depressed commodity prices and margins, among other factors, the credit quality of borrowers and other third parties whose obligations we hold could deteriorate, including a deterioration in the value of collateral posted by those parties to secure their obligations to us pursuant to purchase contracts, loan agreements or other contracts. If that deterioration occurs, the material adverse effects of third parties not performing their repayment obligations may be exacerbated if the collateral held by us cannot be realized or is liquidated at prices not sufficient to recover the full amount owed to us. For example, certain loans and other financing arrangements we undertake with agricultural producers are typically secured by the counterparty’s crops that are planted in the current year. There is a risk that the value of the crop will not be sufficient to satisfy the counterparty’s repayment obligations under the financing arrangement as a result of weather, crop growing conditions, other factors that influence the price, supply and demand for agricultural commodities or for other reasons.
In addition, disputes may arise as to the amount of collateral we are entitled to receive and the value of pledged assets. The termination of contracts and the foreclosure on collateral may subject us to claims for the improper exercise of our rights. Default rates, downgrades and disputes with counterparties as to the valuation of collateral increase significantly in times of market stress and illiquidity.
In respect of our lending activity, we evaluate the collectability of both commercial and producer loans on a specific identification basis, based on the amount and quality of the collateral obtained, and record specific loan loss reserves when appropriate. Consistent with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States ("U.S. GAAP"), a general reserve is also maintained based on historical loss experience and various qualitative factors. For other forms of credit, we establish reserves as appropriate and consistent with U.S. GAAP. The reserves represent our best estimate based upon current facts and circumstances. Future developments or changes in assumptions may cause us to record adjustments to the reserves which could materially and adversely affect our results of operations.
Changes in federal income tax laws or in our tax status could increase our tax liability and reduce our net income significantly.
Current federal income tax laws, regulations and interpretations regarding the taxation of cooperatives allow us to exclude income generated through business with or for a member (patronage income) from our taxable income. If any changes are made to such federal income tax laws, regulations or interpretations, or if in the future we were not eligible to be taxed as a cooperative, our tax liability would significantly increase and our net income would significantly decrease.
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We incur significant costs in complying with applicable laws and regulations. Any failure to comply with these laws and regulations, or make the capital or other investments necessary to comply with these laws and regulations, could expose us to unanticipated expenditures and liabilities.
We are subject to numerous federal, state and local provisions regulating our business and operations. We incur and expect to incur significant capital and operating expenses to comply with these laws and regulations. We may be unable to pass on those expenses to customers without experiencing volume and margin losses. For example, the compliance burden and impact on our operations and profitability as a result of the enactment of the Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act (“Dodd-Frank”) and related regulations continue to evolve, as federal agencies have implemented and continue to implement its many provisions through regulation. These efforts to change the regulation of financial markets subject users of derivatives, such as CHS, to extensive oversight and regulation by the CFTC. Such initiatives have imposed, and may continue to impose, additional costs on us, including operating and compliance costs, and could materially affect the availability, as well as the cost and terms, of certain transactions. Certain federal regulations, studies and reports addressing Dodd-Frank, including the regulation of swaps and derivatives, are still being implemented and others are being finalized. We will continue to monitor these developments. Any of these matters could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, liquidity, results of operations and prospects.
We establish reserves for the future cost of known compliance obligations, such as remediation of identified environmental issues. However, these reserves may prove inadequate to meet our actual liability. Moreover, amended, new or more stringent requirements, stricter interpretations of existing requirements or the future discovery of currently unknown compliance issues may require us to make material expenditures or subject us to liabilities that we currently do not anticipate. Furthermore, our failure to comply with applicable laws and regulations could subject us to administrative penalties and injunctive relief, civil remedies, including fines and injunctions, criminal fines and penalties, and recalls of our products. For example, we regularly maintain hedges to manage the price risks associated with our commercial operations. These transactions typically take place on exchanges such as the CME. Our hedging transactions and activities are subject to the rules and regulations of the exchanges we use, including the CME, as well as the CFTC. All exchanges have broad powers to review required records, investigate and enforce compliance and to punish noncompliance by entities subject to their jurisdiction. The failure to comply with such rules and regulations could lead to restrictions on our trading activities or subject us to enforcement action by the CFTC or a disciplinary action by the exchanges, which could lead to substantial sanctions. In addition, any investigation or proceeding by an exchange or the CFTC, whether successful or unsuccessful, could result in substantial costs, the diversion of resources, including management time, and potential harm to our reputation, all of which, could have a material adverse effect on our business financial condition, liquidity, results of operations and prospects.
We are subject to the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act of 1977 and other similar anti-corruption, anti-bribery and anti-kickback laws and regulations, and any noncompliance with those laws and regulations by us or others acting on our behalf could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.
We operate on a global basis and are subject to anti-corruption, anti-bribery and anti-kickback laws and regulations, including the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act of 1977, as amended (the “FCPA”). The FCPA and other similar anti-corruption, anti-bribery and anti-kickback laws and regulations in other jurisdictions generally prohibit companies and their intermediaries or agents from making improper payments to government officials or any other persons for the purpose of obtaining or retaining business. We operate and sell our products in many parts of the world that have experienced governmental corruption to some degree and, in certain circumstances, strict compliance with anti-corruption, anti-bribery and anti-kickback laws and regulations may conflict with local customs and practices. In addition, in certain countries, we engage third-party agents or intermediaries to act on our behalf and/or conduct all or a portion of our operations through joint venture partners, including in those countries with a high risk for corruption. If any of these third parties violate applicable anti-corruption, anti-bribery or anti-kickback laws or regulations, we may be liable for those violations. We have policies in place prohibiting employees from making or authorizing improper payments, we train our employees regarding compliance with anti-corruption, anti-bribery and anti-kickback laws and regulations and we utilize procedures to identify and mitigate risks of such misconduct by our employees, third-party agents, intermediaries and joint venture partners. However, we cannot provide assurances that our employees, third-party agents, intermediaries or joint venture partners will comply with those policies, laws and regulations. If we are found liable for violations of the FCPA, or other similar anti-corruption, anti-bribery or anti-kickback laws or regulations, either due to our own acts or out of inadvertence, or due to the acts or inadvertence of others, we could suffer criminal or civil fines or penalties or other repercussions, including reputational harm, which could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.
In the fourth quarter of fiscal 2018, we contacted the U.S. Department of Justice and SEC to voluntarily self-disclose potential violations of the FCPA in connection with a small number of reimbursements the Company made to Mexican customs agents in the 2014-2015 time period for payments the customs agents made to Mexican customs officials in connection with
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inspections of grain crossing the U.S.-Mexican border by railcar. We are fully cooperating with the government, including with the assistance of legal counsel, which assistance includes investigating other areas of potential interest to the government. We are unable at this time to predict when our or the government agencies' review of these matters will be completed or what regulatory or other outcomes may result.
Environmental and energy laws and regulations may result in increased operating costs and capital expenditures and may have a material and adverse effect on us.
New and current environmental and energy laws and regulations, including regulations relating to alternative energy sources and the risk of global climate change, new interpretations of existing environmental and energy laws and regulations, increased governmental enforcement of environmental and energy laws and regulations or other developments in these areas could require us to make additional unforeseen expenditures or to make unforeseen changes to our operations, either of which could adversely affect us. For example, it is possible that some form of regulation will be forthcoming at the federal or state level in the United States with respect to emissions of greenhouse gases (“GHGs”), such as carbon dioxide, methane and nitrous oxides. New federal legislation or regulatory programs that restrict emissions of GHGs, or comparable new state legislation or programs, or customer requirements, in areas where we or our customers conduct business could adversely affect our operations and the demand for our energy products, which could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, liquidity, results of operations and prospects. In addition, new legislation or regulatory programs could require substantial expenditures for the installation and operation of systems and equipment that we do not currently possess or for substantial modifications to existing equipment. The actual effects of climate change on our businesses are, however, unknown and indeterminable at this time.
Also, pursuant to the Energy Independence and Security Act of 2007, the EPA has promulgated the Renewable Fuel Standard (“RFS”), which requires refiners to blend renewable fuels, such as ethanol and biodiesel, with their petroleum fuels or purchase renewable energy credits, known as Renewable Identification Numbers ("RINs"), in lieu of blending. The EPA generally establishes new annual renewable fuel percentage standards for each compliance year in the preceding year. We generate RINs in our marketing operations under the RFS; however, it may not be enough to meet the needs of our refining capacity and if so, RINs must be purchased on the open market. In recent years the price of RINs has been extremely volatile. As a result, the purchase of RINs could have a negative impact on our future refined fuels margins, the impact of which we are not able to estimate at this time.
During fiscal 2018, the EPA granted our Laurel, Montana refinery an extension of the small refinery exemption under the RFS as provided for under the Clean Air Act for 2017 (the "small refinery exemption"). This action provided our Laurel, Montana refinery an exemption from its renewable fuel volume obligations under the RFS program for compliance year 2017. In granting this exemption the EPA considered a number of factors and concluded that the Laurel, Montana refinery qualified for the exemption as prescribed under the standard. As with other competitors who received the exemption in the same geographic area as our Laurel, Montana refinery, the small refinery exemption lowers our cost to operate and has a positive impact on our earnings. Since the small refinery exemption is granted on a year-to-year basis, we are unable to predict whether we will receive this exemption again in the future.
Environmental liabilities could have a material adverse effect on us.
Many of our current and former facilities have been in operation for many years and, over that time, we and other operators of those facilities have generated, used, stored and disposed of substances or wastes that are or might be considered hazardous under applicable environmental laws, including liquid fertilizers, chemicals and fuels stored in underground and above-ground tanks. Any past or future actions in violation of applicable environmental laws could subject us to administrative penalties, fines, other costs, such as capital expenditures, and injunctions. In addition, an owner or operator of contaminated property, and a party who sends hazardous materials to such site for treatment, storage, disposal or recycling, can be liable for the cost of investigation and remediation under environmental laws. In some instances, such liability exists regardless of fault. Moreover, future or unknown past releases of hazardous substances could subject us to private lawsuits claiming damages, including for bodily injury or property damage, and to adverse publicity, which could have a material adverse effect on us. Liabilities, including legal costs, related to remediation of contaminated properties are not recognized by us until the related costs are considered probable and can be reasonably estimated.
Actual or perceived quality, safety or health risks associated with our products could subject us to significant liability and damage our business and reputation.
If any of our food or animal feed products became adulterated or misbranded, we may need to recall those items and could experience product liability claims if consumers or customers’ livestock were injured, or were claimed to be injured, as a
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result. A widespread product recall or a significant product liability judgment could cause our products to be unavailable for a period of time or could cause a loss of consumer or customer confidence in our products. Even if a product liability claim is unsuccessful or is not fully pursued, the negative publicity surrounding any assertion that our products caused illness or injury could adversely affect our business and reputation with existing and potential consumers and customers and our corporate and brand image. Moreover, claims or liabilities of this sort might not be covered by our insurance or by any rights of indemnity or contribution that we may have against others. In addition, general public perceptions regarding the quality, safety or health risks associated with particular food or animal feed products, such as concerns regarding genetically modified crops, could reduce demand and prices for some of the products associated with our businesses. To the extent that consumer preferences evolve away from products that our members or we produce for health or other reasons, such as the growing demand for organic food products, and we are unable to develop or procure products that satisfy new consumer preferences, there will be a decreased demand for our products, which could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, liquidity, results of operations and prospects.
Our financial results are susceptible to seasonality.
Many of our business activities are highly seasonal and operating results vary throughout the year. Our revenue and income are generally lowest during the second and fourth fiscal quarters and highest during the first and third fiscal quarters. For example, in our Ag segment, our crop nutrients and country operations businesses generally experience higher volumes and income during the spring planting season and during the fall harvest season. Our grain marketing operations are also subject to fluctuations in volume and income based on producer harvests, world grain prices and demand, and international trade relationships. Our Energy segment generally experiences higher volumes and income in certain operating areas, such as refined products, in the summer and early fall when gasoline and diesel fuel usage by our customers and members is highest and is subject to global supply and demand forces. Other energy products, such as propane, may experience higher volumes and income during the winter heating and crop drying seasons.
Our operations are subject to business interruptions and casualty losses; we do not insure against all potential losses and could be seriously harmed by unanticipated liabilities.
Our operations are subject to business interruptions due to unanticipated events such as explosions, fires, pipeline interruptions, transportation delays, equipment failures, crude oil or refined product spills, inclement weather and labor disputes. For example:

• | our oil refineries and other facilities are potential targets for terrorist attacks that could halt or discontinue production;

• | our inability to negotiate acceptable contracts with unionized workers in our operations could result in strikes or work stoppages;

• | our corporate headquarters, the facilities we own or the significant inventories that we carry could be damaged or destroyed by catastrophic events, extreme weather conditions or contamination;

• | someone may accidentally or intentionally introduce a computer virus to our information technology systems or breach our computer systems or other cyber resources; and

• | an occurrence of a pandemic flu or other disease affecting a substantial part of our workforce or our customers could cause an interruption in our business operations.

The effects of any of these events could be significant. We maintain insurance coverage against many, but not all potential losses or liabilities arising from these operating hazards, but uninsured losses or losses above our coverage limits are possible. Uninsured losses and liabilities arising from operating hazards could have a material adverse effect on us.
Our risk management strategies may not be effective.
Our business is affected by fluctuations in commodity prices, transportation costs, energy prices, foreign currency exchange rates and interest rates. We monitor position limits, account receivables and other exposures, and engage in other strategies and controls to manage these risks. Our monitoring efforts may not be successful at detecting a significant risk exposure and our controls and strategies may not be effective in adequately managing against the occurrence of a loss relating to a risk exposure. If our controls and strategies are not successful in mitigating our financial exposure to losses due to the fluctuations mentioned above, it could significantly and adversely affect our operating results.
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Our business is capital-intensive in nature and we rely on cash generated from our operations and external financing to fund our strategies and ongoing capital needs.
We require significant capital, including access to credit markets from time to time, to operate our business and fund our strategies. Our working capital requirements are directly affected by the price of commodities, which may fluctuate significantly and change quickly. We also require substantial capital to maintain and upgrade our extensive network of facilities to keep pace with competitive developments, technological advances, regulations and changing safety standards. In addition, the expansion of our business and pursuit of acquisitions or other business opportunities has required, and may require, significant amounts of capital. If we are unable to generate sufficient cash flow or maintain access to adequate external financing, including as a result of significant disruptions in the global credit markets, it could restrict our current operations and our growth opportunities, which could adversely affect our operating results, and restrict our ability to repay our existing indebtedness.
Our cooperative structure limits our ability to access equity capital.
As a cooperative, we may not sell common stock in our company. In addition, existing laws and our articles of incorporation and bylaws limit dividends on any preferred stock we may issue to 8% per annum. These limitations may restrict our ability to raise equity capital and may adversely affect our ability to compete with enterprises that do not face similar restrictions.
Consolidation among the producers of products we purchase and customers for products we sell could materially and adversely affect our revenues, results of operations and cash flows.
Consolidation has occurred among the individual producers of products we sell and purchase, including crude oil, fertilizer and grain, and it is likely to continue in the future. Consolidation could allow producers to negotiate pricing, supply availability and other contract terms that are less favorable to us. Consolidation also may increase the competition among consumers of these products to enter into supply relationships with a smaller number of producers, resulting in potentially higher prices for the products we purchase.
Consolidation has occurred among cooperative associations that are wholesale customers of our products, which has resulted in a smaller wholesale and retail customer base for our products and has intensified the competition for these customers, and this consolidation is likely to continue in the future. For example, ongoing consolidation among distributors and brokers of food products and food retailers has altered the buying patterns of these businesses, as they have increasingly elected to work with product suppliers who can meet their needs nationwide rather than just regionally or locally. If these cooperatives, distributors, brokers and retailers elect not to purchase our products, our revenues, results of operations and cash flows could be materially and adversely affected.
In addition, in the seed, fertilizer and crop protection markets, consolidation at both the producer and wholesale customer level increases the potential for direct sales from the respective input manufacturer to the cooperative customers and/or the individual agricultural producer, which would remove us from the supply chain and could have a material and adverse effect on our revenues, results of operations and cash flows.
If our customers choose alternatives to our refined petroleum products, our revenues, results of operations and cash flows could be materially and adversely affected.
Numerous alternative energy sources currently under development could serve as alternatives to our gasoline, diesel fuel and other refined petroleum products. If any of these alternative products become more economically viable or preferable to our products for environmental or other reasons, demand for our energy products would decline. Declining demand for our energy products, particularly diesel fuel sold for farming applications, could materially and adversely affect our revenues, results of operations and cash flows.
The results of our agronomy business are highly dependent upon certain factors outside of our control.
Planted acreage, and consequently the volume of fertilizer and crop protection products applied, is partially dependent upon government programs, grain prices and the perception held by the producer of demand for production, all of which are outside of our control. In addition, weather conditions during the spring planting season and early summer spraying season also affect agronomy product volumes and profitability. Emerging sustainability and other environmental concerns that are outside of our control could also affect the future demand for agronomy products applied to crops and the volume of any such
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application. Accordingly, factors outside of our control could materially and adversely affect the revenues, results of operations and cash flows of our agronomy business.
Technological improvements could decrease the demand for our agronomy and energy products.
Technological advances in agriculture could decrease the demand for crop nutrients, energy and other crop input products and services that we provide. Genetically engineered seeds that resist disease and insects, or that meet certain nutritional requirements, could affect the demand for our crop nutrients and crop protection products. Demand for fuel that we sell could decline as technology allows for more efficient usage of equipment. Declining demand for our products could materially and adversely affect our revenues, results of operations and cash flows.
Acquisitions, strategic alliances, joint ventures, divestitures and other non-ordinary course of business events resulting from portfolio management actions and other evolving business strategies could affect future results.
We monitor our business portfolio and organizational structure and have made and may continue to make acquisitions, strategic alliances, joint ventures, divestitures and changes to our organizational structure. With respect to acquisitions, future results will be affected by our ability to identify suitable acquisition candidates, to adequately finance any acquisitions and to integrate acquired businesses quickly and obtain the anticipated financial returns, including synergies. Our ability to successfully complete a divestiture will depend on, among other things, our ability to identify buyers that are prepared to acquire such assets or businesses on acceptable terms and to adjust and optimize our retained businesses following the divestiture. Additionally, we may fail to consummate proposed acquisitions, divestitures, joint ventures or strategic alliances after incurring expenses and devoting substantial resources, including management time, to such transactions.
Several parts of our business, including in particular our nitrogen production business, our foods business and portions of our grain marketing and wheat milling operations, are operated through joint ventures with third parties where we do not have majority control of the venture. By operating a business through a joint venture, we have less control over business decisions than we have in our wholly-owned or majority-owned businesses. In particular, we generally cannot act on major business initiatives in our joint ventures without the consent of the other party or parties in those ventures. Investments in joint ventures may, under certain circumstances, involve risks not present when a third party is not involved, including the possibility that co-venturers might become bankrupt or fail to fund their share of required capital contributions, in which case the joint venture may be unable to access needed growth capital (if the co-venturer is solely responsible for capital contributions) or we and any other remaining co-venturers would generally be liable for the joint venture’s liabilities. Co-venturers may have economic, tax or other business interests or goals which are inconsistent with our business interests or goals, and may be in a position to take actions contrary to our policies or objectives. Our co-venturers may take actions that are not within our control, which may expose our investments in joint ventures to the risk of lower values or returns. Joint venture investments may also lead to impasses. Disputes between us and co-venturers may result in litigation or arbitration that would increase our expenses and prevent our officers and/or directors from focusing their time and effort on our day-to-day business. In addition, we may in certain circumstances be liable for the actions of our co-venturers. Each of these matters could have a material adverse effect on us.
We made certain assumptions and projections regarding the future of the markets served by our joint venture investments which included projected market pricing and demand for their products. These assumptions were an integral part of the economics used to evaluate these joint venture investment opportunities prior to consummation. To the extent that actual market performance varies from our models, our ability to achieve the projected returns on our joint venture investments may be impacted in a material adverse manner.
We utilize information technology systems to support our business. An ongoing multi-year implementation of an enterprise-wide resource planning system, reliance upon multiple legacy business systems, security breaches or other disruptions to our information technology systems or assets could interfere with our operations, compromise security of our customers’ or suppliers’ information and expose us to liability which could adversely impact our business and reputation.
Our operations rely on certain key information technology (“IT”) systems, many of which are legacy in nature or may be dependent upon third-party services, to provide critical connections of data, information and services for internal and external users. Over the next several years, we expect to continue implementing a new enterprise resource planning system (“ERP”), which has and will continue to require significant capital and human resources to deploy. There can be no assurance that the actual costs for the ERP will not exceed our current estimates or that the ERP will not take longer to implement than we currently expect. In addition, potential flaws in implementing the ERP or in the failure of any portion/module of the ERP to meet our needs or provide appropriate controls may pose risks to our ability to operate successfully and efficiently. There may
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be other challenges and risks to both our aging and current IT systems over time due to any number of causes, such as catastrophic events, availability of resources, power outages, security breaches or cyber-based attacks, and as we upgrade and standardize our ERP system on a worldwide basis. These challenges and risks could result in legal claims or proceedings, liability or penalties, disruption in operations, loss of valuable data and damage to our reputation, all of which could adversely affect our business. Our ongoing IT investments include those relating to cybersecurity, including technology, hired expertise and cybersecurity risk mitigation actions. However, an incident or breach may occur and if it does, it could subject us to an adverse impact on our business and reputation.
ITEM 1B. UNRESOLVED STAFF COMMENTS
As of the date hereof, there were no unresolved comments from the SEC staff regarding our periodic or current reports.
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ITEM 2. PROPERTIES
We own or lease energy, agronomy, grain handling and processing facilities and other real estate throughout the United States and internationally. Below is a summary of these locations.
Energy
Facilities in our Energy segment include the following, all of which are owned except where indicated as leased:

Refineries | Laurel, Montana and McPherson, Kansas
Propane terminals | Biddeford, Maine; Glenwood, Minnesota; Rockville, Minnesota (50% owned by CHS); Hannaford, North Dakota; Ross, North Dakota; Hixton, Wisconsin
Transportation terminals/repair facilities | 12 locations in Iowa, Kansas, Minnesota, Montana, North Dakota, South Dakota, Washington and Wisconsin, two of which are leased
Petroleum and asphalt terminals/storage facilities | 11 locations in Montana, North Dakota and Wisconsin
Pipelines: |
Cenex Pipeline, LLC | Laurel, Montana to Fargo, North Dakota
Front Range Pipeline, LLC | Canadian border to Laurel, Montana
Jayhawk Pipeline, LLC | Throughout Kansas, with branches in Nebraska, Oklahoma and Texas
Conway Pipeline | McPherson, Kansas to Conway, Kansas
Kaw Pipe Line Company | Locations throughout Kansas
Osage Pipe Line Company, LLC (50% owned by CHS McPherson) | Oklahoma to Kansas
Convenience stores/gas stations | 34 locations in Minnesota, Montana, North Dakota, South Dakota, and Wyoming, 6 of which are leased
Lubricant plants/warehouses | Three locations in Minnesota, Ohio and Texas, one of which is leased

Ag
Within our Ag segment, we own or lease the following facilities:
Grain Marketing
We own 18 grain terminals, which are used in our grain marketing operations, in: Pekin and Peru, Illinois; Davenport, Iowa; Myrtle Grove, Louisiana; Savage and Winona, Minnesota; Collins, Mississippi; Friona, Texas; Superior, Wisconsin; Argentina; Brazil; Hungary; and Romania. We also own one fertilizer terminal in Argentina. In addition to office space at our corporate headquarters, we have 34 grain marketing offices in: Davenport, Iowa; Winona, Minnesota; Lincoln, Nebraska; Argentina; Brazil; Bulgaria; Canada; China; Hungary; Jordan; Paraguay; Romania; Russia; Serbia; Singapore; South Korea; Spain; Switzerland; Taiwan; Ukraine; and Uruguay. We lease all of these grain marketing offices, other than the grain marketing offices in Davenport, Iowa and Winona, Minnesota, which we own.
Country Operations
In our country operations business, we own agri-operations facilities in 466 communities (of which some of the facilities are on leased land), four sunflower plants and eight feed manufacturing facilities. These operations are located in Colorado, Idaho, Illinois, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Montana, Nebraska, North Dakota, Oklahoma, Oregon, South Dakota, Texas, Washington, and Wisconsin.
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Crop Nutrients
We own one deep water port in Galveston, Texas and 18 terminals in: Little Rock, Arkansas; Post Falls, Idaho; Peru, Illinois; Muscatine, Iowa; Melbourne and Owensboro, Kentucky; Lake Providence, Lettsworth, Mermentau, Tallulah and Vidalia, Louisiana; St. Paul and Winona, Minnesota; Greenville, Mississippi; Watertown, South Dakota; Memphis, Tennessee; and Friona and Texarkana, Texas. The facilities located in Little Rock, Arkansas, Owensboro, Kentucky and Galveston, Texas are on leased land.
Processing and Food Ingredients
We own oilseed processing facilities in: Hallock, Fairmont and Mankato, Minnesota. In addition, we own a grain storage facility in Joliette, North Dakota.
Renewable Fuels
We own ethanol plants located in Rochelle and Annawan, Illinois.
Corporate and Other
I n addition to the leased office space at our corporate headquarters, we lease two offices in: Kansas City, Missouri; and Huron, South Dakota. We own approximately 11,000 acres of agricultural land and related improvements in central Michigan.
Corporate Headquarters
We are headquartered in Inver Grove Heights, Minnesota. We lease a 24-acre campus consisting of one building with approximately 320,000 square feet of office space and own an additional 9-acres of land adjacent to the leased property on which we have two smaller buildings with approximately 13,400 and 9,000 square feet of space. We also have offices in Eagan, Minnesota and Washington, D.C., which are leased.
ITEM 3. LEGAL PROCEEDINGS
We are involved as a defendant in various lawsuits, claims and disputes, which are in the normal course of our business. The resolution of any such matters may affect consolidated net income for any fiscal period; however, our management believes any resulting liabilities, individually or in the aggregate, will not have a material effect on our consolidated financial position, results of operations or cash flows during any fiscal year.
ITEM 4. MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURES
Not applicable.
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PART II.
ITEM 5. MARKET FOR REGISTRANT’S COMMON EQUITY, RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS AND ISSUER PURCHASES OF EQUITY SECURITIES
As a cooperative, we do not have any common stock that is traded or otherwise. We have not sold any equity securities during the three years ended August 31, 2018, that were not registered under the Securities Act of 1933.
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ITEM 6. SELECTED FINANCIAL DATA
The following selected income statement data for the years ended August 31, 2018, 2017, and 2016, and balance sheet data as of August 31, 2018, and 2017, are derived from our audited consolidated financial statements within this Annual Report on Form 10-K. The following selected income statement data for the years ended August 31, 2015, and 2014, and balance sheet data as of August 31, 2016, 2015, and 2014, are derived from unaudited consolidated financial information not included in this Annual Report on Form 10-K and has been restated from previously reported results.
The following table sets forth our selected historical consolidated financial data for each of the five periods indicated. Certain prior period amounts have been restated for the correction of misstatements described below. This information should be read in conjunction with the "Explanatory Note" immediately preceding Item 1 of this Annual Report on Form 10-K, Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations in Item 7 of this Annual Report on Form 10-K and with our consolidated financial statements and Notes thereto included elsewhere in this Annual Report on Form 10-K, including further details related to the misstatements discussed in Note 2, Restatement of Previously Issued Consolidated Financial Statements.

| Selected Consolidated Financial Data
| 2018 |  | (As Restated) 2017 |  | (As Restated) 2016 |  | (As Restated) 2015 |  | (As Restated) 2014
| (Dollars in thousands)
Income Statement Data: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Revenues | $ | 32,683,347 |  |  | $ | 32,037,426 |  |  | $ | 30,355,260 |  |  | $ | 34,517,452 |  |  | $ | 42,619,712 |
Cost of goods sold | 31,589,887 |  |  | 31,142,766 |  |  | 29,386,515 |  |  | 33,099,955 |  |  | 40,889,181 |
Gross profit | 1,093,460 |  |  | 894,660 |  |  | 968,745 |  |  | 1,417,497 |  |  | 1,730,531 |
Marketing, general and administrative | 674,083 |  |  | 612,007 |  |  | 601,266 |  |  | 642,309 |  |  | 598,965 |
Reserve and impairment charges (recoveries), net | (37,709 | ) |  | 456,679 |  |  | 75,036 |  |  | 158,771 |  |  | 78,133 |
Operating earnings (loss) | 457,086 |  |  | (174,026 | ) |  | 292,443 |  |  | 616,417 |  |  | 1,053,433 |
(Gain) loss on disposal of business | (131,816 | ) |  | 2,190 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Interest expense | 149,202 |  |  | 171,239 |  |  | 113,704 |  |  | 70,659 |  |  | 147,240 |
Other (income) loss | (78,015 | ) |  | (99,951 | ) |  | (47,609 | ) |  | (46,752 | ) |  | (146,472 | )
Equity (income) loss from investments | (153,515 | ) |  | (137,338 | ) |  | (175,777 | ) |  | (107,850 | ) |  | (107,446 | )
Income (loss) before income taxes | 671,230 |  |  | (110,166 | ) |  | 402,125 |  |  | 700,360 |  |  | 1,160,111 |
Income tax expense (benefit) | (104,076 | ) |  | (181,124 | ) |  | 19,099 |  |  | (4,900 | ) |  | 22,226 |
Net income (loss) | 775,306 |  |  | 70,958 |  |  | 383,026 |  |  | 705,260 |  |  | 1,137,885 |
Net income (loss) attributable to noncontrolling interests | (601 | ) |  | (634 | ) |  | (223 | ) |  | (816 | ) |  | 1,572 |
Net income (loss) attributable to CHS Inc. | $ | 775,907 |  |  | $ | 71,592 |  |  | $ | 383,249 |  |  | $ | 706,076 |  |  | $ | 1,136,313 |
Balance Sheet Data (as of August 31): |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Working capital | $ | 759,034 |  |  | $ | 148,565 |  |  | $ | 338,446 |  |  | $ | 2,650,637 |  |  | $ | 3,132,548 |
Net property, plant and equipment | 5,141,719 |  |  | 5,356,434 |  |  | 5,488,323 |  |  | 5,192,927 |  |  | 4,180,148 |
Total assets | 16,381,178 |  |  | 15,818,922 |  |  | 17,149,639 |  |  | 15,101,216 |  |  | 15,142,607 |
Long-term debt, including current maturities | 1,930,255 |  |  | 2,179,793 |  |  | 2,297,205 |  |  | 1,478,930 |  |  | 1,603,028 |
Total equities | 8,165,028 |  |  | 7,705,640 |  |  | 7,759,157 |  |  | 7,551,439 |  |  | 6,428,582 |

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Description of Restatement Adjustments
The categories of restatement adjustments and their impact on previously reported consolidated financial statements for the years ended August 31, 2017, and 2016, are detailed in Note 2, Restatement of Previously Issued Financial Statements contained in the Notes to the consolidated financial statements in this Annual Report on Form 10-K. The categories of restatement adjustments and their impact on previously reported consolidated financial statements for fiscal 2014 and fiscal 2015, and selected balance sheet data as of August 31, 2016, are described below.
(a) Freight Derivatives and Related Misstatements - Corrections for freight derivatives and related misstatements were driven by the intentional misstatement of amounts associated with both the value and quantity of rail freight contracts, as well as due to rail freight contracts and certain non-rail freight contracts not meeting the technical accounting requirements to qualify as derivative financial instruments. In addition to the elimination of the underlying freight derivative assets and liabilities and related impacts on revenues and cost of goods sold, additional adjustments were recorded to account for prepaid freight capacity balances in relevant periods and the impact of a goodwill impairment charge recorded as of May 31, 2015, for goodwill held within our Grain Marketing reporting unit. Additional details related to the impact of the freight derivatives and related misstatements and their impact on each period are discussed in restatement reference (a).
(b) Intercompany Misstatements - As a result of the work performed in relation to the freight misstatement, additional misstatements related to the elimination of intercompany balances were also identified and corrected within the consolidated financial statements. Certain of these intercompany misstatements resulted in a misstatement of various financial statement line items; however, the intercompany misstatements did not result in a material misstatement of income (loss) before income taxes or net income (loss). Additional details related to the impact of the intercompany misstatements and their impact on each period are discussed in restatement reference (b).
(c) Other Misstatements - We made adjustments for other previously identified misstatements unrelated to the freight derivatives and related misstatements that were not material, individually or in the aggregate, to our consolidated financial statements. These other misstatements related primarily to certain misclassifications, adjustments to revenues and cost of goods sold, and adjustments to various income tax and indirect tax accrual accounts. Additional details related to the impact of the other misstatements and their impact on each period are discussed in restatement reference (c).

| As of August 31, 2016
| As Previously Reported |  | Restatement Adjustments |  | As Restated |  | Restatement References
| (Dollars in thousands)
Balance Sheet Data: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Working capital | $ | 414,385 |  |  | $ | (75,939 | ) |  | $ | 338,446 |  |  | a, b, c
Net property, plant and equipment | 5,488,323 |  |  | — |  |  | 5,488,323 |  |  |
Total assets | 17,312,135 |  |  | (162,496 | ) |  | 17,149,639 |  |  | a, b, c
Long-term debt, including current maturities | 2,297,205 |  |  | — |  |  | 2,297,205 |  |  |
Total equities | 7,866,250 |  |  | (107,093 | ) |  | 7,759,157 |  |  | a, b, c

Balance Sheet Data as of August 31, 2016
Freight derivatives and related misstatements
(a) The correction of freight derivatives and related misstatements resulted in an $83.6 million reduction of working capital, a $178.7 million reduction of total assets, and a $115.7 million reduction of total equities. The reductions of working capital, total assets and total equities related primarily to the elimination of $169.5 million of current derivative assets that had been recorded as assets on the Consolidated Balance Sheet. The related decreases of working capital and total equities were partially offset by several related adjustments, including a $58.4 million reduction of current derivative liabilities, a $5.6 million increase of prepaid income taxes, a $20.7 million decrease of accrued income taxes and a $15.9 million increase of long-term deferred tax liabilities associated with the income tax impact of the freight misstatement. The decrease of total assets also included an approximate $16.0 million reduction of goodwill that resulted from a goodwill impairment recorded during fiscal 2015, which was partially offset by the recognition of a $1.3 million prepaid freight capacity balance.
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Intercompany misstatements
(b) The correction of intercompany misstatements resulted in a $12.1 million increase of working capital, a $21.2 million reduction of total assets, and a $12.1 million increase of total equities due to different practices of eliminating intercompany balances between CHS's businesses which existed in previous periods. The decreases of working capital and total equities related primarily to $4.4 million reduction of accounts payable and a $7.7 million reduction of dividends and equities payable that resulted from timing differences. The decrease of total assets related primarily to a $6.2 million decrease of accounts receivable, a $12.1 million decrease of current derivative assets, and a $6.4 million decrease of margin deposits, which were partially offset by a $2.8 million increase of inventories with offsetting adjustments to current liabilities.
Other misstatements
(c) The correction of other misstatements resulted in a $4.4 million decrease of working capital, a $37.4 million increase of total assets, and a $3.5 million decrease of total equities. Several misclassification adjustments were made between working capital accounts; however, the decreases of working capital and total equities were driven by adjustments to certain income tax balances, including a $9.1 million decrease of prepaid income taxes and a $20.7 million increase of accrued income taxes, which were partially offset by the correction of other misstatements, including a $27.9 million reduction of dividends and equities payable that had been included from the accrual balance as the result of a timing difference. The increase of total assets relates primarily to a $39.4 million increase of inventory with a corresponding increase to accounts payable that resulted from a misclassification adjustment for an accounts payable balance that had previously been classified as a contra-inventory balance.
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| For the Year Ended August 31, 2015 |  | For the Year Ended August 31, 2014 |  |
| As Previously Reported |  | Restatement Adjustments |  | As Restated |  | As Previously Reported |  | Restatement Adjustments |  | As Restated |  | Restatement References
| (Dollars in thousands) |  |
Revenues | $ | 34,582,442 |  |  | $ | (64,990 | ) |  | $ | 34,517,452 |  |  | $ | 42,664,033 |  |  | $ | (44,321 | ) |  | $ | 42,619,712 |  |  | a, b, c
Cost of goods sold | 33,091,676 |  |  | 8,279 |  |  | 33,099,955 |  |  | 41,011,487 |  |  | (122,306 | ) |  | 40,889,181 |  |  | a, b, c
Gross profit | 1,490,766 |  |  | (73,269 | ) |  | 1,417,497 |  |  | 1,652,546 |  |  | 77,985 |  |  | 1,730,531 |  |  |
Marketing, general and administrative | 642,309 |  |  | — |  |  | 642,309 |  |  | 598,965 |  |  | — |  |  | 598,965 |  |  |
Reserve and impairment charges (recoveries), net | 133,045 |  |  | 25,726 |  |  | 158,771 |  |  | 3,633 |  |  | 74,500 |  |  | 78,133 |  |  | a, c
Operating earnings (loss) | 715,412 |  |  | (98,995 | ) |  | 616,417 |  |  | 1,049,948 |  |  | 3,485 |  |  | 1,053,433 |  |  |
Interest expense | 70,659 |  |  | — |  |  | 70,659 |  |  | 147,240 |  |  | — |  |  | 147,240 |  |  |
Other (income) loss | (15,565 | ) |  | (31,187 | ) |  | (46,752 | ) |  | (121,149 | ) |  | (25,323 | ) |  | (146,472 | ) |  | c
Equity (income) loss from investments | (107,850 | ) |  | — |  |  | (107,850 | ) |  | (107,446 | ) |  | — |  |  | (107,446 | ) |  |
Income (loss) before income taxes | 768,168 |  |  | (67,808 | ) |  | 700,360 |  |  | 1,131,303 |  |  | 28,808 |  |  | 1,160,111 |  |  |
Income tax expense (benefit) | (12,165 | ) |  | 7,265 |  |  | (4,900 | ) |  | 48,296 |  |  | (26,070 | ) |  | 22,226 |  |  | a, c
Net income (loss) | 780,333 |  |  | (75,073 | ) |  | 705,260 |  |  | 1,083,007 |  |  | 54,878 |  |  | 1,137,885 |  |  |
Net income (loss) attributable to noncontrolling interests | (712 | ) |  | (104 | ) |  | (816 | ) |  | 1,572 |  |  | — |  |  | 1,572 |  |  |
Net income (loss) attributable to CHS Inc. | $ | 781,045 |  |  | $ | (74,969 | ) |  | $ | 706,076 |  |  | $ | 1,081,435 |  |  | $ | 54,878 |  |  | $ | 1,136,313 |  |  |
Balance Sheet Data (as of August 31): |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Working capital | $ | 2,751,949 |  |  | $ | (101,312 | ) |  | $ | 2,650,637 |  |  | $ | 3,168,512 |  |  | $ | (35,964 | ) |  | $ | 3,132,548 |  |  | a, c
Net property, plant and equipment | 5,192,927 |  |  | — |  |  | 5,192,927 |  |  | 4,180,148 |  |  | — |  |  | 4,180,148 |  |  |
Total assets | 15,226,125 |  |  | (124,909 | ) |  | 15,101,216 |  |  | 15,293,507 |  |  | (150,900 | ) |  | 15,142,607 |  |  | a, c
Long-term debt, including current maturities | 1,428,930 |  |  | 50,000 |  |  | 1,478,930 |  |  | 1,603,028 |  |  | — |  |  | 1,603,028 |  |  | c
Total equities | 7,669,411 |  |  | (117,972 | ) |  | 7,551,439 |  |  | 6,466,844 |  |  | (38,262 | ) |  | 6,428,582 |  |  | a, c

For the year ended August 31, 2015
Freight derivatives and related misstatements
(a) The correction of freight derivatives and related misstatements resulted in a $67.8 million reduction of income before income taxes and a $56.0 million reduction of net income. The decreased income before income taxes and net income were primarily the result of a $42.5 million increase of cost of goods sold and an increase of reserve and impairment charges related to a goodwill impairment charge of approximately $16.0 million within our Grain Marketing reporting unit following a reassessment of the goodwill balance as of May 31, 2015. The remaining adjustment to income before income taxes relates to a $9.0 million decrease of revenues that should have been recorded during fiscal 2014 and the remaining adjustment to net income relates to an $11.8 million decrease of income tax expense resulting from the tax effect of the freight derivatives and related misstatements.
Intercompany misstatements
(b) The correction of intercompany misstatements had no impact on income (loss) before income taxes or net income (loss); however, the correction resulted in a $37.9 million decrease of both revenues and cost of goods sold due to different practices of eliminating intercompany sales between CHS's businesses which existed in previous periods.
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Other misstatements
(c) The correction of other misstatements had no impact on income (loss) before income taxes; however, a $19.1 million reduction of net income resulted from the correction of income tax misstatements. The incremental income taxes of $19.1 million were recorded to adjust for the impact of income tax items that had previously been identified and recorded as out of period adjustments in subsequent periods. Additionally, certain misclassification adjustments were made between line items included in the Consolidated Statements of Operations primarily due to the application of differing accounting policies between businesses, including an $18.1 million decrease of revenues, a $3.7 million increase of cost of goods sold, a $9.4 million increase of reserve and impairment charges, net and a $31.2 million increase of other income.
Balance Sheet Data as of August 31, 2015
Freight derivatives and related misstatements
(a) The correction of freight derivatives and related misstatements resulted in an $88.7 million reduction of working capital, a $141.6 million reduction of total assets, and a $104.6 million reduction of total equities. The reductions of working capital, total assets and total equities related primarily to the elimination of $132.0 million of current derivative assets that had been recorded as assets on the Consolidated Balance Sheet. The decreases of working capital and total equities were partially offset by several related adjustments, including a $32.5 million reduction of current derivative liabilities, a $5.5 million reduction of income taxes payable that resulted from the freight misstatement and the recognition of a $5.4 million prepaid freight capacity balance. In addition to the reductions of current assets, the decrease of total assets also included an approximate $16.0 million reduction of goodwill associated with a goodwill impairment recorded during fiscal 2015.
Intercompany misstatements
(b) None
Other misstatements
(c) The correction of other misstatements resulted in a $12.7 million decrease of working capital, a $16.7 million increase of total assets, a $50.0 million increase of long-term debt, including current maturities and a $13.4 million decrease of total equities. The decrease of working capital related primarily to a $13.5 million increase of dividends and equities payable that had been excluded from the accrual balance as the result of a timing difference. The $16.7 million increase of total assets related to a timing difference associated with the application of in-transit cash and receivables that had resulted in a $13.9 million understatement of cash and a $2.8 million understatement of receivables (with the offsetting entries impacting customer advance payments and accounts payable). The $50.0 million increase of long-term debt, including current maturities related to a misclassification adjustment for certain notes payable balances to their appropriate classification as long-term debt (including current portion). The $13.4 million decrease of total equities related primarily to the $13.5 million timing difference associated with the accrual of dividends and equities payable described above.
For the year ended August 31, 2014
Freight derivatives and related misstatements
(a) The correction of freight derivatives and related misstatements resulted in a $28.8 million increase of income before income taxes and a $17.8 million increase of net income. The increased income before income taxes was primarily the result of a $19.8 million decrease of cost of goods sold and a $9.0 million increase of revenues that had been incorrectly recognized during fiscal 2015. The increased net income resulted primarily from the increase of income before income taxes, which was partially offset by an $11.0 million increase of income tax expense related to the tax effect of the freight derivatives and related misstatements.
Intercompany misstatements
(b) The correction of intercompany misstatements had no impact on income (loss) before income taxes or net income (loss); however, the correction resulted in a $35.6 million decrease of both revenues and cost of goods sold due to different practices of eliminating intercompany sales between CHS's businesses which existed in previous periods.
Other misstatements
(c) The correction of other misstatements had no impact on income (loss) before income taxes; however, the correction of certain tax items that resulted in an income tax benefit of $37.1 million and a corresponding increase of net income. The income tax benefit of $37.1 million was recorded to adjust for the impact of income tax items that had previously been recorded as out of period adjustments in subsequent periods. In addition to the income tax adjustment, certain
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misclassification adjustments were made between line items included in the Consolidated Statements of Operations primarily due to the application of differing accounting policies between businesses. These misclassification adjustments resulted in a $17.7 million decrease of revenues, a $66.9 million decrease of cost of goods sold, a $74.5 million increase of reserve and impairment charges (recoveries), net and a $25.3 million increase of other income.
Balance Sheet Data as of August 31, 2014
Freight derivatives and related misstatements
(a) The correction of freight derivatives and related misstatements resulted in a $22.6 million reduction of working capital, a $150.9 million reduction of total assets, and a $49.9 million reduction of total equities. The reductions of working capital, total assets and total equities related primarily to the elimination of $224.5 million of current derivative assets that had been incorrectly recorded as assets on the Consolidated Balance Sheet. The decreases of working capital and total equities were partially offset by several related adjustments, including a $109.5 million reduction of current derivative liabilities, the recognition of a $62.8 million prepaid freight capacity balance, the recognition of a $10.8 million accounts receivable balance and a $20.1 million reduction of income taxes payable.
Intercompany misstatements
(b) None
Other misstatements
(c) The correction of other misstatements resulted in a $13.4 million decrease of working capital and an $11.7 million increase of total equities. The decrease of working capital and increase of total equities related to a $7.5 million increase of dividends and equities payable that had been excluded from the accrual balance as the result of a timing difference and an increased income tax accrual of $5.9 million that resulted from income tax items that had been previously recorded as out of period adjustments in subsequent periods.
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ITEM 7. MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
This Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations ("MD&A") is intended to provide a reader of our financial statements with a narrative from the perspective of management on our financial condition and results of operations, liquidity and certain other factors that may affect our future results. Our MD&A is presented in the following sections:

• | Restatement

• | Overview

• | Business Strategy

• | Fiscal 2018 Highlights

• | Fiscal 2019 Priorities

• | Fiscal 2019 Outlook

• | Results of Operations

• | Liquidity and Capital Resources

• | Off Balance Sheet Financing Arrangements

• | Contractual Obligations

• | Critical Accounting Estimates

• | Effect of Inflation and Foreign Currency Transactions

• | Recent Accounting Pronouncements

Our MD&A should be read in conjunction with the accompanying audited financial statements and notes to those financial statements and the Cautionary Statement regarding forward-looking statements found in Part I, Item 1A of this Annual Report on Form 10-K.
Restatement
The accompanying MD&A gives effect to certain adjustments made to our previously reported consolidated financial statements for the years ended August 31, 2017 and 2016. Due to the restatement of these periods, the data set forth in the accompanying MD&A may not be comparable to discussions and data included in our previously filed Annual Report on Form 10-K for fiscal 2017.
Refer to the "Explanatory Note" immediately preceding Item 1 of this Annual Report on Form 10-K, and Note 2, Restatement of Previously Issued Consolidated Financial Statements and Note 18, Quarterly Financial Information (Unaudited) of the accompanying audited financial statements for further details related to the restatement and its impact on our consolidated financial statements.
Overview
CHS Inc. is a diversified company that provides grain, foods and energy resources to businesses and consumers on a global scale. As a cooperative, we are owned by farmers, ranchers and member cooperatives across the United States. We also have preferred shareholders that own our five series of preferred stock, all of which are listed and traded on the Nasdaq Global Select Market. We operate in the following three reportable segments:

• | Energy - produces and provides primarily for the wholesale distribution and transportation of petroleum products.

• | Ag - purchases and further processes or resells grains and oilseeds originated by our country operations business, by our member cooperatives and by third parties and also serves as a wholesaler and retailer of crop inputs.

• | Nitrogen Production - consists solely of our equity method investment in CF Nitrogen and produces and distributes nitrogen fertilizer, a commodity chemical.

In addition, our financing and hedging operations along with our non-consolidated wheat milling and food production and distribution joint ventures, have been aggregated within Corporate and Other. Prior to its sale on May 4, 2018, our insurance operations were also included within Corporate and Other.
The consolidated financial statements include the accounts of CHS and all of our wholly-owned and majority-owned subsidiaries and limited liability companies. The effects of all significant intercompany transactions have been eliminated.
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Corporate administrative expenses and interest are allocated to each reportable segment, along with Corporate and Other, based on direct usage for services, such as information technology, legal and other factors or considerations relevant to the costs incurred.
Management's Focus. When evaluating our operating performance, management focuses on gross profit and income (loss) before income taxes ("IBIT"). As a company that operates heavily in global commodities, there is significant unpredictability and volatility in pricing, costs and global trade volumes. As such, we focus on managing the margin we can earn and the resulting income before income taxes. Management also focuses on ensuring the strength of the balance sheet through the appropriate management of financial liquidity, leverage, capital allocation and cash flow optimization.
Seasonality. Many of our business activities are highly seasonal and our operating results vary throughout the year. Our revenues and income generally trend lower during the second and fourth fiscal quarters and higher during the first and third fiscal quarters. For example, in our Ag segment, our crop nutrients and country operations businesses generally experience higher volumes and income during the fall harvest and spring planting season, which correspond to our first and third fiscal quarters, respectively. Our grain marketing operations are also subject to fluctuations in volume and earnings based on producer harvests, world grain prices, demand and global trade volumes. Our Energy segment generally experiences higher volumes and profitability in certain operating areas, such as refined products, in the summer and early fall when gasoline and diesel fuel usage by our agricultural producers is highest and is subject to global supply and demand forces. Other energy products, such as propane, also generally experience higher volumes and profitability during the winter heating and fall crop drying seasons. The graphs below depict the seasonality inherent in our business.
* Note that the third quarter of fiscal 2017 was impacted by significant charges that caused IBIT for that period to deviate from historical trends.
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Pricing. Our revenues, assets and cash flows can be significantly affected by global market prices for commodities such as petroleum products, natural gas, grains, oilseed products and crop nutrients. Changes in market prices for commodities that we purchase without a corresponding change in the selling prices of those products can affect revenues and operating earnings. Commodity prices are affected by a wide range of factors beyond our control, including the weather, crop damage due to disease or insects, drought, availability/adequacy of supply of the related commodity, government regulations/policies, world events, global trade disputes and general political/economic conditions.
Business Strategy
Our business strategy is to help our owners grow by maximizing returns and optimizing our various operations to ensure that our core businesses are strategically positioned today and for the future. We are focusing on improving efficiency and, when necessary, disposing of assets that are not strategic and/or do not meet our internal measurement expectations. We are also focused on maintaining financial flexibility by optimizing debt levels and ensuring adequate financial liquidity so we can effectively operate throughout the agriculture and energy economic cycles.
Fiscal 2018 Highlights

• | Throughout fiscal 2018 we experienced higher crack spreads and favorable crude oil discounts that resulted in significantly improved margins and results in our Energy segment.

• | We completed the disposal of certain assets primarily within our Energy segment and Corporate and Other resulting in cash proceeds of approximately $234.9 million and a gain of approximately $131.8 million recognized during the first, second, and third quarters of fiscal 2018. The cash proceeds were used to optimize our debt levels by reducing our need for incremental debt and minimizing existing funded debt.

• | In the second quarter of fiscal 2018, we experienced a significant tax benefit through the revaluation of our U.S. net deferred tax liability resulting from the enactment of the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act of 2017 (the "Tax Act").

Fiscal 2019 Priorities

• | Strengthening and improving our internal control environment.

• | Enhancing owner experience through deeper relationships, including seamless interactions with us through the use of more effective technology solutions.

• | A continued emphasis on sharpening our operational excellence by equipping our employees to develop needed expertise to serve CHS owners, improve processes, adapt to change and embrace diversity.

• | Drive enterprise business growth by focusing on our core businesses, continuing to improve efficiency in all that we do and earning higher market share.

Fiscal 2019 Outlook
Our Ag and Energy businesses operate in cyclical environments. The Energy industry began recovering in fiscal 2018 with higher crack spreads and favorable crude oil discounts that led to higher margins and improved earnings. We expect that these favorable market fundamentals experienced throughout fiscal 2018 will continue to support strong earnings in our Energy business during fiscal 2019. The Ag industry, however, continues to operate in a challenging environment characterized by lower margins, reduced liquidity and increased leverage that have resulted from reduced commodity prices. In addition, trade relations between the United States and foreign trade partners, particularly those that purchase large quantities of agricultural commodities, are strained resulting in unpredictable impacts to commodity prices within the Ag industry now and in the future. We are unable to predict how long the current environment will last or how severe it will ultimately be at this time. As a result, we expect our revenues, margins and cash flows to continue to be under pressure during fiscal 2019.
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Results of Operations
Consolidated Statements of Operations

| For the Years Ended August 31,
|  |  | (As Restated) |  | (As Restated)
| 2018 |  | 2017 |  | 2016
| (Dollars in thousands)
Revenues | $ | 32,683,347 |  |  | $ | 32,037,426 |  |  | $ | 30,355,260 |
Cost of goods sold | 31,589,887 |  |  | 31,142,766 |  |  | 29,386,515 |
Gross profit | 1,093,460 |  |  | 894,660 |  |  | 968,745 |
Marketing, general and administrative | 674,083 |  |  | 612,007 |  |  | 601,266 |
Reserve and impairment charges (recoveries), net | (37,709 | ) |  | 456,679 |  |  | 75,036 |
Operating earnings (loss) | 457,086 |  |  | (174,026 | ) |  | 292,443 |
(Gain) loss on disposal of business | (131,816 | ) |  | 2,190 |  |  | — |
Interest expense | 149,202 |  |  | 171,239 |  |  | 113,704 |
Other (income) loss | (78,015 | ) |  | (99,951 | ) |  | (47,609 | )
Equity (income) loss from investments | (153,515 | ) |  | (137,338 | ) |  | (175,777 | )
Income (loss) before income taxes | 671,230 |  |  | (110,166 | ) |  | 402,125 |
Income tax expense (benefit) | (104,076 | ) |  | (181,124 | ) |  | 19,099 |
Net income (loss) | 775,306 |  |  | 70,958 |  |  | 383,026 |
Net income (loss) attributable to noncontrolling interests | (601 | ) |  | (634 | ) |  | (223 | )
Net income (loss) attributable to CHS Inc. | $ | 775,907 |  |  | $ | 71,592 |  |  | $ | 383,249 |

The charts below detail revenues, net of intersegment revenues, and IBIT by reportable segment for fiscal 2018. Our Nitrogen Production reportable segment represents an equity method investment, and as such records earnings and allocated expenses but not revenue.
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Energy Segment Operating Metrics
Our Energy segment operations primarily include our Laurel, Montana and McPherson, Kansas refineries, which process crude oil to produce refined products, including gasoline, distillates and other products. The following tables provide information about our consolidated refinery operations.

| For the Years Ended August 31,
| 2018 |  | 2017 |  | 2016
Refinery throughput volumes | (Barrels per day)
Heavy, high-sulfur crude oil | 84,339 |  |  | 83,787 |  |  | 64,104 |
All other crude oil | 66,785 |  |  | 69,980 |  |  | 72,115 |
Other feedstocks and blendstocks | 17,713 |  |  | 14,184 |  |  | 16,719 |
Total refinery throughput volumes | 168,837 |  |  | 167,951 |  |  | 152,938 |
Refined fuel yields |  |  |  |  |
Gasolines | 86,115 |  |  | 86,105 |  |  | 79,483 |
Distillates | 65,060 |  |  | 65,738 |  |  | 57,650 |

We are subject to the Renewable Fuels Standard ("RFS"), which requires refiners to blend renewable fuels (e.g., ethanol, biodiesel) into their finished transportation fuels or purchase renewable energy credits, known as Renewable Identification Numbers ("RINs"), in lieu of blending. The Environmental Protection Agency generally establishes new annual renewable fuel percentage standards for each compliance year in the preceding year. We generate RINS under the RFS in our renewable fuels operations and through our blending activities at our terminals; but we cannot generate enough RINs to meet the needs of our refining capacity and RINs must be purchased on the open market. The price of RINs can be volatile and can impact profitability.
In addition to our internal operational reliability, the profitability of our Energy segment is largely driven by crack spreads (e.g., the price differential between refined products and inputs such as crude oil), which are driven by the supply and demand of refined product markets. Crack spreads continued to improve during fiscal 2018 compared to the two prior fiscal years as a result of the tightening supply and demand in the global and North American refined product markets. The table below provides information about the average market reference prices and differentials that impact our Energy segment.

| For the Years Ended August 31,
| 2018 |  | 2017 |  | 2016
Market indicators |  |  |  |  |
West Texas Intermediate (WTI) crude oil (dollars per barrel) | $62.23 |  | $49.03 |  | $41.50
WTI - Western Canadian Select (WCS) crude oil differential (dollars per barrel) | $17.92 |  | $12.90 |  | $14.13
Group 3 2:1:1 crack spread (dollars per barrel)* | $19.08 |  | $14.21 |  | $13.17
Group 3 5:3:2 crack spread (dollars per barrel)* | $18.46 |  | $14.01 |  | $13.10
D6 ethanol RIN (dollars per RIN) | $0.5280 |  | $0.7214 |  | $0.6783
D4 ethanol RIN (dollars per RIN) | $0.7221 |  | $1.0352 |  | $0.7621

* Group 3 refers to the oil refining and distribution system serving the Midwest markets from the Gulf Coast through the Plains States.
Income (Loss) Before Income Taxes by Segment
Energy

| For the Years Ended August 31, |  | 2018 vs. 2017 |  | 2017 vs. 2016
| 2018 |  | (As Restated) 2017 |  | (As Restated) 2016 |  | $ Change |  | % Change |  | $ Change |  | % Change
| (Dollars in thousands)
Income (loss) before income taxes | $ | 452,108 |  |  | $ | 61,118 |  |  | $ | 273,375 |  |  | $ | 390,990 |  |  | 639.7 | % |  | $ | (212,257 | ) |  | (77.6 | )%

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The following table and commentary present the primary reasons for the changes in IBIT for the Energy segment for each of the years ended August 31, 2018, and 2017, compared to the prior year:

|  | 2018 vs. 2017 |  | 2017 vs. 2016
|  | (Dollars in millions)
Volume |  | $ | (8 | ) |  | $ | 15 |
Price |  | 255 |  |  | (99 | )
Transportation, retail and other |  | 60 |  |  | (67 | )
Change in reserves and impairments, net+ |  | 33 |  |  | (33 | )
Non-gross profit related activity+ |  | 51 |  |  | (28 | )
Total change in Energy IBIT |  | $ | 391 |  |  | $ | (212 | )

+ See commentary related to these changes in the marketing, general and administrative expenses, reserve and impairment charges (recoveries), net, (gain) loss on disposal of business, interest expense, other income (loss) and equity (income) loss from investments sections of this Results of Operations.
Comparison of Energy segment IBIT for the years ended August 31, 2018, and 2017
The $391.0 million increase in the Energy segment IBIT for fiscal 2018 reflects the following:

• | Improved market conditions throughout fiscal 2018 in our refined fuels business, mostly due to higher crack spreads and associated higher margins. These benefits were partially offset by planned major maintenance activities at our Laurel, Montana refinery during May 2018 and a reduction of cost of goods sold ("COGS") during fiscal 2017 resulting from the benefit of certain manufacturing changes in our propane business that did not reoccur in fiscal 2018.

• | Gains totaling $65.9 million recorded in other income in connection with the sale of certain assets during the third quarter of fiscal 2018, including the sale of 34 Zip Trip stores located in the Pacific Northwest, United States ("Pacific Northwest") and the sale of the Council Bluffs pipeline and refined fuels terminal in Council Bluffs, Iowa.

• | A benefit of $19.1 million recognized during the third quarter of fiscal 2018 associated with the small refinery exemption for our Laurel, Montana refinery.

• | An impairment charge of $32.7 million was recorded during the third quarter of fiscal 2017 related to the cancellation of a capital project which did not reoccur in fiscal 2018.

Comparison of Energy segment IBIT for the years ended August 31, 2017, and 2016
The $212.3 million decrease in the Energy segment IBIT for fiscal 2017 reflects the following:

• | Significantly reduced margins within refined fuels caused by a down cycle in the energy industry throughout fiscal 2017, which drove prices lower, partially offset by increases in propane margins driven by certain manufacturing changes. The lower margins in our refined fuels business were partially offset by higher demand for energy products, which caused volumes to increase (most significantly in refined fuels).

• | A $32.7 million impairment charge associated with the cancellation of a capital project during the third quarter of fiscal 2017.

• | On November 23, 2016, the EPA released the final renewable fuel mandate for calendar year 2017, and as a result the market price for RINs increased in the first quarter of fiscal 2017.

Ag

| For the Years Ended August 31, |  | 2018 vs. 2017 |  | 2017 vs. 2016
| 2018 |  | (As Restated) 2017 |  | (As Restated) 2016 |  | $ Change |  | % Change |  | $ Change |  | % Change
| (Dollars in thousands)
Income (loss) before income taxes | $ | 74,258 |  |  | $ | (270,161 | ) |  | $ | 15,252 |  |  | $ | 344,419 |  |  | 127.5 | % |  | $ | (285,413 | ) |  | (1,871.3 | )%

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The following table and commentary present the primary reasons for the changes in IBIT for the Ag segment for each of the years ended August 31, 2018, and 2017, compared to the prior year:

|  | 2018 vs. 2017 |  | 2017 vs. 2016
|  | (Dollars in millions)
Volume |  | $ | 3 |  |  | $ | 3 |
Price |  | (83 | ) |  | 74 |
Change in reserves and impairments, net+ |  | 452 |  |  | (441 | )
Non-gross profit related activity+ |  | (28 | ) |  | 79 |
Total change in Ag IBIT |  | $ | 344 |  |  | $ | (285 | )

+ See commentary related to these changes in the marketing, general and administrative expenses, reserve and impairment charges (recoveries), net, (gain) loss on disposal of business, interest expense, other income (loss) and equity (income) loss from investments sections of this Results of Operations.
Comparison of Ag segment IBIT for the years ended August 31, 2018, and 2017
The $344.4 million increase in Ag segment IBIT for fiscal 2018 reflects the following:

• | Significant reserve and impairment charges that were recorded during fiscal 2017, the most significant of which related to charges of $229.4 million recorded during the third quarter of fiscal 2017 in association with a trading partner in our Brazilian operations entering bankruptcy-like proceedings under Brazilian law. These reserve and impairment charges did not reoccur in fiscal 2018.

• | We had previously recorded certain reserves and impairments in fiscal 2017 as disclosed in the reserves and impairment charges (recoveries), net portion of the management discussion and analysis. During fiscal 2018, we were able to recover $37.7 million of these reserves and impairments by receiving higher than expected sale prices on certain assets and insurance proceeds, including $3.8 million during the first quarter of fiscal 2018, $11.3 million during the second quarter of fiscal 2018, $3.8 million during the third quarter of fiscal 2018 and $18.8 million during the fourth quarter of fiscal 2018.

• | Impairments of $26.3 million related to international investments during the fourth quarter of fiscal 2018 that we have exited or are in the process of exiting.

• | Decreased margins across multiple businesses in the Ag segment throughout fiscal 2018, as a result of lower demand and uncertainties primarily associated with international trade, which were partially offset by increased margins within our processing and food ingredients business that have resulted from lower input costs; particularly in the third quarter of fiscal year 2018.

Comparison of Ag segment IBIT for the years ended August 31, 2017, and 2016
The $285.4 million decrease in Ag segment IBIT for fiscal 2017 reflects the following:

• | Grain marketing IBIT decreased primarily due to charges of $229.4 million during the third quarter of fiscal 2017 associated with a trading partner in our Brazilian operations entering bankruptcy-like proceedings under Brazilian law. Grain marketing also experienced impairments within certain international investments of $20.2 million during the fourth quarter of fiscal 2017 due to persistent underperformance, partially offset by slightly higher grain volumes and associated margins.

• | Country operations IBIT decreased primarily due to changes in reserves related to a single producer borrower of $81.0 million along with $30.4 million of long-lived asset impairments, most of which were recorded during the second quarter of fiscal 2017. These impairments were significantly offset by higher grain margins and volumes.

• | A decrease in processing and food ingredients IBIT primarily caused by long-lived asset impairment charges of $80.1 million during the third and fourth quarters of fiscal 2017 that exceeded the prior year's non-recurring bad debt charge related to a specific customer. Higher margins partially offset this decrease.

• | Increased crop nutrients and renewable fuels IBIT, driven primarily by higher volumes and margins.

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All Other Segments

| For the Years Ended August 31, |  | 2018 vs. 2017 |  | 2017 vs. 2016
| 2018 |  | (As Restated) 2017 |  | (As Restated) 2016 |  | $ Change |  | % Change |  | $ Change |  | % Change
| (Dollars in thousands)
Nitrogen Production IBIT* | $ | 38,838 |  |  | $ | 29,741 |  |  | $ | 34,070 |  |  | $ | 9,097 |  |  | 30.6 | % |  | $ | (4,329 | ) |  | (12.7 | )%
Corporate and Other IBIT | $ | 106,026 |  |  | $ | 69,136 |  |  | $ | 79,428 |  |  | $ | 36,890 |  |  | 53.4 | % |  | $ | (10,292 | ) |  | (13.0 | )%

* See Note 5, Investments, of the notes to the consolidated financial statements that are included in this Annual Report on Form 10-K for additional information.
Comparison of All Other Segments IBIT for the years ended August 31, 2018, and 2017
Our Nitrogen Production segment IBIT increase d as a result of significantly higher equity method income throughout fiscal 2018 attributed to increased sale prices of urea and UAN, which are produced and sold by CF Nitrogen. Fiscal 2017 also included a gain of $30.5 million associated with an embedded derivative asset inherent in the agreement relating to our investment in CF Nitrogen, of which $29.1 million was recognized during the first quarter of fiscal 2017. The gain was solely responsible for the income in our Nitrogen Production segment in fiscal 2017 and there was no comparable gain in fiscal 2018. Corporate and Other IBIT increased primarily as a result of the $58.2 million gain recognized on the sale of CHS Insurance during the third quarter of fiscal 2018 which was partially offset by lower earnings from our investments in Ventura Foods and Ardent Mills, and our CHS Capital and CHS Insurance businesses.
Comparison of All Other Segments IBIT for the years ended August 31, 2017, and 2016
Our Nitrogen Production segment IBIT decrease d as a result of lower equity method income caused by downward pressures on the pricing of urea and UAN throughout fiscal 2017. This decrease was partially offset by a gain of $30.5 million in fiscal 2017 associated with an embedded derivative asset inherent in the agreement relating to our investment in CF Nitrogen for which there was no comparable gain in the prior fiscal year, including $29.1 million that was recognized during the first quarter of fiscal 2017. Corporate and Other IBIT decreased due to lower margins resulting from pricing pressure from customers in our investment in Ventura Foods, which was partially offset by improved equity method earnings from our investment in Ardent Mills.
Revenues by Segment
Energy

| For the Years Ended August 31, |  | 2018 vs. 2017 |  | 2017 vs. 2016
| 2018 |  | (As Restated) 2017 |  | (As Restated) 2016 |  | $ Change |  | % Change |  | $ Change |  | % Change
| (Dollars in thousands)
Revenues | $ | 7,589,119 |  |  | $ | 6,227,838 |  |  | $ | 5,408,879 |  |  | $ | 1,361,281 |  |  | 21.9 | % |  | $ | 818,959 |  |  | 15.1 | %

The following table and commentary present the primary reasons for the changes in revenue, net of intersegment revenues, for the Energy segment for each of the years ended August 31, 2018, and 2017, compared to the prior year:

|  | 2018 vs. 2017 |  | 2017 vs. 2016
|  | (Dollars in millions)
Volume |  | $ | (84 | ) |  | $ | 223 |
Price |  | 1,449 |  |  | 622 |
Transportation, retail and other |  | (4 | ) |  | (26 | )
Total change in Energy revenues |  | $ | 1,361 |  |  | $ | 819 |

Comparison of Energy segment revenues for the years ended August 31, 2018, and 2017
The $1.4 billion increase in Energy revenues for fiscal 2018 reflects the following:

• | Refined fuels revenues rose $1.2 billion (24%), primarily driven by an increase in the net average selling price ($1.3 billion), which was partially offset by a decrease in volumes ($51.3 million). The selling price of refined fuels products increased an average of $0.41 (25%) per gallon and sales volumes decreased 1% compared to the previous year.

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• | Propane revenues increased $177.6 million (30%), of which $176.3 million was attributable to a $0.21 (30%) per gallon increase in the net average selling price compared to the prior year, as well as a $1.4 million (0.2%) increase attributable to slightly higher volumes.

Comparison of Energy segment revenues for the years ended August 31, 2017, and 2016
The $819.0 million increase in Energy revenues for fiscal 2017 reflects the following:

• | Refined fuels revenues rose $724.7 million (17%), of which $517.0 million related to an increase in the net average selling price and $207.8 million related to higher sales volumes compared to the prior year. The selling price of refined fuels products increased an average of $0.16 (11%) per gallon, and sales volumes increased 5%, compared to the previous year.

• | Propane revenues increased $112.2 million (24%), of which $105.3 million was attributable to a rise in the net average selling price and $6.9 million was attributable to higher volumes. Propane sales volume increased 1% and the average selling price of propane increased $0.12 (22%) per gallon, when compared to the previous year.

Ag

| For the Years Ended August 31, |  | 2018 vs. 2017 |  | 2017 vs. 2016
| 2018 |  | (As Restated) 2017 |  | (As Restated) 2016 |  | $ Change |  | % Change |  | $ Change |  | % Change
| (Dollars in thousands)
Revenues | $ | 25,037,481 |  |  | $ | 25,718,428 |  |  | $ | 24,856,018 |  |  | $ | (680,947 | ) |  | (2.6 | )% |  | $ | 862,410 |  |  | 3.5 | %

The following table and commentary present the primary reasons for the changes in revenues, net of intersegment revenues, for the Ag segment for each of the years ended August 31, 2018, and 2017, compared to the prior year:

|  | 2018 vs. 2017 |  | 2017 vs. 2016
|  | (Dollars in millions)
Volume |  | $ | (522 | ) |  | $ | 858 |
Price |  | (159 | ) |  | 4 |
Total change in Ag revenues |  | $ | (681 | ) |  | $ | 862 |

Comparison of Ag segment revenues for the years ended August 31, 2018, and 2017
The $680.9 million decrease in Ag segment revenues for fiscal 2018 reflects the following:

• | Grain and oilseed revenues decreased by $757.0 million as a result of a 4% decline in volumes while average sales prices remained flat on a year-over-year basis. The decrease in volumes was primarily due to uncertainty associated with international trade.

• | Renewable fuels revenues decreased $99.9 million as the result of a 9% decline in volumes, which was partially offset by an average sales price increase of 2%. The decrease in volumes was due to lower exports and the higher average sales price was driven by higher prices experienced during the first and second quarters of fiscal 2018.

• | The decreases in grain and oilseed and renewable fuels revenues were partially offset by a $160.4 million increase in crop nutrients revenue. The increased revenues within crop nutrients resulted from an 8% increase in crop nutrient prices and slightly increased volumes. Higher crop nutrient prices were driven by improved market conditions characterized by less oversupply in the market and the increased volumes were primarily the result of supply chain management improvements and improved market conditions compared to the prior year.

• | Increased processing and food ingredients revenues of $8.5 million and increased feed and farm supplies revenue of $7.1 million also partially offset the decreased grain and oilseed and renewable fuels revenues. Processing and food ingredients and feed and farm supplies increased as a result of higher volumes; however, price declines of 13% in processing and food ingredients and 5% in feed and farm supplies offset most of the volume increases.

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Comparison of Ag segment revenues for the years ended August 31, 2017, and 2016
The $862.4 million increase in Ag segment revenues for fiscal 2017 reflects the following:

• | Grain and oilseed revenues increased by $1.4 billion (8%), which was attributable to $612.1 million associated with higher average grain selling prices and an $819.7 million increase in volumes. The increase in volumes was due to the large U.S. crop production, while the rise in average sales price was primarily due to higher spring wheat and soybean prices.

• | Our processing and food ingredients revenues decreased $201.3 million, primarily due to a $181.1 million decline resulting from the prior-year sale of an international location during the third quarter of fiscal 2016 which contributed to the overall decline in volumes of $274.7 million (17%). An average sales price increase of $0.75 (6%) per unit related to processed oilseed commodities helped to partially offset the decreases associated with volume declines.

• | Wholesale crop nutrient revenues decreased $185.2 million due to lower average fertilizer selling prices of $508.4 million, partially offset by higher volumes of $323.2 million. Our wholesale crop nutrient volumes increased 15% and the average sales price of all fertilizers sold reflected a decrease of 21% per ton compared to the prior year. The increase in volumes was due to improved market demand from the prior year as well as supply chain management improvements.

• | Our renewable fuels revenues from our marketing and production operations decreased $7.3 million primarily as the result of 4% lower volumes, partially offset by an increased average sales price of $0.06 (4%) per gallon resulting from market supply and demand forces. The decrease in volumes was due to lower exports.

• | The remaining Ag segment product revenues, related primarily to feed and farm supplies, decreased $175.5 million mainly due to reduced country operations retail sales and a decline in plant food and sunflower pricing. The decreases were partially offset by increases in diesel sold as a result of higher grain movement and a rise in propane sold for home heating and crop drying.

All Other Segments

| For the Years Ended August 31, |  | 2018 vs. 2017 |  | 2017 vs. 2016
| 2018 |  | (As Restated) 2017 |  | (As Restated) 2016 |  | $ Change |  | % Change |  | $ Change |  | % Change
| (Dollars in thousands)
Corporate and Other revenues* | $ | 56,747 |  |  | $ | 91,160 |  |  | $ | 90,363 |  |  | $ | (34,413 | ) |  | (37.8 | )% |  | $ | 797 |  |  | 0.9 | %

* Our Nitrogen Production reportable segment represents an equity method investment, and as such records earnings and allocated expenses, but not revenues.
Comparison of All Other Segments revenues for the years ended August 31, 2018, and 2017
Corporate and Other revenues decreased primarily as a result of the sale of loans receivable during the majority of fiscal 2018 within the CHS Capital business, as well as the sale of CHS Insurance in May 2018.
Comparison of All Other Segments revenues for the years ended August 31, 2017, and 2016
There were no significant changes to Corporate and Other revenues during fiscal 2017.
Cost of Goods Sold by Segment
Energy

| For the Years Ended August 31, |  | 2018 vs. 2017 |  | 2017 vs. 2016
| 2018 |  | (As Restated) 2017 |  | (As Restated) 2016 |  | $ Change |  | % Change |  | $ Change |  | % Change
| (Dollars in thousands)
Cost of goods sold | $ | 7,031,000 |  |  | $ | 5,977,123 |  |  | $ | 5,007,080 |  |  | $ | 1,053,877 |  |  | 17.6 | % |  | $ | 970,043 |  |  | 19.4 | %

The following table and commentary present the primary reasons for the changes in COGS for the Energy segment, net of intercompany COGS, for each of the years ended August 31, 2018, and 2017, compared to the prior year:
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|  | 2018 vs. 2017 |  | 2017 vs. 2016
|  | (Dollars in millions)
Volume |  | $ | (76 | ) |  | $ | 208 |
Price |  | 1,194 |  |  | 721 |
Transportation, retail and other |  | (64 | ) |  | 41 |
Total change in Energy cost of goods sold |  | $ | 1,054 |  |  | $ | 970 |

Comparison of Energy segment COGS for the years ended August 31, 2018, and 2017
The $1.1 billion increase in Energy segment COGS for fiscal 2018 reflects the following:

• | Refined fuels COGS increased $931.2 million (19%), which reflects a $0.32 (20%) per gallon rise in the average cost of refined fuels offset by a 1% volume decrease.

• | The $211.3 million (37%) increase in propane COGS was attributable to an increase in average cost of $0.25 (37%) per gallon and slightly increased volumes (0.2%). The increase in average cost was partially due to the benefit of certain manufacturing changes in fiscal 2017 that did not reoccur in fiscal 2018 that had reduced COGS by $33.9 million in fiscal 2017.

Comparison of Energy segment COGS for the years ended August 31, 2017, and 2016
The $970.0 million increase in Energy segment COGS for fiscal 2017 reflects the following:

• | Refined fuels COGS increased $814.3 million (20%), which reflects a $0.20 (15%) per gallon rise in the average cost of refined fuels and a 5% volume increase.

• | The increase in propane COGS of $106.4 million was attributable to a 1% rise in volumes and an increase in average cost of $0.12 (21%) per gallon. These increases were partially offset by certain manufacturing changes that reduced COGS by $33.9 million.

Ag

| For the Years Ended August 31, |  | 2018 vs. 2017 |  | 2017 vs. 2016
| 2018 |  | (As Restated) 2017 |  | (As Restated) 2016 |  | $ Change |  | % Change |  | $ Change |  | % Change
| (Dollars in thousands)
Cost of goods sold | $ | 24,560,854 |  |  | $ | 25,161,821 |  |  | $ | 24,376,782 |  |  | $ | (600,967 | ) |  | (2.4 | )% |  | $ | 785,039 |  |  | 3.2 | %

The following table and commentary present the primary reasons for the changes in COGS for the Ag segment, net of intercompany COGS, for each of the years ended August 31, 2018, and 2017, compared to the prior year:

|  | 2018 vs. 2017 |  | 2017 vs. 2016
|  | (Dollars in millions)
Volume |  | $ | (524 | ) |  | $ | 855 |
Price |  | (77 | ) |  | (70 | )
Total change in Ag cost of goods sold |  | $ | (601 | ) |  | $ | 785 |

Comparison of Ag segment COGS for the years ended August 31, 2018, and 2017
The $601.0 million decrease in Ag segment COGS for fiscal 2018 reflects the following:

• | Grain and oilseed COGS decreased by $683.6 million as a result of a 4% decline in volumes with average costs remaining flat on a year-over-year basis. The decrease in volumes was primarily due to uncertainty associated with international trade.

• | Renewable fuels COGS decreased by $85.7 million as the result of a 9% decline in volumes, which was partially offset by increased average costs of 3%. The decrease in volumes was due to lower exports and the higher average cost was driven by higher input costs.

• | Processing and food ingredients COGS decreased by $12.5 million as the result of decreased average costs of 14%, which was partially offset by a 15% increase in volumes. The decreased costs resulted from lower input prices, primarily soybeans, and increased volumes were the result of operational improvements following the disposal of certain facilities and improved market conditions from the prior year.

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• | The decreases in grain and oilseed, renewable fuels, and processing and food ingredients COGS were partially offset by a $171.0 million increase in crop nutrients COGS and a $9.8 million increase of feed and farm supplies COGS. The increased COGS in crop nutrients was primarily the result of improved market conditions leading to price increases in the fertilizer market and the increased COGS for feed and farm supplies was the result of higher volumes.

Comparison of Ag segment COGS for the years ended August 31, 2017, and 2016
The $785.0 million increase in Ag segment COGS for fiscal 2017 reflects the following:

• | The costs of grains and oilseed procured through our Ag segment increased $1.4 billion (8%). The majority of the increase was driven by a 5% increase in volumes and a 3% increase in average cost per bushel, resulting in increased COGS of $811.3 million and $570.7 million, respectively. The average per bushel month-end market price of soybeans and spring wheat increased, while corn decreased slightly compared to the prior year. The increase in volumes was due to a large U.S. crop production.

• | Processing and food ingredients COGS decreased $174.2 million (12%) and is comprised of $264.2 million in lower volumes, partially offset by a $90.0 million higher average cost of oilseeds purchased for further processing. The volume decline was driven by a $178.5 million decline due to the sale of an international location in the prior year.

• | Wholesale crop nutrients COGS decreased by $223.5 million (10%), caused primarily by a decline of 22% in average cost per ton of product. The price decline was partially offset by increased volumes of 15%. The increase in volumes and decrease in the prices paid for goods were due to better market conditions compared to the prior year, as well as efficiencies in supply chain management.

• | Renewable fuels COGS decreased $9.8 million (1%) resulting from a volume decline of 4%, which was partially offset by an increase in the average cost per gallon of $0.06 (4%).

• | The remaining Ag segment product COGS, primarily feed and farm supplies, decreased $189.5 million due to a reduction in retail sales and the purchase price of plant food and sunflower.

All Other Segments

| For the Years Ended August 31, |  | 2018 vs. 2017 |  | 2017 vs. 2016
| 2018 |  | (As Restated) 2017 |  | (As Restated) 2016 |  | $ Change |  | % Change |  | $ Change |  | % Change
| (Dollars in thousands)
Nitrogen Production COGS | $ | 1,340 |  |  | $ | (538 | ) |  | $ | 2,222 |  |  | $ | 1,878 |  |  | NM* |  | $ | (2,760 | ) |  | NM*
Corporate and Other COGS | $ | (3,307 | ) |  | $ | 4,360 |  |  | $ | 431 |  |  | $ | (7,667 | ) |  | NM* |  | $ | 3,929 |  |  | NM*

*NM - Not Meaningful
Comparison of All Other Segments COGS for the years ended August 31, 2018, and 2017
There were no significant changes to COGS for our Nitrogen Production segment or Corporate and Other during fiscal 2018.
Comparison of All Other Segments COGS for the years ended August 31, 2017, and 2016
There were no significant changes to COGS for our Nitrogen Production segment or Corporate and Other during fiscal 2017.
Marketing, General and Administrative Expenses

| For the Years Ended August 31, |  | 2018 vs. 2017 |  | 2017 vs. 2016
| 2018 |  | (As Restated) 2017 |  | (As Restated) 2016 |  | $ Change |  | % Change |  | $ Change |  | % Change
| (Dollars in thousands)
Marketing, general and administrative expenses | $ | 674,083 |  |  | $ | 612,007 |  |  | $ | 601,266 |  |  | $ | 62,076 |  |  | 10.1 | % |  | $ | 10,741 |  |  | 1.8 | %

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Comparison of marketing, general and administrative expenses for the years ended August 31, 2018, and 2017
The $62.1 million increase in marketing, general and administrative expenses for fiscal 2018 relates primarily to higher compensation expense associated with annual incentive-based compensation resulting from fiscal 2018 results and increased outside service expenses.
Comparison of marketing, general and administrative expenses for the years ended August 31, 2017, and 2016
The $10.7 million increase in marketing, general and administrative expenses for fiscal 2017 reflects higher compensation expense, including incentive compensation expense and separation expenses associated with the departure of our former chief executive officer, which was partially offset by decreases in foreign currency exchange expenses and management focus on cost containment.
Reserve and Impairment Charges (Recoveries), Net

| For the Years Ended August 31, |  | 2018 vs. 2017 |  | 2017 vs. 2016
| 2018 |  | (As Restated) 2017 |  | (As Restated) 2016 |  | $ Change |  | % Change |  | $ Change |  | % Change
| (Dollars in thousands)
Reserve and impairment charges (recoveries), net | $ | (37,709 | ) |  | $ | 456,679 |  |  | $ | 75,036 |  |  | $ | (494,388 | ) |  | (108.3 | )% |  | $ | 381,643 |  |  | 508.6 | %

Comparison of reserve and impairment charges (recoveries), net for the years ended August 31, 2018, and 2017
The $494.4 million decrease in reserve and impairment charges (recoveries), net primarily reflects the following:

• | Reserves of approximately $229.4 million related to a Brazil trading partner in our Ag segment entering bankruptcy-like proceedings under Brazilian law that were recorded during the third quarter of fiscal 2017 which did not reoccur in fiscal 2018.

• | An impairment charge of $32.7 million during the third quarter of fiscal 2017 associated with the cancellation of a capital project in our Energy segment and $110.6 million associated with the impairment of long-lived assets and goodwill in our Ag segment in fiscal 2017, neither of which reoccurred in fiscal 2018.

• | Subsequent to fiscal 2017, we were able to recover $37.7 million of impairment charges that had been recorded by receiving higher than expected sale prices on certain assets and insurance proceeds.

• | The remaining decrease is mostly attributed to loan losses and accounts receivable reserve expense primarily related to a single producer borrower recorded during fiscal 2017 which did not reoccur in fiscal 2018.

Comparison of reserve and impairment charges (recoveries), net for the years ended August 31, 2017, and 2016
The $381.6 million increase in reserve and impairment charges (recoveries), net primarily reflects the following:

• | A Brazil trading partner in our Ag segment entering into bankruptcy-like proceedings under Brazilian law during the third quarter of fiscal 2017, which resulted in charges of $229.4 million.

• | An impairment charge in our Energy segment of $32.7 million associated with the cancellation of a capital project during the third quarter of fiscal 2017.

• | Impairment charges of $110.6 million related to the impairment of long-lived assets and goodwill in our Ag segment during fiscal 2017.

• | The loan loss reserve expense in our Ag segment specific to a single producer borrower increased $81.0 million when compared to fiscal 2016.

• | These increases were partially offset by decreases in bad debt expense related to other domestic and international areas of the business when compared to fiscal 2016.

Gain (Loss) on Disposal of Business

| For the Years Ended August 31, |  | 2018 vs. 2017 |  | 2017 vs. 2016
| 2018 |  | (As Restated) 2017 |  | (As Restated) 2016 |  | $ Change |  | % Change |  | $ Change |  | % Change
| (Dollars in thousands)
Gain (loss) on disposal of business | $ | 131,816 |  |  | $ | (2,190 | ) |  | — |  |  | $ | 134,006 |  |  | NM* |  | $ | (2,190 | ) |  | NM*

*NM - Not Meaningful
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Comparison of (gain) loss on disposal of business for the years ended August 31, 2018, and 2017
The increase in gain (loss) on disposal of business is primarily attributable to gains recognized on the sale of certain assets during the third quarter of fiscal 2018, including a $65.9 million gain in our Energy segment associated with the sale of 34 Zip Trip stores located in the Pacific Northwest and the sale of the Council Bluffs pipeline and refined fuels terminal in Council Bluffs, Iowa, and a $58.2 million gain in Corporate and Other associated with the sale of CHS Insurance.
Interest Expense

| For the Years Ended August 31, |  | 2018 vs. 2017 |  | 2017 vs. 2016
| 2018 |  | (As Restated) 2017 |  | (As Restated) 2016 |  | $ Change |  | % Change |  | $ Change |  | % Change
| (Dollars in thousands)
Interest expense | $ | 149,202 |  |  | $ | 171,239 |  |  | $ | 113,704 |  |  | $ | (22,037 | ) |  | (12.9 | )% |  | $ | 57,535 |  |  | 50.6 | %

Comparison of interest expense for the years ended August 31, 2018, and 2017
The $22.0 million decrease in interest expense for fiscal 2018 was due to lower interest expense associated with lower long-term debt balances during the fourth quarter of fiscal 2018.
Comparison of interest expense for the years ended August 31, 2017, and 2016
The $57.5 million increase in interest expense for fiscal 2017 was due to higher interest expense of $34.1 million associated with higher debt balances, as well as lower capitalized interest of $23.4 million associated with our ongoing capital projects.
Other Income (Loss)

| For the Years Ended August 31, |  | 2018 vs. 2017 |  | 2017 vs. 2016
| 2018 |  | (As Restated) 2017 |  | (As Restated) 2016 |  | $ Change |  | % Change |  | $ Change |  | % Change
| (Dollars in thousands)
Other income (loss) | $ | 78,015 |  |  | $ | 99,951 |  |  | $ | 47,609 |  |  | $ | (21,936 | ) |  | (21.9 | )% |  | $ | 52,342 |  |  | 109.9 | %

Comparison of other income (loss) for the years ended August 31, 2018, and 2017
The $21.9 million decrease in other income (loss) for fiscal 2018 primarily reflects the following:

• | A gain of $30.5 million recorded during fiscal 2017 associated with an embedded derivative within the contract relating to our strategic investment in CF Nitrogen that did not reoccur during fiscal 2018. See Note 13, Derivative Financial Instruments and Hedging Activities, of the notes to the consolidated financial statements that are included in this Annual Report on Form 10-K for additional information.

• | The decrease associated with the embedded derivative was partially offset by increased interest income due to higher interest rates and other non-operating activity.

Comparison of other income (loss) for the years ended August 31, 2017, and 2016
The $52.3 million increase in other income (loss) for fiscal 2017 primarily reflects the following:

• | Higher financing fees earned by us which are associated with various customer activities and receivables totaling $27.8 million.

• | A gain of $30.5 million recorded in association with an embedded derivative within the contract relating to our strategic investment in CF Nitrogen, of which $29.1 million was recognized during the first quarter of fiscal 2017.

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Equity Income (Loss) from Investments

| For the Years Ended August 31, |  | 2018 vs. 2017 |  | 2017 vs. 2016
| 2018 |  | (As Restated) 2017 |  | (As Restated) 2016 |  | $ Change |  | % Change |  | $ Change |  | % Change
| (Dollars in thousands)
Equity income (loss) from investments* | $ | 153,515 |  |  | $ | 137,338 |  |  | $ | 175,777 |  |  | $ | 16,177 |  |  | 11.8 | % |  | $ | (38,439 | ) |  | (21.9 | )%

* See Note 5, Investments, of the notes to the consolidated financial statements that are included in this Annual Report on Form 10-K for additional information.
Comparison of equity income (loss) from investments for the years ended August 31, 2018, and 2017
Equity income (loss) from investments for fiscal 2018 increase d primarily due to higher equity income recognized from our equity method investment in CF Nitrogen caused by higher margins, which was partially offset by lower equity income recognized from our equity method investments in Ventura Foods, Ardent Mills and other equity method investments.
Comparison of equity income (loss) from investments for the years ended August 31, 2017, and 2016
Equity income (loss) from investments for fiscal 2017 decrease d primarily due to lower equity income recognized from our equity method investments in Ventura Foods and CF Nitrogen caused by lower margins, which was partially offset by higher equity income recognized from our equity method investments in TEMCO and Ardent Mills. We also recorded $20.2 million of impairments related to international investments as a result of continued downward pressures in the agricultural markets.
Income Tax Benefit (Expense)

| For the Years Ended August 31, |  | 2018 vs. 2017 |  | 2017 vs. 2016
| 2018 |  | (As Restated) 2017 |  | (As Restated) 2016 |  | $ Change |  | % Change |  | $ Change |  | % Change
| (Dollars in thousands)
Income tax benefit (expense) | $ | 104,076 |  |  | $ | 181,124 |  |  | $ | (19,099 | ) |  | $ | (77,048 | ) |  | (42.5 | )% |  | $ | 200,223 |  |  | (1,048.3 | )%

Comparison of income taxes for the years ended August 31, 2018, and 2017
The decrease in income tax benefit was primarily due to incremental tax benefits recognized during fiscal 2017 that did not reoccur during fiscal 2018, including the recognition of deferred tax benefits related to the issuance of non-qualified equity certificates in fiscal 2013 and 2014, a tax benefit for retaining a significant portion of the Domestic Production Activities Deduction ("DPAD") and the bad debt deduction in our U.S. tax returns related to the performance of guarantees caused by the loss related to a Brazilian trading partner entering into bankruptcy-like proceedings under Brazilian law. The decrease was partially offset by income tax benefits recognized during fiscal 2018, primarily including the revaluation of our net deferred tax liability resulting from the Tax Act enacted on December 22, 2017, the intercompany transfer of a business on December 1, 2017, and retaining a significant portion of the DPAD. The revaluation performed related to the Tax Act is considered a provisional estimate and could be subject to change. The federal and state statutory rate applied to nonpatronage business activity was 29.3% and 38.4% for the years ended August 31, 2018, and 2017, respectively. The income taxes and effective tax rates vary each year based upon profitability and nonpatronage business activity during each of the comparable years.
Comparison of income taxes for the years ended August 31, 2017, and 2016
During fiscal 2017, we had an increase in income tax benefit when compared to fiscal 2016, which was primarily due to the recognition of deferred tax benefits related to the issuance of non-qualified equity certificates in fiscal 2013 and 2014, a tax benefit in fiscal 2017 from retaining a significant portion of the DPAD and the bad debt deduction in our U.S. tax returns related to the performance of guarantees caused by an approximate $229.4 million loss related to a Brazilian trading partner entering into bankruptcy-like proceedings under Brazilian law. The fiscal 2016 income tax benefit related to an appeals settlement with the Internal Revenue Service did not reoccur in fiscal 2017. The federal and state statutory rate applied to nonpatronage business activity was 38.4% and 38.3% for the years ended August 31, 2017, and 2016, respectively. The income taxes and effective tax rate vary each year based upon profitability and nonpatronage business activity during each of the comparable years with the fiscal 2017 income tax benefit being unusually large in comparison to income before income taxes.
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Liquidity and Capital Resources
Summary
In assessing our financial condition, we consider factors such as working capital and internal benchmarking related to our applicable covenants and other financial criteria. We fund our operations primarily through a combination of cash flows from operations supplemented with borrowings under our revolving credit facilities. We fund our capital expenditures and growth primarily through cash, operating cash flow and long-term debt financing.
On August 31, 2018, and 2017, we had working capital, defined as current assets less current liabilities, of $759.0 million and $148.6 million, respectively. The increase in working capital was driven primarily by increases in our accounts receivable, inventory and cash and cash equivalents that were funded out of operating and investing cash flow. Our current ratio, defined as current assets divided by current liabilities, was 1.1 and 1.0 as of August 31, 2018, and 2017, respectively. Working capital and the current ratio may not be computed the same as similarly titled measures used by other companies. We believe this information is meaningful to investors as a measure of operational efficiency and short-term financial health.
As of August 31, 2018, we had cash and cash equivalents of $450.6 million, total equities of $8.2 billion, long-term debt. including current maturities of $1.9 billion and notes payable of $2.3 billion. Our capital allocation priorities include paying our dividends, maintaining the safety and compliance of our operations, returning cash to our member-owners in the form of cash patronage and equity redemptions, paying down debt and taking advantage of strategic opportunities that benefit our owners. We will continue to consider opportunities to further diversify and enhance our sources and amounts of liquidity. These opportunities include reducing operating expenses, deploying and/or financing working capital more efficiently and identifying and disposing of nonstrategic or underperforming assets. We believe that cash generated by operating and investing activities, along with available borrowing capacity under our credit facilities, will be sufficient to support our operations for the foreseeable future and we expect to remain in compliance with our loan covenants.
Fiscal 2018 and 2017 Activity
During fiscal 2018, we completed the disposal of certain assets within our Ag and Energy segments as well as within Corporate and Other resulting in cash proceeds of $234.9 million and a corresponding gain of $131.8 million. The cash proceeds were used to optimize our debt levels by reducing our need for incremental debt, minimizing existing funded debt and funding a total of approximately $160 million in loan guarantees to our Brazilian operations as a result of losses caused by a trading partner of ours in Brazil entering into bankruptcy-like proceedings under Brazilian law.
On June 28, 2018, we amended an existing receivables and loans securitization facility (“Securitization Facility”) with certain unaffiliated financial institutions (the "Purchasers"). Under the Securitization Facility, we and certain of our subsidiaries sell trade accounts and notes receivable (the “Receivables”) to Cofina Funding, LLC (“Cofina”), a wholly-owned bankruptcy-remote indirect subsidiary of CHS. Cofina in turn transfers the Receivables to the Purchasers, which is accounted for as a secured borrowing. During the period from July 2017 through the amendment of the Securitization Facility in June 2018, CHS accounted for Receivables sold under the Securitization Facility as a sale of financial assets pursuant to Accounting Standards Codification 860, Transfers and Servicing, and the Receivables sold were derecognized from our Consolidated Balance Sheets. We use the proceeds from the sale of Receivables under the Securitization Facility for general corporate purposes and settlements are made on a monthly basis. The Securitization Facility terminates on June 17, 2019, but may be extended.
The amount available under the Securitization Facility fluctuates over time based on the total amount of eligible Receivables generated during the normal course of business, with maximum availability of $700.0 million. As of August 31, 2018, and 2017, the total availability under the Securitization Facility was $645.0 million and $618.0 million, respectively, of which all had been utilized.
Cash Flows

| For the Years Ended August 31, |  | 2018 vs. 2017 |  | 2017 vs. 2016
| 2018 |  | (As Restated) 2017 |  | (As Restated) 2016 |  | $ Change |  | % Change |  | $ Change |  | % Change
| (Dollars in thousands)
Net cash provided by (used in) operating activities | $ | 1,072,068 |  |  | $ | 919,118 |  |  | $ | 1,260,554 |  |  | $ | 152,950 |  |  | 16.6 | % |  | $ | (341,436 | ) |  | (27.1 | )%
Net cash provided by (used in) investing activities | (79,524 | ) |  | (405,041 | ) |  | (3,746,971 | ) |  | 325,517 |  |  | 80.4 | % |  | 3,341,930 |  |  | 89.2 | %
Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities | (732,170 | ) |  | (618,258 | ) |  | 1,814,196 |  |  | (113,912 | ) |  | (18.4 | )% |  | (2,432,454 | ) |  | (134.1 | )%
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash and cash equivalents | 8,864 |  |  | (4,713 | ) |  | (5,223 | ) |  | 13,577 |  |  | 288.1 | % |  | 510 |  |  | 9.8 | %
Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents | $ | 269,238 |  |  | $ | (108,894 | ) |  | $ | (677,444 | ) |  | $ | 378,132 |  |  | 347.2 | % |  | $ | 568,550 |  |  | 83.9 | %

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Fiscal Year 2018 Compared to Fiscal Year 2017
The $153.0 million increase in cash provided by operating activities reflects cash generated through working capital efficiencies, including improvements in inventory positions and collection efforts for accounts and notes receivable. Net cash provided by operating activities was also higher for the year due to higher net income, including adjustments for non-cash items.
The $325.5 million increase in cash from investing activities for fiscal 2018 reflects the following:

• | Proceeds of $234.9 million from the sale of certain North American businesses/assets primarily during the three months ended May 31, 2018, in our Ag and Energy segments and our insurance business reported in Corporate and Other. The proceeds received were partially used to reduce long-term debt.

• | Proceeds of $91.2 million from the sale of property, plant, and equipment, including $54.7 million related to the sale of our corporate office building in Inver Grove Heights, Minnesota in the first quarter of fiscal 2018 which was subsequently leased back to us. The proceeds received were used to reduce our long-term debt.

Cash from financing activities for fiscal 2018 decrease d $113.9 million, primarily due to the following:

• | Increased payments, net of borrowings, on lines of credit and long-term borrowings as part of our focus to manage financial leverage and liquidity optimization.

• | The decrease above was partially offset by the authorization to not distribute cash patronage during the fiscal year.

Fiscal Year 2017 Compared to Fiscal Year 2016
Cash from operating activities for fiscal 2017 decreased $341.4 million, primarily due to the following:

• | Increases in inventory resulting from increased commodity prices and volumes on hand. On August 31, 2017, the per bushel market prices of two of our primary grain commodities, spring wheat and corn, increased by $1.33 (27%) and $0.41 (14%), respectively, when compared to the spot prices on August 31, 2016. The per bushel market price of our third primary commodity, soybeans, decreased by $0.24 (2%) when compared to the spot price on August 31, 2016. In general, crude oil market prices increased $2.53 (6%) per barrel on August 31, 2017, when compared to August 31, 2016. Partially offsetting grain prices, fertilizer commodity prices affecting our wholesale crop nutrients and country operations retail businesses reflected decreases of up to 14%, depending on the specific products, compared to prices on August 31, 2016.

• | Lower net income due to increased reserve and impairment charges within our Ag and Energy segments.

The $3.3 billion increase in cash from investing activities for fiscal 2017 reflects the following:

• | Our $2.8 billion investment in CF Nitrogen completed in fiscal 2016 which didn't reoccur in fiscal 2017.

• | Reduced acquisitions of property, plant and equipment and other business acquisitions. The significant decrease in acquisitions of property, plant and equipment was primarily related to our plan to reduce our capital investments to allow us to actively reduce our funded debt obligations.

• | Net cash proceeds of $7.9 million related to the sale of Receivables associated with the Securitization Facility.

Cash from financing activities for fiscal 2017 decreased $2.4 billion, primarily due to the following:

• | Proceeds from issuances of debt instruments related primarily to the financing of the CF Nitrogen investment in fiscal 2016 which didn't reoccur in fiscal 2017.

• | The decrease above was partially offset by reduced payments of cash patronage in fiscal 2017 and the final contingent payment of the noncontrolling interest in CHS McPherson Refinery Inc. ("CHS McPherson") made in fiscal 2016.

Future Uses of Cash
We expect to utilize cash and cash equivalents, along with cash generated by operating activities, to fund capital expenditures, major repairs, debt and interest payments, preferred stock dividends, patronage and equity redemptions. The following is a summary of our primary cash requirements for fiscal 2019:

• | Capital expenditures. We expect total capital expenditures for fiscal 2019 to be approximately $515.0 million, compared to capital expenditures of $355.4 million in fiscal 2018. Included in that amount for fiscal 2019 is approximately $151.0 million for the acquisition of property, plant and equipment at our Laurel, Montana and McPherson, Kansas refineries.

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• | Major repairs. Refineries have planned major maintenance to overhaul, repair, inspect and replace process materials and equipment (referred to as "turnaround") which typically occur for a five-to-six-week period every 2-4 years. Our McPherson, Kansas refinery has planned maintenance scheduled for fiscal 2019 for approximately $177.0 million. We paid $80.5 million for major repairs, primarily at our Laurel, Montana refinery in fiscal 2018.

• | Debt and interest. We expect to repay approximately $168 million of long-term debt and capital lease obligations and incur interest payments related to long-term debt of approximately $83.0 million during fiscal 2019.

• | Preferred stock dividends. We had approximately $2.3 billion of preferred stock outstanding at August 31, 2018. We expect to pay dividends on our preferred stock of approximately $168.7 million during fiscal 2019.

• | Patronage. Our Board of Directors authorized approximately $75.0 million of our fiscal 2018 patronage sourced earnings to be paid to our member owners during fiscal 2019.

• | Equity redemptions. We expect total redemptions of approximately $79.0 million to be distributed in fiscal 2019 and to be in the form of redemptions of qualified and non-qualified equity owned by individual producer members and associations. This amount includes approximately $4.0 million of authorized redemptions from fiscal 2018 to be paid in fiscal 2019.

Future Sources of Cash
We fund our current operations primarily through a combination of cash flows from operations and committed and uncommitted revolving credit facilities, including our Securitization Facility. We believe these sources will provide adequate liquidity to meet our working capital needs. We fund certain of our long-term capital needs, primarily those related to acquisitions of property, plant and equipment from cash flows from operations and by issuing privately placed long-term debt and term loans. In addition, our wholly-owned subsidiary, CHS Capital, makes loans to member cooperatives, businesses and individual producers of agricultural products included in our cash flows from investing activities, and has financing sources as detailed below in CHS Capital Financing.
Working Capital Financing
We finance our working capital needs through committed and uncommitted lines of credit with domestic and international banks. We believe our current cash balances and our available capacity on our committed lines of credit will provide adequate liquidity to meet our working capital needs. The following table summarizes our primary lines of credit as of August 31, 2018, and 2017:

Primary Revolving Credit Facilities |  | Maturities |  | Total Capacity |  | Borrowings Outstanding |  | Interest Rates
|  |  |  | 2018 |  | 2018 |  | 2017 |  |
|  |  |  | (Dollars in thousands) |  |
Committed Five-Year Unsecured Facility |  | 2021 |  | $ | 3,000,000 |  |  | $— |  | $480,000 |  | LIBOR or Base Rate +0.00% to 1.45%
Uncommitted Bilateral Facilities |  | 2019 |  | 515,000 |  |  | 515,000 |  | 350,000 |  | LIBOR or Base Rate +0.00% to 1.20%

In addition to our primary revolving lines of credit, we have a three-year $315.0 million committed revolving pre-export credit facility for CHS Agronegocio Industria e Comercio Ltda ("CHS Agronegocio"), our wholly-owned subsidiary in Brazil. CHS Agronegocio uses the facility, which expires in April 2020, to finance its working capital needs related to its purchases and sales of grains, fertilizers and other agricultural products. As of August 31, 2018, the outstanding balance under the facility was $181.1 million.
As of August 31, 2018, in addition to our uncommitted bilateral facilities above, our wholly-owned subsidiaries, CHS Europe S.a.r.l and CHS Agronegocio, had uncommitted lines of credit with $454.1 million outstanding. In addition, our other international subsidiaries had total lines of credit outstanding of $279.4 million as of August 31, 2018, of which $40.5 million was collateralized.
On August 31, 2018, and 2017, we had total short-term indebtedness outstanding on these various primary and other facilities, as well as other miscellaneous short-term notes payable, in the amount of $1.4 billion and $1.7 billion, respectively.
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Long-term Debt Financing
The following table presents summarized long-term debt data for the years ended August 31, 2018, and 2017.

| For the Years Ended August 31,
| 2018 |  | 2017
| (Dollars in thousands)
Private placement debt | $ | 1,510,547 |  |  | $ | 1,643,886 |
Bank financing | 366,000 |  |  | 445,000 |
Capital lease obligations | 25,280 |  |  | 33,075 |
Other notes and contract payable | 32,607 |  |  | 62,652 |
Deferred financing costs | (4,179 | ) |  | (4,820 | )
| $ | 1,930,255 |  |  | $ | 2,179,793 |

Long-term debt outstanding as of August 31, 2018, has aggregate maturities, excluding fair value adjustments and capital leases, as follows:

| (Dollars in thousands)
2019 | $ | 162,846 |
2020 | 30,671 |
2021 | 182,472 |
2022 | 65 |
2023 | 282,065 |
Thereafter | 1,260,570 |
| $ | 1,918,689 |

See Note 8, Notes Payable and Long-Term Debt, of the notes to consolidated financial statements that are included in this Annual Report on Form 10-K for additional information.
CHS Capital Financing
For a description of the Securitization Facility, see above in Fiscal 2018 and 2017 activity.
CHS Capital has available credit under master participation agreements with several counterparties. Borrowings under these agreements are accounted for as secured borrowings and bear interest at variable rates ranging from 2.22% to 3.72% as of August 31, 2018. As of August 31, 2018, the total funding commitment under these agreements was $36.0 million, of which $6.3 million was borrowed.
CHS Capital sells loan commitments it has originated to ProPartners Financial ("ProPartners") on a recourse basis. The total outstanding commitments under the program were $180.9 million as of August 31, 2018, of which $98.3 million was borrowed under these commitments with an interest rate of 3.22%.
CHS Capital borrows funds under short-term notes issued as part of a surplus funds program. Borrowings under this program are unsecured and bear interest at variable rates ranging from 0.10% to 1.40% as of August 31, 2018, and are due upon demand. Borrowings under these notes totaled $69.3 million as of August 31, 2018.
Covenants
Our long-term debt is unsecured; however, restrictive covenants under various debt agreements require the maintenance of minimum consolidated net worth and other financial ratios. We were in compliance with all debt covenants and restrictions as of August 31, 2018. Based on our current 2019 projections, we expect continued covenant compliance.
In September 2015, we amended all outstanding private placement notes to conform the financial covenants applicable thereto to those of our amended and restated five-year, unsecured, revolving credit facility. The amended notes provide that if our ratio of consolidated funded debt to consolidated cash flow is greater than 3.0 to 1.0, the interest rate on all outstanding notes will be increased by 0.25% until the ratio becomes 3.0 or less. During both fiscal 2018 and 2017, our ratio of funded debt to consolidated cash flow remained below 3.0 to 1.0.
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Patronage and Equity Redemptions
In accordance with our bylaws and upon approval by our Board of Directors, annual net earnings from patronage sources are distributed to consenting patrons following the close of each fiscal year. For the year ended August 31, 2018, our Board of Directors authorized distributions of $420.3 million, with qualified cash distributions of $75.0 million and non-qualified equity distributions of $345.3 million. For the year ended August 31, 2017, our Board of Directors authorized only non-qualified distributions, with no cash patronage. For the years ended August 31, 2016, and 2015, the cash portion of the qualified distributions was deemed by our Board of Directors to be 40%.
The following table presents estimated patronage data for the year ending August 31, 2019, and actual patronage data for the years ended August 31, 2018, 2017, and 2016:

| 2019 |  | 2018 |  | 2017 |  | 2016
| (Dollars in millions)
Patronage Distributed in Cash | $ | 75.0 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 103.9 |  |  | $ | 251.7 |
Patronage Distributed in Equity | 345.3 |  |  | 128.8 |  |  | 153.6 |  |  | 375.5 |
Total Patronage Distributed | $ | 420.3 |  |  | $ | 128.8 |  |  | $ | 257.5 |  |  | $ | 627.2 |

In accordance with authorization from our Board of Directors, we expect total redemptions related to the year ended August 31, 2018, that will be distributed in fiscal 2019, to be approximately $75.0 million. These redemptions are classified as a current liability on the August 31, 2018, Consolidated Balance Sheet.
Other Financing
On March 30, 2017, we issued 695,390 shares of Class B Series 1 Preferred Stock to redeem approximately $20.0 million of qualified equity certificates to eligible owners. Each share of Class B Series 1 Preferred Stock was issued in redemption of $28.74 of qualified equity certificates.
See Note 10, Equities, of the notes to consolidated financial statements that are included in this Annual Report on Form 10-K for a summary of our outstanding preferred stock as of August 31, 2018, each series of which is listed on the Global Select Market of NASDAQ.
Off Balance Sheet Financing Arrangements
Guarantees:
We are a guarantor for lines of credit and performance obligations of related, non-consolidated companies. Our bank covenants allow maximum guarantees of $1.0 billion, of which $122.3 million were outstanding on August 31, 2018. We have collateral for a portion of these contingent obligations. We have not recorded a liability related to the contingent obligations as we do not expect to pay out any cash related to them, and the fair values are considered immaterial. The underlying loans to the counterparties for which we provide guarantees were current as of August 31, 2018.
Operating leases:
Future minimum lease payments required under noncancelable operating leases as of August 31, 2018, were $352.1 million.
Debt:
There is no material off balance sheet debt.
Receivables Securitization Facility and Loan Participations:
During fiscal 2018, we engaged in off-balance sheet arrangements through our Securitization Facility and certain loan participation agreements. In the fourth fiscal quarter of 2018, we amended the Securitization Facility so that the transfer of Receivables is accounted for as a secured borrowing. Refer to further details about these arrangements in Note 2, Receivables, of the notes to the consolidated financial statements that are included in this Annual Report on Form 10-K.
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Contractual Obligations
We had certain contractual obligations at August 31, 2018, which require the following payments to be made:

| Payments Due by Period
| Total |  | Less than 1 Year |  | 1 - 3 Years |  | 3 - 5 Years |  | More than 5 Years
| (Dollars in thousands)
Long-term debt obligations (1) | $ | 1,918,689 |  |  | $ | 162,846 |  |  | $ | 213,143 |  |  | $ | 282,130 |  |  | $ | 1,260,570 |
Interest payments (2) | 641,173 |  |  | 83,030 |  |  | 151,430 |  |  | 134,066 |  |  | 272,647 |
Capital lease obligations (3) | 28,593 |  |  | 4,845 |  |  | 8,792 |  |  | 7,020 |  |  | 7,936 |
Operating lease obligations | 352,062 |  |  | 103,800 |  |  | 92,081 |  |  | 52,381 |  |  | 103,800 |
Purchase obligations (4) | 8,719,832 |  |  | 7,331,773 |  |  | 541,845 |  |  | 262,572 |  |  | 583,642 |
Other liabilities (5) | 519,289 |  |  | 16,443 |  |  | 44,967 |  |  | 19,120 |  |  | 438,759 |
Total obligations | $ | 12,179,638 |  |  | $ | 7,702,737 |  |  | $ | 1,052,258 |  |  | $ | 757,289 |  |  | $ | 2,667,354 |

_______________________________________

(1) | Excludes fair value adjustments to the long-term debt reported on our Consolidated Balance Sheet at August 31, 2018, resulting from fair value interest rate swaps and the related hedge accounting.

(2) | Based on interest rates and long-term debt balances at August 31, 2018.

(3) | Future minimum lease payments under capital leases include amounts related to bargain purchase options and residual value guarantees, which represent economic obligations as opposed to contractual payment obligations.

(4) | Purchase obligations are legally binding and enforceable agreements to purchase goods or services that specify all significant terms, including fixed or minimum quantities; fixed, minimum or variable price provisions; and approximate time of the transactions. In the ordinary course of business, we enter into a significant number of forward purchase commitments for agricultural and energy commodities and the related freight. The purchase obligation amounts shown above include both short- and long-term obligations and are based on: a) fixed or minimum quantities to be purchased; and b) fixed or estimated prices to be paid at the time of settlement. Current estimates are based on assumptions about future market conditions that will exist at the time of settlement. Consequently, actual amounts paid under these contracts may differ due to the variable pricing provisions. Market risk related to the variability of our forward purchase commitments is economically hedged by offsetting forward sale contracts that are not included in the amounts above.

(5) | Other liabilities include the long-term portion of deferred compensation, deferred tax liabilities and contractual redemptions. Of the total other liabilities and deferred tax liabilities of $519.3 million on our Consolidated Balance Sheet at August 31, 2018, the timing of the payments of $424.5 million of such liabilities cannot be determined.

Critical Accounting Estimates
Our consolidated financial statements are prepared in conformity with U.S. GAAP. The preparation of these consolidated financial statements requires the use of estimates as well as management’s judgments and assumptions regarding matters that are subjective, uncertain or involve a high degree of complexity, all of which affect the results of operations and financial condition for the periods presented. We believe that the following significant accounting policies may involve a higher degree of estimates, judgments and complexity.
Inventory Valuation and Reserves
Grain, processed grain, oilseed and processed oilseed inventories are stated at net realizable value. All other inventories are stated at the lower of cost or net realizable value. The costs of certain energy inventories (wholesale refined products, crude oil and asphalt) are determined on the last-in, first-out ("LIFO") method; all other inventories of non-grain products purchased for resale are valued on the first-in, first-out ("FIFO") and average cost methods. Estimates are used in determining the net realizable values of grain and oilseed and processed grains and oilseeds inventories. These estimates include the measurement of grain in bins and other storage facilities, which use formulas in addition to actual measurements taken to arrive at appropriate quantities. Other determinations made by management include quality of the inventory and estimates for freight. Grain shrink reserves and other reserves that account for spoilage also affect inventory valuations. If estimates regarding the valuation of inventories, or the adequacy of reserves, are less favorable than management’s assumptions, then additional reserves or write-downs of inventories may be required.
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Derivative Financial Instruments
We enter into exchange-traded commodity futures and options contracts to hedge our exposure to price fluctuations on energy, grain and oilseed transactions to the extent considered practicable for minimizing risk. Futures and options contracts used for hedging are purchased and sold through regulated commodity exchanges. We also use over-the-counter ("OTC") instruments to hedge our exposure on fixed-price contracts. Fluctuations in inventory valuations, however, may not be completely hedged, due in part to the absence of satisfactory hedging facilities for certain commodities and geographical areas and, in part, to our assessment of our exposure from expected price fluctuations. We also manage our risks by entering into fixed-price purchase contracts with preapproved producers and establishing appropriate limits for individual suppliers. Fixed-price sales contracts are entered into with customers of acceptable creditworthiness, as internally evaluated. The fair values of futures and options contracts are determined primarily from quotes listed on regulated commodity exchanges. Fixed-price purchase and sales contracts are with various counterparties, and the fair values of such contracts are determined from the market price of the underlying product. We are exposed to loss in the event of nonperformance by the counterparties to the contracts and, therefore, contract values are reviewed and adjusted to reflect potential nonperformance. Risk of nonperformance by counterparties includes the inability to perform because of a counterparty’s financial condition and also the risk that the counterparty will refuse to perform on a contract during periods of price fluctuations where contract prices are significantly different than the current market prices.
Pension and Other Postretirement Benefits
Pension and other postretirement benefits costs and obligations are dependent on assumptions used in calculating such amounts. These assumptions include discount rates, health care cost trend rates, benefits earned, interest costs, expected return on plan assets, mortality rates and other factors. In accordance with U.S. GAAP, actual results that differ from the assumptions are accumulated and amortized over future periods and, therefore, generally affect recognized expenses and the recorded obligations in future periods. While our management believes that the assumptions used are appropriate, differences in actual experience or changes in assumptions may affect our pension and other postretirement obligations and future expenses.
Deferred Tax Assets and Uncertain Tax Positions
We assess whether a valuation allowance is necessary to reduce our deferred tax assets to the amount that we believe is more likely than not to be realized. While we have considered future taxable income, as well as other factors, in assessing the need for the valuation allowance, in the event that we were to determine that we would not be able to realize all, or part of, our net deferred tax assets in the future, an adjustment to our deferred tax assets would be charged to income in the period such determination was made. We are also significantly impacted by the utilization of tax credits, some of which were passed to us from CHS McPherson (formerly known as National Cooperative Refinery Association), related to refinery upgrades that enable us to produce ultra-low sulfur fuels. Our tax credit carryforwards are available to offset future federal and state tax liabilities with the tax credits becoming unavailable to us if not used by their expiration date. Our net operating loss carryforwards for tax purposes are available to offset future taxable income. If our loss carryforwards are not used, these loss carryforwards will expire.
Tax benefits related to uncertain tax positions are recognized in our financial statements if it is more likely than not that the position would be sustained upon examination by a tax authority that has full knowledge of all relevant information. The benefits are measured using a cumulative probability approach. Under this approach, we record in our financial statements the greatest amount of tax benefits that have a more than 50% probability of being realized upon final settlement with the tax authorities. In determining these tax benefits, we assign probabilities to a range of outcomes that we feel we could ultimately settle on with the tax authorities using all relevant facts and information available at the reporting date. Due to the complexity of these uncertainties, the ultimate resolution may result in a benefit that is materially different than our current estimate.
Long-Lived Assets
Property, plant and equipment is depreciated or amortized over the expected useful lives of individual or groups of assets based on the straight-line method. Economic circumstances, or other factors, may cause management’s estimates of expected useful lives to differ from actual.
All long-lived assets, including property, plant and equipment, goodwill, investments in unconsolidated affiliates and other identifiable intangibles, are evaluated for impairment in accordance with U.S. GAAP, at least annually for goodwill, and whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of a long-lived asset or asset group may not be recoverable. For goodwill, our annual impairment testing occurs in our fourth quarter. An impaired asset is written down to its
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estimated fair value based on the best information available. Fair value is generally measured by discounting estimated future cash flows. Considerable management judgment is necessary to estimate discounted future cash flows and may differ from actual.
We have asset retirement obligations with respect to certain of our refineries and other assets due to various legal obligations to clean and/or dispose of the component parts at the time they are retired. In most cases, these assets can be used for extended and indeterminate periods of time, as long as they are properly maintained and/or upgraded. It is our practice and current intent to maintain refineries and related assets and to continue making improvements to those assets based on technological advances. As a result, we believe our refineries and related assets have indeterminate lives for purposes of estimating asset retirement obligations because dates or ranges of dates upon which we would retire a refinery and related assets cannot reasonably be estimated at this time. When a date or range of dates can reasonably be estimated for the retirement of any component part of a refinery or other asset, we will estimate the cost of performing the retirement activities and record a liability for the fair value of that future cost.
We have other assets that we may be obligated to dismantle at the end of corresponding lease terms subject to lessor discretion for which we have recorded asset retirement obligations. Based on our estimates of the timing, cost and probability of removal, these obligations are not material.
Effect of Inflation and Foreign Currency Transactions
We believe that inflation and foreign currency fluctuations have not had a significant effect on our operations during the three years ended August 31, 2018, since we conduct a significant portion of our business in U.S. dollars.
Recent Accounting Pronouncements
See Note 1, Organization, Basis of Presentation and Significant Accounting Policies, of the notes to consolidated financial statements that are included in this Annual Report on Form 10-K for information concerning new accounting standards and the impact of the implementation of those standards on our financial statements.
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ITEM 7A. QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK
COMMODITY PRICE RISK
When we enter into a commodity purchase or sales commitment, we incur risks related to price changes and performance including delivery, quality, quantity and shipment period. In the event that market prices decrease, we are exposed to risk of loss for the market value of inventory and purchase contracts with a fixed or partially fixed price. Conversely, we are exposed to risk of loss on our fixed or partially fixed price sales contracts in the event that market prices increase.
Our use of hedging reduces the exposure to price volatility by protecting against adverse short-term price movements, but it also limits the benefits of favorable short-term price movements. To reduce the price risk associated with fixed price commitments, we generally enter into commodity derivative contracts, to the extent practical, to achieve a net commodity position within the formal position limits we have established and deemed prudent for each commodity. These contracts are primarily transacted on regulated commodity futures exchanges but may also include over-the-counter derivative instruments when deemed appropriate. For commodities where there is no liquid derivative contract, risk is managed through the use of forward sales contracts, other pricing arrangements and, to some extent, futures contracts in highly correlated commodities. These contracts are economic hedges of price risk, but are not designated as hedging instruments for accounting purposes. The contracts are recorded on our Consolidated Balance Sheets at fair values based on quotes listed on regulated commodity exchanges or the market prices of the underlying products listed on the exchanges, except that fertilizer and propane contracts are accounted for as normal purchase and normal sales transactions. Unrealized gains and losses on these contracts are recognized in cost of goods sold in our Consolidated Statements of Operations.
When a futures position is established, initial margin must be deposited with the applicable exchange or broker. The amount of margin required varies by commodity and is set by the applicable exchange at its sole discretion. If the market price relative to a short futures position increases, an additional margin deposit would be required. Similarly, a margin deposit would be required if the market price relative to a long futures position decreases. Conversely, if the market price increases relative to a long futures position or decreases relative to a short futures position, margin deposits may be returned by the applicable exchange or broker.
Our policy is to manage our commodity price risk exposure according to internal polices and in alignment with our tolerance for risk. It is our policy that our profitability should come from operations, primarily derived from margins on products sold and grain merchandised, not from hedging transactions. At any one time, inventory and purchase contracts for delivery to us may be substantial. We have risk management policies and procedures that include established net position limits. These limits are defined for each commodity and business unit, and may include both trader and management limits as appropriate. The limits policy is overseen at a high level by our corporate compliance team, with day to day monitoring procedures managed within each individual business unit to ensure any limits overage is explained and exposures reduced, or a temporary limit increase is established if needed. The position limits are reviewed, at least annually, with our senior leadership and Board of Directors. We monitor current market conditions and may expand or reduce our net position limits or procedures in response to changes in those conditions.
The use of hedging instruments does not protect against nonperformance by counterparties to cash contracts. We evaluate counterparty exposure by reviewing contracts and adjusting the values to reflect potential nonperformance. Risk of nonperformance by counterparties includes the inability to perform because of a counterparty’s financial condition and the risk that the counterparty will refuse to perform on a contract during periods of price fluctuations where contract prices are significantly different than the current market prices. We manage these risks by entering into fixed price purchase and sales contracts with preapproved producers and by establishing appropriate limits for individual suppliers. Fixed price contracts are entered into with customers of acceptable creditworthiness, as internally evaluated. Regarding our use of derivatives, we primarily transact in exchange traded instruments or enter into over-the-counter derivatives that clear through a designated clearing organization, which limits our counterparty exposure relative to hedging activities. Historically, we have not experienced significant events of nonperformance on open contracts. Accordingly, we only adjust the estimated fair values of specifically identified contracts for nonperformance. Although we have established policies and procedures, we make no assurances that historical nonperformance experience will carry forward to future periods.
A 10% adverse change in market prices would not materially affect our results of operations, since we use commodity futures and forward contracts as economic hedges of price risk, and since our operations have effective economic hedging requirements as a general business practice.
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INTEREST RATE RISK
Debt used to finance inventories and receivables is represented by short-term notes payable, so that our blended interest rate for all such notes approximates current market rates. We have outstanding interest rate swaps with an aggregate notional amount of $495.0 million designated as fair value hedges of portions of our fixed-rate debt. Our objective is to offset changes in the fair value of the debt associated with the risk of variability in the 3-month U.S. Dollar LIBOR interest rate, in essence converting the fixed-rate debt to variable-rate debt. Offsetting changes in the fair values of both the swap instruments and the hedged debt are recorded contemporaneously each period and only create an impact to earnings to the extent that the hedge is ineffective. During fiscal 2018, we recorded offsetting fair value adjustments of $18.7 million, with no ineffectiveness recorded in earnings.
In fiscal 2015, we entered into forward-starting interest rate swaps with an aggregate notional amount of $300.0 million designated as cash flow hedges of the expected variability of future interest payments on our anticipated issuance of fixed-rate debt. During the first quarter of fiscal 2016, we determined that certain of the anticipated debt issuances would be delayed, and we consequently recorded an immaterial amount of losses on the ineffective portion of the related swaps in earnings. Additionally, we paid $6.4 million in cash to settle two of the interest rate swaps upon their scheduled termination dates. During the second quarter of fiscal 2016, we settled two additional interest rate swaps, paying $5.3 million in cash upon their scheduled termination. In January 2016, we issued the fixed-rate debt associated with these swaps and will amortize the amounts which were previously deferred to other comprehensive income into earnings over the life of the debt. The amounts to be included in earnings are not expected to be material during any 12-month period. During the third quarter of fiscal 2016, we settled the remaining two interest rate swaps, paying $5.1 million in cash upon their scheduled termination. We did not issue additional fixed-rate debt as previously planned, and we reclassified all amounts previously recorded to other comprehensive income into earnings.
The table below provides information about our outstanding debt and derivative financial instruments that are sensitive to changes in interest rates. For debt obligations, the table presents scheduled contractual principal payments and related weighted average interest rates for the fiscal years presented. For interest rate swaps, the table presents notional amounts for payments to be exchanged by expected contractual maturity dates for the fiscal years presented and interest rates noted in the table.

Expected Maturity Date
| 2019 |  | 2020 |  | 2021 |  | 2022 |  | 2023 |  | Thereafter |  | Total |  | Fair Value Asset (Liability)
| (Dollars in thousands)
Liabilities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Variable rate miscellaneous short-term notes payable | $ | 1,437,264 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 1,437,264 |  |  | $ | (1,437,264 | )
Average interest rate | 3.5 | % |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 3.5 | % |  | — |
Variable rate CHS Capital short-term notes payable | $ | 834,932 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 834,932 |  |  | $ | (834,932 | )
Average interest rate | 2.8 | % |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 2.8 | % |  | — |
Fixed rate long-term debt | $ | 162,846 |  |  | $ | 30,671 |  |  | $ | 182,472 |  |  | $ | 65 |  |  | $ | 282,065 |  |  | $ | 894,570 |  |  | $ | 1,552,689 |  |  | $ | (1,505,652 | )
Average interest rate | 4.2 | % |  | 4.4 | % |  | 4.5 | % |  | 5.1 | % |  | 4.5 | % |  | 4.6 | % |  | 4.0 | % |  | — |
Variable rate long-term debt | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 366,000 |  |  | $ | 366,000 |  |  | $ | (335,927 | )
Average interest rate (a) | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | range |  |  | range |  |  | — |
Interest Rate Derivatives: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Fixed to variable long-term debt interest rate swaps | $ | 130,000 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 160,000 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 205,000 |  |  | $ | 495,000 |  |  | $ | (9,452 | )
Average pay rate (b) | range |  |  | — |  |  | range |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | range |  |  | range |  |  | — |
Average receive rate (c) | range |  |  | — |  |  | range |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | range |  |  | range |  |  | — |

_______________________________________

(a) | Borrowings under the agreement bear interest at a base rate (or a LIBO rate) plus an applicable margin, or at a fixed rate of interest determined and quoted by the administrative agent under the agreement in its sole and absolute

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discretion from time to time. The applicable margin is based on our leverage ratio and ranges between 1.50% and 2.00% for LIBO rate loans and between 0.50% and 1.00% for base rate loans.

(b) | Seven swaps with notional amount of $495.0 million with fixed rates from 4.08% to 4.67%.

(c) | Average three-month U.S. Dollar LIBOR plus spreads ranging from 2.009% to 2.74%.

FOREIGN CURRENCY RISK
We were exposed to risk regarding foreign currency fluctuations during fiscal 2018 and in prior years even though a substantial amount of our international sales were denominated in U.S. dollars. In addition to specific transactional exposure, foreign currency fluctuations can impact the ability of foreign buyers to purchase U.S. agricultural products and the competitiveness of U.S. agricultural products compared to the same products offered by alternative sources of world supply. From time to time, we enter into foreign currency hedge contracts to minimize the impact of currency fluctuations on our transactional exposures. The notional amounts of our foreign exchange derivative contracts were $988.8 million and $776.7 million as of August 31, 2018, and 2017, respectively.
ITEM 8. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND SUPPLEMENTARY DATA
The financial statements listed in Item 15(a)(1) of this Annual Report on Form 10-K are set forth beginning on page F-1. Financial statement schedules are included in Schedule II in Item 15(a)(2) of this Annual Report on Form 10-K. Supplementary financial information required by Item 302 of Regulation S-K promulgated by the SEC for each quarter during the years ended August 31, 2018, and 2017, is presented below. As described in the "Explanatory Note" at the beginning of this Annual Report on Form 10-K and Note 2, Restatement of Previously Issued Consolidated Financial Statements of the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements included within this Annual Report on Form 10-K, unaudited interim financial information for the annual and quarterly periods ended November 30, 2016 and 2017, February 28, 2017 and 2018, May 31, 2017 and 2018, and August 31, 2017, has been restated. Refer to Note 18, Quarterly Financial Information (Unaudited) of the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements included within this Annual Report on Form 10-K for details related to the categories of misstatements and the impact on the unaudited interim financial information.

| For the Three Months Ended
| August 31, 2018 |  | (As Restated) May 31, 2018 |  | (As Restated) February 28, 2018 |  | (As Restated) November 30, 2017
| (Unaudited) (Dollars in thousands)
Revenues | $ | 8,583,982 |  |  | $ | 9,087,328 |  |  | $ | 6,980,153 |  |  | $ | 8,031,884 |
Gross profit | 391,362 |  |  | 245,967 |  |  | 135,304 |  |  | 320,827 |
Income (loss) before income taxes | 248,332 |  |  | 236,839 |  |  | (21,729 | ) |  | 207,788 |
Net income (loss) | 240,545 |  |  | 181,620 |  |  | 165,959 |  |  | 187,182 |
Net income (loss) attributable to CHS Inc. | 240,447 |  |  | 181,807 |  |  | 166,007 |  |  | 187,646 |

| For the Three Months Ended
| (As Restated) August 31, 2017 |  | (As Restated) May 31, 2017 |  | (As Restated) February 28, 2017 |  | (As Restated) November 30, 2016
| (Unaudited) (Dollars in thousands)
Revenues | $ | 7,996,339 |  |  | $ | 8,638,410 |  |  | $ | 7,400,773 |  |  | $ | 8,001,904 |
Gross profit | 91,626 |  |  | 221,146 |  |  | 235,508 |  |  | 346,380 |
Income (loss) before income taxes | (109,088 | ) |  | (238,612 | ) |  | 18,302 |  |  | 219,232 |
Net income (loss) | (74,327 | ) |  | (72,488 | ) |  | 14,617 |  |  | 203,156 |
Net income (loss) attributable to CHS Inc. | (74,450 | ) |  | (71,533 | ) |  | 14,211 |  |  | 203,364 |

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ITEM 9. CHANGES IN AND DISAGREEMENTS WITH ACCOUNTANTS ON ACCOUNTING AND FINANCIAL DISCLOSURE
None.
ITEM 9A. CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES
Restatement of Previously Issued Financial Statements:
As described in the "Explanatory Note" at the beginning of this Annual Report on Form 10-K, on October 22, 2018, the Audit Committee of our Board of Directors, after considering the recommendations of management, concluded that our audited consolidated financial statements for the years ended August 31, 2017, 2016, and 2015, included in our 2017 Annual Report, and our unaudited consolidated financial statements for the quarterly periods ended November 30, 2017 and 2016, February 28, 2018 and 2017, and May 31, 2018 and 2017, included in our 2018 Quarterly Reports, should no longer be relied upon due to misstatements, and that we would restate such financial statements to make the necessary accounting corrections. This Annual Report on Form 10-K includes consolidated financial statements for the years ended August 31, 2016, 2018, and 2017, as well as relevant unaudited interim financial information for the quarterly periods ended November 30, 2017 and 2016, February 28, 2018 and 2017, May 31, 2018 and 2017, and August 31, 2018 and 2017. The consolidated financial statements for the years ended August 31, 2017 and 2016, selected financial data (Item 6. "Selected Financial Data") for the years ended August 31, 2015 and 2014, and relevant unaudited interim financial statements for the quarterly periods ended November 30, 2017 and 2016, February 28, 2018 and 2017, May 31, 2018 and 2017, and August 31, 2017, included within this Annual Report on Form 10-K, have been restated.
Disclosure Controls and Procedures:
Our management evaluated, with the participation of our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rule 13a-15(e) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended) as of August 31, 2018, the end of the period covered by this Annual Report on Form 10-K. Based upon that evaluation, our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer concluded that, due to the identification of material weaknesses in our internal control over financial reporting, as further described below, our disclosure controls and procedures were not effective as of August 31, 2018.
Management’s Annual Report on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting:
Our management is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial reporting.
Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. Also, projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate.
Management assessed the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting as of August 31, 2018. In making this assessment, management used the criteria set forth by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission in Internal Control - Integrated Framework (2013). Based on management’s assessment using this framework, management concluded that, as of August 31, 2018, we did not maintain effective internal control over financial reporting due to the fact that there are material weaknesses in our internal control over financial reporting, as further described below.
A material weakness is a deficiency, or a combination of deficiencies, in internal control over financial reporting, such that there is a reasonable possibility that a material misstatement of our annual or interim financial statements will not be prevented or detected on a timely basis.
Management identified the following material weaknesses in our internal control over financial reporting as of August 31, 2018:
We did not design and consistently maintain effective monitoring controls related to the design and operating effectiveness of our internal controls. Specifically, we did not implement and reinforce an adequate process for monitoring the proper functioning of internal control to verify that our accounting policies and procedures are consistently and adequately being performed, as relevant, by a sufficient number of resources with the appropriate knowledge and training. This material weakness contributed to the following additional material weaknesses:
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• | We did not design and maintain effective controls over the review of journal entries and account reconciliations in our Grain Marketing operations. Specifically, we did not design and maintain effective controls to ensure that journal entries and account reconciliations were (i) properly prepared with sufficient supporting documentation or (ii) reviewed and approved to ensure the accuracy and completeness of the resulting journal entries.

• | We did not design and maintain effective internal controls over the accounting for intercompany transactions. Specifically, we did not design and maintain effective controls to ensure intercompany transactions are completely and accurately identified, reconciled, evaluated and eliminated.

• | We did not design and maintain effective controls over the accounting for freight contracts in our Grain Marketing operations. Specifically, we did not design and maintain effective controls to verify (i) the review over the accounting for freight contracts was being performed by the appropriate individuals, with the requisite level of knowledge, training and skill, to ensure freight contracts met the criteria to be accounted for as a derivative or (ii) the accuracy, existence and valuation of freight contracts.

These material weaknesses resulted in the restatement of the Company's consolidated financial statements for the fiscal year 2016 and 2017, restatement of each of the interim periods in the fiscal years 2017 and 2018 and the misstatements in fiscal year 2018.
We also did not design and maintain effective controls over certain information technology ("IT") general controls for information systems that are relevant to the preparation of our financial statements. Specifically, we did not design and maintain sufficient (i) testing and approval controls for program development to ensure the implementation of a new ERP system was aligned with business and IT requirements, or (ii) user access controls to ensure appropriate segregation of duties, or that adequately restrict user and privileged access to certain financial applications, programs, and data to appropriate personnel. These control deficiencies resulted in misstatements to the Inventory and Cost of Goods Sold accounts and related disclosures for the third quarter of fiscal 2018. Additionally, the deficiencies, when aggregated, could impact the maintenance of effective segregation of duties, as well as the effectiveness of IT-dependent controls (such as automated controls that address the risk of material misstatement to one or more assertions, along with the IT controls and underlying data that support the effectiveness of system-generated data and reports) that could result in misstatements potentially impacting all financial statement accounts and disclosures that would not be prevented or detected. Accordingly, our management has determined that these control deficiencies constitute material weaknesses.
Additionally, each of the above material weaknesses could result in a misstatement of the aforementioned account balances or disclosures that would result in a material misstatement to the annual or interim consolidated financial statements that would not be prevented or detected.
This Annual Report on Form 10-K does not include an attestation report of our independent registered public accounting firm regarding internal control over financial reporting. Management’s report was not subject to attestation by our independent registered public accounting firm pursuant to the Financial Reform Bill passed in July 2010 that permits us to provide only management’s report in this Annual Report on Form 10-K.
Remediation Plan and Status:
In response to the identified material weaknesses, our management, with the oversight of the Audit Committee of our Board of Directors, has dedicated significant resources, including the involvement of outside advisors, and efforts to improve our internal control over financial reporting. We continue to actively plan for and implement additional control procedures, including (i) redesigning and/or enhancing control activities related to preparation and review of account reconciliations and journal entries related to our Grain Marketing Operations; (ii) redesigning and implementing control activities related to intercompany transactions; (iii) instituting additional training programs for our finance, accounting, operations, IT and other necessary personnel; (iv) evaluating the quality of and sufficiency of our finance, accounting and other internal control personnel and resources; (v) establishing the appropriate roles and responsibilities within our organization to improve our knowledge and expertise over internal control over financial reporting; (vi) implementing IT project testing oversight and management; and (vii) evaluating the manual and automated IT control environment surrounding critical enterprise resource planning systems, including the new ERP system.
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We believe the measures described above will remediate the material weaknesses we have identified and strengthen our internal control over financial reporting. We are committed to continuing to improve our internal control processes and will continue to review, optimize and enhance our financial reporting controls and procedures. As we continue to evaluate and work to improve our internal control over financial reporting, we may take additional measures to address control deficiencies, or we may modify, or in appropriate circumstances not complete, certain of the remediation measures described above. These material weaknesses will not be considered remediated until the applicable remedial controls operate for a sufficient period of time and management has concluded, through testing, that these controls are operating effectively.
Changes in Internal Control Over Financial Reporting:
We are in the process of implementing an ERP system. The ERP system is expected to take several years to fully implement and has and will continue to require significant capital and human resources to deploy. The implementation of the ERP system will affect the processes that constitute our internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Rule 13a-15(f) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended) and management has taken steps to ensure that appropriate controls are designed and implemented as the ERP system is deployed.
Other than as described in the paragraph above, during our fourth fiscal quarter, there was no change in our internal control over financial reporting that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.
ITEM 9B. OTHER INFORMATION
None.
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PART III.
ITEM 10. DIRECTORS, EXECUTIVE OFFICERS AND CORPORATE GOVERNANCE
BOARD OF DIRECTORS
The table below provides certain information regarding each of our directors, as of August 31, 2018.

Name | Age |  | Director Region |  | Director Since
Donald Anthony | 68 |  | 8 |  | 2006
Clinton J. Blew | 41 |  | 8 |  | 2010
Dennis Carlson | 57 |  | 3 |  | 2001
Scott Cordes | 57 |  | 1 |  | 2017
Jon Erickson | 58 |  | 3 |  | 2011
Mark Farrell | 59 |  | 5 |  | 2016
Steve Fritel | 63 |  | 3 |  | 2003
Alan Holm | 58 |  | 1 |  | 2013
David Johnsrud | 64 |  | 1 |  | 2012
Tracy Jones | 55 |  | 5 |  | 2017
David Kayser | 59 |  | 4 |  | 2006
Russ Kehl | 43 |  | 6 |  | 2017
Randy Knecht | 68 |  | 4 |  | 2001
Edward Malesich | 65 |  | 2 |  | 2011
Perry Meyer | 64 |  | 1 |  | 2014
Steve Riegel | 66 |  | 8 |  | 2006
Daniel Schurr | 53 |  | 7 |  | 2006

As a cooperative, members of our Board of Directors are nominated and elected by our members as required by our bylaws. As described below under “Director Elections and Voting,” to ensure geographic representation of our members, the Board of Directors represents eight regions in which our members are located. The members in each region nominate and elect the number of directors for that region as set forth in our bylaws. Neither management nor the incumbent directors have any control over the nominating process for directors. As described below under “Director Elections and Voting,” to be eligible for service as a director, a nominee must, among other things, (i) be an active farmer or rancher, (ii) be a Class A Individual Member of CHS or a member of a Cooperative Association Member and (iii) reside in the geographic region from which he or she is nominated. In general, our directors operate large commercial agricultural enterprises, which require expertise in all areas of management, including financial oversight. They also have experience serving on local cooperative association boards and participate in a variety of agricultural and community organizations. Our directors complete the National Association of Corporate Directors Comprehensive Director Professionalism course and earn the Certificate of Director Education.
Donald Anthony has been a member of the CHS Board of Directors since 2006. He serves on the Corporate Risk and Government Relations committees. He holds a bachelor’s degree in agricultural economics from the University of Nebraska. Mr. Anthony’s principal occupation has been farming for more than five years, and he raises corn, soybeans and alfalfa near Lexington, Nebraska.
Clinton J. Blew, first vice chairman, has been a member of the CHS Board of Directors since 2010. Since 2017, Mr. Blew has served as first vice chairman of the Executive Committee of the Board. He serves on the Audit and Corporate Risk committees. He is a member of the board of directors of Mid Kansas Coop ("MKC"), Moundridge, Kansas, and is a member of the Hutchinson Community College Ag Advisory Board, Kansas Livestock Association, Texas Cattle Feeders Association and Red Angus Association of America. He holds an applied science degree in farm and ranch management from Hutchinson Community College. Mr. Blew’s principal occupation has been farming for more than five years, and he farms and ranches in a family partnership in south-central Kansas.
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Dennis Carlson has been a member of the CHS Board of Directors since 2001. He serves as chairman of the Capital Committee and as a member of the Governance Committee. Mr. Carlson’s principal occupation has been farming for more than five years, and he raises wheat, sunflowers and soybeans near Mandan, North Dakota.
Scott Cordes has been a member of the CHS Board of Directors since 2017. He serves on the Government Relations and Corporate Risk committees. He serves as a director and past chairman of Security State Bank of Wanamingo (Minnesota). He also served as director of the Minneapolis Grain Exchange and National Futures Association. He holds a bachelor’s degree in agricultural economics from the University of Minnesota. Mr. Cordes’ principal occupation has been farming for more than two years. In 1995, he joined CHS and most recently served as the president of CHS Hedging, LLC, a commodities brokerage subsidiary of CHS Inc., until 2016. He operates a corn and soybean farm near Wanamingo, Minnesota.
Jon Erickson, second vice chairman, has been a member of the CHS Board of Directors since 2011. Since 2017, he has been second vice chairman of the Executive Committee of the Board. He is a member of the Audit and Capital committees. He is a member of the North Dakota Farmers Union and North Dakota Stockmen’s Association. He holds a bachelor’s degree in agricultural economics from North Dakota State University. Mr. Erickson’s principal occupation has been farming for more than five years, and he raises grains and oilseeds and operates a commercial Hereford-Angus cow-calf business near Minot, North Dakota.
Mark Farrell has been a member of the CHS Board of Directors since 2016. He serves as vice chairman of the CHS Foundation Board of Trustees and as a member of the Audit Committee. He graduated from the University of Wisconsin-Madison Agricultural & Life Sciences Farm & Industry Short Course. Mr. Farrell’s principal occupation has been farming for more than five years. He raises corn, soybeans and wheat in Dane County, Wisconsin.
Steve Fritel has been a member of the CHS Board of Directors since 2003. He serves as vice chairman of the Corporate Risk Committee and as a member of the Audit Committee. He earned an associate’s degree from North Dakota State College of Science. Mr. Fritel’s principal occupation has been farming for more than five years. He raises spring wheat, soybeans, edible beans, corn and canola near Rugby, North Dakota. He also runs a family business providing on-farm grain storage equipment.
Alan Holm has been a member of the CHS Board of Directors since 2013. He is chairman of the Corporate Risk Committee and vice chairman of the Government Relations Committee. He also serves on the board for Citizens Bank Minnesota. Mr. Holm holds an associate’s degree in machine tool technology from Mankato Technical College. Mr. Holm's principal occupation has been farming for more than five years. He raises corn, soybeans, sweet corn, peas and hay and operates a cow-calf herd near Sleepy Eye, Minnesota.
David Johnsrud, secretary-treasurer, has been a member of the CHS Board of Directors since 2012. Since 2017, he has been secretary-treasurer of the Executive Committee of the Board. He serves as a member of the Capital and Governance committees. He also serves as a member of the board for the Cooperative Network. Mr. Johnsrud’s principal occupation has been farming for more than five years, and he raises corn and soybeans near Starbuck, Minnesota.
Tracy Jones has been a member of the CHS Board of Directors since 2017. He serves on the Governance Committee and the CHS Foundation Board of Trustees. He is a board member of CHS Elburn (Illinois) and has been its board chairman since 2011. Mr. Jones’ primary occupation has been farming for more than five years. He operates a fourth-generation family farm near Kirkland, Illinois, that raises corn, soybeans and wheat and feeds cattle.
David Kayser has been a member of the CHS Board of Directors since 2006. He is chairman of the CHS Foundation Board of Trustees and vice chairman of the Audit Committee. Mr. Kayser is a member of the Mitchell Technical Institute Foundation Board. Mr. Kayser’s principal occupation has been farming for more than five years. He raises corn, soybeans and hay near Alexandria, South Dakota, and operates a cow-calf and feeder-calf business.
Russ Kehl has been a member of the CHS Board of Directors since 2017. He serves on the Governance and Capital committees. He previously served as a director of CHS SunBasin Growers and vice chairman of the Columbia Basin Seed Association. Mr. Kehl’s primary occupation has been farming for more than five years. He and his wife operate a farm near Quincy, Washington, that produces crops, primarily potatoes and dry beans, and includes a cow-calf herd. His family also owns a dry bean processing facility, runs a custom farming business, and owns and operates a trucking and logistics company.
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Randy Knecht has been a member of the CHS Board of Directors since 2001. He is chairman of the Government Relations Committee and vice chairman of the Capital Committee. He holds a bachelor’s degree in agriculture from South Dakota State University. Mr. Knecht’s principal occupation has been farming for more than five years, and he operates a diversified family farm operation near Houghton, South Dakota, raising corn, soybeans, alfalfa and beef cattle.
Edward Malesich has been a member of the CHS Board of Directors since 2011. He chairs the Governance Committee and serves on the Capital Committee. He is a member of Montana Stock Growers Association, Montana Grain Growers Association, Montana Farm Bureau Federation, Montana Farmers Union and Montana Council of Co-ops. He holds a bachelor’s degree in agricultural production from Montana State University. Mr. Malesich’s principal occupation has been farming for more than five years, and he raises Angus cattle, wheat, malt barley and hay near Dillon, Montana.
Perry Meyer has been a member of the CHS Board of Directors since 2014. He is chairman of the Audit Committee and serves on the Corporate Risk Committee. He serves as director of Heartland Corn Products Cooperative and is a member of United Farmers Co-op, Central Region Cooperative, Minnesota Farm Bureau, Minnesota and Nicollet County corn growers associations, and Minnesota Pork Producers Association. He serves as a director of Steamboat Pork Cooperative, chairman of NU-Telecom Board and director of Minnesota Valley Lutheran School Foundation. He holds an agricultural mechanics degree from Alexandria (Minnesota) Technical School. Mr. Meyer’s principal occupation has been farming for more than five years, and he operates a family farm, raising corn, soybean and hogs near New Ulm, Minnesota.
Steve Riegel, assistant secretary-treasurer, has been a member of the CHS Board of Directors since 2006. He serves as the assistant secretary-treasurer of the Executive Committee of the Board. He is vice chairman of the Governance Committee and serves on the CHS Foundation Board of Trustees. He serves as advisory director of Bucklin (Kansas) National Bank. He attended Fort Hays (Kansas) State University, majoring in agriculture, business and animal science. Mr. Riegel’s principal occupation has been farming for more than five years, and he raises irrigated corn, soybeans, alfalfa, dryland wheat and milo near Ford, Kansas.
Daniel Schurr, chairman, has been a member of the CHS Board of Directors since 2006. Since 2017, Mr. Schurr has served as chairman of the Executive Committee of the Board. He serves on the Blackhawk Bank and Trust board and audit and loan committees and on the Silos and Smokestacks National Heritage Area board. He holds a bachelor’s degree in agricultural business with a minor in economics from Iowa State University. Mr. Schurr’s principal occupation has been farming for more than five years. He raises corn and soybeans near LeClaire, Iowa, and operates a commercial trucking business.
Director Elections and Voting
Director elections are for three-year terms and are open to any qualified candidate. The qualifications for the office of director are as follows:

• | At the time of declaration of candidacy, the individual (except in the case of an incumbent) must have the written endorsement of a locally elected producer board that is part of the CHS system and located within the region from which the individual is to be a candidate.

• | At the time of the election, the individual must be less than 68 years old.

The remaining qualifications set forth below must be met at all times commencing six months prior to the time of election and while the individual holds office:

• | The individual must be a Class A Individual Member of CHS or a member of a Cooperative Association Member.

• | The individual must reside in the region from which he or she is to be elected.

• | The individual must be an active farmer or rancher. “Active farmer or rancher” means an individual whose primary occupation is that of a farmer or rancher, excluding anyone who is an employee of ours or of a Cooperative Association Member.

The following positions on the Board of Directors will be up for re-election at the 2018 Annual Meeting of Members:

Region | Current Incumbent
Region 1 (Minnesota) | David Johnsrud
Region 3 (North Dakota) | Steve Fritel
Region 4 (South Dakota) | David Kayser
Region 6 (Alaska, Arizona, California, Hawaii, Idaho, Nevada, Oregon, Washington, Utah) | Russ Kehl
Region 8 (Colorado, Nebraska, Kansas, New Mexico, Oklahoma, Texas) | Open Seat

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Voting rights, including those in regard to director elections, arise by virtue of membership in CHS, not because of ownership of any equity or debt instruments; therefore, our preferred stockholders cannot recommend nominees to our Board of Directors nor vote in regard to director elections unless they are Class A or Class C Members of CHS.
EXECUTIVE OFFICERS
The table below lists our executive officers as appointed by the CHS Board of Directors as of August 31, 2018.

Name | Age | Position
Jay Debertin | 58 |  | President and Chief Executive Officer
Richard Dusek | 54 |  | Executive Vice President, Country Operations
Darin Hunhoff | 48 |  | Executive Vice President, Energy and Foods
Timothy Skidmore | 57 |  | Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer
James Zappa | 54 |  | Executive Vice President and General Counsel
David Black | 52 |  | Senior Vice President, Enterprise Strategy
John Griffith | 49 |  | Senior Vice President, Global Grain and Renewable Fuels
Gary Halvorson | 45 |  | Senior Vice President, Agronomy

Jay Debertin has been President and Chief Executive Officer for CHS since May 2017. He leads the CHS strategic leadership team in strengthening the company by advancing operational excellence, accelerating its focus on results and delivering products and services that help the cooperative’s owners grow. Mr. Debertin joined CHS in 1984 in the petroleum division and held a variety of positions in its energy marketing operations before being named Vice President, Crude Oil Supply, in 1998. In 2001, his responsibilities expanded to include crude oil supply, refining, pipelines and terminals, trading and risk management, and transportation. From 2005 to 2010, Mr. Debertin was Executive Vice President and Chief Operating Officer for Processing at CHS. From 2010 to 2017, he served as Executive Vice President and Chief Operating Officer of Energy and Foods where he led energy, transportation and processing and food ingredients at CHS. Mr. Debertin serves as board chairman for Ventura Foods. He earned a bachelor’s degree in economics from the University of North Dakota and a Master of Business Administration degree from the University of Wisconsin - Madison.
Richard Dusek has been Executive Vice President, Country Operations, for CHS since November 2017. He is responsible for the division delivering agricultural inputs, energy products, grain marketing, animal nutrition and other farm supplies to producers through retail businesses in 16 states. Mr. Dusek serves on the board of directors for The Fertilizer Institute. He joined CHS 30 years ago as a wheat trader. He has also been the director of merchandising, vice president of grain marketing and vice president of CHS agronomy. He earned a bachelor’s degree in agricultural economics from North Dakota State University and completed the Harvard Business School Advanced Management Program.
Darin Hunhoff has been Executive Vice President, Energy and Foods, for CHS since May 2017. He leads CHS energy operations, including refineries, pipelines and terminals, refined fuels, propane, lubricants and transportation. He also leads CHS Processing and Food Ingredients, which includes canola and soybean processing plants. In addition, he oversees the CHS Aligned Solutions group which provides strategic business advisory services to cooperatives. Mr. Hunhoff serves on the board of directors for Ardent Mills. He joined CHS more than 25 years ago as a petroleum specialist. He has also been chief strategy officer for CHS and has spent several years in energy leadership roles, including time as senior vice president of refined fuels. He earned a bachelor’s degree in marketing and business management from Southwest Minnesota State University in Marshall, Minnesota.
Timothy Skidmore has been Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer since joining CHS in August 2013. He is responsible for accounting, credit and finance activities across CHS. Mr. Skidmore chairs the CHS Retirement Plan Committee and serves as a trustee for the Science Museum of Minnesota, where he serves on the Audit and Finance Committee. He also serves as a founding member of World 50’s Finance Officer community, a peer forum for top finance executives. Before joining CHS, he served as Vice President of finance and strategy for Campbell North America. He joined Campbell as assistant treasurer in 2001 and held numerous leadership positions, including various business unit chief financial officer roles. Prior to that, Mr. Skidmore spent 15 years at DuPont Co., holding a variety of financial leadership positions. He holds a bachelor's degree in risk management from the University of Georgia and a Master of Business Administration in finance from Widener University, Chester, Pennsylvania.
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James Zappa has been Executive Vice President and General Counsel for CHS since April 2015. He provides counsel to CHS leadership and the Board of Directors on company strategy, government affairs, corporate governance, corporate compliance, federal securities reporting and compliance, and disclosure and investor communications. Mr. Zappa also serves as a director for Ventura Foods, LLC and oversees enterprise sustainability initiatives, and the CHS Foundation and Corporate Giving functions. He previously worked at 3M Company for 15 years in various legal and leadership roles including Vice President, Associate General Counsel and Chief Compliance Officer, and Vice President, Associate General Counsel, International Operations. Prior to joining 3M, he worked for UnitedHealth Group and for the law firm Dorsey & Whitney. He earned a juris doctor degree from the University of Minnesota Law School, a Master’s degree in communication arts and sciences from the University of Southern California, and a bachelor’s degree from Drake University.
David Black has been Senior Vice President, Enterprise Strategy, for CHS since April 2018. He leads enterprise strategy, CHS global information technology, marketing and communications, and facilities. He is responsible for the strategy, implementation, delivery and operation of information technology for all CHS businesses worldwide. He also serves as a director for Ventura Foods. He joined CHS four years ago. He previously worked at Monsanto Company where he served as vice president, information technology, overseeing all aspects of information technology for its global commercial businesses. During his 20 years with Monsanto, he also served as vice president, corporate strategy, and president, Monsanto Agro-Services, LLC. Mr. Black earned a bachelor’s degree in computer science from Tarkio College in Tarkio, Missouri.
John Griffith has been Senior Vice President, Global Grain and Renewable Fuels for CHS since April 2018. He leads CHS global grain marketing operations and renewable fuels trading, supply chain management and risk management, including freight, currency, execution and trade finance. Mr. Griffith serves on the Minneapolis Grain Exchange and the North American Export Grain Association boards. He also serves as the board chairman for CHS Hedging, a commodities brokerage subsidiary of CHS Inc. He worked for CHS early in his career as a grain merchandiser, and rejoined CHS at a leadership level in January 2013. Since that time, he has held various leadership roles within grain marketing including vice president grain marketing North America. He earned a bachelor’s degree from St. John’s University in Collegeville, Minnesota, and a Master of Business Administration degree from Rockhurst University in Kansas City, Missouri.
Gary Halvorson has been Senior Vice President, Agronomy for CHS since April 2018. He leads CHS agronomy, including all commodity and specialty fertilizers to seed, crop protection and precision ag technology and services. Mr. Halvorson serves on the Agricultural Retailers Association board of directors, the National FFA Sponsors board and represents CHS on the United Prairie board of directors. He joined CHS nearly 20 years ago and held various leadership roles with CHS at locations in North Dakota before becoming general manager for CHS Ag Services in Warren, Minnesota. Mr. Halvorson also served as vice president of farm supply of CHS County Operations. He earned a bachelor’s degree in business from Concordia University.
SECTION 16(a) BENEFICIAL OWNERSHIP REPORTING COMPLIANCE
Section 16(a) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, requires our executive officers, directors and persons who beneficially own more than 10% of any class of our preferred stock to file initial reports of ownership and reports of changes in ownership with the SEC. Such executive officers, directors and greater than 10% beneficial owners are required by the regulations of the SEC to furnish us with copies of all Section 16(a) reports they file.
Based solely upon a review of copies of reports on Forms 3 and 4 and amendments thereto furnished to us during, and reports on Form 5 and amendments thereto furnished to us with respect to, the fiscal year ended August 31, 2018, and based further upon written representations received by us with respect to the need to file reports on Form 5, no individuals filed late reports required by Section 16(a) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934.
CODE OF ETHICS
We have adopted a code of ethics within the meaning of Item 406(b) of Regulation S-K promulgated by the SEC. This code of ethics applies to all of our directors, officers and employees, including our principal executive officer, principal financial officer and principal accounting officer. This code of ethics is part of our broader CHS Global Code of Conduct Policy, which is posted on our website. The Internet address for our website is http://www.chsinc.com and the CHS Global Code of Conduct Policy may be found on the "Compliance" web page, which can be accessed from the "Governance & Compliance" web page, which can be accessed from the "Our Company" web page, which can be accessed from our main web page. We intend to disclose any amendment to, or waiver from, a provision of the code of ethics that applies to our principal executive officer, principal financial officer or principal accounting officer on the "Compliance" web page of our website. The information contained on our website is not part of, and is not incorporated in, this report or any other report we file with or furnish to the SEC.
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AUDIT COMMITTEE MATTERS
The Board of Directors has a separately designated standing Audit Committee for the purpose of overseeing our accounting and financial reporting processes and audits of our financial statements. The Audit Committee is comprised of Mr. Blew, Mr. Erickson, Mr. Farrell, Mr. Fritel, Mr. Kayser and Mr. Meyer (chairman), each of whom is an independent director. The Audit Committee has oversight responsibility to our owners relating to our financial statements and the financial reporting process, preparation of the financial reports and other financial information provided by us to any governmental or regulatory body, the systems of internal accounting and financial controls, the internal audit function and the annual independent audit of our financial statements. The Audit Committee assures that the corporate information gathering and reporting systems developed by management represent a good faith attempt to provide senior management and the Board of Directors with information regarding material acts, events and conditions within CHS. In addition, the Audit Committee is directly responsible for the appointment, compensation and oversight of the independent registered public accounting firm.
We do not believe that any member of the Audit Committee of the Board of Directors is an "audit committee financial expert” as defined in the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 and the rules and regulations thereunder. As a cooperative, members of our Board of Directors are nominated and elected by our members. To ensure geographic representation of our members, the Board of Directors represents eight regions in which our members are located. The Voting Members in each region nominate and elect the number of directors for that region as set forth in our bylaws. To be eligible for service as a director, a nominee must among other things, (i) be an active farmer or rancher, (ii) be a Class A Individual Member of CHS or a member of a Cooperative Association Member and (iii) reside in the geographic region from which he or she is nominated. Neither management nor the incumbent directors have any control over the nominating process for directors. Because of the nomination procedure and the election process, we cannot ensure that an elected director will be an "audit committee financial expert.” However, many of our directors, including all of the Audit Committee members, are financially sophisticated and have experience or background in which they have had significant financial oversight responsibilities. The current Audit Committee includes directors who have served as presidents or chairmen of local cooperative association boards. Members of the Board of Directors, including the Audit Committee, also operate large commercial enterprises requiring expertise in all areas of management, including financial oversight.
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ITEM 11. EXECUTIVE COMPENSATION
Compensation Discussion and Analysis
Executive Compensation
Overview
This Compensation Discussion and Analysis describes the material elements of compensation awarded to each of the following executive officers (our "Named Executive Officers") for fiscal 2018, which ran from September 1, 2017, through August 31, 2018:

Jay Debertin | President and Chief Executive Officer
Timothy Skidmore | Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer
Darin Hunhoff | Executive Vice President, Energy and Foods
James Zappa | Executive Vice President and General Counsel
Richard Dusek | Executive Vice President, Country Operations
Shirley Cunningham | Former Executive Vice President, Ag Business and Enterprise Strategy

Changes to our Named Executive Officers during fiscal 2018 included the addition of Richard Dusek, our Executive Vice President, Country Operations. Shirley Cunningham, our former Executive Vice President, Ag Business and Enterprise Strategy, left CHS on May 4, 2018.
CHS is an organization that exists to, among other things, help our owners grow. CHS compensation programs are designed to attract, retain and reward the executives who carry out this promise, and align them around attainment of CHS short- and long-term success.
This section outlines the compensation and benefit programs as well as the materials and factors used to assist us in making compensation decisions. In this Compensation Discussion and Analysis, the related compensation tables and the accompanying narratives, all references to a given year refer to our fiscal year ending on August 31 of that year.
Compensation Philosophy and Objectives
The Governance Committee of our Board of Directors oversees the administration of, and the fundamental changes to, our executive compensation and benefits programs. The primary principles and objectives in compensating our executive officers include:

• | Attract and retain exceptional talent who meet our leadership expectations and are engaged and committed to the long-term success of CHS, by providing market-competitive compensation and benefit programs;

• | Align executive rewards to quantifiable annual and long-term performance goals that drive enterprise results and provide competitive returns to our member-owners;

• | Emphasize pay for performance by providing a total direct compensation mix of fixed and variable pay that is primarily weighted on annual and long-term incentives, in order to reward annual and sustained performance over the long term; and

• | Ensure compliance with government mandates and regulations.

There are no material changes anticipated to our compensation philosophy or objectives for fiscal 2019.
Components of Executive Compensation and Benefits
Our executive compensation programs are designed to attract and retain highly qualified executives and to motivate them to optimize member-owner returns by achieving specified goals. The compensation program links executive compensation directly to our annual and long-term financial performance. A significant portion of each executive’s compensation is dependent upon meeting financial goals and a smaller portion is linked to individual performance objectives.
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Each year, the Governance Committee of our Board of Directors reviews our executive compensation policies with respect to the correlation between executive compensation and the creation of member-owner value, as well as the competitiveness of our executive compensation programs. The Governance Committee, with input from a third-party consultant if necessary, determines what, if any, changes are appropriate to our executive compensation programs, including the incentive plan goals applicable to our Named Executive Officers under the incentive compensation plans to which they and other employees are eligible. The third-party consultant is chosen and hired directly by the Governance Committee to provide guidance regarding market competitive levels of base pay, annual variable pay and long-term incentive pay, as well as market competitive allocations between base pay, annual variable pay and long-term incentive pay for our Chief Executive Officer ("CEO"). The data is shared with our Board of Directors, which makes final decisions regarding our CEO’s base pay, annual incentive pay and long-term incentive pay, as well as the allocation of compensation between base pay, annual incentive pay and long-term incentive pay. There are no formal policies for allocation between long-term and short-term compensation, other than the intention of being competitive with the external compensation market for comparable positions and being consistent with our compensation philosophy and objectives. The Governance Committee recommends to our Board of Directors salary actions relative to our CEO and approves annual and long-term incentive awards for the CEO based on performance of the Company compared to the financial targets and, as applicable, individual performance. In turn, our Board of Directors communicates this pay information to our CEO. Our CEO is not involved with the selection of the third-party consultant and does not participate in, or observe, Governance Committee meetings that concern CEO compensation matters. Based on a review of compensation market data provided by our human resources department (survey sources and pricing methodology are explained below under “Components of Compensation”), with input from a third-party consultant if necessary, our CEO decides base compensation levels for the other Named Executive Officers, recommends for Board of Directors approval the annual and long-term incentive pay plan performance goals applicable to the other Named Executive Officers (and other employees) and communicates base and incentive compensation pay to the other Named Executive Officers. The day-to-day design and administration of compensation and benefit plans are managed by our human resources, finance and legal departments.
Components of Compensation
Our executive compensation and benefits program consists of seven components. Each component is designed to be competitive within the executive compensation market. In determining competitive compensation levels, we analyze information from independent compensation surveys, which include information regarding comparable industries, markets, revenues and companies that compete with us for executive talent. The surveys used for this analysis in fiscal 2018 included a combination of the following sources: AonHewitt Total Compensation Measurement, Mercer Benchmark Database Executive Compensation Survey and Towers Watson CDB Executive Compensation Survey Report. The data extracted from these surveys includes median market rates for base salary, annual incentive, total cash compensation and total direct compensation. Companies included in the surveys vary by industry, revenue and number of employees, and represent both public and private ownership, as well as non-profit, government and mutual organizations. Compensation paid by a comparator group of industry specific companies, which includes 16 private, public and cooperative organizations in the agronomy, energy, food and grain industries, is also considered when making compensation decisions.
The following companies comprised the 2018 comparator group:

Agrium | Cargill | Land O'Lakes
Andersons | ConAgra Foods | Monsanto
Archer Daniels Midland | Dean Foods | Mosaic
Ashland | Kinder Morgan | Valero Energy
Bunge | Koch Industries | Williams Companies
CF Industries |  |

The emphasis of our executive compensation package is weighted more on variable pay through annual variable pay and long-term incentive awards. This is consistent with our compensation philosophy of emphasizing a strong link between pay, employee performance and business goals to foster a clear line-of-sight and strong commitment to CHS short-term and long-term success, and also aligns our programs with general market practices. The goal is to provide our executives with an overall compensation package that is competitive in comparable industries, companies and markets. We target the market median for base pay, target total cash and target total direct compensation, and 75th percentile for total direct compensation for above market performance.
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For fiscal 2018, base pay was below the market median, total cash compensation was above the market median, and total direct compensation was below the market median. The above market median total cash compensation occurred because actual earned annual variable pay awards exceeded Target performance, and total direct compensation levels were below the market median because no awards were earned under the CHS Long Term Incentive Plan (the "LTIP") for the 2016-2018 performance period.
The following table presents a more detailed breakout of each compensation element:

P ay Element | D efinition of Pay Element | P urpose of Pay Element
Base Pay | Competitive base level of compensation provided relative to skills, experience, knowledge and contributions | • Provides the fundamental element of compensation for carrying out duties of the job
Annual Variable Pay | Broad-based employee short-term performance based variable pay incentive for achieving predetermined annual financial and individual performance goals | • Provides a direct link between pay and annual business objectives • Pay for performance to motivate and encourage the achievement of critical business initiatives • Encourages proper expense control and containment
Profit Sharing | Broad-based employee short-term performance based variable pay incentive for achieving predetermined annual financial goals | • Provides a direct link between employee pay and CHS profitability
Long-Term Incentive Plans | Long-term performance based incentive for senior management to achieve predetermined triennial return on adjusted equity performance or return on invested capital goals | • Provides a direct link between senior management pay and long-term strategic business objectives • Aligns management and member-owner interests • Encourages retention of key management
Retirement Benefits | Retirement benefits under the qualified retirement plans are identical to the broad-based retirement plans generally available to all full-time employees | • These benefits are a part of our broad-based employee total rewards program designed to attract and retain quality employees
| The supplemental plans include non-qualified retirement benefits that restore qualified benefits contained in our broad-based plans for employees whose retirement benefits are limited by salary caps under the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the "Internal Revenue Code"). In addition, the plans allow participants to voluntarily defer receipt of a portion of their income | • These benefits are provided to attract and retain senior managers with total rewards programs that are competitive with comparable companies
Health & Welfare Benefits | Medical, dental, vision, life insurance and short-term disability benefits generally available to all full-time employees. Certain officers, including our Named Executive Officers, also are eligible for executive long-term disability benefits | • With the exception of executive long-term disability benefits, these benefits are a part of our broad-based employee total rewards program designed to attract and retain quality employees
Additional Benefits | Additional benefits provided to certain officers, including our Named Executive Officers | • These benefits are provided as part of an overall total rewards package that strives to be competitive with comparable companies and retain individuals who are critical to CHS

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Explanation of Ratio of Salary and Bonus to Total Compensation
The structure of our executive compensation package is focused on a suitable mix of base pay, annual variable pay and long-term incentive awards in order to encourage executive officers and employees to strive to achieve goals that benefit our member-owners’ interests over the long term, and to better align our programs with general market practices.
Fiscal 2018 Executive Compensation Mix at Target
The charts below illustrate the mix of base salary, annual variable pay at target performance (2018 Plan), and long-term incentive compensation at target performance (2016-2018 Plan) for fiscal 2018 for our CEO and the other Named Executive Officers as a group.
Base Pay:
Base salaries of our Named Executive Officers represent a fixed form of compensation paid on a semi-monthly basis. The base salaries are generally set at the median level of market data collected through our benchmarking process against other equivalent positions of comparable companies. The individual's actual salary relative to the market median is based on a number of factors, which include, but are not limited to, scope of responsibilities and individual experience.
Base salaries for our Named Executive Officers are reviewed on an annual basis or at the time of significant changes in scope and level of responsibilities. Changes in base salaries are determined through review of competitive market data, as well as individual performance and contribution. Changes are not governed by pre-established weighting factors or merit metrics.
The CEO is responsible for this process for the other Named Executive Officers. The Governance Committee is responsible for this process for the CEO.
Mr. Debertin received a 2.5% base salary increase effective January 1, 2018. Our Board of Directors approved the increase in order to maintain a competitive pay position to market. Mr. Skidmore, Mr. Hunhoff, Mr. Zappa and Ms. Cunningham were also given base salary increases in fiscal 2018 to ensure their base salaries were commensurate with their responsibilities, skills, contributions and competitive pay range. Specifically, in fiscal 2018, their base salary increases were 2.5%, 6.0%, 6.2% and 2.5%, respectively. Mr. Dusek was promoted to the position of Executive Vice President, Country Operations in November 2017 and received a base pay increase of 38.7% at that time to reflect his new responsibilities compared to his previous position of Vice President, Agronomy. Mr. Dusek then received an additional 2.5% base salary increase effective January 1, 2018 to ensure that his base salary was commensurate with his responsibilities, skills, contributions and competitive pay range.
Annual Variable Pay:
Named Executive Officers are covered by the same broad-based CHS Annual Variable Pay Plan (the "Annual Variable Pay Plan" or "AVP") as other employees, and based on the plan provisions, when they retire they receive awards prorated to the
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period of time eligible. Each Named Executive Officer was eligible to participate in the AVP for fiscal 2018. Target AVP award levels were set with reference to competitive market compensation levels and were intended to motivate our executives by providing annual variable pay awards for the achievement of predetermined goals. Target AVP award levels for fiscal 2018 increased from 70% to 115% of base salary for Named Executive Officers, excluding Mr. Debertin, to improve our competitive position to market. Our AVP program for fiscal 2018 was based on enterprise-level financial performance and specific management business objectives with actual payout dependent on CHS achieving pre-determined enterprise-level financial performance targets and non-financial individual performance goals. The financial performance components included Return on Invested Capital ("ROIC") and Return on Assets ("ROA") targets for CHS at the enterprise level. The threshold, target and maximum ROIC and ROA targets for fiscal 2018 are set forth in the table below. The management business objectives include individual performance against specific goals such as business profitability, strategic initiatives and talent development. In conjunction with the annual performance appraisal process for our CEO, our Board of Directors reviews the individual non-financial goals, and in turn, determines and approves this portion of the annual variable pay award based upon completion or partial completion of the previously specified goals and principal accountabilities for our CEO. Likewise, our CEO uses the same process for determining individual goal attainment for the other Named Executive Officers.
CHS financial performance goals and award opportunities under our fiscal 2018 Annual Variable Pay Plan were as follows:

P erformance Level |  | CHS Company Performance Goal |  | CHS Company Performance Goal |  | Percent of Target Award
Maximum |  | 5.7% Return on Invested Capital |  | 6.0% Return on Assets |  | 200%
Target |  | 4.7% Return on Invested Capital |  | 5.1% Return on Assets |  | 100%
Threshold |  | 3.7% Return on Invested Capital |  | 4.3% Return on Assets |  | 50%
Below Threshold |  | <3.7% Return on Invested Capital |  | <4.3% Return on Assets |  | 0%

ROIC is a measurement of how efficiently we use capital and the level of returns on that capital, and is calculated by dividing adjusted net operating profit after tax by the sum of funded debt plus equity. We define adjusted net operating profit after tax as earnings before tax plus interest, net, and the sum is multiplied by the effective tax rate. We define funded debt as the average of the funded debt as of the end of July 2017 and 2018, respectively, and equity at the end of July 2017.
ROA is a measurement of how well we use our assets to generate earnings and maximize returns on our owner equity and assets, and is calculated by dividing adjusted operating income by net assets. We define adjusted operating income as earnings before income taxes plus interest, net, plus corporate indirect allocations. We define net assets as total assets minus working capital liabilities; where working capital liabilities means current liabilities excluding current portions of debt or financing liabilities, and is measured as of the end of July 2017.
ROIC and ROA are not defined under U.S. GAAP. Therefore, they should not be considered a substitute for other measures prepared in accordance with U.S. GAAP and may not be comparable to similarly titled measures used by other companies.
Our Board of Directors approved the ROIC and ROA performance targets for the fiscal 2018 AVP and determined our CEO’s individual goals. The weighting of our CEO’s goals for fiscal 2018 was 60% CHS total company ROIC, 10% CHS total company ROA, and 30% principal accountabilities and individual goals. Our CEO determined non-financial individual goals for the other Named Executive Officers. The weighting of goals for the other Named Executive Officers for fiscal 2018 was 60% CHS total company ROIC, 10% CHS total company ROA, and 30% individual goals.
For fiscal 2018, ROIC results were 9.0% and ROA results were 7.0%.
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As described in "Compensation Recovery" below, in connection with the restatement of our consolidated financial statements for the fiscal years ended August 31, 2017 and 2016, and unaudited financial information for the fiscal years ended August 31, 2015 and 2014, each of Messrs. Debertin, Skidmore, Zappa, and Dusek voluntarily requested that our Board of Directors exercise its negative discretion under applicable employment agreement provisions and/or Annual Variable Pay Plan provisions to reduce the amount the Named Executive Officer will earn under the Annual Variable Pay Plan for fiscal 2018 by an amount equal to the sum of the incentive compensation paid or awarded to the Named Executive Officer under the Annual Variable Play Plan, Profit Sharing Plan and LTIP with respect to prior fiscal years that was in excess of the incentive compensation that would have been awarded to the Named Executive Officer pursuant to such plans under the restated financial statements. Our Board of Directors accepted the Named Executive Officers’ requests and exercised such negative discretion. Specifically:

• | Mr. Debertin’s earned amount was reduced by $62,411;

• | Mr. Skidmore’s earned amount was reduced by $73,213;

• | Mr. Zappa’s earned amount was reduced by $63,410; and

• | Mr. Dusek’s earned amount was reduced by $6,213.

It was not necessary for Mr. Hunhoff to make any such voluntary request, because during any year for which excess incentive compensation was paid, he was employed in a non-senior executive leadership role in our Energy segment. Ms. Cunningham voluntarily retired from the Company during fiscal 2018. Though she is no longer employed by the Company and there is no contractual obligation that would allow us to recover such incentive compensation from her, Ms. Cunningham voluntarily agreed to permit the Company to recover the $88,451 in excess compensation earned by her during the same period of years.
Accordingly, annual variable pay awards that will be paid under the Annual Variable Pay Plan for fiscal 2018 for the Named Executive Officers are as follows:

Jay Debertin | $ | 3,473,839 |
Timothy Skidmore | $ | 1,115,086 |
Darin Hunhoff | $ | 1,219,000 |
James Zappa | $ | 1,086,591 |
Richard Dusek | $ | 1,137,174 |
Shirley Cunningham | $ | — |

For fiscal 2019, ROIC and ROA will continue to be utilized as financial metrics under the Annual Variable Pay Plan.
Profit Sharing:
Each Named Executive Officer is eligible to participate in our Profit Sharing Plan applicable to other employees. The purpose of the Profit Sharing Plan is to provide a direct link between employee pay and our profitability. Annual profit sharing contributions are calculated as a percent of base pay and annual variable pay (total earnings) and are made to the CHS Inc. 401(k) Plan (the "401(k) Plan") account and CHS Inc. Deferred Compensation Plan (the "Deferred Compensation Plan") account of each Named Executive Officer. The levels of profit sharing awards vary in relation to the level of CHS ROIC achieved and are displayed in the following table:

Return On Invested Capital |  | Profit Sharing Award
5.7% |  | 5%
5.2% |  | 4%
4.7% |  | 3%
4.2% |  | 2%
3.7% |  | 1%

In fiscal 2018 ROIC results were 9.0%. Accordingly, each Named Executive Officer earned a 5% award under the Profit Sharing Plan.
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For fiscal 2019, the Profit Sharing Plan goals will be based on an ROIC performance metric.
Long-Term Incentive Plans:
Each Named Executive Officer is eligible to participate in our LTIP. The purpose of the LTIP is to align long-term results with long-term performance goals, encourage our Named Executive Officers to maximize long-term value for our member-owners, and retain key executives. The LTIP consists of three-year performance periods to ensure consideration is made for our long-term sustainability with a new performance period beginning every year. Our Board of Directors approves the LTIP goals.
Awards from the LTIP are contributed to the Deferred Compensation Plan after the end of each performance period. These awards vest over an additional 28-month period following the performance period end date. The extended earning and vesting provisions of the LTIP are designed to help us retain key executives. Participants who leave CHS prior to retirement for reasons other than death or disability forfeit all unearned and unvested LTIP award balances. Participants who meet retirement criteria, die or become disabled receive prorated awards following the LTIP rules. Like the Annual Variable Pay Plan, award levels for the LTIP are set with regard to competitive considerations. Beginning with the fiscal 2018-2020 LTIP performance period, the target level LTIP award levels increased from 70% to 115% of base salary for Named Executive Officers, excluding Mr. Debertin, to improve our competitive position to market.
For the 3-year LTIP period ending in fiscal 2018, the LTIP performance measure was based upon our Return on Adjusted Equity ("ROAE") during the period. ROAE is a measurement of our profitability and is calculated by dividing adjusted net income (earnings) by adjusted equity. To determine the equity and earnings adjustments, we subtract preferred stock dividends (paid on beginning of the fiscal year preferred stock) from earnings, and reduce equity by the beginning of the fiscal year preferred stock on the balance sheet. Earnings are subject to one-time exclusions or inclusions in any given fiscal year. Award opportunities for the fiscal 2016-2018 LTIP are expressed as a percentage of a participant’s average base salary for the three-year performance period. We must meet a three-year period threshold level of ROAE performance in order for any participant to earn an award payout under the 2016-2018 LTIP. As indicated in the below table, the threshold, target, maximum and superior performance maximum ROAE goals for the fiscal 2016-2018 performance period were 8%, 10%, 14% and 20%, respectively.

P erformance Level |  | CHS Three Year ROAE |  | Percent of Target Award
Superior Performance Maximum |  | 20% |  | 400%
Maximum |  | 14% |  | 200%
Target |  | 10% |  | 100%
Threshold |  | 8% |  | 50%
Below Threshold |  | <8% |  | 0%

The actual ROAE performance for the fiscal 2016-2018 performance period was 4.03%. Because this actual performance was below the 8.0% threshold, no awards relating to the fiscal 2016-2018 performance period were earned by any of the Named Executive Officers under the LTIP.
Details for fiscal 2018 awards associated with the fiscal 2018-2020 LTIP performance period are provided in the “2018 Grants of Plan-Based Awards” table.
Beginning with the fiscal 2018-2020 performance period, the LTIP ROAE performance metric was replaced with an ROIC performance metric. ROIC will continue to be used as the LTIP performance metric for the fiscal 2019-2021 performance period.
Other Compensation:
To preserve key leadership continuity and bench strength, as well as a total direct compensation opportunity amount that is competitive to market, in November 2017, our Board of Directors approved a retention award (the "Retention Award") for certain of our senior officers, including each of the Named Executive Officers who both were active participants in the 2015-2017 LTIP, and who were active employees on the date the award was approved. The potential award value is the
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percentage of base salary used for the 2015-2017 LTIP awards at the Threshold level, based on the participant’s job level as of the date the retention award was granted, and will be earned only if a participant continues active employment through January 1, 2020, or meets the limited pro ration criteria provided in the award.
Retirement Benefits:
We provide the following retirement and deferral programs to Named Executive Officers:

• | CHS Inc. Pension Plan

• | CHS Inc. 401(k) Plan

• | CHS Inc. Supplemental Executive Retirement Plan

• | CHS Inc. Deferred Compensation Plan

CHS Inc. Pension Plan
The CHS Inc. Pension Plan (the "Pension Plan") is a tax-qualified defined benefit pension plan. All Named Executive Officers participate in the Pension Plan. A Named Executive Officer is fully vested in the Pension Plan after three years of vesting service. The Pension Plan provides for a lump sum payment of the participant’s account balance once the Named Executive Officer reaches normal retirement age (or, alternatively, for a monthly annuity for the Named Executive Officer’s lifetime if elected by the Named Executive Officer). The normal form of benefit for a single Named Executive Officer is a life annuity, and for a married Named Executive Officer the normal form of benefit is a 50% joint and survivor annuity. Other annuity forms are also available on an actuarial equivalent basis. Compensation and benefits are limited based on limits imposed by the Internal Revenue Code.
A Named Executive Officer’s benefit under the Pension Plan depends on pay credits to their account, which are based on the Named Executive Officer’s total salary and annual variable pay for each year of employment, date of hire, age at date of hire and the length of service, and investment credits, which are computed using the interest crediting rate and the Named Executive Officer’s account balance at the beginning of the plan year.
The amount of pay credits added to a Named Executive Officer’s account each year is a percentage of the Named Executive Officer’s base salary and annual variable pay plus compensation reduction pursuant to the 401(k) Plan, and any pretax contribution to any of our welfare benefit plans, paid vacations, paid leaves of absence and pay received if away from work due to a sickness or injury. The pay credits percentage received is determined on a yearly basis, based on the years of benefit service completed as of December 31st of each year. A Named Executive Officer receives one year of benefit service for every calendar year of employment in which the Named Executive Officer completed at least 1,000 hours of service.
Pay credits are earned according to the following schedule:
Regular Pay Credits

Y ears of Benefit Service | Pay Below Social Security Taxable Wage Base |  | Pay Above Social Security Taxable Wage Base
1 - 3 years | 3% |  | 6%
4 - 7 years | 4% |  | 8%
8 - 11 years | 5% |  | 10%
12 - 15 years | 6% |  | 12%
16 years or more | 7% |  | 14%

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Mid Career Pay Credits
Employees hired after age 40 qualify for the following minimum pay credit:

| Minimum Pay Credit
A ge at Date of Hire | Pay Below Social Security Taxable Wage Base |  | Pay Above Social Security Taxable Wage Base
Age 40 - 44 | 4% |  | 8%
Age 45 - 49 | 5% |  | 10%
Age 50 or more | 6% |  | 12%

Investment Credits
We credit a Named Executive Officer’s account at the end of the calendar year with an investment credit based on the balance at the beginning of the year. The investment credit is based on the average return for one-year U.S. Treasury bills for the preceding 12-month period. The minimum interest rate under the Pension Plan is 4.65% and the maximum is 10%.
CHS Inc. 401(k) Plan
The 401(k) Plan is a tax-qualified defined contribution retirement plan. Most full-time, non-union CHS employees are eligible to participate in the 401(k) Plan, including each Named Executive Officer. Participants may contribute between 1% and 50% of their pay on a pretax basis. We match 100% of the first 1% and 50% of the next 5% of pay contributed each year (maximum 3.5%). Our Board of Directors may elect to reduce or eliminate matching contributions for any year or any portion thereof. Participants are 100% vested in their own contributions and are fully vested after two years of service in matching contributions made on the participant’s behalf by us.
Non-participants are automatically enrolled in the plan at a 3% contribution rate and, effective each January 1, the participant’s contribution will be automatically increased by 1%. This escalation will stop once the participant’s contribution reaches 10%. The participant may elect to cancel or change these automatic deductions at any time.
CHS Inc. Supplemental Executive Retirement Plan and CHS Inc. Deferred Compensation Plan
Because the Internal Revenue Code limits the benefits that may be paid from the Pension Plan and the 401(k) Plan, the CHS Inc. Supplemental Executive Retirement Plan (the "SERP") and the Deferred Compensation Plan were established to provide certain employees participating in the qualified plans with supplemental benefits such that, in the aggregate, they equal the benefits they would have been entitled to receive under the qualified plan had these limits not been in effect. The SERP also includes compensation deferred under the Deferred Compensation Plan that is excluded under the qualified retirement plan. All Named Executive Officers participate in the SERP. Participants in the plans are select management or highly compensated employees who have been designated as eligible by our CEO to participate.
Compensation includes total salary and annual variable pay without regard to limitations on compensation imposed by the Internal Revenue Code. Company contributions under the Pension Plan and 401(k) Plan are not eligible for pay credits.
Certain Named Executive Officers may have accumulated non-qualified plan balances or benefits that have been carried over from predecessor companies as a result of past mergers and acquisitions. Benefits from the SERP are primarily funded in a rabbi trust, with a balance at August 31, 2018, of $30.3 million. Benefits from the plan do not qualify for special tax treatment under the Internal Revenue Code.
The Deferred Compensation Plan allows eligible Named Executive Officers to voluntarily defer receipt of up to 75% of their base salary and up to 100% of their annual variable pay. The election must occur prior to the beginning of the calendar year in which the compensation will be earned. During the year ended August 31, 2018, all of the Named Executive Officers were eligible to participate in the Deferred Compensation Plan. Mr. Debertin, Mr. Skidmore, Mr. Zappa and Ms. Cunningham participated in the elective portion of the Deferred Compensation Plan.
Benefits from the Deferred Compensation Plan are primarily funded in a rabbi trust, with a balance as of August 31, 2018, of $122.7 million. Benefits from the plan do not qualify for special tax treatment under the Internal Revenue Code.
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Health & Welfare Benefits:
Like our other employees, each of the Named Executive Officers is entitled to receive benefits under our comprehensive health and welfare program. Like non-executive full-time employees, participation in the individual benefit plans is based on each Named Executive Officer’s annual benefit elections and varies by individual.
Medical Plans
Named Executive Officers and their dependents may participate in our medical plan on the same basis as other eligible full-time employees. The plan provides each Named Executive Officer an opportunity to choose a level of coverage and coverage options with varying deductibles and co-pays in order to pay for hospitalization, physician and prescription drug expenses. The cost of this coverage is shared by us and the covered Named Executive Officer.
Dental, Vision, and Hearing Plan
Named Executive Officers and their dependents may participate in our dental, vision, and hearing plan on the same basis as other eligible full-time employees. The plan provides coverage for basic dental, vision and hearing expenses. The cost of this coverage is shared by us and the covered Named Executive Officer.
Life, AD&D and Dependent Life Insurance
Named Executive Officers and their dependents may participate in our basic life, optional life, accidental death and dismemberment ("AD&D") and dependent life plans on the same basis as other eligible full-time employees. The plans allow Named Executive Officers an opportunity to purchase group life insurance on the same basis as other eligible full-time employees. Basic life insurance equal to one times eligible compensation will be provided at our expense on the same basis as other eligible full-time employees. Named Executive Officers can choose various coverage levels of optional life insurance at their own expense on the same basis as other eligible full-time employees.
Short- and Long-term Disability
Named Executive Officers participate in our Short-Term Disability Plan ("STD") on the same basis as other eligible full-time employees. The Named Executive Officers also participate in an executive Long-Term Disability Plan ("LTD"). These plans replace a portion of income in the event that a Named Executive Officer is disabled under the terms of the plan and is unable to work full-time. The cost of STD and LTD coverage is paid by us.
Flexible Spending Accounts/Health Savings Accounts/Health Reimbursement Accounts
Named Executive Officers may participate in our Flexible Spending Account ("FSA"), Health Savings Account ("HSA") or Health Reimbursement Account ("HRA") on the same basis as other eligible full-time employees. The FSA and HSA provide Named Executive Officers an opportunity to pay for certain eligible medical expenses on a pretax basis. The HRA provides Named Executive Officers an opportunity to pay for certain eligible medical expenses incurred during the year on a pretax basis. Contributions to the FSA and HSA are made by the Named Executive Officer. Contributions to the HRA are made by us and are based on the medical option selected and range between $400 and $800.
Travel Assistance Program and Identity Theft Protection
Like other non-executive full-time employees, each of the Named Executive Officers is covered by our travel assistance program and identity theft protection program. The travel assistance program provides AD&D protection should a covered injury or death occur while on a business trip. The identity theft protection program provides credit monitoring and restoration services to protect against identity theft.
Additional Benefits:
Certain benefits such as executive physical and limited financial planning assistance are available to our Named Executive Officers. These are provided as part of an overall total rewards package that strives to be competitive with comparable companies and retain individuals who are critical to us.
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Compensation Recovery:
As discussed in “Annual Variable Pay” above, in connection with the restatement of our consolidated financial statements for the fiscal years ended August 31, 2017 and 2016, and unaudited financial information for the fiscal years ended August 31, 2015 and 2014, certain of the currently employed Named Executive Officers, including Mr. Debertin, voluntarily asked our Board of Directors to reduce the amount of their award under the Annual Variable Pay Plan for fiscal 2018 by an amount equal to the sum of the incentive compensation awarded to the Named Executive Officer under the Annual Variable Play Plan, Profit Sharing Plan and LTIP with respect to prior fiscal years that was in excess of the incentive compensation that would have been awarded to the Named Executive Officer pursuant to such plans under the restated financial statements. Accordingly, our Board of Directors accepted the Named Executive Officers’, including Mr. Debertin’s request and exercised such negative discretion to reduce each person's earned annual variable pay for fiscal 2018 accordingly.
In addition, other current senior executives who report directly to Mr. Debertin and current executives who during one or more fiscal years covered by the restated financial statements had management responsibilities for the Grain Marketing business unit into which the freight trading operations reported or who led the finance function of our Ag segment, each made similar voluntary requests to our Board of Directors, and our Board of Directors exercised similar negative discretion to reduce each such person's earned annual variable pay for fiscal 2018 accordingly.
We will also be asking former senior and other executives who held similar positions to the current executives who requested reductions in their fiscal 2018 annual variable pay to voluntarily agree to allow us to recover incentive compensation earned by those former executives under the Annual Variable Play Plan, Profit Sharing Plan and LTIP with respect to the relevant prior fiscal years that was in excess of what would have been earned by those executives pursuant to such plans under the restated financial statements. However, except as noted below, none of these former executives has a contractual obligation to allow us to recover such incentive compensation, and there can be no assurance that we will be able to recover all or any portion of such incentive compensation.
On May 22, 2017, we entered into a Separation Agreement with our former President and Chief Executive Officer, Carl Casale. The terms of that Separation Agreement provide that certain provisions in Mr. Casale’s prior employment agreement with us survived the termination of Mr. Casale’s employment, and, continue in effect according to their terms. Mr. Casale’s employment agreement continues to provide that in the event of a restatement of our financial results due to any material non-compliance with financial reporting requirements, if our Board of Directors determines in good faith that any compensation paid to Mr. Casale was awarded or determined based on that material noncompliance, then we are entitled to recover from him all compensation based on the erroneous financial data in excess of what would have been paid or been payable to Mr. Casale under the restatement, for a three-year period preceding the date on which we are required to prepare the accounting restatement. Our Board of Directors has determined in good faith that certain incentive compensation Mr. Casale earned under the Annual Variable Play Plan, Profit Sharing Plan and LTIP with respect to prior fiscal years within that 3-year period was based on the Company’s material non-compliance with financial reporting requirements and was in excess of the amount that Mr. Casale would have earned pursuant to such plans under the restated financial statements. Our Board of Directors determined that the amount of that excess incentive compensation was $249,034 and further determined to recover that amount from Mr. Casale.
Agreements with Named Executive Officers
On May 22, 2017, Mr. Debertin was elected as our President and CEO, and in connection therewith entered into an employment agreement with us on that date (the "Employment Agreement").
Pursuant to the terms of the Employment Agreement, Mr. Debertin is entitled to, among other things:

• | An annual base salary of $1,150,000, subject to increase by our Board of Directors from time to time;

• | A target annual incentive compensation award of 150% of his base salary with a maximum potential annual incentive compensation award of 300% of his base salary, based on the achievement of performance targets set by our Board of Directors; and

• | A target long-term incentive compensation award of 150% of his average base salary during the three-year performance period applicable to that award opportunity, with a maximum superior performance potential

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long-term incentive compensation award of 500% of his average base salary during the three-year performance period applicable to that award.
The Employment Agreement provides that in the event of a restatement of our financial results due to material noncompliance with financial reporting requirements, if our Board of Directors determines in good faith that any compensation paid (or payable but not yet paid) to Mr. Debertin was awarded or determined based on that material noncompliance, then we are entitled to recover from him (or to reduce compensation determined but not yet paid) all compensation based on the erroneous financial data in excess of what would have been paid or been payable to him under the restatement. Given the reduction in Mr. Debertin’s annual variable pay for fiscal 2018, as described in “Compensation Recovery” above, our Board of Directors did not believe it was necessary for it to recover any additional compensation from Mr. Debertin in connection with the restated financial statements.
The severance pay and benefits to which Mr. Debertin would be entitled if we terminated his employment without cause or, if he terminated his employment for “good reason” are described below under “Post Employment”.
Mr. Zappa, our Executive Vice President and General Counsel, joined us in April 2015 and the terms of his employment provided for certain payments to him in respect of compensation earned from his former employer during past periods but forfeited in order to accept employment with us due to vesting requirements and other restrictions. Specifically, Mr. Zappa was entitled to receive three payments on the following schedule: $101,667 in April 2015; $101,667 in April 2016; and $101,667 in April 2017.
In connection with the end of Ms. Cunningham's employment on May 4, 2018, we entered into a letter agreement with Ms. Cunningham, dated March 15, 2018 (the "Letter Agreement"). The Letter Agreement, as well as the payments to which Ms. Cunningham was entitled to thereunder in connection with the end of her employment, are described below under "Post Employment".
Tax Considerations
Section 162(m) of the Internal Revenue Code ("Section 162(m)") generally limits us to a deduction for federal income tax purposes of no more than $1 million of compensation paid to certain current and former executive officers in a taxable year. However, historically, the $1 million deduction limit did not apply to compensation that satisfied Section 162(m)'s requirements for qualified performance-based compensation. Accordingly, we historically attempted to preserve the deductibility under the Internal Revenue Code, of compensation paid to our executive officers while maintaining compensation programs to attract and retain highly qualified executives in a competitive environment. However, effective for tax years beginning after December 31, 2017, the exemption for qualified performance-based compensation from the $1 million deduction limitation contained in Section 162(m) has been repealed, unless certain transition relief for certain compensation arrangements in place as of November 2, 2017, is available. As such, certain compensation paid in excess of $1 million, which has historically been deductible by us for federal tax purposes, may no longer be deductible.
We believe that Section 162(m) is only one of several relevant considerations in setting compensation. We also believe that Section 162(m) should not be permitted to compromise our ability to design and maintain executive compensation arrangements that, among other things, are intended to attract and retain highly qualified executives in a competitive environment. As a result, we retain the flexibility to provide compensation that we determine to be in our best interests and the best interests of our member-owners, even if that compensation ultimately is not deductible for tax purposes.
Shareholder Advisory Votes on Executive Compensation
We are not required to, and do not, conduct shareholder advisory votes on executive compensation under section 14A of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934.
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Summary Compensation Table

N ame and Principal Position | Year |  | Salary ($) 1,2,3 |  | Bonus ($) 2,4,5,6 |  | Non-Equity Incentive Plan Compensation($) 1,2,7,8 |  | Change in Pension Value and Non-Qualified Deferred Compensation Earnings ($) 2,9 |  | All Other Compensation($) 2,10-16 |  | Total ($) 2
Jay Debertin President and Chief Executive Officer | 2018 |  | 1,169,167 |  |  |  |  | $ | 3,473,839 |  |  | 372,721 |  |  | 90,579 |  |  | 5,106,306 |
2017 |  | 815,365 |  |  | — |  |  | 862,500 |  |  | 293,497 |  |  | 41,611 |  |  | 2,012,973 |
2016 |  | 667,242 |  |  | — |  |  | 789,871 |  |  | 722,208 |  |  | 156,018 |  |  | 2,335,339 |
Timothy Skidmore Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer | 2018 |  | 602,883 |  |  | — |  |  | 1,115,086 |  |  | 106,115 |  |  | 44,133 |  |  | 1,868,217 |
2017 |  | 523,500 |  |  | 100,000 |  |  | 207,550 |  |  | 95,952 |  |  | 30,114 |  |  | 957,116 |
2016 |  | 487,135 |  |  | 235,163 |  |  | 576,744 |  |  | 193,174 |  |  | 106,614 |  |  | 1,598,830 |
Darin Hunhoff Executive Vice President, Energy and Foods | 2018 |  | 520,000 |  |  | — |  |  | 1,219,000 |  |  | 56,050 |  |  | 38,457 |  |  | 1,833,507 |
2017 |  | 443,670 |  |  | 100,000 |  |  | 175,000 |  |  | 75,198 |  |  | 18,030 |  |  | 811,898 |
James Zappa Executive Vice President and General Counsel | 2018 |  | 490,267 |  |  | — |  |  | 1,086,591 |  |  | 68,928 |  |  | 42,646 |  |  | 1,688,432 |
2017 |  | 467,223 |  |  | 201,667 |  |  | 164,780 |  |  | 69,638 |  |  | 23,142 |  |  | 926,450 |
2016 |  | 423,667 |  |  | 101,667 |  |  | 508,961 |  |  | 140,794 |  |  | 96,356 |  |  | 1,271,445 |
Richard Dusek Executive Vice President, Country Operations | 2018 |  | 468,012 |  |  | — |  |  | 1,137,174 |  |  | 20,449 |  |  | 39,089 |  |  | 1,664,724 |
Shirley Cunningham Former Executive Vice President, Ag Business and Enterprise Strategy | 2018 |  | 495,113 |  |  | — |  |  |  |  | 97,743 |  |  | 283,526 |  |  | 876,382 |
2017 |  | 612,000 |  |  | — |  |  | 216,300 |  |  | 112,784 |  |  | 37,576 |  |  | 978,660 |
2016 |  | 593,983 |  |  | — |  |  | 683,022 |  |  | 235,579 |  |  | 117,214 |  |  | 1,629,798 |

(1) | Amounts reflect the gross salary and non-equity incentive plan compensation, as applicable, and include any applicable deferrals. Mr. Debertin deferred $157,167 in fiscal 2018, $0 in fiscal 2017 and $893,546 in fiscal 2016; Mr. Skidmore deferred $303,483 in fiscal 2018, $52,350 in fiscal 2017 and $249,224 in fiscal 2016; Mr. Zappa deferred $82,390 in fiscal 2018; and Ms. Cunningham deferred $244,550 in fiscal 2018, $100,000 in fiscal 2017 and $852,078 in fiscal 2016.

(2) | Information on Mr. Hunhoff includes compensation beginning in fiscal 2017, the first year in which he became a Named Executive Officer, and information on Mr. Dusek includes compensation beginning in fiscal 2018, the first year in which he became a Named Executive Officer.

(3) | Salary for Ms. Cunningham includes base pay and accrued paid time off that was paid upon her departure.

(4) | Includes payments to Mr. Skidmore of $100,000 in fiscal 2017, for providing additional strong leadership of and significant time commitment to the ongoing management of multiple business and financial challenges, all in addition to performing his regular Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer role, and $235,163 in fiscal 2016 covering earned and forfeited compensation from previous employment.

(5) | Includes payments to Mr. Zappa of $201,667 in fiscal 2017, $100,000 of which was for providing additional strong leadership of and significant time commitment to the ongoing management of multiple business and governance challenges, all in addition to performing his regular Executive Vice President and General Counsel role, and $101,667 of which covered earned and forfeited compensation from previous employment, and $101,667 in fiscal 2016, covering earned and forfeited compensation from previous employment.

(6) | Includes payment to Mr. Hunhoff of $100,000 in fiscal 2017 for taking on additional leadership roles in addition to performing his new role as Executive Vice President, Energy and Foods.

(7) | Amounts include annual variable pay awards and Long-term incentive awards.

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The actual annual variable pay award value was as follows in fiscal 2018, 2017 and 2016, respectively: Mr. Debertin, $3,473,839, $862,500 and $0; Mr. Skidmore, $1,115,086, $207,550 and $0; Mr. Hunhoff, $1,219,000 and $175,000 (Mr. Hunhoff was not a Named Executive Officer in fiscal 2016); Mr. Zappa, $1,086,591, $164,780 and $0; Mr. Dusek $1,137,174 (Mr. Dusek was not a Named Executive Officer in fiscal 2017 or 2016); and Ms. Cunningham, $0, $216,300, and $0.
These annual variable pay award values exclude awards in the following amounts with respect to fiscal 2018 that our Board of Directors reduced at the voluntary request of the Named Executive Officers in connection with our restated financial statements: Mr. Debertin, $62,411; Mr. Skidmore, $73,213; Mr. Zappa, $63,410; and Mr. Dusek, $6,213.
The actual long-term incentive award value was as follows in fiscal 2018, 2017 and 2016, respectively: Mr. Debertin, $0, $0, and $789,871; Mr. Skidmore, $0, $0, and $576,744; Mr. Hunhoff, $0 and $0 (Mr. Hunhoff was not a Named Executive Officer in fiscal 2016); Mr. Zappa, $0, $0 and $508,961; Mr. Dusek, $0 (Mr. Dusek was not a Named Executive Officer in fiscal 2017 or 2016); Ms. Cunningham, $0, $0, and $683,022.

(8) | Excludes award of $120,000 that was earned, but voluntarily declined, by Mr. Debertin in fiscal 2016 under his previous Supplemental Project Milestone Incentive Plan.

(9) | This column represents both changes in pension value and above-market earnings on deferred compensation. Change in pension value is the aggregate change in the actuarial present value of the Named Executive Officer’s benefit under their retirement program and nonqualified earnings, if applicable.

The aggregate change in the actuarial present value was as follows in fiscal 2018, 2017 and 2016, respectively: Mr. Debertin, $267,017, $175,298 and $617,456; Mr. Skidmore, $89,520, $79,807 and $176,801; Mr. Hunhoff, $49,824 and $68,620 (Mr. Hunhoff was not a Named Executive Officer in fiscal 2016); Mr. Zappa, $68,928, $69,638 and $140,794; Mr. Dusek, $12,951 (Mr. Dusek was not a Named Executive Officer in fiscal 2017 or 2016); and Ms. Cunningham, $77,093, $80,332 and $217,137.
Above-market earnings represent earnings exceeding 120% of the Federal Reserve long-term rate as determined by the Internal Revenue Service ("IRS") on applicable funds, and was as follows in fiscal 2018, 2017 and 2016, respectively: Mr. Debertin, $105,704, $118,199 and $104,752; Mr. Skidmore, $16,595, $16,145 and $16,373; Mr. Hunhoff, $6,226 and $6,578 (Mr. Hunhoff was not a Named Executive Officer in fiscal 2016); Mr. Zappa, $0, $0 and $0; Mr. Dusek, $7,498 (Mr. Dusek was not a Named Executive Officer in 2017 or 2016); Ms. Cunningham, $20,650, $32,452 and $18,442.

(10) | Amounts may include executive LTD paid by us, travel accident insurance, executive physical, contributions by us during each fiscal year to qualified and non-qualified defined contribution plans, spousal travel and financial planning.

(11) | Includes fiscal 2018 executive LTD of $3,221 for all Named Executive Officers except Ms. Cunningham, and fiscal 2018 executive LTD of $2,416 for Ms. Cunningham.

(12) | Includes fiscal 2018 employer contributions to the Deferred Compensation Plan: Mr. Debertin, $68,837; Mr. Skidmore, $26,133; Mr. Hunhoff, $20,961; Mr. Zappa, $19,348; Mr. Dusek, $10,558; and Ms. Cunningham, $24,797.

(13) | Includes fiscal 2018 employer contribution to the 401(k) Plan: Mr. Debertin, $12,296; Mr. Skidmore, $12,309; Mr. Hunhoff, $12,400; Mr. Zappa, $11,913; Mr. Dusek, $12,566; and Ms. Cunningham, $12,325.

(14) | Includes fiscal 2018 executive physicals for the following Named Executive Officers: Mr. Debertin, $2,762; Mr. Dusek, $10,140; and Ms. Cunningham, $4,494.

(15) | Includes fiscal 2018 executive financial planning for the following Named Executive Officers: Mr. Debertin, $860; Mr. Skidmore, $1,530; Mr. Hunhoff, $875; Mr. Zappa, $6,250; Mr. Dusek, $2,040; and Ms. Cunningham, $3,350.

(16) | Includes payment to Ms. Cunningham in fiscal 2018 of $237,000 pursuant to the terms of Ms. Cunningham's Letter Agreement.

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Agreements with Named Executive Officers
On May 22, 2017, we entered an Employment Agreement with Mr. Debertin our President and Chief Executive Officer. The Employment Agreement supersedes all previous agreements we had with Mr. Debertin. The Employment Agreement was entered into to clearly define the obligations of the parties thereto with respect to employment matters, as well as the compensation and benefits to be provided to Mr. Debertin upon termination of employment.
The Employment Agreement has an initial term of three years ending on August 31, 2020, provided that beginning on August 31, 2020, and on each anniversary date thereafter, the term will be automatically renewed for an additional one-year period unless either party notifies the other in writing, at least 120 days in advance of the relevant anniversary date, of its intent not to renew the agreement for the additional one-year period.
Pursuant to the terms of the Employment Agreement, Mr. Debertin is entitled to, among other things:

• | An annual base salary of $1,150,000, subject to increase by our Board of Directors from time to time;

• | A target annual incentive compensation award of 150% of his base salary with a maximum potential annual incentive compensation award of 300% of his base salary, based on the achievement of performance targets set by our Board of Directors; and

• | A target long-term incentive compensation award of 150% of his average base salary during the three-year performance period applicable to that award opportunity, with a maximum superior performance potential long-term incentive compensation award of 500% of his average base salary during the three-year performance period applicable to that award opportunity.

The Employment Agreement provides that in the event of a restatement of our financial results due to material noncompliance with financial reporting requirements, if our Board of Directors determines in good faith that any compensation paid (or payable but not yet paid) to Mr. Debertin was awarded or determined based on that material noncompliance, then we are entitled to recover from him (or to reduce compensation determined but not yet paid) all compensation based on the erroneous financial data in excess of what would have been paid or been payable to him under the restatement. Given the reduction in Mr. Debertin’s annual variable pay for fiscal 2018, as described in “Compensation Recovery” above, our Board of Directors did not believe it was necessary for it to recover any additional compensation from Mr. Debertin in connection with the restated financial statements.
The severance pay and benefits to which Mr. Debertin would be entitled if we terminated his employment without cause or, if he terminated his employment for “good reason” are described below under the heading “Post Employment”.
Mr. Skidmore, our Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer, joined us in August 2013. The severance payments to which Mr. Skidmore will be entitled if we terminate his employment without cause or if he terminates his employment for “good reason” are described below under the heading “Post Employment”. Other details of Mr. Skidmore’s employment arrangement with us are described in “Compensation Discussion and Analysis” above.
Mr. Zappa, our Executive Vice President and General Counsel, joined us in April 2015. The severance payments to which Mr. Zappa will be entitled if we terminate his employment without cause or if he terminates his employment for “good reason” are described below under the heading “Post Employment”. Other details of Mr. Zappa’s employment arrangement with us are described in “Compensation Discussion and Analysis” above.
In connection with the end of Ms. Cunningham's employment on May 4, 2018, we entered into the Letter Agreement with Ms. Cunningham. Details of Ms. Cunningham's Letter Agreement are described below under the heading "Post Employment".
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2018 Grants of Plan-Based Awards
Estimated Future Payouts Under
Non-Equity Incentive Plan Awards

N ame |  | Grant Date |  | Threshold ($) |  | Target ($) |  | Maximum ($)
Jay Debertin |  | 9-7-17(1) |  | $ | 862,500 |  |  | $ | 1,725,000 |  |  | $ | 3,450,000 |
|  | 9-7-17(2) |  | 862,500 |  |  | 1,725,000 |  |  | 6,900,000 |
|  | 11-7-17(3) |  | - |  |  | 862,500 |  |  | - |
Timothy Skidmore |  | 9-7-17(1) |  | 340,975 |  |  | 681,950 |  |  | 1,363,900 |
|  | 9-7-17(2) |  | 340,975 |  |  | 681,950 |  |  | 2,727,800 |
|  | 11-7-17(3) |  | - |  |  | 207,550 |  |  | - |
Darin Hunhoff |  | 9-7-17(1) |  | 287,500 |  |  | 575,000 |  |  | 1,150,000 |
|  | 9-7-17(2) |  | 287,500 |  |  | 575,000 |  |  | 2,300,000 |
|  | 11-7-17(3) |  | - |  |  | 175,000 |  |  | - |
James Zappa |  | 9-7-17(1) |  | 270,710 |  |  | 541,420 |  |  | 1,082,840 |
|  | 9-7-17(2) |  | 270,710 |  |  | 541,420 |  |  | 2,165,680 |
|  | 11-7-17(3) |  | - |  |  | 164,780 |  |  | - |
Richard Dusek |  | 9-7-17(1)(6) |  | 58,570 |  |  | 117,140 |  |  | 234,281 |
|  | 9-7-17(2)(6) |  | 58,570 |  |  | 117,140 |  |  | 468,562 |
|  | 11-13-17(4) |  | 278,875 |  |  | 557,750 |  |  | 1,115,000 |
|  | 11-13-17(5) |  | 278,875 |  |  | 557,750 |  |  | 2,231,000 |
Shirley Cunningham |  | 9-7-17(1) |  | 355,350 |  |  | 710,700 |  |  | 1,421,400 |
|  | 9-7-17(2) |  | 355,350 |  |  | 710,700 |  |  | 2,842,800 |
|  | 11-7-17(3) |  | - |  |  | 216,300 |  |  | - |

(1) | Represents range of possible awards under our fiscal 2018 Annual Variable Pay Plan.

(2) | Represents range of possible awards under our LTIP for the fiscal 2018-2020 performance period. Goals are based on achieving a three-year ROIC of 3.7% threshold, 4.7% target and 5.7% maximum plus a potential award for superior 6.7% ROIC performance. Values displayed in the maximum column reflect 6.7% superior ROIC performance award potential. The 5.7% maximum performance award values are not listed in this table. Awards are earned over a three-year period and vest over an additional 28-month period.

(3) | Represents the maximum potential award opportunity with respect to the Retention Award. The Retention Award is earned only if a participant continues active employment through January 1, 2020, or meets the limited pro ration criteria provided in the award.

(4) | Represents range of possible awards under our fiscal 2018 Annual Variable Pay Plan with respect to grants made to Mr. Dusek on November 13, 2017, at time of his promotion to Executive Vice President, Country Operations.

(5) | Represents range of possible awards under our LTIP for the fiscal 2018-2020 performance period with respect to grants made to Mr. Dusek on November 13, 2017, at time of his promotion to Executive Vice President, Country Operations.

(6) | These grants were canceled when Mr. Dusek was promoted to Executive Vice President, Country Operations on November 13, 2017.

The material terms of annual variable pay and long-term incentive awards that are disclosed in this table, including the vesting schedule, are described under “Compensation Discussion and Analysis” above.
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2018 Pension Benefits

N ame | Plan Name |  | Number of Years of Credited Service (#) |  | Present Value of Accumulated Benefits ($) |  | Payments During Last Fiscal Year ($)
Jay Debertin(1) | Pension Plan |  | 34.2500 |  | $ | 962,658 |  |  | $ | — |
| SERP |  | 34.2500 |  | 2,874,485 |  |  | — |
Timothy Skidmore | Pension Plan |  | 5.0000 |  | 138,293 |  |  | — |
| SERP |  | 5.0000 |  | 392,205 |  |  | — |
Darin Hunhoff | Pension Plan |  | 26.2500 |  | 586,165 |  |  | — |
| SERP |  | 26.2500 |  | 402,804 |  |  | — |
James Zappa | Pension Plan |  | 2.3333 |  | 81,190 |  |  | — |
| SERP |  | 2.3333 |  | 211,060 |  |  | — |
Richard Dusek | Pension Plan |  | 30.0833 |  | 742,138 |  |  | — |
| SERP |  | 30.0833 |  | 312,375 |  |  | — |
Shirley Cunningham | Pension Plan |  | 5.3333 |  | 137,946 |  |  | — |
| SERP |  | 5.3333 |  | 505,477 |  |  | — |

(1) | Mr. Debertin is eligible for early retirement in both the Pension Plan and the SERP.

The above table shows the present value of accumulated retirement benefits that Named Executive Officers are entitled to under the Pension Plan and the SERP.
For a discussion of the material terms and conditions of the Pension Plan and the SERP, see “Compensation Discussion and Analysis” above.
The present value of accumulated benefits is determined in accordance with the same assumptions outlined in Note 11, Benefit Plans, of the notes to consolidated financial statements that are included in this Annual Report on Form 10-K:

• | Discount rate of 4.20% for the Pension Plan and 4.05% for the SERP;

• | RP 2014 Mortality Table with a fully generational projection reflecting scale MP 2017 from 2006;

• | Each Named Executive Officer is assumed to retire at the earliest retirement age at which unreduced benefits are available (age 65). The early retirement benefit under the cash balance plan formula is equal to the participant’s

account balance; and

• | Payments under the cash balance formula of the Pension Plan assume a lump sum payment. SERP benefits are payable as a lump sum.

The normal form of benefit for a single Named Executive Officer is a life only annuity, and for a married Named Executive Officer the normal form of benefit is a 50% joint and survivor annuity. Other annuity forms are also available on an actuarial equivalent basis. A lump sum option is also available.
All Named Executive Officers’ retirement benefits at normal retirement age will be equal to their accumulated benefits under the Pension Plan and the SERP, as described under “Compensation Discussion and Analysis” above.
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2018 Nonqualified Deferred Compensation

Name |  | Executive Contributions in Last Fiscal Year ($) 1 |  | Registrant Contributions in Last Fiscal Year ($) 2 |  | Aggregate Earnings in Last Fiscal Year ($) 3 |  | Aggregate Withdrawals/ Distributions ($) |  | Aggregate Balance at Last Fiscal Year End ($) 2,4
Jay Debertin |  | $ | 157,167 |  |  | $ | 68,837 |  |  | $ | 487,943 |  |  | $ | 4,011,287 |  |  | $ | 10,894,443 |
Timothy Skidmore |  | 303,483 |  |  | 26,133 |  |  | 243,722 |  |  | 733,471 |  |  | 3,481,964 |
Darin Hunhoff |  | — |  |  | 20,961 |  |  | 204,860 |  |  | 277,002 |  |  | 2,498,088 |
James Zappa |  | 82,390 |  |  | 19,348 |  |  | 59,834 |  |  | — |  |  | 825,737 |
Richard Dusek |  | — |  |  | 10,558 |  |  | 34,008 |  |  | 208,947 |  |  | 818,397 |
Shirley Cunningham |  | 244,550 |  |  | 24,797 |  |  | 97,352 |  |  | 2,452,344 |  |  | 1,595,345 |

(1) | Includes amounts deferred from salary and annual incentive pay reflected in the Summary Compensation Table.

(2) | Contributions are made by us into the Deferred Compensation Plan on behalf of Named Executive Officers. Amounts include LTIP, retirement contributions on amounts exceeding IRS compensation limits, Profit Sharing, and 401(k) match. The amounts reported were made in early fiscal 2018 based on fiscal 2017 results. These results are also included in amounts reported in the Summary Compensation Table: Mr. Debertin, $12,296; Mr. Skidmore, $12,309; Mr. Hunhoff, $12,400; Mr. Zappa, $11,913; Mr. Dusek, $12,566; and Ms. Cunningham, $12,325.

(3) | The amounts in this column include the change in value of the balance, not including contributions made by the Named Executive Officer. Amounts include the following above market earnings in fiscal 2018 that are also reflected in the Summary Compensation Table: Mr. Debertin, $105,704; Mr. Skidmore, $16,595; Mr. Hunhoff, $6,226; Mr. Zappa, $0; Mr. Dusek, $7,498; and Ms. Cunningham, $20,650.

(4) | Amounts vary in accordance with individual pension plan provisions and voluntary employee deferrals and withdrawals. These amounts include rollovers, voluntary salary and voluntary incentive plan contributions from predecessor plans with predecessor employers that have increased in value over the course of the executive’s career. Named Executive Officers may defer up to 75% of their base salary and up to 100% of their annual variable pay to the Deferred Compensation Plan. Earnings on amounts deferred under the Deferred Compensation Plan are determined based on the investment election made by the Named Executive Officer from five market-based notional investments with a varying level of risk selected by us, and a fixed rate fund. The notional investment returns for fiscal 2018 were as follows: Vanguard Prime Money Market, 1.59%; Vanguard Life Strategy Income, 2.32%; Vanguard Life Strategy Conservative Growth, 4.97%; Vanguard Life Strategy Moderate Growth, 7.69%; Vanguard Life Strategy Growth, 10.39%; and the Fixed Rate was 4.00%.

Named Executive Officers may change their investment election daily. Payments of amounts deferred are made in accordance with elections by the Named Executive Officer and in accordance with Section 409A under the Internal Revenue Code. Payments under the Deferred Compensation Plan may be made at a specified date elected by the Named Executive Officer or deferred until retirement, disability, or death. Such payments would be made in a lump sum. In the event of retirement, the Named Executive Officer can elect to receive payments either in a lump sum or annual installments up to 10 years.
For a discussion of the material terms and conditions of the Deferred Compensation Plan, see “Compensation Discussion and Analysis” above.
Post Employment
Pursuant to the terms of his Employment Agreement, Mr. Debertin, our President and CEO, is entitled to severance in the event that his employment is terminated by us without cause or by him with “good reason.” Specifically, severance under the Employment Agreement would consist of:

• | The annual incentive compensation Mr. Debertin would have been entitled to receive for the year in which his termination occurred as if he had continued until the end of that fiscal year, determined based on our actual performance for that fiscal year relative to the performance goals applicable to Mr. Debertin (with that portion of the annual incentive compensation based on completion or partial completion of

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previously specified personal goals equal to 30% of the target annual incentive), prorated for the number of days in the fiscal year through Mr. Debertin’s termination date and generally payable in a cash lump sum at the time that incentive awards are payable to other participants;

• | Two times Debertin’s base salary plus two times his target annual incentive compensation, payable in three equal installments with the first installment payable 60 days following termination and the second and third installments payable on the first and second anniversary dates of termination, respectively; and

• | Welfare benefit continuation for two years following termination.

Mr. Skidmore’s employment term sheet with us provides for severance in the event his employment is terminated by us without cause, or by him with “good reason”, in the amount of one year of base pay and prorated annual variable pay, payable in a lump sum.
Mr. Zappa’s employment term sheet with us provides for severance in the event his employment is terminated by us without cause, or by him with “good reason”, in the amount of one year of base pay and prorated annual variable pay, payable as a lump sum.
Mr. Hunhoff and Mr. Dusek are covered by a broad-based employee severance program which provides a lump sum payment of two weeks of pay per year of service with a 12-month cap.
In connection with the end of Ms. Cunningham's employment on May 4, 2018, we entered into the Letter Agreement with Ms. Cunningham. Under the Letter Agreement, Ms. Cunningham is subject to customary confidentiality and cooperation covenants, as well as one-year non-competition and non-solicitation covenants. The Letter Agreement also provides for Ms. Cunningham to be paid $237,000 within 60 days after the date on which her employment with the Company ended, less applicable tax withholdings, in recognition of earned but unvested long-term incentive compensation that was forfeited due to the end of her employment prior to vesting, subject to her compliance with all of her post-employment obligations under the Letter Agreement. We made the $237,000 payment to Ms. Cunningham on August 10, 2018.
The severance pay that the Named Executive Officers (other than Ms. Cunningham, whose actual separation-related payment is described above) would have been entitled to had they been terminated by us without cause or terminated their employment for “good reason” as of the last business day of fiscal 2018 as follows:

Jay Debertin (1)(2) | $ | 7,711,603 |
Timothy Skidmore (3) | 1,306,824 |
Darin Hunhoff | 530,000 |
James Zappa (3) | 1,075,000 |
Richard Dusek | 497,125 |
Shirley Cunningham (3) | 237,000 |

_______________________________________

(1) | Includes the value of health and welfare insurance based on current monthly rates.

(2) | For purposes of calculating the prorated portion of Mr. Debertin's unpaid annual variable pay award for the fiscal year in which the termination occurred, assumes an annual variable pay award at target performance for the entire fiscal year.

(3) | Assumes an annual variable pay award at target performance for the entire fiscal year.

There are no other severance benefits offered to our Named Executive Officers, except for up to $10,000 of outplacement assistance, which would be included as imputed income, and government mandated benefits such as COBRA. Except as otherwise set forth above, the method of payment would be a lump sum. Named Executive Officers not covered by employment agreements are not offered any special postretirement health and welfare benefits that are not offered to other similarly situated (i.e., age and service) salaried employees.
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Pay Ratio
The following pay ratio and supporting information compares the annual total compensation of our employees other than our CEO (including full-time, part-time, seasonal and temporary employees) and the annual total compensation of our CEO, as required by Section 953(b) of the Dodd-Frank Act. The pay ratio is a reasonable estimate calculated in a manner consistent with Item 402(u) of Regulation S-K promulgated by the SEC.
For fiscal 2018, our last completed fiscal year:
•The median of the annual total compensation of all our employees (other than the CEO) was $59,846; and

• | The annual total compensation of our CEO, as reported in the Summary Compensation Table set forth above, was $5,106,306.

Based on this information, the ratio of the annual total compensation of our CEO to the median of the annual total compensation of all other employees was 85:1.
To determine the pay ratio, we took the following steps:

• | We determined that as of June 1, 2018, the determination date, our employee population consisted of approximately 9,892 individuals, primarily located in the United States. This population consisted of our full-time, part-time, temporary and seasonal employees. Excluded from our employee population are 267 individuals who are located in the following 17 countries: Argentina (47 employees), Bulgaria (5 employees), Canada (7 employees), China (35 employees), Hungary (9 employees), Jordan (1 employee), Paraguay (15 employees), Republic of Korea (3 employees), Romania (49 employees), Russia (2 employees), Serbia (3 employees), Singapore (18 employees), Spain (8 employees), Switzerland (19 employees), Taiwan (3 employees), Ukraine (37 employees) and Uruguay (6 employees). Excluding these employees, our employee population that was used to calculate the pay ratio consisted of 9,625 individuals.

• | To identify the median employee, we compared regular, bonus and overtime wages (or their equivalents). We then applied a statistical sampling methodology to produce a sample of employees who were paid within a 5% range of the median regular, bonus and overtime wages (or their equivalents), and selected an employee from within that group as our median employee.

• | Once we identified our median employee, we calculated that employee’s annual total compensation for fiscal 2018 in accordance with the requirements of Item 402(c)(2)(x) of Regulation S-K promulgated by the SEC, resulting in annual total compensation of $59,846.

• | With respect to our CEO, we used the amount reported as total compensation in the Summary Compensation Table set forth above.

In adopting the pay ratio rule, the SEC expressly sought to provide flexibility to each company to determine the methodology that best suits its own facts and circumstances. Our pay ratio should not be compared to other companies’ pay ratios, because it is based on a methodology specific to us, and certain material assumptions, adjustments and estimates have been made in the calculation of the ratio.
Director Compensation
Overview
Our Board of Directors met 11 times during the year ended August 31, 2018. Through August 31, 2018, each director was provided annual compensation of $69,000, paid in 12 monthly payments, plus actual expenses and travel allowance, with the Chairman of the Board receiving additional annual compensation of $18,000, the First Vice Chairman, and the Secretary-Treasurer each receiving additional annual compensation of $3,600 and all Board committee chairs receiving additional annual compensation of $6,000. Each director receives a per diem of $500 plus actual expenses and travel allowance for each day
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spent at meetings other than regular Board meetings and the CHS Annual Meeting. The number of days per diem may not exceed 55 days annually, except that the Chairman of the Board is exempt from this limit.
Further, directors are eligible to participate in the Deferred Compensation Plan. Other than direct contributions, contributions to the Deferred Compensation Plan have historically been made based on the Company's ROAE performance. However, beginning in fiscal 2020, for the 2018-2020 three-year cycle, contributions to the Deferred Compensation Plan will be made based on the Company's ROIC performance. We believe that using the ROAE and ROIC performance metrics for this purpose aligns the interests of our directors with the interest of our management and member-owners. The ROAE and ROIC performance targets are the same as the ROAE and ROIC performance targets for the applicable LTIP performance period, resulting in Deferred Compensation Plan credits that vary consistent with actual ROAE or ROIC performance levels, as applicable, as detailed on the following pages.
Director Retirement and Healthcare Benefits
Members of our Board of Directors are eligible for certain retirement and healthcare benefits. The director retirement plan is a defined benefit plan and provides for a monthly benefit for the director’s lifetime, beginning at age 60. Benefits are immediately vested and the monthly benefit is determined according to the following formula: $250 times years of service on the Board (up to a maximum of 15 years). Under no event will the benefit payment be payable for less than 120 months. Payment shall be made to the retired director’s beneficiary in the event of the director’s death before 120 payments are made. Prior to 2005, directors could elect to receive their benefit as an actuarial equivalent lump sum. In order to comply with IRS requirements, directors were required in 2005 to make a one-time irrevocable election whether to receive their accrued benefit in a lump sum or a monthly annuity upon retirement. If the lump sum was elected, the director would commence benefits upon expiration of Board term.
Effective August 31, 2011, future accruals under the director retirement plan were frozen. Directors elected after that date are not eligible for benefits under that plan.
Retirement benefits are funded by a rabbi trust, with a balance at August 31, 2018, of $8.6 million.
Directors serving as of September 1, 2005, and their eligible dependents, are eligible to participate in our medical, life, dental, vision and hearing plans. We will pay 100% of the medical premium for the director and their eligible dependents while active on the Board. Term life insurance cost is paid by the director. Retired directors and their dependents are eligible to continue medical and dental insurance with the premiums paid by us after they leave the Board, until they are eligible for Medicare. In the event a director’s coverage ends due to death or Medicare eligibility, we will pay 100% of the premium for the eligible spouse and eligible dependents until the spouse reaches Medicare age or upon death, if earlier.
New directors elected on or after December 1, 2006, and their eligible dependents, are eligible to participate in our medical, dental, vision and hearing plans. We will pay 100% of the premium for the director and eligible dependents while active on the Board. In the event a director leaves the Board prior to Medicare eligibility, premiums will be shared based on the following schedule:

Years of Service | Director |  | CHS
Up to 3 | 100% |  | 0%
3 to 6 | 50% |  | 50%
6+ | 0% |  | 100%

In the event a director’s coverage ends due to death or Medicare eligibility, premiums for the eligible spouse and eligible dependents will be shared based on the same schedule until the spouse reaches Medicare age or upon death, if earlier.
Deferred Compensation Plan
Directors are eligible to participate in the Deferred Compensation Plan. Each participating director may elect to defer up to 100% of his or her monthly director fees into the Deferred Compensation Plan. This must be done prior to the beginning of the calendar year in which the fees will be earned, or in the case of newly-elected directors, upon election to the Board. During fiscal 2018, the following directors deferred Board fees pursuant to the Deferred Compensation Plan: Mr. Erickson, Mr. Johnsrud, Mr. Kehl, Mr. Knecht and Mr. Malesich.
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Benefits are funded in a Rabbi Trust. The Deferred Compensation Plan Rabbi Trust balance reported elsewhere in this Annual Report on Form 10-K includes amounts deferred by the directors.
Each year we will credit an amount to each director’s retirement plan account under the Deferred Compensation Plan. The fiscal 2018 credit to each director’s retirement plan account was determined based on the ROAE performance for fiscal years 2016, 2017 and 2018. Based on the determined actual ROAE performance during those years, no Company contribution was made to any director’s retirement plan account in fiscal 2018.
For fiscal years 2017-2019, the amount that could be credited was based on our cumulative ROAE performance over a three-year period as follows:

Amount Credited | ROAE Performance
$100,000 (Superior Performance) | 20% Return on Adjusted Equity
$50,000 (Maximum) | 9% Return on Adjusted Equity
$25,000 (Target) | 7% Return on Adjusted Equity
$12,500 (Minimum) | 5.5% Return on Adjusted Equity
$0 | Below 5.5% Return on Adjusted Equity

Beginning in fiscal 2020, for the 2018-2020 three-year cycle, we will credit an amount to each director’s retirement plan account under the Deferred Compensation Plan based on the ROIC performance metric (as described under the heading "Long-Term Incentive Plan" above).
In connection with the restatement of our consolidated financial statements for the fiscal years ended August 31, 2014, 2015, 2016 and 2017, each of our current directors other than Messrs. Cordes, Farrell, Jones, and Kehl had previously credited to such director’s retirement plan account under the Deferred Compensation Plan an amount that was in excess of what would have been credited to such account under the restated financial statements. Messrs. Cordes, Farrell, Jones, and Kehl were not a director of the Company at the time such excess contribution was received. For each current affected director, that excess amount was $1,432. Accordingly, each affected director voluntarily declined that excess contribution and voluntarily agreed that such amount should be removed from the director’s retirement plan accounts under the Deferred Compensation Plan (and such amounts will be so removed). Our Board of Directors also determined to request that any former director who served on our Board of Directors at the time such excess amount was credited also voluntarily decline that amount of excess contribution. However, the former directors have no contractual obligation to allow us to recover such contribution and there can be no assurance that we will be able to recover all or a portion of any former director’s credited amount.
Upon leaving our Board of Directors during the fiscal year, a director’s credit for that partial fiscal year will be the target amount ($25,000) prorated through the end of the month in which the director departs. Directors who join our Board of Directors during the fiscal year will receive credit for that partial fiscal year based on the actual ROAE or ROIC, as applicable, for that fiscal year, prorated from the first of the month following the month in which the director joins our Board of Directors, to the end of the fiscal year.
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2018 Director Compensation

Name | Fees Earned or Paid in Cash ($) 1 |  | Change in Pension Value and Nonqualified Deferred Compensation Earnings ($) 2 |  | All Other Compensation ($) 3,4 |  | Total ($)
Donald Anthony | $ | 91,500 |  |  | $ | 3,389 |  |  | $ | 14,258 |  |  | $ | 109,147 |
Clinton Blew | 105,350 |  |  | 1,924 |  |  | 25,462 |  |  | 132,736 |
Dennis Carlson (5) | 93,500 |  |  | 52,682 |  |  | 17,574 |  |  | 163,756 |
Scott Cordes | 69,750 |  |  | 10,169 |  |  | 207 |  |  | 80,126 |
Curt Eischens | 28,000 |  |  | 3,284 |  |  | 14,836 |  |  | 46,120 |
Jon Erickson | 87,750 |  |  | 2,703 |  |  | 17,574 |  |  | 108,027 |
Mark Farrell | 87,750 |  |  | — |  |  | 1,702 |  |  | 89,452 |
Steven Fritel | 91,250 |  |  | 158 |  |  | 14,258 |  |  | 105,666 |
Alan Holm | 94,000 |  |  | 466 |  |  | 14,258 |  |  | 108,724 |
David Johnsrud | 71,600 |  |  | 835 |  |  | 14,258 |  |  | 86,693 |
Tracy Jones | 65,750 |  |  | — |  |  | 11,815 |  |  | 77,565 |
David Kayser | 85,750 |  |  | 3,389 |  |  | 25,939 |  |  | 115,078 |
Russell Kehl | 60,045 |  |  | — |  |  | 13,663 |  |  | 73,708 |
Randy Knecht | 82,250 |  |  | 4,210 |  |  | 14,258 |  |  | 100,718 |
Greg Kruger | 39,750 |  |  | 3,284 |  |  | 25,904 |  |  | 68,938 |
Edward Malesich | 56,917 |  |  | 2,429 |  |  | 14,258 |  |  | 73,604 |
Perry Meyer | 94,750 |  |  | 625 |  |  | 13,885 |  |  | 109,260 |
Steve Riegel | 86,750 |  |  | 1,312 |  |  | 14,258 |  |  | 102,320 |
Daniel Schurr | 106,250 |  |  | 1,720 |  |  | 20,965 |  |  | 128,935 |

_______________________________________

(1) | Of this amount, the following directors deferred the succeeding amounts to the Deferred Compensation Plan: Mr. Erickson, $9,000; Mr. Johnsrud, $24,000; Mr. Kehl, $4,455; Mr. Knecht, $5,000; and Mr. Malesich $28,333.

(2) | This column represents both changes in pension value and above-market earnings on deferred compensation. Change in pension value is the aggregate change in the actuarial present value of the director’s benefit under his retirement program, and nonqualified earnings, if applicable. The change in pension value will vary by director based on several factors including age, service, pension benefit elected (lump sum or annuity - see above), discount rate and mortality factor used to calculate the benefit due. Future accruals under the plan were frozen as of August 31, 2011, as stated above.

Above-market earnings represent earnings exceeding 120% of the Federal Reserve long-term rate as determined by the IRS on applicable funds. The following directors had above market earnings during fiscal 2018: Mr. Anthony, $3,389; Mr. Blew, $1,924; Mr. Carlson, $3,389; Mr. Cordes, $10,169; Mr. Eischens, $3,284; Mr. Erickson, $2,703; Mr. Farrell, $0; Mr. Fritel, $158; Mr. Holm, $466; Mr. Johnsrud, $835; Mr. Jones, $0; Mr. Kayser, $3,389; Mr. Kehl, $0; Mr. Knecht, $4,210; Mr. Kruger, $3,284; Mr. Malesich, $2,429; Mr. Meyer, $625; Mr. Riegel, $1,312; and Mr. Schurr, $1,720.

(3) | All other compensation includes health insurance premiums, conference and registration fees, meals and related spousal expenses for trips made with a director on CHS business. Total amounts vary primarily due to the variations in health insurance premiums, which are due to the number of dependents covered.

Health care premiums paid for directors include: Mr. Anthony, Mr. Fritel, Mr. Holm, Mr. Johnsrud, Mr. Knecht, Mr. Malesich and Mr. Riegel, $13,948; Mr. Carlson and Mr. Erickson, $17,264; Mr. Blew and Mr. Kayser, $25,152; Mr.
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Eischens, $6,264; Mr. Farrell, $1,392; Mr. Jones, $11,608; Mr. Kehl, $13,456; Mr. Kruger, $17,468; Mr. Meyer, $13,568; Mr. Schurr, $20,564; Mr. Cordes, $0.

(4) | All other compensation includes fiscal 2018 director retirement plan Deferred Compensation Plan contributions for former directors, Mr. Eischens and Mr. Kruger, $8,333.

(5) | Made a one-time irrevocable retirement election in 2005 to receive a lump sum benefit under the director retirement plan. All other directors that were first elected on or prior to August 31, 2011, will receive a monthly annuity upon retirement. The director retirement plan benefit was frozen as of August 31, 2011. Accordingly, directors who are first elected after that date are not eligible for benefits under that plan.

Compensation Committee Interlocks and Insider Participation
Our Board of Directors does not have a compensation committee. The Governance Committee of our Board of Directors recommends to the entire Board of Directors salary actions relative to our CEO. The entire Board of Directors determines the compensation and the terms of the employment agreement with our CEO. Our CEO decides base compensation levels for the other Named Executive Officers with input from a third-party consultant if necessary, and recommends for our Board of Directors' approval the annual and long-term incentive plan performance goals applicable to the other Named Executive Officers.
During fiscal 2018, the members of the Governance Committee of our Board of Directors (the committee of our Board of Directors that performs the equivalent functions of a compensation committee) were Messrs. Edward Malesich (chair), Dennis Carlson, David Johnsrud, Tracy Jones, Russell Kehl and Steve Riegel. During fiscal 2018, no executive officer of CHS served on the compensation committee (or other board committee performing equivalent functions) or board of directors of any other entity that had any executive officer who also served on our Governance Committee or Board of Directors. None of the directors are, or have been, officers or employees of CHS.
See Item 13 of this Annual Report on Form 10-K for directors, including Messrs. Carlson, Eischens and Johnsrud, who were a party to related-person transactions.
Compensation Committee Report
The Governance Committee (the committee of our Board of Directors that performs the equivalent functions of a compensation committee) has reviewed and discussed the Compensation Discussion and Analysis required by Item 402(b) of Regulation S-K with management and, based on such review and discussion, the Governance Committee recommended to our Board of Directors that the Compensation Discussion and Analysis be included in this Annual Report on Form 10-K.
Respectfully submitted,
Edward Malesich, Chairman
Dennis Carlson
David Johnsrud
Tracy Jones
Russell Kehl
Steven Riegel
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ITEM 12. SECURITY OWNERSHIP OF CERTAIN BENEFICIAL OWNERS AND MANAGEMENT AND RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS
Beneficial ownership of our equity securities by each member of our Board of Directors, each of our Named Executive Officers and all members of our Board of Directors and executive officers as a group as of October 15, 2018, is shown below. Except as indicated in the footnotes to the following table, each person has sole voting and investment power with respect to all shares attributable to such person.

|  | Title of Class
|  | 8% Cumulative Redeemable Preferred Stock |  | Class B Cumulative Redeemable Preferred Stock
Name of Beneficial Owner |  | Amount of Beneficial Ownership |  | % of Class (1) |  | Amount of Beneficial Ownership |  | % of Class (2)
Directors: |  | (Shares) |  |  |  | (Shares) |  |
Donald Anthony |  | — |  |  | * |  | — |  |  | *
Clinton J. Blew |  | — |  |  | * |  | — |  |  | *
Dennis Carlson |  | 60 |  |  | * |  | — |  |  | *
Scott Cordes (3) |  | 200 |  |  | * |  | 9,600 |  |  | *
Jon Erickson |  | 300 |  |  | * |  | 414 |  |  | *
Mark Farrell |  | 4,800 |  |  | * |  | — |  |  | *
Steve Fritel |  | 880 |  |  | * |  | — |  |  | *
Alan Holm |  | — |  |  | * |  | — |  |  | *
David Johnsrud |  | — |  |  | * |  | 1,650 |  |  | *
Tracy Jones |  | — |  |  | * |  | — |  |  | *
David Kayser |  | — |  |  | * |  | 630 |  |  | *
Russ Kehl |  | — |  |  | * |  | — |  |  | *
Randy Knecht (3) |  | 1,027 |  |  | * |  | 229 |  |  | *
Edward Malesich |  | — |  |  | * |  | — |  |  | *
Perry Meyer (3) |  | 120 |  |  | * |  | — |  |  | *
Steve Riegel |  | 245 |  |  | * |  | 88 |  |  | *
Daniel Schurr |  | — |  |  | * |  | — |  |  | *
Named Executive Officers: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Jay Debertin (3) |  | 1,200 |  |  | * |  | — |  |  | *
Richard Dusek |  | — |  |  | * |  | — |  |  | *
Darin Hunhoff |  | 596 |  |  | * |  | — |  |  | *
Timothy Skidmore (3) |  | — |  |  | * |  | 5,512 |  |  | *
James Zappa |  | — |  |  | * |  | — |  |  | *
All other executive officers |  | — |  |  | * |  | — |  |  | *
Directors and executive officers as a group |  | 9,428 |  |  | * |  | 18,123 |  |  | *

_______________________________________

(1) | As of October 15, 2018, there were 12,272,003 shares of 8% Cumulative Redeemable Preferred Stock outstanding.

(2) | As of October 15, 2018, there were 78,659,066 shares of Class B Cumulative Redeemable Preferred Stock outstanding with 21,459,066, 16,800,000, 19,700,000 and 20,700,000 attributed to Series 1, Series 2, Series 3 and Series 4, respectively.

(3) | Includes shares held by spouse, children and Individual Retirement Accounts.

* | Less than 1%.

We have no compensation plans under which our equity securities are authorized for issuance.
To our knowledge, there is no person or group who is a beneficial owner of more than 5% of any class or series of our preferred stock.
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ITEM 13. CERTAIN RELATIONSHIPS AND RELATED TRANSACTIONS, AND DIRECTOR INDEPENDENCE
Because our directors must be active patrons of CHS, or of an affiliated association, transactions between us and our directors are customary and expected. Transactions include the sales of commodities to us and the purchases of products and services from us, as well as patronage refunds and equity redemptions received from us. During the year ended August 31, 2018, the value of those transactions between a particular director (and any immediate family member of a director, which includes any child, stepchild, parent, stepparent, spouse, sibling, mother-in-law, father-in-law, son-in-law, daughter-in-law, brother-in-law or sister-in-law and any person (other than a tenant or employee) sharing the household of such director) and us in which the total amount involved exceeded $120,000 are shown below.

Name | Transactions with CHS |  | Patronage Dividends
Donald Anthony | $ | 543,208 |  |  | $ | — |
Dennis Carlson | 391,570 |  |  | — |
Jon Erickson | 570,081 |  |  | — |
David Johnsrud | 2,245,057 |  |  | — |
Tracy Jones | 2,205,480 |  |  | — |
David Kayser | 1,185,897 |  |  | — |
Russ Kehl | 3,541,811 |  |  | — |

Additionally, Kehl Farms, LLC, which is owned by our director Russ Kehl, entered into a 2018 crop inputs loan with CHS Capital for the purchase of crop inputs, seeds, supplies, and fuel in March 2018 (the "Loan"). The Loan bears interest at the rate of 7.25% per annum, which is payable upon maturity of the Loan. The largest aggregate amount of principal outstanding under the Loan during the year ended August 31, 2018, and the Loan balance on August 31, 2018, was $1,263,871. During the year ended August 31, 2018, no principal or interest was paid on the Loan. The Loan will mature in January 2019.
Review, Approval or Ratification of Related Party Transactions
Pursuant to its amended and restated charter, our Audit Committee has responsibility for the review and approval of all transactions between CHS and any related parties or affiliates of CHS, including its officers and directors, other than transactions in the ordinary course of business and on market terms as described above.
Related persons can include any of our directors or executive officers and any of their immediate family members, as defined by the SEC. In evaluating related person transactions, the committee members apply the same standards they apply to their general responsibilities as members of the Audit Committee of the Board of Directors. The committee will approve a related person transaction when, in its good faith judgment, the transaction is in the best interest of CHS. To identify related person transactions, each year we require our directors and officers to complete a questionnaire identifying any transactions with CHS in which the officer or director or their family members have an interest. We also review our business records to identify potentially qualifying transactions between a related party and us. In addition, we have a written policy addressing related persons (included in our Global Code of Conduct) that describes our expectation that all directors, officers and employees who may have a potential or apparent conflict of interest will notify our legal department of any such transactions.
Director Independence
We are a Minnesota cooperative corporation managed by a Board of Directors made up of 17 members. Nomination and election of the directors is done by eight separate regions. In addition to meeting other requirements for directorship, candidates must reside in the region from which they are elected. Directors are elected for three-year terms. The terms of directors are staggered and no more than seven director positions are elected at an annual meeting of Members. Nominations for director elections are made by the Voting Members at the region caucuses at our annual meeting of Members. Neither the Board of Directors nor management of CHS participates in the nomination process. Accordingly, we have no nominating committee.
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The following directors satisfy the definition of director independence set forth in the rules of the Nasdaq Stock Market LLC ("Nasdaq"):

Clinton J. Blew | Steve Fritel | Edward Malesich
Dennis Carlson | Alan Holm | Perry Meyer
Jon Erickson | David Kayser | Steve Riegel
Mark Farrell | Randy Knecht | Daniel Schurr

Further, although we do not need to rely upon an exemption for the Board of Directors as a whole, we are exempt pursuant to the Nasdaq rules from the Nasdaq director independence requirements as they relate to the makeup of the Board of Directors as a whole and the makeup of the committee performing the functions of a compensation committee. The Nasdaq exemption applies to cooperatives that are structured to comply with relevant state law and federal tax law and that do not have a publicly traded class of common stock. All of the members of our Audit Committee are independent. All of the members of our Governance Committee (the committee of our Board of Directors that performs the equivalent functions of a compensation committee) are independent other than David Johnsrud, Tracy Jones and Russ Kehl.
Independence of CEO and Board Chairman Positions
Our bylaws prohibit any employee of CHS from serving on the Board of Directors. Accordingly, our CEO may not serve as Chairman of the Board or in any CHS Board capacity. We believe that this leadership structure creates independence between the Board and management and is an important feature of appropriate checks and balances in the governance of CHS.
Board of Directors Role in Risk Oversight
It is senior management’s responsibility to identify, assess and manage our exposures to risk. Our Board of Directors plays an important and significant role in overseeing the overall risk management approach, including the review and, where appropriate, approval of guidelines and policies that govern our risk management process. Our management and Board of Directors have jointly identified multiple broad categories of risk exposure, each of which could impact operations and affect results at an enterprise level. Each such significant enterprise level risk is reviewed periodically by management with the Board of Directors and/or a committee of the Board as appropriate. The review includes an analysis by management of the continued applicability of the risk, our performance in managing or mitigating the risk, and possible additional or emerging risks to consider. As additional areas of risk are identified, our Board of Directors and/or a committee of the Board provides review and oversight of management's actions to identify, assess, and manage that risk. We continue to develop a formal Enterprise Risk Management program intended to support integration of the risk assessment and management discipline and controls into major decision making and business processes. The Corporate Risk Committee is involved in developing and approving the Enterprise Risk Management framework, and is responsible for evaluating its effectiveness on an ongoing basis. When appropriate, the Corporate Risk Committee meets jointly with the Audit Committee to discuss common financial or other risks across CHS that may have potential material impact to our financial statements.
ITEM 14. PRINCIPAL ACCOUNTANT FEES AND SERVICES
The following table shows the aggregate fees billed to us by PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP for services rendered during the years ended August 31, 2018, and 2017:

| 2018 |  | 2017
| (Dollars in thousands)
Audit Fees (1) | $ | 6,985 |  |  | $ | 4,408 |
Audit-related Fees (2) | 294 |  |  | 546 |
Tax Fees (3) | 53 |  |  | 84 |
All Other Fees (4) | 218 |  |  | 1 |
Total | $ | 7,550 |  |  | $ | 5,039 |

_______________________________________

(1) | Includes fees for audit of annual financial statements and reviews of the related quarterly financial statements, certain statutory audits and work related to filings of registration statements.

(2) | Includes fees for employee benefit plan audits, due diligence on acquisitions and internal control and system audit procedures.

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(3) | Includes fees related to tax compliance, tax advice and tax planning.

(4) | Includes fees related to other professional services performed for international entities.

In accordance with the CHS Inc. Audit Committee Charter, as amended, our Audit Committee adopted the following policies and procedures for the approval of the engagement of an independent registered public accounting firm for audit, review or attest services and for pre-approval of certain permissible non-audit services, all to ensure auditor independence.
Our independent registered public accounting firm will provide audit, review and attest services only at the direction of, and pursuant to engagement fees and terms approved by our Audit Committee. Our Audit Committee approves, in advance, all non-audit services to be performed by the independent auditors and the fees and compensation to be paid to the independent auditors. Our Audit Committee approved 100% of the services listed above in advance.
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PART IV.
ITEM 15. EXHIBITS AND FINANCIAL STATEMENT SCHEDULES
(a)(1) FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
The following financial statements are filed as part of this Annual Report on Form 10-K.

| Page No.
Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm | F-1
Consolidated Balance Sheets as of August 31, 2018, and 2017 | F-2
Consolidated Statements of Operations for the years ended August 31, 2018, 2017, and 2016 | F-3
Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income for the years ended August 31, 2018, 2017, and 2016 | F-4
Consolidated Statements of Changes in Equities for the years ended August 31, 2018, 2017, and 2016 | F-5
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the years ended August 31, 2018, 2017, and 2016 | F-6
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements | F-7

(a)(2) FINANCIAL STATEMENT SCHEDULES
SCHEDULE II — VALUATION AND QUALIFYING ACCOUNTS AND RESERVES

|  | Balance at Beginning of Year |  | Additions: Charged to Costs and Expenses * |  | Deductions: Write-offs, net of Recoveries |  | Balance at End of Year
|  | (Dollars in thousands)
Allowances for Doubtful Accounts |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
2018 |  | $ | 225,726 |  |  | $ | 2,748 |  |  | $ | (6,661 | ) |  | $ | 221,813 |
2017 |  | 163,644 |  |  | 191,581 |  |  | (129,499 | ) |  | 225,726 |
2016 |  | 106,445 |  |  | 65,725 |  |  | (8,526 | ) |  | 163,644 |
Valuation Allowance for Deferred Tax Assets |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
2018 |  | $ | 289,083 |  |  | $ | 61,854 |  |  | $ | (120,563 | ) |  | $ | 230,374 |
2017 (As restated) |  | 213,583 |  |  | 115,893 |  |  | (40,393 | ) |  | 289,083 |
2016 (As restated) |  | 104,334 |  |  | 138,794 |  |  | (29,545 | ) |  | 213,583 |
Reserve for Supplier Advance Payments |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
2018 |  | $ | 130,705 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | (20,092 | ) |  | $ | 110,613 |
2017 |  | — |  |  | 130,705 |  |  | — |  |  | 130,705 |

*net of reserve adjustments
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(a)(3) EXHIBITS
EXHIBIT INDEX

2.1 | Second Amended and Restated Limited Liability Company Agreement dated as of December 18, 2015 between CHS Inc. and CF Industries Sales, LLC. (Incorporated by reference to our Current Report on Form 8-K, filed December 21, 2015).(**)(***)
3.1 | Amended and Restated Articles of Incorporation of CHS Inc. (Incorporated by reference to our Current Report on Form 8-K, filed December 5, 2016).
3.2 | Amended and Restated Bylaws of CHS Inc. (Incorporated by reference to our Current Report on Form 8-K, filed December 5, 2016).
4.1 | Resolution Creating a Series of Preferred Equity to be Designated 8% Cumulative Redeemable Preferred Stock. (Incorporated by reference to Amendment No. 1 to our Registration Statement on Form S-2 (File No. 333-101916), filed January 14, 2003).
4.2 | Form of Certificate Representing 8% Cumulative Redeemable Preferred Stock. (Incorporated by reference to Amendment No. 2 to our Registration Statement on Form S-2 (File No. 333-101916), filed January 23, 2003).
4.3 | Unanimous Written Consent Resolution of the Board of Directors Amending the Amended and Restated Resolution Creating a Series of Preferred Equity to be Designated 8% Cumulative Redeemable Preferred Stock. (Incorporated by reference to Amendment No. 2 to our Registration Statement on Form S-2 (File No. 333-101916), filed January 23, 2003).
4.4 | Unanimous Written Consent Resolution of the Board of Directors Amending the Amended and Restated Resolution Creating a Series of Preferred Equity to be Designated 8% Cumulative Redeemable Preferred Stock to change the record date for dividends. (Incorporated by reference to our Form 10-Q for the quarterly period ended May 31, 2003, filed July 2, 2003).
4.5 | Resolution Amending the Terms of the 8% Cumulative Redeemable Preferred Stock to Provide for Call Protection. (Incorporated by reference to our Current Report on Form 8-K, filed July 19, 2013).
4.6 | Resolution Creating Class B Cumulative Redeemable Preferred Stock. (Incorporated by reference to Amendment No. 2 to our Registration Statement on Form S-1 (File No. 333-190019), filed September 13, 2013).
4.7 | Unanimous Written Consent Resolution of the Board of Directors of CHS Inc. Relating to the Terms of the Class B Cumulative Redeemable Preferred Stock, Series 1. (Incorporated by reference to our Registration Statement on Form 8-A (File No. 001-36079), filed September 20, 2013).
4.8 | Form of Certificate Representing Class B Cumulative Redeemable Preferred Stock, Series 1. (Incorporated by reference to Amendment No. 2 to our Registration Statement on Form S-1 (File No. 333-190019), filed September 13, 2013).
4.9 | Unanimous Written Consent Resolution of the Board of Directors Relating to the Terms of the Class B Reset Rate Cumulative Redeemable Preferred Stock, Series 2. (Incorporated by reference to our Registration Statement on Form 8-A (File No. 001-36079), filed March 5, 2014).
4.10 | Form of Certificate Representing Class B Reset Rate Cumulative Redeemable Preferred Stock, Series 2. (Incorporated by reference to Amendment No. 1 to our Registration Statement on Form S-1 (File No. 333-193891), filed February 26, 2014).
4.11 | Unanimous Written Consent Resolution of the Board of Directors Relating to the Terms of the Class B Reset Rate Cumulative Redeemable Preferred Stock, Series 3. (Incorporated by reference to our Registration Statement on Form 8-A (File No. 001-36079), filed September 10, 2014).
4.12 | Form of Certificate Representing Class B Reset Rate Cumulative Redeemable Preferred Stock, Series 3. (Incorporated by reference to our Registration Statement on Form 8-A (File No. 001-36079), filed September 10, 2014).
4.13 | Unanimous Written Consent Resolution of the Board of Directors Relating to the Terms of the Class B Cumulative Redeemable Preferred Stock, Series 4. (Incorporated by reference to our Registration Statement on Form 8-A (File No. 001-36079), filed January 14, 2015).
4.14 | Form of Certificate Representing Class B Cumulative Redeemable Preferred Stock, Series 4. (Incorporated by reference to our Registration Statement on Form 8-A (File No. 001-36079), filed January 14, 2015).
10.1 | Separation Agreement between CHS Inc. and Carl M. Casale dated and effective May 22, 2017. (Incorporated by reference to our Current Report on Form 8-K, filed May 22, 2017).(+)
10.2 | Letter Agreement, dated as of March 15, 2018, between Shirley Cunningham and CHS Inc. (Incorporated by reference to our Current Report on Form 8-K, filed March 15, 2018).(+)
10.3 | Employment Agreement between CHS Inc. and Jay D. Debertin dated and effective May 22, 2017. (Incorporated by reference to our Current Report on Form 8-K, filed May 22, 2017).(+)
10.4 | CHS Inc. Supplemental Executive Retirement Plan (2013 Restatement). (Incorporated by reference to Amendment No. 1 to our Registration Statement on Form S-1 (file No. 333-190019), filed September 3, 2013). (+)

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10.4A | Amendment No. 1 to the CHS Inc. Supplemental Executive Retirement Plan (2013 Restatement). (Incorporated by reference to our Form 10-K for the year ended August 31, 2016, filed November 3, 2016). (+)
10.4B | Amendment No. 2 to the CHS Inc. Supplemental Executive Retirement Plan (2013 Restatement). (Incorporated by reference to our Form 10-Q for the quarterly period ended May 31, 2016, filed July 7, 2016). (+)
10.5 | CHS Inc. 2017 Annual Variable Pay Plan Master Plan Document (Incorporated by reference to our Form 10-K for the year ended August 31, 2017, filed November 9, 2017). (+)
10.5A | CHS Inc. 2017 Annual Variable Pay Plan Appendix A, Plan Details (Incorporated by reference to our Form 10-K for the year ended August 31, 2017, filed November 9, 2017). (+)
10.5B | CHS Inc. 2017 Annual Variable Pay Plan Appendix B, Plan Modification (Incorporated by reference to our Form 10-K for the year ended August 31, 2017, filed November 9, 2017). (+)
10.6 | CHS Inc. 2018 Annual Variable Pay Plan Master Plan Document (*) (+)
10.6A | CHS Inc. 2018 Annual Variable Pay Plan Appendix, Plan Details (*) (+)
10.7 | CHS Inc. Long-Term Incentive Plan XIV Master Plan Document (2015-2017). (Incorporated by reference to our Form 10-K for the year ended August 31, 2017, filed November 9, 2017).(+)
10.7A | CHS Inc. Long-Term Incentive Plan XIV Plan Appendix (2015-2017) (Incorporated by reference to our Form 10-K for the year ended August 31, 2017, filed November 9, 2017).(+)
10.7B | CHS Inc. Long-Term Incentive Plan XIV Master Plan Document (2016-2018). (Incorporated by reference to our Form 10-K for the year ended August 31, 2017, filed November 9, 2017).(+)
10.7C | CHS Inc. Long-Term Incentive Plan XIV Plan Appendix (2016-2018) (Incorporated by reference to our Form 10-K for the year ended August 31, 2017, filed November 9, 2017).(+)
10.7D | CHS Inc. Long-Term Incentive Plan XIV Plan Appendix (2017-2019)(Incorporated by reference to our Form 10-K for the year ended August 31, 2017, filed November 9, 2017).(+)
10.7E | CHS Inc. Long-Term Incentive Plan XIV Plan Appendix (2018-2020)(Incorporated by reference to our Form 10-K for the year ended August 31, 2017, filed November 9, 2017).(+)
10.8 | CHS Inc. Nonemployee Director Retirement Plan. (Incorporated by reference to our Form 10-Q for the quarterly period ended May 31, 2010, filed July 8, 2010). (+)
10.8A | Amendment No. 1 to the Nonemployee Director Retirement Plan. (Incorporated by reference to our Form 10-K for the year ended August 31, 2011, filed November 14, 2011). (+)
10.8B | Amendment No. 2 to the Nonemployee Director Retirement Plan. (Incorporated by reference to our Form 10-K for the year ended August 31, 2012, filed November 7, 2012). (+)
10.9 | Trust Under the CHS Inc. Nonemployee Director Retirement Plan. (Incorporated by reference to our Form 10-Q for the quarterly period ended May 31, 2010, filed July 8, 2010). (+)
10.10 | CHS Inc. Senior Leadership Team Retention Award Document. (*) (+)
10.11 | $225,000,000 Note Agreement (Private Placement Agreement) dated as of June 19, 1998 among Cenex Harvest States Cooperatives and each of the Purchasers of the Notes. (Incorporated by Reference to our Form 10-Q Transition Report for the period June 1, 1998 to August 31, 1998, filed October 14, 1998).
10.11A | First Amendment to Note Agreement ($225,000,000 Private Placement), effective September 10, 2003, among CHS Inc. and each of the Purchasers of the Notes. (Incorporated by reference to our Form 10-K for the year ended August 31, 2003, filed November 21, 2003).
10.12 | Note Purchase Agreement and Series D & E Senior Notes dated October 18, 2002. (Incorporated by reference to our Form 10-K for the year ended August 31, 2002, filed November 25, 2002).
10.12A | Amendment No. 1 to Note Purchase Agreement dated as of June 9, 2011, between CHS Inc. and the purchasers of notes party thereto. (Incorporated by reference to our Current Report on Form 8-K, filed September 11, 2015).
10.12B | Amendment No. 2 to Note Purchase Agreement dated as of September 4, 2015, between CHS Inc. and the purchasers of notes party thereto. (Incorporated by reference to our Current Report on Form 8-K, filed September 11, 2015).
10.13 | Note Purchase and Private Shelf Agreement between CHS Inc. and Prudential Capital Group dated as of April 13, 2004. (Incorporated by reference to our Form 10-Q for the quarterly period ended May 31, 2004, filed July 12, 2004).
10.13A | Amendment No. 1 to Note Purchase and Private Shelf Agreement dated April 9, 2007, among CHS Inc., Prudential Investment Management, Inc. and the Prudential Affiliate parties. (Incorporated by reference to our Form 10-Q for the quarterly period ended February 28, 2007, filed April 9, 2007).
10.13B | Amendment No. 2 to Note Purchase and Private Shelf Agreement and Senior Series J Notes totaling $50 million issued February 8, 2008. (Incorporated by reference to our Current Report on Form 8-K, filed February 11, 2008).
10.13C | Amendment No. 3 to Note Purchase and Private Shelf Agreement, effective as of November 1, 2010. (Incorporated by reference to our Form 10-Q for the quarterly period ended November 30, 2010, filed January 11, 2011).

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10.13D | Amendment No. 4 to Note Purchase and Private Shelf Agreement dated as of June 9, 2011, between CHS Inc. and the purchasers of notes party thereto. (Incorporated by reference to our Form 10-K for the year ended August 31, 2015, filed November 23, 2015).
10.13E | Amendment No. 5 to Note Purchase and Private Shelf Agreement dated as of December 21, 2012, between CHS Inc. and the purchasers of notes party thereto. (Incorporated by reference to our Form 10-K for the year ended August 31, 2015, filed November 23, 2015).
10.13F | Amendment No. 6 to Note Purchase and Private Shelf Agreement dated as of September 4, 2015, between CHS Inc. and the purchasers of notes party thereto. (Incorporated by reference to our Current Report on Form 8-K, filed September 11, 2015).
10.14 | Note Purchase Agreement for Series H Senior Notes ($125,000,000 Private Placement) dated September 21, 2004. (Incorporated by reference to our Current Report on Form 8-K, filed September 22, 2004).
10.15 | CHS Inc. Deferred Compensation Plan Master Plan Document (2015 Restatement). (Incorporated by reference to our Form 10-Q for the quarterly period ended May 31, 2015, filed July 10, 2015). (+)
10.15A | Amendment No. 1 to the CHS Inc. Deferred Compensation Plan (2015 Restatement). (Incorporated by reference to our Form 10-Q for the quarterly period ended May 31, 2016, filed July 7, 2016). (+)
10.15B | Amendment No. 2 to the CHS Inc. Deferred Compensation Plan (2015 Restatement). (Incorporated by reference to our Form 10-K for the year ended August 31, 2017, filed November 9, 2017).(+)
10.16 | Beneficiary Designation Form for the CHS Inc. Deferred Compensation Plan (Incorporated by reference to our Form 10-K for the year ended August 31, 2009, filed November 10, 2009). (+)
10.17 | New Plan Participants 2011 Plan Agreement and Election Form for the CHS Inc. Deferred Compensation Plan. (Incorporated by reference to our Registration Statement on Form S-8 (File No. 333-177326), filed October 14, 2011). (+)
10.18 | CHS Inc. Strategic Leadership Team Retention Award. (Incorporated by reference to our Form 10-K for the year ended August 31, 2017, filed November 9, 2017). (+)
10.19 | Loan Agreement (Term Loan) between CHS Inc. and European Bank for Reconstruction and Development, dated January 5, 2011. (Incorporated by reference to our Current Report on Form 8-K, filed January 18, 2011).
10.20 | Revolving Loan Agreement between CHS Inc. and European Bank for Reconstruction and Development, dated November 30, 2010. (Incorporated by reference to our Current Report on Form 8-K, filed January 18, 2011).
10.21 | Note Purchase Agreement ($400,000,000 Private Placement) and Series I Senior Notes dated as of October 4, 2007. (Incorporated by reference to our Current Report on Form 8-K, filed October 4, 2007).
10.21A | Amendment No. 1 to Note Purchase Agreement ($400,000,000 Private Placement) and Series I Senior Notes dated as of June 9, 2011. (*)
10.21B | Amendment No. 2 to Note Purchase Agreement dated as of September 4, 2015, between CHS Inc. and the purchasers of notes party thereto. (Incorporated by reference to our Current Report on Form 8-K, filed September 11, 2015).
10.22 | Agreement Regarding Distribution of Assets, by and among CHS Inc., United Country Brands, LLC, Land O’Lakes, Inc. and Winfield Solutions, LLC, made as of September 4, 2007. (Incorporated by reference to our Form 10-K for the year ended August 31, 2007, filed November 20, 2007).
10.23 | $150 Million Term Loan Credit Agreement by and between CHS Inc., CoBank, ACB and the Syndication Parties dated as of December 12, 2007. (Incorporated by reference to our Registration Statement on Form S-1 (File No. 333-148091), filed December 14, 2007).
10.23A | First Amendment to $150 Million Term Loan Credit Agreement by and between CHS Inc., CoBank, ACB and the Syndication Parties dated as of May 1, 2008. (Incorporated by reference to our Form 10-Q for the quarterly period ended May 31, 2008, filed July 10, 2008).
10.23B | Second Amendment to $150 Million Term Loan Credit Agreement by and between CHS Inc., CoBank, ACB and the Syndication Parties dated as of June 2, 2010. (Incorporated by reference to our Current Report on Form 8-K, filed June 3, 2010).
10.23C | Third Amendment to $150 Million Term Loan Credit Agreement by and between CHS Inc., CoBank, ACB and the Syndication Parties dated as of September 27, 2011. (*)
10.23D | Fourth Amendment to $150 Million Term Loan Credit Agreement by and between CHS Inc., CoBank, ACB and the Syndication Parties dated as of June 26, 2013. (*)
10.23E | Fifth Amendment and Waiver, dated as of September 4, 2015, to that certain Credit Agreement (10-Year Term Loan), dated as of December 12, 2007, by and between CHS Inc., CoBank, ACB, as a syndication party and as the administrative agent for the benefit of all present and future syndication parties, and the other syndication parties party thereto. (Incorporated by reference to our Current Report on Form 8-K, filed September 11, 2015).
10.24 | Amended and Restated Loan Origination and Participation Agreement dated as of September 1, 2011, by and among AgStar Financial Services, PCA, d/b/a ProPartners Financial, and CHS Capital, LLC. (Incorporated by reference to our Form 10-K for the year ended August 31, 2011, filed November 14, 2011).

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10.24A | Amendment No. 1 to Amended and Restated Loan Origination and Participation Agreement dated as of September 1, 2011, by and among AgStar Financial Services, PCA, d/b/a ProPartners Financial, and CHS Capital, LLC. (Incorporated by reference to our Form 10-K for the year ended August 31, 2012, filed November 7, 2012).
10.24B | Amendment No. 2 to Amended and Restated Loan Origination and Participation Agreement dated as of September 1, 2011, by and among AgStar Financial Services, PCA, d/b/a ProPartners Financial, and CHS Capital, LLC. (Incorporated by reference to our Form 10-Q for the quarterly period ended May 31, 2017, filed July 14, 2017).
10.24C | Amendment No. 3 to Amended and Restated Loan Origination and Participation Agreement dated as of September 1, 2011, by and among AgStar Financial Services, PCA, d/b/a ProPartners Financial, and CHS Capital, LLC. (Incorporated by reference to our Form 10-Q for the quarterly period ended May 31, 2017, filed July 14, 2017).
10.24D | Amendment No. 4 to Amended and Restated Loan Origination and Participation Agreement dated as of September 1, 2011, by and among AgStar Financial Services, PCA, d/b/a ProPartners Financial, and CHS Capital, LLC. (Incorporated by reference to our Form 10-Q for the quarterly period ended May 31, 2017, filed July 14, 2017).
10.25 | Stock Transfer Agreement, dated as of November 17, 2011, between CHS Inc. and GROWMARK, Inc. (Incorporated by reference to our Form 10-Q for the quarterly period ended November 30, 2011, filed January 11, 2012).
10.26 | Stock Transfer Agreement, dated as of November 17, 2011, between CHS Inc. and MFA Oil Company. (Incorporated by reference to our Form 10-Q for the quarterly period ended November 30, 2011, filed January 11, 2012).
10.27 | Amended and Restated Limited Liability Company Agreement, dated February 1, 2012, between CHS Inc. and Cargill, Incorporated. (Incorporated by reference to our Current Report on Form 8-K, filed February 1, 2012).
10.28 | Note Purchase Agreement between CHS Inc. and certain accredited investors ($500,000,000) dated as of June 9, 2011. (Incorporated by reference to our Current Report on Form 8-K, filed June 13, 2011).
10.28A | Amendment No. 1 to Note Purchase Agreement dated as of September 4, 2015, between CHS Inc. and the purchasers of notes party thereto. (Incorporated by reference to our Current Report on Form 8-K, filed September 11, 2015).
10.29 | Joint venture agreement among CHS Inc., Cargill, Incorporated, and ConAgra Foods, Inc., dated March 4, 2013. (Incorporated by reference to our Form 10-Q for the quarterly period ended May 31, 2013, filed July 10, 2013).
10.29A | Amendment No. 1 to the joint venture agreement among CHS Inc., Cargill Incorporated, and ConAgra Foods, Inc., dated April 30, 2013. (Incorporated by reference to our Form 10-K for the year ended August 31, 2015, filed November 23, 2015).
10.29B | Amendment No. 2 to the joint venture agreement among CHS Inc., Cargill Incorporated, and ConAgra Foods, Inc., dated May 31, 2013. (Incorporated by reference to our Form 10-K for the year ended August 31, 2015, filed November 23, 2015).
10.29C | Amendment No. 3 to the joint venture agreement among CHS Inc., Cargill Incorporated, and ConAgra Foods, Inc., dated July 24, 2013. (Incorporated by reference to our Form 10-K for the year ended August 31, 2015, filed November 23, 2015).
10.29D | Amendment No. 4 to the joint venture agreement among CHS Inc., Cargill Incorporated, and ConAgra Foods, Inc., dated March 27, 2014. (Incorporated by reference to our Form 10-Q for the quarterly period ended February 28, 2014, filed April 3, 2014).
10.29E | Amendment No. 5 to the joint venture agreement among CHS Inc., Cargill Incorporated, and ConAgra Foods, Inc., dated May 25, 2014. (Incorporated by reference to our Form 10-Q for the quarterly period ended May 31, 2014, filed July 9, 2014).
10.30 | Resolutions Amending the Long-Term Incentive Plan. (Incorporated by reference to our Current Report on Form 8-K, filed September 3, 2013). (+)
10.31 | Pre-Export Credit Agreement dated as of September 24, 2013 between CHS Agronegocio Industria e Comercio Ltda., as borrower, CHS Inc., as guarantor, and Credit Agricole Corporate and Investment Bank (Credit Agricole), as administrative agent, Credit Agricole and Merrill Lynch, Pierce, Fenner & Smith Incorporated, as joint lead arrangers and joint bookrunners, and the other syndication parties thereto from time to time. (Incorporated by reference to our Current Report on Form 8-K, filed October 4, 2013).
10.31A | First Amendment to Pre-Export Credit Agreement dated as of October 9, 2015, among CHS Agronegocio Industria e Comercio Ltda., as borrower, CHS Inc., as guarantor, Credit Agricole Corporate and Investment Bank, as administrative agent, and the lenders party thereto. (Incorporated by reference to our Form 10-K for the year ended August 31, 2015, filed November 23, 2015).
10.32 | Amended and Restated Supply Agreement dated as of December 18, 2015 between CHS Inc. and CF Industries Nitrogen LLC. (Incorporated by reference to our Current Report on Form 8-K, filed December 21, 2015). (***)
10.33 | 2015 Amended and Restated Credit Agreement (5-Year Revolving Loan) dated as of September 4, 2015, by and between CHS Inc., CoBank, ACB, as a syndication party and as the administrative agent for the benefit of all present and future syndication parties, Wells Fargo Bank, National Association, as syndication agent, and the other syndication parties party thereto. (Incorporated by reference to our Current Report on Form 8-K, filed September 11, 2015).

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10.34 | 2015 Credit Agreement (10-Year Term Loan) dated as of September 4, 2015, by and between CHS Inc., CoBank, ACB, as a syndication party and as the administrative agent for the benefit of all present and future syndication parties, and the other syndication parties party thereto. (Incorporated by reference to our Current Report on Form 8-K, filed September 11, 2015).
10.34A | Amendment No. 1 to 2015 Credit Agreement. (10-Year Term Loan), dated as of June 30, 2016, by and between CHS Inc., CoBank, ACB, as a syndication party and as the administrative agent for the benefit of all present and future syndication parties, and the other syndication parties thereto. (Incorporated by reference to our Form 10-Q for the quarterly period ended May 31, 2016, filed July 7, 2016).
10.35 | Note Purchase Agreement, dated as of January 14, 2016, among CHS Inc. and each of the Purchasers signatory thereto. (Incorporated by reference to our Current Report on Form 8-K, filed January 21, 2016).
10.36 | Sale and Contribution Agreement, dated as of July 22, 2016, by and among CHS Inc., CHS Capital, LLC and Cofina Funding, LLC. (Incorporated by reference to our Form 10-K for the year ended August 31, 2016, filed November 3, 2016).
10.36A | Omnibus Amendment No. 1, dated as of February 14, 2017, by and among Cofina Funding, LLC, as seller, CHS Inc., as servicer and as an originator, CHS Capital, LLC, as an originator, the conduit purchasers, committed purchasers and purchaser agents set forth on the signature pages thereto, the Bank of Tokyo-Mitsubishi UFJ, Ltd., New York Branch, as administrative agent, and U.S. Bank National Association, as custodian. (Incorporated by reference to our Current Report on 8-K, filed February 15, 2017).
10.36B | Omnibus Amendment No. 2, dated as of July 18, 2017, by and among Cofina Funding, LLC, as seller, CHS Inc., as servicer and as an originator, CHS Capital, LLC, as an originator, the conduit purchasers, committed purchasers and purchaser agents set forth on the signature pages thereto, the Bank of Tokyo-Mitsubishi UFJ, Ltd., New York Branch, as administrative agent, and U.S. Bank National Association, as custodian. (Incorporated by reference to our Form 10-K for the year ended August 31, 2017, filed November 9, 2017).
10.36C | Omnibus Amendment No. 3, dated as of September 4, 2018, by and among Cofina Funding, LLC, as seller, CHS Inc., as servicer and as an originator, CHS Capital, LLC, as an originator, the conduit purchasers, committed purchasers and purchaser agents set forth on the signature pages thereto, the Bank of Tokyo-Mitsubishi UFJ, Ltd., New York Branch, as administrative agent, and U.S. Bank National Association, as custodian. (*)
10.37 | Receivables Financing Agreement dated July 22, 2016, by and among CHS Inc., individually and as a Servicer, Cofina Funding, LLC, as Seller, Victory Receivables Corporation and Nieuw Amsterdam Receivables Corporation B.V., as Conduit Purchasers, Coöperatieve Rabobank U.A., as a Committed Purchaser, Coöperatieve Rabobank U.A., New York Branch, as Purchaser Agent, and the Bank of Tokyo-Mitsubishi UFJ, Ltd., New York Branch, as a Committed Purchaser, Purchaser Agent and as Administrative Agent. (Incorporated by reference to our Form 10-K for the year ended August 31, 2016, filed November 3, 2016).
10.37A | Amended and Restated Receivables Purchase Agreement dated July 18, 2017, by and among CHS Inc., individually and as a Servicer, Cofina Funding, LLC, as Seller, Victory Receivables Corporation and Nieuw Amsterdam Receivables Corporation B.V., as Conduit Purchasers, Coöperatieve Rabobank U.A., as a Committed Purchaser, Coöperatieve Rabobank U.A., New York Branch, as Purchaser Agent, and the Bank of Tokyo-Mitsubishi UFJ, Ltd., New York Branch, as a Committed Purchaser, Purchaser Agent and as Administrative Agent. (Incorporated by reference to our Form 10-K for the year ended August 31, 2017, filed November 9, 2017).
10.37B | First Amendment to Amended and Restated Receivables Purchase Agreement, dated as of June 28, 2018, by and among Cofina Funding, LLC, as Seller, CHS Inc., as Servicer, the Conduit Purchasers, Committed Purchasers and Purchaser Agents set forth on the signature pages thereto and MUFG Bank Ltd. (f/k/a The Bank of Tokyo-Mitsubishi UFJ, Ltd.), as Administrative Agent. (Incorporated by reference to our Current Report on Form 8-K, filed July 5, 2018).
10.38 | Reaffirmation of Performance Guaranty dated July 18, 2017, by and among CHS Inc., individually and as a Servicer, Cofina Funding, LLC, as Seller, Victory Receivables Corporation and Nieuw Amsterdam Receivables Corporation B.V., as Conduit Purchasers, Coöperatieve Rabobank U.A., as a Committed Purchaser, Coöperatieve Rabobank U.A., New York Branch, as Purchaser Agent, and the Bank of Tokyo-Mitsubishi UFJ, Ltd., New York Branch, as a Committed Purchaser, Purchaser Agent and as Administrative Agent. (Incorporated by reference to our Form 10-K for the year ended August 31, 2017, filed November 9, 2017).
10.39 | Master Framework Agreement, dated as of September 4, 2018 (the “Framework Agreement”), by and among, MUFG Bank, Ltd. (f/k/a The Bank of Tokyo-Mitsubishi UFJ, Ltd.) and each other financial institution from time to time party thereto, as MFA Buyers, MUFG Bank, Ltd., as agent for the MFA Buyers, CHS Inc. and CHS Capital, LLC, as sellers, and CHS Inc., as agent for the sellers. (*)
10.40 | 1996 SIFMA Master Repurchase Agreement, dated as of September 4, 2018, between CHS Inc. and the buyer under the Framework Agreement, including Annex I thereto (and as amended thereby). (*)
10.41 | 1996 SIFMA Master Repurchase Agreement, dated as of September 4, 2018, between CHS Capital, LLC and the buyer under the Framework Agreement, including Annex I thereto (and as amended thereby). (*)
10.42 | Guaranty, dated as of September 4, 2018, by CHS Inc. in favor of the buyer under the Framework Agreement. (*)

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21.1 | Subsidiaries of the Registrant.(*)
23.1 | Consent of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm.(*)
31.1 | Certification Pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.(*)
31.2 | Certification Pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.(*)
32.1 | Certification Pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as Adopted Pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.(*)
32.2 | Certification Pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as Adopted Pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.(*)
101 | The following financial information from CHS Inc.’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended August 31, 2018, formatted in Extensible Business Reporting Language (XBRL): (i) the Consolidated Statements of Operations, (ii) the Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income, (iii) the Consolidated Balance Sheets, (iv) the Consolidated Statements of Changes in Equity, (v) the Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows and (vi) the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements. (*)

_______________________________________
(*) Filed herewith.

(**) | Schedules have been omitted pursuant to Item 601(b)(2) of Regulation S-K. CHS hereby undertakes to furnish supplemental copies of any of the omitted schedules to the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission upon request.

(***) | Portions of Exhibits 2.1 and 10.30 have been omitted pursuant to a confidential treatment order under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934.

(+) Indicates management contract or compensatory plan or agreement.
(b) EXHIBITS
The exhibits shown in Item 15(a)(3) of this Annual Report on Form 10-K are being filed herewith.
(c) SCHEDULES
None.
ITEM 16. FORM 10-K SUMMARY
None.
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SIGNATURES
Pursuant to the requirements of Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized, on December 3, 2018.
CHS INC.

| By: | /s/ Jay D. Debertin
|  | Jay D. Debertin
|  | President and Chief Executive Officer

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, this report has been signed below by the following persons on behalf of the registrant and in the capacities indicated on December 3, 2018:

Signature |  | Title
/s/ Jay D. Debertin |  | President and Chief Executive Officer (principal executive officer)
Jay D. Debertin |
/s/ Timothy Skidmore |  | Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer (principal financial officer)
Timothy Skidmore |
/s/ Daniel Lehmann |  | Vice President Finance, Corporate Controller and Chief Accounting Officer (principal accounting officer)
Daniel Lehmann |
/s/ Daniel Schurr |  | Chairman of the Board of Directors
Daniel Schurr |
/s/ Donald Anthony |  | Director
Donald Anthony |
/s/ Clinton J. Blew |  | Director
Clinton J. Blew |
/s/ Dennis Carlson |  | Director
Dennis Carlson |
/s/ Scott Cordes |  | Director
Scott Cordes |
/s/ Jon Erickson |  | Director
Jon Erickson |
/s/ Mark Farrell |  | Director
Mark Farrell |
/s/ Steve Fritel |  | Director
Steve Fritel |

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/s/ Alan Holm |  | Director
Alan Holm |
/s/ David Johnsrud |  | Director
David Johnsrud |
/s/ Tracy Jones |  | Director
Tracy Jones |
/s/ David Kayser |  | Director
David Kayser |
/s/ Russell Kehl |  | Director
Russell Kehl |
/s/ Randy Knecht |  | Director
Randy Knecht |
/s/ Edward Malesich |  | Director
Edward Malesich |
/s/ Perry Meyer |  | Director
Perry Meyer |
/s/ Steve Riegel |  | Director
Steve Riegel |

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REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM
To the Board of Directors, Members and Patrons of CHS Inc.:
Opinion on the Financial Statements
We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of CHS Inc. and its subsidiaries (the "Company") as of August 31, 2018 and 2017, and the related consolidated statements of operations, comprehensive income, changes in equities and cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended August 31, 2018, including the related notes and schedule of valuation and qualifying accounts and reserves for each of the three years in the period ended August 31, 2018, appearing under Item 15(a)(2) (collectively referred to as the "consolidated financial statements"). In our opinion, the consolidated financial statements present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of the Company as of August 31, 2018 and 2017, and the results of its operations and its cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended August 31, 2018, in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America.
Restatement of Previously Issued Financial Statements
As discussed in Note 2 to the consolidated financial statements, the Company has restated its 2017 and 2016 financial statements to correct misstatements.
Basis for Opinion
These consolidated financial statements are the responsibility of the Company's management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the Company's consolidated financial statements based on our audits. We are a public accounting firm registered with the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (PCAOB) and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB.
We conducted our audits of these consolidated financial statements in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the consolidated financial statements are free of material misstatement, whether due to error or fraud. The Company is not required to have, nor were we engaged to perform, an audit of its internal control over financial reporting. As part of our audits we are required to obtain an understanding of internal control over financial reporting but not for the purpose of expressing an opinion on the effectiveness of the Company's internal control over financial reporting. Accordingly, we express no such opinion.
Our audits included performing procedures to assess the risks of material misstatement of the consolidated financial statements, whether due to error or fraud, and performing procedures that respond to those risks. Such procedures included examining, on a test basis, evidence regarding the amounts and disclosures in the consolidated financial statements. Our audits also included evaluating the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall presentation of the consolidated financial statements. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion.
PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP
Minneapolis, Minnesota
December 3, 2018
We have served as the Company's auditor since 1998.
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CHS INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS

| August 31,
| 2018 |  | (As Restated) 2017
| (Dollars in thousands)
ASSETS |  |  |
Current assets: |  |  |  |  |
Cash and cash equivalents | $ | 450,617 |  |  | $ | 181,379 |
Receivables | 2,460,401 |  |  | 1,892,168 |
Inventories | 2,768,649 |  |  | 2,601,604 |
Derivative assets | 329,757 |  |  | 218,742 |
Margin and related deposits | 151,150 |  |  | 206,062 |
Supplier advance payments | 288,423 |  |  | 249,234 |
Other current assets | 244,208 |  |  | 281,925 |
Total current assets | 6,693,205 |  |  | 5,631,114 |
Investments | 3,711,925 |  |  | 3,750,993 |
Property, plant and equipment | 5,141,719 |  |  | 5,356,434 |
Other assets | 834,329 |  |  | 1,080,381 |
Total assets | $ | 16,381,178 |  |  | $ | 15,818,922 |
LIABILITIES AND EQUITIES |  |  |
Current liabilities: |  |  |  |  |
Notes payable | $ | 2,272,196 |  |  | $ | 1,985,163 |
Current portion of long-term debt | 167,565 |  |  | 156,345 |
Customer margin deposits and credit balances | 137,395 |  |  | 157,914 |
Customer advance payments | 409,088 |  |  | 423,770 |
Accounts payable | 1,844,489 |  |  | 1,991,294 |
Derivative liabilities | 438,465 |  |  | 300,946 |
Accrued expenses | 511,032 |  |  | 454,996 |
Dividends and equities payable | 153,941 |  |  | 12,121 |
Total current liabilities | 5,934,171 |  |  | 5,482,549 |
Long-term debt | 1,762,690 |  |  | 2,023,448 |
Long-term deferred tax liabilities | 182,770 |  |  | 329,980 |
Other liabilities | 336,519 |  |  | 277,305 |
Commitments and contingencies (Note 15) |  |  |  |  |
Equities: |  |  |  |  |
Preferred stock | 2,264,038 |  |  | 2,264,038 |
Equity certificates | 4,609,456 |  |  | 4,341,649 |
Accumulated other comprehensive loss | (199,915 | ) |  | (180,360 | )
Capital reserves | 1,482,003 |  |  | 1,267,808 |
Total CHS Inc. equities | 8,155,582 |  |  | 7,693,135 |
Noncontrolling interests | 9,446 |  |  | 12,505 |
Total equities | 8,165,028 |  |  | 7,705,640 |
Total liabilities and equities | $ | 16,381,178 |  |  | $ | 15,818,922 |

The accompanying notes are an integral part of the consolidated financial statements.
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CHS INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS

| For the Years Ended August 31,
| 2018 |  | (As Restated) 2017 |  | (As Restated) 2016
| (Dollars in thousands)
Revenues | $ | 32,683,347 |  |  | $ | 32,037,426 |  |  | $ | 30,355,260 |
Cost of goods sold | 31,589,887 |  |  | 31,142,766 |  |  | 29,386,515 |
Gross profit | 1,093,460 |  |  | 894,660 |  |  | 968,745 |
Marketing, general and administrative | 674,083 |  |  | 612,007 |  |  | 601,266 |
Reserve and impairment charges (recoveries), net | (37,709 | ) |  | 456,679 |  |  | 75,036 |
Operating earnings (loss) | 457,086 |  |  | (174,026 | ) |  | 292,443 |
(Gain) loss on disposal of business | (131,816 | ) |  | 2,190 |  |  | — |
Interest expense | 149,202 |  |  | 171,239 |  |  | 113,704 |
Other (income) loss | (78,015 | ) |  | (99,951 | ) |  | (47,609 | )
Equity (income) loss from investments | (153,515 | ) |  | (137,338 | ) |  | (175,777 | )
Income (loss) before income taxes | 671,230 |  |  | (110,166 | ) |  | 402,125 |
Income tax expense (benefit) | (104,076 | ) |  | (181,124 | ) |  | 19,099 |
Net income (loss) | 775,306 |  |  | 70,958 |  |  | 383,026 |
Net income (loss) attributable to noncontrolling interests | (601 | ) |  | (634 | ) |  | (223 | )
Net income (loss) attributable to CHS Inc. | $ | 775,907 |  |  | $ | 71,592 |  |  | $ | 383,249 |

The accompanying notes are an integral part of the consolidated financial statements.
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CHS INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME

| For the Years Ended August 31,
| 2018 |  | (As Restated) 2017 |  | (As Restated) 2016
| (Dollars in thousands)
Net income (loss) | $ | 775,306 |  |  | $ | 70,958 |  |  | $ | 383,026 |
Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax: |  |  |  |  |
Postretirement benefit plan activity | 20,066 |  |  | 32,702 |  |  | 6,583 |
Unrealized net gain (loss) on available for sale investments | (3,148 | ) |  | 4,385 |  |  | 1,500 |
Cash flow hedges | 2,540 |  |  | 2,242 |  |  | (3,872 | )
Foreign currency translation adjustment | (12,021 | ) |  | (8,159 | ) |  | (2,904 | )
Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax | 7,437 |  |  | 31,170 |  |  | 1,307 |
Comprehensive income | 782,743 |  |  | 102,128 |  |  | 384,333 |
Less comprehensive income attributable to noncontrolling interests | (601 | ) |  | (634 | ) |  | (223 | )
Comprehensive income attributable to CHS Inc. | $ | 783,344 |  |  | $ | 102,762 |  |  | $ | 384,556 |

The accompanying notes are an integral part of the consolidated financial statements.
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CHS INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN EQUITIES

| For the Years Ended August 31, 2018, 2017, and 2016,
| Equity Certificates |  |  |  | Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss |  |  |  |  |  |
| Capital Equity Certificates |  | Nonpatronage Equity Certificates |  | Nonqualified Equity Certificates |  | Preferred Stock |  |  | Capital Reserves |  | Noncontrolling Interests |  | Total Equities
| (Dollars in thousands)
Balances, August 31, 2015 (As previously reported) | $ | 3,793,897 |  |  | $ | 23,057 |  |  | $ | 282,928 |  |  | $ | 2,167,540 |  |  | $ | (214,207 | ) |  | $ | 1,604,670 |  |  | $ | 11,526 |  |  | $ | 7,669,411 |
Cumulative restatement adjustments |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 1,370 |  |  | (119,237 | ) |  | (105 | ) |  | (117,972 | )
Balances, August 31, 2015 (As restated) | 3,793,897 |  |  | 23,057 |  |  | 282,928 |  |  | 2,167,540 |  |  | (212,837 | ) |  | 1,485,433 |  |  | 11,421 |  |  | 7,551,439 |
Reversal of prior year patronage and redemption estimates | (268,017 | ) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 625,444 |  |  |  |  |  | 357,427 |
Distribution of 2015 patronage refunds | 375,506 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | (627,246 | ) |  |  |  |  | (251,740 | )
Redemptions of equities | (22,948 | ) |  | (143 | ) |  | (820 | ) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | (23,911 | )
Equities issued | 23,258 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 23,258 |
Capital equity certificates exchanged for preferred stock | (76,756 | ) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 76,756 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | — |
Preferred stock dividends |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | (122,824 | ) |  |  |  |  | (122,824 | )
Other, net | (1,248 | ) |  | (20 | ) |  | (341 | ) |  | (164 | ) |  |  |  |  | 2,401 |  |  | 2,988 |  |  | 3,616 |
Net income (loss) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 383,249 |  |  | (223 | ) |  | 383,026 |
Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 1,307 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 1,307 |
Estimated 2016 patronage refunds | 153,579 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | (257,458 | ) |  |  |  |  | (103,879 | )
Estimated 2016 equity redemptions | (58,560 | ) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | (58,560 | )
Balances, August 31, 2016 (As restated) | 3,918,711 |  |  | 22,894 |  |  | 281,767 |  |  | 2,244,132 |  |  | (211,530 | ) |  | 1,488,999 |  |  | 14,186 |  |  | 7,759,159 |
Reversal of prior year patronage and redemption estimates | (95,019 | ) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 257,458 |  |  |  |  |  | 162,439 |
Distribution of 2016 patronage refunds | 153,589 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | (257,468 | ) |  |  |  |  | (103,879 | )
Redemptions of equities | (35,041 | ) |  | (389 | ) |  | (1,960 | ) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | (37,390 | )
Equities issued | 3,194 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 3,194 |
Capital equity certificates redeemed with preferred stock | (19,985 | ) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 19,960 |  |  |  |  |  | 25 |  |  |  |  |  | — |
Preferred stock dividends |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | (167,643 | ) |  |  |  |  | (167,643 | )
Other, net | (9,023 | ) |  | 7,331 |  |  | (753 | ) |  | (54 | ) |  |  |  | 1,178 |  |  | (1,047 | ) |  | (2,368 | )
Net income (loss) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 71,592 |  |  | (634 | ) |  | 70,958 |
Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 31,170 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 31,170 |
Estimated 2017 patronage refunds |  |  |  |  |  |  | 126,333 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | (126,333 | ) |  |  |  |  | — |
Estimated 2017 equity redemptions | (10,000 | ) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | (10,000 | )
Balances, August 31, 2017 (As restated) | 3,906,426 |  |  | 29,836 |  |  | 405,387 |  |  | 2,264,038 |  |  | (180,360 | ) |  | 1,267,808 |  |  | 12,505 |  |  | 7,705,640 |
Reversal of prior year patronage and redemption estimates | 6,058 |  |  |  |  |  | (126,333 | ) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 126,333 |  |  |  |  |  | 6,058 |
Distribution of 2017 patronage refunds |  |  |  |  |  |  | 128,831 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | (128,831 | ) |  |  |  |  | — |
Redemptions of equities | (6,064 | ) |  | (185 | ) |  | (476 | ) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | (6,725 | )
Preferred stock dividends |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | (168,668 | ) |  |  |  |  | (168,668 | )
Other, net | (3,840 | ) |  | (153 | ) |  | (361 | ) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 2,792 |  |  | (2,458 | ) |  | (4,020 | )
Net income (loss) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 775,907 |  |  | (601 | ) |  | 775,306 |
Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 7,437 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 7,437 |
Reclassification of tax effects to retained earnings |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | (26,992 | ) |  | 26,992 |  |  |  |  |  | — |
Estimated 2018 patronage refunds |  |  |  |  |  |  | 345,330 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | (420,330 | ) |  |  |  |  | (75,000 | )
Estimated 2018 equity redemptions | (65,000 | ) |  |  |  |  | (10,000 | ) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | (75,000 | )
Balances, August 31, 2018 | $ | 3,837,580 |  |  | $ | 29,498 |  |  | $ | 742,378 |  |  | $ | 2,264,038 |  |  | $ | (199,915 | ) |  | $ | 1,482,003 |  |  | $ | 9,446 |  |  | $ | 8,165,028 |

The accompanying notes are an integral part of the consolidated financial statements.
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CHS INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS

| For the Years Ended August 31,
| 2018 |  | (As Restated) 2017 |  | (As Restated) 2016
| (Dollars in thousands)
Cash flows from operating activities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Net income (loss) | $ | 775,306 |  |  | $ | 70,958 |  |  | $ | 383,026 |
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by (used in) operating activities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Depreciation and amortization | 478,050 |  |  | 480,223 |  |  | 447,492 |
Amortization of deferred major repair costs | 61,686 |  |  | 67,058 |  |  | 73,483 |
Equity (income) loss from investments | (153,515 | ) |  | (137,338 | ) |  | (175,777 | )
Distributions from equity investments | 190,297 |  |  | 213,352 |  |  | 178,464 |
Provision for doubtful accounts | 2,085 |  |  | 177,969 |  |  | 57,200 |
(Gain) loss on disposal of business | (131,816 | ) |  | 2,190 |  |  | — |
Unrealized (gain) loss on crack spread contingent liability | — |  |  | (15,051 | ) |  | (60,931 | )
Long-lived asset impairment, net of recoveries | (10,352 | ) |  | 145,042 |  |  | 27,247 |
Reserve against supplier advance payments | — |  |  | 130,705 |  |  | — |
Deferred taxes | (146,961 | ) |  | (194,467 | ) |  | 28,190 |
Other, net | 6,653 |  |  | 20,173 |  |  | (15,444 | )
Changes in operating assets and liabilities, net of acquisitions: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Receivables | 210,775 |  |  | 146,788 |  |  | 1,570 |
Inventories | (169,581 | ) |  | (333,479 | ) |  | 353,572 |
Derivative assets | (102,368 | ) |  | 114,023 |  |  | 29,822 |
Margin and related deposits | 54,912 |  |  | 97,804 |  |  | (30,705 | )
Supplier advance payments | (39,189 | ) |  | (33,952 | ) |  | 43,415 |
Other current assets and other assets | (13,450 | ) |  | (50,729 | ) |  | 128,603 |
Customer margin deposits and credit balances | (20,518 | ) |  | (50,920 | ) |  | 20,841 |
Customer advance payments | (14,682 | ) |  | (1,329 | ) |  | (7,079 | )
Accounts payable and accrued expenses | (78,388 | ) |  | 227,967 |  |  | (129,587 | )
Derivative liabilities | 132,495 |  |  | (132,423 | ) |  | 1,443 |
Other liabilities | 40,629 |  |  | (25,446 | ) |  | (94,291 | )
Net cash provided by (used in) operating activities | 1,072,068 |  |  | 919,118 |  |  | 1,260,554 |
Cash flows from investing activities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Acquisition of property, plant and equipment | (355,412 | ) |  | (444,397 | ) |  | (692,780 | )
Proceeds from disposition of property, plant and equipment | 91,153 |  |  | 19,541 |  |  | 13,417 |
Proceeds from sale of business | 234,914 |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Expenditures for major repairs | (80,514 | ) |  | (2,340 | ) |  | (19,610 | )
Investments in joint ventures and other | (21,679 | ) |  | (16,645 | ) |  | (2,855,218 | )
Changes in CHS Capital notes receivable, net | 25,335 |  |  | 322 |  |  | (209,902 | )
Financing extended to customers | (74,402 | ) |  | (67,225 | ) |  | (82,302 | )
Payments from customer financing | 52,453 |  |  | 88,154 |  |  | 35,188 |
Other investing activities, net | 48,628 |  |  | 17,549 |  |  | 64,236 |
Net cash provided by (used in) investing activities | (79,524 | ) |  | (405,041 | ) |  | (3,746,971 | )
Cash flows from financing activities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Proceeds from lines of credit and long-term borrowings | 36,040,240 |  |  | 37,295,236 |  |  | 31,586,968 |
Payments on lines of credit, long-term borrowings and capital lease obligations | (36,525,136 | ) |  | (37,584,011 | ) |  | (29,232,842 | )
Mandatorily redeemable noncontrolling interest payments | — |  |  | — |  |  | (153,022 | )
Preferred stock dividends paid | (168,668 | ) |  | (167,642 | ) |  | (163,324 | )
Redemptions of equities | (8,847 | ) |  | (35,268 | ) |  | (23,911 | )
Cash patronage dividends paid | — |  |  | (103,879 | ) |  | (251,740 | )
Other financing activities, net | (69,759 | ) |  | (22,694 | ) |  | 52,067 |
Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities | (732,170 | ) |  | (618,258 | ) |  | 1,814,196 |
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash and cash equivalents | 8,864 |  |  | (4,713 | ) |  | (5,223 | )
Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents | 269,238 |  |  | (108,894 | ) |  | (677,444 | )
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of period | 181,379 |  |  | 290,273 |  |  | 967,717 |
Cash and cash equivalents at end of period | $ | 450,617 |  |  | $ | 181,379 |  |  | $ | 290,273 |

The accompanying notes are an integral part of the consolidated financial statements.
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NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
Note 1 Organization, Basis of Presentation and Significant Accounting Policies
Organization
CHS Inc. ("CHS", "the Company", "we", "us", "our") is the nation’s leading integrated agricultural cooperative. As a cooperative, CHS is owned by farmers and ranchers and their member cooperatives ("members") across the United States. We also have preferred stockholders that own shares of our various series of preferred stock, which are each listed on the Global Select Market of the Nasdaq Stock Market LLC ("Nasdaq"). See Note 10, Equities for more detailed information.
We buy commodities from and provide products and services to individual agricultural producers, local cooperatives and other companies (including member and other non-member customers), both domestic and international. Those products and services include initial agricultural inputs such as fuels, farm supplies, crop nutrients and crop protection products; as well as agricultural outputs that include grains and oilseeds, grain and oilseed processing and food products, and ethanol production and marketing. A portion of our operations are conducted through equity investments and joint ventures whose operating results are not fully consolidated with our results; rather, a proportionate share of the income or loss from those entities is included as a component in our net income under the equity method of accounting.
Basis of Presentation
The consolidated financial statements include the accounts of CHS and all wholly-owned and majority-owned subsidiaries and limited liability companies. The effects of all significant intercompany transactions have been eliminated.
As described in Note 2, Restatement of Previously Issued Consolidated Financial Statements the consolidated financial statements for the years ended August 31, 2017 and 2016, have been restated to reflect the correction of misstatements to the consolidated financial statements. We have also restated all amounts impacted within the Notes to the consolidated financial statements.
Over the course of fiscal 2017, we incurred charges related to a trading partner of ours in Brazil, which entered into bankruptcy-like proceedings under Brazilian law; intangible and fixed asset impairment charges associated with certain assets meeting the criteria to be classified as held for sale; fixed asset impairment charges due to the cancellation of a capital project at one of our refineries; and bad debt/loan loss reserve charges relating to a single large producer borrower. Charges and impairments of this nature, as well as any recoveries related to amounts previously reserved, are included in the Consolidated Statements of Operations in the line item, "reserve and impairment charges (recoveries), net" for the twelve months ended August 31, 2018, 2017, and 2016. The timing and amounts of these charges and impairments, and any recoveries were determined utilizing facts and circumstances that were present in the respective years in which the charges, impairments or recoveries were recorded. See additional information related to the reserves and impairment charges in Note 3, Receivables, Note 6, Property, Plant and Equipment, and Note 7, Other Assets.
The notes to our consolidated financial statements refer to our Energy, Ag and Nitrogen Production reportable segments, as well as our Corporate and Other category, which represents an aggregation of individually immaterial operating segments. The Nitrogen Production reportable segment resulted from our investment in CF Industries Nitrogen, LLC ("CF Nitrogen") in February 2016. Our investment in Ventura Foods, LLC ("Ventura Foods") is no longer a significant operating segment and is now included in our Corporate and Other category. See Note 12, Segment Reporting for more information.
Use of Estimates
The preparation of financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. We base our estimates on assumptions that are believed to be reasonable, the results of which form the basis for making judgments about the carrying values of assets and liabilities. Due to the inherent uncertainty involved in making estimates, actual results could differ from those estimates. We evaluate our estimates and assumptions on an ongoing basis.
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Cash and Cash Equivalents
Cash equivalents include short-term, highly liquid investments with original maturities of three months or less at the date of acquisition. The fair value of cash and cash equivalents approximates the carrying value due to the short-term nature of the instruments.
Inventories
Grain, processed grain, oilseed, processed oilseed and other minimally processed soy-based inventories are stated at net realizable value. These inventories are agricultural commodity inventories that are readily convertible to cash because of their commodity characteristics, widely available markets and international pricing mechanisms. Agricultural commodity inventories have quoted market prices in active markets, may be sold without significant further processing and have predictable and insignificant disposal costs. Changes in the net realizable value of merchandisable agricultural commodities inventories are recognized in earnings as a component of cost of goods sold.
All other inventories are stated at the lower of cost or net realizable value. Costs for inventories produced or modified by us through a manufacturing process include fixed and variable production and raw material costs, and in-bound freight costs for raw materials. Costs for inventories purchased for resale include the cost of products and freight incurred to place the products at our points of sale. The costs of certain energy inventories (wholesale refined products, crude oil and asphalt) are determined on the last-in, first-out ("LIFO") method; all other inventories of non-grain products purchased for resale are valued on the first-in, first-out ("FIFO") and average cost methods.
Derivative Financial Instruments and Hedging Activities
We enter into various derivative instruments to manage our exposure to movements primarily associated with agricultural commodity prices and to a lesser degree, foreign currency exchange rates and interest rates. Except for certain interest rate swap contracts, which are accounted for as cash flow hedges or fair value hedges, our derivative instruments represent economic hedges of price risk for which hedge accounting under Accounting Standards Codification ("ASC") Topic 815, Derivatives and Hedging, is not applied. Rather, the derivative instruments are recorded on our Consolidated Balance Sheets at fair value with changes in fair value being recorded directly to earnings, primarily within cost of goods sold in our Consolidated Statements of Operations. See Note 13, Derivative Financial Instruments and Hedging Activities and Note 14, Fair Value Measurements for additional information.
Although we have certain netting arrangements for our exchange-traded futures and options contracts and certain over-the-counter ("OTC") contracts, we have elected to report our derivative instruments on a gross basis on our Consolidated Balance Sheets under ASC Topic 210-20, Balance Sheet - Offsetting.
Margin and Related Deposits
Many of our derivative contracts with futures and options brokers require us to make margin deposits of cash or other assets. Subsequent margin deposits may also be necessary when changes in commodity prices result in a loss on the contract value, to comply with applicable regulations. Our margin and related deposit assets are held by external brokers in segregated accounts to support the associated derivative contracts and may be used to fund or partially fund the settlement of those contracts as they expire. Similar to our derivative financial instruments, margin and related deposits are also reported on a gross basis.
Supplier Advance Payments and Rebates
Supplier advance payments are typically for periods less than 12 months and primarily include amounts paid for grain purchases from suppliers and amounts paid to crop nutrient suppliers to lock in future supply and pricing.
We receive volume-based rebates from certain vendors during the year. These vendor rebates are accounted for in accordance with ASC 605, Revenue Recognition, based on the terms of the volume rebate program. For those rebates which meet the definition of a binding arrangement and are both probable and estimable, we estimate the amount of the rebate we will receive and accrue it as a reduction of the cost of inventory over the period in which the rebate is earned.
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Investments
The equity method of accounting is used for joint ventures and other investments in which we are able to exercise significant influence over the entity’s operations, but do not have a controlling interest in the entity. Various factors are considered when assessing significant influence, including our ownership interest, representation on the Board of Directors, voting rights, and the impact of commercial arrangements that may exist with the entity. Our equity in the income or loss of these equity method investments is recorded within equity (income) loss from investments in the Consolidated Statements of Operations. We account for our investment in CF Nitrogen, LLC using the hypothetical liquidation at book value method which is discussed further in Note 5, Investments.
The cost method of accounting is used for other investments in which we do not exercise significant influence. Investments in other cooperatives are stated at cost, plus patronage dividends received in the form of capital stock and other equities. Patronage dividends are recorded as a reduction to cost of goods sold at the time qualified written notices of allocation are received.
Investments in other debt and equity securities are classified as available-for-sale financial instruments and are stated at fair value, with unrealized gains and losses included as a component of accumulated other comprehensive loss on our Consolidated Balance Sheets. Investments in debt and equity instruments are carried at amounts that approximate fair values.
Property, Plant and Equipment
Property, plant and equipment are stated at cost less accumulated depreciation and amortization. Depreciation and amortization are provided on the straight-line method by charges to operations at rates based on the expected useful lives of individual or groups of assets (generally 15 to 20 years for land improvements; 20 to 40 years for buildings; 5 to 20 years for machinery and equipment; and 3 to 10 years for office equipment and other). Expenditures for maintenance and minor repairs and renewals are expensed, while the costs for major maintenance activities are capitalized and amortized on a straight-line basis over the period estimated to lapse until the next major maintenance activity occurs. We also capitalize and amortize eligible costs to acquire or develop internal-use software that are incurred during the application development stage. When assets are sold or otherwise disposed of, the cost and related accumulated depreciation and amortization are removed from the related accounts and resulting gains or losses are reflected in operations.
Property, plant and equipment and other long-lived assets are reviewed for impairment when events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amounts may not be recoverable. This evaluation of recoverability is based on various indicators, including the nature, future economic benefits and geographic locations of the assets, historical or future profitability measures, and other external market conditions. If these indicators suggest that the carrying amounts of an asset or asset group may not be recoverable, potential impairment is evaluated using undiscounted estimated future cash flows. Should the sum of the expected future net cash flows be less than the carrying value, an impairment loss would be recognized. An impairment loss would be measured at the amount by which the carrying value of the asset or asset group exceeds its fair value.
We have asset retirement obligations with respect to certain of our refineries and other assets due to various legal obligations to clean and/or dispose of the component parts at the time they are retired. In most cases, these assets can be used for extended and indeterminate periods of time if they are properly maintained and/or upgraded. It is our practice and current intent to maintain refineries and related assets and to continue making improvements to those assets based on technological advances. As a result, we believe our refineries and related assets have indeterminate lives for purposes of estimating asset retirement obligations because dates or ranges of dates upon which we would retire a refinery and related assets cannot reasonably be estimated at this time. When a date or range of dates can reasonably be estimated for the retirement of any component part of a refinery or other asset, we estimate the cost of performing the retirement activities and record a liability for the fair value of that future cost.
We have other assets that we may be obligated to dismantle at the end of corresponding lease terms subject to lessor discretion for which we have recorded asset retirement obligations. Based on our estimates of the timing, cost and probability of removal, these obligations are not material.
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Major Maintenance Activities
Within our Energy segment, major maintenance activities (“turnarounds”) are performed at our Laurel, Montana and McPherson, Kansas refineries regularly. Turnarounds are the planned and required shutdowns of refinery processing units, which include the replacement or overhaul of equipment that have experienced decreased efficiency in resource conversion. Because turnarounds are performed to extend the life, increase the capacity, and/or improve the safety or efficiency of refinery processing assets, we follow the deferral method of accounting for turnarounds. Expenditures for turnarounds are capitalized (deferred) when incurred and amortized on a straight-line basis over a period of 2 to 4 years, which is the estimated time lapse between turnarounds. Should the estimated period between turnarounds change, we may be required to amortize the remaining cost of the turnaround over a shorter period, which would result in higher depreciation and amortization costs. Capitalized turnaround costs are included in other assets (long-term) on our Consolidated Balance Sheets and amortization expense related to the capitalized turnaround costs is included in cost of goods sold in our Consolidated Statements of Operations.
The selection of the deferral method, as opposed to expensing the turnaround costs when incurred, results in deferring recognition of the turnaround expenditures. The deferral method also results in the classification of the related cash outflows as investing activities in our Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows, whereas expensing these costs as incurred would result in classifying the cash outflows as operating activities. Repair, maintenance and related labor costs are expensed as incurred and are included in operating cash flows.
Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets
Goodwill and other intangible assets are included in other assets (long-term) on our Consolidated Balance Sheets. Goodwill represents the excess of cost over the fair value of identifiable assets acquired. Goodwill is tested for impairment on an annual basis as of July 31, or more frequently if triggering events or other circumstances occur which could indicate impairment. Goodwill is tested for impairment at the reporting unit level, which has been determined to be our operating segments or one level below our operating segments in certain instances.
Other intangible assets consist primarily of customer lists, trademarks and non-compete agreements. Intangible assets subject to amortization are expensed over their respective useful lives, which generally range from 2 to 30 years. We have no material intangible assets with indefinite useful lives. See Note 7, Other Assets for more information on goodwill and other intangible assets.
Revenue Recognition
We provide a wide variety of products and services, ranging from agricultural inputs such as fuels, farm supplies and crop nutrients, to agricultural outputs that include grain and oilseed, processed grains and oilseeds and food products, and ethanol production and marketing. We recognize revenue when persuasive evidence of an arrangement exists, delivery has occurred, the sales price is fixed or determinable, and collectability is reasonably assured. Sales are generally recognized upon transfer of title, which could occur either upon shipment to or receipt by the customer, depending upon the terms of the transaction. Shipping and handling amounts billed to a customer as part of a sales transaction are included in revenues, and the related costs are included in cost of goods sold.
Environmental Expenditures
We are subject to various federal, state, and local environmental laws and regulations. Environmental expenditures are expensed or capitalized depending on their future economic benefit. Liabilities, including legal costs, related to remediation of contaminated properties are recognized when the related costs are considered probable and can be reasonably estimated. Estimates of environmental costs are based on current available facts, existing technology, undiscounted site-specific costs and currently enacted laws and regulations. Recoveries, if any, are recorded in the period in which recovery is received. Liabilities are monitored and adjusted as new facts or changes in law or technology occur.
Income Taxes
CHS is a nonexempt agricultural cooperative and files a consolidated federal income tax return within our tax return period. We are subject to tax on income from nonpatronage sources, non-qualified patronage distributions and undistributed patronage-sourced income. Income tax expense is primarily the current tax payable for the period and the change during the period in certain deferred tax assets and liabilities. Deferred income taxes reflect the impact of temporary differences between the amounts of assets and liabilities recognized for financial reporting purposes and such amounts recognized for federal and
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state income tax purposes, based on enacted tax laws and statutory tax rates applicable to the periods in which the differences are expected to affect taxable income. Valuation allowances are established, when necessary, to reduce deferred tax assets to the amount expected to be realized. Reserves are recorded against unrecognized tax benefits when we believe that certain fully supportable tax return positions are likely to be challenged and that we may or may not prevail. If we determine that a tax position is more likely than not to be sustained upon audit, based on the technical merits of the position, we recognize the benefit by measuring the amount that is greater than 50% likely of being realized. We reevaluate the technical merits of our tax positions and recognize an uncertain tax benefit, or derecognize a previously recorded tax benefit, when there is (i) a completion of a tax audit, (ii) effective settlement of an issue, (iii) a change in applicable tax law including a tax case or legislative guidance, or (iv) the expiration of the applicable statute of limitations. Significant judgment is required in accounting for tax reserves.
Recent Accounting Pronouncements
Adopted
In March 2018, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (the "FASB") issued Accounting Standards Update ("ASU") No. 2018-05, Income Taxes (Topic 740) - Amendments to SEC Paragraphs Pursuant to SEC Staff Accounting Bulletin No. 118. This ASU provides guidance on the income tax accounting implications of the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act of 2017 (the "Tax Act") and allows for entities to report provisional amounts for specific income tax effects of the Tax Act for which the accounting under ASC Topic 740 was not yet complete, but a reasonable estimate could be determined. A measurement period of one year is available to complete the accounting effects under ASC Topic 740 and revise any previous estimates reported. Any provisional amounts or subsequent adjustments included in an entity’s financial statements during the measurement period should be included in income from continuing operations as an adjustment to tax expense in the reporting period the amounts are determined. As of August 31, 2018, we have not finalized our work associated with the income tax effects of the enactment of the Tax Act, however, a reasonable estimate was provisionally recorded as a net benefit of $155.2 million from the revaluation of our U.S. net deferred tax liability that resulted from the reduced corporate tax rate and CHS being subject to the employee compensation deduction limitations imposed by Internal Revenue Code Section 162(m).
In February 2018, the FASB issued ASU No. 2018-02, Income Statement - Reporting Comprehensive Income (Topic 220). Under existing U.S. GAAP, the effects of changes in tax rates and laws on deferred tax balances are recorded as a component of income tax expense in the period in which the law was enacted. When deferred tax balances related to items originally recorded in accumulated other comprehensive income are adjusted, certain tax effects become stranded in accumulated other comprehensive income. The amendments in ASU 2018-02 allow a reclassification from accumulated other comprehensive income to retained earnings for stranded tax effects resulting from the Tax Act. The amendments in this ASU also require certain disclosures about stranded tax effects. This ASU is effective for us beginning September 1, 2019, for our fiscal year 2020 and for interim periods within that fiscal year. Early adoption in any period is permitted. The Company’s provisional adjustments recorded to account for the impact of the Tax Act resulted in stranded tax effects. We elected to early adopt ASU No. 2018-02 during the fourth quarter of fiscal 2018. The adoption resulted in a reclassification from accumulated other comprehensive income to retained earnings in the amount of $27.0 million for stranded tax effects resulting from the Tax Act.
In August 2017, the FASB issued ASU No. 2017-12, Derivatives and Hedging (Topic 815): Targeted Improvements to Accounting for Hedging Activities. This ASU is intended to improve the financial reporting of hedging relationships to better represent the economic results of an entity’s risk management activities in its financial statements and make certain improvements to simplify the application of the hedge accounting guidance. The amendments in this ASU will make more financial and nonfinancial hedging strategies eligible for hedge accounting, amend the presentation and disclosure requirements and change how entities assess effectiveness. Entities are required to apply this ASU's provisions as a cumulative-effect adjustment to retained earnings as of the beginning of the first reporting period in which the guidance is adopted. This ASU is effective for us beginning September 1, 2019, for our fiscal year 2020 and for interim periods within that fiscal year. We elected to early adopt ASU No. 2017-12 during the fourth quarter of fiscal 2018. The adoption did not have a material impact on our consolidated financial statements.
In October 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-16, Income Taxes - Intra-Entity Transfers of Assets Other Than Inventory (Topic 740). This ASU is intended to improve the accounting for the income tax consequences of intra-entity transfers of assets other than inventory by requiring an entity to recognize the income tax consequences when a transfer occurs, instead of when an asset is sold to an outside party. This ASU is effective for periods beginning after December 15, 2017; however, early adoption of this ASU is permitted during the first interim period if an entity issues interim financial statements. The amendments in this ASU should be applied on a modified retrospective basis through a cumulative-effect adjustment
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directly to retained earnings as of the beginning of the period of adoption. We elected to early adopt ASU No. 2016-16 during the first quarter of fiscal 2018. The adoption did not have a material impact on our consolidated financial statements.
Not Yet Adopted
In August 2018, the FASB issued ASU No. 2018-14, Disclosure Framework - Changes to the Disclosure Requirements for Defined Benefit Plans, which amends ASC 715-20, Compensation - Retirement Benefits - Defined Benefit Plans - General. This ASU modifies the disclosure requirements for employers that sponsor defined benefit pension or other postretirement plans by removing and adding certain disclosures for these plans. The eliminated disclosures include (a) the amounts in accumulated other comprehensive income expected to be recognized in net periodic benefit costs over the next fiscal year and (b) the effects of a one-percentage-point change in assumed health care cost trend rates on the net periodic benefit costs and the benefit obligation for postretirement health care benefits. The new disclosures include the interest crediting rates for cash balance plans and an explanation of significant gains and losses related to changes in benefit obligations. This ASU is effective for us beginning September 1, 2021, for our fiscal year 2022 and for interim periods within that fiscal year, with early adoption permitted. The adoption of this amended guidance in not expected to have a material impact on our consolidated financial statements.
In August 2018, the FASB issued ASU No. 2018-13, Disclosure Framework - Changes to the Disclosure Requirements for Fair Value Measurement, which amends ASC 820, Fair Value Measurement. This ASU modifies the disclosure requirements for fair value measurements by removing, modifying and adding certain disclosures. Specifically, the guidance removes the requirement to disclose the amount and reasons for any transfers between Level 1 and Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy and removes the requirement to disclose a description of the valuation processes used to value Level 3 fair value measurements. The guidance also requires additional disclosures surrounding Level 3 changes in unrealized gains/losses included in other comprehensive income as well the range and weighted average significant unobservable inputs calculation. This ASU is effective for us beginning September 1, 2020, for our fiscal year 2021 and for interim periods within that fiscal year. Early adoption is permitted. We elected to remove the disclosures permitted by ASU No. 2018-13 during the fourth quarter of fiscal 2018 but have not early adopted the new required additional disclosures, which is permitted by the guidance. The adoption of this amended guidance is not expected to have a material impact on our consolidated financial statements.
In March 2017, the FASB issued ASU No. 2017-07, Compensation - Retirement Benefits (Topic 715): Improving the Presentation of Net Periodic Pension Costs and Net Postretirement Benefit Cost. This ASU changes the presentation of net periodic pension cost and net periodic postretirement benefit cost in the Consolidated Statements of Operations. This ASU provides that the service cost component should be included in the same income statement line item as other compensation costs arising from services rendered by the employees during the period. The other components of net periodic benefit cost should be presented in the Consolidated Statements of Operations separately outside of operating income if that subtotal is presented. Additionally, only service cost may be capitalized in assets. This ASU is effective for us beginning September 1, 2018, for our fiscal year 2019 and for interim periods within that fiscal year. Early adoption is permitted as of the beginning of an annual period for which interim financial statements have not been issued or made available for issuance. The guidance on the presentation of the components of net periodic benefit cost in the Consolidated Statement of Operations should be applied retrospectively and the guidance regarding the capitalization of the service cost component in assets should be applied prospectively. The adoption of this amended guidance is not expected to have a material impact on our consolidated financial statements.
In January 2017, the FASB issued ASU No. 2017-01, Business Combinations (Topic 805): Clarifying the Definition of a Business. The amendments within this ASU narrow the existing definition of a business and provide a more robust framework for evaluating whether a transaction should be accounted for as an acquisition (or disposal) of assets or a business. The definition of a business impacts various areas of accounting, including acquisitions, disposals and goodwill. Under the new guidance, fewer acquisitions are expected to be considered businesses. This ASU is effective for us beginning September 1, 2018, for our fiscal year 2019 and for interim periods within that fiscal year. Early adoption is permitted, and the guidance should be applied prospectively to transactions following the adoption date. The adoption of this amended guidance is not expected to have a material impact on our consolidated financial statements.
In November 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-18, Statement of Cash Flows (Topic 230): Restricted Cash. This ASU is intended to reduce diversity in practice by adding or clarifying guidance on classification and presentation of changes in restricted cash on the Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows. This ASU is effective for us beginning September 1, 2018, for our fiscal year 2019 and for interim periods within that fiscal year. Early adoption is permitted, including in an interim period. The amendments in this ASU should be applied retrospectively to all periods presented. The adoption of this amended guidance is not expected to have a material impact on our Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows.
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In August 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-15, Statement of Cash Flows (Topic 230): Classification of Certain Cash Receipts and Cash Payments. This ASU is intended to reduce existing diversity in practice in how certain cash receipts and payments are presented and classified in the Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows. This ASU is effective for us beginning September 1, 2018, for our fiscal year 2019 and for interim periods within that fiscal year. The adoption of this amended guidance is not expected to have a material impact on our Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows.
In June 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-13, Financial Instruments - Credit Losses (Topic 326): Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments. The amendments in this ASU introduce a new approach, based on expected losses, to estimate credit losses on certain types of financial instruments. This ASU is intended to provide financial statement users with more decision-useful information about the expected credit losses associated with most financial assets measured at amortized cost and certain other instruments, including trade and other receivables, loans, held-to-maturity debt securities, net investments in leases, and off-balance-sheet credit exposures. Entities are required to apply this ASU’s provisions as a cumulative-effect adjustment to retained earnings as of the beginning of the first reporting period in which the guidance is adopted. This ASU is effective for us beginning September 1, 2020, for our fiscal year 2021 and for interim periods within that fiscal year. We are currently evaluating the impact the adoption will have on our consolidated financial statements.
In February 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-02, Leases (Topic 842), which replaces the existing guidance in ASC 840 - Leases. The amendments within this ASU, as well as within additional clarifying ASUs issued by the FASB,
introduce a lessee model requiring entities to recognize assets and liabilities for most leases, but continue recognizing the associated expenses in a manner similar to existing accounting guidance. In July 2018, the FASB issued ASU No. 2018-10, Codification Improvements to Topic 842, Leases, which amends ASU No. 2016-02, Leases. This ASU is effective for us beginning September 1, 2019, for our fiscal year 2020 and for interim periods within that fiscal year. We have initiated our assessment of the new lease standard, including the utilization of surveys to gather more information about existing leases and the implementation of a new lease software to improve the collection, maintenance, and aggregation of lease data necessary for the expanded reporting and disclosure requirements under the new lease standard. It is expected that the primary impact upon adoption will be the recognition, on a discounted basis, of our minimum commitments under noncancelable operating leases as right of use assets and liabilities on our Consolidated Balance Sheets. This will result in a significant increase in assets and liabilities recorded on our Consolidated Balance Sheets. Although we expect the new lease guidance to have a material impact on our Consolidated Balance Sheets, we are continuing to evaluate the practical expedient guidance provisions available and the extent of potential impacts on our consolidated financial statements, processes, and internal controls.
In May 2014, the FASB issued ASU No. 2014-09, Revenue from Contracts with Customers. The amendments within this ASU, as well as within additional clarifying ASUs issued by the FASB, provide a single comprehensive model to be used in the accounting for revenue arising from contracts with customers and supersedes most current revenue recognition guidance, including industry-specific guidance. The new revenue recognition guidance includes a five-step model for the recognition of revenue, including (1) identifying the contract with a customer, (2) identifying the performance obligations in the contract, (3) determining the transaction price, (4) allocating the transaction price to the performance obligations, and (5) recognizing revenue when (or as) an entity satisfies a performance obligation. The adoption of the new revenue recognition guidance will require expanded disclosures in our consolidated financial statements including quantitative disclosure of revenues that fall within and outside the scope of the new revenue recognition guidance. Certain revenue streams are expected to fall within the scope of the new revenue recognition guidance; however, a substantial portion of our revenue falls outside the scope of the new revenue recognition guidance and will continue to follow existing guidance, primarily ASC 815, Derivatives and Hedging. We have completed an initial assessment of our revenue streams and do not believe that the new revenue recognition guidance will have a material impact on our consolidated financial statements. We will adopt ASU No. 2014-09 and the related ASUs using the modified retrospective method on September 1, 2018, in the first quarter of fiscal 2019.
Note 2 Restatement of Previously Issued Consolidated Financial Statements
The consolidated financial statements for the years ended August 31, 2017 and 2016, have been restated to reflect the correction of misstatements. We have also restated all amounts impacted within the Notes to the consolidated financial statements. A description of the adjustments and their impact on the previously issued financial statements are included below.
Descriptions of Restatement Adjustments
Restatement Background
During the preparation of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended August 31, 2018, we noted potentially excessive valuations in the net derivative asset valuations relating to certain rail freight contracts purchased in connection with our North American grain marketing operations. An investigation concluded that the rail freight misstatements included in our
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consolidated financial statements for the periods identified below were due to intentional misconduct by a former employee in our rail freight trading operations, as well as due to rail freight contracts and certain non-rail contracts not meeting the technical accounting requirements to qualify as a derivative financial instrument. The misconduct consisted of the former employee manipulating the mark-to-market valuation of rail cars that were the subject of rail freight purchase contracts and manipulating the quantity of rail cars included in the monthly mark-to-market valuation. In addition, the investigation revealed intentional misstatements were made by the former employee to our independent registered public accounting firm in connection with its audit of our consolidated financial statements for the fiscal year ended August 31, 2017. During the course of, and as a result of, the investigation, we terminated the former employee and have taken additional personnel actions.
As a result of the misstatements, we have restated our consolidated financial statements as of and for the year ended August 31, 2017, and for the year ended August 31, 2016, in accordance with ASC 250, Accounting Changes and Error Corrections (the "Restated Financial Statements"). In addition to the adjustments related to freight derivatives and related misstatements, we also made adjustments related to certain intercompany balances and other historical misstatements unrelated to the freight derivatives and related misstatements.
The restated interim financial information for the relevant unaudited interim financial statements for the quarterly periods ended November 30, 2017 and 2016, February 28, 2018 and 2017, May 31, 2018 and 2017, and August 31, 2017, is included in Note 18, Quarterly Financial Information (Unaudited).
The categories of restatement adjustments and their impact on previously reported consolidated financial statements are described below.
(a) Freight Derivatives and Related Misstatements - Corrections for freight derivatives and related misstatements were driven by the misstatement of amounts associated with both the value and quantity of rail freight contracts, as well as due to rail freight contracts and certain non-rail freight contracts not meeting the technical accounting requirements to qualify as derivative financial instruments. In addition to the elimination of the underlying freight derivative assets and liabilities and related impacts on revenues and cost of goods sold, additional adjustments were recorded to account for prepaid freight capacity balances in relevant periods and the impact of a goodwill impairment charge recorded as of May 31, 2015, for goodwill held within our grain marketing reporting unit. Additional details related to the impact of the freight derivatives and related misstatements and their impact on each period are discussed in restatement reference (a).
(b) Intercompany Misstatements - As a result of the work performed in relation to the freight misstatement, additional misstatements related to the incorrect elimination of intercompany balances were also identified and corrected within the consolidated financial statements. Certain of these intercompany misstatements resulted in a misstatement of various financial statement line items; however, the intercompany misstatements did not result in a material misstatement of income (loss) before income taxes or net income (loss). Additional details related to the impact of the intercompany misstatements and their impact on each period are discussed in restatement reference (b).
(c) Other Misstatements - We made adjustments for other previously identified misstatements unrelated to the freight derivatives and related misstatements that were not material, individually or in the aggregate, to our consolidated financial statements. These other misstatements related primarily to certain misclassifications, adjustments to revenues and cost of goods sold, and adjustments to various income tax and indirect tax accrual accounts. Additional details related to the impact of the other misstatements and their impact on each period are discussed in restatement reference (c).
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Summary impact of restatement adjustments to previously reported financial information
The following tables present the summary impacts of the restatement adjustments on our previously reported consolidated capital reserves and total equities at August 31, 2015, and income (loss) before income taxes and net income (loss) for the years ended August 31, 2017 and 2016:

| August 31, 2015
| Capital Reserves |  | Total Equities
| (Dollars in thousands)
As previously reported | $ | 1,604,670 |  |  | $ | 7,669,411 |
Cumulative restatement adjustments | (119,237 | ) |  | (117,972 | )
As restated | $ | 1,485,433 |  |  | $ | 7,551,439 |

| For the Years Ended August 31,
| 2017 |  | 2016
| (Dollars in thousands)
Income (loss) before income taxes - As previously reported | $ | (54,852 | ) |  | $ | 419,878 |
Restatement adjustments | (55,314 | ) |  | (17,753 | )
Income (loss) before income taxes - As restated | $ | (110,166 | ) |  | $ | 402,125 |
Net income (loss) - As previously reported | $ | 127,223 |  |  | $ | 423,969 |
Restatement adjustments | (56,265 | ) |  | (40,943 | )
Net income (loss) - As restated | $ | 70,958 |  |  | $ | 383,026 |

Reclassifications
Amounts previously included within (gain) loss on investments were reclassified into other (income) loss to conform to the current year presentation. This reclassification had no impact on our previously reported net income, cash flows or shareholders' equity and represents a reclassification of $4.6 million and $9.3 million for the periods ended August 31, 2017, and August 31, 2016, respectively.
Consolidated financial statement adjustment tables
The following tables present the restatement adjustments to previously issued consolidated financial statements, including the previously reported Consolidated Balance Sheet as of August 31, 2017, and the Consolidated Statements of Operations, Comprehensive Income and Cash Flows for the years ended August 31, 2017, and 2016. The corrections of misstatements affecting fiscal years prior to fiscal 2017 are reflected as a cumulative adjustment to the balance of capital reserves and accumulated other comprehensive income as of August 31, 2015, on the Consolidated Statements of Changes in Shareholders’ Equity.
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CHS INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS

| As of August 31, 2017 |  |
| As Previously Reported |  | Restatement Adjustments |  | As Restated |  | Restatement References
| (Dollars in thousands) |  |
ASSETS |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Current assets: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Cash and cash equivalents | $ | 181,379 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 181,379 |  |  |
Receivables | 1,869,632 |  |  | 22,536 |  |  | 1,892,168 |  |  | c
Inventories | 2,576,585 |  |  | 25,019 |  |  | 2,601,604 |  |  | c
Derivative assets | 232,017 |  |  | (13,275 | ) |  | 218,742 |  |  | a
Margin and related deposits | 206,062 |  |  | — |  |  | 206,062 |  |  |
Supplier advance payments | 249,234 |  |  | — |  |  | 249,234 |  |  |
Other current assets | 299,618 |  |  | (17,693 | ) |  | 281,925 |  |  | a, c
Total current assets | 5,614,527 |  |  | 16,587 |  |  | 5,631,114 |  |  |
Investments | 3,750,993 |  |  | — |  |  | 3,750,993 |  |  |
Property, plant and equipment | 5,356,434 |  |  | — |  |  | 5,356,434 |  |  |
Other assets | 1,251,802 |  |  | (171,421 | ) |  | 1,080,381 |  |  | a
Total assets | $ | 15,973,756 |  |  | $ | (154,834 | ) |  | $ | 15,818,922 |  |  |
LIABILITIES AND EQUITIES |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Current liabilities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Notes payable | $ | 1,988,215 |  |  | $ | (3,052 | ) |  | $ | 1,985,163 |  |  | c
Current portion of long-term debt | 156,345 |  |  | — |  |  | 156,345 |  |  |
Customer margin deposits and credit balances | 157,914 |  |  | — |  |  | 157,914 |  |  |
Customer advance payments | 413,163 |  |  | 10,607 |  |  | 423,770 |  |  | c
Accounts payable | 1,951,292 |  |  | 40,002 |  |  | 1,991,294 |  |  | c
Derivative liabilities | 316,018 |  |  | (15,072 | ) |  | 300,946 |  |  | a
Accrued expenses | 437,527 |  |  | 17,469 |  |  | 454,996 |  |  | a, c
Dividends and equities payable | 12,121 |  |  | — |  |  | 12,121 |  |  |
Total current liabilities | 5,432,595 |  |  | 49,954 |  |  | 5,482,549 |  |  |
Long-term debt | 2,023,448 |  |  | — |  |  | 2,023,448 |  |  |
Long-term deferred tax liabilities | 333,221 |  |  | (3,241 | ) |  | 329,980 |  |  | a, c
Other liabilities | 278,667 |  |  | (1,362 | ) |  | 277,305 |  |  | a
Commitments and contingencies (Note 15) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Equities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Preferred stock | 2,264,038 |  |  | — |  |  | 2,264,038 |  |  |
Equity certificates | 4,341,649 |  |  | — |  |  | 4,341,649 |  |  |
Accumulated other comprehensive loss | (183,670 | ) |  | 3,310 |  |  | (180,360 | ) |  | a, c
Capital reserves | 1,471,217 |  |  | (203,409 | ) |  | 1,267,808 |  |  | a, c
Total CHS Inc. equities | 7,893,234 |  |  | (200,099 | ) |  | 7,693,135 |  |  |
Noncontrolling interests | 12,591 |  |  | (86 | ) |  | 12,505 |  |  | a
Total equities | 7,905,825 |  |  | (200,185 | ) |  | 7,705,640 |  |  |
Total liabilities and equities | $ | 15,973,756 |  |  | $ | (154,834 | ) |  | $ | 15,818,922 |  |  |

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As of August 31, 2017
Freight derivatives and related misstatements
(a) The correction of freight derivatives and related misstatements resulted in a $174.1 million reduction of total assets, a $39.1 million reduction of current liabilities, a $27.5 million increase of long-term liabilities, and a $162.4 million reduction of total equities. The reduction of total assets related primarily to the elimination of $156.0 million of long-term derivative assets, an approximate $16.0 million reduction of goodwill which was triggered by the lower earnings associated with this restatement with the impairment charge recorded during fiscal 2015 and the elimination of $12.9 million of current derivative assets that had been recorded as assets on the Consolidated Balance Sheet. The decreases of total assets were partially offset by related adjustments, including an $8.9 million increase of prepaid income taxes resulting from the income tax impact of the freight misstatement and the recognition of a $1.5 million prepaid freight capacity balance. The decrease of total current liabilities related primarily to an $18.0 million reduction of current derivative liabilities and a $21.1 million reduction of income taxes payable resulting from the income tax effect of the freight misstatement. The increase of long-term liabilities resulted from a $28.9 million increase of long-term deferred tax liabilities, which was partially offset by a $1.4 million reduction of long-term derivative liabilities. The decrease of total equities related primarily to the elimination of the derivative assets and liabilities described above and the related income tax impacts, as well as the reduction of goodwill associated with the goodwill impairment charge recorded during fiscal 2015.
Intercompany misstatements
(b) None
Other misstatements
(c) Adjustments for other misstatements related primarily to misclassifications between line items included within the Consolidated Balance Sheets, as well as the impact of certain income tax adjustments on prepaid income taxes, income taxes payable and deferred income taxes. The misclassification adjustments arose primarily due to the application of differing accounting policies between businesses and collectively with the impact of income tax adjustments resulted in a $19.3 million increase of total assets, an $89.1 million increase of current liabilities, a $32.1 million decrease of long-term liabilities and a $37.7 million decrease of total equities.
The increase of total assets related primarily to a $49.2 million increase of inventory with a corresponding increase to accounts payable that resulted from a misclassification adjustment for certain items previously included within a contra-inventory account to accounts payable. The increased inventories were partially offset by a $24.1 million misclassification adjustment to decrease inventory and increase accounts receivable as a result of a timing difference related to the settlement of a single ocean vessel. The increase of total assets was partially offset by a $28.1 million decrease of prepaid income taxes associated with the correction of other misstatements identified during fiscal 2017 and other periods.
The increase of current liabilities related primarily to the $49.2 million increase of accounts payable as a result of a misclassification adjustment for certain items previously included within a contra-inventory account to accounts payable and a $38.6 million increase of accrued expenses. The increase of accrued expenses primarily resulted from the recognition of a $24.9 million accrued income tax balance associated with the correction of other misstatements identified during fiscal 2017 and other periods. Additionally, $13.7 million of accrued expenses were recorded in relation to the use of a unit of measure assumption in the calculation of an excise tax credit that was changed during fiscal 2018. The decrease of long-term liabilities related to a $32.1 million decrease of long-term deferred tax liabilities that arose from the correction of other misstatements identified during fiscal 2017 and other periods.
The $37.7 million decrease of total equities was primarily related to the $20.6 million net impact on income tax accounts and the recognition of $13.7 million of additional accrued expenses due to the use of a unit of measure assumption in the calculation of an excise tax credit that was changed during fiscal 2018.
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CHS INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS

| For the Year Ended August 31, 2017 |  | For the Year Ended August 31, 2016 |  |
| As Previously Reported |  | Restatement Adjustments |  | As Restated |  | As Previously Reported |  | Restatement Adjustments |  | As Restated |  | Restatement References
| (Dollars in thousands) |  |
Revenues | $ | 31,934,751 |  |  | $ | 102,675 |  |  | $ | 32,037,426 |  |  | $ | 30,347,203 |  |  | $ | 8,057 |  |  | $ | 30,355,260 |  |  | a, b, c
Cost of goods sold | 30,985,510 |  |  | 157,256 |  |  | 31,142,766 |  |  | 29,387,910 |  |  | (1,395 | ) |  | 29,386,515 |  |  | a, b, c
Gross profit | 949,241 |  |  | (54,581 | ) |  | 894,660 |  |  | 959,293 |  |  | 9,452 |  |  | 968,745 |  |  |
Marketing, general and administrative | 604,359 |  |  | 7,648 |  |  | 612,007 |  |  | 601,261 |  |  | 5 |  |  | 601,266 |  |  | c
Reserve and impairment charges (recoveries), net | 456,679 |  |  | — |  |  | 456,679 |  |  | 47,836 |  |  | 27,200 |  |  | 75,036 |  |  | c
Operating earnings (loss) | (111,797 | ) |  | (62,229 | ) |  | (174,026 | ) |  | 310,196 |  |  | (17,753 | ) |  | 292,443 |  |  |
(Gain) loss on disposal of business | — |  |  | 2,190 |  |  | 2,190 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | c
Interest expense | 171,239 |  |  | — |  |  | 171,239 |  |  | 113,704 |  |  | — |  |  | 113,704 |  |  |
Other (income) loss | (90,846 | ) |  | (9,105 | ) |  | (99,951 | ) |  | (47,609 | ) |  | — |  |  | (47,609 | ) |  | c
Equity (income) loss from investments | (137,338 | ) |  | — |  |  | (137,338 | ) |  | (175,777 | ) |  | — |  |  | (175,777 | ) |  |
Income (loss) before income taxes | (54,852 | ) |  | (55,314 | ) |  | (110,166 | ) |  | 419,878 |  |  | (17,753 | ) |  | 402,125 |  |  |
Income tax expense (benefit) | (182,075 | ) |  | 951 |  |  | (181,124 | ) |  | (4,091 | ) |  | 23,190 |  |  | 19,099 |  |  | a, c
Net income (loss) | 127,223 |  |  | (56,265 | ) |  | 70,958 |  |  | 423,969 |  |  | (40,943 | ) |  | 383,026 |  |  |
Net income (loss) attributable to noncontrolling interests | (634 | ) |  | — |  |  | (634 | ) |  | (223 | ) |  | — |  |  | (223 | ) |  |
Net income (loss) attributable to CHS Inc. | $ | 127,857 |  |  | $ | (56,265 | ) |  | $ | 71,592 |  |  | $ | 424,192 |  |  | $ | (40,943 | ) |  | $ | 383,249 |  |  |

For the year ended August 31, 2017
Freight derivatives and related misstatements
(a) The correction of freight derivatives and related misstatements resulted in a $38.1 million reduction of income before income taxes and a $47.3 million reduction of net income. These adjustments related primarily to a $38.1 million increase of cost of goods sold and a $9.2 million increase of income tax expense resulting from the tax effect of the freight derivatives and related misstatements.
Intercompany misstatements
(b) The correction of intercompany misstatements had no impact on income (loss) before income taxes or net income (loss); however, the correction resulted in a $35.7 million decrease of both revenues and cost of goods sold due to different practices of eliminating intercompany sales between CHS's businesses which existed in previous periods.
Other misstatements
(c) The correction of other misstatements resulted in a $17.2 million decrease of income before income taxes and a $9.0 million decrease of net income. The $17.2 million decrease of income before income taxes related to a $12.1 million increase of cost of goods sold due to the use of a unit of measure assumption in the calculation of an excise tax credit that was changed during fiscal 2018, a $2.6 million combined increase in cost of goods sold and marketing, general and administrative expenses for postretirement benefit plan activity that resulted from a timing difference associated with recording certain benefit plan expenses and a $2.5 million increase of costs of goods sold related to the valuation of crack spread derivatives. An income tax benefit of $8.2 million partially offset the decrease of income before income taxes and was recorded to adjust for the impact of other identified misstatements, as well as income tax items that had previously been identified and recorded as out of period adjustments in subsequent periods.
Additionally, certain misclassification and offsetting adjustments were made between line items included in the Consolidated Statements of Operations primarily due to the application of differing accounting policies between
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businesses. These misclassification adjustments resulted in a $138.4 million increase of revenues, a $138.3 million increase of cost of goods sold, a $7.0 million increase of marketing, general and administrative expenses, a $2.2 million increase of loss on disposal of business and a $9.1 million increase of other income.
For the year ended August 31, 2016
Freight derivatives and related misstatements
(a) The correction of freight derivatives and related misstatements resulted in a $15.7 million reduction of income before income taxes and a $9.9 million reduction of net income. These adjustments related to a $15.7 million increase of cost of goods sold and a $5.8 million income tax benefit resulting from the tax effect of the freight derivatives and related misstatements.
Intercompany misstatements
(b) The correction of intercompany misstatements had no impact on income (loss) before income taxes or net income (loss); however, the correction resulted in a $57.5 million decrease of both revenues and cost of goods sold due to different practices of eliminating intercompany sales between CHS's businesses which existed in previous periods.
Other misstatements
The correction of other misstatements resulted in a $2.1 million decrease of income before income taxes and a $31.0 million decrease of net income. The $2.1 million decrease of income before income taxes related to a $1.7 million increase of cost of goods sold due to the use of a unit of measure assumption in the calculation of an excise tax credit that was changed during fiscal 2018 and a $0.4 million increase of costs of goods sold related to the valuation of crack spread derivatives. In addition to the decrease of income before income taxes, additional income tax expense of $29.0 million was recorded to adjust for the impact of other identified misstatements, as well as income tax items that had previously been identified and recorded as out of period adjustments in subsequent periods.
Additionally, misclassification and offsetting adjustments were made between line items included in the Consolidated Statements of Operations primarily due to the application of differing accounting policies between businesses between businesses. These adjustments resulted in a $65.6 million increase of revenues, a $38.4 million increase of cost of goods sold and a $27.2 million increase of reserve and impairment charges (recoveries), net.
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CHS INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME

| For the Year Ended August 31, 2017 |  | For the Year Ended August 31, 2016 |  |
| As Previously Reported |  | Restatement Adjustments |  | As Restated |  | As Previously Reported |  | Restatement Adjustments |  | As Restated |  | Restatement References
| (Dollars in thousands) |  |
Net income (loss) | $ | 127,223 |  |  | $ | (56,265 | ) |  | $ | 70,958 |  |  | $ | 423,969 |  |  | $ | (40,943 | ) |  | $ | 383,026 |  |  | a, b, c
Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Postretirement benefit plan activity | 30,100 |  |  | 2,602 |  |  | 32,702 |  |  | 6,583 |  |  | — |  |  | 6,583 |  |  | c
Unrealized net gain (loss) on available for sale investments | 4,385 |  |  | — |  |  | 4,385 |  |  | 1,500 |  |  | — |  |  | 1,500 |  |  |
Cash flow hedges | 2,242 |  |  | — |  |  | 2,242 |  |  | (3,872 | ) |  | — |  |  | (3,872 | ) |  |
Foreign currency translation adjustment | (8,671 | ) |  | 512 |  |  | (8,159 | ) |  | (1,730 | ) |  | (1,174 | ) |  | (2,904 | ) |  | a
Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax | 28,056 |  |  | 3,114 |  |  | 31,170 |  |  | 2,481 |  |  | (1,174 | ) |  | 1,307 |  |  |
Comprehensive income | 155,279 |  |  | (53,151 | ) |  | 102,128 |  |  | 426,450 |  |  | (42,117 | ) |  | 384,333 |  |  |
Less comprehensive income attributable to noncontrolling interests | (634 | ) |  | — |  |  | (634 | ) |  | (223 | ) |  | — |  |  | (223 | ) |  |
Comprehensive income attributable to CHS Inc. | $ | 155,913 |  |  | $ | (53,151 | ) |  | $ | 102,762 |  |  | $ | 426,673 |  |  | $ | (42,117 | ) |  | $ | 384,556 |  |  |

For the year ended August 31, 2017
Freight derivatives and related misstatements
(a) The correction of freight derivatives and related misstatements resulted in a $47.3 million reduction of net income. Refer to descriptions of the adjustments and their impact on net income (loss) in the Consolidated Statement of Operations section for the year ended August 31, 2017, above. The adjustment related to foreign currency translation relates to the foreign currency impact associated with goodwill that was impaired during fiscal 2015.
Intercompany misstatements
(b) None
Other misstatements
(c) The correction of other misstatements resulted in a $9.0 million decrease of net income. Refer to descriptions of the adjustments and their impact on net income (loss) in the Consolidated Statement of Operations section for the year ended August 31, 2017, above. The adjustment related to postretirement benefit plan activity relates to a timing difference associated with recording certain benefit plan expenses.
For the year ended August 31, 2016
Freight derivatives and related misstatements
(a) The correction of freight derivatives and related misstatements resulted in a $9.9 million reduction of net income. Refer to descriptions of the adjustments and their impact on net income (loss) in the Consolidated Statement of Operations section for the year ended August 31, 2016, above. The adjustment related to foreign currency translation relates to the foreign currency impact associated with goodwill that was impaired during fiscal 2015.
Intercompany misstatements
(b) None
Other misstatements
(c) The correction of other misstatements resulted in a $31.0 million decrease of net income. Refer to descriptions of the adjustments and their impact on net income (loss) in the Consolidated Statement of Operations section for the year ended August 31, 2016, above.
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CHS INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN EQUITIES

| For the Years Ended August 31, 2017, 2016, and 2015
| Equity Certificates |  |  |  | Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss |  |  |  |  |  |
| Capital Equity Certificates |  | Nonpatronage Equity Certificates |  | Nonqualified Equity Certificates |  | Preferred Stock |  |  | Capital Reserves |  | Noncontrolling Interests |  | Total Equities
| (Dollars in thousands)
Balances, August 31, 2015 (As previously reported) | $ | 3,793,897 |  |  | $ | 23,057 |  |  | $ | 282,928 |  |  | $ | 2,167,540 |  |  | $ | (214,207 | ) |  | $ | 1,604,670 |  |  | $ | 11,526 |  |  | $ | 7,669,411 |
Cumulative restatement adjustments | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 1,370 |  |  | (119,237 | ) |  | (105 | ) |  | (117,972 | )
Balances, August 31, 2015 (As restated) | $ | 3,793,897 |  |  | $ | 23,057 |  |  | $ | 282,928 |  |  | $ | 2,167,540 |  |  | $ | (212,837 | ) |  | $ | 1,485,433 |  |  | $ | 11,421 |  |  | $ | 7,551,439 |
Balances, August 31, 2016 (As previously reported) | $ | 3,932,513 |  |  | $ | 22,894 |  |  | $ | 281,767 |  |  | $ | 2,244,132 |  |  | $ | (211,726 | ) |  | $ | 1,582,380 |  |  | $ | 14,290 |  |  | $ | 7,866,250 |
Cumulative restatement adjustments | (13,802 | ) |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 196 |  |  | (93,381 | ) |  | (104 | ) |  | (107,091 | )
Balances, August 31, 2016 (As restated) | $ | 3,918,711 |  |  | $ | 22,894 |  |  | $ | 281,767 |  |  | $ | 2,244,132 |  |  | $ | (211,530 | ) |  | $ | 1,488,999 |  |  | $ | 14,186 |  |  | $ | 7,759,159 |
Balances, August 31, 2017 (As previously reported) | $ | 3,906,426 |  |  | $ | 29,836 |  |  | $ | 405,387 |  |  | $ | 2,264,038 |  |  | $ | (183,670 | ) |  | $ | 1,471,217 |  |  | $ | 12,591 |  |  | $ | 7,905,825 |
Cumulative restatement adjustments | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 3,310 |  |  | (203,409 | ) |  | (86 | ) |  | (200,185 | )
Balances, August 31, 2017 (As restated) | $ | 3,906,426 |  |  | $ | 29,836 |  |  | $ | 405,387 |  |  | $ | 2,264,038 |  |  | $ | (180,360 | ) |  | $ | 1,267,808 |  |  | $ | 12,505 |  |  | $ | 7,705,640 |

As of August 31, 2017, 2016, and 2015
The decrease of total equities for each restated period was driven primarily by the elimination of derivative assets and liabilities associated with the freight derivatives and related misstatements. Adjustments for the freight derivatives and related misstatements resulted in a $162.4 million reduction of total equities as of August 31, 2017, a $115.7 million reduction of total equities as of August 31, 2016, and a $104.6 million reduction of total equities as of August 31, 2015.
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CHS INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS

| For the Year Ended August 31, 2017 |  |
| As Previously Reported |  | Restatement Adjustments |  | As Restated |  | Restatement References
| (Dollars in thousands) |  |
Cash flows from operating activities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Net income (loss) | $ | 127,223 |  |  | $ | (56,265 | ) |  | $ | 70,958 |  |  | a, b, c
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by (used in) operating activities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Depreciation and amortization | 480,223 |  |  | — |  |  | 480,223 |  |  |
Amortization of deferred major repair costs | 67,058 |  |  | — |  |  | 67,058 |  |  |
Equity (income) loss from investments | (137,338 | ) |  | — |  |  | (137,338 | ) |  |
Distributions from equity investments | 213,352 |  |  | — |  |  | 213,352 |  |  |
Provision for doubtful accounts | 177,969 |  |  | — |  |  | 177,969 |  |  |
(Gain) loss on disposal of business | — |  |  | 2,190 |  |  | 2,190 |  |  | c
Unrealized (gain) loss on crack spread contingent liability | (15,051 | ) |  | — |  |  | (15,051 | ) |  |
Long-lived asset impairment, net of recoveries | 145,042 |  |  | — |  |  | 145,042 |  |  |
Reserve against supplier advance payments | 130,705 |  |  | — |  |  | 130,705 |  |  |
Deferred taxes | (175,914 | ) |  | (18,553 | ) |  | (194,467 | ) |  | a, c
Other, net | 24,044 |  |  | (3,871 | ) |  | 20,173 |  |  |
Changes in operating assets and liabilities, net of acquisitions: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Receivables | 121,630 |  |  | 25,158 |  |  | 146,788 |  |  | b, c
Inventories | (293,549 | ) |  | (39,930 | ) |  | (333,479 | ) |  | b, c
Derivative assets | 126,824 |  |  | (12,801 | ) |  | 114,023 |  |  | a, b, c
Margin and related deposits | 104,214 |  |  | (6,410 | ) |  | 97,804 |  |  | b, c
Supplier advance payments | (34,583 | ) |  | 631 |  |  | (33,952 | ) |  | b
Other current assets and other assets | (66,119 | ) |  | 15,390 |  |  | (50,729 | ) |  | a, c
Customer margin deposits and credit balances | (50,920 | ) |  | — |  |  | (50,920 | ) |  |
Customer advance payments | (528 | ) |  | (801 | ) |  | (1,329 | ) |  | b, c
Accounts payable and accrued expenses | 197,445 |  |  | 30,522 |  |  | 227,967 |  |  | a, b, c
Derivative liabilities | (183,287 | ) |  | 50,864 |  |  | (132,423 | ) |  | a, b, c
Other liabilities | (25,446 | ) |  | — |  |  | (25,446 | ) |  |
Net cash provided by (used in) operating activities | 932,994 |  |  | (13,876 | ) |  | 919,118 |  |  |
Cash flows from investing activities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Acquisition of property, plant and equipment | (444,397 | ) |  | — |  |  | (444,397 | ) |  |
Proceeds from disposition of property, plant and equipment | 19,541 |  |  | — |  |  | 19,541 |  |  |
Expenditures for major repairs | (2,340 | ) |  | — |  |  | (2,340 | ) |  |
Investments in joint ventures and other | (16,645 | ) |  | — |  |  | (16,645 | ) |  |
Changes in CHS Capital notes receivable, net | 322 |  |  | — |  |  | 322 |  |  |
Financing extended to customers | (67,225 | ) |  | — |  |  | (67,225 | ) |  |
Payments from customer financing | 88,154 |  |  | — |  |  | 88,154 |  |  |
Other investing activities, net | 17,549 |  |  | — |  |  | 17,549 |  |  |
Net cash provided by (used in) investing activities | (405,041 | ) |  | — |  |  | (405,041 | ) |  |
Cash flows from financing activities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Proceeds from lines of credit and long-term borrowings | 37,295,236 |  |  | — |  |  | 37,295,236 |  |  |
Payments on lines of credit, long-term borrowings and capital lease obligations | (37,580,959 | ) |  | (3,052 | ) |  | (37,584,011 | ) |  | c
Mandatorily redeemable noncontrolling interest payments | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  |
Preferred stock dividends paid | (167,642 | ) |  | — |  |  | (167,642 | ) |  |
Redemptions of equities | (35,268 | ) |  | — |  |  | (35,268 | ) |  |
Cash patronage dividends paid | (103,879 | ) |  | — |  |  | (103,879 | ) |  |
Other financing activities, net | (28,681 | ) |  | 5,987 |  |  | (22,694 | ) |  | c
Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities | (621,193 | ) |  | 2,935 |  |  | (618,258 | ) |  |
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash and cash equivalents | (4,694 | ) |  | (19 | ) |  | (4,713 | ) |  |
Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents | (97,934 | ) |  | (10,960 | ) |  | (108,894 | ) |  |
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of period | 279,313 |  |  | 10,960 |  |  | 290,273 |  |  | c
Cash and cash equivalents at end of period | $ | 181,379 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 181,379 |  |  |

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For the year ended August 31, 2017
Freight derivatives and related misstatements
(a) The correction of freight derivatives and related misstatements resulted in a $47.3 million reduction of net income for the year ended August 31, 2017. Refer to descriptions of the adjustments and their impact on net income (loss) in the Consolidated Statement of Operations section for the year ended August 31, 2017, above. The impact of the adjustments to the Consolidated Balance Sheets as of August 31, 2017, and 2016, resulted in certain misclassifications between line items in the Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows; however, none of the freight derivatives and related misstatements impacted the classifications between operating, investing or financing activities. Refer to descriptions of the adjustments and their impact on the Consolidated Balance Sheet in the Consolidated Balance Sheet section as of August 31, 2017, above.
Intercompany misstatements
(b) The correction of intercompany misstatements did not impact net income for the year ended August 31, 2017; however, the impact of adjustments to the Consolidated Balance Sheets as of August 31, 2017, and 2016, resulted in certain misclassification adjustments between line items in the Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows. None of the intercompany misstatements impacted the classifications between operating, investing or financing activities within the Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows.
Other misstatements
(c) The correction of other misstatements resulted in a $9.0 million decrease of net income for the year ended August 31, 2017. Refer to further details of the adjustments and their impact on net income (loss) in the Consolidated Statement of Operations section for the year ended August 31, 2017, above. The impact of the adjustments to the Consolidated Balance Sheets as of August 31, 2017, and 2016, resulted in certain misclassification adjustments between line items in the Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows. As a result, two misclassification adjustments were made between operating and financing activities, including a $3.1 million reduction of notes payable resulted from a duplicative entry and the misclassification of a $6.0 million negative cash balance associated with a timing difference for the application of in-transit cash. Refer to descriptions of the adjustments and their impact on the Consolidated Balance Sheet in the Consolidated Balance Sheet section as of August 31, 2017, above.
Additionally, an adjustment of $11.0 million was recorded to the opening cash balance, which related to a timing difference associated with the application of in-transit cash. Refer to the Consolidated Statement of Cash Flows for the year ended August 31, 2016, below for further details.
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CHS INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS

| For the Year Ended August 31, 2016 |  |
| As Previously Reported |  | Restatement Adjustments |  | As Restated |  | Restatement References
| (Dollars in thousands) |  |
Cash flows from operating activities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Net income (loss) | $ | 423,969 |  |  | $ | (40,943 | ) |  | $ | 383,026 |  |  | a, b, c
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by (used in) operating activities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Depreciation and amortization | 447,492 |  |  | — |  |  | 447,492 |  |  |
Amortization of deferred major repair costs | 73,483 |  |  | — |  |  | 73,483 |  |  |
Equity (income) loss from investments | (175,777 | ) |  | — |  |  | (175,777 | ) |  |
Distributions from equity investments | 178,464 |  |  | — |  |  | 178,464 |  |  |
Provision for doubtful accounts | 57,200 |  |  | — |  |  | 57,200 |  |  |
Unrealized (gain) loss on crack spread contingent liability | (60,931 | ) |  | — |  |  | (60,931 | ) |  |
Long-lived asset impairment, net of recoveries | 27,247 |  |  | — |  |  | 27,247 |  |  |
Reserve against supplier advance payments | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  |
Deferred taxes | (24,178 | ) |  | 52,368 |  |  | 28,190 |  |  | a, c
Other, net | (15,444 | ) |  | — |  |  | (15,444 | ) |  |
Changes in operating assets and liabilities, net of acquisitions: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Receivables | 46,405 |  |  | (44,835 | ) |  | 1,570 |  |  | b, c
Inventories | 338,662 |  |  | 14,910 |  |  | 353,572 |  |  | b, c
Derivative assets | (20,257 | ) |  | 50,079 |  |  | 29,822 |  |  | a, b, c
Margin and related deposits | (37,115 | ) |  | 6,410 |  |  | (30,705 | ) |  | b, c
Supplier advance payments | 44,047 |  |  | (632 | ) |  | 43,415 |  |  | b
Other current assets and other assets | 120,993 |  |  | 7,610 |  |  | 128,603 |  |  | a, c
Customer margin deposits and credit balances | 20,841 |  |  | — |  |  | 20,841 |  |  |
Customer advance payments | 5,664 |  |  | (12,743 | ) |  | (7,079 | ) |  | b, c
Accounts payable and accrued expenses | (129,259 | ) |  | (328 | ) |  | (129,587 | ) |  | a, b, c
Derivative liabilities | 36,283 |  |  | (34,840 | ) |  | 1,443 |  |  | a, b, c
Other liabilities | (94,291 | ) |  | — |  |  | (94,291 | ) |  |
Net cash provided by (used in) operating activities | 1,263,498 |  |  | (2,944 | ) |  | 1,260,554 |  |  |
Cash flows from investing activities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Acquisition of property, plant and equipment | (692,780 | ) |  | — |  |  | (692,780 | ) |  |
Proceeds from disposition of property, plant and equipment | 13,417 |  |  | — |  |  | 13,417 |  |  |
Expenditures for major repairs | (19,610 | ) |  | — |  |  | (19,610 | ) |  |
Investments in joint ventures and other | (2,855,218 | ) |  | — |  |  | (2,855,218 | ) |  |
Changes in CHS Capital notes receivable, net | (209,902 | ) |  | — |  |  | (209,902 | ) |  |
Financing extended to customers | (82,302 | ) |  | — |  |  | (82,302 | ) |  |
Payments from customer financing | 35,188 |  |  | — |  |  | 35,188 |  |  |
Other investing activities, net | 64,236 |  |  | — |  |  | 64,236 |  |  |
Net cash provided by (used in) investing activities | (3,746,971 | ) |  | — |  |  | (3,746,971 | ) |  |
Cash flows from financing activities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Proceeds from lines of credit and long-term borrowings | 31,586,968 |  |  | — |  |  | 31,586,968 |  |  |
Payments on lines of credit, long-term borrowings and capital lease obligations | (29,232,842 | ) |  | — |  |  | (29,232,842 | ) |  |
Mandatorily redeemable noncontrolling interest payments | (153,022 | ) |  | — |  |  | (153,022 | ) |  |
Preferred stock dividends paid | (163,324 | ) |  | — |  |  | (163,324 | ) |  |
Redemptions of equities | (23,911 | ) |  | — |  |  | (23,911 | ) |  |
Cash patronage dividends paid | (251,740 | ) |  | — |  |  | (251,740 | ) |  |
Other financing activities, net | 52,067 |  |  | — |  |  | 52,067 |  |  |
Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities | 1,814,196 |  |  | — |  |  | 1,814,196 |  |  |
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash and cash equivalents | (5,223 | ) |  | — |  |  | (5,223 | ) |  |
Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents | (674,500 | ) |  | (2,944 | ) |  | (677,444 | ) |  |
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of period | 953,813 |  |  | 13,904 |  |  | 967,717 |  |  | c
Cash and cash equivalents at end of period | $ | 279,313 |  |  | $ | 10,960 |  |  | $ | 290,273 |  |  |

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For the year ended August 31, 2016
Freight derivatives and related misstatements
(a) The correction of freight derivatives and related misstatements resulted in a $9.9 million reduction of net income for the year ended August 31, 2016. Refer to descriptions of the adjustments and their impact on net income (loss) in the Consolidated Statement of Operations section for the year ended August 31, 2016, above. The impact of the adjustments to the Consolidated Balance Sheets as of August 31, 2016, and 2015, resulted in certain misclassification adjustments between operating activity line items in the Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows; however, none of the freight derivatives and related misstatements impacted the classifications between operating, investing or financing activities. Refer to descriptions of the adjustments and their impact on the Consolidated Balance Sheets in the Consolidated Balance Sheet section as of August 31, 2017, and 2016, above.
Intercompany misstatements
(b) The correction of intercompany misstatements did not impact net income for the year ended August 31, 2016; however, the impact of adjustments to the Consolidated Balance Sheet as of August 31, 2016, resulted in certain misclassification adjustments between operating activity line items in the Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows. None of the intercompany misstatements impacted the classifications between operating, investing or financing activities within the Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows.
Other misstatements
(c) The correction of other misstatements resulted in a $31.0 million decrease of net income for the year ended August 31, 2016. Refer to further details of the adjustments and their impact on net income (loss) in the Consolidated Statement of Operations section for the year ended August 31, 2016, above. The impact of the adjustments to the Consolidated Balance Sheets as of August 31, 2016, and 2015, resulted in certain misclassification adjustments between operating activity line items within Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows and a $2.9 million reduction of cash that resulted from a timing difference for the application of in-transit cash; however, none of the other misstatements impacted the classifications between operating, investing or financing activities. Refer to descriptions of the adjustments and their impact on the Consolidated Balance Sheets in the Consolidated Balance Sheet section as of August 31, 2017, and 2016, above.
Additionally, an adjustment of $13.9 million was recorded to the opening cash balance, which related to a timing difference associated with the application of in-transit cash during the prior year.
Note 3 Receivables
Receivables as of August 31, 2018, and 2017, are as follows:

| 2018 |  | (As Restated) 2017
| (Dollars in thousands)
Trade accounts receivable | $ | 1,578,764 |  |  | $ | 1,258,644 |
CHS Capital short-term notes receivable | 569,379 |  |  | 164,807 |
Deferred purchase price receivable | — |  |  | 202,947 |
Other | 534,071 |  |  | 491,496 |
| 2,682,214 |  |  | 2,117,894 |
Less allowances and reserves | 221,813 |  |  | 225,726 |
Total receivables | $ | 2,460,401 |  |  | $ | 1,892,168 |

Trade Accounts
Trade accounts receivable are initially recorded at a selling price, which approximates fair value, upon the sale of goods or services to customers. Subsequently, trade accounts receivable are carried at net realizable value, which includes an allowance for estimated uncollectible amounts. We calculate this allowance based on our history of write-offs, level of past due accounts, and our relationships with and the economic status of our customers. Receivables from related parties are disclosed in Note 17, Related Party Transactions.
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During the third quarter of fiscal 2017, a trading partner of ours in Brazil entered bankruptcy-like proceedings under Brazilian law, resulting in a $98.7 million increase to our accounts receivable reserve. We also recorded a reserve of approximately $130.7 million related to supplier advance payments held by this trading partner, which is included in supplier advance payments in the Consolidated Balance Sheets. We initiated efforts to recover these losses during fiscal 2017 and we recorded a recovery of approximately $20.8 million during the fourth quarter of fiscal 2018 within reserve and impairment charges (recoveries), net in the Consolidated Statements of Operations. We continue to pursue additional recoveries in relation to these losses; however, additional recoveries are not estimable and have not been recorded as of the date of this Annual Report on Form 10-K.
CHS Capital
Notes Receivable
CHS Capital, our wholly-owned subsidiary, has short-term notes receivable from commercial and producer borrowers. The short-term notes receivable have maturity terms of 12 months or less and are reported at their outstanding unpaid principal balances, adjusted for the allowance of loan losses, as CHS Capital has the intent and ability to hold the applicable loans for the foreseeable future or until maturity or pay-off. The carrying value of CHS Capital short-term notes receivable approximates fair value given the notes' short-term duration and the use of market pricing adjusted for risk.
The notes receivable from commercial borrowers are collateralized by various combinations of mortgages, personal property, accounts and notes receivable, inventories and assignments of certain regional cooperative’s capital stock. These loans are primarily originated in the states of Minnesota, Wisconsin and North Dakota. CHS Capital also has loans receivable from producer borrowers which are collateralized by various combinations of growing crops, livestock, inventories, accounts receivable, personal property and supplemental mortgages and are originated in the same states as the commercial notes with the addition of Michigan.
In addition to the short-term balances included in the table above, CHS Capital had long-term notes receivable, with durations of generally not more than 10 years, totaling $203.0 million and $17.0 million at August 31, 2018, and 2017, respectively. The long-term notes receivable are included in other assets on our Consolidated Balance Sheets. As of August 31, 2018, and 2017, the commercial notes represented 40% and 17%, respectively, and the producer notes represented 60% and 83%, respectively, of the total CHS Capital notes receivable. The increase in short-term and long-term notes receivable is the result of the activities described within the Sale of Receivables section below.
CHS Capital has commitments to extend credit to customers if there are no violations of any contractually established conditions. As of August 31, 2018, CHS Capital's customers have additional available credit of $706.3 million.
Allowance for Loan Losses and Impairments
CHS Capital maintains an allowance for loan losses which is the estimate of potential incurred losses inherent in the loans receivable portfolio. In accordance with FASB ASC 450-20, Accounting for Loss Contingencies, and ASC 310-10, Accounting by Creditors for Impairment of a Loan, the allowance for loan losses consists of general and specific components. The general component is based on historical loss experience and qualitative factors addressing operational risks and industry trends. The specific component relates to loans receivable that are classified as impaired. Additions to the allowance for loan losses are reflected within reserve and impairment charges (recoveries), net in the Consolidated Statements of Operations. The portion of loans receivable deemed uncollectible is charged off against the allowance. Recoveries of previously charged off amounts increase the allowance for loan losses. No significant amounts of CHS Capital notes were past due as of August 31, 2018, or August 31, 2017, and specific and general loan loss reserves related to CHS Capital notes were not material as of either date.
Interest Income
Interest income is recognized on the accrual basis using a method that computes simple interest on a daily basis. The accrual of interest on commercial loans receivable is discontinued at the time the receivable is 90 days past due unless the credit is well-collateralized and in process of collection. Past due status is based on contractual terms of the loan. Producer loans receivable are placed in non-accrual status based on estimates and analysis due to the annual debt service terms inherent to CHS Capital’s producer loans. In all cases, loans are placed in nonaccrual status or charged off at an earlier date if collection of principal or interest is considered doubtful.
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Troubled Debt Restructurings
A restructuring of a loan constitutes a troubled debt restructuring, or restructured loan, if the creditor for economic reasons related to the debtor’s financial difficulties grants a concession to the debtor that it would otherwise not consider. Concessions vary by program and borrower. Concessions may include interest rate reductions, term extensions, payment deferrals, or the acceptance of additional collateral in lieu of payments. In limited circumstances, principal may be forgiven. When a restructured loan constitutes a troubled debt restructuring, CHS includes these loans within its impaired loans.
During the third quarter of fiscal 2017, CHS Capital concluded a transaction with a single producer borrower whereby CHS Capital obtained from the borrower title to approximately 14,000 acres of land and improvements that, prior to the transaction, was owned by the borrower and served as collateral for the outstanding loans to CHS Capital. The amount corresponding to the fair value of the land and improvements was credited against the notes receivable from this single producer borrower. As a result of this arrangement, all remaining outstanding notes receivable balances and corresponding reserves related to this single producer borrower were removed from the balance sheet of CHS Capital, with no incremental impact to the Consolidated Statements of Operations. During the first quarter of fiscal 2018, CHS Capital sold all rights to the outstanding notes receivable which had been previously removed from the balance sheet as they were deemed uncollectible. Through this sale, we realized a small recovery in the first quarter of fiscal year 2018. As of August 31, 2018, and 2017, CHS Capital had no other significant troubled debt restructurings and no third-party borrowers that accounted for more than 10% of the total CHS Capital notes receivable.
Sale of Receivables
Receivables Securitization Facility
On June 28, 2018, we amended an existing receivables and loans securitization facility (“Securitization Facility”) with certain unaffiliated financial institutions (the "Purchasers"). Under the Securitization Facility, we and certain of our subsidiaries sell trade accounts and notes receivable (the “Receivables”) to Cofina Funding, LLC (“Cofina”), a wholly-owned bankruptcy-remote indirect subsidiary of CHS. Cofina in turn transfers the purchased Receivables to the Purchasers. During the period from July 2017 through the amendment of the Securitization Facility in June 2018, CHS accounted for Receivables sold under the Facility as a sale of financial assets pursuant to ASC 860, Transfers and Servicing, and the Receivables sold were derecognized from its Consolidated Balance Sheets. Under the terms of the amended Securitization Facility, the transfer of Receivables is accounted for as a secured borrowing. We use the proceeds from the sale of Receivables under the Securitization Facility for general corporate purposes. The Securitization Facility terminates on June 17, 2019, but may be extended.
The amount available under the Securitization Facility fluctuates over time based on the total amount of eligible Receivables generated during the normal course of business, with maximum availability of $700.0 million. Sales of Receivables by Cofina occur continuously and are settled with the Purchasers on a monthly basis. As of August 31, 2018, and 2017, the total availability under the Securitization Facility was $645.0 million and $618.0 million, respectively, of which all had been utilized. Prior to amending the Securitization Facility in June 2018, the proceeds from the sale of these Receivables were comprised of a combination of cash and a deferred purchase price (“DPP”) receivable. The DPP receivable was ultimately realized by CHS following the collection of the underlying Receivables sold to the Purchasers.
At the time of the amendment to the Securitization Facility in June 2018, $1.0 billion of Receivables and $634.0 million of securitized debt were recognized and a DPP receivable of $386.9 million was removed from the Consolidated Balance Sheets. At the time of a previous amendment to the Securitization Facility in July 2017, $1.1 billion of Receivables and $554.0 million of securitized debt were removed from the Consolidated Balance Sheets and a DPP receivable of $580.5 million was recognized. These amounts have been reflected as non-cash transactions in the Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows and disclosed within Note 16, Supplemental Cash Flow and Other Information.
Prior to its derecognition during June 2018, the fair value of the DPP receivable was determined by discounting the expected cash flows to be received based on unobservable inputs consisting of the face amount of the Receivables adjusted for anticipated credit losses. Refer to Note 14, Fair Value Measurements, for details related to the fair value measurement of the DPP receivable.
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The following table is a reconciliation of the beginning and ending balances of the DPP receivable, including the long-term portion included in other assets, for the years ended August 31, 2018, and 2017:

| 2018 |  | 2017
| (Dollars in thousands)
Balance - beginning of year | $ | 548,602 |  |  | $ | — |
Cash collections on DPP receivable | (10,961 | ) |  | — |
Transfer of receivables | (386,900 | ) |  | 580,509 |
Monthly settlements, net | (169,827 | ) |  | (31,907 | )
Fair value adjustment | 19,086 |  |  | — |
Balance - end of year | $ | — |  |  | $ | 548,602 |

Loan Participations
During fiscal 2018 CHS Capital sold $64.1 million of notes receivable to numerous counterparties under a master participation agreement. The sale resulted in the removal of the notes receivable from the Consolidated Balance Sheet. CHS Capital has no retained interests in the transferred notes receivable, other than collection and administrative services. The proceeds from the sale of the notes receivable have been included in investing activities in the Consolidated Statement of Cash Flows. Fees received related to the servicing of the notes receivables are recorded in other income in the Consolidated Statements of Operations. We consider the fees received adequate compensation for services rendered, and accordingly have recorded no servicing asset or liability.
Other Receivables
Other receivables are comprised of certain other amounts recorded in the normal course of business, including receivables related to value added taxes and pre-crop financing, primarily to Brazilian farmers, to finance a portion of supplier production costs. CHS does not bear any of the costs or operational risks associated with the related growing crops. The financing is largely collateralized by future crops and physical assets of the suppliers, carries a local market interest rate and settles when the farmer’s crop is harvested and sold.
Note 4 Inventories
Inventories as of August 31, 2018, and 2017, are as follows:

| 2018 |  | (As Restated) 2017
| (Dollars in thousands)
Grain and oilseed | $ | 1,298,522 |  |  | $ | 1,121,141 |
Energy | 715,161 |  |  | 755,886 |
Crop nutrients | 246,326 |  |  | 248,699 |
Feed and farm supplies | 391,906 |  |  | 402,293 |
Processed grain and oilseed | 99,426 |  |  | 49,723 |
Other | 17,308 |  |  | 23,862 |
Total inventories | $ | 2,768,649 |  |  | $ | 2,601,604 |

As of August 31, 2018, we valued approximately 16% of inventories, primarily crude oil and refined fuels within our Energy segment, using the lower of cost, determined on the LIFO method, or net realizable value (19% as of August 31, 2017). If the FIFO method of accounting had been used, inventories would have been higher than the reported amount by $345.0 million and $186.2 million as of August 31, 2018, and 2017, respectively.
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Note 5 Investments
Investments as of August 31, 2018, and 2017, are as follows:

| 2018 |  | 2017
| (Dollars in thousands)
Equity method investments: |  |  |
CF Industries Nitrogen, LLC | $ | 2,735,073 |  |  | $ | 2,756,076 |
Ventura Foods, LLC | 360,150 |  |  | 347,016 |
Ardent Mills, LLC | 205,898 |  |  | 206,529 |
Other equity method investments | 288,016 |  |  | 309,767 |
Cost method and other investments | 122,788 |  |  | 131,605 |
Total investments | $ | 3,711,925 |  |  | $ | 3,750,993 |

Joint ventures and other investments in which we have significant ownership and influence but not control, are accounted for in our consolidated financial statements using the equity method of accounting. Our significant equity method investments consist of CF Nitrogen, Ventura Foods, and Ardent Mills, LLC ("Ardent Mills"), which are summarized below.
CF Nitrogen
On February 1, 2016, we invested $2.8 billion in CF Nitrogen, commencing our strategic venture with CF Industries Holdings, Inc. The investment consists of an approximate 10% membership interest (based on product tons) in CF Nitrogen. We also entered into an 80-year supply agreement that entitles us to purchase up to 1.1 million tons of granular urea and 580,000 tons of urea ammonium nitrate ("UAN") annually from CF Nitrogen for ratable delivery. Our purchases under the supply agreement are based on prevailing market prices and we receive semi-annual cash distributions (in January and July of each year) from CF Nitrogen via our membership interest. These distributions are based on actual volumes purchased from CF Nitrogen under the strategic venture and will have the effect of reducing our investment to zero over 80 years on a straight-line basis. We account for this investment using the hypothetical liquidation at book value method, recognizing our share of the earnings and losses of CF Nitrogen based upon our contractual claims on the entity's net assets pursuant to the liquidation provisions of CF Nitrogen's Limited Liability Company Agreement, adjusted for the semi-annual cash distributions. For the years ended August 31, 2018, and 2017, these amounts were $106.9 million and $66.5 million, respectively, and are included as equity income from investments in our Nitrogen Production segment.
The following tables provide aggregate summarized financial information for CF Nitrogen for the balance sheets as of August 31, 2018, and 2017, and the statements of operations for the twelve months ended August 31, 2018, and 2017, and the seven months ended August 31, 2016:

| 2018 |  | 2017
| (Dollars in thousands)
Current assets | $ | 576,076 |  |  | $ | 394,089 |
Non-current assets | 7,447,594 |  |  | 7,314,629 |
Current liabilities | 215,104 |  |  | 390,206 |
Non-current liabilities | 71 |  |  | 6 |

| 2018 |  | 2017 |  | 2016
| (Dollars in thousands)
Net sales | $ | 2,449,695 |  |  | $ | 2,051,159 |  |  | $ | 1,027,142 |
Gross profit | 423,612 |  |  | 195,142 |  |  | 243,911 |
Net earnings | 401,295 |  |  | 123,965 |  |  | 186,665 |
Earnings attributable to CHS Inc. | 106,895 |  |  | 66,530 |  |  | 74,700 |

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Ventura Foods and Ardent Mills
We have a 50% interest in Venture Foods which is a joint venture that produces and distributes primarily vegetable oil-based products and we have a 12% interest in Ardent Mills, which is a joint venture with Cargill Incorporated ("Cargill") and ConAgra Foods, Inc., which combines the North American flour milling operations of the three parent companies. We account for Ventura Foods and Ardent Mills as equity method investments included in Corporate and Other.
The following tables provide aggregate summarized financial information for our equity method investments in Ventura Foods and Ardent Mills for balance sheets as of August 31, 2018, and 2017, and statements of operations for the twelve months ended August 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016:

| 2018 |  | 2017
| (Dollars in thousands)
Current assets | $ | 1,462,590 |  |  | $ | 1,483,384 |
Non-current assets | 2,331,295 |  |  | 2,358,434 |
Current liabilities | 671,928 |  |  | 685,462 |
Non-current liabilities | 693,360 |  |  | 765,078 |

| 2018 |  | 2017 |  | 2016
| (Dollars in thousands)
Net sales | $ | 5,882,035 |  |  | $ | 5,762,849 |  |  | $ | 5,694,622 |
Gross profit | 601,927 |  |  | 673,329 |  |  | 677,920 |
Net earnings | 226,776 |  |  | 265,126 |  |  | 265,025 |
Earnings attributable to CHS Inc. | 46,069 |  |  | 60,716 |  |  | 88,936 |

Our investments in other equity method investees are not significant in relation to our consolidated financial statements, either individually or in the aggregate.
Note 6 Property, Plant and Equipment
As of August 31, 2018, and 2017, major classes of property, plant and equipment, which include capital lease assets, consisted of the amounts in the table below.

| 2018 |  | 2017
| (Dollars in thousands)
Land and land improvements | $ | 341,767 |  |  | $ | 357,829 |
Buildings | 1,034,860 |  |  | 1,030,478 |
Machinery and equipment | 7,199,509 |  |  | 6,950,435 |
Office equipment and other | 316,946 |  |  | 235,361 |
Construction in progress | 204,207 |  |  | 327,682 |
| 9,097,289 |  |  | 8,901,785 |
Less accumulated depreciation and amortization | 3,955,570 |  |  | 3,545,351 |
Total property, plant and equipment | $ | 5,141,719 |  |  | $ | 5,356,434 |

We have various assets under capital leases totaling $50.0 million and $58.2 million as of August 31, 2018, and 2017, respectively. Accumulated amortization on assets under capital leases was $18.9 million and $27.4 million as of August 31, 2018, and 2017, respectively.
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The following is a schedule by fiscal year of future minimum lease payments under capital leases together with the present value of the net minimum lease payments as of August 31, 2018:

| (Dollars in thousands)
2019 | $ | 4,845 |
2020 | 4,595 |
2021 | 4,197 |
2022 | 3,593 |
2023 | 3,427 |
Thereafter | 7,936 |
Total minimum future lease payments | 28,593 |
Less amount representing interest | 3,313 |
Present value of net minimum lease payments | $ | 25,280 |

During fiscal 2017, our Ag segment recorded an impairment charge of $30.4 million from the reduction in the fair value of agricultural assets held, which was determined using a market-based approach. In addition, our Energy segment recorded an impairment charge of $32.7 million associated with the cancellation of a capital project during fiscal 2017. These impairments were included in the reserve and impairment charges (recoveries), net line of the Consolidated Statements of Operations.
Depreciation expense, including amortization of capital lease assets, for the years ended August 31, 2018, 2017, and 2016, was $475.8 million, $475.9 million and $437.6 million, respectively.
Note 7 Other Assets
Other assets as of August 31, 2018, and 2017, are as follows:

| 2018 |  | (As Restated) 2017
| (Dollars in thousands)
Goodwill | $ | 138,464 |  |  | $ | 138,454 |
Customer lists, trademarks and other intangible assets | 29,338 |  |  | 33,330 |
Notes receivable | 211,986 |  |  | 51,586 |
Deferred purchase price receivable | — |  |  | 345,655 |
Long-term derivative assets | 23,084 |  |  | 40,897 |
Prepaid pension and other benefits | 101,539 |  |  | 122,433 |
Capitalized major maintenance | 130,780 |  |  | 105,006 |
Cash value life insurance | 123,010 |  |  | 118,677 |
Other | 76,128 |  |  | 124,343 |
| $ | 834,329 |  |  | $ | 1,080,381 |

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Changes in the net carrying amount of goodwill for the years ended August 31, 2018, and 2017, by segment, are as follows:

| Energy |  | Ag |  | Corporate and Other |  | Total
| (Dollars in thousands)
Balances, August 31, 2016 - As previously reported | $ | 552 |  |  | $ | 148,916 |  |  | $ | 10,946 |  |  | $ | 160,414 |
Cumulative restatement adjustments | — |  |  | (16,130 | ) |  | — |  |  | (16,130 | )
Balances, August 31, 2016 - As restated | 552 |  |  | 132,786 |  |  | 10,946 |  |  | 144,284 |
Effect of foreign currency translation adjustments | — |  |  | 352 |  |  | — |  |  | 352 |
Impairment | — |  |  | (5,542 | ) |  | — |  |  | (5,542 | )
Other | — |  |  | (268 | ) |  | (372 | ) |  | (640 | )
Balances, August 31, 2017 - As restated | $ | 552 |  |  | $ | 127,328 |  |  | $ | 10,574 |  |  | $ | 138,454 |
Effect of foreign currency translation adjustments | — |  |  | 10 |  |  | — |  |  | 10 |
Other | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Balances, August 31, 2018 | $ | 552 |  |  | $ | 127,338 |  |  | $ | 10,574 |  |  | $ | 138,464 |

No goodwill has been allocated to our Nitrogen Production segment, which consists of a single investment accounted for under the equity method.
All long-lived assets, including property, plant and equipment, goodwill, investments in unconsolidated affiliates and other identifiable intangible assets, are evaluated for impairment in accordance with U.S. GAAP. Goodwill is evaluated for impairment annually as of July 31. All long-lived assets, including goodwill, are also evaluated for impairment whenever triggering events or other circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of an asset group or reporting unit may not be recoverable. No material impairments related to long-lived assets were recorded, and no goodwill impairments were identified as a result of CHS’s annual goodwill analyses performed as of July 31, 2018.
During the year ended August 31, 2017, certain assets and liabilities associated with a disposal group in our Ag segment were classified as held for sale, including $5.5 million of goodwill allocated to the disposal group on a relative fair value basis. As a result of impairment tests performed over the disposal group, impairment charges of $78.8 million, which includes the allocated goodwill, were recorded in the reserve and impairment charges (recoveries), net line item in the Consolidated Statements of Operations for the year ended August 31, 2017. The disposal group assets were sold during the year ended August 31, 2018, and the related recoveries were recorded in the reserve and impairment charges (recoveries), net line item in the Consolidated Statements of Operations.
Intangible assets subject to amortization primarily include customer lists, trademarks and non-compete agreements, and are amortized over their respective useful lives (ranging from 2 to 30 years). Information regarding intangible assets included in other assets on our Consolidated Balance Sheets is as follows:

| August 31, 2018 |  | August 31, 2017
| Carrying Amount |  | Accumulated Amortization |  | Net |  | Carrying Amount |  | Accumulated Amortization |  | Net
| (Dollars in thousands)
Customer lists | $ | 40,815 |  |  | $ | (13,082 | ) |  | $ | 27,733 |  |  | $ | 46,180 |  |  | $ | (14,695 | ) |  | $ | 31,485 |
Trademarks and other intangible assets | 6,536 |  |  | (4,931 | ) |  | 1,605 |  |  | 23,623 |  |  | (21,778 | ) |  | 1,845 |
Total intangible assets | $ | 47,351 |  |  | $ | (18,013 | ) |  | $ | 29,338 |  |  | $ | 69,803 |  |  | $ | (36,473 | ) |  | $ | 33,330 |

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Intangible asset amortization expense for the years ended August 31, 2018, 2017, and 2016, was $3.4 million, $4.3 million and $6.1 million, respectively. The estimated annual amortization expense related to intangible assets subject to amortization for the next five years is as follows:

| (Dollars in thousands)
2019 | $ | 3,355 |
2020 | 3,272 |
2021 | 3,201 |
2022 | 2,989 |
2023 | 2,910 |
Thereafter | 13,515 |
Total | $ | 29,242 |

Activity related to capitalized major maintenance costs at our refineries for the years ended August 31, 2018, 2017, and 2016, is summarized below:

| Balance at Beginning of Year |  | Cost Deferred |  | Amortization |  | Balance at End of Year
| (Dollars in thousands)
2018 | $ | 105,006 |  |  | $ | 87,460 |  |  | $ | (61,686 | ) |  | $ | 130,780 |
2017 | 169,054 |  |  | 3,010 |  |  | (67,058 | ) |  | 105,006 |
2016 | 241,588 |  |  | 949 |  |  | (73,483 | ) |  | 169,054 |

Note 8 Notes Payable and Long-Term Debt
Our notes payable and long-term debt are subject to various restrictive requirements for maintenance of minimum consolidated net worth and other financial ratios. We were in compliance with our debt covenants as of August 31, 2018.
Notes Payable
Notes payable as of August 31, 2018, and 2017, consisted of the following:

|  | Weighted-average Interest Rate |  |  |  |
|  | 2018 |  | (As Restated) 2017 |  | 2018 |  | (As Restated) 2017
|  |  |  |  |  | (Dollars in thousands)
Notes payable |  | 3.50% |  | 2.40% |  | $ | 1,437,264 |  |  | $ | 1,695,423 |
CHS Capital notes payable |  | 2.82% |  | 1.90% |  | 834,932 |  |  | 289,740 |
Total notes payable |  | $ | 2,272,196 |  |  | $ | 1,985,163 |

Our primary committed line of credit is a five-year, unsecured revolving credit facility with a syndication of domestic and international banks.
We maintain a series of uncommitted bilateral facilities that are renewed annually. Amounts borrowed under these short-term credit facilities are used to fund our working capital. The following table summarizes our primary lines of credit as of August 31, 2018, and 2017:
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Primary Revolving Credit Facilities |  | Fiscal Year of Maturity |  | Total Capacity |  | Borrowings Outstanding |  | Interest Rates
|  |  |  | 2018 |  | 2018 |  | 2017 |  |
|  |  |  | (Dollars in thousands) |  |
Committed Five-Year Unsecured Facility |  | 2021 |  | $ | 3,000,000 |  |  | $— |  | $480,000 |  | LIBOR or Base Rate +0.00% to 1.45%
Uncommitted Bilateral Facilities |  | 2019 |  | 515,000 |  |  | 515,000 |  | 350,000 |  | LIBOR or Base Rate +0.00% to 1.20%

In addition to our primary revolving lines of credit, we have a three-year $315.0 million committed revolving pre-export credit facility for CHS Agronegocio Industria e Comercio Ltda ("CHS Agronegocio"), our wholly-owned subsidiary, to provide financing for its working capital needs arising from its purchases and sales of grains, fertilizers and other agricultural products which expires in April 2020. As of August 31, 2018, the outstanding balance under the facility was $181.1 million.
As of August 31, 2018, our wholly-owned subsidiaries, CHS Europe S.a.r.l. and CHS Agronegocio, had uncommitted lines of credit with $454.1 million outstanding. In addition, our other international subsidiaries had lines of credit with a total of $279.4 million outstanding as of August 31, 2018, of which $40.5 million was collateralized.
Miscellaneous short-term notes payable totaled $7.4 million as of August 31, 2018.
CHS Capital Notes Payable
On June 28, 2018, we amended our Securitization Facility with the Purchasers. Under the Securitization Facility, we and certain of our subsidiaries sell Receivables to Cofina, a wholly-owned bankruptcy-remote indirect subsidiary of CHS. Cofina in turn transfers the purchased Receivables to the Purchasers. During the period from July 2017 through the amendment of the Securitization Facility in June 2018, CHS accounted for Receivables sold under the Securitization Facility as a sale of financial assets pursuant to ASC 860, Transfers and Servicing, and the Receivables sold were derecognized from its Consolidated Balance Sheets. Under the terms of the amended Securitization Facility, the transfer of Receivables is accounted for as a secured borrowing. We use the proceeds from the sale of Receivables under the Securitization Facility for general corporate purposes. The Securitization Facility terminates on June 17, 2019, but may be extended. See Note 3, Receivables for additional information.
CHS Capital has available credit under master participation agreements with several counterparties. Borrowings under these agreements are accounted for as secured borrowings and bear interest at variable rates ranging from 2.22% to 3.72% as of August 31, 2018. As of August 31, 2018, the total funding commitment under these agreements was $36.0 million, of which $6.3 million was borrowed.
CHS Capital sells loan commitments it has originated to ProPartners Financial on a recourse basis. The total outstanding commitments under the program totaled $180.9 million as of August 31, 2018, of which $98.3 million was borrowed under these commitments with an interest rate of 3.22%.
CHS Capital borrows funds under short-term notes issued as part of a surplus funds program. Borrowings under this program are unsecured and bear interest at variable rates ranging from 0.10% to 1.40% as of August 31, 2018, and are due upon demand. Borrowings under these notes totaled $69.3 million as of August 31, 2018.
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Long-Term Debt
During the year ended August 31, 2018, we repaid approximately $208 million of long-term debt consisting of scheduled debt maturities and optional prepayments. There were no new material borrowings of long-term debt during fiscal 2018. Amounts included in long-term debt on our Consolidated Balance Sheets as of August 31, 2018, and 2017, are presented in the table below.

|  |  | 2018 |  | 2017
|  |  | (Dollars in thousands)
6.18% unsecured notes $400 million face amount, due in equal installments beginning in 2014 through 2018 |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 80,000 |
5.60% unsecured notes $60 million face amount, due in equal installments beginning in 2012 through 2018 |  | — |  |  | 4,615 |
5.78% unsecured notes $50 million face amount, due in equal installments beginning in 2014 through 2018 |  | — |  |  | 10,000 |
4.00% unsecured notes $100 million face amount, due in equal installments beginning in 2017 through 2021 |  | 60,000 |  |  | 80,000 |
4.08% unsecured notes $130 million face amount, due in 2019 (a) |  | 129,229 |  |  | 130,690 |
4.52% unsecured notes $160 million face amount, due in 2021 (a) |  | 157,528 |  |  | 163,496 |
4.67% unsecured notes $130 million face amount, due in 2023 (a) |  | 128,577 |  |  | 135,792 |
4.39% unsecured notes $152 million face amount, due in 2023 |  | 152,000 |  |  | 152,000 |
3.85% unsecured notes $80 million face amount, due in 2025 |  | 80,000 |  |  | 80,000 |
3.80% unsecured notes $100 million face amount, due in 2025 |  | 100,000 |  |  | 100,000 |
4.58% unsecured notes $150 million face amount, due in 2025 |  | 145,213 |  |  | 149,293 |
4.82% unsecured notes $80 million face amount, due in 2026 |  | 80,000 |  |  | 80,000 |
4.69% unsecured notes $58 million face amount, due in 2027 |  | 58,000 |  |  | 58,000 |
4.74% unsecured notes $95 million face amount, due in 2028 |  | 95,000 |  |  | 95,000 |
4.89% unsecured notes $100 million face amount, due in 2031 |  | 100,000 |  |  | 100,000 |
4.71% unsecured notes $100 million face amount, due in 2033 |  | 100,000 |  |  | 100,000 |
5.40% unsecured notes $125 million face amount, due in 2036 |  | 125,000 |  |  | 125,000 |
Private Placement debt |  | 1,510,547 |  |  | 1,643,886 |
5.59% unsecured term loans from cooperative and other banks, due in equal installments beginning in 2013 through 2018 |  | — |  |  | 15,000 |
2.25% unsecured term loans from cooperative and other banks, due in 2025 (b) |  | 366,000 |  |  | 430,000 |
Bank financing |  | 366,000 |  |  | 445,000 |
Capital lease obligations |  | 25,280 |  |  | 33,075 |
Other notes and contracts with interest rates from 1.30% to 15.25% |  | 32,607 |  |  | 62,652 |
Deferred financing costs |  | (4,179 | ) |  | (4,820 | )
Total long-term debt |  | 1,930,255 |  |  | 2,179,793 |
Less current portion |  | 167,565 |  |  | 156,345 |
Long-term portion |  | $ | 1,762,690 |  |  | $ | 2,023,448 |

_______________________________________

(a) | We have entered into interest rate swaps designated as fair value hedging relationships with these notes. Changes in the fair value of the swaps are recorded each period with a corresponding adjustment to the carrying value of the debt. See Note 13, Derivative Financial Instruments and Hedging Activities for more information.

(b) | Borrowings are variable under the agreement and bear interest at a base rate (or a LIBO rate) plus an applicable margin.

As of August 31, 2018, the carrying value of our long-term debt approximated its fair value, which is estimated to be $1.8 billion based on quoted market prices of similar debt (a Level 2 fair value measurement based on the classification hierarchy of ASC Topic 820, Fair Value Measurement). We have outstanding interest rate swaps designated as fair value hedges of select portions of our fixed-rate debt. During fiscal 2018, we recorded corresponding fair value adjustments of $18.7 million,
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which are included in the amounts in the table above. See Note 13, Derivative Financial Instruments and Hedging Activities for additional information.
In September 2015, we entered into a 10-year term loan with a syndication of banks. The agreement provides for committed term loans in an amount up to $600.0 million. As of August 31, 2018, $236.0 million was outstanding under this agreement. In June 2016, we amended the 10-year term loan so that $300.0 million of the $600.0 million loan balance possessed a revolving feature, whereby we were able to pay down and re-advance an amount up to the referenced $300.0 million. During fiscal 2017, we re-advanced $130.0 million under the revolving provision of the loan. As of August 31, 2018, $130.0 million was outstanding under this agreement. Principal on the outstanding balances is payable in full in September 2025.
Long-term debt outstanding as of August 31, 2018, has aggregate maturities, excluding fair value adjustments and capital leases (see Note 6, Property, Plant and Equipment for a schedule of minimum future lease payments under capital leases), as follows:

| (Dollars in thousands)
2019 | $ | 162,846 |
2020 | 30,671 |
2021 | 182,472 |
2022 | 65 |
2023 | 282,065 |
Thereafter | 1,260,570 |
Total | $ | 1,918,689 |

Interest expense for the years ended August 31, 2018, 2017, and 2016, was $149.2 million, $171.2 million and $113.7 million, respectively, net of capitalized interest of $6.7 million, $6.9 million and $30.3 million, respectively.
Note 9 Income Taxes
The provision for (benefit from) income taxes for the years ended August 31, 2018, 2017, and 2016 is as follows:

| 2018 |  | (As Restated) 2017 |  | (As Restated) 2016
| (Dollars in thousands)
Current: |  |  |  |  |
Federal | $ | 15,576 |  |  | $ | 8,394 |  |  | $ | (14,536 | )
State | 7,041 |  |  | (1,787 | ) |  | 2,427 |
Foreign | 20,268 |  |  | 6,736 |  |  | 3,018 |
| 42,885 |  |  | 13,343 |  |  | (9,091 | )
Deferred: |  |  |  |  |
Federal | (146,780 | ) |  | (173,184 | ) |  | 34,753 |
State | (127 | ) |  | (13,244 | ) |  | (13,684 | )
Foreign | (54 | ) |  | (8,039 | ) |  | 7,121 |
| (146,961 | ) |  | (194,467 | ) |  | 28,190 |
Total | $ | (104,076 | ) |  | $ | (181,124 | ) |  | $ | 19,099 |

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The tax expense above for fiscal 2017 and 2016 are restatements of originally filed amounts to reflect necessary tax adjustments caused by restatements to pre-tax income for the relevant periods as well as to reflect certain tax only adjustments moved to or from other years. For fiscal 2017 and 2016, the adjustments to tax expense were $1.0 million and $23.2 million, respectively. In addition, the disclosures of deferred tax assets for fiscal 2017 discussed below similarly reflect restatements from originally filed amounts for changes in book income and tax only adjustments to or from previous years. The net deferred tax liability for fiscal 2017 reflects a total adjustment from originally filed for $3.7 million. All other disclosures reflect amounts after restatement.
Domestic income before income taxes was $717.4 million, $158.5 million, and $473.0 million for the years ended August 31, 2018, 2017, and 2016, respectively. Foreign income before income taxes was ($46.2) million, ($268.7) million, and ($70.9) million for the years ended August 31, 2018, 2017, and 2016, respectively.
On December 22, 2017, the Tax Act was enacted into law. The Tax Act provides for significant U.S. tax law changes that reduced our federal corporate statutory tax rate from 35% to 21% as of January 1, 2018. As a fiscal year-end taxpayer, our annual statutory federal corporate tax rate applicable to fiscal 2018 was a blended rate of 25.7%. Beginning in fiscal 2019, the annual statutory federal corporate tax rate will be 21%.
The Tax Act also requires companies to pay a one-time repatriation tax on certain unrepatriated earnings of foreign subsidiaries that were previously tax deferred ("transition tax") and creates new taxes on certain foreign sourced earnings. Foreign taxes have not historically had a material impact on our consolidated financial statements. The foreign impacts of the Tax Act are discussed below.
The Tax Act initially repealed the Domestic Production Activities Deduction ("DPAD") and enacted the Deduction for Qualified Business Income of Pass-Thru Entities ("QBI Deduction"); however, the Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2018 (the "Appropriations Act") enacted into law on March 23, 2018, impacted these deductions. The Appropriations Act modifies the QBI Deduction under Sec. 199A of the Tax Act to reenact DPAD for agricultural and horticultural cooperatives as it existed prior to the enactment of the Tax Act, and also modifies the QBI Deduction available to cooperative patrons as enacted by the Tax Act. All references to the Tax Act below include the modifications introduced by the Appropriations Act.
As discussed in Note 1, Organization, Basis of Presentation and Significant Accounting Policies, the FASB issued ASU 2018-05 during March 2018, which allows for entities to report provisional amounts for specific income tax effects associated with the Tax Act for which the accounting is not complete, but a reasonable estimate can be determined.
As of August 31, 2018, we have not finalized our work associated with the income tax effects of the enactment of the Tax Act; however, a reasonable estimate was provisionally recorded as a net benefit of $155.2 million from the revaluation of our U.S. net deferred tax liability that resulted from the reduced federal corporate tax rate and CHS being subject to the employee compensation deduction limitations imposed by Internal Revenue Code Section 162(m).
We have provisionally estimated that we will not have a transition tax liability; however, we continue to gather additional information and will refine that estimate, if necessary. Additionally, we continue to review the anticipated impacts of global intangible low-taxed income ("GILTI"), including whether its tax effects should be accounted for as an in-period or deferred tax expense. Due to the complexity of the GILTI tax rules and the dependency upon future results of our global operations and our global structure, we are currently unable to make a reasonable estimate of this provision and have not recorded any impact associated with GILTI in the tax rate for the year ended August 31, 2018.
Deferred taxes are comprised of basis differences related to investments, accrued liabilities and certain federal and state tax credits. Deferred tax assets and liabilities as of August 31, 2018, and 2017, are as follows:
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| 2018 |  | (As Restated) 2017
| (Dollars in thousands)
Deferred tax assets: |  |  |  |  |
Accrued expenses | $ | 138,417 |  |  | $ | 227,877 |
Postretirement health care and deferred compensation | 41,797 |  |  | 82,682 |
Tax credit carryforwards | 154,240 |  |  | 169,549 |
Loss carryforwards | 104,519 |  |  | 156,615 |
Nonqualified equity | 178,046 |  |  | 140,009 |
Major maintenance | 5,484 |  |  | 13,011 |
Other | 83,580 |  |  | 83,138 |
Deferred tax assets valuation reserve | (230,373 | ) |  | (289,082 | )
Total deferred tax assets | 475,710 |  |  | 583,799 |
Deferred tax liabilities: |  |  |  |  |
Pension | 19,397 |  |  | 32,150 |
Investments | 98,608 |  |  | 130,816 |
Property, plant and equipment | 513,238 |  |  | 709,313 |
Other | 26,828 |  |  | 40,323 |
Total deferred tax liabilities | 658,071 |  |  | 912,602 |
Net deferred tax liabilities | $ | 182,361 |  |  | $ | 328,803 |

We have total gross loss carry forwards of $531.1 million, of which $342.8 million will expire over periods ranging from fiscal 2019 to fiscal 2040. The remainder will carry forward indefinitely. Based on estimates of future taxable profits and losses in certain foreign tax jurisdictions, as well as consideration of other factors, we assessed whether a valuation allowance was necessary to reduce specific foreign loss carry forwards to amounts that we believe are more likely than not to be realized as of August 31, 2018. If our estimates prove inaccurate, adjustments to the valuation allowances may be required in the future with gains or losses being charged to income in the period such determination is made. During fiscal 2018, valuation allowances related to foreign operations decreased by $33.8 million due to net operating loss carry forwards and other timing differences. CHS McPherson Refinery Inc. ("CHS McPherson") (formerly known as National Cooperative Refinery Association) gross state tax credit carry forwards for income tax were approximately $121.6 million and $172.9 million as of August 31, 2018, and 2017, respectively. During the year ended August 31, 2018, the valuation allowance for CHS McPherson decreased by $17.0 million, net of federal tax, due to a change in the amount of state tax credits that will be available for use and estimated to be utilized. The significant decrease in state tax credit carry forwards resulted from the CHS McPherson expansion project qualifying for an alternative Kansas state credit than the credit under which the project previously qualified. CHS McPherson's valuation allowance on Kansas state credits is necessary due to the limited amount of taxable income generated in Kansas by the combined group on an annual basis.
Our foreign tax credit of $11.2 million was generated in fiscal 2018 and will expire in ten years. Our alternative minimum tax credit of $6.1 million will not expire. Our general business credits of $61.2 million, comprised primarily of low sulfur diesel credits, will begin to expire on August 31, 2027 and our state tax credits of $121.6 million will begin to expire on August 31, 2019.
As of August 31, 2018, and 2017, net deferred tax assets of $0.4 million and $1.2 million were included in other assets, respectively.
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The reconciliation of the statutory federal income tax rates to the effective tax rates for the years ended August 31, 2018, 2017, and 2016 is as follows:

| 2018 |  | (As Restated) 2017 |  | (As Restated) 2016
Statutory federal income tax rate | 25.7 | % |  | 35.0 | % |  | 35.0 | %
State and local income taxes, net of federal income tax benefit | 0.7 |  |  | 12.1 |  |  | 0.3 |
Patronage earnings | (13.6 | ) |  | 91.7 |  |  | (21.2 | )
Domestic production activities deduction | (8.4 | ) |  | 30.5 |  |  | (12.1 | )
Export activities at rates other than the U.S. statutory rate | 6.1 |  |  | 51.6 |  |  | (3.0 | )
U.S. tax reform | (23.2 | ) |  | — |  |  | — |
Intercompany transfer of business assets | (6.1 | ) |  | — |  |  | — |
Increase in unrecognized tax benefits | 6.8 |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Valuation allowance | (3.4 | ) |  | (77.1 | ) |  | 25.4 |
Tax credits | 0.7 |  |  | 22.8 |  |  | (14.1 | )
Crack spread contingency | — |  |  | 4.8 |  |  | (5.3 | )
Other | (0.8 | ) |  | (7.0 | ) |  | (0.3 | )
Effective tax rate | (15.5 | )% |  | 164.4 | % |  | 4.7 | %

The primary drivers of the fiscal 2018 income tax benefit are the recognition of deferred benefits from the revaluation of our net deferred tax liability resulting from the Tax Act, the intercompany transfer of a business on December 1, 2017 and a current tax benefit from retaining a significant portion of the DPAD, which were partially offset by deferred tax expense from an increase in our unrecognized tax benefit as descried below.
The components of the income tax benefit disclosed as a percentage of income (loss) before income taxes in the reconciliation of the statutory federal income tax rate for the year ended August 31, 2017, were magnified because our fiscal 2017 income tax benefit was unusually large in relation to our income (loss) before income taxes. The primary drivers of the fiscal 2017 income tax benefit were the recognition of deferred tax benefits related to the issuance of non-qualified equity certificates for fiscal 2013 and 2014, which is disclosed within ‘Patronage earnings’ and U.S. and Brazil deductions related to the Brazilian trading partner loss, which are disclosed within ‘Statutory federal income tax rate’ and ‘Export activities at rates other than the U.S. statutory rate’, respectively, as well as a current tax benefit from retaining a significant portion of the DPAD. A significant income tax expense within the fiscal 2017 income tax benefit is an increase in the valuation allowance against deferred tax assets generated in the Brazilian trading partner loss and Kansas state tax credits.
We file income tax returns in the U.S. federal jurisdiction, as well as various state and foreign jurisdictions. Our uncertain tax positions are affected by the tax years that are under audit or remain subject to examination by the relevant taxing authorities. In addition to the current year, fiscal 2007 through 2017 remain subject to examination, at least for certain issues.
We account for our income tax provisions in accordance with ASC Topic 740, Income Taxes, which prescribes a minimum threshold that a tax provision is required to meet before being recognized in our consolidated financial statements. This interpretation requires us to recognize in our consolidated financial statements tax positions determined more likely than not to be sustained upon examination, based on the technical merits of the position. A reconciliation of the gross beginning and ending amounts of unrecognized tax benefits for the periods presented follows:

| 2018 |  | 2017 |  | 2016
| (Dollars in thousands)
Balance at beginning of period | $ | 37,830 |  |  | $ | 37,105 |  |  | $ | 72,181 |
Additions attributable to current year tax positions | 3,640 |  |  | 725 |  |  | 1,387 |
Additions attributable to prior year tax positions | 49,665 |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Reductions attributable to prior year tax positions | — |  |  | — |  |  | (36,463 | )
Balance at end of period | $ | 91,135 |  |  | $ | 37,830 |  |  | $ | 37,105 |

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During fiscal 2018, adverse judicial opinions received by other taxpayers with similar filing positions resulted in an increase to our unrecognized tax benefits primarily for excise tax credits related to the blending and sale of renewable fuels deducted from income taxes. During fiscal 2017, we increased our unrecognized tax benefits for excise tax credits related to the blending and sale of renewable fuels deducted for income taxes. During fiscal 2016, we decreased our unrecognized tax benefits due to a settlement with the Internal Revenue Service and increased our unrecognized tax benefits for excise tax credits related to the blending and sale of renewable fuels deducted for income taxes.
If we were to prevail on all positions taken in relation to uncertain tax positions, $83.3 million of the unrecognized tax benefits would ultimately benefit our effective tax rate. However, we do not believe it is reasonably possible that the total amount of unrecognized tax benefits will significantly increase or decrease within the next 12 months.
We recognize interest and penalties related to unrecognized tax benefits in our provision for income taxes. We recognized $1.2 million for interest related to unrecognized tax benefits in our Consolidated Statement of Operations for the year ended August 31, 2018, and a related $1.2 million interest payable on our Consolidated Balance Sheet as of August 31, 2018. No interest or penalties were recognized in our Consolidated Statements of Operations for the years ended August 31, 2017, and 2016 and no interest payable was recorded on our Consolidated Balance Sheet as of August 31, 2017.
Note 10 Equities
In accordance with our bylaws and by action of the Board of Directors, annual net earnings from patronage sources are distributed to consenting patrons following the close of each fiscal year, and are based on amounts using financial statement earnings. The cash portion of the qualified patronage distribution, if any, is determined annually by the Board of Directors, with the balance issued in the form of qualified and/or non-qualified capital equity certificates. Total patronage distributions for fiscal 2018 are estimated to be $420.3 million, with the qualified cash portion estimated to be $75.0 million and non-qualified equity distributions of $345.3 million. No portion of annual net earnings for fiscal 2018 will be issued in the form of qualified capital equity certificates. Patronage distributions in fiscal 2017 were $128.8 million, with no cash portion. The actual patronage distributions and cash portion for fiscal 2016, and 2015 were $257.5 million ($103.9 million in cash), and $627.2 million ($251.7 million in cash), respectively.
Annual net earnings from patronage or other sources may be added to the unallocated capital reserve or, upon action by the Board of Directors, may be allocated to members in the form of nonpatronage equity certificates. The Board of Directors authorized, in accordance with our bylaws, that 10% of the earnings from patronage business for fiscal 2018, 2017, and 2016 be added to our capital reserves.
Redemptions of outstanding equity are at the discretion of the Board of Directors. Redemptions of capital equity certificates approved by the Board of Directors are divided into two pools, one for non-individuals (primarily member cooperatives) who may participate in an annual redemption program for qualified equities held by them and another for individual members who are eligible for equity redemptions at age 70 or upon death. Beginning with fiscal 2017 patronage (for which distributions were made in fiscal 2018), CHS's redemption policy includes a redemption program for individuals similar to the one that was previously only available to non-individual members, subject to the CHS Board of Directors' overall discretion whether to redeem outstanding equity. In accordance with authorization from the Board of Directors, we expect total redemptions related to the year ended August 31, 2018, that will be distributed in fiscal 2019, to be approximately $75.0 million. This amount is classified as a current liability on our August 31, 2018, Consolidated Balance Sheet. During the years ended August 31, 2018, 2017, and 2016, we redeemed in cash, outstanding owners' equities in accordance with authorization from the Board of Directors, in the amounts of $8.8 million, $35.3 million and $23.9 million, respectively.
In March 2017, we redeemed approximately $20.0 million of patrons' equities by issuing 695,390 shares of Class B Cumulative Redeemable Preferred Stock, Series 1 ("Class B Series 1 Preferred Stock"), with a total redemption value of $17.4 million, excluding accumulated dividends. Each share of Class B Series 1 Preferred Stock was issued in redemption of $28.74 of patrons' equities in the form of capital equity certificates. Additionally, in fiscal 2016, we redeemed approximately $76.8 million of patrons' equities by issuing 2,693,195 shares of Class B Series 1 Preferred Stock with a total redemption value of $67.3 million, excluding accumulated dividends. Each share of Class B Series 1 Preferred Stock was issued in redemption of $28.50 of patrons' equities in the form of capital equity certificates.
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Preferred Stock
The following is a summary of our outstanding preferred stock as of August 31, 2018, all shares of which are listed on the Global Select Market of Nasdaq:

|  | Nasdaq symbol |  | Issuance date |  | Shares outstanding |  | Redemption value |  | Net proceeds (a) |  | Dividend rate (b) (c) |  | Dividend payment frequency |  | Redeemable beginning (d)
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  | (Dollars in millions) |  |  |  |  |  |
8% Cumulative Redeemable |  | CHSCP |  | (e) |  | 12,272,003 |  |  | $ | 306.8 |  |  | $ | 311.2 |  |  | 8.00 | % |  | Quarterly |  | 7/18/2023
Class B Cumulative Redeemable, Series 1 |  | CHSCO |  | (f) |  | 21,459,066 |  |  | $ | 536.5 |  |  | $ | 569.3 |  |  | 7.875 | % |  | Quarterly |  | 9/26/2023
Class B Reset Rate Cumulative Redeemable, Series 2 |  | CHSCN |  | 3/11/2014 |  | 16,800,000 |  |  | $ | 420.0 |  |  | $ | 406.2 |  |  | 7.10 | % |  | Quarterly |  | 3/31/2024
Class B Reset Rate Cumulative Redeemable, Series 3 |  | CHSCM |  | 9/15/2014 |  | 19,700,000 |  |  | $ | 492.5 |  |  | $ | 476.7 |  |  | 6.75 | % |  | Quarterly |  | 9/30/2024
Class B Cumulative Redeemable, Series 4 |  | CHSCL |  | 1/21/2015 |  | 20,700,000 |  |  | $ | 517.5 |  |  | $ | 501.0 |  |  | 7.50 | % |  | Quarterly |  | 1/21/2025

(a) | Includes patrons' equities redeemed with preferred stock.

(b) | The Class B Reset Rate Cumulative Redeemable Preferred Stock, Series 2 accumulates dividends at a rate of 7.10% per year until March 31, 2024, and then at a rate equal to the three-month LIBOR plus 4.298%, not to exceed 8.00% per annum, subsequent to March 31, 2024.

(c) | The Class B Reset Rate Cumulative Redeemable Preferred Stock, Series 3 accumulates dividends at a rate of 6.75% per year until September 30, 2024, and then at a rate equal to the three-month LIBOR plus 4.155%, not to exceed 8.00% per annum, subsequent to September 30, 2024.

(d) | Preferred stock is redeemable for cash at our option, in whole or in part, at a per share price equal to the per share liquidation preference of $25.00 per share, plus all dividends accumulated and unpaid on that share to and including the date of redemption, beginning on the dates set forth in this column.

(e) | The 8% Cumulative Redeemable Preferred Stock was issued at various times from 2003 through 2010.

(f) | Shares of Class B Cumulative Redeemable Preferred Stock, Series 1 were issued on September 26, 2013, August 25, 2014, March 31, 2016 and March 30, 2017.

We made dividend payments on our preferred stock of $168.7 million, $167.6 million, and $163.3 million, during the years ended August 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016, respectively. As of August 31, 2018, we have no authorized but unissued shares of preferred stock.
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Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss
Changes in accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) by component, for the years ended August 31, 2018, 2017, and 2016 are as follows:

| Pension and Other Postretirement Benefits |  | Unrealized Net Gain (Loss) on Available for Sale Investments |  | Cash Flow Hedges |  | Foreign Currency Translation Adjustment |  | Total
| (Dollars in thousands)
Balance as of August 31, 2015, net of tax (As previously reported) | $ | (171,729 | ) |  | $ | 4,156 |  |  | $ | (5,324 | ) |  | $ | (41,310 | ) |  | $ | (214,207 | )
Cumulative restatement adjustments | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 1,370 |  |  | 1,370 |
Balance as of August 31, 2015, net of tax (As restated) | (171,729 | ) |  | 4,156 |  |  | (5,324 | ) |  | (39,940 | ) |  | (212,837 | )
Other comprehensive income (loss), before tax: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Amounts before reclassifications | (10,512 | ) |  | 2,447 |  |  | (11,353 | ) |  | (2,210 | ) |  | (21,628 | )
Amounts reclassified out | 20,998 |  |  | — |  |  | 5,071 |  |  | 469 |  |  | 26,538 |
Total other comprehensive income (loss), before tax | 10,486 |  |  | 2,447 |  |  | (6,282 | ) |  | (1,741 | ) |  | 4,910 |
Tax effect | (3,903 | ) |  | (947 | ) |  | 2,410 |  |  | (1,163 | ) |  | (3,603 | )
Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax | 6,583 |  |  | 1,500 |  |  | (3,872 | ) |  | (2,904 | ) |  | 1,307 |
Balance as of August 31, 2016, net of tax (As restated) | (165,146 | ) |  | 5,656 |  |  | (9,196 | ) |  | (42,844 | ) |  | (211,530 | )
Other comprehensive income (loss), before tax: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Amounts before reclassifications | 25,216 |  |  | 7,117 |  |  | 1,892 |  |  | (7,960 | ) |  | 26,265 |
Amounts reclassified out | 26,174 |  |  | — |  |  | 1,742 |  |  | 15 |  |  | 27,931 |
Total other comprehensive income (loss), before tax | 51,390 |  |  | 7,117 |  |  | 3,634 |  |  | (7,945 | ) |  | 54,196 |
Tax effect | (18,688 | ) |  | (2,732 | ) |  | (1,392 | ) |  | (214 | ) |  | (23,026 | )
Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax | 32,702 |  |  | 4,385 |  |  | 2,242 |  |  | (8,159 | ) |  | 31,170 |
Balance as of August 31, 2017, net of tax (As restated) | (132,444 | ) |  | 10,041 |  |  | (6,954 | ) |  | (51,003 | ) |  | (180,360 | )
Other comprehensive income (loss), before tax: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Amounts before reclassifications | 7,633 |  |  | 21,078 |  |  | 1,031 |  |  | (10,062 | ) |  | 19,680 |
Amounts reclassified out | 21,804 |  |  | (25,534 | ) |  | 1,704 |  |  | (2,042 | ) |  | (4,068 | )
Total other comprehensive income (loss), before tax | 29,437 |  |  | (4,456 | ) |  | 2,735 |  |  | (12,104 | ) |  | 15,612 |
Tax effect | (9,371 | ) |  | 1,308 |  |  | (195 | ) |  | 83 |  |  | (8,175 | )
Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax | 20,066 |  |  | (3,148 | ) |  | 2,540 |  |  | (12,021 | ) |  | 7,437 |
Reclassification of tax effects to retained earnings | (27,957 | ) |  | 1,968 |  |  | (1,468 | ) |  | 465 |  |  | (26,992 | )
Balance as of August 31, 2018, net of tax | $ | (140,335 | ) |  | $ | 8,861 |  |  | $ | (5,882 | ) |  | $ | (62,559 | ) |  | $ | (199,915 | )

During fiscal 2018, we adopted ASU No. 2018-02, Reclassification of Certain Tax Effects From Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income. Under U.S. GAAP, the effects of tax law changes on deferred tax balances, including adjustments to deferred taxes originally recorded to accumulated other comprehensive income (loss), are recorded as a component of income tax expense. Adjusting deferred tax balances related to items originally recorded in accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) through tax expense resulted in a remaining accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) balance that was disproportionate to the amounts that would have been recorded through net income in future periods. The new guidance allowed us to reclassify $27.0 million of disproportionate (or stranded) amounts related to the Tax Act to capital reserves.
Amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) were related to pension and other postretirement benefits, cash flow hedges, available for sale investments and foreign currency translation adjustments. Pension and other postretirement reclassifications include amortization of net actuarial loss, prior service credit and transition amounts and are recorded as cost of goods sold and marketing, general and administrative expenses (see Note 11, Benefit Plans for further information). Amortization related to gains or losses on cash flow hedges is recorded to interest expense. Gains or losses on the sale of available for sale investments are recorded to other income. Foreign currency translation reclassifications related to sales of businesses are recorded to gain on sale of business or reserve and impairment charges (recoveries), net.
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During fiscal 2016, interest rate swaps accounted for as cash flow hedges were terminated as the issuance of the underlying debt was no longer probable. As a result, a $3.7 million loss was reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive loss into net income. This pre-tax loss is included as a component of interest expense in our Consolidated Statement of Operations for the year ended August 31, 2016.
Note 11 Benefit Plans
We have various pension and other defined benefit as well as defined contribution plans in which substantially all employees may participate. We also have non-qualified supplemental executive and Board retirement plans.
Financial information on changes in benefit obligation, plan assets funded and balance sheet status as of August 31, 2018, and 2017, is as follows:

| Qualified Pension Benefits |  | Non-Qualified Pension Benefits |  | Other Benefits
| 2018 |  | 2017 |  | 2018 |  | 2017 |  | 2018 |  | 2017
| (Dollars in thousands)
Change in benefit obligation: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Benefit obligation at beginning of period | $ | 806,174 |  |  | $ | 812,749 |  |  | $ | 25,599 |  |  | $ | 32,696 |  |  | $ | 31,836 |  |  | $ | 36,779 |
Service cost | 39,677 |  |  | 42,149 |  |  | 548 |  |  | 1,206 |  |  | 943 |  |  | 1,160 |
Interest cost | 24,007 |  |  | 22,999 |  |  | 711 |  |  | 843 |  |  | 908 |  |  | 930 |
Actuarial (gain) loss | 3,146 |  |  | (10,054 | ) |  | 205 |  |  | (5,692 | ) |  | (623 | ) |  | (4,650 | )
Assumption change | (36,515 | ) |  | (17,750 | ) |  | (783 | ) |  | (655 | ) |  | (1,612 | ) |  | (775 | )
Plan amendments | 244 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Settlements | — |  |  | — |  |  | (4,824 | ) |  | (2,131 | ) |  | — |  |  | — |
Benefits paid | (69,549 | ) |  | (43,919 | ) |  | (701 | ) |  | (668 | ) |  | (1,662 | ) |  | (1,608 | )
Benefit obligation at end of period | $ | 767,184 |  |  | $ | 806,174 |  |  | $ | 20,755 |  |  | $ | 25,599 |  |  | $ | 29,790 |  |  | $ | 31,836 |
Change in plan assets: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Fair value of plan assets at beginning of period | $ | 875,820 |  |  | $ | 883,265 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |
Actual gain (loss) on plan assets | 23,345 |  |  | 36,474 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Company contributions | — |  |  | — |  |  | 5,525 |  |  | 2,799 |  |  | 1,662 |  |  | 1,608 |
Settlements | — |  |  | — |  |  | (4,824 | ) |  | (2,131 | ) |  | — |  |  | — |
Benefits paid | (69,549 | ) |  | (43,919 | ) |  | (701 | ) |  | (668 | ) |  | (1,662 | ) |  | (1,608 | )
Fair value of plan assets at end of period | $ | 829,616 |  |  | $ | 875,820 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |
Funded status at end of period | $ | 62,432 |  |  | $ | 69,646 |  |  | $ | (20,755 | ) |  | $ | (25,599 | ) |  | $ | (29,790 | ) |  | $ | (31,836 | )
Amounts recognized on balance sheet: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Non-current assets | $ | 62,432 |  |  | $ | 70,019 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |
Accrued benefit cost: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Current liabilities | — |  |  | — |  |  | (1,780 | ) |  | (2,270 | ) |  | (2,040 | ) |  | (2,140 | )
Non-current liabilities | — |  |  | (373 | ) |  | (18,975 | ) |  | (23,329 | ) |  | (27,750 | ) |  | (29,696 | )
Ending balance | $ | 62,432 |  |  | $ | 69,646 |  |  | $ | (20,755 | ) |  | $ | (25,599 | ) |  | $ | (29,790 | ) |  | $ | (31,836 | )
Amounts recognized in accumulated other comprehensive loss (pretax): |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Prior service cost (credit) | $ | 1,288 |  |  | $ | 2,481 |  |  | $ | (691 | ) |  | $ | (660 | ) |  | $ | (3,716 | ) |  | $ | (4,281 | )
Net (gain) loss | 209,606 |  |  | 236,232 |  |  | 427 |  |  | 953 |  |  | (17,875 | ) |  | (16,864 | )
Ending balance | $ | 210,894 |  |  | $ | 238,713 |  |  | $ | (264 | ) |  | $ | 293 |  |  | $ | (21,591 | ) |  | $ | (21,145 | )

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The accumulated benefit obligation of the qualified pension plans was $736.2 million and $743.5 million at August 31, 2018, and 2017, respectively. The accumulated benefit obligation of the non-qualified pension plans was $18.6 million and $20.6 million at August 31, 2018, and 2017, respectively.
Information for the pension plans with an accumulated benefit obligation in excess of plan assets is set forth below:

| For the Years Ended August 31,
| 2018 |  | 2017
| (Dollars in thousands)
Projected benefit obligation | $ | 20,755 |  |  | $ | 28,177 |
Accumulated benefit obligation | 18,586 |  |  | 23,221 |
Fair value of plan assets | — |  |  | 2,203 |

A significant assumption for pension plan accounting is the discount rate. Historically, we have selected a discount rate each year (as of our fiscal year-end measurement date) for our plans based upon a high-quality corporate bond yield curve for which the cash flows from coupons and maturities match the year-by-year projected benefit cash flows for our pension plans. The corporate bond yield curve is comprised of high-quality fixed income debt instruments available at the measurement date. At August 31, 2016, we made the determination to use an individual spot-rate approach, discussed below. This alternative approach focuses on measuring the service cost and interest cost components of net periodic benefit cost by using individual spot rates derived from a high-quality corporate bond yield curve and matched with separate cash flows for each future year instead of a single weighted-average discount rate approach.
As of August 31, 2016, we changed the method used to estimate the service and interest cost components of net periodic benefit cost for pension and other post-retirement benefits. This change in methodology has and is expected to continue to result in a decrease in the service and interest cost components for the pension and other post-retirement benefit costs. We historically estimated these service and interest cost components utilizing a single weighted-average discount rate derived from the yield curve used to measure the benefit obligation at the beginning of the period. Beginning in fiscal 2017, we elected to utilize a full-yield curve approach in the determination of these components by applying the specific spot rates along the yield curve used in the determination of the benefit obligation to the relevant projected cash flows. We elected to make this change to provide a more precise measurement of service and interest costs by improving the correlation between projected benefit cash flows to the corresponding spot yield curve rates. This change does not affect the measurement of our total benefit obligations at August 31, 2016, the net periodic cost recognized in fiscal 2016 or the ultimate benefit payment that must be made in the future. We have accounted for this change as a change in accounting estimate and, accordingly, have accounted for it on a prospective basis.
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Components of net periodic benefit costs for the years ended August 31, 2018, 2017, and 2016 are as follows:

| Qualified Pension Benefits |  | Non-Qualified Pension Benefits |  | Other Benefits
| 2018 |  | 2017 |  | 2016 |  | 2018 |  | 2017 |  | 2016 |  | 2018 |  | 2017 |  | 2016
| (Dollars in thousands)
Components of net periodic benefit costs: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Service cost | $ | 39,677 |  |  | $ | 42,149 |  |  | $ | 37,533 |  |  | $ | 548 |  |  | $ | 1,206 |  |  | $ | 1,035 |  |  | $ | 943 |  |  | $ | 1,160 |  |  | $ | 1,412 |
Interest cost | 24,007 |  |  | 22,999 |  |  | 30,773 |  |  | 711 |  |  | 843 |  |  | 1,406 |  |  | 908 |  |  | 930 |  |  | 1,709 |
Expected return on assets | (48,159 | ) |  | (48,235 | ) |  | (48,055 | ) |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Settlement of retiree obligations | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (112 | ) |  | (30 | ) |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Prior service cost (credit) amortization | 1,437 |  |  | 1,540 |  |  | 1,606 |  |  | 30 |  |  | 19 |  |  | 228 |  |  | (565 | ) |  | (565 | ) |  | (120 | )
Actuarial loss (gain) amortization | 18,073 |  |  | 22,869 |  |  | 19,016 |  |  | 61 |  |  | 546 |  |  | 692 |  |  | (1,224 | ) |  | (798 | ) |  | (464 | )
Net periodic benefit cost | $ | 35,035 |  |  | $ | 41,322 |  |  | $ | 40,873 |  |  | $ | 1,238 |  |  | $ | 2,584 |  |  | $ | 3,361 |  |  | $ | 62 |  |  | $ | 727 |  |  | $ | 2,537 |
Weighted-average assumptions to determine the net periodic benefit cost: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Discount rate | 3.80 | % |  | 3.60 | % |  | 4.20 | % |  | 3.53 | % |  | 3.28 | % |  | 4.20 | % |  | 3.56 | % |  | 3.30 | % |  | 4.20 | %
Expected return on plan assets | 5.75 | % |  | 5.75 | % |  | 6.00 | % |  | N/A |  |  | N/A |  |  | N/A |  |  | N/A |  |  | N/A |  |  | N/A |
Rate of compensation increase | 5.08 | % |  | 5.60 | % |  | 4.90 | % |  | 5.08 | % |  | 5.60 | % |  | 4.90 | % |  | N/A |  |  | N/A |  |  | N/A |
Weighted-average assumptions to determine the benefit obligations: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Discount rate | 4.23 | % |  | 3.80 | % |  | 3.60 | % |  | 4.09 | % |  | 3.53 | % |  | 3.28 | % |  | 4.13 | % |  | 3.56 | % |  | 3.30 | %
Rate of compensation increase | 5.14 | % |  | 5.08 | % |  | 5.60 | % |  | 5.14 | % |  | 5.08 | % |  | 5.60 | % |  | N/A |  |  | N/A |  |  | N/A |

Components of net periodic benefit costs and amounts recognized in other comprehensive income (loss) for the years ended August 31, 2018, 2017, and 2016 are as follows:

| Qualified Pension Benefits |  | Non-Qualified Pension Benefits |  | Other Benefits
| 2018 |  | 2017 |  | 2016 |  | 2018 |  | 2017 |  | 2016 |  | 2018 |  | 2017 |  | 2016
| (Dollars in thousands)
Other comprehensive income (loss) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Prior service cost (credit) | $ | 244 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 411 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | (1,044 | ) |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | (4,495 | )
Net actuarial loss (gain) | (8,553 | ) |  | (16,044 | ) |  | 17,712 |  |  | (578 | ) |  | (6,345 | ) |  | (655 | ) |  | (2,234 | ) |  | (5,427 | ) |  | (2,290 | )
Amortization of actuarial loss (gain) | (18,073 | ) |  | (22,869 | ) |  | (19,016 | ) |  | (61 | ) |  | (546 | ) |  | (692 | ) |  | 1,224 |  |  | 798 |  |  | 464 |
Amortization of prior service costs (credit) | (1,437 | ) |  | (1,540 | ) |  | (1,606 | ) |  | (30 | ) |  | (19 | ) |  | (228 | ) |  | 565 |  |  | 565 |  |  | 120 |
Settlement of retiree obligations (a) | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 112 |  |  | 30 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Total recognized in other comprehensive income | $ | (27,819 | ) |  | $ | (40,453 | ) |  | $ | (2,499 | ) |  | $ | (557 | ) |  | $ | (6,880 | ) |  | $ | (2,619 | ) |  | $ | (445 | ) |  | $ | (4,064 | ) |  | $ | (6,201 | )

(a) Reflects amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) to net earnings
The estimated amortization in fiscal 2019 from accumulated other comprehensive loss into net periodic benefit cost is as follows:

| Qualified Pension Benefits |  | Non-Qualified Pension Benefits |  | Other Benefits
| (Dollars in thousands)
Amortization of prior service cost (credit) | $ | 190 |  |  | $ | (75 | ) |  | $ | (556 | )
Amortization of net actuarial (gain) loss | 12,266 |  |  | 2 |  |  | (1,629 | )

For measurement purposes, a 7.5% annual rate of increase in the per capita cost of covered health care benefits was assumed for the year ended August 31, 2018. The rate was assumed to decrease gradually to 4.5% by 2027 and remain at that level thereafter.
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Assumed health care cost trend rates have a significant effect on the amounts reported for the health care plans. A one-percentage point change in the assumed health care cost trend rates would have the following effects:

| 1% Increase |  | 1% Decrease
| (Dollars in thousands)
Effect on total of service and interest cost components | $ | 230 |  |  | $ | (200 | )
Effect on postretirement benefit obligation | 2,400 |  |  | (2,100 | )

We provide defined life insurance and health care benefits for certain retired employees and Board of Directors participants. The plan is contributory based on years of service and family status, with retiree contributions adjusted annually.
We did not contribute to the qualified pension plans in fiscal 2018. Based on the funded status of the qualified pension plans as of August 31, 2018, we do not believe we will be required to contribute to these plans in fiscal 2019, although we may voluntarily elect to do so. We expect to pay $3.8 million to participants of the non-qualified pension and postretirement benefit plans during fiscal 2019.
Our retiree benefit payments, which reflect expected future service, are anticipated to be paid as follows:

| Qualified Pension Benefits |  | Non-Qualified Pension Benefits |  | Other Benefits Gross
| (Dollars in thousands)
2019 | $ | 66,528 |  |  | $ | 1,780 |  |  | $ | 2,040 |
2020 | 62,320 |  |  | 1,670 |  |  | 2,260 |
2021 | 61,279 |  |  | 1,750 |  |  | 2,400 |
2022 | 62,877 |  |  | 2,230 |  |  | 2,590 |
2023 | 64,573 |  |  | 1,840 |  |  | 2,720 |
2024-2028 | 328,313 |  |  | 9,270 |  |  | 12,690 |

We have trusts that hold the assets for the defined benefit plans. CHS has a qualified plan committee that sets investment guidelines with the assistance of external consultants. Investment objectives for the plans' assets are as follows:

• | optimization of the long-term returns on plan assets at an acceptable level of risk;

• | maintenance of a broad diversification across asset classes and among investment managers; and

• | focus on long-term return objectives.

Asset allocation targets promote optimal expected return and volatility characteristics given the long-term time horizon for fulfilling the obligations of the pension plans. Our pension plans' investment policy strategy is such that liabilities match assets. This is being accomplished through the asset portfolio mix by reducing volatility and de-risking the plans. The plans’ target allocation percentages range between 45% and 65% for fixed income securities, and range between 35% and 55% for equity securities. An annual analysis of the risk versus the return of the investment portfolio is conducted to justify the expected long-term rate of return assumption. We generally use long-term historical return information for the targeted asset mix identified in asset and liability studies. Adjustments are made to the expected long-term rate of return assumption, when deemed necessary, based upon revised expectations of future investment performance of the overall investment markets.
The discount rate reflects the rate at which the associated benefits could be effectively settled as of the measurement date. In estimating this rate, we look at rates of return on fixed-income investments of similar duration to the liabilities in the plans that receive high, investment-grade ratings by recognized ratings agencies.
The investment portfolio contains a diversified portfolio of investment categories, including domestic and international equities, fixed-income securities and real estate. Securities are also diversified in terms of domestic and international securities, short and long-term securities, growth and value equities, large and small cap stocks, as well as active and passive management styles.
The committee believes that with prudent risk tolerance and asset diversification, the plans should be able to meet pension obligations in the future.
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Our pension plans’ recurring fair value measurements by asset category at August 31, 2018, and 2017, are presented in the tables below:

| 2018
| Level 1 |  | Level 2 |  | Level 3 |  | Total
| (Dollars in thousands)
Cash and cash equivalents | $ | 7,424 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 7,424 |
Equities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Mutual funds | 692 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 692 |
Common/collective trust at net asset value (1) | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 216,962 |
Fixed income securities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Common/collective trust at net asset value (1) | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 500,637 |
Partnership and joint venture interests measured at net asset value (1) | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 101,954 |
Other assets measured at net asset value (1) | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 1,947 |
Total | $ | 8,116 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 829,616 |

| 2017
| Level 1 |  | Level 2 |  | Level 3 |  | Total
| (Dollars in thousands)
Cash and cash equivalents | $ | 9,988 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 9,988 |
Equities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Mutual funds | 459 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 459 |
Common/collective trust at net asset value (1) | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 231,228 |
Fixed income securities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Common/collective trust at net asset value (1) | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 535,185 |
Partnership and joint venture interests measured at net asset value (1) | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 96,994 |
Other assets measured at net asset value (1) | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 1,966 |
Total | $ | 10,447 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 875,820 |

(1) In accordance with ASC Topic 820-10, Fair Value Measurements, certain assets that are measured at fair value using the net asset value per share (or its equivalent) practical expedient have not been categorized in the fair value hierarchy. The fair value amounts presented in the tables above are intended to permit reconciliation of the fair value hierarchy to the amounts presented in the statement of net assets.
Definitions for valuation levels are found in Note 14, Fair Value Measurements. We use the following valuation methodologies for assets measured at fair value.
Mutual funds: Valued at quoted market prices, which are based on the net asset value of shares held by the plan at year end. Mutual funds traded in active markets are classified within Level 1 of the fair value hierarchy. Mutual funds measured at fair value using the net asset value per share practical expedient have not been categorized in the fair value hierarchy in accordance with ASC Topic 820-10, Fair Value Measurement.
Common/Collective Trusts: Common/collective trusts primarily consist of equity and fixed income funds and are valued using other significant observable inputs (including quoted prices for similar investments, interest rates, prepayment speeds, credit risks, referenced indices, quoted prices in inactive markets, adjusted quoted prices in active markets, adjusted quoted prices on foreign equity securities that were adjusted in accordance with pricing procedures approved by the trust, etc.). Common/collective trust investments can be redeemed daily and without restriction. Redemption of the entire investment balance generally requires a 45- to 60-day notice period. The equity funds provide exposure to large, mid and small cap U.S. equities, international large and small cap equities and emerging market equities. The fixed income funds provide exposure to U.S., international and emerging market debt securities. Common/collective trusts measured at fair value using the net asset value per share practical expedient have not been categorized in the fair value hierarchy in accordance with ASC Topic 820-10, Fair Value Measurement.
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Partnership and joint venture interests: Valued at the net asset value of shares held by the plan at year end as a practical expedient for fair value. The net asset value is based on the fair value of the underlying assets owned by the trust, minus its liabilities then divided by the number of units outstanding. Redemptions of these interests generally require a 45- to 60-day notice period. Partnerships and joint venture interests measured at fair value using the net asset value per share practical expedient have not been categorized in the fair value hierarchy in accordance with ASC Topic 820-10, Fair Value Measurement.
Other assets: Other assets primarily includes real estate funds and hedge funds held in the asset portfolio of our U.S. defined benefit pension plans. Other funds measured at fair value using the net asset value per share practical expedient have not been categorized in the fair value hierarchy in accordance with ASC Topic 820-10, Fair Value Measurement.
We are one of approximately 400 employers that contribute to the Co-op Retirement Plan ("Co-op Plan"), which is a defined benefit plan constituting a “multiple employer plan” under the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended, and a “multiemployer plan” under the accounting standards. The risks of participating in these multiemployer plans are different from single-employer plans in the following aspects:

• | Assets contributed to the multiemployer plan by one employer may be used to provide benefits to employees of other participating employers;

• | If a participating employer stops contributing to the plan, the unfunded obligations of the plan may be borne by the remaining participating employers; and

• | If we choose to stop participating in the multiemployer plan, we may be required to pay the plan an amount based on the underfunded status of the plan, referred to as a withdrawal liability.

Our participation in the Co-op Plan for the years ended August 31, 2018, 2017, and 2016 is outlined in the table below:

|  |  |  | Contributions of CHS |  |  |  |
|  |  |  | (Dollars in thousands) |  |  |  |
Plan Name |  | EIN/Plan Number |  | 2018 |  | 2017 |  | 2016 |  | Surcharge Imposed |  | Expiration Date of Collective Bargaining Agreement
Co-op Retirement Plan |  | 01-0689331 / 001 |  | $ | 1,662 |  |  | $ | 1,653 |  |  | $ | 1,862 |  |  | N/A |  | N/A

Our contributions for the years stated above did not represent more than 5% of total contributions to the Co-op Plan as indicated in the Co-op Plan's most recently available annual report (Form 5500).
Provisions of the Pension Protection Act of 2006 ("PPA") do not apply to the Co-op Plan because there is a special exemption for cooperative plans if the plan is maintained by more than one employer and at least 85% of the employers are rural cooperatives or cooperative organizations owned by agricultural producers. In the Co-op Plan, a “zone status” determination is not required, and therefore not determined. In addition, the accumulated benefit obligations and plan assets are not determined or allocated separately by individual employers. The most recent financial statements available in 2018 and 2017 are for the Co-op Plan's year-end at March 31, 2018, and 2017, respectively. In total, the Co-op Plan was at least 80% funded on those dates based on the total plan assets and accumulated benefit obligations.
Because the provisions of the PPA do not apply to the Co-op Plan, funding improvement plans, and surcharges are not applicable. Future contribution requirements are determined each year as part of the actuarial valuation of the plan and may change as a result of plan experience.
In addition to the contributions to the Co-op Plan listed above, total contributions to individually insignificant multi-employer pension plans were immaterial in fiscal 2018, 2017, and 2016.
We have other contributory defined contribution plans covering substantially all employees. Total contributions by us to these plans were $24.7 million, $19.9 million and $29.5 million, for the years ended August 31, 2018, 2017, and 2016, respectively.
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Note 12 Segment Reporting
We are an integrated agricultural enterprise, providing grain, foods and energy resources to businesses and consumers on a global basis. We provide a wide variety of products and services, from initial agricultural inputs such as fuels, farm supplies, crop nutrients and crop protection products, to agricultural outputs that include grains and oilseeds, grain and oilseed processing and food products, and the production and marketing of ethanol. We define our operating segments in accordance with ASC Topic 280, Segment Reporting, to reflect the manner in which our chief operating decision maker, our Chief Executive Officer, evaluates performance and allocates resources in managing the business. We have aggregated those operating segments into three reportable segments: Energy, Ag and Nitrogen Production.
Our Energy segment produces and provides primarily for the wholesale distribution of petroleum products and transportation of those products. Our Ag segment purchases and further processes or resells grains and oilseeds originated by our country operations business, by our member cooperatives and by third parties; serves as a wholesaler and retailer of crop inputs; and produces and markets ethanol. Our Nitrogen Production segment consists solely of our equity method investment in CF Nitrogen, which was completed in February 2016 and which entitles us, pursuant to a supply agreement that we entered with CF Nitrogen, to purchase up to a specified annual quantity of granular urea and UAN annually from CF Nitrogen. The addition of the Nitrogen Production segment had no impact on historically reported segment results and balances as this segment came into existence in fiscal 2016. There were no changes to the composition of our Energy or Ag segments as a result of the addition of the Nitrogen Production segment. Corporate and Other primarily represents our non-consolidated wheat milling operations and packaged food joint ventures, as well as our business solutions operations, which primarily consists of commodities hedging, financial services related to crop production, and insurance which was disposed of in May 2018. Our investment in Ventura Foods is included in our Corporate and Other category.
Corporate administrative expenses and interest are allocated to each business segment, and Corporate and Other, based on direct usage for services that can be tracked, such as information technology and legal, and other factors or considerations relevant to the costs incurred.
Many of our business activities are highly seasonal and operating results vary throughout the year. For example, in our Ag segment, our crop nutrients and country operations businesses generally experience higher volumes and income during the spring planting season and in the fall, which corresponds to harvest. Our grain marketing operations are also subject to fluctuations in volume and earnings based on producer harvests, world grain prices and demand. Our Energy segment generally experiences higher volumes and profitability in certain operating areas, such as refined products, in the summer and early fall when gasoline and diesel fuel usage is highest and is subject to global supply and demand forces. Other energy products, such as propane, may experience higher volumes and profitability during the winter heating and crop drying seasons.
Our revenues, assets and cash flows can be significantly affected by global market prices for commodities such as petroleum products, natural gas, grains, oilseeds, crop nutrients and flour. Changes in market prices for commodities that we purchase without a corresponding change in the selling prices of those products can affect revenues and operating earnings. Commodity prices are affected by a wide range of factors beyond our control, including the weather, crop damage due to disease or insects, drought, the availability and adequacy of supply, government regulations and policies, world events, and general political and economic conditions.
While our revenues and operating results are derived from businesses and operations which are wholly-owned and majority-owned, a portion of our business operations are conducted through companies in which we hold ownership interests of 50% or less and do not control the operations. We account for these investments primarily using the equity method of accounting, wherein we record our proportionate share of income or loss reported by the entity as equity income from investments, without consolidating the revenues and expenses of the entity in our Consolidated Statements of Operations. In our Ag segment, this principally includes our 50% ownership in TEMCO. In our Nitrogen Production segment, this consists of our approximate 10% membership interest (based on product tons) in CF Nitrogen. In Corporate and Other, this principally includes our 50% ownership in Ventura Foods and our 12% ownership in Ardent Mills. See Note 5, Investments for more information related to CF Nitrogen, Ventura Foods and Ardent Mills.
Reconciling amounts represent the elimination of revenues between segments. Such transactions are executed at market prices to more accurately evaluate the profitability of the individual business segments.
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Segment information for the years ended August 31, 2018, 2017, and 2016 is presented in the tables below.

| Energy |  | Ag |  | Nitrogen Production |  | Corporate and Other |  | Reconciling Amounts |  | Total
| (Dollars in thousands)
For the year ended August 31, 2018: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Revenues, including intersegment revenues | $ | 8,068,717 |  |  | $ | 25,052,395 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 64,516 |  |  | $ | (502,281 | ) |  | $ | 32,683,347 |
Operating earnings (loss) | 390,092 |  |  | 95,883 |  |  | (20,619 | ) |  | (8,270 | ) |  | — |  |  | 457,086 |
(Gain) loss on disposal of business | (65,862 | ) |  | (7,707 | ) |  | — |  |  | (58,247 | ) |  | — |  |  | (131,816 | )
Interest expense | 14,627 |  |  | 94,256 |  |  | 50,499 |  |  | (7,712 | ) |  | (2,468 | ) |  | 149,202 |
Other (income) loss | (7,718 | ) |  | (66,316 | ) |  | (3,061 | ) |  | (3,388 | ) |  | 2,468 |  |  | (78,015 | )
Equity (income) loss from investments | (3,063 | ) |  | 1,392 |  |  | (106,895 | ) |  | (44,949 | ) |  | — |  |  | (153,515 | )
Income (loss) before income taxes | $ | 452,108 |  |  | $ | 74,258 |  |  | $ | 38,838 |  |  | $ | 106,026 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 671,230 |
Intersegment revenues | $ | (479,598 | ) |  | $ | (14,914 | ) |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | (7,769 | ) |  | $ | 502,281 |  |  | $ | — |
Capital expenditures | $ | 248,207 |  |  | $ | 77,962 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 29,243 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 355,412 |
Depreciation and amortization | $ | 230,230 |  |  | $ | 218,716 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 29,104 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 478,050 |
Total assets as of August 31, 2018 | $ | 4,168,239 |  |  | $ | 6,534,777 |  |  | $ | 2,758,668 |  |  | $ | 2,919,494 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 16,381,178 |

| Energy |  | Ag |  | Nitrogen Production |  | Corporate and Other |  | Reconciling Amounts |  | Total
| (Dollars in thousands)
For the year ended August 31, 2017: (As restated) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Revenues, including intersegment revenues | $ | 6,620,680 |  |  | $ | 25,738,740 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 95,414 |  |  | $ | (417,408 | ) |  | $ | 32,037,426 |
Operating earnings (loss) | 75,138 |  |  | (268,946 | ) |  | (18,430 | ) |  | 38,212 |  |  | — |  |  | (174,026 | )
(Gain) loss on disposal of business | — |  |  | 2,190 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 2,190 |
Interest expense | 18,365 |  |  | 71,986 |  |  | 48,893 |  |  | 33,250 |  |  | (1,255 | ) |  | 171,239 |
Other (income) loss | (1,164 | ) |  | (65,684 | ) |  | (30,534 | ) |  | (3,824 | ) |  | 1,255 |  |  | (99,951 | )
Equity (income) loss from investments | (3,181 | ) |  | (7,277 | ) |  | (66,530 | ) |  | (60,350 | ) |  | — |  |  | (137,338 | )
Income (loss) before income taxes | $ | 61,118 |  |  | $ | (270,161 | ) |  | $ | 29,741 |  |  | $ | 69,136 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | (110,166 | )
Intersegment revenues | $ | (392,842 | ) |  | $ | (20,312 | ) |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | (4,254 | ) |  | $ | 417,408 |  |  | $ | — |
Capital expenditures | $ | 260,543 |  |  | $ | 146,139 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 37,715 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 444,397 |
Depreciation and amortization | $ | 223,229 |  |  | $ | 232,443 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 24,551 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 480,223 |
Total assets as of August 31, 2017 | $ | 4,290,618 |  |  | $ | 6,359,058 |  |  | $ | 2,781,610 |  |  | $ | 2,387,636 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 15,818,922 |

| Energy |  | Ag |  | Nitrogen Production |  | Corporate and Other |  | Reconciling Amounts |  | Total
| (Dollars in thousands)
For the year ended August 31, 2016: (As restated) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Revenues, including intersegment revenues | $ | 5,743,882 |  |  | $ | 24,896,354 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 92,725 |  |  | $ | (377,701 | ) |  | $ | 30,355,260 |
Operating earnings (loss) | 246,105 |  |  | 36,649 |  |  | (6,193 | ) |  | 15,882 |  |  | — |  |  | 292,443 |
Interest expense | (22,244 | ) |  | 82,085 |  |  | 34,437 |  |  | 30,647 |  |  | (11,221 | ) |  | 113,704 |
Other (income) loss | (287 | ) |  | (53,044 | ) |  | — |  |  | (5,499 | ) |  | 11,221 |  |  | (47,609 | )
Equity (income) loss from investments | (4,739 | ) |  | (7,644 | ) |  | (74,700 | ) |  | (88,694 | ) |  | — |  |  | (175,777 | )
Income (loss) before income taxes | $ | 273,375 |  |  | $ | 15,252 |  |  | $ | 34,070 |  |  | $ | 79,428 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 402,125 |
Intersegment revenues | $ | (335,003 | ) |  | $ | (40,336 | ) |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | (2,362 | ) |  | $ | 377,701 |  |  | $ | — |
Capital expenditures | $ | 376,841 |  |  | $ | 260,865 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 55,074 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 692,780 |
Depreciation and amortization | $ | 193,525 |  |  | $ | 230,172 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 23,795 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 447,492 |

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We have international sales, which are predominantly in our Ag segment. The following table presents our sales, based on the geographic locations in which the sales originated, for the years ended August 31, 2018, 2017, and 2016:

| 2018 |  | (As Restated) 2017 |  | (As Restated) 2016
| (Dollars in thousands)
North America | $ | 29,475,724 |  |  | $ | 29,068,842 |  |  | $ | 26,571,367 |
South America | 1,569,330 |  |  | 1,441,316 |  |  | 1,847,284 |
Europe, the Middle East and Africa (EMEA) | 536,501 |  |  | 652,308 |  |  | 878,407 |
Asia Pacific (APAC) | 1,101,792 |  |  | 874,960 |  |  | 1,058,202 |
Total | $ | 32,683,347 |  |  | $ | 32,037,426 |  |  | $ | 30,355,260 |

Included in North American revenues are revenues from the United States of $29.5 billion, $29.0 billion and $26.5 billion for the years ended August 31, 2018, 2017, and 2016, respectively.
Long-lived assets include our property, plant and equipment, capital lease assets and capitalized major maintenance costs. The following table presents long-lived assets by geographical region:

| 2018 |  | 2017
| (Dollars in thousands)
United States | $ | 5,185,572 |  |  | $ | 5,359,270 |
International | 86,927 |  |  | 102,170 |
Total | $ | 5,272,499 |  |  | $ | 5,461,440 |

Note 13 Derivative Financial Instruments and Hedging Activities
Our derivative instruments primarily consist of commodity and forward contracts and, to a minor degree, may include foreign currency and interest rate swap contracts. These contracts are economic hedges of price risk, but we do not apply hedge accounting under ASC Topic 815, Derivatives and Hedging, except with respect to certain interest rate swap contracts which are accounted for as cash flow hedges or fair value hedges as described below. Derivative instruments are recorded on our Consolidated Balance Sheets at fair value as described in Note 14, Fair Value Measurements.
The following tables present the gross fair values of derivative assets, derivative liabilities, and margin deposits (cash collateral) recorded on our Consolidated Balance Sheets along with the related amounts permitted to be offset in accordance with U.S. GAAP. We have elected not to offset derivative assets and liabilities when we have the right of offset under ASC Topic 210-20, Balance Sheet - Offsetting; or when the instruments are subject to master netting arrangements under ASC Topic 815-10-45, Derivatives and Hedging - Overall.

| August 31, 2018
|  |  | Amounts Not Offset on the Consolidated Balance Sheet but Eligible for Offsetting |  |
| Gross Amounts Recognized |  | Cash Collateral |  | Derivative Instruments |  | Net Amounts
| (Dollars in thousands)
Derivative Assets: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Commodity derivatives | $ | 313,033 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 26,781 |  |  | $ | 286,252 |
Foreign exchange derivatives | 15,401 |  |  | — |  |  | 8,703 |  |  | 6,698 |
Embedded derivative asset | 23,595 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 23,595 |
Total | $ | 352,029 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 35,484 |  |  | $ | 316,545 |
Derivative Liabilities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Commodity derivatives | $ | 421,054 |  |  | $ | 12,983 |  |  | $ | 26,781 |  |  | $ | 381,290 |
Foreign exchange derivatives | 24,701 |  |  | — |  |  | 8,703 |  |  | 15,998 |
Total | $ | 445,755 |  |  | $ | 12,983 |  |  | $ | 35,484 |  |  | $ | 397,288 |

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| August 31, 2017 (As Restated)
|  |  | Amounts Not Offset on the Consolidated Balance Sheet but Eligible for Offsetting |  |
| Gross Amounts Recognized |  | Cash Collateral |  | Derivative Instruments |  | Net Amounts
| (Dollars in thousands)
Derivative Assets: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Commodity derivatives | $ | 215,349 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 34,912 |  |  | $ | 180,437 |
Foreign exchange derivatives | 8,779 |  |  | — |  |  | 3,636 |  |  | 5,143 |
Embedded derivative asset | 25,533 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 25,533 |
Total | $ | 249,661 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 38,548 |  |  | $ | 211,113 |
Derivative Liabilities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Commodity derivatives | $ | 293,330 |  |  | $ | 3,898 |  |  | $ | 34,912 |  |  | $ | 254,520 |
Foreign exchange derivatives | 19,931 |  |  | — |  |  | 3,636 |  |  | 16,295 |
Total | $ | 313,261 |  |  | $ | 3,898 |  |  | $ | 38,548 |  |  | $ | 270,815 |

Derivative assets and liabilities with maturities of less than 12 months are recorded in derivative assets and derivative liabilities, respectively, on the Consolidated Balance Sheets. Derivative assets and liabilities with maturities greater than 12 months are recorded in other assets and other liabilities, respectively, on the Consolidated Balance Sheets. The amount of long-term derivative assets, excluding derivatives accounted for as fair value hedges, recorded on the Consolidated Balance Sheet at August 31, 2018, and 2017, was $23.1 million and $30.9 million, respectively. The amount of long-term derivative liabilities, excluding derivatives accounted for as fair value hedges, recorded on the Consolidated Balance Sheet at August 31, 2018, and 2017, was $7.9 million and $12.3 million, respectively.
Derivatives Not Designated as Hedging Instruments
The majority of our derivative instruments have not been designated as hedging instruments. The following table sets forth the pretax gains (losses) on derivatives not accounted for as hedging instruments that have been included in our Consolidated Statements of Operations for the years ended August 31, 2018, 2017, and 2016.

| Location of Gain (Loss) |  | 2018 |  | (As Restated) 2017 |  | (As Restated) 2016
|  |  | (Dollars in thousands)
Commodity derivatives | Cost of goods sold |  | $ | 162,321 |  |  | $ | 168,569 |  |  | $ | (67,014 | )
Foreign exchange derivatives | Cost of goods sold |  | (26,010 | ) |  | (13,140 | ) |  | (10,904 | )
Foreign exchange derivatives | Marketing, general and administrative |  | 596 |  |  | (1,604 | ) |  | (97 | )
Interest rate derivatives | Interest expense |  | (1 | ) |  | 8 |  |  | (6,292 | )
Embedded derivative | Other income (loss) |  | 3,061 |  |  | 30,533 |  |  | — |
Total |  |  | $ | 139,967 |  |  | $ | 184,366 |  |  | $ | (84,307 | )

Commodity Contracts:
When we enter a commodity purchase or sales commitment, we are exposed to risks related to price changes and performance including delivery, quality, quantity and shipment period. If market prices decrease, we are exposed to risk of loss in the market value of inventory and purchase contracts with a fixed or partially fixed price. Conversely, we are exposed to risk of loss on our fixed or partially fixed price sales contracts if market prices increase.
Our use of hedging reduces the exposure to price volatility by protecting against adverse short-term price movements, but it also limits the benefits of favorable short-term price movements. To reduce the price risk associated with fixed price commitments, we generally enter into commodity derivative contracts, to the extent practical, to achieve a net commodity position within the formal position limits we have established and deemed prudent for each commodity. These contracts are primarily transacted on regulated commodity futures exchanges but may also include over-the-counter derivative instruments when deemed appropriate. For commodities where there is no liquid derivative contract, risk is managed using forward sales
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contracts, other pricing arrangements and, to some extent, futures contracts in highly correlated commodities. These contracts are economic hedges of price risk, but are not designated as hedging instruments for accounting purposes. The contracts are recorded on our Consolidated Balance Sheets at fair values based on quotes listed on regulated commodity exchanges or the market prices of the underlying products listed on the exchanges, except that fertilizer and certain propane contracts are accounted for as normal purchase and normal sales transactions. Unrealized gains and losses on these contracts are recognized in cost of goods sold in our Consolidated Statements of Operations.
When a futures position is established, initial margin must be deposited with the applicable exchange or broker. The amount of margin required varies by commodity and is set by the applicable exchange at its sole discretion. If the market price relative to a short futures position increases, an additional margin deposit would be required. Similarly, a margin deposit would be required if the market price relative to a long futures position decreases. Conversely, if the market price increases relative to a long futures position or decreases relative to a short futures position, margin deposits may be returned by the applicable exchange or broker.
Our policy is to manage our commodity price risk exposure according to internal polices and in alignment with our tolerance for risk. Our profitability from operations is primarily derived from margins on products sold and grain merchandised, not from hedging transactions. At any one time, inventory and purchase contracts for delivery to us may be substantial. We have risk management policies that include established net position limits. These limits are defined for each commodity and business unit, and may include both trader and management limits as appropriate. The limits policy is managed within each individual business unit to ensure any limits overage is explained and exposures reduced, or a temporary limit increase is established if needed. The position limits are reviewed, at least annually, with senior leadership and the Board of Directors. We monitor current market conditions and may expand or reduce our net position limits in response to changes in those conditions. In addition, all purchase and sales contracts are subject to credit approvals and appropriate terms and conditions.
The use of hedging instruments does not protect against nonperformance by counterparties to cash contracts. We evaluate counterparty exposure by reviewing contracts and adjusting the values to reflect potential nonperformance. Risk of nonperformance by counterparties includes the inability to perform because of a counterparty’s financial condition and the risk that the counterparty will refuse to perform on a contract during periods of price fluctuations where contract prices are significantly different than the current market prices. We manage these risks by entering into fixed price purchase and sales contracts with preapproved producers and by establishing appropriate limits for individual suppliers. Fixed price contracts are entered into with customers of acceptable creditworthiness, as internally evaluated. Regarding our use of derivatives, we primarily transact in exchange traded instruments or enter into over-the-counter derivatives that clear through a designated clearing organization, which limits our counterparty exposure relative to hedging activities. Historically, we have not experienced significant events of nonperformance on open contracts. Accordingly, we only adjust the estimated fair values of specifically identified contracts for nonperformance. Although we have established policies and procedures, we make no assurances that historical nonperformance experience will carry forward to future periods.
As of August 31, 2018, and 2017, we had outstanding commodity futures and options contracts that were used as economic hedges, as well as fixed-price forward contracts related to physical purchases and sales of commodities. The table below presents the notional volumes for all outstanding commodity contracts accounted for as derivative instruments.

| 2018 |  | (As Restated) 2017
| Long |  | Short |  | Long |  | Short
| (Units in thousands)
Grain and oilseed - bushels | 715,866 |  |  | 929,873 |  |  | 569,243 |  |  | 767,110 |
Energy products - barrels | 17,011 |  |  | 8,329 |  |  | 15,072 |  |  | 18,252 |
Processed grain and oilseed - tons | 1,064 |  |  | 2,875 |  |  | 299 |  |  | 2,347 |
Crop nutrients - tons | 11 |  |  | 76 |  |  | 9 |  |  | 15 |
Ocean freight - metric tons | 227 |  |  | 45 |  |  | 160 |  |  | 198 |
Natural gas - MMBtu | 610 |  |  | — |  |  | 500 |  |  | — |

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Foreign Exchange Contracts
We conduct a substantial portion of our business in U.S. dollars, but we are exposed to risks relating to foreign currency fluctuations primarily due to grain marketing transactions in South America, the Asia Pacific region, and Europe, and purchases of products from Canada. We use foreign currency derivative instruments to mitigate the impact of exchange rate fluctuations. Although CHS has some risk exposure relating to foreign currency transactions, a larger impact with exchange rate fluctuations is the ability of foreign buyers to purchase U.S. agricultural products and the competitiveness of U.S. agricultural products compared to the same products offered by alternative sources of world supply. The notional amounts of our foreign exchange derivative contracts were $988.8 million and $776.7 million as of August 31, 2018, and August 31, 2017, respectively.
Embedded Derivative Asset
Under the terms of our strategic investment in CF Nitrogen, if CF Industries' credit rating is reduced below certain levels by two of three specified credit ratings agencies, we are entitled to receive a non-refundable annual payment of $5.0 million from CF Industries. These payments will continue on an annual basis until the date that CF Industries' credit rating is upgraded to or above certain levels by two of the three specified credit ratings agencies or February 1, 2026, whichever is earlier.
During the first quarter of fiscal 2017, CF Industries' credit rating was reduced below the specified levels and we recorded a gain of $29.1 million in other income (loss) in our Consolidated Statement of Operations and received a $5.0 million payment from CF Industries. A total gain of $30.5 million was recognized in relation to the embedded credit derivative during fiscal 2017. During fiscal 2018, we received a second $5.0 million payment from CF Industries. The fair value of the embedded derivative asset recorded on our Consolidated Balance Sheet as of August 31, 2018, was equal to $23.6 million. The current and long-term portions of the embedded derivative asset are included in derivative assets and other assets on our Consolidated Balance Sheet, respectively. See Note 14, Fair Value Measurements for additional information regarding the valuation of the embedded derivative asset.
Derivatives Designated as Cash Flow or Fair Value Hedging Strategies
Fair Value Hedges
As of August 31, 2018, and 2017, we had outstanding interest rate swaps with an aggregate notional amount of $495.0 million designated as fair value hedges of portions of our fixed-rate debt that is due between fiscal 2019 and fiscal 2025. Our objective in entering into these transactions is to offset changes in the fair value of the debt associated with the risk of variability in the three-month U.S. dollar LIBOR interest rate ("LIBOR"), in essence converting the fixed-rate debt to variable-rate debt. Under these interest rate swaps, we receive fixed-rate interest payments and make interest payments based on the three-month LIBOR. Offsetting changes in the fair values of both the swap instruments and the hedged debt are recorded contemporaneously each period and only create an impact to earnings to the extent that the hedge is ineffective.
The following table presents the fair value of our derivative interest rate swap instruments designated as fair value hedges and the line items on our Consolidated Balance Sheets in which they are recorded as of August 31, 2018, and 2017.

|  | 2018 |  | 2017 |  |  |  | 2018 |  | 2017
Balance Sheet Location |  | Derivative Assets |  | Balance Sheet Location |  | Derivative Liabilities
|  | (Dollars in thousands) |  |  |  | (Dollars in thousands)
Derivative assets |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | Derivative liabilities |  | $ | 771 |  |  | $ | — |
Other assets |  | — |  |  | 9,978 |  |  | Other liabilities |  | 8,681 |  |  | 707 |
Total |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 9,978 |  |  | Total |  | $ | 9,452 |  |  | $ | 707 |

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The following table sets forth the pretax gains (losses) on derivatives accounted for as hedging instruments that have been included in our Consolidated Statements of Operations for the years ended August 31, 2018, 2017, and 2016.

Gain (Loss) on Fair Value Hedging Relationships: |  | Location of Gain (Loss) |  | 2018 |  | 2017 |  | 2016
|  |  |  | (Dollars in thousands)
Interest rate swaps |  | Interest expense |  | $ | 18,723 |  |  | $ | 12,806 |  |  | $ | (9,842 | )
Hedged item |  | Interest expense |  | (18,723 | ) |  | (12,806 | ) |  | 9,842 |
Total |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |

The following table provides the location and carrying amount of hedged liabilities in our Consolidated Balance Sheets as of August 31, 2018, and 2017.

|  | August 31, 2018 |  | August 31, 2017
Balance Sheet Location |  | Carrying Amount of Hedged Liabilities |  | Cumulative Amount of Fair Value Hedging Adjustments Included in the Carrying Amount of Hedged Liabilities |  | Carrying Amount of Hedged Liabilities |  | Cumulative Amount of Fair Value Hedging Adjustments Included in the Carrying Amount of Hedged Liabilities
|  | (Dollars in thousands)
Long-term debt |  | $ | 485,548 |  |  | $ | 9,452 |  |  | $ | 504,271 |  |  | $ | (9,271 | )

Cash Flow Hedges
In the fourth quarter of fiscal 2018, our Energy segment entered into pay-fixed, receive-variable, cash-settled swaps designated as cash flow hedges of future crude oil purchases. We also entered into pay-variable, receive-fixed, cash-settled swaps designated as cash flow hedges of future refined product sales. These hedging instruments and the related hedged items are exposed to significant market price risk and potential volatility. As part of our risk management strategy, we look to hedge a portion of our expected future crude oil needs and the resulting refined product output based on prevailing futures prices, management's expectations about future commodity price changes and our risk appetite. As of August 31, 2018, the notional amount, the fair value and the amounts recorded in other comprehensive income relating to these cash flow hedges were immaterial. There were no outstanding cash flow hedges as of August 31, 2017.
In fiscal 2015, we entered into forward-starting interest rate swaps with an aggregate notional amount of $300.0 million designated as cash flow hedges of the expected variability of future interest payments on our anticipated issuance of fixed-rate debt. During the first quarter of fiscal 2016, we determined that certain of the anticipated debt issuances would be delayed; and we consequently recorded an immaterial amount of losses on the ineffective portion of the related swaps in earnings. Additionally, we paid $6.4 million in cash to settle two of the interest rate swaps upon their scheduled termination dates. During the second quarter of fiscal 2016, we settled an additional two interest rate swaps, paying $5.3 million in cash upon their scheduled termination. In January 2016, we issued the fixed-rate debt associated with these swaps and will amortize the amounts which were previously deferred to other comprehensive income into earnings over the life of the debt. The amounts to be included in earnings are not expected to be material during any 12-month period. During the third quarter of fiscal 2016, we settled the remaining two interest rate swaps, paying $5.1 million in cash upon their scheduled termination. We did not issue additional fixed-rate debt as previously planned, and we reclassified all amounts previously recorded to other comprehensive income into earnings.
The following table presents the pretax gains (losses) recorded in other comprehensive income relating to cash flow hedges for the years ended August 31, 2018, 2017, and 2016:

|  | 2018 |  | 2017 |  | 2016
|  | (Dollars in thousands)
Interest rate derivatives |  | $ | 178 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | (10,070 | )

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The following table presents the pretax gains (losses) relating to cash flow hedges that were reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive loss into income for the years ended August 31, 2018, 2017, and 2016:

| Location of Gain (Loss) |  | 2018 |  | 2017 |  | 2016
|  |  | (Dollars in thousands)
Interest rate derivatives | Interest expense |  | $ | (1,704 | ) |  | $ | (1,742 | ) |  | $ | (5,071 | )

Note 14 Fair Value Measurements
ASC Topic 820, Fair Value Measurement defines fair value as the price that would be received for an asset or paid to transfer a liability (an exit price) in the principal or most advantageous market for the asset or liability in an orderly transaction between market participants on the measurement date.
We determine fair values of derivative instruments and certain other assets, based on the fair value hierarchy established in ASC Topic 820, which requires an entity to maximize the use of observable inputs and minimize the use of unobservable inputs when measuring fair value. Observable inputs are inputs that reflect the assumptions market participants would use in pricing the asset or liability based on the best information available in the circumstances. ASC Topic 820 describes three levels within its hierarchy that may be used to measure fair value, and our assessment of relevant instruments within those levels is as follows:
Level 1: Values are based on unadjusted quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities. These assets and liabilities include exchange-traded derivative instruments, Rabbi Trust investments, deferred compensation investments and available-for-sale investments.
Level 2: Values are based on quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities in active markets, quoted prices for identical or similar assets or liabilities in markets that are not active, or other inputs that are observable or can be corroborated by observable market data for substantially the full term of the assets or liabilities. These assets and liabilities include interest rate, foreign exchange, and commodity swaps; forward commodity contracts with a fixed price component; and other OTC derivatives whose value is determined with inputs that are based on exchange traded prices, adjusted for location specific inputs that are primarily observable in the market or can be derived principally from, or corroborated by, observable market data.
Level 3: Values are generated from unobservable inputs that are supported by little or no market activity and that are a significant component of the fair value of the assets or liabilities. These unobservable inputs would reflect our own estimates of assumptions that market participants would use in pricing related assets or liabilities. Valuation techniques might include the use of pricing models, discounted cash flow models or similar techniques.
The following tables present assets and liabilities, included on our Consolidated Balance Sheets, that are recognized at fair value on a recurring basis, and indicate the fair value hierarchy utilized to determine these fair values. Assets and liabilities are classified, in their entirety, based on the lowest level of input that is a significant component of the fair value measurement. The lowest level of input is considered Level 3. Our assessment of the significance of a particular input to the fair value measurement requires judgment and may affect the classification of fair value assets and liabilities within the fair value hierarchy levels.
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Recurring fair value measurements at August 31, 2018, and 2017, are as follows:

| 2018
| Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets (Level 1) |  | Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2) |  | Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3) |  | Total
| (Dollars in thousands)
Assets: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Commodity derivatives | $ | 54,487 |  |  | $ | 259,359 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 313,846 |
Foreign currency derivatives | — |  |  | 15,401 |  |  | — |  |  | 15,401 |
Deferred compensation assets | 39,073 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 39,073 |
Embedded derivative asset | — |  |  | 23,595 |  |  | — |  |  | 23,595 |
Other assets | 5,334 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 5,334 |
Total | $ | 98,894 |  |  | $ | 298,355 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 397,249 |
Liabilities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Commodity derivatives | $ | 31,778 |  |  | $ | 389,911 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 421,689 |
Foreign currency derivatives | — |  |  | 24,701 |  |  | — |  |  | 24,701 |
Interest rate swap derivatives | — |  |  | 9,452 |  |  | — |  |  | 9,452 |
Total | $ | 31,778 |  |  | $ | 424,064 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 455,842 |

| 2017 (As Restated)
| Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets (Level 1) |  | Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2) |  | Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3) |  | Total
| (Dollars in thousands)
Assets: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Commodity derivatives | $ | 48,483 |  |  | $ | 166,866 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 215,349 |
Foreign currency derivatives | — |  |  | 8,779 |  |  | — |  |  | 8,779 |
Interest rate swap derivatives | — |  |  | 9,978 |  |  | — |  |  | 9,978 |
Deferred compensation assets | 52,414 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 52,414 |
Deferred purchase price receivable | — |  |  | — |  |  | 548,602 |  |  | 548,602 |
Embedded derivative | — |  |  | 25,533 |  |  | — |  |  | 25,533 |
Other assets | 14,846 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 14,846 |
Total | $ | 115,743 |  |  | $ | 211,156 |  |  | $ | 548,602 |  |  | $ | 875,501 |
Liabilities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Commodity derivatives | $ | 31,190 |  |  | $ | 262,140 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 293,330 |
Foreign currency derivatives | — |  |  | 19,931 |  |  | — |  |  | 19,931 |
Interest rate swap derivatives | — |  |  | 707 |  |  | — |  |  | 707 |
Total | $ | 31,190 |  |  | $ | 282,778 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 313,968 |

Commodity and foreign currency derivatives — Exchange-traded futures and options contracts are valued based on unadjusted quoted prices in active markets and are classified within Level 1. Our forward commodity purchase and sales contracts with fixed-price components, select ocean freight contracts and other OTC derivatives are determined using inputs that are generally based on exchange traded prices and/or recent market bids and offers, adjusted for location specific inputs, and are classified within Level 2. The location specific inputs are driven by local market supply and demand, and are generally based on broker or dealer quotations, or market transactions in either the listed or OTC markets. Changes in the fair values of these contracts are recognized in our Consolidated Statements of Operations as a component of cost of goods sold.
Interest rate swap derivatives — Fair values of our interest rate swap derivatives are determined utilizing valuation models that are widely accepted in the market to value these OTC derivative contracts. The specific terms of the contracts, as
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well as market observable inputs, such as interest rates and credit risk assumptions, are factored into the models. As all significant inputs are market observable, all interest rate swaps are classified within Level 2. Changes in the fair values of contracts not designated as hedging instruments for accounting purposes are recognized in our Consolidated Statements of Operations as a component of interest expense. See Note 13, Derivative Financial Instruments and Hedging Activities for additional information about interest rates swaps designated as fair value and cash flow hedges.
Deferred compensation and other assets — Our deferred compensation investments, Rabbi Trust assets and available-for-sale investments in common stock of other companies are valued based on unadjusted quoted prices on active exchanges and are classified within Level 1. Changes in the fair values of these other assets are primarily recognized in our Consolidated Statements of Operations as a component of marketing, general and administrative expenses.
Embedded derivative asset — The embedded derivative asset relates to contingent payments inherent to our investment in CF Nitrogen. The inputs used in the fair value measurement include the probability of future upgrades and downgrades of CF Industries' credit rating based on historical credit rating movements of other public companies and the discount rates applied to potential annual payments based on applicable historical and current yield coupon rates. Based on these observable inputs, our fair value measurement is classified within Level 2. See Note 13, Derivative Financial Instruments and Hedging Activities for additional information.
Deferred purchase price receivable — As described in Note 3, Receivables our Securitization Facility was amended during fiscal 2018 such that no DPP receivable remained as of August 31, 2018. The fair value of the DPP receivable as of August 31, 2017, was included in receivables, net and other assets, and was determined by discounting the expected cash flows to be received. The expected cash flows were primarily based on unobservable inputs consisting of the face amount of the Receivables adjusted for anticipated credit losses. Due to the use of significant unobservable inputs in the pricing model, including management's assumptions related to anticipated credit losses, the DPP receivable was classified as a Level 3 fair value measurement. A reconciliation of the DPP receivable for the years ended August 31, 2018, and 2017, is included in Note 3, Receivables.
Note 15 Commitments and Contingencies
Environmental
We are required to comply with various environmental laws and regulations incidental to our normal business operations. To meet our compliance requirements, we establish reserves for the probable future costs of remediation of identified issues, which are included in cost of goods sold and marketing, general and administrative in our Consolidated Statements of Operations. The resolution of any such matters may affect consolidated net income for any fiscal period; however, we believe any resulting liabilities, individually or in the aggregate, will not have a material effect on our consolidated financial position, results of operations or cash flows during any fiscal year.
Other Litigation and Claims
We are involved as a defendant in various lawsuits, claims and disputes, which are in the normal course of our business. The resolution of any such matters may affect consolidated net income for any fiscal period; however, we believe any resulting liabilities, individually or in the aggregate, will not have a material effect on our consolidated financial position, results of operations or cash flows during any fiscal year.
Guarantees
We are a guarantor for lines of credit and performance obligations of related, non-consolidated companies. Our bank covenants allow maximum guarantees of $1.0 billion, of which $122.3 million were outstanding on August 31, 2018. We have collateral for a portion of these contingent obligations. We have not recorded a liability related to the contingent obligations as we do not expect to pay out any cash related to them, and the fair values are considered immaterial. The underlying loans to the counterparties for which we provide these guarantees are current as of August 31, 2018.
Credit Commitments
CHS Capital has commitments to extend credit to customers if there is no violation of any condition established in the contracts. As of August 31, 2018, CHS Capital’s customers have additional available credit of $706.3 million.
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Lease Commitments
We lease certain property, plant and equipment used in our operations under both capital and operating lease agreements. Many leases contain renewal options and escalation clauses. Our operating leases, which are primarily for rail cars, equipment, vehicles and office space have remaining terms of one to 19 years. Total rental expense for operating leases was $88.5 million, $81.3 million and $74.7 million for the years ended August 31, 2018, 2017, and 2016, respectively.
On November 30, 2017, we completed a sale-leaseback transaction for our primary corporate office building located in Inver Grove Heights, Minnesota. Simultaneous with the closing of the sale of the building we entered into a 20-year operating lease arrangement with respect to the building, with base annual rent of approximately $3.4 million during the first year, followed by annual increases of 2% through the remainder of the lease period.
We lease certain rail cars, equipment, vehicles and other assets under capital lease arrangements. These assets are included in property, plant and equipment on our Consolidated Balance Sheets while the corresponding capital lease obligations are included in long-term debt. See Note 6, Property, Plant and Equipment and Note 8, Notes Payable and Long-Term Debt for more information about capital leases.
Minimum future lease payments required under noncancelable operating leases as of August 31, 2018, are as follows:

| (Dollars in thousands)
2019 | $ | 103,800 |
2020 | 50,653 |
2021 | 41,428 |
2022 | 29,733 |
2023 | 22,648 |
Thereafter | 103,800 |
Total minimum future lease payments | $ | 352,062 |

Unconditional Purchase Obligations
Unconditional purchase obligations are commitments to transfer funds in the future for fixed or minimum amounts or quantities of goods or services at fixed or minimum prices. Our long-term unconditional purchase obligations primarily relate to pipeline and grain handling take-or-pay and through-put agreements and are not recorded on our Consolidated Balance Sheets. As of August 31, 2018, minimum future payments required under long-term commitments that are noncancelable, and that third parties have used to secure financing for the facilities that will provide the contracted goods, are as follows:

| Payments Due by Period
| Total |  | 2019 |  | 2020 |  | 2021 |  | 2022 |  | 2023 |  | Thereafter
| (Dollars in thousands)
Long-term unconditional purchase obligations | $ | 639,010 |  |  | $ | 54,631 |  |  | $ | 57,152 |  |  | $ | 57,523 |  |  | $ | 57,947 |  |  | $ | 58,372 |  |  | $ | 353,385 |

Total payments under these arrangements were $61.4 million, $70.5 million and $88.0 million for the years ended August 31, 2018, 2017, and 2016, respectively.
Gain Contingency
As of August 31, 2018, a gain contingency resulted from applying ASC Topic 450-30, Gain Contingencies, to the facts and circumstances surrounding the potential for certain excise tax credits associated with manufacturing changes within our Energy business. The resulting gain, if recognized, will likely have a material impact on our consolidated financial statements.
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Note 16 Supplemental Cash Flow and Other Information
Additional information concerning supplemental disclosures of cash flow activities for the years ended August 31, 2018, 2017, and 2016, is included in the table below.

| 2018 |  | 2017 |  | (As Restated) 2016
| (Dollars in thousands)
Net cash paid during the period for: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Interest | $ | 148,874 |  |  | $ | 160,040 |  |  | $ | 147,089 |
Income taxes | 13,410 |  |  | 14,571 |  |  | 5,184 |
Other significant noncash investing and financing transactions: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Notes receivable reacquired under Securitization Facility | 615,089 |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Trade receivables reacquired under Securitization Facility | 402,421 |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Securitized debt reacquired under Securitization Facility | 634,000 |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Deferred purchase price receivable extinguished under Securitization Facility | 386,900 |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Notes receivable sold under Securitization Facility | — |  |  | 747,345 |  |  | — |
Securitized debt extinguished under Securitization Facility | — |  |  | 554,000 |  |  | — |
Deferred purchase price receivable recognized under Securitization Facility | — |  |  | 547,553 |  |  | — |
Land and improvements received for notes receivable | — |  |  | 138,699 |  |  | — |
Capital expenditures and major repairs incurred but not yet paid | 53,453 |  |  | 22,490 |  |  | 44,307 |
Capital lease obligations incurred | 396 |  |  | 6,832 |  |  | 23,921 |
Capital equity certificates redeemed with preferred stock | — |  |  | 19,985 |  |  | 76,756 |
Capital equity certificates issued in exchange for Ag acquisitions | — |  |  | 2,928 |  |  | 19,089 |
Accrual of dividends and equities payable | 153,941 |  |  | 12,121 |  |  | 162,439 |

Note 17 Related Party Transactions
Related party transactions with equity investees, primarily CF Nitrogen, TEMCO, Ardent Mills and Ventura Foods for the years ended August 31, 2018, 2017, and 2016, respectively, and balances as of August 31, 2018, and 2017, respectively, are as follows:

| 2018 |  | 2017 |  | 2016
| (Dollars in thousands)
Sales | $ | 2,928,984 |  |  | $ | 3,183,944 |  |  | $ | 2,728,793 |
Purchases | 2,505,185 |  |  | 2,610,887 |  |  | 1,707,990 |

| 2018 |  | 2017
| (Dollars in thousands)
Due from related parties | $ | 31,063 |  |  | $ | 33,119 |
Due to related parties | 52,284 |  |  | 39,232 |

As a cooperative, we are owned by farmers and ranchers and their member cooperatives, which are referred to as members. We buy commodities from and provide products and services to our members. Individually, our members do not have a significant ownership in CHS.
Note 18 Quarterly Financial Information (Unaudited)
As further described in Note 2, Restatement of Previously Issued Consolidated Financial Statements, the previously reported financial information for the quarters ended November 30, 2017 and 2016, February 28, 2018 and 2017, May 31, 2018 and 2017, and August 31, 2017, have been restated. Relevant restated financial information for the first, second and third quarters of fiscal 2018 is included in this Annual Report on Form 10-K in the tables that follow. The unaudited interim financial
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statements reflect all adjustments which are, in the opinion of management, necessary for a fair statement of the results for the interim periods presented. Although misstatements impacted individual line items within operating cash flows, the quarterly cash flow information classification between operating, investing and financing activities for these periods was not materially impacted by the misstatements and has not been presented. Restated amounts are computed independently each quarter; therefore, the sum of the quarterly amounts may not equal the total amount for the respective year due to rounding.
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CHS INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS
(Unaudited)

| (As Restated)
| As of November 30, 2017 |  | As of February 28, 2018 |  | As of May 31, 2018
| (Dollars in thousands)
ASSETS |  |  |  |  |
Current assets: |  |  |  |  |  |
Cash and cash equivalents | $ | 249,767 |  |  | $ | 219,273 |  |  | $ | 533,887 |
Receivables | 2,058,222 |  |  | 1,836,490 |  |  | 2,248,213 |
Inventories | 3,111,963 |  |  | 3,676,325 |  |  | 2,913,507 |
Derivative assets | 166,557 |  |  | 251,048 |  |  | 250,005 |
Margin and related deposits | 206,955 |  |  | 188,167 |  |  | 253,141 |
Supplier advance payments | 542,770 |  |  | 658,815 |  |  | 426,607 |
Other current assets | 270,674 |  |  | 296,982 |  |  | 190,680 |
Total current assets | 6,606,908 |  |  | 7,127,100 |  |  | 6,816,040 |
Investments | 3,777,000 |  |  | 3,752,876 |  |  | 3,787,163 |
Property, plant and equipment | 5,266,408 |  |  | 5,179,868 |  |  | 5,140,106 |
Other assets | 997,402 |  |  | 943,552 |  |  | 960,240 |
Total assets | $ | 16,647,718 |  |  | $ | 17,003,396 |  |  | $ | 16,703,549 |
LIABILITIES AND EQUITIES |  |  |  |  |
Current liabilities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Notes payable | $ | 2,480,264 |  |  | $ | 3,071,639 |  |  | $ | 2,868,506 |
Current portion of long-term debt | 71,022 |  |  | 46,290 |  |  | 53,056 |
Customer margin deposits and credit balances | 139,868 |  |  | 106,323 |  |  | 137,999 |
Customer advance payments | 413,519 |  |  | 756,642 |  |  | 372,590 |
Accounts payable | 2,444,650 |  |  | 1,853,974 |  |  | 1,898,172 |
Derivative liabilities | 207,426 |  |  | 361,909 |  |  | 316,831 |
Accrued expenses | 425,912 |  |  | 465,032 |  |  | 538,249 |
Dividends and equities payable | 121,209 |  |  | 128,700 |  |  | 209,718 |
Total current liabilities | 6,303,870 |  |  | 6,790,509 |  |  | 6,395,121 |
Long-term debt | 1,936,744 |  |  | 1,915,843 |  |  | 1,905,515 |
Long-term deferred tax liabilities | 348,902 |  |  | 165,659 |  |  | 203,208 |
Other liabilities | 315,254 |  |  | 265,028 |  |  | 278,869 |
Commitments and contingencies (Note 15) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Equities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Preferred stock | 2,264,038 |  |  | 2,264,038 |  |  | 2,264,038 |
Equity certificates | 4,319,840 |  |  | 4,307,292 |  |  | 4,253,414 |
Accumulated other comprehensive loss | (177,341 | ) |  | (167,230 | ) |  | (167,302 | )
Capital reserves | 1,324,372 |  |  | 1,450,326 |  |  | 1,559,040 |
Total CHS Inc. equities | 7,730,909 |  |  | 7,854,426 |  |  | 7,909,190 |
Noncontrolling interests | 12,039 |  |  | 11,931 |  |  | 11,646 |
Total equities | 7,742,948 |  |  | 7,866,357 |  |  | 7,920,836 |
Total liabilities and equities | $ | 16,647,718 |  |  | $ | 17,003,396 |  |  | $ | 16,703,549 |

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CHS INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS
(Unaudited)

| (As Restated)
| As of November 30, 2016 |  | As of February 28, 2017 |  | As of May 31, 2017
| (Dollars in thousands)
ASSETS |  |  |  |  |
Current assets: |  |  |  |  |  |
Cash and cash equivalents | $ | 516,646 |  |  | $ | 276,137 |  |  | $ | 266,748 |
Receivables | 3,034,083 |  |  | 2,767,150 |  |  | 2,767,967 |
Inventories | 3,143,551 |  |  | 3,730,682 |  |  | 2,688,949 |
Derivative assets | 277,498 |  |  | 233,429 |  |  | 206,187 |
Margin and related deposits | 312,899 |  |  | 290,291 |  |  | 251,695 |
Supplier advance payments | 476,907 |  |  | 701,705 |  |  | 431,433 |
Other current assets | 187,524 |  |  | 196,237 |  |  | 265,469 |
Total current assets | 7,949,108 |  |  | 8,195,631 |  |  | 6,878,448 |
Investments | 3,828,899 |  |  | 3,802,379 |  |  | 3,841,749 |
Property, plant and equipment | 5,443,079 |  |  | 5,404,347 |  |  | 5,405,651 |
Other assets | 1,054,454 |  |  | 1,056,873 |  |  | 955,532 |
Total assets | $ | 18,275,540 |  |  | $ | 18,459,230 |  |  | $ | 17,081,380 |
LIABILITIES AND EQUITIES |  |  |  |  |
Current liabilities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Notes payable | $ | 3,227,564 |  |  | $ | 3,867,438 |  |  | $ | 3,321,808 |
Current portion of long-term debt | 206,894 |  |  | 205,136 |  |  | 193,096 |
Customer margin deposits and credit balances | 180,850 |  |  | 149,625 |  |  | 132,479 |
Customer advance payments | 543,411 |  |  | 897,464 |  |  | 391,122 |
Accounts payable | 2,574,006 |  |  | 1,919,421 |  |  | 1,865,803 |
Derivative liabilities | 282,658 |  |  | 232,507 |  |  | 233,955 |
Accrued expenses | 397,446 |  |  | 392,058 |  |  | 436,111 |
Dividends and equities payable | 239,857 |  |  | 131,380 |  |  | 134,718 |
Total current liabilities | 7,652,686 |  |  | 7,795,029 |  |  | 6,709,092 |
Long-term debt | 1,958,907 |  |  | 2,051,567 |  |  | 2,046,264 |
Long-term deferred tax liabilities | 511,821 |  |  | 531,522 |  |  | 369,170 |
Other liabilities | 332,610 |  |  | 272,532 |  |  | 276,483 |
Commitments and contingencies (Note 15) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Equities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Preferred stock | 2,244,132 |  |  | 2,244,114 |  |  | 2,264,063 |
Equity certificates | 4,194,534 |  |  | 4,201,803 |  |  | 4,214,657 |
Accumulated other comprehensive loss | (224,935 | ) |  | (211,091 | ) |  | (208,568 | )
Capital reserves | 1,592,434 |  |  | 1,560,498 |  |  | 1,397,834 |
Total CHS Inc. equities | 7,806,165 |  |  | 7,795,324 |  |  | 7,667,986 |
Noncontrolling interests | 13,351 |  |  | 13,256 |  |  | 12,385 |
Total equities | 7,819,516 |  |  | 7,808,580 |  |  | 7,680,371 |
Total liabilities and equities | $ | 18,275,540 |  |  | $ | 18,459,230 |  |  | $ | 17,081,380 |

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CHS INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS
(Unaudited)

| (As Restated) |  |
| Three Months Ended |  | Three Months Ended |  | Six Months Ended |  | Three Months Ended |  | Nine Months Ended |  | Three Months Ended
| November 30, 2017 |  | February 28, 2018 |  | February 28, 2018 |  | May 31, 2018 |  | May 31, 2018 |  | August 31, 2018
| (Dollars in thousands)
Revenues | $ | 8,031,884 |  |  | $ | 6,980,153 |  |  | $ | 15,012,037 |  |  | $ | 9,087,328 |  |  | $ | 24,099,365 |  |  | $ | 8,583,982 |
Cost of goods sold | 7,711,057 |  |  | 6,844,849 |  |  | 14,555,906 |  |  | 8,841,361 |  |  | 23,397,267 |  |  | 8,192,620 |
Gross profit | 320,827 |  |  | 135,304 |  |  | 456,131 |  |  | 245,967 |  |  | 702,098 |  |  | 391,362 |
Marketing, general and administrative | 139,500 |  |  | 186,713 |  |  | 326,213 |  |  | 161,579 |  |  | 487,792 |  |  | 186,291 |
Reserve and impairment charges (recoveries), net | (3,787 | ) |  | (11,346 | ) |  | (15,133 | ) |  | (3,811 | ) |  | (18,944 | ) |  | (18,765 | )
Operating earnings (loss) | 185,114 |  |  | (40,063 | ) |  | 145,051 |  |  | 88,199 |  |  | 233,250 |  |  | 223,836 |
(Gain) loss on disposal of business | — |  |  | (7,705 | ) |  | (7,705 | ) |  | (124,050 | ) |  | (131,755 | ) |  | (61 | )
Interest expense | 40,702 |  |  | 40,176 |  |  | 80,878 |  |  | 49,340 |  |  | 130,218 |  |  | 18,984 |
Other (income) loss | (25,014 | ) |  | (11,364 | ) |  | (36,378 | ) |  | (14,622 | ) |  | (51,000 | ) |  | (27,015 | )
Equity (income) loss from investments | (38,362 | ) |  | (39,441 | ) |  | (77,803 | ) |  | (59,308 | ) |  | (137,111 | ) |  | (16,404 | )
Income (loss) before income taxes | 207,788 |  |  | (21,729 | ) |  | 186,059 |  |  | 236,839 |  |  | 422,898 |  |  | 248,332 |
Income tax expense (benefit) | 20,606 |  |  | (187,688 | ) |  | (167,082 | ) |  | 55,219 |  |  | (111,863 | ) |  | 7,787 |
Net income (loss) | 187,182 |  |  | 165,959 |  |  | 353,141 |  |  | 181,620 |  |  | 534,761 |  |  | 240,545 |
Net income (loss) attributable to noncontrolling interests | (464 | ) |  | (48 | ) |  | (512 | ) |  | (187 | ) |  | (699 | ) |  | 98 |
Net income (loss) attributable to CHS Inc. | $ | 187,646 |  |  | $ | 166,007 |  |  | $ | 353,653 |  |  | $ | 181,807 |  |  | $ | 535,460 |  |  | $ | 240,447 |

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CHS INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS
(Unaudited)

| (As Restated)
| Three Months Ended |  | Three Months Ended |  | Six Months Ended |  | Three Months Ended |  | Nine Months Ended |  | Three Months Ended
| November 30, 2016 |  | February 28, 2017 |  | February 28, 2017 |  | May 31, 2017 |  | May 31, 2017 |  | August 31, 2017
| (Dollars in thousands)
Revenues | $ | 8,001,904 |  |  | $ | 7,400,773 |  |  | $ | 15,402,677 |  |  | $ | 8,638,410 |  |  | $ | 24,041,087 |  |  | $ | 7,996,339 |
Cost of goods sold | 7,655,524 |  |  | 7,165,265 |  |  | 14,820,789 |  |  | 8,417,264 |  |  | 23,238,053 |  |  | 7,904,713 |
Gross profit | 346,380 |  |  | 235,508 |  |  | 581,888 |  |  | 221,146 |  |  | 803,034 |  |  | 91,626 |
Marketing, general and administrative | 151,258 |  |  | 160,166 |  |  | 311,424 |  |  | 155,347 |  |  | 466,771 |  |  | 145,236 |
Reserve and impairment charges (recoveries), net | 18,357 |  |  | 72,373 |  |  | 90,730 |  |  | 326,779 |  |  | 417,509 |  |  | 39,170 |
Operating earnings (loss) | 176,765 |  |  | 2,969 |  |  | 179,734 |  |  | (260,980 | ) |  | (81,246 | ) |  | (92,780 | )
(Gain) loss on disposal of business | 4,105 |  |  | (1,395 | ) |  | 2,710 |  |  | (1,224 | ) |  | 1,486 |  |  | 704 |
Interest expense | 38,265 |  |  | 39,945 |  |  | 78,210 |  |  | 39,201 |  |  | 117,411 |  |  | 53,828 |
Other (income) loss | (44,509 | ) |  | (18,083 | ) |  | (62,592 | ) |  | (11,952 | ) |  | (74,544 | ) |  | (25,407 | )
Equity (income) loss from investments | (40,328 | ) |  | (35,800 | ) |  | (76,128 | ) |  | (48,393 | ) |  | (124,521 | ) |  | (12,817 | )
Income (loss) before income taxes | 219,232 |  |  | 18,302 |  |  | 237,534 |  |  | (238,612 | ) |  | (1,078 | ) |  | (109,088 | )
Income tax expense (benefit) | 16,076 |  |  | 3,685 |  |  | 19,761 |  |  | (166,124 | ) |  | (146,363 | ) |  | (34,761 | )
Net income (loss) | 203,156 |  |  | 14,617 |  |  | 217,773 |  |  | (72,488 | ) |  | 145,285 |  |  | (74,327 | )
Net income (loss) attributable to noncontrolling interests | (208 | ) |  | 406 |  |  | 198 |  |  | (955 | ) |  | (757 | ) |  | 123 |
Net income (loss) attributable to CHS Inc. | $ | 203,364 |  |  | $ | 14,211 |  |  | $ | 217,575 |  |  | $ | (71,533 | ) |  | $ | 146,042 |  |  | $ | (74,450 | )

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CHS INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME
(Unaudited)

| (As Restated) |  |
| Three Months Ended |  | Three Months Ended |  | Six Months Ended |  | Three Months Ended |  | Nine Months Ended |  | Three Months Ended
| November 30, 2017 |  | February 28, 2018 |  | February 28, 2018 |  | May 31, 2018 |  | May 31, 2018 |  | August 31, 2018
| (Dollars in thousands)
Net income (loss) | $ | 187,182 |  |  | $ | 165,959 |  |  | $ | 353,141 |  |  | $ | 181,620 |  |  | $ | 534,761 |  |  | $ | 240,545 |
Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Postretirement benefit plan activity | 1,594 |  |  | 3,142 |  |  | 4,736 |  |  | 3,417 |  |  | 8,153 |  |  | 11,913 |
Unrealized net gain (loss) on available for sale investments | 3,640 |  |  | 3,554 |  |  | 7,194 |  |  | 6,286 |  |  | 13,480 |  |  | (16,628 | )
Cash flow hedges | (4 | ) |  | 1,063 |  |  | 1,059 |  |  | 413 |  |  | 1,472 |  |  | 1,068 |
Foreign currency translation adjustment | (2,211 | ) |  | 2,352 |  |  | 141 |  |  | (10,188 | ) |  | (10,047 | ) |  | (1,974 | )
Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax | 3,019 |  |  | 10,111 |  |  | 13,130 |  |  | (72 | ) |  | 13,058 |  |  | (5,621 | )
Comprehensive income | 190,201 |  |  | 176,070 |  |  | 366,271 |  |  | 181,548 |  |  | 547,819 |  |  | 234,924 |
Less comprehensive income attributable to noncontrolling interests | (464 | ) |  | (48 | ) |  | (512 | ) |  | (187 | ) |  | (699 | ) |  | 98 |
Comprehensive income attributable to CHS Inc. | $ | 190,665 |  |  | $ | 176,118 |  |  | $ | 366,783 |  |  | $ | 181,735 |  |  | $ | 548,518 |  |  | $ | 234,826 |

| (As Restated)
| Three Months Ended |  | Three Months Ended |  | Six Months Ended |  | Three Months Ended |  | Nine Months Ended |  | Three Months Ended
| November 30, 2016 |  | February 28, 2017 |  | February 28, 2017 |  | May 31, 2017 |  | May 31, 2017 |  | August 31, 2017
| (Dollars in thousands)
Net income (loss) | $ | 203,156 |  |  | $ | 14,617 |  |  | $ | 217,773 |  |  | $ | (72,488 | ) |  | $ | 145,285 |  |  | $ | (74,327 | )
Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Postretirement benefit plan activity | 3,239 |  |  | 3,724 |  |  | 6,963 |  |  | 3,636 |  |  | 10,599 |  |  | 22,103 |
Unrealized net gain (loss) on available for sale investments | 777 |  |  | 968 |  |  | 1,745 |  |  | (118 | ) |  | 1,627 |  |  | 2,758 |
Cash flow hedges | 654 |  |  | 964 |  |  | 1,618 |  |  | 375 |  |  | 1,993 |  |  | 249 |
Foreign currency translation adjustment | (18,075 | ) |  | 8,187 |  |  | (9,888 | ) |  | (1,369 | ) |  | (11,257 | ) |  | 3,098 |
Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax | (13,405 | ) |  | 13,843 |  |  | 438 |  |  | 2,524 |  |  | 2,962 |  |  | 28,208 |
Comprehensive income | 189,751 |  |  | 28,460 |  |  | 218,211 |  |  | (69,964 | ) |  | 148,247 |  |  | (46,119 | )
Less comprehensive income attributable to noncontrolling interests | (208 | ) |  | 406 |  |  | 198 |  |  | (955 | ) |  | (757 | ) |  | 123 |
Comprehensive income attributable to CHS Inc. | $ | 189,959 |  |  | $ | 28,054 |  |  | $ | 218,013 |  |  | $ | (69,009 | ) |  | $ | 149,004 |  |  | $ | (46,242 | )

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Reclassifications
Amounts previously included within (gain) loss on investments were reclassified into other (income) loss to conform to the current period presentation. This reclassification had no impact on our previously reported net income, cash flows or shareholders' equity and represents reclassifications for the periods ended November 30, 2017 and 2016, and February 28, 2018 and 2017. The reclassifications included a $2.8 million gain reclassification during the three months ended November 30, 2017, a $4.1 million gain reclassification during the three months ended February 28, 2018, a $7.4 million loss during the three months ended November 30, 2016, and a $2.9 million gain during the three months ended February 28, 2017.
Consolidated financial statement adjustment tables
The following tables present the impacts of the restatement adjustments to the previously reported financial information for the quarterly periods ended November 30, 2017 and 2016, February 28, 2018 and 2017, May 31, 2018 and 2017, and August 31, 2017. Refer to discussion in Note 2, Restatement of Previously Issued Consolidated Financial Statements. The restatement references identified in the following tables directly correlate to the restatement adjustments detailed below.
The categories of restatement adjustments and their impact on previously reported consolidated financial statements are described below.
(a) Freight Derivatives and Related Misstatements - Corrections for freight derivatives and related misstatements were driven by the misstatement of amounts associated with both the value and quantity of rail freight contracts, as well as due to freight contracts not meeting the technical accounting requirements to qualify as derivative financial instruments. In addition to the elimination of the underlying freight derivative assets and liabilities and related impacts on revenues and cost of goods sold, additional adjustments were recorded to account for prepaid freight capacity balances in relevant periods and the impact of a goodwill impairment charge recorded during fiscal 2015 for goodwill held within our Grain Marketing reporting unit which was triggered by the lowering of earnings due to the restatement. Additional details related to the impact of the freight derivatives and related misstatements and their impact on each period are discussed in restatement reference (a).
(b) Intercompany Misstatements - As a result of the work performed in relation to the freight misstatement, additional misstatements related to the incorrect elimination of intercompany balances were also identified and corrected within the consolidated financial statements. Certain of these intercompany misstatements resulted in a misstatement of various financial statement line items; however, the intercompany misstatements did not result in a material misstatement of income (loss) before income taxes or net income (loss). Additional details related to the impact of the intercompany misstatements and their impact on each period are discussed in restatement reference (b).
(c) Other Misstatements - We made adjustments for other previously identified misstatements unrelated to the freight derivatives and related misstatements that were not material, individually or in the aggregate, to our consolidated financial statements. These other misstatements related primarily to certain misclassifications, adjustments to revenues and cost of goods sold, and adjustments to various income tax and indirect tax accrual accounts. Additional details related to the impact of the other misstatements and their impact on each period are discussed in restatement reference (c).
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Table of Contents
CHS INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS
(Unaudited)

| As of November 30, 2017 |  | As of November 30, 2016 |  |
| As Previously Reported |  | Restatement Adjustments |  | As Restated |  | As Previously Reported |  | Restatement Adjustments |  | As Restated |  | Restatement References
| (Dollars in thousands) |  |
ASSETS |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Current assets: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Cash and cash equivalents | $ | 252,129 |  |  | $ | (2,362 | ) |  | $ | 249,767 |  |  | $ | 515,484 |  |  | $ | 1,162 |  |  | $ | 516,646 |  |  | b, c
Receivables | 2,059,623 |  |  | (1,401 | ) |  | 2,058,222 |  |  | 3,052,989 |  |  | (18,906 | ) |  | 3,034,083 |  |  | a, b, c
Inventories | 3,046,101 |  |  | 65,862 |  |  | 3,111,963 |  |  | 3,117,935 |  |  | 25,616 |  |  | 3,143,551 |  |  | c
Derivative assets | 283,256 |  |  | (116,699 | ) |  | 166,557 |  |  | 419,103 |  |  | (141,605 | ) |  | 277,498 |  |  | a, c
Margin and related deposits | 206,955 |  |  | — |  |  | 206,955 |  |  | 312,899 |  |  | — |  |  | 312,899 |  |  |
Supplier advance payments | 542,139 |  |  | 631 |  |  | 542,770 |  |  | 480,709 |  |  | (3,802 | ) |  | 476,907 |  |  | b
Other current assets | 289,250 |  |  | (18,576 | ) |  | 270,674 |  |  | 189,896 |  |  | (2,372 | ) |  | 187,524 |  |  | a, c
Total current assets | 6,679,453 |  |  | (72,545 | ) |  | 6,606,908 |  |  | 8,089,015 |  |  | (139,907 | ) |  | 7,949,108 |  |  |
Investments | 3,777,000 |  |  | — |  |  | 3,777,000 |  |  | 3,828,899 |  |  | — |  |  | 3,828,899 |  |  |
Property, plant and equipment | 5,266,408 |  |  | — |  |  | 5,266,408 |  |  | 5,443,079 |  |  | — |  |  | 5,443,079 |  |  |
Other assets | 1,061,562 |  |  | (64,160 | ) |  | 997,402 |  |  | 1,069,468 |  |  | (15,014 | ) |  | 1,054,454 |  |  | a
Total assets | $ | 16,784,423 |  |  | $ | (136,705 | ) |  | $ | 16,647,718 |  |  | $ | 18,430,461 |  |  | $ | (154,921 | ) |  | $ | 18,275,540 |  |  |
LIABILITIES AND EQUITIES |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Current liabilities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Notes payable | $ | 2,480,264 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 2,480,264 |  |  | $ | 3,227,564 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 3,227,564 |  |  |
Current portion of long-term debt | 71,022 |  |  | — |  |  | 71,022 |  |  | 206,894 |  |  | — |  |  | 206,894 |  |  |
Customer margin deposits and credit balances | 139,868 |  |  | — |  |  | 139,868 |  |  | 180,850 |  |  | — |  |  | 180,850 |  |  |
Customer advance payments | 414,441 |  |  | (922 | ) |  | 413,519 |  |  | 544,266 |  |  | (855 | ) |  | 543,411 |  |  | b, c
Accounts payable | 2,380,998 |  |  | 63,652 |  |  | 2,444,650 |  |  | 2,568,533 |  |  | 5,473 |  |  | 2,574,006 |  |  | a, b, c
Derivative liabilities | 226,279 |  |  | (18,853 | ) |  | 207,426 |  |  | 317,505 |  |  | (34,847 | ) |  | 282,658 |  |  | a, c
Accrued expenses | 409,522 |  |  | 16,390 |  |  | 425,912 |  |  | 389,321 |  |  | 8,125 |  |  | 397,446 |  |  | a, c
Dividends and equities payable | 121,209 |  |  | — |  |  | 121,209 |  |  | 275,448 |  |  | (35,591 | ) |  | 239,857 |  |  | b, c
Total current liabilities | 6,243,603 |  |  | 60,267 |  |  | 6,303,870 |  |  | 7,710,381 |  |  | (57,695 | ) |  | 7,652,686 |  |  |
Long-term debt | 1,936,744 |  |  | — |  |  | 1,936,744 |  |  | 1,958,907 |  |  | — |  |  | 1,958,907 |  |  |
Long-term deferred tax liabilities | 350,841 |  |  | (1,939 | ) |  | 348,902 |  |  | 497,283 |  |  | 14,538 |  |  | 511,821 |  |  | a, c
Other liabilities | 315,460 |  |  | (206 | ) |  | 315,254 |  |  | 332,610 |  |  | — |  |  | 332,610 |  |  |
Commitments and contingencies (Note 15) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Equities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Preferred stock | 2,264,038 |  |  | — |  |  | 2,264,038 |  |  | 2,244,132 |  |  | — |  |  | 2,244,132 |  |  |
Equity certificates | 4,319,840 |  |  | — |  |  | 4,319,840 |  |  | 4,208,336 |  |  | (13,802 | ) |  | 4,194,534 |  |  | b
Accumulated other comprehensive loss | (178,445 | ) |  | 1,104 |  |  | (177,341 | ) |  | (226,220 | ) |  | 1,285 |  |  | (224,935 | ) |  | a
Capital reserves | 1,520,218 |  |  | (195,846 | ) |  | 1,324,372 |  |  | 1,691,603 |  |  | (99,169 | ) |  | 1,592,434 |  |  | a, b, c
Total CHS Inc. equities | 7,925,651 |  |  | (194,742 | ) |  | 7,730,909 |  |  | 7,917,851 |  |  | (111,686 | ) |  | 7,806,165 |  |  |
Noncontrolling interests | 12,124 |  |  | (85 | ) |  | 12,039 |  |  | 13,429 |  |  | (78 | ) |  | 13,351 |  |  | a
Total equities | 7,937,775 |  |  | (194,827 | ) |  | 7,742,948 |  |  | 7,931,280 |  |  | (111,764 | ) |  | 7,819,516 |  |  |
Total liabilities and equities | $ | 16,784,423 |  |  | $ | (136,705 | ) |  | $ | 16,647,718 |  |  | $ | 18,430,461 |  |  | $ | (154,921 | ) |  | $ | 18,275,540 |  |  |

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Table of Contents
As of November 30, 2017
Freight derivatives and related misstatements
(a) The correction of freight derivatives and related misstatements resulted in a $171.7 million reduction of total assets, a $38.6 million reduction of current liabilities, a $30.2 million increase of long-term liabilities and a $163.2 million reduction of total equities. The reduction of total assets related primarily to the elimination of $116.8 million of current derivative assets and a $49.2 million reduction of long-term derivative assets that had been recorded as assets on the Consolidated Balance Sheet as well as an approximate $16.0 million reduction of goodwill associated with a goodwill impairment charge recorded during fiscal 2015 The decreases of total assets were partially offset by related adjustments, including an $8.5 million increase of prepaid income taxes resulting from the income tax impact of the freight misstatement and the recognition of a $1.1 million prepaid freight capacity balance. The decrease of total current liabilities related primarily to a $16.5 million reduction of current derivative liabilities and a $22.2 million reduction of income taxes payable resulting from the income tax effect of the freight misstatement. The increase of long-term liabilities resulted from a $30.2 million increase of long-term deferred tax liabilities. The decrease of total equities related primarily to the elimination of the derivative assets and liabilities described above and the related income tax impacts, as well as the reduction of goodwill associated with the goodwill impairment charge recorded during fiscal 2015.
Intercompany misstatements
(b) The correction of intercompany misstatements resulted in a $3.4 million reduction of total assets and a $3.4 million reduction of current liabilities due to different practices of eliminating intercompany balances between CHS's businesses which existed in previous periods.
Other misstatements
(c) Adjustments for other misstatements related primarily to misclassifications between line items included within the Consolidated Balance Sheets, as well as the impact of income tax adjustments on income tax accounts, including prepaid income taxes, income taxes payable and deferred income taxes. The misclassification adjustments arose primarily due to the application of differing accounting policies between businesses and collectively with the income tax adjustments resulted in a $38.4 million increase of total assets, a $102.3 million increase of current liabilities, a $32.3 million decrease of long-term liabilities and a $31.6 million decrease of total equities.
The increase of total assets related primarily to a $67.5 million increase of inventories that resulted from a misclassification adjustment related to $67.5 million previously included as a contra-inventory balance moving to accounts payable. The increase related to inventories was partially offset by a $28.1 million decrease of other current assets that resulted from the reduction of prepaid income taxes associated with the correction of other misstatements identified during fiscal 2018 and other periods.
The increase of current liabilities related primarily to a $67.5 million increase of accounts payable that resulted from a misclassification adjustment for amounts previously included as a contra-inventory balance to accounts payable and a $38.6 million increase of accrued expenses. The increase of accrued expenses related to the recognition of a $24.9 million accrued income tax balance associated with the correction of other misstatements identified during fiscal 2018 and other periods, as well as the recognition of $13.7 million of accrued expense related to the use of a unit of measure assumption in the calculation of an excise tax credit that was changed during fiscal 2018. Long-term liabilities decreased primarily as a result of a $32.1 million decrease of long-term deferred tax liabilities related to the correction of other misstatements identified during fiscal 2018 and other periods.
The $31.6 million decrease of total equities related primarily to the impacts associated with the $20.6 million net impact on income tax accounts and the recognition of an additional $13.7 million of accrued expense related to the use of a unit of measure assumption in the calculation of an excise tax credit that was changed during fiscal 2018.
F-69

Table of Contents
As of November 30, 2016
Freight derivatives and related misstatements
(a) The correction of freight derivatives and related misstatements resulted in a $145.5 million reduction of total assets, a $47.0 million reduction of current liabilities, a $15.5 million increase of long-term liabilities and a $114.0 million reduction of total equities. The reduction of total assets related primarily to the elimination of $141.0 million of current derivative assets that had been incorrectly recorded as assets on the Consolidated Balance Sheet and an approximate $16.0 million reduction of goodwill associated with a goodwill impairment charge recorded during fiscal 2015. The decreases of total assets were partially offset by related adjustments, including a $4.0 million increase of receivables, a $5.7 million increase of prepaid income taxes resulting from the income tax impact of the freight misstatement and the recognition of a $0.9 million prepaid freight capacity balance. The decrease of total current liabilities related primarily to a $35.0 million reduction of current derivative liabilities and a $20.7 million reduction of income taxes payable resulting from the income tax effect of the freight misstatement. These decreases of current liabilities were partially offset by an $8.7 million increase of accounts payable. The increase of long-term liabilities resulted from a $15.5 million increase of long-term deferred tax liabilities. The decrease of total equities related primarily to the elimination of the derivative assets and liabilities described above and the related income tax impacts, as well as the reduction of goodwill associated with the goodwill impairment charge recorded during fiscal 2015.
Intercompany misstatements
(b) The correction of intercompany misstatements resulted in a $73.3 million reduction of total assets, an $85.4 million reduction of current liabilities and a $12.1 million increase of total equities due to different practices of eliminating intercompany balances between CHS's businesses which existed in previous periods.
Other misstatements
(c) Adjustments for other misstatements related primarily to misclassifications between line items included within the Consolidated Balance Sheets, as well as the impact of income tax adjustments on income tax accounts, including prepaid income taxes, income taxes payable and deferred income taxes. The misclassification adjustments arose primarily due to the application of differing accounting policies between businesses and collectively with the income tax adjustments resulted in a $63.9 million increase of total assets, a $74.6 million increase of current liabilities, a $0.9 million decrease of long-term liabilities and a $9.9 million decrease of total equities.
The increase of total assets related primarily to a misclassification adjustment for $73.8 million previously included as a contra-inventory balance moving to accounts payable. The increased inventories were partially offset by a $48.2 million reduction of inventory related to a misclassification adjustment for certain collateral moving from inventory to receivables.
The increase of total liabilities relates primarily to a misclassification adjustment for $73.8 million previously included as a contra-inventory balance moving to accounts payable.
The $9.9 million decrease of total equities relates primarily to the $28.8 million net impact on income tax accounts and the recognition of $8.1 million of accrued expense related to the use of a unit of measure assumption in the calculation of an excise tax credit that was changed during fiscal 2018. The overall decrease in total equities was partially offset by an increase that arose from a $27.9 million timing difference for the accrual of dividends and equities payable.
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Table of Contents
CHS INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS
(Unaudited)

| As of February 28, 2018 |  | As of February 28, 2017 |  |
| As Previously Reported |  | Restatement Adjustments |  | As Restated |  | As Previously Reported |  | Restatement Adjustments |  | As Restated |  | Restatement References
| (Dollars in thousands) |  |
ASSETS |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Current assets: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Cash and cash equivalents | $ | 190,426 |  |  | $ | 28,847 |  |  | $ | 219,273 |  |  | $ | 249,801 |  |  | $ | 26,336 |  |  | $ | 276,137 |  |  | b, c
Receivables | 1,765,640 |  |  | 70,850 |  |  | 1,836,490 |  |  | 2,697,699 |  |  | 69,451 |  |  | 2,767,150 |  |  | a, b, c
Inventories | 3,650,158 |  |  | 26,167 |  |  | 3,676,325 |  |  | 3,752,218 |  |  | (21,536 | ) |  | 3,730,682 |  |  | c
Derivative assets | 429,625 |  |  | (178,577 | ) |  | 251,048 |  |  | 386,613 |  |  | (153,184 | ) |  | 233,429 |  |  | a, c
Margin and related deposits | 188,167 |  |  | — |  |  | 188,167 |  |  | 290,291 |  |  | — |  |  | 290,291 |  |  |
Supplier advance payments | 658,815 |  |  | — |  |  | 658,815 |  |  | 701,705 |  |  | — |  |  | 701,705 |  |  | b
Other current assets | 310,674 |  |  | (13,692 | ) |  | 296,982 |  |  | 200,288 |  |  | (4,051 | ) |  | 196,237 |  |  | a, c
Total current assets | 7,193,505 |  |  | (66,405 | ) |  | 7,127,100 |  |  | 8,278,615 |  |  | (82,984 | ) |  | 8,195,631 |  |  |
Investments | 3,752,876 |  |  | — |  |  | 3,752,876 |  |  | 3,802,379 |  |  | — |  |  | 3,802,379 |  |  |
Property, plant and equipment | 5,179,868 |  |  | — |  |  | 5,179,868 |  |  | 5,404,347 |  |  | — |  |  | 5,404,347 |  |  |
Other assets | 958,613 |  |  | (15,061 | ) |  | 943,552 |  |  | 1,072,824 |  |  | (15,951 | ) |  | 1,056,873 |  |  | a
Total assets | $ | 17,084,862 |  |  | $ | (81,466 | ) |  | $ | 17,003,396 |  |  | $ | 18,558,165 |  |  | $ | (98,935 | ) |  | $ | 18,459,230 |  |  |
LIABILITIES AND EQUITIES |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Current liabilities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Notes payable | $ | 2,993,456 |  |  | $ | 78,183 |  |  | $ | 3,071,639 |  |  | $ | 3,867,438 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 3,867,438 |  |  | c
Current portion of long-term debt | 46,290 |  |  | — |  |  | 46,290 |  |  | 205,136 |  |  | — |  |  | 205,136 |  |  |
Customer margin deposits and credit balances | 106,323 |  |  | — |  |  | 106,323 |  |  | 149,625 |  |  | — |  |  | 149,625 |  |  |
Customer advance payments | 727,535 |  |  | 29,107 |  |  | 756,642 |  |  | 871,370 |  |  | 26,094 |  |  | 897,464 |  |  | b, c
Accounts payable | 1,835,289 |  |  | 18,685 |  |  | 1,853,974 |  |  | 1,877,040 |  |  | 42,381 |  |  | 1,919,421 |  |  | a, b, c
Derivative liabilities | 372,406 |  |  | (10,497 | ) |  | 361,909 |  |  | 275,484 |  |  | (42,977 | ) |  | 232,507 |  |  | a, c
Accrued expenses | 459,867 |  |  | 5,165 |  |  | 465,032 |  |  | 378,318 |  |  | 13,740 |  |  | 392,058 |  |  | a, c
Dividends and equities payable | 128,700 |  |  | — |  |  | 128,700 |  |  | 131,380 |  |  | — |  |  | 131,380 |  |  |
Total current liabilities | 6,669,866 |  |  | 120,643 |  |  | 6,790,509 |  |  | 7,755,791 |  |  | 39,238 |  |  | 7,795,029 |  |  |
Long-term debt | 1,915,843 |  |  | — |  |  | 1,915,843 |  |  | 2,051,567 |  |  | — |  |  | 2,051,567 |  |  |
Long-term deferred tax liabilities | 171,844 |  |  | (6,185 | ) |  | 165,659 |  |  | 516,681 |  |  | 14,841 |  |  | 531,522 |  |  | c
Other liabilities | 265,349 |  |  | (321 | ) |  | 265,028 |  |  | 272,532 |  |  | — |  |  | 272,532 |  |  | c
Commitments and contingencies (Note 15) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Equities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Preferred stock | 2,264,038 |  |  | — |  |  | 2,264,038 |  |  | 2,244,114 |  |  | — |  |  | 2,244,114 |  |  | b
Equity certificates | 4,307,292 |  |  | — |  |  | 4,307,292 |  |  | 4,201,803 |  |  | — |  |  | 4,201,803 |  |  | a
Accumulated other comprehensive loss | (168,225 | ) |  | 995 |  |  | (167,230 | ) |  | (211,442 | ) |  | 351 |  |  | (211,091 | ) |  | a
Capital reserves | 1,646,837 |  |  | (196,511 | ) |  | 1,450,326 |  |  | 1,713,784 |  |  | (153,286 | ) |  | 1,560,498 |  |  | a, c
Total CHS Inc. equities | 8,049,942 |  |  | (195,516 | ) |  | 7,854,426 |  |  | 7,948,259 |  |  | (152,935 | ) |  | 7,795,324 |  |  | a
Noncontrolling interests | 12,018 |  |  | (87 | ) |  | 11,931 |  |  | 13,335 |  |  | (79 | ) |  | 13,256 |  |  |
Total equities | 8,061,960 |  |  | (195,603 | ) |  | 7,866,357 |  |  | 7,961,594 |  |  | (153,014 | ) |  | 7,808,580 |  |  |
Total liabilities and equities | $ | 17,084,862 |  |  | $ | (81,466 | ) |  | $ | 17,003,396 |  |  | $ | 18,558,165 |  |  | $ | (98,935 | ) |  | $ | 18,459,230 |  |  |

F-71

Table of Contents
As of February 28, 2018
Freight derivatives and related misstatements
(a) The correction of freight derivatives and related misstatements resulted in a $183.8 million reduction of total assets, a $26.8 million reduction of current liabilities, a $28.9 million increase of long-term liabilities and a $185.9 million reduction of total equities. The reduction of total assets related primarily to the elimination of $179.3 million of current derivative assets which had been incorrectly recorded as assets on the Consolidated Balance Sheet and an approximate $16.0 million impairment of goodwill which was triggered when earnings were lowered due to the restatement. The decrease of total assets was partially offset by a related adjustment to increase prepaid income taxes by $9.7 million as a result of the income tax impact of the freight misstatement. The decrease of total current liabilities related primarily to a $7.1 million reduction of current derivative liabilities and a $19.7 million reduction of income taxes payable resulting from the income tax effect of the freight misstatement. The increase of long-term liabilities was primarily attributable to the $28.9 million increase of long-term deferred tax liabilities. The decrease of total equities was related primarily to the elimination of derivative assets and liabilities from the Consolidated Balance Sheet as described above and the related income tax impacts, as well as the reduction of goodwill associated with the goodwill impairment charge recorded during fiscal 2015.
Intercompany misstatements
(b) The correction of intercompany misstatements resulted in a $5.6 million reduction of total assets and a $5.6 million reduction of current liabilities due to different practices of eliminating intercompany balances between CHS's businesses which existed in previous periods.
Other misstatements
(c) Adjustments for other misstatements related primarily to misclassifications between line items included within the Consolidated Balance Sheets, as well as the impact of income tax adjustments on income tax accounts, including prepaid income taxes, income taxes payable and deferred income taxes. These misclassification adjustments arose primarily due to the application of differing accounting policies between businesses and collectively with the income tax adjustments resulted in a $108.0 million increase of total assets, a $153.1 million increase of current liabilities, a $35.4 million decrease of long-term liabilities and a $9.7 million decrease of total equities.
The increase of total assets related primarily to a $28.8 million increase of cash that resulted from a timing difference for the application of in-transit cash and a $78.2 million increase of receivables and notes payable related to a participation arrangement that did not meet certain criteria for off-balance sheet treatment. As a result, both receivables and notes payable were increased by $78.2 million.
The increase of current liabilities related primarily to the $78.2 million increase of receivables and notes payable in a participation arrangement that did not meet certain criteria for off-balance sheet treatment, a $29.1 million increase of customer advance payments that resulted from a timing difference related to the application of in-transit cash and a$27.9 million increase of accounts payable that had previously been included as a contra-inventory balance. Long-term liabilities decreased primarily due to the recognition of long-term deferred tax liabilities of $35.1 million related to the correction of other misstatements identified during fiscal 2018 and other periods.
The $9.7 million decrease of total equities relates primarily to the $14.1 million net impact on income tax accounts, which was partially offset by a $4.5 million increase related to the valuation of crack spread derivatives.
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Table of Contents
As of February 28, 2017
Freight derivatives and related misstatements
(a) The correction of freight derivatives and related misstatements resulted in a $160.3 million reduction of total assets, a $61.3 million reduction of current liabilities, a $15.8 million increase of long-term liabilities and a $114.7 million reduction of total equities. The reduction of total assets related primarily to the elimination of $153.0 million of current derivative assets that were incorrectly recorded as assets on the Consolidate Balance Sheet and an approximate $16.0 million impairment of goodwill recorded in fiscal 2015 associated with lower earnings as a result of the restatement. The overall decrease of total assets was partially offset by related adjustments, including a $6.4 million increase of prepaid income taxes resulting from the income tax impact of the freight misstatement and the recognition of a $0.6 million prepaid freight capacity balance. The decrease of total current liabilities related primarily to a $43.0 million reduction of current derivative liabilities and a $20.7 million reduction of income taxes payable resulting from the income tax effect of the freight misstatement, which were partially offset by the recognition of a $2.3 million accounts payable balance. The increase of long-term liabilities resulted from the $15.8 million increase of long-term deferred tax liabilities. The decrease of total equities related primarily to the elimination of the derivative assets and liabilities described above and the related income tax impacts, as well as the reduction of goodwill associated with the goodwill impairment charge recorded during fiscal 2015.
Intercompany misstatements
(b) The correction of intercompany misstatements resulted in a $4.9 million reduction of total assets and a $4.9 million reduction of current liabilities due to different practices of eliminating intercompany balances between CHS's businesses which existed in previous periods.
Other misstatements
(c) Adjustments for other misstatements related primarily to misclassifications between line items included within the Consolidated Balance Sheets, as well as the impact of income tax adjustments on income tax accounts, including prepaid income taxes, income taxes payable and deferred income taxes. These misclassification adjustments arose primarily due to the application of differing accounting policies between businesses and collectively with the income tax adjustments resulted in a $66.3 million increase of total assets, a $105.5 million increase of current liabilities, a $0.9 million decrease of long-term liabilities and a $38.3 million decrease of total equities.
The increase of total assets related primarily to a $24.8 million increase of cash that resulted from a timing difference for the application of in-transit cash and a $47.7 million increase of inventory with a corresponding increase to accounts payable as a result of a misclassification adjustment for certain items previously included as a contra-inventory balance moving to accounts payable. The increase of inventory was offset by a $48.2 million reduction of inventory that resulted from a misclassification adjustment for certain collateral being classified as receivables rather than inventory.
The increase of current liabilities related primarily to the $47.7 million increase of accounts payable as a result of a misclassification adjustment for certain items previously included as a contra-inventory balance moving to accounts payable, a $26.1 million increase of customer advance payments that resulted from a timing difference for the application in-transit cash and $34.4 million increase of accrued expenses. The increase of accrued expenses related to the recognition of a $20.7 million accrued income tax balance associated with the correction of other misstatements identified during fiscal 2017 and other periods and the recognition of $13.7 million of accrued expense related to the use of a unit of measure assumption in the calculation of an excise tax credit that was changed during fiscal 2018.
The $38.3 million decrease of total equities related primarily to the impacts associated with the $24.4 million net impact on income tax accounts and the recognition of $13.7 million of accrued expense related to the use of a unit of measure assumption in the calculation of an excise tax credit that was changed during fiscal 2018.
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CHS INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS
(Unaudited)

| As of May 31, 2018 |  | As of May 31, 2017 |  |
| As Previously Reported |  | Restatement Adjustments |  | As Restated |  | As Previously Reported |  | Restatement Adjustments |  | As Restated |  | Restatement References
| (Dollars in thousands) |  |
ASSETS |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Current assets: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Cash and cash equivalents | $ | 533,887 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 533,887 |  |  | $ | 267,229 |  |  | $ | (481 | ) |  | $ | 266,748 |  |  | b, c
Receivables | 2,198,211 |  |  | 50,002 |  |  | 2,248,213 |  |  | 2,722,325 |  |  | 45,642 |  |  | 2,767,967 |  |  | a, b, c
Inventories | 2,940,907 |  |  | (27,400 | ) |  | 2,913,507 |  |  | 2,684,087 |  |  | 4,862 |  |  | 2,688,949 |  |  | c
Derivative assets | 483,794 |  |  | (233,789 | ) |  | 250,005 |  |  | 388,188 |  |  | (182,001 | ) |  | 206,187 |  |  | a, c
Margin and related deposits | 253,141 |  |  | — |  |  | 253,141 |  |  | 251,695 |  |  | — |  |  | 251,695 |  |  |
Supplier advance payments | 426,607 |  |  | — |  |  | 426,607 |  |  | 431,433 |  |  | — |  |  | 431,433 |  |  | b
Other current assets | 198,078 |  |  | (7,398 | ) |  | 190,680 |  |  | 255,236 |  |  | 10,233 |  |  | 265,469 |  |  | a, c
Total current assets | 7,034,625 |  |  | (218,585 | ) |  | 6,816,040 |  |  | 7,000,193 |  |  | (121,745 | ) |  | 6,878,448 |  |  |
Investments | 3,787,163 |  |  | — |  |  | 3,787,163 |  |  | 3,841,749 |  |  | — |  |  | 3,841,749 |  |  |
Property, plant and equipment | 5,140,106 |  |  | — |  |  | 5,140,106 |  |  | 5,409,151 |  |  | (3,500 | ) |  | 5,405,651 |  |  |
Other assets | 973,885 |  |  | (13,645 | ) |  | 960,240 |  |  | 970,704 |  |  | (15,172 | ) |  | 955,532 |  |  | a
Total assets | $ | 16,935,779 |  |  | $ | (232,230 | ) |  | $ | 16,703,549 |  |  | $ | 17,221,797 |  |  | $ | (140,417 | ) |  | $ | 17,081,380 |  |  |
LIABILITIES AND EQUITIES |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Current liabilities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Notes payable | $ | 2,819,086 |  |  | $ | 49,420 |  |  | $ | 2,868,506 |  |  | $ | 3,321,808 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 3,321,808 |  |  |
Current portion of long-term debt | 53,056 |  |  | — |  |  | 53,056 |  |  | 193,096 |  |  | — |  |  | 193,096 |  |  |
Customer margin deposits and credit balances | 137,999 |  |  | — |  |  | 137,999 |  |  | 132,479 |  |  | — |  |  | 132,479 |  |  |
Customer advance payments | 372,616 |  |  | (26 | ) |  | 372,590 |  |  | 390,576 |  |  | 546 |  |  | 391,122 |  |  | b, c
Accounts payable | 1,904,819 |  |  | (6,647 | ) |  | 1,898,172 |  |  | 1,809,868 |  |  | 55,935 |  |  | 1,865,803 |  |  | a, b, c
Derivative liabilities | 344,973 |  |  | (28,142 | ) |  | 316,831 |  |  | 284,212 |  |  | (50,257 | ) |  | 233,955 |  |  | a, c
Accrued expenses | 538,249 |  |  | — |  |  | 538,249 |  |  | 422,371 |  |  | 13,740 |  |  | 436,111 |  |  | a, c
Dividends and equities payable | 209,718 |  |  | — |  |  | 209,718 |  |  | 134,718 |  |  | — |  |  | 134,718 |  |  |
Total current liabilities | 6,380,516 |  |  | 14,605 |  |  | 6,395,121 |  |  | 6,689,128 |  |  | 19,964 |  |  | 6,709,092 |  |  |
Long-term debt | 1,905,515 |  |  | — |  |  | 1,905,515 |  |  | 2,046,264 |  |  | — |  |  | 2,046,264 |  |  |
Long-term deferred tax liabilities | 207,912 |  |  | (4,704 | ) |  | 203,208 |  |  | 350,966 |  |  | 18,204 |  |  | 369,170 |  |  |
Other liabilities | 279,303 |  |  | (434 | ) |  | 278,869 |  |  | 276,483 |  |  | — |  |  | 276,483 |  |  |
Commitments and contingencies (Note 15) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Equities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Preferred stock | 2,264,038 |  |  | — |  |  | 2,264,038 |  |  | 2,264,063 |  |  | — |  |  | 2,264,063 |  |  | b
Equity certificates | 4,253,414 |  |  | — |  |  | 4,253,414 |  |  | 4,214,657 |  |  | — |  |  | 4,214,657 |  |  | a
Accumulated other comprehensive loss | (169,726 | ) |  | 2,424 |  |  | (167,302 | ) |  | (209,700 | ) |  | 1,132 |  |  | (208,568 | ) |  | a, b, c
Capital reserves | 1,803,078 |  |  | (244,038 | ) |  | 1,559,040 |  |  | 1,577,469 |  |  | (179,635 | ) |  | 1,397,834 |  |  |
Total CHS Inc. equities | 8,150,804 |  |  | (241,614 | ) |  | 7,909,190 |  |  | 7,846,489 |  |  | (178,503 | ) |  | 7,667,986 |  |  | a
Noncontrolling interests | 11,729 |  |  | (83 | ) |  | 11,646 |  |  | 12,467 |  |  | (82 | ) |  | 12,385 |  |  |
Total equities | 8,162,533 |  |  | (241,697 | ) |  | 7,920,836 |  |  | 7,858,956 |  |  | (178,585 | ) |  | 7,680,371 |  |  |
Total liabilities and equities | $ | 16,935,779 |  |  | $ | (232,230 | ) |  | $ | 16,703,549 |  |  | $ | 17,221,797 |  |  | $ | (140,417 | ) |  | $ | 17,081,380 |  |  |

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As of May 31, 2018
Freight derivatives and related misstatements
(a) The correction of freight derivatives and related misstatements resulted in a $229.3 million reduction of total assets, a $50.5 million reduction of current liabilities, a $30.4 million increase of long-term liabilities and a $209.2 million reduction of total equities. The reduction of total assets related primarily to the elimination of $233.9 million of current derivative assets that had been recorded as assets on the Consolidated Balance Sheet and an approximate $16.0 million reduction of goodwill associated with a goodwill impairment charge recorded during fiscal 2015. The decreases of total assets were partially offset by related adjustments, including an $11.1 million increase of prepaid income taxes resulting from the income tax impact of the freight misstatement and the recognition of a $7.5 million prepaid freight capacity balance. The decrease of total current liabilities related primarily to a $25.6 million reduction of current derivative liabilities and a $24.9 million reduction of income taxes payable resulting from the income tax effect of the freight misstatement. The increase of long-term liabilities resulted from a $30.4 million increase of long-term deferred tax liabilities. The decrease of total equities related primarily to the elimination of the derivative assets and liabilities described above and the related income tax impacts, as well as the reduction of goodwill associated with the goodwill impairment charge recorded during fiscal 2015.
Intercompany misstatements
(b) The correction of intercompany misstatements resulted in a $6.9 million reduction of total assets and a $6.9 million reduction of current liabilities due to different practices of eliminating intercompany balances between CHS's businesses which existed in previous periods.
Other misstatements
(c) Adjustments for other misstatements related primarily to misclassifications between line items included within the Consolidated Balance Sheets, as well as the impact of income tax adjustments on income tax accounts, including prepaid income taxes, income taxes payable and deferred income taxes. These misclassification adjustments arose primarily due to the application of differing accounting policies between businesses and collectively with the income tax adjustments resulted in a $3.9 million increase of total assets, a $72.0 million increase of current liabilities, a $35.5 million decrease of long-term liabilities and a $32.5 million decrease of total equities.
The increase of total assets related primarily to a $49.4 million increase of receivables and notes payable for a participation arrangement that did not meet certain criteria for off-balance sheet treatment. The increase of receivables was mostly offset by an $18.8 million decrease of inventories that resulted from the overstatement of inventories following the implementation of a new enterprise resource planning software during the third quarter of fiscal 2018 and a $24.5 million reduction of prepaid income taxes as a result of the income tax effects associated with the correction of other misstatements identified during fiscal 2018 and other periods.
The increase of current liabilities resulted primarily from the $49.4 million increase of notes payable associated with the participation agreement described above, as well as the recognition of a $24.9 million accrued income tax balance due to the income tax effects of the other misstatements. The decrease of long-term liabilities related primarily to a $35.1 million decrease of long-term deferred tax liabilities related to the correction of other misstatements identified during fiscal 2018 and other periods.
The decrease of total equities related primarily to the $14.1 million net impact on income tax accounts and the $18.8 million timing difference adjustment associated with the implementation of a new enterprise resource planning software during the third quarter of fiscal 2018.
As of May 31, 2017
Freight derivatives and related misstatements
(a) The correction of freight derivatives and related misstatements resulted in a $181.6 million reduction of total assets, a $64.0 million reduction of current liabilities, a $19.1 million increase of long-term liabilities and a $136.8 million reduction of total equities. The reduction of total assets related primarily to the elimination of $181.8 million of current derivative assets that had been recorded as assets on the Consolidated Balance Sheet and an approximate $16.0 million reduction of goodwill associated with a goodwill impairment charge recorded during fiscal 2015. The decreases of total assets were partially offset by related adjustments, including a $12.9 million increase of prepaid income taxes resulting from the income tax impact of the freight misstatement, the recognition of a $2.0 million prepaid freight capacity balance and the recognition of a $0.5 million receivable. The decrease of total current
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liabilities related primarily to a $50.3 million reduction of current derivative liabilities and a $20.7 million reduction of income taxes payable resulting from the income tax effect of the freight misstatement, which were partially offset by the recognition of a $7.0 million accounts payable balance. The increase of long-term liabilities resulted from a $19.1 million increase of long-term deferred tax liabilities. The decrease of total equities related primarily to the elimination of the derivative assets and liabilities described above and the related income tax impacts, as well as the reduction of goodwill associated with the goodwill impairment charge recorded during fiscal 2015.
Intercompany misstatements
(b) None
Other misstatements
(c) Adjustments for other misstatements related primarily to misclassifications between line items included within the Consolidated Balance Sheets, as well as the impact of income tax adjustments on income tax accounts, including prepaid income taxes, income taxes payable and deferred income taxes. These misclassification adjustments arose primarily due to the application of differing accounting policies between businesses and collectively with the income tax adjustments resulted in a $41.2 million increase of total assets, an $83.9 million increase of current liabilities, a $0.9 million decrease of long-term liabilities and a $41.8 million decrease of total equities.
The most significant driver of the $41.2 million increase of total assets related to a $53.1 million misclassification adjustment for certain items previously included as a contra-inventory balance moving to accounts payable. The overall increase of inventories was mostly offset by a $48.2 million reduction of inventory that resulted from a misclassification adjustment for certain collateral being classified as receivables rather than inventory; however, this misstatement did not impact total assets.
The increase of current liabilities related primarily to the $53.1 million increase of accounts payable associated with a misclassification adjustment for a contra-inventory balance moving to accounts payable, as well as the impact of the income tax adjustments on accrued income taxes, which increased by $20.7 million.
The $41.8 million decrease of total equities related primarily to the $24.4 million net impact on income tax accounts, the recognition of $13.7 million of accrued expense related to the use of a unit of measure assumption in the calculation of an excise tax credit that was changed during fiscal 2018 and a $3.5 million increase of reserve and impairment charges related to a fixed asset impairment charge that should have been recorded during the third quarter of fiscal 2017 rather than the fourth quarter of fiscal 2017.
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CHS INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS
(Unaudited)

| For the Three Months Ended November 30, 2017 |  |
| As Previously Reported |  | Restatement Adjustments |  | As Restated |  | Restatement References
| (Dollars in thousands) |  |
Revenues | $ | 8,048,889 |  |  | $ | (17,005 | ) |  | $ | 8,031,884 |  |  | a, b, c
Cost of goods sold | 7,735,627 |  |  | (24,570 | ) |  | 7,711,057 |  |  | a, b, c
Gross profit | 313,262 |  |  | 7,565 |  |  | 320,827 |  |  |
Marketing, general and administrative | 140,168 |  |  | (668 | ) |  | 139,500 |  |  | c
Reserve and impairment charges (recoveries), net | (3,787 | ) |  | — |  |  | (3,787 | ) |  |
Operating earnings (loss) | 176,881 |  |  | 8,233 |  |  | 185,114 |  |  |
Interest expense | 40,702 |  |  | — |  |  | 40,702 |  |  |
Other (income) loss | (25,014 | ) |  | — |  |  | (25,014 | ) |  |
Equity (income) loss from investments | (38,362 | ) |  | — |  |  | (38,362 | ) |  |
Income (loss) before income taxes | 199,555 |  |  | 8,233 |  |  | 207,788 |  |  |
Income tax expense (benefit) | 19,936 |  |  | 670 |  |  | 20,606 |  |  | a
Net income (loss) | 179,619 |  |  | 7,563 |  |  | 187,182 |  |  |
Net income (loss) attributable to noncontrolling interests | (464 | ) |  | — |  |  | (464 | ) |  |
Net income (loss) attributable to CHS Inc. | $ | 180,083 |  |  | $ | 7,563 |  |  | $ | 187,646 |  |  |

For the three months ended November 30, 2017
Freight derivatives and related misstatements
(a) The correction of freight derivatives and related misstatements resulted in a $0.5 million reduction of income before income taxes and a $1.2 million reduction of net income. These adjustments related to a $0.5 million increase of cost of goods sold and a $0.7 million increase of income tax expense related to the tax effect of the freight derivatives and related misstatements.
Intercompany misstatements
(b) The correction of intercompany misstatements had no impact on income (loss) before income taxes or net income (loss); however, the correction resulted in an $11.4 million decrease of both revenues and cost of goods sold due to different practices of eliminating intercompany sales between CHS's businesses which existed in previous periods.
Other misstatements
(c) The correction of other misstatements resulted in an $8.8 million increase of income before income taxes and net income. The $8.8 million increase of income before income taxes relates primarily to a $6.2 million decrease of cost of goods sold related to the valuation of crack spread derivatives and a $2.6 million decrease in costs related to postretirement benefit plan activity that resulted from a timing difference associated with recording certain benefit plan expenses (included in cost of goods sold and marketing, general and administrative expenses).
Additionally, certain misclassification and offsetting adjustments were made between line items included in the Consolidated Statements of Operations primarily due to the application of differing accounting policies between businesses. These misclassification adjustments resulted in a $5.7 million decrease of revenues and cost of goods sold.
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CHS INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS
(Unaudited)

| For the Three Months Ended February 28, 2018 |  | For the Six Months Ended February 28, 2018 |  |
| As Previously Reported |  | Restatement Adjustments |  | As Restated |  | As Previously Reported |  | Restatement Adjustments |  | As Restated |  | Restatement References
| (Dollars in thousands) |  |
Revenues | $ | 6,851,093 |  |  | $ | 129,060 |  |  | $ | 6,980,153 |  |  | $ | 14,899,982 |  |  | $ | 112,055 |  |  | $ | 15,012,037 |  |  | a, b, c
Cost of goods sold | 6,708,610 |  |  | 136,239 |  |  | 6,844,849 |  |  | 14,444,237 |  |  | 111,669 |  |  | 14,555,906 |  |  | a, b, c
Gross profit | 142,483 |  |  | (7,179 | ) |  | 135,304 |  |  | 455,745 |  |  | 386 |  |  | 456,131 |  |  |
Marketing, general and administrative | 186,716 |  |  | (3 | ) |  | 186,713 |  |  | 326,881 |  |  | (668 | ) |  | 326,213 |  |  | c
Reserve and impairment charges (recoveries), net | (11,349 | ) |  | 3 |  |  | (11,346 | ) |  | (15,133 | ) |  | — |  |  | (15,133 | ) |  | c
Operating earnings (loss) | (32,884 | ) |  | (7,179 | ) |  | (40,063 | ) |  | 143,997 |  |  | 1,054 |  |  | 145,051 |  |  |
(Gain) loss on disposal of business | (7,705 | ) |  | — |  |  | (7,705 | ) |  | (7,705 | ) |  | — |  |  | (7,705 | ) |  |
Interest expense | 40,176 |  |  | — |  |  | 40,176 |  |  | 80,878 |  |  | — |  |  | 80,878 |  |  |
Other (income) loss | (11,364 | ) |  | — |  |  | (11,364 | ) |  | (36,378 | ) |  | — |  |  | (36,378 | ) |  |
Equity (income) loss from investments | (39,441 | ) |  | — |  |  | (39,441 | ) |  | (77,803 | ) |  | — |  |  | (77,803 | ) |  |
Income (loss) before income taxes | (14,550 | ) |  | (7,179 | ) |  | (21,729 | ) |  | 185,005 |  |  | 1,054 |  |  | 186,059 |  |  |
Income tax expense (benefit) | (181,176 | ) |  | (6,512 | ) |  | (187,688 | ) |  | (161,240 | ) |  | (5,842 | ) |  | (167,082 | ) |  | a, c
Net income (loss) | 166,626 |  |  | (667 | ) |  | 165,959 |  |  | 346,245 |  |  | 6,896 |  |  | 353,141 |  |  |
Net income (loss) attributable to noncontrolling interests | (48 | ) |  | — |  |  | (48 | ) |  | (512 | ) |  | — |  |  | (512 | ) |  |
Net income (loss) attributable to CHS Inc. | $ | 166,674 |  |  | $ | (667 | ) |  | $ | 166,007 |  |  | $ | 346,757 |  |  | $ | 6,896 |  |  | $ | 353,653 |  |  |

For the three months ended February 28, 2018
Freight derivatives and related misstatements
(a) The correction of freight derivatives and related misstatements resulted in a $22.5 million reduction of income before income taxes and a $22.6 million reduction of net income. These adjustments related to a $22.5 million increase of cost of goods sold and a $0.1 million increase of income tax expense related to the tax effect of the freight derivatives and related misstatements.
Intercompany misstatements
(b) The correction of intercompany misstatements had no impact on income (loss) before income taxes or net income (loss); however, the correction resulted in a $161.5 million increase of both revenues and cost of goods sold due to different practices of eliminating intercompany sales between CHS's businesses which existed in previous periods.
Other misstatements
(c) The correction of other misstatements resulted in a $15.3 million increase of income before income taxes and a $21.9 million increase of net income. The $15.3 million increase of income before income taxes relates primarily to a $13.7 million decrease of cost of goods sold arising from the use of a unit of measure assumption in the calculation of an excise tax credit that was changed during fiscal 2018. The remaining increase relates to a $1.6 million decrease of cost of goods sold as a result of the valuation of crack spread derivatives. In addition to the increase of income before income taxes, an income tax benefit of $6.6 million was recorded to adjust for the impact of other identified misstatements, as well as income tax items that had previously been identified and recorded as out of period adjustments in subsequent periods.
Additionally, certain misclassification and offsetting adjustments were made between line items included in the Consolidated Statements of Operations primarily due to the application of differing accounting policies between businesses. These misclassification adjustments resulted in a $27.7 million decrease of revenues and cost of goods sold.
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For the six months ended February 28, 2018
Freight derivatives and related misstatements
(a) The correction of freight derivatives and related misstatements resulted in a $23.0 million reduction of income before income taxes and a $23.8 million reduction of net income. These adjustments related to a $23.0 million increase of cost of goods sold and a $0.8 million increase of income tax expense related to the tax effect of the freight derivatives and related misstatements.
Intercompany misstatements
(b) The correction of intercompany misstatements had no impact on income (loss) before income taxes or net income (loss); however, the correction resulted in a $150.2 million increase of both revenues and cost of goods sold due to different practices of eliminating intercompany sales between CHS's businesses which existed in previous periods.
Other misstatements
(c) The correction of other misstatements resulted in an $24.1 million increase of income before income taxes and a $30.7 million increase of net income. The $24.1 million increase of income before income taxes relates primarily to a $13.7 million decrease of cost of goods sold that arose from a unit of measure assumption in the calculation of an excise tax credit that was changed during fiscal 2018. The remaining increase relates to a $7.9 million decrease of cost of goods sold related to the valuation of crack spread derivatives and a $2.6 million increase to expense related to postretirement benefit plan activity that resulted from a timing difference associated with the recording of certain benefit plan expenses (included in cost of goods sold and marketing, general and administrative expenses). In addition to the increase of income before income taxes, an income tax benefit of $6.6 million was recorded to adjust for the impact of other identified misstatements, as well as income tax items that had previously been identified and recorded as out of period adjustments in subsequent periods.
Additionally, certain misclassification and offsetting adjustments were made between line items included in the Consolidated Statements of Operations primarily due to the application of differing accounting policies between businesses. These misclassification adjustments resulted in $33.4 million decrease of revenues and cost of goods sold.
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CHS INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS
(Unaudited)

| For the Three Months Ended May 31, 2018 |  | For the Nine Months Ended May 31, 2018 |  |
| As Previously Reported |  | Restatement Adjustments |  | As Restated |  | As Previously Reported |  | Restatement Adjustments |  | As Restated |  | Restatement References
| (Dollars in thousands) |  |
Revenues | $ | 9,027,525 |  |  | $ | 59,803 |  |  | $ | 9,087,328 |  |  | $ | 23,927,508 |  |  | $ | 171,857 |  |  | $ | 24,099,365 |  |  | a, b, c
Cost of goods sold | 8,728,914 |  |  | 112,447 |  |  | 8,841,361 |  |  | 23,173,151 |  |  | 224,116 |  |  | 23,397,267 |  |  | a, b, c
Gross profit | 298,611 |  |  | (52,644 | ) |  | 245,967 |  |  | 754,357 |  |  | (52,259 | ) |  | 702,098 |  |  |
Marketing, general and administrative | 161,578 |  |  | 1 |  |  | 161,579 |  |  | 488,459 |  |  | (667 | ) |  | 487,792 |  |  | c
Reserve and impairment charges (recoveries), net | (3,811 | ) |  | — |  |  | (3,811 | ) |  | (18,944 | ) |  | — |  |  | (18,944 | ) |  |
Operating earnings (loss) | 140,844 |  |  | (52,645 | ) |  | 88,199 |  |  | 284,842 |  |  | (51,592 | ) |  | 233,250 |  |  |
(Gain) loss on disposal of business | (124,050 | ) |  | — |  |  | (124,050 | ) |  | (131,755 | ) |  | — |  |  | (131,755 | ) |  |
Interest expense | 49,340 |  |  | — |  |  | 49,340 |  |  | 130,218 |  |  | — |  |  | 130,218 |  |  |
Other (income) loss | (14,622 | ) |  | — |  |  | (14,622 | ) |  | (51,000 | ) |  | — |  |  | (51,000 | ) |  |
Equity (income) loss from investments | (59,308 | ) |  | — |  |  | (59,308 | ) |  | (137,111 | ) |  | — |  |  | (137,111 | ) |  |
Income (loss) before income taxes | 289,484 |  |  | (52,645 | ) |  | 236,839 |  |  | 474,490 |  |  | (51,592 | ) |  | 422,898 |  |  |
Income tax expense (benefit) | 60,338 |  |  | (5,119 | ) |  | 55,219 |  |  | (100,901 | ) |  | (10,962 | ) |  | (111,863 | ) |  | a, c
Net income (loss) | 229,146 |  |  | (47,526 | ) |  | 181,620 |  |  | 575,391 |  |  | (40,630 | ) |  | 534,761 |  |  |
Net income (loss) attributable to noncontrolling interests | (187 | ) |  | — |  |  | (187 | ) |  | (699 | ) |  | — |  |  | (699 | ) |  |
Net income (loss) attributable to CHS Inc. | $ | 229,333 |  |  | $ | (47,526 | ) |  | $ | 181,807 |  |  | $ | 576,090 |  |  | $ | (40,630 | ) |  | $ | 535,460 |  |  |

For the three months ended May 31, 2018
Freight derivatives and related misstatements
(a) The correction of freight derivatives and related misstatements resulted in a $29.8 million reduction of income before income taxes and a $24.7 million reduction of net income. These adjustments related to a $29.8 million increase of cost of goods sold and a $5.1 million decrease of income tax expense related to the tax effect of the freight derivatives and related misstatements.
Intercompany misstatements
(b) The correction of intercompany misstatements had no impact on income (loss) before income taxes or net income (loss); however, the correction resulted in a $38.8 million increase of both revenues and cost of goods sold due to different practices of eliminating intercompany sales between CHS's businesses which existed in previous periods.
Other misstatements
(c) The correction of other misstatements resulted in a $22.8 million decrease of income before income taxes and net income. The $22.8 million decrease of income before income taxes related primarily to an $18.8 million increase of cost of goods sold due to adjustments associated with the implementation of a new enterprise resource planning software during the third quarter of fiscal 2018. The remaining decrease relates to an $11.8 million increase of revenues and a $14.5 million increase of cost of goods sold related to the timing of revenue recognition as well as a $1.3 million increase of cost of goods sold related to the valuation of crack spread derivatives.
Additionally, certain misclassification and offsetting adjustments were made between line items included in the Consolidated Statements of Operations primarily due to the application of differing accounting policies between businesses. These misclassification adjustments resulted in a $9.2 million increase of revenues and cost of goods sold.
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For the nine months ended May 31, 2018
Freight derivatives and related misstatements
(a) The correction of freight derivatives and related misstatements resulted in a $52.9 million reduction of income before income taxes and a $48.5 million reduction of net income. These adjustments related to a $52.9 million increase of cost of goods sold and a $4.4 million increase of income tax benefit related to the tax effect of the freight derivatives and related misstatements.
Intercompany misstatements
(b) The correction of intercompany misstatements had no impact on income (loss) before income taxes or net income (loss); however, the correction resulted in a $189.0 million increase of both revenues and cost of goods sold due to different practices of eliminating intercompany sales between CHS's businesses which existed in previous periods.
Other misstatements
(c) The correction of other misstatements resulted in a $1.3 million increase of income before income taxes and a $7.9 million increase of net income. The $1.3 million increase of income before income taxes relates to a combination of offsetting misstatements, including a $13.7 million decrease of cost of goods sold that arose from a unit of measure assumption in the calculation of an excise tax credit that was changed during fiscal 2018, a $6.6 million decrease of cost of goods sold related to the valuation of crack spread derivatives, and a $2.6 million decrease in expense related to postretirement benefit plan activity that resulted from a timing difference associated with recording certain benefit plan expenses (included in cost of goods sold and marketing, general and administrative expenses). The overall increase was mostly offset by an $18.8 million increase of cost of goods sold due to a timing difference associated with the implementation of a new enterprise resource planning software during the third quarter of fiscal 2018. The increase in income before income taxes and net income was also impacted by a $7.0 million increase of revenue and a $9.9 million increase of cost of goods sold related to the timing of revenue recognition. In addition to the increase of income before income taxes, an income tax benefit of $6.6 million was recorded to adjust for the impact of other identified misstatements, as well as income tax items that had previously been identified and recorded as out of period adjustments in subsequent periods.
Additionally, certain misclassification and offsetting adjustments were made between line items included in the Consolidated Statements of Operations primarily due to the application of differing accounting policies between businesses. These misclassification adjustments resulted in a $24.1 million decrease of revenues and cost of goods sold.
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CHS INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS
(Unaudited)

| For the Three Months Ended November 30, 2016 |  |
| As Previously Reported |  | Restatement Adjustments |  | As Restated |  | Restatement References
| (Dollars in thousands) |  |
Revenues | $ | 8,048,250 |  |  | $ | (46,346 | ) |  | $ | 8,001,904 |  |  | a, b, c
Cost of goods sold | 7,695,553 |  |  | (40,029 | ) |  | 7,655,524 |  |  | a, b, c
Gross profit | 352,697 |  |  | (6,317 | ) |  | 346,380 |  |  |
Marketing, general and administrative | 147,849 |  |  | 3,409 |  |  | 151,258 |  |  | c
Reserve and impairment charges (recoveries), net | 18,357 |  |  | — |  |  | 18,357 |  |  |
Operating earnings (loss) | 186,491 |  |  | (9,726 | ) |  | 176,765 |  |  |
(Gain) loss on disposal of business | — |  |  | 4,105 |  |  | 4,105 |  |  | c
Interest expense | 38,265 |  |  | — |  |  | 38,265 |  |  |
Other (income) loss | (37,000 | ) |  | (7,509 | ) |  | (44,509 | ) |  | c
Equity (income) loss from investments | (40,328 | ) |  | — |  |  | (40,328 | ) |  |
Income (loss) before income taxes | 225,554 |  |  | (6,322 | ) |  | 219,232 |  |  |
Income tax expense (benefit) | 16,612 |  |  | (536 | ) |  | 16,076 |  |  | a
Net income (loss) | 208,942 |  |  | (5,786 | ) |  | 203,156 |  |  |
Net income (loss) attributable to noncontrolling interests | (208 | ) |  | — |  |  | (208 | ) |  |
Net income (loss) attributable to CHS Inc. | $ | 209,150 |  |  | $ | (5,786 | ) |  | $ | 203,364 |  |  |

For the three months ended November 30, 2016
Freight derivatives and related misstatements
(a) The correction of freight derivatives and related misstatements resulted in a $0.1 million increase of income before income taxes and a $0.6 million increase of net income. These adjustments were primarily related to a $1.9 million increase of cost of goods sold, a $1.9 million increase of revenues related to the timing of revenue recognition, and a $0.6 million decrease of income tax expense related to the tax effect of the freight derivatives and related misstatements.
Intercompany misstatements
(b) The correction of intercompany misstatements had no impact on income (loss) before income taxes or net income (loss); however, the correction resulted in a $77.3 million decrease of both revenues and cost of goods sold due to different practices of eliminating intercompany sales between CHS's businesses which existed in previous periods.
Other misstatements
(c) The correction of other misstatements resulted in a $6.4 million decrease of income before income taxes and net income. The $6.4 million decrease of income before income taxes and net income relates primarily to an increase of cost of goods sold that arose from a unit of measure assumption in the calculation of an excise tax credit that was changed during fiscal 2018.
Additionally, certain misclassification and offsetting adjustments were made between line items included in the Consolidated Statements of Operations primarily due to the application of differing accounting policies between businesses. These misclassification adjustments resulted in a $29.1 million increase of revenues, a $29.1 million increase of cost of goods sold, a $3.4 million increase of marketing, general and administrative expenses, a $4.1 million increase of loss on disposal of business and a $7.5 million increase of other income.
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CHS INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS
(Unaudited)

| For the Three Months Ended February 28, 2017 |  | For the Six Months Ended February 28, 2017 |  |
| As Previously Reported |  | Restatement Adjustments |  | As Restated |  | As Previously Reported |  | Restatement Adjustments |  | As Restated |  | Restatement References
| (Dollars in thousands) |  |
Revenues | $ | 7,320,406 |  |  | $ | 80,367 |  |  | $ | 7,400,773 |  |  | $ | 15,368,656 |  |  | $ | 34,021 |  |  | $ | 15,402,677 |  |  | a, b, c
Cost of goods sold | 7,079,664 |  |  | 85,601 |  |  | 7,165,265 |  |  | 14,775,217 |  |  | 45,572 |  |  | 14,820,789 |  |  | a, b, c
Gross profit | 240,742 |  |  | (5,234 | ) |  | 235,508 |  |  | 593,439 |  |  | (11,551 | ) |  | 581,888 |  |  |
Marketing, general and administrative | 157,862 |  |  | 2,304 |  |  | 160,166 |  |  | 305,711 |  |  | 5,713 |  |  | 311,424 |  |  | c
Reserve and impairment charges (recoveries), net | 72,373 |  |  | — |  |  | 72,373 |  |  | 90,730 |  |  | — |  |  | 90,730 |  |  |
Operating earnings (loss) | 10,507 |  |  | (7,538 | ) |  | 2,969 |  |  | 196,998 |  |  | (17,264 | ) |  | 179,734 |  |  |
(Gain) loss on disposal of business | — |  |  | (1,395 | ) |  | (1,395 | ) |  | — |  |  | 2,710 |  |  | 2,710 |  |  | c
Interest expense | 39,945 |  |  | — |  |  | 39,945 |  |  | 78,210 |  |  | — |  |  | 78,210 |  |  |
Other (income) loss | (17,235 | ) |  | (848 | ) |  | (18,083 | ) |  | (54,235 | ) |  | (8,357 | ) |  | (62,592 | ) |  | c
Equity (income) loss from investments | (35,800 | ) |  | — |  |  | (35,800 | ) |  | (76,128 | ) |  | — |  |  | (76,128 | ) |  |
Income (loss) before income taxes | 23,597 |  |  | (5,295 | ) |  | 18,302 |  |  | 249,151 |  |  | (11,617 | ) |  | 237,534 |  |  |
Income tax expense (benefit) | 8,624 |  |  | (4,939 | ) |  | 3,685 |  |  | 25,236 |  |  | (5,475 | ) |  | 19,761 |  |  | a, c
Net income (loss) | 14,973 |  |  | (356 | ) |  | 14,617 |  |  | 223,915 |  |  | (6,142 | ) |  | 217,773 |  |  |
Net income (loss) attributable to noncontrolling interests | 406 |  |  | — |  |  | 406 |  |  | 198 |  |  | — |  |  | 198 |  |  |
Net income (loss) attributable to CHS Inc. | $ | 14,567 |  |  | $ | (356 | ) |  | $ | 14,211 |  |  | $ | 223,717 |  |  | $ | (6,142 | ) |  | $ | 217,575 |  |  |

For the three months ended February 28, 2017
Freight derivatives and related misstatements
(a) The correction of freight derivatives and related misstatements resulted in a $0.3 million reduction of income before income taxes and a $0.2 million increase of net income. These adjustments related to a $1.1 million reduction of revenues and a $0.9 million decrease of cost of goods sold, and a $0.5 million decrease of income tax expense related to the tax effect of the freight derivatives and related misstatements.
Intercompany misstatements
(b) The correction of intercompany misstatements had no impact on income (loss) before income taxes or net income (loss); however, the correction resulted in a $58.9 million increase of both revenues and cost of goods sold due to different practices of eliminating intercompany sales between CHS's businesses which existed in previous periods.
Other misstatements
(c) The correction of other misstatements resulted in a $5.0 million decrease of income before income taxes and a $0.6 million decrease of net income. The $5.0 million decrease of income before income taxes relates primarily to a $5.6 million increase of cost of goods sold that arose from a unit of measure assumption in the calculation of an excise tax credit that was changed during fiscal 2018. The overall decrease of income before income taxes was partially offset by a $0.6 million decrease of cost of goods sold related to the valuation of crack spread derivatives. The decrease of income before income taxes was mostly offset by an income tax benefit of $4.5 million that was recorded to adjust for the impact of other identified misstatements, as well as income tax items that had previously been identified and recorded as out of period adjustments in subsequent periods.
Additionally, certain misclassification and offsetting adjustments were made between line items included in the Consolidated Statements of Operations primarily due to the application of differing accounting policies between businesses. These misclassification adjustments resulted in a $22.6 million increase of revenues, a $22.5 million
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increase of cost of goods sold, a $2.3 million increase of marketing, general and administrative expenses, a $1.4 million increase of gain on disposal of business, and a $0.8 million increase of other income.
For the six months ended February 28, 2017
Freight derivatives and related misstatements
(a) The correction of freight derivatives and related misstatements resulted in a $0.2 million reduction of income before income taxes and a $0.8 million increase of net income. These adjustments related to a $0.7 million increase of revenues and a $1.0 million increase of cost of goods and a $1.0 million decrease of income tax expense related to the tax effect of the freight derivatives and related misstatements.
Intercompany misstatements
b) The correction of intercompany misstatements had no impact on income (loss) before income taxes or net income (loss); however, the correction resulted in a $18.4 million decrease of both revenues and cost of goods sold due to different practices of eliminating intercompany sales between CHS's businesses which existed in previous periods.
Other misstatements
(c) The correction of other misstatements resulted in an $11.4 million decrease of income before income taxes and a $6.9 million decrease of net income. The $11.4 million decrease of income before income taxes relates primarily to a $12.1 million increase of cost of goods sold that arose from a unit of measure assumption in the calculation of an excise tax credit that was changed during fiscal 2018. The overall decrease of income before income taxes was partially offset by a $0.7 million decrease of cost of goods sold related to the valuation of crack spread derivatives. The decrease of income before income taxes was partially offset by an income tax benefit of $4.5 million that was recorded to adjust for the impact of other identified misstatements, as well as income tax items that had previously been identified and recorded as out of period adjustments in subsequent periods.
Additionally, certain misclassification and offsetting adjustments were made between line items included in the Consolidated Statements of Operations primarily due to the application of differing accounting policies between businesses. These misclassification adjustments resulted in a $51.7 million increase of revenues, a $51.6 million increase of cost of goods sold, a $5.7 million increase of marketing, general and administrative expenses, a $2.7 million increase of loss on disposal of business, and an $8.4 million increase of other income.
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CHS INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS
(Unaudited)

| For the Three Months Ended May 31, 2017 |  | For the Nine Months Ended May 31, 2017 |  |
| As Previously Reported |  | Restatement Adjustments |  | As Restated |  | As Previously Reported |  | Restatement Adjustments |  | As Restated |  | Restatement References
| (Dollars in thousands) |  |
Revenues | $ | 8,614,090 |  |  | $ | 24,320 |  |  | $ | 8,638,410 |  |  | $ | 23,982,746 |  |  | $ | 58,341 |  |  | $ | 24,041,087 |  |  | a, b, c
Cost of goods sold | 8,366,988 |  |  | 50,276 |  |  | 8,417,264 |  |  | 23,142,205 |  |  | 95,848 |  |  | 23,238,053 |  |  | a, b, c
Gross profit | 247,102 |  |  | (25,956 | ) |  | 221,146 |  |  | 840,541 |  |  | (37,507 | ) |  | 803,034 |  |  |
Marketing, general and administrative | 153,498 |  |  | 1,849 |  |  | 155,347 |  |  | 459,831 |  |  | 6,940 |  |  | 466,771 |  |  | c
Reserve and impairment charges (recoveries), net | 323,901 |  |  | 2,878 |  |  | 326,779 |  |  | 414,009 |  |  | 3,500 |  |  | 417,509 |  |  | c
Operating earnings (loss) | (230,297 | ) |  | (30,683 | ) |  | (260,980 | ) |  | (33,299 | ) |  | (47,947 | ) |  | (81,246 | ) |  |
(Gain) loss on disposal of business | — |  |  | (1,224 | ) |  | (1,224 | ) |  | — |  |  | 1,486 |  |  | 1,486 |  |  | c
Interest expense | 39,201 |  |  | — |  |  | 39,201 |  |  | 117,411 |  |  | — |  |  | 117,411 |  |  |
Other (income) loss | (11,947 | ) |  | (5 | ) |  | (11,952 | ) |  | (66,183 | ) |  | (8,361 | ) |  | (74,544 | ) |  | c
Equity (income) loss from investments | (48,393 | ) |  | — |  |  | (48,393 | ) |  | (124,521 | ) |  | — |  |  | (124,521 | ) |  |
Income (loss) before income taxes | (209,158 | ) |  | (29,454 | ) |  | (238,612 | ) |  | 39,994 |  |  | (41,072 | ) |  | (1,078 | ) |  |
Income tax expense (benefit) | (163,018 | ) |  | (3,106 | ) |  | (166,124 | ) |  | (137,781 | ) |  | (8,582 | ) |  | (146,363 | ) |  | a, c
Net income (loss) | (46,140 | ) |  | (26,348 | ) |  | (72,488 | ) |  | 177,775 |  |  | (32,490 | ) |  | 145,285 |  |  |
Net income (loss) attributable to noncontrolling interests | (955 | ) |  | — |  |  | (955 | ) |  | (757 | ) |  | — |  |  | (757 | ) |  |
Net income (loss) attributable to CHS Inc. | $ | (45,185 | ) |  | $ | (26,348 | ) |  | $ | (71,533 | ) |  | $ | 178,532 |  |  | $ | (32,490 | ) |  | $ | 146,042 |  |  |

For the three months ended May 31, 2017
Freight derivatives and related misstatements
(a) The correction of freight derivatives and related misstatements resulted in a $25.9 million reduction of income before income taxes and a $22.8 million reduction of net income. These adjustments related to a $3.7 million decrease of revenues and a $22.2 million increase of cost of goods sold and a $3.1 million increase of income tax benefit related to the tax effect of the freight derivatives and related misstatements.
Intercompany misstatements
(b) The correction of intercompany misstatements had no impact on income (loss) before income taxes or net income (loss); however, the correction resulted in a $9.6 million decrease of both revenues and cost of goods sold due to different practices of eliminating intercompany sales between CHS's businesses which existed in previous periods.
Other misstatements
(c) The correction of other misstatements resulted in a $3.6 million decrease of income before income taxes and net income. The $3.6 million decrease of income before income taxes and net income relates primarily to a $3.5 million increase of reserve and impairment charges related to a timing difference for a fixed asset impairment charge that should have been recorded during the third quarter of fiscal 2017 rather than the fourth quarter of fiscal 2017.
Additionally, certain misclassification and offsetting adjustments were made between line items included in the Consolidated Statements of Operations primarily due to the application of differing accounting policies between businesses. These misclassification adjustments resulted in a $37.6 million increase of revenues, a $37.6 million increase of cost of goods sold, a $1.8 million increase of marketing, general and administrative expenses, a $0.6 million decrease of reserve and impairment charges and a $1.2 million increase of gain on disposal of business.
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For the nine months ended May 31, 2017
Freight derivatives and related misstatements
(a) The correction of freight derivatives and related misstatements resulted in a $26.2 million reduction of income before income taxes and a $22.1 million reduction of net income. These adjustments related to a $2.9 million reduction of revenues and a $23.2 million increase of cost of goods sold, as well as a $4.1 million increase of income tax benefit related to the tax effect of the freight derivatives and related misstatements.
Intercompany misstatements
(b) The correction of intercompany misstatements had no impact on income (loss) before income taxes or net income (loss); however, the correction resulted in a $28.0 million decrease of both revenues and cost of goods sold due to different practices of eliminating intercompany sales between CHS's businesses which existed in previous periods.
Other misstatements
(c) The correction of other misstatements resulted in a $14.9 million decrease of income before income taxes and a $10.4 million decrease of net income. The $14.9 million decrease of income before income taxes relates primarily to a $12.1 million increase of cost of goods sold that arose from a unit of measure assumption in the calculation of an excise tax credit that was changed during fiscal 2018 and a $3.5 million increase of reserve and impairment charges related to a fixed asset impairment charge that should have been recorded during the third quarter of fiscal 2017 rather than the fourth quarter of fiscal 2017. The overall decrease of income before income taxes was partially offset by a $0.7 million decrease of cost of goods sold related to the valuation of crack spread derivatives. The decrease of income before income taxes was partially offset by an income tax benefit of $4.5 million that was recorded to adjust for the impact of other identified misstatements, as well as income tax items that had previously been identified and recorded as out of period adjustments in subsequent periods.
Additionally, certain misclassification and offsetting adjustments were made between line items included in the Consolidated Statements of Operations primarily due to the application of differing accounting policies between businesses. These misclassification adjustments resulted in an $89.2 million increase of revenues, a $89.2 million increase of cost of goods sold, a $6.9 million increase of marketing, general and administrative expenses, a $1.5 million increase of loss on sale of business and an $8.4 million increase of other income.
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CHS INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS
(Unaudited)

| For the Three Months Ended August 31, 2017 |  |
| As Previously Reported |  | Restatement Adjustments |  | As Restated |  | Restatement References
| (Dollars in thousands) |  |
Revenues | $ | 7,952,005 |  |  | $ | 44,334 |  |  | $ | 7,996,339 |  |  | a, b, c
Cost of goods sold | 7,843,305 |  |  | 61,408 |  |  | 7,904,713 |  |  | a, b, c
Gross profit | 108,700 |  |  | (17,074 | ) |  | 91,626 |  |  |
Marketing, general and administrative | 144,528 |  |  | 708 |  |  | 145,236 |  |  | c
Reserve and impairment charges (recoveries), net | 42,670 |  |  | (3,500 | ) |  | 39,170 |  |  | c
Operating earnings (loss) | (78,498 | ) |  | (14,282 | ) |  | (92,780 | ) |  |
(Gain) loss on disposal of business | — |  |  | 704 |  |  | 704 |  |  | c
Interest expense | 53,828 |  |  | — |  |  | 53,828 |  |  |
Other (income) loss | (24,664 | ) |  | (743 | ) |  | (25,407 | ) |  | c
Equity (income) loss from investments | (12,817 | ) |  | — |  |  | (12,817 | ) |  |
Income (loss) before income taxes | (94,845 | ) |  | (14,243 | ) |  | (109,088 | ) |  |
Income tax expense (benefit) | (44,293 | ) |  | 9,532 |  |  | (34,761 | ) |  | a, c
Net income (loss) | (50,552 | ) |  | (23,775 | ) |  | (74,327 | ) |  |
Net income (loss) attributable to noncontrolling interests | 123 |  |  | — |  |  | 123 |  |  |
Net income (loss) attributable to CHS Inc. | $ | (50,675 | ) |  | $ | (23,775 | ) |  | $ | (74,450 | ) |  |

For the three months ended August 31, 2017
Freight derivatives and related misstatements
(a) The correction of freight derivatives and related misstatements resulted in a $12.0 million reduction of income before income taxes and a $25.2 million reduction of net income. These adjustments related to a $2.9 million increase of revenues, and a $14.9 million increase of cost of goods sold and a $13.3 million decrease of income tax benefit related to the tax effect of the freight derivatives and related misstatements.
Intercompany misstatements
(b) The correction of intercompany misstatements had no impact on income (loss) before income taxes or net income (loss); however, the correction resulted in a $7.7 million decrease of both revenues and cost of goods sold due to different practices of eliminating intercompany sales between CHS's businesses which existed in previous periods.
Other misstatements
(c) The correction of other misstatements resulted in a $2.3 million decrease of income before income taxes and a $1.4 million increase of net income. The $2.3 million decrease of income before income taxes related primarily to a $3.2 million increase of cost of goods sold related to the valuation of crack spread derivatives and a $2.6 million increase of cost of goods sold and marketing, general and administrative expenses related to a timing difference associated with the recording of certain benefit plan expenses. These decreases of income before income taxes were partially offset by a $3.5 million decrease of reserve and impairment charges related to a timing difference for recording a fixed asset impairment charge. The decrease of net income was partially offset by an income tax benefit of $3.7 million that was recorded to adjust for the impact of other identified misstatements, as well as income tax items that had previously been identified and recorded as out of period adjustments in subsequent periods.
Additionally, certain misclassification and offsetting adjustments were made between line items included in the Consolidated Statements of Operations primarily due to the application of differing accounting policies between businesses. These misclassification adjustments resulted in a $49.1 million increase of revenues, a $49.1 million increase of cost of goods sold, a $0.7 million increase of loss on disposal of business and a $0.7 million increase of other income.
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CHS INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME
(Unaudited)

| For the Three Months Ended November 30, 2017 |  |
| As Previously Reported |  | Restatement Adjustments |  | As Restated |  | Restatement References
| (Dollars in thousands) |  |
Net income (loss) | $ | 179,619 |  |  | $ | 7,563 |  |  | $ | 187,182 |  |  | a, c
Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Postretirement benefit plan activity, net of tax expense (benefit) of $2,620 | 4,196 |  |  | (2,602 | ) |  | 1,594 |  |  | c
Unrealized net gain (loss) on available for sale investments net of tax expense (benefit) of $404 | 3,640 |  |  | — |  |  | 3,640 |  |  |
Cash flow hedges net of tax expense (benefit) of $(2) | (4 | ) |  | — |  |  | (4 | ) |  |
Foreign currency translation adjustment net of tax expense (benefit) of $(443) | (2,607 | ) |  | 396 |  |  | (2,211 | ) |  | a
Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax | 5,225 |  |  | (2,206 | ) |  | 3,019 |  |  |
Comprehensive income | 184,844 |  |  | 5,357 |  |  | 190,201 |  |  |
Less comprehensive income attributable to noncontrolling interests | (464 | ) |  | — |  |  | (464 | ) |  |
Comprehensive income attributable to CHS Inc. | $ | 185,308 |  |  | $ | 5,357 |  |  | $ | 190,665 |  |  |

For the three months ended November 30, 2017
Freight derivatives and related misstatements
(a) The correction of freight derivatives and related misstatements resulted in a $1.2 million reduction of net income. Refer to descriptions of the adjustments and their impact on net income (loss) in the Consolidated Statement of Operations section for the three months ended November 30, 2017, above. The adjustment related to foreign currency translation is attributable to the foreign currency impact associated with goodwill that was impaired during fiscal 2015.
Intercompany misstatements
(b) None.
Other misstatements
(c) The correction of other misstatements resulted in an $8.8 million increase of net income. Refer to descriptions of the adjustments and their impact on net income (loss) in the Consolidated Statement of Operations section for the three months ended November 30, 2017, above. The adjustment related to postretirement benefit plan activity is attributable to a timing difference associated with recording certain benefit plan expenses.
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CHS INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME
(Unaudited)

| For the Three Months Ended February 28, 2018 |  | For the Six Months Ended February 28, 2018 |  |
| As Previously Reported |  | Restatement Adjustments |  | As Restated |  | As Previously Reported |  | Restatement Adjustments |  | As Restated |  | Restatement References
| (Dollars in thousands) |  |
Net income (loss) | $ | 166,626 |  |  | $ | (667 | ) |  | $ | 165,959 |  |  | $ | 346,245 |  |  | $ | 6,896 |  |  | $ | 353,141 |  |  | a, c
Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Postretirement benefit plan activity net of tax expense (benefit) of $1,309 and $3,929 | 3,141 |  |  | 1 |  |  | 3,142 |  |  | 7,338 |  |  | (2,602 | ) |  | 4,736 |  |  | c
Unrealized net gain (loss) on available for sale investments net of tax expense (benefit) of $1,481 and $1,885 | 3,554 |  |  | — |  |  | 3,554 |  |  | 7,194 |  |  | — |  |  | 7,194 |  |  |
Cash flow hedges net of tax expense (benefit) of $443 and $441 | 1,063 |  |  | — |  |  | 1,063 |  |  | 1,059 |  |  | — |  |  | 1,059 |  |  |
Foreign currency translation adjustment net of tax expense (benefit) of $422 and $(21) | 2,461 |  |  | (109 | ) |  | 2,352 |  |  | (146 | ) |  | 287 |  |  | 141 |  |  | a
Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax | 10,219 |  |  | (108 | ) |  | 10,111 |  |  | 15,445 |  |  | (2,315 | ) |  | 13,130 |  |  |
Comprehensive income | 176,845 |  |  | (775 | ) |  | 176,070 |  |  | 361,690 |  |  | 4,581 |  |  | 366,271 |  |  |
Less comprehensive income attributable to noncontrolling interests | (48 | ) |  | — |  |  | (48 | ) |  | (512 | ) |  | — |  |  | (512 | ) |  |
Comprehensive income attributable to CHS Inc. | $ | 176,893 |  |  | $ | (775 | ) |  | $ | 176,118 |  |  | $ | 362,202 |  |  | $ | 4,581 |  |  | $ | 366,783 |  |  |

For the three months ended February 28, 2018
Freight derivatives and related misstatements
(a) The correction of freight derivatives and related misstatements resulted in a $22.6 million reduction of net income. Refer to descriptions of the adjustments and their impact on net income (loss) in the Consolidated Statement of Operations section for the three months ended February 28, 2018, above. The adjustment related to foreign currency translation is attributable to the foreign currency impact associated with goodwill that was impaired during fiscal 2015.
Intercompany misstatements
(b) None.
Other misstatements
(c) The correction of other misstatements resulted in a $21.9 million increase of net income. Refer to descriptions of the adjustments and their impact on net income (loss) in the Consolidated Statement of Operations section for the three months ended February 28, 2018, above.
For the six months ended February 28, 2018
Freight derivatives and related misstatements
(a) The correction of freight derivatives and related misstatements resulted in a $23.8 million reduction of net income. Refer to descriptions of the adjustments and their impact on net income (loss) in the Consolidated Statement of Operations section for the six months ended February 28, 2018, above. The adjustment related to foreign currency translation is attributable to the foreign currency impact associated with goodwill that was impaired during fiscal 2015.
Intercompany misstatements
(b) None.
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Other misstatements
(c) The correction of other misstatements resulted in a $30.7 million increase of net income. Refer to descriptions of the adjustments and their impact on net income (loss) in the Consolidated Statement of Operations section for the six months ended February 28, 2018, above. The adjustment related to postretirement benefit plan activity is attributable to a timing difference associated with recording certain benefit plan expenses.
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CHS INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME
(Unaudited)

| For the Three Months Ended May 31, 2018 |  | For the Nine Months Ended May 31, 2018 |  |
| As Previously Reported |  | Restatement Adjustments |  | As Restated |  | As Previously Reported |  | Restatement Adjustments |  | As Restated |  | Restatement References
| (Dollars in thousands) |  |
Net income (loss) | $ | 229,146 |  |  | $ | (47,526 | ) |  | $ | 181,620 |  |  | $ | 575,391 |  |  | $ | (40,630 | ) |  | $ | 534,761 |  |  | a, c
Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Postretirement benefit plan activity net of tax expense (benefit) of $1,424 and $5,353 | 3,417 |  |  | — |  |  | 3,417 |  |  | 10,755 |  |  | (2,602 | ) |  | 8,153 |  |  | c
Unrealized net gain (loss) on available for sale investments net of tax expense (benefit) of $2,620 and $4,505 | 6,286 |  |  | — |  |  | 6,286 |  |  | 13,480 |  |  | — |  |  | 13,480 |  |  |
Cash flow hedges net of tax expense (benefit) of $172 and $613 | 413 |  |  | — |  |  | 413 |  |  | 1,472 |  |  | — |  |  | 1,472 |  |  |
Foreign currency translation adjustment net of tax expense (benefit) of $(254) and $(275) | (11,617 | ) |  | 1,429 |  |  | (10,188 | ) |  | (11,763 | ) |  | 1,716 |  |  | (10,047 | ) |  | a
Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax | (1,501 | ) |  | 1,429 |  |  | (72 | ) |  | 13,944 |  |  | (886 | ) |  | 13,058 |  |  |
Comprehensive income | 227,645 |  |  | (46,097 | ) |  | 181,548 |  |  | 589,335 |  |  | (41,516 | ) |  | 547,819 |  |  |
Less comprehensive income attributable to noncontrolling interests | (187 | ) |  | — |  |  | (187 | ) |  | (699 | ) |  | — |  |  | (699 | ) |  |
Comprehensive income attributable to CHS Inc. | $ | 227,832 |  |  | $ | (46,097 | ) |  | $ | 181,735 |  |  | $ | 590,034 |  |  | $ | (41,516 | ) |  | $ | 548,518 |  |  |

For the three months ended May 31, 2018
Freight derivatives and related misstatements
(a) The correction of freight derivatives and related misstatements resulted in a $24.7 million reduction of net income. Refer to descriptions of the adjustments and their impact on net income (loss) in the Consolidated Statement of Operations section for the three months ended May 31, 2018, above. The adjustment related to foreign currency translation is attributable to the foreign currency impact associated with goodwill that was impaired during fiscal 2015.
Intercompany misstatements
(b) None.
Other misstatements
(c) The correction of other misstatements resulted in a $22.8 million decrease of net income. Refer to descriptions of the adjustments and their impact on net income (loss) in the Consolidated Statement of Operations section for the three months ended May 31, 2018, above.
For the nine months ended May 31, 2018
Freight derivatives and related misstatements
(a) The correction of freight derivatives and related misstatements resulted in a $48.5 million reduction of net income. Refer to descriptions of the adjustments and their impact on net income (loss) in the Consolidated Statement of Operations section for the nine months ended May 31, 2018, above. The adjustment related to foreign currency translation is attributable to the foreign currency impact associated with goodwill that was impaired during fiscal 2015.
Intercompany misstatements
(b) None.
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Other misstatements
(c) The correction of other misstatements resulted in a $7.9 million increase of net income. Refer to descriptions of the adjustments and their impact on net income (loss) in the Consolidated Statement of Operations section for the nine months ended May 31, 2018, above. The adjustment related to postretirement benefit plan activity relates to a timing difference associated with recording certain benefit plan expenses.
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CHS INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME
(Unaudited)

| For the Three Months Ended November 30, 2016 |  |
| As Previously Reported |  | Restatement Adjustments |  | As Restated |  | Restatement References
| (Dollars in thousands) |  |
Net income (loss) | $ | 208,942 |  |  | $ | (5,786 | ) |  | $ | 203,156 |  |  | a, c
Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Postretirement benefit plan activity net of tax expense (benefit) of $2,011 | 3,239 |  |  | — |  |  | 3,239 |  |  |
Unrealized net gain (loss) on available for sale investments net of tax expense (benefit) of $482 | 777 |  |  | — |  |  | 777 |  |  |
Cash flow hedges net of tax expense (benefit) of $406 | 654 |  |  | — |  |  | 654 |  |  |
Foreign currency translation adjustment net of tax expense (benefit) of $(209) | (19,164 | ) |  | 1,089 |  |  | (18,075 | ) |  | a
Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax | (14,494 | ) |  | 1,089 |  |  | (13,405 | ) |  |
Comprehensive income | 194,448 |  |  | (4,697 | ) |  | 189,751 |  |  |
Less comprehensive income attributable to noncontrolling interests | (208 | ) |  | — |  |  | (208 | ) |  |
Comprehensive income attributable to CHS Inc. | $ | 194,656 |  |  | $ | (4,697 | ) |  | $ | 189,959 |  |  |

For the three months ended November 30, 2016
Freight derivatives and related misstatements
(a) The correction of freight derivatives and related misstatements resulted in a $0.6 million increase of net income. Refer to descriptions of the adjustments and their impact on net income (loss) in the Consolidated Statement of Operations section for the three months ended November 30, 2016, above. The adjustment related to foreign currency translation is attributable to the foreign currency impact associated with goodwill that was impaired during fiscal 2015.
Intercompany misstatements
(b) None.
Other misstatements
(c) The correction of other misstatements resulted in a $6.4 million decrease of net income. Refer to descriptions of the adjustments and their impact on net income (loss) in the Consolidated Statement of Operations section for the three months ended November 30, 2016, above.
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CHS INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME
(Unaudited)

| For the Three Months Ended February 28, 2017 |  | For the Six Months Ended February 28, 2017 |  |
| As Previously Reported |  | Restatement Adjustments |  | As Restated |  | As Previously Reported |  | Restatement Adjustments |  | As Restated |  | Restatement References
| (Dollars in thousands) |  |
Net income (loss) | $ | 14,973 |  |  | $ | (356 | ) |  | $ | 14,617 |  |  | $ | 223,915 |  |  | $ | (6,142 | ) |  | $ | 217,773 |  |  | a, c
Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Postretirement benefit plan activity net of tax expense (benefit) of $2,312 and $4,323 | 3,724 |  |  | — |  |  | 3,724 |  |  | 6,963 |  |  | — |  |  | 6,963 |  |  |
Unrealized net gain (loss) on available for sale investments net of tax expense (benefit) of $600 and $1,083 | 968 |  |  | — |  |  | 968 |  |  | 1,744 |  |  | 1 |  |  | 1,745 |  |  | c
Cash flow hedges net of tax expense (benefit) of $598 and $1,005 | 963 |  |  | 1 |  |  | 964 |  |  | 1,618 |  |  | — |  |  | 1,618 |  |  | c
Foreign currency translation adjustment net of tax expense (benefit) of $(204) and $5 | 9,123 |  |  | (936 | ) |  | 8,187 |  |  | (10,041 | ) |  | 153 |  |  | (9,888 | ) |  | a
Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax | 14,778 |  |  | (935 | ) |  | 13,843 |  |  | 284 |  |  | 154 |  |  | 438 |  |  |
Comprehensive income | 29,751 |  |  | (1,291 | ) |  | 28,460 |  |  | 224,199 |  |  | (5,988 | ) |  | 218,211 |  |  |
Less comprehensive income attributable to noncontrolling interests | 406 |  |  | — |  |  | 406 |  |  | 198 |  |  | — |  |  | 198 |  |  |
Comprehensive income attributable to CHS Inc. | $ | 29,345 |  |  | $ | (1,291 | ) |  | $ | 28,054 |  |  | $ | 224,001 |  |  | $ | (5,988 | ) |  | $ | 218,013 |  |  |

For the three months ended February 28, 2017
Freight derivatives and related misstatements
(a) The correction of freight derivatives and related misstatements resulted in a $0.2 million increase of net income. Refer to descriptions of the adjustments and their impact on net income (loss) in the Consolidated Statement of Operations section for the three months ended February 28, 2017, above. The adjustment related to foreign currency translation is attributable to the foreign currency impact associated with goodwill that was impaired during fiscal 2015.
Intercompany misstatements
(b) None.
Other misstatements
(c) The correction of other misstatements resulted in a $0.6 million decrease of net income. Refer to descriptions of the adjustments and their impact on net income (loss) in the Consolidated Statement of Operations section for the three months ended February 28, 2017, above.
For the six months ended February 28, 2017
Freight derivatives and related misstatements
(a) The correction of freight derivatives and related misstatements resulted in a $0.8 million increase of net income. Refer to descriptions of the adjustments and their impact on net income (loss) in the Consolidated Statement of Operations section for the six months ended February 28, 2017, above. The adjustment related to foreign currency translation relates to the foreign currency impact associated with goodwill that was impaired during fiscal 2015.
Intercompany misstatements
(b) None.
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Other misstatements
(c) The correction of other misstatements resulted in a $6.9 million decrease of net income. Refer to descriptions of the adjustments and their impact on net income (loss) in the Consolidated Statement of Operations section for the six months ended February 28, 2017, above.
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CHS INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME
(Unaudited)

| For the Three Months Ended May 31, 2017 |  | For the Nine Months Ended May 31, 2017 |  |
| As Previously Reported |  | Restatement Adjustments |  | As Restated |  | As Previously Reported |  | Restatement Adjustments |  | As Restated |  | Restatement References
| (Dollars in thousands) |  |
Net income (loss) | $ | (46,140 | ) |  | $ | (26,348 | ) |  | $ | (72,488 | ) |  | $ | 177,775 |  |  | $ | (32,490 | ) |  | $ | 145,285 |  |  | a, c
Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Postretirement benefit plan activity net of tax expense (benefit) of $2,257 and $6,580 | 3,635 |  |  | 1 |  |  | 3,636 |  |  | 10,599 |  |  | — |  |  | 10,599 |  |  | c
Unrealized net gain (loss) on available for sale investments net of tax expense (benefit) of $(72) and $1,010 | (117 | ) |  | (1 | ) |  | (118 | ) |  | 1,627 |  |  | — |  |  | 1,627 |  |  | c
Cash flow hedges net of tax expense (benefit) of $233 and $1,238 | 375 |  |  | — |  |  | 375 |  |  | 1,993 |  |  | — |  |  | 1,993 |  |  |
Foreign currency translation adjustment net of tax expense (benefit) of $(334) and $(329) | (2,151 | ) |  | 782 |  |  | (1,369 | ) |  | (12,193 | ) |  | 936 |  |  | (11,257 | ) |  | a
Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax | 1,742 |  |  | 782 |  |  | 2,524 |  |  | 2,026 |  |  | 936 |  |  | 2,962 |  |  |
Comprehensive income | (44,398 | ) |  | (25,566 | ) |  | (69,964 | ) |  | 179,801 |  |  | (31,554 | ) |  | 148,247 |  |  |
Less comprehensive income attributable to noncontrolling interests | (955 | ) |  | — |  |  | (955 | ) |  | (757 | ) |  | — |  |  | (757 | ) |  |
Comprehensive income attributable to CHS Inc. | $ | (43,443 | ) |  | $ | (25,566 | ) |  | $ | (69,009 | ) |  | $ | 180,558 |  |  | $ | (31,554 | ) |  | $ | 149,004 |  |  |

For the three months ended May 31, 2017
Freight derivatives and related misstatements
(a) The correction of freight derivatives and related misstatements resulted in a $22.8 million reduction of net income. Refer to descriptions of the adjustments and their impact on net income (loss) in the Consolidated Statement of Operations section for the three months ended May 31, 2017, above. The adjustment related to foreign currency translation is attributable to the foreign currency impact associated with goodwill that was impaired during fiscal 2015.
Intercompany misstatements
(b) None.
Other misstatements
(c) The correction of other misstatements resulted in a $3.6 million decrease of net income. Refer to descriptions of the adjustments and their impact on net income (loss) in the Consolidated Statement of Operations section for the three months ended May 31, 2017, above.
For the nine months ended May 31, 2017
Freight derivatives and related misstatements
(a) The correction of freight derivatives and related misstatements resulted in a $22.1 million reduction of net income. Refer to descriptions of the adjustments and their impact on net income (loss) in the Consolidated Statement of Operations section for the nine months ended May 31, 2017, above. The adjustment related to foreign currency translation is attributable to the foreign currency impact associated with goodwill that was impaired during fiscal 2015.
Intercompany misstatements
(b) None.
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Other misstatements
(c) The correction of other misstatements resulted in a $10.4 million decrease of net income. Refer to descriptions of the adjustments and their impact on net income (loss) in the Consolidated Statement of Operations section for the nine months ended May 31, 2017, above.
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CHS INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME
(Unaudited)

| For the Three Months Ended August 31, 2017 |  |
| As Previously Reported |  | Restatement Adjustments |  | As Restated |  | Restatement References
| (Dollars in thousands) |  |
Net income (loss) | $ | (50,552 | ) |  | $ | (23,775 | ) |  | $ | (74,327 | ) |  | a, c
Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Postretirement benefit plan activity net of tax expense (benefit) of $12,108 | 19,501 |  |  | 2,602 |  |  | 22,103 |  |  | c
Unrealized net gain (loss) on available for sale investments net of tax expense (benefit) of $1,722 | 2,758 |  |  | — |  |  | 2,758 |  |  |
Cash flow hedges net of tax expense (benefit) of $155 | 249 |  |  | — |  |  | 249 |  |  |
Foreign currency translation adjustment net of tax expense (benefit) of $542 | 3,522 |  |  | (424 | ) |  | 3,098 |  |  | a
Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax | 26,030 |  |  | 2,178 |  |  | 28,208 |  |  |
Comprehensive income | (24,522 | ) |  | (21,597 | ) |  | (46,119 | ) |  |
Less comprehensive income attributable to noncontrolling interests | 123 |  |  | — |  |  | 123 |  |  |
Comprehensive income attributable to CHS Inc. | $ | (24,645 | ) |  | $ | (21,597 | ) |  | $ | (46,242 | ) |  |

For the three months ended August 31, 2017
Freight derivatives and related misstatements
(a) The correction of freight derivatives and related misstatements resulted in a $25.2 million reduction of net income. Refer to descriptions of the adjustments and their impact on net income (loss) in the Consolidated Statement of Operations section for the three months ended August 31, 2017, above. The adjustment related to foreign currency translation is attributable to the foreign currency impact associated with goodwill that was impaired during fiscal 2015.
Intercompany misstatements
(b) None.
Other misstatements
(c) The correction of other misstatements resulted in a $1.4 million increase of net income. Refer to descriptions of the adjustments and their impact on net income (loss) in the Consolidated Statement of Operations section for the three months ended August 31, 2017, above. The adjustment related to postretirement benefit plan activity relates to a timing difference associated with recording certain benefit plan expenses.
F-98