Derivative Financial Instruments and Hedging Activities

Our derivative instruments primarily consist of commodity and forward contracts and, to a minor degree, may include foreign currency and interest rate swap contracts. These contracts are economic hedges of price risk, but we do not apply hedge accounting under ASC Topic 815, except with respect to certain interest rate swap contracts accounted for as fair value hedges and certain future crude oil purchases that are accounted for as cash flow hedges. Derivative instruments are primarily recorded within other current assets and other current liabilities on our Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets at fair value as described in Note 12, Fair Value Measurements.

Derivatives Not Designated as Hedging Instruments

The following tables present the gross fair values of derivative assets, derivative liabilities and margin deposits (cash collateral) recorded on our Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets, along with related amounts permitted to be offset in accordance with U.S. GAAP. We have elected not to offset derivative assets and liabilities when we have the right of offset under ASC Topic 210-20, Balance Sheet - Offsetting, or when the instruments are subject to master netting arrangements under ASC Topic 815-10-45, Derivatives and Hedging - Overall.



	February 29, 2020
			Amounts Not Offset on Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheet but Eligible for Offsetting
	Gross Amount Recognized		Cash Collateral		Derivative Instruments		Net Amount
	(Dollars in thousands)
Derivative Assets
Commodity derivatives	$	253,320	$	—	$	39,276	$	214,044
Foreign exchange derivatives	6,274		—		5,635		639
Embedded derivative asset	18,281		—		—		18,281
Total	$	277,875	$	—	$	44,911	$	232,964
Derivative Liabilities
Commodity derivatives	$	207,978	$	4,300	$	72,867	$	130,811
Foreign exchange derivatives	52,817		—		5,635		47,182
Total	$	260,795	$	4,300	$	78,502	$	177,993



	August 31, 2019
			Amounts Not Offset on Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheet but Eligible for Offsetting
	Gross Amount Recognized		Cash Collateral		Derivative Instruments		Net Amount
	(Dollars in thousands)
Derivative Assets
Commodity derivatives	$	215,030	$	—	$	58,726	$	156,304
Foreign exchange derivatives	10,334		—		7,108		3,226
Embedded derivative asset	21,364		—		—		21,364
Total	$	246,728	$	—	$	65,834	$	180,894
Derivative Liabilities
Commodity derivatives	$	223,410	$	4,191	$	41,647	$	177,572
Foreign exchange derivatives	20,609		—		7,108		13,501
Total	$	244,019	$	4,191	$	48,755	$	191,073

Derivative assets and liabilities with maturities of 12 months or less are recorded in other current assets and other current liabilities, respectively, on our Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets. Derivative assets and liabilities with maturities greater than 12 months are recorded in other assets and other liabilities, respectively, on our Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets. The amount of long-term derivative assets, excluding derivatives designated as cash flow or fair value hedges, recorded on our Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets at February 29, 2020, and August 31, 2019, was $15.4 million and $26.6 million, respectively. The amount of long-term derivative liabilities, excluding derivatives designated as cash flow or fair value hedges, recorded on our Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets at February 29, 2020, and August 31, 2019, was $2.7 million and $7.4 million, respectively.

The majority of our derivative instruments have not been designated as hedging instruments. The following table sets forth the pretax gains (losses) on derivatives not accounted for as hedging instruments that have been included in our Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations for the three and six months ended February 29, 2020, and February 28, 2019.



		Three Months Ended						Six Months Ended
	Location of Gain (Loss)	February 29, 2020			February 28, 2019			February 29, 2020			February 28, 2019
		(Dollars in thousands)
Commodity derivatives	Cost of goods sold	$	100,268		$	72,010		$	142,942		$	65,563
Foreign exchange derivatives	Cost of goods sold	(37,148		)	8,284			(47,309		)	27,981
Foreign exchange derivatives	Marketing, general and administrative expenses	195			(583		)	1,938			(1,414		)
Embedded derivative	Other income	348			392			1,917			1,963
Total		$	63,663		$	80,103		$	99,488		$	94,093

Commodity Contracts

As of February 29, 2020, and August 31, 2019, we had outstanding commodity futures and options contracts that were used as economic hedges, as well as fixed-price forward contracts related to physical purchases and sales of commodities. The table below presents the notional volumes for all outstanding commodity contracts accounted for as derivative instruments.



	February 29, 2020		August 31, 2019
	Long	Short	Long	Short
	(Units in thousands)
Grain and oilseed (bushels)	525,334	730,285	547,096	717,522
Energy products (barrels)	13,197	8,940	13,895	4,663
Processed grain and oilseed (tons)	414	2,283	597	2,454
Crop nutrients (tons)	32	23	76	23
Ocean freight (metric tons)	90	90	295	85
Natural gas (MMBtu)	—	—	130	—

Foreign Exchange Contracts

We conduct a substantial portion of our business in U.S. dollars, but we are exposed to risks relating to foreign currency fluctuations primarily due to global grain marketing transactions in South America, the Asia Pacific region and Europe, and purchases of products from Canada. We use foreign currency derivative instruments to mitigate the impact of exchange rate fluctuations. Although we have some risk exposure related to foreign currency transactions, a larger impact with exchange rate fluctuations is the ability of foreign buyers to purchase U.S. agricultural products and the competitiveness of U.S. agricultural products compared to the same products offered by alternative sources of world supply. The notional amounts of our foreign exchange derivative contracts were $1.2 billion and $894.7 million as of February 29, 2020, and August 31, 2019, respectively.

Embedded Derivative Asset

Under the terms of our strategic investment in CF Nitrogen, if the CF Industries credit rating is reduced below certain levels by two of three specified credit ratings agencies, we are entitled to receive a nonrefundable annual payment of $5.0 million from CF Industries. These payments will continue on an annual basis until the date that the CF Industries credit rating is upgraded to or above certain levels by two of the three specified credit ratings agencies or February 1, 2026, whichever is earlier.

Since the CF Industries credit rating was reduced below the specified levels during fiscal 2017, we have received an annual payment of $5.0 million from CF Industries. Gains totaling $1.9 million were recognized in other income in our Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations for the six months ended February 29, 2020, and February 28, 2019. The fair value of the embedded derivative asset recorded on our Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheet as of February 29, 2020, was equal to $18.3 million. The current and long-term portions of the embedded derivative asset are included in other current assets and other assets on our Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets, respectively. See Note 12, Fair Value Measurements, for additional information regarding valuation of the embedded derivative asset.

Derivatives Designated as Fair Value or Cash Flow Hedging Strategies

Fair Value Hedges

As of February 29, 2020, and August 31, 2019, we had outstanding interest rate swaps with an aggregate notional amount of $365.0 million designated as fair value hedges of portions of our fixed-rate debt that is due between fiscal 2021 and fiscal 2025. Our objective in entering into these transactions is to offset changes in the fair value of the debt associated with the risk of variability in the three-month U.S. dollar LIBOR interest rate ("LIBOR"), in essence converting the fixed-rate debt to variable-rate debt. Under these interest rate swaps, we receive fixed-rate interest payments and make interest payments based on the three-month LIBOR. Offsetting changes in the fair values of both the swap instruments and the hedged debt are recorded contemporaneously each period and only create an impact to earnings to the extent the hedge is ineffective.

The following table presents the fair value of our derivative interest rate swap instruments designated as fair value hedges and the line item on our Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets in which they are recorded.



Balance Sheet Location	February 29, 2020		August 31, 2019
	(Dollars in thousands)
Other assets	$	12,649	$	9,841

The following table sets forth the pretax gains (losses) on derivatives accounted for as hedging instruments that have been included in our Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations for the three and six months ended February 29, 2020, and February 28, 2019.



		Three Months Ended						Six Months Ended
Gain (Loss) on Fair Value Hedging Relationships	Location of Gain (Loss)	February 29, 2020			February 28, 2019			February 29, 2020			February 28, 2019
		(Dollars in thousands)
Interest rate swaps	Interest expense	$	5,763		$	(6,052	)	$	2,808		$	(7,007	)
Hedged item	Interest expense	(5,763		)	6,052			(2,808		)	7,007
Total		$	—		$	—		$	—		$	—

The following table provides the location and carrying amount of hedged liabilities in our Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets as of February 29, 2020, and August 31, 2019.



	February 29, 2020				August 31, 2019
Balance Sheet Location	Carrying Amount of Hedged Liabilities		Cumulative Amount of Fair Value Hedging Adjustments Included in Carrying Amount of Hedged Liabilities		Carrying Amount of Hedged Liabilities		Cumulative Amount of Fair Value Hedging Adjustments Included in Carrying Amount of Hedged Liabilities
	(Dollars in thousands)
Long-term debt	$	337,197	$	27,803	$	334,389	$	30,611

Cash Flow Hedges

In fiscal 2018, our Energy segment began designating certain pay-fixed, receive-variable, cash-settled swaps as cash flow hedges of future crude oil purchases. We also began designating certain pay-variable, receive-fixed, cash-settled swaps as cash flow hedges of future refined product sales. These hedging instruments and the related hedged items are exposed to significant market price risk and potential volatility. As part of our risk management strategy, we look to hedge a portion of our expected future crude oil needs and the resulting refined product output based on prevailing futures prices, management's expectations about future commodity price changes and our risk appetite. As of February 29, 2020, and August 31, 2019, the aggregate notional amount of cash flow hedges was 6.0 million and 7.7 million barrels, respectively.

The following table presents the fair value of our commodity derivative instruments designated as cash flow hedges and the line items on our Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets in which they are recorded.



	Derivative Assets					Derivative Liabilities
Balance Sheet Location	February 29, 2020		August 31, 2019		Balance Sheet Location	February 29, 2020		August 31, 2019
	(Dollars in thousands)					(Dollars in thousands)
Other current assets	$	25,861	$	33,179	Other current liabilities	$	13,267	$	5,351

The following table presents the pretax losses recorded in other comprehensive income relating to cash flow hedges for the three and six months ended February 29, 2020, and February 28, 2019:



	Three Months Ended					Six Months Ended
	February 29, 2020			February 28, 2019		February 29, 2020			February 28, 2019
	(Dollars in thousands)
Commodity derivatives	$	(8,130	)	$	14,170	$	(15,233	)	$	11,707

The following table presents the pretax gains relating to cash flow hedges that were reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive loss into our Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations for the three and six months ended February 29, 2020, and February 28, 2019:



		Three Months Ended				Six Months Ended
	Location of Gain	February 29, 2020		February 28, 2019		February 29, 2020		February 28, 2019
		(Dollars in thousands)
Commodity derivatives	Cost of goods sold	$	2,126	$	6,102	$	6,978	$	8,002