<SEC-DOCUMENT>0001171843-25-003334.txt : 20250520
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<ACCEPTANCE-DATETIME>20250520123401
ACCESSION NUMBER:		0001171843-25-003334
CONFORMED SUBMISSION TYPE:	8-K
PUBLIC DOCUMENT COUNT:		14
CONFORMED PERIOD OF REPORT:	20250520
ITEM INFORMATION:		Other Events
ITEM INFORMATION:		Financial Statements and Exhibits
FILED AS OF DATE:		20250520
DATE AS OF CHANGE:		20250520

FILER:

	COMPANY DATA:	
		COMPANY CONFORMED NAME:			Sono Group N.V.
		CENTRAL INDEX KEY:			0001840416
		STANDARD INDUSTRIAL CLASSIFICATION:	SEMICONDUCTORS & RELATED DEVICES [3674]
		ORGANIZATION NAME:           	04 Manufacturing
		EIN:				000000000
		STATE OF INCORPORATION:			P7
		FISCAL YEAR END:			1231

	FILING VALUES:
		FORM TYPE:		8-K
		SEC ACT:		1934 Act
		SEC FILE NUMBER:	001-41066
		FILM NUMBER:		25967423

	BUSINESS ADDRESS:	
		STREET 1:		WALDMEISTERSTRASSE 93
		CITY:			MUNICH
		STATE:			2M
		ZIP:			80935
		BUSINESS PHONE:		49-89-45205818

	MAIL ADDRESS:	
		STREET 1:		WALDMEISTERSTRASSE 93
		CITY:			MUNICH
		STATE:			2M
		ZIP:			80935
</SEC-HEADER>
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<p style="margin: 0pt 0; font-size: 18pt; text-align: center; background-color: white; color: #333333"><b>UNITED STATES</b></p>

<p style="margin: 0pt 0; font-size: 18pt; text-align: center; background-color: white; color: #333333"><b>SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION</b></p>

<p style="margin: 0pt 0; font-size: 10pt; text-align: center; background-color: white; color: #333333"><b>Washington, D.C. 20549</b></p>

<p style="margin: 0pt 0; font-size: 10pt; text-align: center; background-color: white; color: #333333">&#160;</p>

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<p style="margin: 0pt 0; font-size: 10pt; text-align: center; background-color: white; color: #333333"><b>CURRENT REPORT</b></p>

<p style="margin: 0pt 0; font-size: 10pt; text-align: center; background-color: white; color: #333333"><b>PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(D)
</b></p>

<p style="margin: 0pt 0; font-size: 10pt; text-align: center; background-color: white; color: #333333"><b>OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT
OF 1934</b></p>

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<p style="margin: 0pt 0; font-size: 10pt; text-align: center; background-color: white; color: #333333"><b>Date of Report (Date of earliest
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<p style="margin: 0pt 0; font-size: 10pt; text-align: center; background-color: white; color: #333333"><b>&#160;</b></p>

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<p style="margin: 0pt 0; font-size: 10pt; text-align: center; background-color: white; color: #333333"><b>&#160;</b></p>

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</b></span><b><span style="font-size: 10pt">(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)</span></b></p>

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<p style="margin: 0pt 0; font-size: 10pt; text-align: center; color: #333333"></p>

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<p style="margin: 0pt 0; font-size: 10pt; text-align: center; color: #333333"></p>

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<p style="margin: 0pt 0; font-size: 10pt; text-align: center; color: #333333">&#160;</p>

<p style="margin: 0pt 0; font-size: 10pt; text-align: center; color: #333333"></p>

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<p style="margin: 0pt 0; font-size: 10pt; text-align: center; color: #333333">&#160;</p>

<p style="margin: 0pt 0; font-size: 10pt; background-color: white; color: #333333"><br/>
Check the appropriate box below if the Form 8-K filing is intended to simultaneously satisfy the filing obligation of the registrant under
any of the following provisions (see General Instruction A.2. below):</p>

<p style="margin: 0pt 0; font-size: 10pt; background-color: white; color: #333333">&#160;</p>

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    <td style="font-size: 10pt; color: #333333"><span id="xdx_907_edei--SolicitingMaterial_c20250520__20250520_zJNDIwBVa9Dh"><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="AsOf2025-05-20" format="ixt:booleanfalse" id="Fact000023" name="dei:SolicitingMaterial">&#9744;</ix:nonNumeric></span></td>
    <td style="font-size: 10pt; color: #333333; text-align: left">Soliciting material pursuant to Rule 14a-12 under the Exchange Act (17 CFR 240.14a-12)</td></tr>
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    <td style="font-size: 10pt; color: #333333">&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
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    <td style="font-size: 10pt; color: #333333"><span id="xdx_901_edei--PreCommencementTenderOffer_c20250520__20250520_zQ1h4Yeme7e8"><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="AsOf2025-05-20" format="ixt:booleanfalse" id="Fact000024" name="dei:PreCommencementTenderOffer">&#9744;</ix:nonNumeric></span></td>
    <td style="font-size: 10pt; color: #333333; text-align: left">Pre-commencement communications pursuant to Rule 14d-2(b) under the Exchange Act (17 CFR 240.14d-2(b))</td></tr>
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    <td style="font-size: 10pt; color: #333333">&#160;</td>
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    <td style="font-size: 10pt; color: #333333; text-align: left">Pre-commencement communications pursuant to Rule 13e-4(c) under the Exchange Act (17 CFR 240.13e-4(c))</td></tr>
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<p style="margin: 0pt 0; font-size: 10pt; background-color: white; color: #333333">&#160;</p>

<p style="margin: 0pt 0; font-size: 10pt; background-color: white; color: #333333">Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of
the Act:</p>

<p style="margin: 0pt 0; font-size: 10pt; background-color: white; color: #333333">&#160;</p>

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<p style="margin: 0pt 0; font-size: 10pt; background-color: white; color: #333333">&#160;</p>

<p style="margin: 0pt 0; font-size: 10pt; background-color: white; color: #333333">Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is an
emerging growth company as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act of 1933 (&#167;230.405 of this chapter) or Rule 12b-2 of the Securities
Exchange Act of 1934 (&#167;240.12b-2 of this chapter).</p>

<p style="margin: 0pt 0; font-size: 10pt; background-color: white; color: #333333">&#160;</p>

<p style="margin: 0pt 0; font-size: 10pt; text-align: right; background-color: white; color: #333333">Emerging growth company <span id="xdx_90D_edei--EntityEmergingGrowthCompany_c20250520__20250520_zgIPNRBncJJ2"><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="AsOf2025-05-20" format="ixt:booleantrue" id="Fact000029" name="dei:EntityEmergingGrowthCompany">&#9746;</ix:nonNumeric></span></p>

<p style="margin: 0pt 0; font-size: 10pt; text-align: right; background-color: white; color: #333333">&#160;</p>

<p style="margin: 0pt 0; font-size: 10pt; background-color: white; color: #333333">If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark
if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards
provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. <span id="xdx_90B_edei--EntityExTransitionPeriod_c20250520__20250520_z8TdInlgdhO2"><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="AsOf2025-05-20" format="ixt:booleanfalse" id="Fact000030" name="dei:EntityExTransitionPeriod">&#9744;</ix:nonNumeric></span></p>

<p style="margin: 0pt 0; font-size: 10pt; background-color: white; color: #333333">&#160;</p>

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<p style="margin: 0pt 0; font-size: 10pt; background-color: white; color: #333333">&#160;</p>

<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="width: 100%; font-size: 10pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><tr style="vertical-align: top">
<td style="width: 0"/><td style="width: 1in"><b>Item 8.01</b></td><td><b>Other Items.</b></td></tr></table>

<p style="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</p>

<p style="margin: 0pt 0; font-size: 10pt">On May 20, 2025, Sono Group N.V. (the &#8220;Company&#8221;) furnished an unaudited pro forma
condensed consolidated balance sheet and statement of income as of and for the three months ended March 31, 2025 (the &#8220;Pro Forma
Financial Information&#8221;) as part of the Company&#8217;s application for listing on the Nasdaq Capital Market (&#8220;Nasdaq&#8221;).</p>

<p style="margin: 0pt 0; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</p>

<p style="margin: 0pt 0; font-size: 10pt">The Pro Forma Financial Information gives effect to the transactions contemplated by the following
previously-disclosed agreements: (i) the securities purchase agreement (the &#8220;Securities Purchase Agreement&#8221;) entered into
between the Company and YA II PN, Ltd. (&#8220;Yorkville&#8221;) on December 30, 2024, pursuant to which Yorkville committed to provide
limited financing to the Company in the amount of $5,000,000 (the &#8220;Yorkville Commitment&#8221;) in the form of a new convertible
debenture (the &#8220;Commitment Debenture&#8221;), subject to certain conditions and limitations, including the Company&#8217;s receipt
of notice from Nasdaq that the Company has met all the applicable requirements for listing of the Company&#8217;s ordinary shares on Nasdaq,
(ii) the exchange agreement (the &#8220;Exchange Agreement&#8221;) entered into between the Company and Yorkville on December 30, 2024,
pursuant to which the Company agreed, subject to the satisfactions of certain conditions precedent, to issue 1,242 shares of preferred
stock of the Company, each with a nominal value of &#8364;300 (the &#8220;Preferred Shares&#8221;), to Yorkville solely in exchange for
the surrender and cancellation of all of the debentures held by Yorkville, including the Commitment Debenture, if issued, and the Advance
Debentures (as defined below), (iii) the omnibus amendment to transaction documents entered into between the Company and Yorkville on
February 12, 2025 (the &#8220;First Omnibus Amendment&#8221;), which provided for, among other things, an immediate advance of $1,000,000
of the Yorkville Commitment in the form of a $1,000,000 secured convertible debenture (the &#8220;First Advance Debenture&#8221;), (iv)
the omnibus amendment to transaction documents entered into between the Company and Yorkville on March 7, 2025 (the &#8220;Second Omnibus
Amendment&#8221;), which, among other things, modified the terms of the Exchange Agreement to amend the floor price provided for in the
Exchange Agreement, (v) the omnibus amendment to transaction documents entered into between the Company and Yorkville on March 25, 2025
(the &#8220;Third Omnibus Amendment&#8221;), which provided for, among other things, a second immediate advance of $1,000,000 of the Yorkville
Commitment in the form of a $1,000,000 secured convertible debenture (the &#8220;Second Advance Debenture&#8221;) and (vi) the omnibus
amendment to transaction documents entered into between the Company and Yorkville on April 24, 2025 (the &#8220;Fourth Omnibus Amendment&#8221;
and together with the First Omnibus Amendment, the Second Omnibus Amendment and the Third Omnibus Amendment, the &#8220;Omnibus Amendments&#8221;),
which provided for, among other things, a third immediate advance of $500,000 of the Yorkville Commitment in the form of a $500,000 secured
convertible debenture (the &#8220;Third Advance Debenture&#8221; and together with the First Advance Debenture and the Second Advance
Debenture, the &#8220;Advance Debentures&#8221;).</p>

<p style="margin: 0pt 0; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</p>

<p style="margin: 0pt 0; font-size: 10pt">Additional information and background on the Securities Purchase Agreement, the Exchange Agreement,
the Omnibus Amendments and the other agreements and transactions related thereto may be found in the Company&#8217;s Form 6-K filed with
the Securities and Exchange Commission (&#8220;SEC&#8221;) on December 30, 2024 and the Company&#8217;s Form 8-Ks filed with the SEC on
February 13, 2025, March 7, 2025, March 26, 2025 and April 25, 2025. The Company&#8217;s listing application has not yet been approved
by Nasdaq, and there is no assurance that its listing application will be approved by Nasdaq.</p>

<p style="margin: 0pt 0; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</p>

<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="width: 100%; font-size: 10pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><tr style="vertical-align: top">
<td style="width: 0"/><td style="width: 1in"><b>Item 9.01</b></td><td><b>Financial Statements and Exhibits.</b></td></tr></table>

<p style="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</p>

<p style="margin: 0pt 0; font-size: 10pt">(d) Exhibits.</p>

<p style="margin: 0pt 0; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</p>

<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="width: 100%; font-size: 10pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><tr style="vertical-align: top">
<td><span style="text-decoration: underline">Exhibit No.</span></td><td><span style="text-decoration: underline">Description of Exhibit</span></td></tr>
                                                                                                                 <tr style="vertical-align: top">
<td>&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td></tr>
                                                                                                                 <tr style="vertical-align: top">
<td style="width: 1in"><a href="exh_991.htm">99.1</a></td><td><a href="exh_991.htm">Sono Group N.V. pro forma condensed consolidated balance sheet and statement of income as of and for the three months ended March
31, 2025</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align: top">
<td>&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td></tr>
                  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
<td>104</td><td>Cover Page Interactive Data File (embedded within the Inline XBRL document)</td></tr>
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<p style="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</p>

<p style="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; font-size: 10pt"></p>

<!-- Field: Page; Sequence: 2 -->
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<p style="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</p>

<p style="margin: 0pt 0; font-size: 10pt; text-align: center"><b>SIGNATURE</b></p>

<p style="margin: 0pt 0; font-size: 10pt; text-align: center">&#160;</p>

<p style="margin: 0pt 0; font-size: 10pt">Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly
caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned hereunto duly authorized.<br/>
</p>

<p style="margin: 0pt 0; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</p>

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    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td colspan="3" style="font-size: 10pt"><span style="font-size: 10pt"><b>Sono Group N.V.</b></span></td></tr>
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    <td>&#160;</td>
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    <td>&#160;</td>
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    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: right; font-size: 10pt"><span style="font-size: 10pt">By</span></td>
    <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; font-size: 10pt"><span style="font-size: 10pt">&#160;&#160;/s/ George O&#8217;Leary</span></td></tr>
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    <td style="width: 60%">&#160;</td>
    <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 5%; text-align: right; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 5%; font-size: 10pt"><span style="font-size: 10pt">Name: </span></td>
    <td style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 30%; font-size: 10pt"><span style="font-size: 10pt">George O&#8217;Leary</span></td></tr>
  <tr>
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="vertical-align: top; text-align: right; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="vertical-align: top; font-size: 10pt"><span style="font-size: 10pt">Title:</span></td>
    <td style="vertical-align: bottom">
    <p style="margin: 0pt 0; font-size: 10pt">Managing Director</p>
    <p style="margin: 0pt 0; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</p>
    <p style="margin: 0pt 0; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</p>
    <p style="margin: 0pt 0; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</p></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: right; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: right; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: right; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</td></tr>
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<p style="margin: 0pt 0; font-size: 10pt"><b>&#160;</b></p>

<p style="margin: 0pt 0; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</p>

<p style="margin: 0pt 0; font-size: 10pt">Date: May 20, 2025</p>

<p style="margin: 0pt 0; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</p>

<p style="margin: 0pt 0; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</p>

<p style="margin: 0pt 0; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</p>

<p style="margin: 0pt 0; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</p>

<p style="margin: 0pt 0; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</p>

<p style="margin: 0pt 0; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</p>

<p style="margin: 0pt 0; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</p>

<p style="margin: 0pt 0; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</p>

<p style="margin: 0pt 0; font-size: 10pt"><b>&#160;</b></p>

<p style="margin: 0pt 0; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</p>

<p style="margin: 0pt 0; font-size: 10pt; color: #333333">&#160;</p>

<p style="margin: 0pt 0; font-size: 10pt; color: #333333">&#160;</p>

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<DOCUMENT>
<TYPE>EX-99.1
<SEQUENCE>2
<FILENAME>exh_991.htm
<DESCRIPTION>EXHIBIT 99.1
<TEXT>
<HTML>
<HEAD>
     <TITLE></TITLE>
</HEAD>
<BODY STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">

<P STYLE="text-align: right; margin: 0"><B>Exhibit 99.1</B></P>

<P STYLE="margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="text-align: center; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"><IMG SRC="logo.jpg" ALT="" STYLE="height: 178px; width: 175px"></P>

<P STYLE="text-align: center; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font-size: 10pt; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="text-align: center; font-size: 10pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 16pt"><B>Sono Group N.V.
pro forma condensed consolidated Balance Sheet and Statement of Income as of and for the three months ended March 31, 2025</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: center; margin: 0pt 0; color: #002B41">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="margin: 0pt 0; font-size: 10pt; text-align: center; color: #002B41">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="margin: 0pt 0; font-size: 10pt; text-align: center; color: #002B41">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="margin: 0pt 0; font-size: 10pt; text-align: center; color: #002B41">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="margin: 0pt 0; font-size: 10pt; text-align: center; color: #002B41">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="margin: 0pt 0; font-size: 10pt; text-align: center; color: #002B41">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="margin: 0pt 0; font-size: 10pt; text-align: center; color: #002B41">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="margin: 0pt 0; font-size: 10pt; text-align: center; color: #002B41">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="margin: 0pt 0; font-size: 10pt; text-align: center; color: #002B41">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font-size: 10pt; margin: 0pt 0"><B>&nbsp;</B></P>

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    <DIV STYLE="break-before: page; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 6pt"><P STYLE="text-align: right; margin: 0pt"><!-- Field: Sequence; Type: Arabic; Name: PageNo -->2<!-- Field: /Sequence --></P></DIV>
    <!-- Field: /Page -->

<P STYLE="margin: 0pt 0; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: justify; margin: 0pt 0"><B>TABLE OF CONTENTS</B></P>

<P STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: justify; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>



<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="width: 100%">
  <TR STYLE="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
    <TD STYLE="width: 90%; text-align: left; padding-top: 0in; padding-bottom: 5pt; padding-left: 10pt"><A HREF="#a_001">Proforma Preliminary Condensed Consolidated Statements of Income (Loss)</A></TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 10%; text-align: right; padding-top: 0in; padding-bottom: 5pt"><A HREF="#a_001">3</A></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; padding-top: 0in; padding-bottom: 5pt; padding-left: 10pt"><A HREF="#a_002">Proforma Preliminary Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets</A></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right; padding-top: 0in; padding-bottom: 5pt"><A HREF="#a_002">4</A></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; padding-top: 0in; padding-bottom: 5pt; padding-left: 10pt"><A HREF="#a_003">A.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;New Issuance of $5 Million Debenture Adjustment</A></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right; padding-top: 0in; padding-bottom: 5pt"><A HREF="#a_003">5</A></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; padding-top: 0in; padding-bottom: 5pt; padding-left: 10pt"><A HREF="#a_004">B.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Conversion of all existing debt to preferred equity</A></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right; padding-top: 0in; padding-bottom: 5pt"><A HREF="#a_004">5</A></TD></TR>
</TABLE>
<P STYLE="font-size: 10pt; margin: 0pt 0"><B>&nbsp;</B></P>

<P STYLE="margin: 0pt 0; font-size: 10pt"><B>&nbsp;</B></P>

<P STYLE="margin: 0pt 0; font-size: 10pt"><B>&nbsp;</B></P>

<P STYLE="margin: 0pt 0; font-size: 10pt"><B>&nbsp;</B></P>

<P STYLE="margin: 0pt 0; font-size: 10pt"><B>&nbsp;</B></P>

<P STYLE="margin: 0pt 0; font-size: 10pt"><B>&nbsp;</B></P>

<P STYLE="margin: 0pt 0; font-size: 10pt"><B>&nbsp;</B></P>

<P STYLE="margin: 0pt 0; font-size: 10pt"><B>&nbsp;</B></P>

<P STYLE="margin: 0pt 0; font-size: 10pt"><B>&nbsp;</B></P>

<P STYLE="margin: 0pt 0; font-size: 10pt"><B>&nbsp;</B></P>

<P STYLE="margin: 0pt 0; font-size: 10pt"><B>&nbsp;</B></P>

<P STYLE="margin: 0pt 0; font-size: 10pt"><B>&nbsp;</B></P>

<P STYLE="margin: 0pt 0; font-size: 10pt"><B>&nbsp;</B></P>

<P STYLE="margin: 0pt 0; font-size: 10pt"><B>&nbsp;</B></P>

<P STYLE="margin: 0pt 0; font-size: 10pt"><B>&nbsp;</B></P>

<P STYLE="margin: 0pt 0; font-size: 10pt"><B>&nbsp;</B></P>

<P STYLE="margin: 0pt 0; font-size: 10pt"><B>&nbsp;</B></P>

<P STYLE="margin: 0pt 0; font-size: 10pt"><B></B></P>

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    <DIV STYLE="break-before: page; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 6pt"><P STYLE="text-align: right; margin: 0pt"><!-- Field: Sequence; Type: Arabic; Name: PageNo -->3<!-- Field: /Sequence --></P></DIV>
    <!-- Field: /Page -->

<P STYLE="margin: 0pt 0; font-size: 10pt"><B>&nbsp;</B></P>

<P STYLE="text-align: center; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; font-size: 10pt"><B><A NAME="a_001"></A>Proforma Condensed Consolidated Statements of
Income (Loss)</B></P>

<P STYLE="font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold; text-indent: 0.5in; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 1in">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 10pt">
  <TR STYLE="background-color: #A6A6A6">
    <TD STYLE="border-top: white 1pt solid; border-right: white 1pt solid; border-bottom: white 1pt solid; text-align: center">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD ROWSPAN="2" STYLE="border-bottom: white 1pt solid; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt; color: white"><B>Three months ended March 31, 2025<BR>
(unaudited)</B></FONT></TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="border-bottom: white 1pt solid; border-left: white 1pt solid; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt; color: white"><B>Pro Forma Adjustments</B></FONT></TD>
    <TD ROWSPAN="2" STYLE="border-bottom: white 1pt solid; border-left: white 1pt solid">
    <P STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: center; margin: 0pt 0; color: white"><B>Pro Forma Combined</B></P>
    <P STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: center; margin: 0pt 0; color: white"></P>
    <P STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: center; margin: 0pt 0; color: white"><B>Following Recapitalization</B></P>
    <P STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: center; margin: 0pt 0; color: white"></P></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="background-color: #A6A6A6">
    <TD STYLE="border-right: white 1pt solid; border-bottom: white 1pt solid; text-align: center">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: white 1pt solid; border-left: white 1pt solid; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt; color: white"><B>mUSD 5 New Convertible Debenture<BR>
(A)</B></FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: white 1pt solid; border-left: white 1pt solid; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt; color: white"><B>Debt to Equity Conversion Adjustments<BR>
(B)</B></FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="width: 32%; text-align: center">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 17%; border-bottom: black 1pt solid; background-color: white; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="color: black">kEUR</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 17%; border-bottom: black 1pt solid; background-color: white; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="color: black">kEUR</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 17%; border-bottom: black 1pt solid; background-color: white; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="color: black">kEUR</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 17%; border-bottom: black 1pt solid; background-color: white; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="color: black">kEUR</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD>Revenue</TD>
    <TD>
    <P STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: right; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>
    <P STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: right; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>
    <P STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: right; margin: 0pt 0">26</P>
    <P STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: right; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right">&nbsp;-</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right">&nbsp;-</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;26</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD>Cost of goods sold</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right">20</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right">&nbsp;-</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right">&nbsp;-</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right">20</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="border-top: black 1pt solid; border-bottom: black 1pt solid">Gross profit</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-top: black 1pt solid; border-bottom: black 1pt solid; text-align: right">6</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-top: black 1pt solid; border-bottom: black 1pt solid; text-align: right">-</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-top: black 1pt solid; border-bottom: black 1pt solid; text-align: right">-</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-top: black 1pt solid; border-bottom: black 1pt solid; text-align: right">6</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD>Cost of development expenses</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right">(440)</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right">&nbsp;-</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right">&nbsp;-</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right">(440)</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD>Selling and distribution expenses</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right">(240)</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right">&nbsp;-</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right">&nbsp;-</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right">(240)</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD>General and administrative expenses</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right">(1,135)</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right">&nbsp;-</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right">&nbsp;-</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right">(1,135)</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD>Gain/(loss) on deconsolidation/reconsolidation</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right">-</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right">&nbsp;-</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right">&nbsp;-</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right">-</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD>Other operating income / (exp)</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right">3</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right">3</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="border-top: black 1pt solid; border-bottom: black 1pt solid">Operating Income/(Loss)</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-top: black 1pt solid; border-bottom: black 1pt solid; text-align: right">(1,806)</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-top: black 1pt solid; border-bottom: black 1pt solid; text-align: right">-</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-top: black 1pt solid; border-bottom: black 1pt solid; text-align: right">-</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-top: black 1pt solid; border-bottom: black 1pt solid; text-align: right">(1,806)</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD>Income/(expense) from changes in fair value of convertible debt carried at Fair value</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right">10,331</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right">-</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right">-</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right">10,331</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: black 1pt solid">Loss of foreign currency translation</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; text-align: right">312</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; text-align: right">-</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; text-align: right">-</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; text-align: right">312</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: black 1pt solid">Income/(Loss) before tax</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; text-align: right">8,837</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; text-align: right">-</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; text-align: right">-</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; text-align: right">8,837</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD>Taxes on income</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right">-</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right">-</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right">-</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right">-</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD>Deferred taxes on expense</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right">-</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right">-</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right">-</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right">-</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="border-top: black 1pt solid; border-bottom: black 1pt solid">Income/(Loss) for the period</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-top: black 1pt solid; border-bottom: black 1pt solid; text-align: right">8,837</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-top: black 1pt solid; border-bottom: black 1pt solid; text-align: right">-</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-top: black 1pt solid; border-bottom: black 1pt solid; text-align: right">-</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-top: black 1pt solid; border-bottom: black 1pt solid; text-align: right">8,837</TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

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<P STYLE="margin: 0pt 0; font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="text-align: center; font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><A NAME="a_002"></A>Proforma Preliminary Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets</P>

<P STYLE="font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 10pt">
  <TR STYLE="background-color: #A6A6A6">
    <TD STYLE="border-top: white 1pt solid; border-right: white 1pt solid; text-align: center">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD ROWSPAN="2" STYLE="border-top: white 1pt solid; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt; color: white"><B>March 31, <BR>
2025<BR>
Unaudited</B></FONT></TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="border-top: white 1pt solid; border-left: white 1pt solid; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt; color: white"><B>Pro Forma Adjustments</B></FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-top: white 1pt solid; border-left: white 1pt solid; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt; color: white"><B>Pro Forma Combined following Recapitalization</B></FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD STYLE="border-top: white 1pt solid; border-right: white 1pt solid; background-color: #A6A6A6; text-align: center">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-top: white 1pt solid; border-left: white 1pt solid; background-color: #A6A6A6">
    <P STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: center; margin: 0pt 0; color: white"><B>mUSD 5 New Convertible Debenture</B></P>
    <P STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: center; margin: 0pt 0; color: white"></P>
    <P STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: center; margin: 0pt 0; color: white"><B>(A)</B></P>
    <P STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: center; margin: 0pt 0; color: white"></P></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-top: white 1pt solid; border-left: white 1pt solid; background-color: #A6A6A6">
    <P STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: center; margin: 0pt 0; color: white"><B>Debt to Equity Conversion Adjustments</B></P>
    <P STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: center; margin: 0pt 0; color: white"></P>
    <P STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: center; margin: 0pt 0; color: white"><B>(B)</B></P>
    <P STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: center; margin: 0pt 0; color: white"></P></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-top: white 1pt solid; border-left: white 1pt solid; background-color: #A6A6A6"></TD>
    </TR>
  <TR>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; border-bottom: black 1pt solid; background-color: white">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; border-bottom: black 1pt solid; background-color: white; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="color: black">kEUR</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; border-bottom: black 1pt solid; background-color: white; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="color: black">kEUR</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; border-bottom: black 1pt solid; background-color: white; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="color: black">kEUR</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: white; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="color: black">kEUR</FONT></TD>
    </TR>
  <TR>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: center">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: center">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
    </TR>
  <TR>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">ASSETS</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: center">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
    </TR>
  <TR>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">Noncurrent assets</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: center">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
    </TR>
  <TR>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">Property, plant and equipment</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right">121</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right">-</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right">-</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;121</TD>
    </TR>
  <TR>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">Right-of-use assets</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right">617</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right">-</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right">-</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;617</TD>
    </TR>
  <TR>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">Other financial assets</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right">541</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right">-</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right">-</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: center">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;541</TD>
    </TR>
  <TR>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; border-top: black 1pt solid; border-bottom: black 1pt solid">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; border-top: black 1pt solid; border-bottom: black 1pt solid; text-align: right">1,279</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; border-top: black 1pt solid; border-bottom: black 1pt solid; text-align: right">-</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; border-top: black 1pt solid; border-bottom: black 1pt solid; text-align: right">-</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-top: black 1pt solid; border-bottom: black 1pt solid; vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right">1,279&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
    </TR>
  <TR>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">Current assets</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD>
    </TR>
  <TR>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">Inventory</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right">348</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right">-</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right">-</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;348&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
    </TR>
  <TR>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">Other financial assets</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right">103</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right">-</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right">-</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right">103</TD>
    </TR>
  <TR>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">Other non-financial assets</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right">-</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right">-</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right">-</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right">-</TD>
    </TR>
  <TR>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">Cash</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right">801</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right">462+2,387<SUP>(A)</SUP></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right">-</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right">3,650&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
    </TR>
  <TR>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; border-top: black 1pt solid; border-bottom: black 1pt solid">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; border-top: black 1pt solid; border-bottom: black 1pt solid; text-align: right">1,252</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; border-top: black 1pt solid; border-bottom: black 1pt solid; text-align: right">2,849</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; border-top: black 1pt solid; border-bottom: black 1pt solid; text-align: right">-</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-top: black 1pt solid; border-bottom: black 1pt solid; vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right">4,101&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
    </TR>
  <TR>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; border-bottom: black 1pt solid">Total assets</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; border-bottom: black 1pt solid; text-align: right">2,531</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; border-bottom: black 1pt solid; text-align: right">2,849</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; border-bottom: black 1pt solid; text-align: right">-</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;5,380</TD>
    </TR>
  <TR>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD>
    </TR>
  <TR>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">EQUITY AND LIABILITIES</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD>
    </TR>
  <TR>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">Equity</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD>
    </TR>
  <TR>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">Subscribed capital (ordinary &amp; high voting)</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right">48<SUP>(D)</SUP></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right">-</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right">-</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right">48&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
    </TR>
  <TR>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">Capital and other reserves</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right">298,699</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right">-</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right">37,807<SUP>B)</SUP></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;336,506</TD>
    </TR>
  <TR>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">Accumulated deficit</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right">(312,591)</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right">(19,653)<SUP>(C)</SUP></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right">-</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(332,244)</TD>
    </TR>
  <TR>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; border-top: black 1pt solid; border-bottom: black 1pt solid">&nbsp;Total Equity</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; border-top: black 1pt solid; border-bottom: black 1pt solid; text-align: right">(13,844)</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; border-top: black 1pt solid; border-bottom: black 1pt solid; text-align: right">(19,653)</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; border-top: black 1pt solid; border-bottom: black 1pt solid; text-align: right">37,807</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-top: black 1pt solid; border-bottom: black 1pt solid; vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right">4,310<SUP>(E)</SUP></TD>
    </TR>
  <TR>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD>
    </TR>
  <TR>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">Current Liabilities</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD>
    </TR>
  <TR>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">Lease Liability (Current 126k LT 491k)</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right">617</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right">-</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right">-</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;617</TD>
    </TR>
  <TR>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">Taxes payable</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right">-</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right">-</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right">-</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right">-</TD>
    </TR>
  <TR>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; border-top: black 1pt solid; border-bottom: black 1pt solid">&nbsp;Subtotal</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; border-top: black 1pt solid; border-bottom: black 1pt solid; text-align: right">617</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; border-top: black 1pt solid; border-bottom: black 1pt solid; text-align: right">-</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; border-top: black 1pt solid; border-bottom: black 1pt solid; text-align: right">-</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-top: black 1pt solid; border-bottom: black 1pt solid; vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;617</TD>
    </TR>
  <TR>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD>
    </TR>
  <TR>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD>
    </TR>
  <TR>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">Financial liabilities</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right">15,305</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right">&nbsp;&nbsp;19,653<SUP>(C)</SUP>+2,849<SUP>(A)</SUP></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right">(37,807)<SUP>(B)</SUP></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right">-</TD>
    </TR>
  <TR>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">Trade and other payables</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right">451</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right">-</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right">-</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;451</TD>
    </TR>
  <TR>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">Other liabilities</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right">2</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right">-</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right">-</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;2</TD>
    </TR>
  <TR>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; border-top: black 1pt solid; border-bottom: black 1pt solid">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; border-top: black 1pt solid; border-bottom: black 1pt solid; text-align: right">16,375</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; border-top: black 1pt solid; border-bottom: black 1pt solid; text-align: right">22,502</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; border-top: black 1pt solid; border-bottom: black 1pt solid; text-align: right">(37,807)</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-top: black 1pt solid; border-bottom: black 1pt solid; vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right">1,070&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
    </TR>
  <TR>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; border-bottom: black 1pt solid">Total equity and liabilities</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; border-bottom: black 1pt solid; text-align: right">3,031</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; border-bottom: black 1pt solid; text-align: right">2,849</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; border-bottom: black 1pt solid; text-align: right">-</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right">5,380&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
    </TR>
  <TR>
    <TD STYLE="width: 32%"><P STYLE="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0">&nbsp;</P></TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 17%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 17%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 17%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 17%">&nbsp;</TD>
    </TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0">&nbsp;</P>

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<P STYLE="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"></P>

<P STYLE="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in">A.</TD><TD><A NAME="a_003"></A>New Issuance of $5 Million Debenture Adjustment</TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font-size: 10pt; margin: 0pt 0">As part of its strategic financial restructuring, Sono Group N.V. has entered into a Securities
Purchase Agreement with Yorkville to issue a new secured convertible debenture with a principal amount of $5.0 million, subject to Nasdaq
approving the Company&rsquo;s requested uplisting to Nasdaq Capital Markets. Yorkville had advanced $2.0 million (1.9M Euros) of the $5.0
million as of 3/31/25, an additional $500k (462k Euros) was received on 4/24/25 with $2.5 million (2.387M Euros) still subject to Nasdaq
Approval. In the cash section it reflects 462k Euros plus 2.387M Euros totaling 2.849M left as the company received $2M already as advances
in Q1 2025 already reflected in the 3/31/25 balance sheet.</P>

<P STYLE="font-size: 10pt; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in">B.</TD><TD><A NAME="a_004"></A>Conversion of all existing debt to preferred equity</TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font-size: 10pt; margin: 0pt 0">Sono Group N.V. signed an Exchange Agreement with Yorkville to convert the newly issued debenture,
along with all other existing outstanding convertible debentures, into preferred equity. The total debt being exchanged amounts to approximately
&euro;37.8 million, including the &euro;32.7 million of previously issued convertible debentures and the &euro;5.0 million new debentures.
Under the agreement, this notes payable will be converted into 1,242 newly issued preferred shares, each with a nominal value of &euro;300.
These shares are convertible into 30,000 ordinary shares post-implementation of the reverse stock split.</P>

<P STYLE="font-size: 10pt; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font-size: 10pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><B>C.</B></TD><TD><B>Changes to the fair value in Convertible Notes Payable</B></TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font-size: 10pt; margin: 0pt 0">The income from changes in fair value of convertible notes payable carried at Fair value of
19,653 is reversed as part of the exchange agreement when the actual value of the total convertible notes payable plus accrued interest
is all converted to preferred equity.</P>

<P STYLE="font-size: 10pt; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font-size: 10pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><B>D.</B></TD><TD><B>Change in Subscribed Capital</B></TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font-size: 10pt; margin: 0pt 0">Change in subscribed capital is due to reverse split of 75 to 1 along with change in nominal
value of ordinary and high voting shares.</P>

<P STYLE="font-size: 10pt; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font-size: 10pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><B>E.</B></TD><TD><B>Net Equity Converted to US Dollars</B></TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font-size: 10pt; margin: 0pt 0">Net Equity of 4.31M Euros is converted to $4.66M at an exchange rate as of the date as of 3/31/25
of 1.0815 from Euros to US Dollars.</P>

<P STYLE="font-size: 10pt; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="margin: 0pt 0; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="margin: 0pt 0; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="margin: 0pt 0; font-size: 10pt"></P>

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<P STYLE="margin: 0pt 0; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</P>

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      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_SolicitingMaterial_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Soliciting Material</link:label>
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      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_PreCommencementTenderOffer" xlink:to="dei_PreCommencementTenderOffer_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_PreCommencementTenderOffer_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Pre-commencement Tender Offer</link:label>
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      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_PreCommencementIssuerTenderOffer" xlink:to="dei_PreCommencementIssuerTenderOffer_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_PreCommencementIssuerTenderOffer_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Pre-commencement Issuer Tender Offer</link:label>
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      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_NoTradingSymbolFlag_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">No Trading Symbol Flag</link:label>
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      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_TradingSymbol" xlink:to="dei_TradingSymbol_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_TradingSymbol_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Trading Symbol</link:label>
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      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_SecurityExchangeName" xlink:to="dei_SecurityExchangeName_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_SecurityExchangeName_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Security Exchange Name</link:label>
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      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_Security12gTitle_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Title of 12(g) Security</link:label>
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      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_SecurityReportingObligation_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Security Reporting Obligation</link:label>
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      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_AuditedAnnualFinancialStatements_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Audited Annual Financial Statements</link:label>
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      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_EntityVoluntaryFilers_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Entity Voluntary Filers</link:label>
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      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_EntityCurrentReportingStatus_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Entity Current Reporting Status</link:label>
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<DOCUMENT>
<TYPE>EX-101.PRE
<SEQUENCE>5
<FILENAME>sono-20250520_pre.xml
<DESCRIPTION>XBRL PRESENTATION FILE
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    <!-- Field: Doc-Info; Name: VendorURI; Value: https://www.novaworks.com -->
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<DOCUMENT>
<TYPE>XML
<SEQUENCE>8
<FILENAME>R1.htm
<DESCRIPTION>IDEA: XBRL DOCUMENT
<TEXT>
<html>
<head>
<title></title>
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="include/report.css">
<script type="text/javascript" src="Show.js">/* Do Not Remove This Comment */</script><script type="text/javascript">
							function toggleNextSibling (e) {
							if (e.nextSibling.style.display=='none') {
							e.nextSibling.style.display='block';
							} else { e.nextSibling.style.display='none'; }
							}</script>
</head>
<body>
<span style="display: none;">v3.25.1</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="id2">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="1"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Cover<br></strong></div></th>
<th class="th"><div>May 20, 2025</div></th>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_CoverAbstract', window );"><strong>Cover [Abstract]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_DocumentType', window );">Document Type</a></td>
<td class="text">8-K<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_AmendmentFlag', window );">Amendment Flag</a></td>
<td class="text">false<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_DocumentPeriodEndDate', window );">Document Period End Date</a></td>
<td class="text">May 20,  2025<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityFileNumber', window );">Entity File Number</a></td>
<td class="text">001-41066<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityRegistrantName', window );">Entity Registrant Name</a></td>
<td class="text">Sono Group N.V.<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityCentralIndexKey', window );">Entity Central Index Key</a></td>
<td class="text">0001840416<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityTaxIdentificationNumber', window );">Entity Tax Identification Number</a></td>
<td class="text">98-1828632<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityIncorporationStateCountryCode', window );">Entity Incorporation, State or Country Code</a></td>
<td class="text">P7<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityAddressAddressLine1', window );">Entity Address, Address Line One</a></td>
<td class="text">Waldmeisterstrasse 93<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityAddressCityOrTown', window );">Entity Address, City or Town</a></td>
<td class="text">Munich<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityAddressCountry', window );">Entity Address, Country</a></td>
<td class="text">DE<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityAddressPostalZipCode', window );">Entity Address, Postal Zip Code</a></td>
<td class="text">80935<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_CountryRegion', window );">Country Region</a></td>
<td class="text">+49<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_CityAreaCode', window );">City Area Code</a></td>
<td class="text">(0)89<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_LocalPhoneNumber', window );">Local Phone Number</a></td>
<td class="text">4520 5818<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_WrittenCommunications', window );">Written Communications</a></td>
<td class="text">false<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_SolicitingMaterial', window );">Soliciting Material</a></td>
<td class="text">false<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_PreCommencementTenderOffer', window );">Pre-commencement Tender Offer</a></td>
<td class="text">false<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_PreCommencementIssuerTenderOffer', window );">Pre-commencement Issuer Tender Offer</a></td>
<td class="text">false<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityEmergingGrowthCompany', window );">Entity Emerging Growth Company</a></td>
<td class="text">true<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityExTransitionPeriod', window );">Elected Not To Use the Extended Transition Period</a></td>
<td class="text">false<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<div style="display: none;">
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_AmendmentFlag">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Boolean flag that is true when the XBRL content amends previously-filed or accepted submission.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_AmendmentFlag</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:booleanItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_CityAreaCode">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Area code of city</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_CityAreaCode</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:normalizedStringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_CountryRegion">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Region code of country</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_CountryRegion</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:normalizedStringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_CoverAbstract">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Cover page.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_CoverAbstract</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:stringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_DocumentPeriodEndDate">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>For the EDGAR submission types of Form 8-K: the date of the report, the date of the earliest event reported; for the EDGAR submission types of Form N-1A: the filing date; for all other submission types: the end of the reporting or transition period. The format of the date is YYYY-MM-DD.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_DocumentPeriodEndDate</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:dateItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_DocumentType">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The type of document being provided (such as 10-K, 10-Q, 485BPOS, etc). The document type is limited to the same value as the supporting SEC submission type, or the word 'Other'.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_DocumentType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dei:submissionTypeItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityAddressAddressLine1">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Address Line 1 such as Attn, Building Name, Street Name</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityAddressAddressLine1</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:normalizedStringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityAddressCityOrTown">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Name of the City or Town</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityAddressCityOrTown</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:normalizedStringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityAddressCountry">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>ISO 3166-1 alpha-2 country code.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityAddressCountry</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dei:countryCodeItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
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<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Code for the postal or zip code</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityAddressPostalZipCode</td>
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<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
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<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>A unique 10-digit SEC-issued value to identify entities that have filed disclosures with the SEC. It is commonly abbreviated as CIK.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Exchange Act<br> -Number 240<br> -Section 12<br> -Subsection b-2<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityCentralIndexKey</td>
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<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Indicate if registrant meets the emerging growth company criteria.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Exchange Act<br> -Number 240<br> -Section 12<br> -Subsection b-2<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityEmergingGrowthCompany</td>
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<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityExTransitionPeriod">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Indicate if an emerging growth company has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Securities Act<br> -Number 7A<br> -Section B<br> -Subsection 2<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityExTransitionPeriod</td>
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<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
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<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:booleanItemType</td>
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<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityFileNumber">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Commission file number. The field allows up to 17 characters. The prefix may contain 1-3 digits, the sequence number may contain 1-8 digits, the optional suffix may contain 1-4 characters, and the fields are separated with a hyphen.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
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<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityFileNumber</td>
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<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Two-character EDGAR code representing the state or country of incorporation.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityIncorporationStateCountryCode</td>
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<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
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<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityRegistrantName">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The exact name of the entity filing the report as specified in its charter, which is required by forms filed with the SEC.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Exchange Act<br> -Number 240<br> -Section 12<br> -Subsection b-2<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityRegistrantName</td>
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<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
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<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:normalizedStringItemType</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityTaxIdentificationNumber">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The Tax Identification Number (TIN), also known as an Employer Identification Number (EIN), is a unique 9-digit value assigned by the IRS.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Exchange Act<br> -Number 240<br> -Section 12<br> -Subsection b-2<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityTaxIdentificationNumber</td>
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<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
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<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_LocalPhoneNumber">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Local phone number for entity.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_LocalPhoneNumber</td>
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<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_PreCommencementIssuerTenderOffer">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Boolean flag that is true when the Form 8-K filing is intended to satisfy the filing obligation of the registrant as pre-commencement communications pursuant to Rule 13e-4(c) under the Exchange Act.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Exchange Act<br> -Number 240<br> -Section 13e<br> -Subsection 4c<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_PreCommencementIssuerTenderOffer</td>
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<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
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<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Boolean flag that is true when the Form 8-K filing is intended to satisfy the filing obligation of the registrant as pre-commencement communications pursuant to Rule 14d-2(b) under the Exchange Act.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Exchange Act<br> -Number 240<br> -Section 14d<br> -Subsection 2b<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_PreCommencementTenderOffer</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_SolicitingMaterial">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Boolean flag that is true when the Form 8-K filing is intended to satisfy the filing obligation of the registrant as soliciting material pursuant to Rule 14a-12 under the Exchange Act.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Exchange Act<br> -Number 240<br> -Section 14a<br> -Subsection 12<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_SolicitingMaterial</td>
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<tr>
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<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Boolean flag that is true when the Form 8-K filing is intended to satisfy the filing obligation of the registrant as written communications pursuant to Rule 425 under the Securities Act.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Securities Act<br> -Number 230<br> -Section 425<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_WrittenCommunications</td>
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<td>na</td>
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<tr>
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