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Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Policies) | 3 Months Ended
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Mar. 31, 2022
Basis of Presentation | Basis of Presentation These unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“U.S. GAAP”) for interim financial information and are unaudited. These unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements do not include all disclosures that are normally included in annual audited financial statements prepared in accordance with U.S. GAAP and should be read in conjunction with the Company’s consolidated financial statements. The accompanying unaudited (a) condensed consolidated balance sheet as of December 31, 2021, which has been derived from audited financial statements, and (b) the unaudited interim condensed financial statements have been prepared in accordance pursuant to the rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) regarding interim financial reporting. Certain information and note disclosures normally included in annual financial statements prepared in accordance with U.S. GAAP have been condensed or omitted pursuant to those rules and regulations, although the Company believes that the disclosures made are adequate to make the information not misleading. Therefore, it is suggested that these unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements should be read in conjunction with the consolidated financial statements and notes included in the Company’s Current Report on Forms 10-K and 8-K/A, both dated March 24, 2022, that were filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission. In the opinion of the Company, in addition to the adjustments to record the business combination (the “Business Combination”) between VPCC and Legacy Dave, the accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements reflect all normal recurring adjustments necessary to present fairly the financial position, results of operations, comprehensive loss, cash flows, and stockholders’ equity for the interim periods, but are not necessarily indicative of the results to be anticipated for the full year 2022 or any future period. Subsequent events are events or transactions that occur after the condensed consolidated balance sheet date, but before condensed consolidated financial statements are available to be issued. The Company recognizes in the condensed consolidated financial statements the effects of all subsequent events that provide additional evidence about conditions that existed at the date of the condensed consolidated balance sheet, including the estimates inherent in the process of preparing the condensed consolidated financial statements. The Company’s condensed consolidated financial statements do not recognize subsequent events that provide evidence about conditions that did not exist at the date of the condensed consolidated balance sheet but arose after the condensed consolidated balance sheet date and before the condensed consolidated financial statements were available to be issued.
Retroactive Application of Reverse Recapitalization | Retroactive Application of Reverse Recapitalization As discussed further in Note 3, The Reverse Recapitalization and Related Transactions , the Business Combination is accounted for as a reverse recapitalization of equity structure. Pursuant to U.S. GAAP, the Company recasts its Consolidated Statements of Convertible Preferred Stock and Stockholders’ Equity from December 31, 2020 to the Closing Date, the total stockholder’s equity (deficit) within the Company’s Consolidated Balance Sheet as of December 31, 2021 and the weighted average outstanding shares basic and diluted for the year ended December 31, 2021 by applying the recapitalization retroactively. In addition, the Company recasts the stock class and issued and outstanding number of shares, exercise prices of options and warrants for each balance sheet period presented in these Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements and the accompanying notes. Retroactive Application of Reverse Recapitalization to the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Stockholders’ Equity (Deficit) Pursuant to the terms of the Business Combination Agreement, as part of the Closing, all of the issued and outstanding Series A preferred stock Legacy Dave were automatically converted into Legacy Dave common stoc k at a 1:1 ratio and Series B-1 and Series B-2 convertible preferred stock of Legacy Dave were automatically converted into Legacy Dave common stock at a 1:1.033076 ratio, which were all converted again, along with all other issued and outstanding common stock of Legacy Dave, into 342,649,141 shares of Class A Common Stock and Class V Common Stock at an exchange ratio of 1.354387513 (the “Exchange Ratio”). Additionally, each of the Company’s options that were outstanding immediately prior to the closing of the Business Combination remained outstanding and converted into options for Class A Common Stock and Class V Common Stock equal to the number of the Company’s Common Stock, subject to such options multiplied by the Exchange Ratio at an exercise price per share equal to the current exercise price per share for such options divided by the Exchange Ratio, with the aggregate amount of shares of Class A Common Stock and Class V Common Stock issuable upon exercise of such options to be 32,078,481. Retroactive Application of Reverse Recapitalization to the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations Furthermore, based on the retroactive application of the reverse recapitalization to the Company’s Condensed Consolidated Statements of Convertible Preferred Stock and Stockholders’ Equity, the Company recalculated the weighted average shares for the year ended December 31, 2021. The basic and diluted weighted-average Legacy Dave Common Stock were retroactively converted to Class A Common Stock and Class V Common Stock using the Exchange Ratio to conform to the recast period (see Note 2, Net (Loss) Income Per Share Attributable to Stockholders, for additional information). Retroactive Application of Reverse Recapitalization to the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets Finally, to conform to the retroactive application of recapitalization to the Company’s Condensed Consolidated Statements of Stockholders’ Equity, the Company reclassified the $9,881 of Legacy Dave Series A convertible preferred stock, $49,675 of Legacy Dave Series B-1 convertible preferred stock, and the $12,617 of Legacy Dave Series B-2 convertible preferred stock to the additional paid-in capital (“APIC”), less amounts attributable to the par value of the common stock as recast, as of December 31, 2021.
Principles of Consolidation | Principles of Consolidation The Company consolidates financial statements of all entities in which the Company has a controlling financial interest, including the accounts of any Variable Interest Entity in which the Company has a controlling financial interest and for which it is the primary beneficiary. All intercompany transactions and balances have been eliminated upon consolidation.
Variable Interest Entities | Variable Interest Entities The Company is considered the primary beneficiary of Dave OD, as it has the power over the activities that most significantly impact the economic performance of Dave OD and has the obligation to absorb expected losses and the right to receive expected benefits that could be significant, in accordance with accounting guidance. As a result, the Company consolidated Dave OD and all intercompany accounts have been eliminated. The carrying value of Dave OD’s assets and liabilities, after elimination of any intercompany transactions and balances, in the unaudited condensed consolidated balance sheet as of March 31, 2022, are as follows:
Assets |
Cash and cash equivalents |  | $ | 15,484 |
Member advances, net of allowance for unrecoverable advances of $1,827 as of March 31, 2022 |  |  | 46,977 |
Debt and credit facility commitment fee, current |  |  | 358 |
Debt facility commitment fee, long-term |  |  | 117 |
Total assets |  | $ | 62,936 |
Liabilities |
Credit facility |  |  | 20,000 |
Debt facility |  | $ | 35,000 |
Total liabilities |  | $ | 55,000 |
Use of Estimates | Use of Estimates The preparation of these condensed consolidated financial statements requires the Company to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities as of the date of the condensed consolidated financial statements, as well as the reported revenues and expenses incurred during the reporting periods. The Company’s estimates are based on its historical experience and on various other factors that the Company believes are reasonable under the circumstances, the results of which form the basis for making judgments about the carrying value of assets and liabilities that are not readily apparent from other sources. The Company’s critical accounting estimates and assumptions are evaluated on an ongoing basis including those related to the: (i) allowance for unrecoverable advances; (ii) realization of tax assets and estimates of tax liabilities; (iii) valuation of equity securities; (iv) fair value of derivatives; (v) valuation of note payable and (vi) fair value of warrant liabilities. Actual results may differ from these estimates under different assumptions or conditions.
Revenue Recognition | Revenue Recognition Service Based Revenue, Net: Service based revenue, net primarily consists of tips, express processing fees, and subscriptions charged to Members, net of processor costs associated with advance disbursements. Member advances are treated as financial receivables under Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) 310 Receivables (“ASC 310”). The Company encourages but does not contractually require its Members who receive a cash advance to leave a discretionary tip. The Company treats tips as an adjustment of yield to the advances and are recognized over the average term of advances. Express processing fees apply when a Member requests an expedited cash advance. At the Member’s election, the Company expedites the funding of advance funds within eight hours, as opposed to the customary three business days, of the advance request. Express fees are nonrefundable loan origination fees and are recognized as revenues over the expected contractual term of the advance. Costs incurred by the Company to fund cash advances are treated as direct loan origination costs. These direct loan origination costs are netted against advance-related income over the expected contractual term of the advance. Direct origination costs recognized as a reduction of advance-related income during the periods ended March 31, 2022 and 2021, was $0.9 million and $0.9 million, respectively. The Company accounts for subscriptions in accordance with ASC 606, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (“ASC 606”). Under ASC 606, the Company must identify the contract with a Member, identify the performance obligations in the contract, determine the transaction price, allocate the transaction price to the performance obligations in the contract, and recognize revenue when (or as) the Company satisfies the performance obligations. The Company’s primary sources of revenue are derived from fees earned on advances, and other financial instruments that are not within the scope of ASC 606. The Company has evaluated the nature of its contracts with Members and determined that further disaggregation of revenue from contracts with Members into categories beyond what is presented in the condensed consolidated statements of operations was not necessary. For revenue sources that are within the scope of Topic 606, the Company fully satisfies its performance obligations and recognizes revenue in the period it is earned as services are rendered. Transaction prices are typically fixed, charged on a periodic basis or based on activity. Because performance obligations are satisfied as services are rendered and the transaction prices are fixed, there is little judgment involved in applying ASC 606 that significantly affects the determination of the amount and timing of revenue from contracts with the Company’s Members. Sources of revenue from contracts with Members that are in the scope of ASC 606 include subscription fees, lead generation fees, and reward program fees. Subscription fees of $1 are received on a monthly basis from Members who subscribe to the Company’s application. The Company continually fulfills its obligation to each Member over the subscription term. The series of distinct services represents a single performance obligation that is satisfied over time. The Company recognizes revenue ratably as the Member receives and consumes the benefits of the platform throughout the contract period. Price concessions granted to Members who have insufficient funds when subscription fees are due are forms of variable consideration under the Company’s contracts with Members. For price concessions, the Company has elected, as an accounting policy, to account for price concessions for the month at the end of the reporting month based on the actual amounts of concessions granted as the impact. Service based revenue also consists of lead generation fees from the Company’s Side Hustle advertising partners. The Company is entitled to receive these lead generation fees when Members use the application to sign up for jobs with the Company’s various partners. Lead generation contracts contain a single performance obligation. Lead generation revenue is recognized at a point in time upon satisfaction and completion of the single performance obligation. The Company also receives cash monthly as part of a rewards program for those Dave debit card Members who choose to spend funds with selected vendors. The cash received by the Company is recorded as unearned revenue and recognized as revenue as the subscription credits are earned by the Members. Transaction Based Revenue, Net: Transaction based revenue, net primarily consists of interchange and ATM revenues from Dave’s Checking Product, net of ATM-related fees, and are recognized at the point in time the transactions occur, as the performance obligation is satisfied. ATM-related fees recognized as a reduction of transaction based revenue during the periods ended March 31, 2022 and 2021, w ere $0.1 million and $0.2 million, respectively.
Processing and Servicing Fees | Processing and Servicing Fees Processor fees consist of fees paid to the Company’s processors for the recovery of advances, tips, processing fees, and subscriptions. These expenses also include fees paid for services to connect Member’s bank accounts to the Company’s application. Except for processing and service fees associated with advance disbursements, which are recorded net against revenue, all other processing and service fees are expensed as incurred.
Cash and Cash Equivalents | Cash and Cash Equivalents The Company classifies all highly liquid instruments with an original maturity of three months or less as cash equivalents.
Restricted Cash | Restricted Cash Restricted cash primarily represents cash held at financial institutions that is pledged as collateral for specific accounts that may become overdrawn.
Marketable Securities | Marketable Securities Marketable securities consist of a money market mutual fund. The fair value of marketable securities is determined by quoted prices in active markets and changes in fair value are recorded in other (income) expense in the consolidated statements of operations.
Member Advances | Member Advances Member advances include non-recourse cash advances, fees, and tips, net of certain direct origination costs and allowance for unrecoverable advances. Management’s intent is to hold advances until maturity or payoff. Members’ cash advances are treated as financial receivables under ASC 310. Advances to Members are not interest-bearing. The Company recognizes these advances at the advanced amount and does not use discounting techniques to determine present value of advances due to their short-term average maturity. The consequent discount impact under the imputed interest rate method does not result in a significant impact to the consolidated financial statements. The Company does not provide modifications to advances.
Allowance for Unrecoverable Advances | Allowance for Unrecoverable Advances The Company maintains an allowance for unrecoverable advances at a level estimated to be adequate to absorb credit losses inherent in outstanding Member advances. Management currently estimates the allowance balance required using historical loss and collections experience, and, if relevant, the nature and volume of the portfolio, economic conditions, and other factors. Interpretations of past cash recovery patterns and projections of future economic conditions involve a high degree of subjectivity. Changes to the allowance have a direct impact on the provision for unrecoverable advances in the condensed consolidated statements of operations. The Company considers advances over 120 days past due or which become uncollectible based on information available to the Company as impaired. All impaired advances are deemed uncollectible and subsequently written-off and are a direct reduction to the allowance for unrecoverable advances. Subsequent recoveries of Member advances written-off, if any, are recorded as a reduction to Member advances when collected, resulting in a reduction to the allowance for unrecoverable advances and a corresponding reduction to the provision for unrecoverable advances expense in the condensed consolidated statements of operations.
Internally Developed Software | Internally Developed Software Internally developed software is capitalized when preliminary development efforts are successfully completed, management has authorized and committed project funding, it is probable that the project will be completed, and the software will be used as intended. Capitalized costs consist of salaries and other compensation costs for employees incurred for time spent on upgrades and enhancements to add functionality to the software and fees paid to third-party consultants who are directly involved in development efforts. These capitalized costs are included on the condensed consolidated balance sheets as intangible assets, net. Other costs are expensed as incurred and included within Other general and administrative expenses in the condensed consolidated statements of operations. Capitalized costs for the three month periods ended March 31, 2022 and 2021, w ere approximately $2.3 million and $1.1 million, respectively. Amortization of internally developed software commences when the software is ready for its intended use (i.e., after all substantial testing is complete). Internally developed software is amortized over its estimated useful life of 3 years. Amortization expense for the three month periods ended March 31, 2022 and 2021, was approximately $1.0 and $0.6 million, respectively.
Property and Equipment | Property and Equipment Property and equipment are stated at cost less accumulated depreciation. Property and equipment are recorded at cost and depreciated over the estimated useful lives ranging from 3 to 7 years using the straight-line method. Maintenance and repair costs are charged to operations as incurred and included within other operating expenses in the consolidated statements of operations.
Impairment of Long-Lived Assets | Impairment of Long-Lived Assets The Company assesses the impairment of long-lived assets, primarily property and equipment and amortizable intangible assets, whenever events or changes in business circumstances indicate that carrying amounts of the assets may not be fully recoverable. If the sum of the expected undiscounted future cash flows from an asset is less than the carrying amount of the asset, the Company estimates the fair value of the assets. The Company measures the loss as the amount by which the carrying amount exceeds its fair value calculated using the present value of estimated net future cash flows.
Warrants | Warrants The Company reviewed the terms of warrants to purchase its Common Stock to determine whether warrants should be classified as liabilities or stockholders’ equity in its condensed consolidated balance sheet. In order for a warrant to be classified in stockholders’ equity, the warrant must be (a) indexed to the Company’s equity and (b) meet the conditions for equity classification in Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) Subtopic 815-40, Derivatives and Hedging – Contracts in an Entity’s Own Equity. As the warrants do not meet the conditions for equity classification, they are carried on the consolidated balance sheet as warrant liabilities measured at fair value, with subsequent changes in the fair value of the warrant recorded in the statement of operations as change in fair value of warrants in other income (expense).
Fair Value of Financial Instruments | Fair Value of Financial Instruments ASC 820, Fair Value Measurement (“ASC 820”), provides a single definition of fair value and a common framework for measuring fair value as well as disclosure requirements for fair value measurements used in financial statements. Under ASC 820, fair value is determined based upon the exit price that would be received by a company to sell an asset or paid by a company to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants, exclusive of any transaction costs. Fair value measurements are determined by either the principal market or the most advantageous market. The principal market is the market with the greatest level of activity and volume for the asset or liability. Absent a principal market to measure fair value, the Company uses the most advantageous market, which is the market from which the Company would receive the highest selling price for the asset or pay the lowest price to settle the liability, after considering transaction costs. However, when using the most advantageous market, transaction costs are only considered to determine which market is the most advantageous and these costs are then excluded when applying a fair value measurement. ASC 820 creates a three-level hierarchy to prioritize the inputs used in the valuation techniques to derive fair values. The basis for fair value measurements for each level within the hierarchy is described below, with Level 1 having the highest priority and Level 3 having the lowest. Level 1—Quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities. Level 2—Observable inputs other than Level 1 quoted prices, such as quoted prices for similar assets and liabilities in active markets, quoted prices in markets that are not active for identical or similar assets and liabilities, or other inputs that are observable or can be corroborated by observable market data for substantially the full term of the assets or liabilities. Level 3—Valuations are based on inputs that are unobservable and significant to the overall fair value measurement of the assets or liabilities. Inputs reflect management’s best estimate of what market participants would use in pricing the asset or liability at the measurement date. Consideration is given to the risk inherent in the valuation technique and the risk inherent in the inputs to the model. Following are the major categories of assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis as of March 31, 2022 and December 31, 2021, using quoted prices in active markets for identical assets (Level 1), significant other observable inputs (Level 2), and significant unobservable inputs (Level 3) (in thousands):
March 31, 2022 |  | Level 1 |  |  | Level 2 |  |  | Level 3 |  |  | Total |
Assets |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Marketable securities |  | $ | 278,265 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 278,265 |
Total assets |  | $ | 278,265 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 278,265 |
Liabilities |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Warrant liabilities—public warrants |  | $ | 9,294 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 9,294 |
Warrant liabilities—private placement warrants |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 9,426 |  |  | $ | 9,426 |
Total liabilities |  | $ | 9,294 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 9,426 |  |  | $ | 18,720 |
December 31, 2021 |  | Level 1 |  |  | Level 2 |  |  | Level 3 |  |  | Total |
Assets |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Marketable securities |  | $ | 8,226 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 8,226 |
Derivative asset on loans to stockholders |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 35,253 |  |  |  | 35,253 |
Total assets |  | $ | 8,226 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 35,253 |  |  | $ | 43,479 |
Liabilities |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Warrant liability |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 3,726 |  |  | $ | 3,726 |
Note payable |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 15,051 |  |  |  | 15,051 |
Total liabilities |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 18,777 |  |  | $ | 18,777 |
The Company had no assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a non-recurring basis as of March 31, 2022 and December 31, 2021. The Company also has financial instruments not measured at fair value. The Company has evaluated cash and cash equivalents, Member advances, net, restricted cash, accounts payable, and accrued expenses, and believes the carrying value approximates the fair value due to the short-term nature of these balances. The fair value of the debt facility, convertible debt, and line of credit approximate their carrying values. Marketable Securities: The Company evaluated the quoted market prices in active markets for its marketable securities and has classified its securities as Level 1. The Company’s investments in marketable securities are exposed to price fluctuations. The fair value measurements for the securities are based upon the quoted prices of similar items in active markets multiplied by the number of securities owned. Derivative Asset Related to Loans to Stockholders: In relation to certain loans to stockholders, the Company purchased call options which grant the Company the right to acquire a fixed number of the Company’s Common Stock, held by such stockholders over the exercise period (four years). However, the exercise price per share is not fixed. The approximate $3.273 exercise price per share increases by a nominal amount of approximately $0.005 for each month that lapses from the call option issuance date. As of the date of the Business Combination, the exercise price per share was approximately $3.42. The Company understands that this variability in the exercise price of the call option is tied to the passage of time, which is not an input to the fair value of the Company’s shares per ASC 815, Derivatives and Hedging (“ASC 815”). Therefore, the Company does not believe the call option meets the scope exception under ASC 815. As the scope exception is not met, the call option is accounted for as a derivative instrument. Accordingly, the call option was measured at fair value and presented as a derivative asset on loans to stockholders on the Company’s condensed consolidated balance sheets. Interest earned on the non-recourse promissory notes was reported as interest income and changes in the fair value of the call option were reported as other income or expense in the period incurred. The call option was measured at fair value at the end of each reporting period with change in fair value recorded in earnings. The fair value of the call option as of March 31, 2022 and December 31, 2021, was approximately $0 and $35.3 million, respectively. Upon consummation of the business combination in January 2022, all of the call options related to the Loans to Stockholders were exercised, settling the derivative asset on Loans to Stockholders of $29.7 million and the contra-equity Loans to Stockholders of $15.2 million with APIC being the offsetting entry. A roll-forward of the Level 3 derivative asset on loans to stockholders is as follows (dollars in thousands):
Opening value at January 1, 2021 |  | $ | 457 |
Amendment to loan to stockholder |  |  | 5 |
Change in fair value during the year |  |  | 34,791 |
Ending value at December 31, 2021 |  |  | 35,253 |
Change in fair value during the period |  |  | (5,572 | )
Exercise of call option |  |  | (29,681 | )
Ending value at March 31, 2022 |  | $ | — |
The Company used a probability-weighted expected return method (“PWERM”) to weight the indicated call options value determined under the binomial option pricing model to determine the fair value of the call options. The following table presents the assumptions used to value the call options for the year ended December 31, 2021:
Expected volatility |  |  | 61.5 | %
Risk-free interest rate |  |  | 0.2 | %
Remaining term |  |  | 3.0 Years |
Warrant Liability Related to Debt Facility: As discussed further in Note 12, Debit and Credit Facility , in January 2021, the Company issued warrants contemporaneously with a debt facility that met the definition of a derivative under ASC 815. This warrant liability was initially recorded as a liability at fair value, with the offsetting entry recorded as a loan commitment fees asset. The derivative liability was subsequently recorded at fair value at each reporting period, with changes in fair value reflected in earnings. The gain related to the change in fair value of the warrant liability in the three months ended March 31, 2022, was $0.4 million, which is presented within changes in fair value of warrant liability in the condensed consolidated statements of operations. Immediately prior to the close of the Business Combination, all , or 1,664,394 of the vested warrants were exercised and net settled for 450,841 shares of Legacy Dave’s Class A Common Stock pursuant to the terms of the Business Combination. A roll-forward of the Level 3 warrant liability is as follows (dollars in thousands):
Opening value at January 1, 2021 |  | $ | — |
Initial fair value at the original issuance date |  |  | 106 |
Change in fair value during the year |  |  | 3,620 |
Ending value at December 31, 2021 |  |  | 3,726 |
Change in fair value during the year |  |  | (361 | )
Exercise of warrant |  |  | (3,365 | )
Ending value at March 31, 2022 |  | $ | — |
The Company used a PWERM to weight the indicated warrant liability value determined under the binomial option pricing model to determine the fair value of the warrant liability. The following table presents the assumptions used to value the warrant liability for the year ended December 31, 2021:
Expected volatility |  |  | 57.0 | %
Risk-free interest rate |  |  | 0.1-0.6 | %
Remaining term |  |  | 0.0 - 1.5 Years |
Note Payable: As discussed in Note 10 , Notes Payable , the Company has elected to measure the note payable at fair value using the fair value option of ASC 825-10. The Company identified an embedded derivative related to a convertible feature in its promissory note and in accordance with ASC 815-15-25-1 criterion (b), since the Company has elected to apply the fair value option to the debt embedded features will not be separated from the debt host. The note payable is carried on the Company’s unaudited condensed consolidated balance sheet as a current liability estimated at fair value with changes in fair value reflected in earnings. The Company recorded an unrealized gain of approximately $0.1 million related to the change in fair value of the promissory note for the three months ended March 31, 2022. Upon the Closing of the Business Combination, the p romissory n ote was automatically discharged upon the Company’s issuance of 1,500,000 shares of Class A Common Stock to Alameda Research. The closing of the note payable occurred immediately prior to the closing date of the Business Combination. Refer to Note 3 , The Reverse Recapitalization and Related Transactions for further details on the closing of the note payable . A roll-forward of the Level 3 promissory note is as follows (dollars in thousands):
Opening value at January 1, 2021 |  | $ | — |
Fair value at issuance |  |  | 14,608 |
Change in fair value during the year |  |  | 443 |
Ending value at December 31, 2021 |  |  | 15,051 |
Change in fair value during the year |  |  | (51 | )
Discharge of obligation through the issuance of Common Stock |  |  | (15,000 | )
Ending value at March 31, 2022 |  | $ | — |
Public Warrants: As discussed further in Note 11 , Warrant Liabilities, in January 2022, upon completion of the Business Combination, public warrants were automatically converted to warrants to purchase Common Stock of the Company. These public warrants met the definition of a derivative under ASC 815, and due to the terms of the warrants, were required to be liability classified. This warrant liability was initially recorded as a liability at fair value, with the offsetting entry recorded as a non-cash expense within the statement of operations. The derivative liability was subsequently recorded at fair value at each reporting period, with changes in fair value reflected in earnin gs. The loss related to the change in fair value of the public warrant liability in the three months ended March 31, 2022, was approximately $1.7 million, which is presented within changes in fair value of public warrant liability in the condensed consolidated statements of operations. A rollfoward table is not necessary here as these Level 1 public warrants have quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities. Private Warrants: As discussed further in Note 11 , Warrant Liabilities , in January 2022, upon completion of the Business Combination, private warrants were automatically converted to warrants to purchase Common Stock of the Company. These private warrants met the definition of a derivative under ASC 815, and due to the terms of the warrants, were required to be liability classified. This warrant liability was initially recorded as a liability at fair value, with the offsetting entry recorded as a non-cash expense within the statement of operations. The derivative liability was subsequently recorded at fair value at each reporting period, with changes in fair value reflected in earnings. The loss related to the change in fair value of the private warrant liability in the three months ended March 31, 2022, was approxima tely $2.8 million, which is presented within changes in fair value of private warrant liability in the condensed consolidated statements of operations. A roll-forward of the Level 3 private warrant liability is as follows (dollars in thousands):
Opening value at January 1, 2022 |  | $ | — |
Initial fair value at the merger date |  |  | 6,681 |
Change in fair value during the period |  |  | 2,745
Ending value at March 31, 2022 |  | $ | 9,426 |
|  | March 31, 2022 |
Exercise Price |  | $ | 11.50 |
Expected Volatility |  |  | 43.8% |
Risk-free interest rate |  |  | 2.4% |
Remaining term |  |  | 4.76 years |
Dividend yield |  |  | 0% |
There were no other assets or liabilities that were required to be measured at fair value on a recurring basis as of March 31, 2022 and December 31, 2021.
Fair Value of Common Stock | Fair Value of Common Stock Up until the Closing of the Business Combination in which the Company became publicly traded on Nasdaq, the Company was required to estimate the fair value of the Common Stock underlying the Company’s share-based awards. The fair value of the Common Stock underlying the Company’s stock-based awards was determined, in each case, based on a valuation model as discussed further below, and was approved by the Company’s Board of Directors. The Company’s Board of Directors intends all stock options granted to be exercisable at a price per share not less than the fair value per share of the ordinary share underlying those stock options on the date of grant. In the absence of a public market for the Common Stock prior to the date of the Business Combination, the valuation of the Common Stock was determined using a market approach, income approach, and subject company transaction method. The allocation of equity value was determined using the option pricing method. The valuation was performed in accordance with the guidelines outlined in the American Institute of Certified Public Accountants Practice Guide, Valuation of Privately Held Company Equity Securities Issued as Compensation. The Company considered various objective and subjective factors to determine the fair value of its Common Stock as of each grant date, including:
| • |  | Historical financial performance;
| • |  | The Company’s business strategy;
| • |  | Industry information, such as external market conditions and trends;
| • |  | Lack of marketability of the Common Stock;
| • |  | Likelihood of achieving a liquidity event, such as an initial public offering, special-purpose acquisition company (“SPAC”) merger, or strategic sale given prevailing market conditions and the nature and history of the Company’s business;
| • |  | Prices, privileges, powers, preferences, and rights of the convertible preferred stock relative to those of the Common Stock;
| • |  | Forecasted cash flow projections for the Company;
| • |  | Publicly traded price of the SPAC;
| • |  | Primary preferred stock financings and secondary common stock transactions of the Company’s equity securities;
| • |  | Lack of marketability/illiquidity of the common stock underlying the Company’s stock-based awards involving securities in a private company; and
| • |  | Macroeconomic conditions.
The assumptions underlying these valuations represented management’s best estimate, which involved inherent uncertainties and the application of management’s judgment. The probability of a liquidity event and the derived discount rate are significant assumptions used to estimate the fair value of the Common Stock. If the Company had used different assumptions or estimates, the fair value of the Common Stock and the Company’s stock-based compensation expense could have been materially different. During 2019 and 2020, the Company’s estimated fair value of its Common Stock remained relatively consistent, fluctuating between $0.935 per share as of August 5, 2019 (“August 2019 Valuation”), and $0.981 per share as of August 30, 2020 (“August 2020 Valuation”). The August 2019 Valuation and August 2020 Valuation utilized the income and market approaches in estimating the fair value. The fair value of the Company’s common stock was estimated to be $0.935 per share as of August 5, 2019 (“August 2019 Valuation”) and $0.981 per share as of August 30, 2020 (“August 2020 Valuation”). In 2021, the Company’s management team first contemplated a SPAC Transaction, which was incorporated in the June 7, 2021 valuation that resulted in a fair value for Dave’s common stock o f $8.67 per share (“June 2021 Valuation”). The SPAC Transaction was considered in the subsequent valuation performed as of October 6, 2021 that resulted in a fair value for Dave’s common stock of $10.80 per share (“October 2021 Valuation”). The August 2019 Valuation and August 2020 Valuations were completed prior to the contemplation of the Business Combination, and at the time of these valuations management did not expect a near-term exit. The August 2019 Valuation was performed at the time of the close of Dave’s Series B-1 and B-2 preferred equity financings (“Series B Financing”). Since no near-term exit was expected, the August 2019 Valuation was performed using the market approach, specifically the subject company transaction method was performed using a single option pricing model (“OPM”) as the allocation method. As a result, the fair value of the Company’s common stock was inferred from the Series B Financing. The August 2020 Valuation was performed using the market approach, specifically the guideline public company method (“GPCM”) and used a single OPM as the allocation methodology. The GPCM was performed by first considering the Series B Financing’s implied revenue multiple from the August 2019 valuation report, and then was adjusted based on changes in the guideline public company’s multiples since the Series B Financing occurred, with consideration for adjustments based on the Company’s comparative operational performance between the periods. The June 2021 Valuation and October 2021 Valuation both used the hybrid method, wherein a PWERM incorporated an expected near-term SPAC exit scenario as well as an OPM. The OPM was used to model the value of common stock in a delayed exit/stay private scenario. Total equity values for each scenario management identified were estimated as of the measurement date. The delayed exit/stay private scenario total equity value was estimated using the discounted cash flow method under the income approach and the GPCM under the market approach. The total equity value in the SPAC Transaction scenario included in the June 2021 Valuation was determined based on the expected Business Combination pre-money valuation. The common stock price per share in the SPAC Transaction scenario included in the October 2021 Valuation was determined based on the publicly traded price of the SPAC as of the valuation date. Management’s estimated probability for each scenario occurring at each valuation date was applied to the respective scenario’s indicated common stock value to arrive at the estimated fair value of common stock. The increase in the fair value of the Company’s common stock between the August 2019 and August 2020 Valuations, and the June 2021 Valuation and the October 2021 Valuation was predominantly due to the Company’s progress towards completing the Business Combination that was not known or knowable at the earlier valuation dates. As previously discussed, the August 2019 Valuation utilized the Series B financing to determine the value of common stock in a single OPM. The August 2020 Valuation relied upon the GPCM with valuation multiples selected considering the implied multiples at the time of the Series B Financing, with appropriate adjustments to the multiples to account for changes in the Company’s financial and operational performance as well as to reflect changes in the guideline public companies’ multiples and comparative performance, from the close of the Series B financing to the August 2020 valuation date. In early 2021, the Company first contemplated a SPAC Transaction and began taking the necessary steps to prepare for a business combination with VPCC. The necessary steps undertaken to prepare for the Business Combination included meeting with VPCC and investment bankers, discussing timing expectations, and negotiating the preliminary letter of intent with VPCC. As ongoing negotiations related to the Business Combination reflected an increased likelihood of a near-term exit transaction and/or liquidity event, the valuation of Dave’s equity as of the June 2021 Valuation took into consideration the indicated equity value implied by the negotiations as well as the uncertainty inherent in the future key milestones including execution of the Business Combination Agreement and VPCC’s shareholder vote. Similarly, the increase in the common stock value t o $10.80 per share in the October 2021 Valuation resulted primarily from an increase in the probability of the near-term SPAC Transaction closing and an increase in the value of common stock in that scenario due to the passage of time and an increase in the SPAC’s publicly traded price as compared to the SPAC Transaction’s negotiated pre-money valuation. As a result, the increase in Dave’s common stock fair value between the valuation dates resulted directly from both the increase in the pre-money valuation and acceleration of the timing of an exit, from the Series B Financing to the Business Combination.
Concentration of Risk | Concentration of Risk Financial instruments, which potentially subject the Company to concentrations of credit risk, principally consist of cash and cash equivalents, restricted cash, Member cash advances, and accounts receivable. The Company’s cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash in excess of the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (“FDIC”) insured limits were approximately $ 23.5 million at March 31, 2022 and $31.9 million at December 31, 2021, respectively. The Company’s payment processors also collect cash on the Company’s behalf and will hold these cash balances temporarily until they are settled the next business day. Also, the Company does not believe its marketable securities are exposed to any significant credit risk due to the quality and nature of the securities in which the money is held. Pursuant to the Company’s internal investment policy, investments must be rated A-1/P-1 or better by Standard and Poor’s Rating Service and Moody’s Investors Service at the time of purchase. No Member individually exceeded 10% or more of the Company’s Member cash advances balances as of December 31, 2021 and 2020.
Leases | Leases ASC 842, Leases (“ASC 842”) requires lessees to recognize most leases on the consolidated balance sheet with a corresponding right-of-use asset. Right-of-use assets represent the Company’s right to use an underlying asset for the lease term and lease liabilities represent the Company’s obligation to make lease payments arising from the lease. Right-of-use assets and lease liabilities are recognized at the lease commencement date based on the estimated present value of fixed lease payments over the lease term. Leases are classified as financing or operating which will drive the expense recognition pattern. Lease payments on short-term leases are recognized as expense on a straight-line basis over the lease term. The Company leases office space under three separate leases, all of which are considered operating leases. One lease includes the option to renew and the exercise of the renewal option is at the Company’s sole discretion. Options to extend or terminate a lease are considered as part of calculating the lease term to the extent that the option is reasonably certain of exercise. The leases do not include the options to purchase the leased property. The depreciable life of assets and leasehold improvements are limited by the expected lease term. Covenants imposed by the leases include letters of credit required to be obtained by the lessee. The incremental borrowing rate (“IBR”) represents the rate of interest the Company would expect to pay on a collateralized basis to borrow an amount equal to the lease payments under similar terms. When determinable, the Company uses the rate implicit in the lease to determine the present value of lease payments. As the Company’s leases do not provide an implicit rate, the Company uses its incremental borrowing rate based on the information available at the lease commencement date in determining the present value of lease payments.
Loans to Stockholders | Loans to Stockholders In 2019, the Company entered into loan, pledge, and option agreements with various employees, who are also stockholders, to provide those employees cash in exchange for non-recourse promissory notes and call options, which allow the Company to acquire shares held by these stockholders. Following ASC 310, the Company recorded the note as a reduction to shareholders’ equity and will do so until it is repaid, or the associated call option is exercised and the Company reacquires the collateralized shares. Interest earned and accrued on the notes also increases this contra-equity account balance. Upon consummation of the Business Combination in January 2022, all of the call options related to the Loans to Stockholders were exercised and the related loans were settled.
Stock-Based Compensation | Stock-Based Compensation Stock Option Awards: ASC 718, Compensation-Stock Compensation (“ASC 718”), requires the estimate of the fair value of all stock-based payments to employees, including grants of stock options, to be recognized in the statement of operations over the requisite service period. Under ASC 718, employee option grants are generally valued at the grant date and those valuations do not change once they have been established. The fair value of each option award is estimated on the grant date using the Black-Scholes Option Pricing Model. As allowed by ASC 718, the Company’s estimate of expected volatility is based on its peer company average volatilities, including industry, stage of life cycle, size, and financial leverage. The risk-free rate for periods within the contractual life of the option is based on the U.S. Treasury yield curve in effect at the time of grant valuation. The Company recognizes forfeitures as they occur. Restricted Stock Awards: Restricted stock awards (“RSAs”) are valued on the grant date and the fair value of the RSAs is equal to the estimated fair value of the Company’s Common Stock on the grant date. This compensation cost is recognized over the requisite service period. When the requisite service period begins prior to the grant date (because the service inception date occurs prior to the grant date), the Company is required to begin recognizing compensation cost before there is a measurement date (i.e., the grant date). The service inception date is the beginning of the requisite service period. If the service inception date precedes the grant date, accrual of compensation cost for periods before the grant date shall be based on the fair value of the award at the reporting date. In the period in which the grant is approved, cumulative compensation cost is adjusted to reflect the cumulative effect of the compensation cost based on fair value at the grant date rather than the service inception date. The Company recognizes forfeitures as they occur. RSAs Issued to Non-Employees: The Company issues shares of restricted stock to consultants for various advisory and consulting-related services. The Company recognized this expense, measured as the estimated value of the shares issued, as a component of stock-based compensation expense, presented within compensation and benefits in the consolidated statements of operations.
Advertising Costs | Advertising Costs Advertising costs are expensed as incurred. Advertising expense for the three months ended March 31, 2022 and 2021, was approximately $12.2 million and $14.0 million, respectively, and is presented within advertising and marketing in the condensed consolidated statements of operations.
Income Taxes | Income Taxes The Company follows ASC 740, Income Taxes (“ASC 740”), which requires recognition of deferred tax assets and liabilities for the expected future tax consequences of events that have been included in the financial statements or tax returns. Under this method, deferred tax assets and liabilities are based on the differences between the financial statement and tax basis of assets and liabilities using enacted tax rates in effect for the year in which the differences are expected to reverse. Deferred tax assets are reduced by a valuation allowance to the extent management concludes it is more-likely-than-not that the asset will not be realized. ASC 740 provides that a tax benefit from an uncertain tax position may be recognized when it is more-likely-than-not that the position will be sustained in a court of last resort, based on the technical merits. If more-likely-than-not, the amount recognized is the largest amount of tax benefit that is greater than 50% likely of being realized on examination, including compromise settlements. For tax positions not meeting the more-likely-than-not threshold, no tax benefit is recorded. The Company has estimated approximately $0.5 million of uncertain tax positions as of both March 31, 2022 and December 31, 2021, related to state income taxes and research tax credits. The Company’s policy is to recognize interest expense and penalties accrued on any unrecognized tax benefits as a component of income tax expense within the statement of operations. The Company recognized approximately $0.001 million and $0.002 million of interest expense and penalties as a component of income tax expense during the three months ended March 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively. There was approximately $0.008 million and $0.007 million of accrued interest expense and penalties as of March 31, 2022 and December 31, 2021, respectively.
Segment Information | Segment Information The Company determines its operating segments based on how its chief operating decision makers manage operations, make operating decisions, and evaluate operating performance. The Company has determined that the Chief Operating Decision Maker (“CODM”) is a joint role shared by the Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer. Based upon the way the CODM reviews financial information and makes operating decisions and considering that the CODM reviews financial information on a consolidated basis for purposes of allocating resources and evaluating financial performance, the service-based and transaction-based operations constitute a single operating segment and one reportable segment.
Net (Loss) Income Per Share Attributable to Stockholders | Net (Loss) Income Per Share Attributable to Stockholders The Company has two classes of participating securities (Class A Common Stock and Class V Common Stock) issued and outstanding as of March 31, 2022. Prior to the consummation of the Business Combination, the Company had five classes of participating securities (Series A preferred stock, par value $0.000001 per share (“Series A Preferred Shares”), Series B-1 preferred stock, par value $0.000001 per share (“Series B-1 Preferred Shares”), and Series B-2 preferred stock, par value $0.000001 per share (“Series B-2 Preferred Shares”) and, together with the Series A Preferred Shares and the Series B-1 Preferred Shares, the “Preferred Stock”), unvested Restricted Stock Awards (“RSA”) and early exercised stock options) issued and outstanding as of March 31, 2022 and 2021. The Company used the two-class method to compute net (loss) income per common share, because it had issued multiple classes of participating securities. The two-class method requires earnings for the period to be allocated between multiple classes of participating securities based upon their respective rights to receive distributed and undistributed earnings. The Company used the two-class method to compute net (loss) income per common share. Losses are not attributed to participating securities as holders of Preferred Stock, unvested RSAs, and early exercise stock options are not contractually obligated to share in the Company’s losses. Basic net (loss) income attributable to holders of Common Stock per share is calculated by dividing net (loss) income attributable to holders of Common Stock by the weighted-average number of shares outstanding, excluding shares issued in relation to unvested RSAs and vested early exercise options funded by non-recourse notes (refer to Note 1 7 Related-Party Transactions for further details on the Company’s Loans to Stockholders). Diluted net (loss) income per share attributable to holders of Common Stock adjusts the basic net (loss) income per share attributable to stockholders and the weighted-average number of shares outstanding for the potentially dilutive impact of stock options, warrants, and restricted stock using the treasury stock method and convertible preferred stock using the as-if-converted method. The following table sets forth the computation of the Company’s basic and diluted net (loss) income per share attributable to holders of Common Stock (in thousands, except share data):
|  | For the Three Months Ended March 31, |
|  | 2022 |  |  | 2021 |
Numerator |  |  |  |  |  |
Net (loss) income |  | $ | (34,835 | ) |  | $ | 3,952 |
Less: noncumulative dividend to convertible preferred stockholders |  |  | — |  |  |  | (3,952 | )
Less: undistributed earnings to participating securities |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |
Net (loss) income attributed to common stockholders—basic |  |  | (34,835 | ) |  |  | — |
Add: undistributed earnings reallocated to common stockholders |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |
Net (loss) income attributed to common stockholders—diluted |  | $ | (34,835 | ) |  | $ | — |
Denominator |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Weighted-average shares of common stock—basic |  |  | 361,939,372 |  |  |  | 133,243,614 |
Dilutive effect of convertible preferred stock |  |  |  |  |  |  | 185,833,546 |
Dilutive effect of equity incentive awards |  |  | — |  |  |  | 21,833,189 |
Weighted-average shares of common stock—diluted |  |  | 361,939,372 |  |  |  | 340,910,349 |
Net (loss) income per share |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Basic |  | $ | (0.10 | ) |  | $ | — |
Diluted |  | $ | (0.10 | ) |  | $ | — |
The following potentially dilutive shares were excluded from the computation of diluted net (loss) income per share for the periods presented because including them would have been antidilutive:
|  | For the Three Months Ended March 31, |
|  | 2022 |  |  | 2021 |
Equity incentive awards |  |  | 58,275 |  |  |  | — |
Convertible deb t |  |  | 10,000,000 |  |  |  | — |
Convertible preferred stock |  |  | — |  |  |  | 18,048,635 |
Series B-1 warrants |  |  | — |  |  |  | 2,333,122 |
Total |  |  | 10,058,275 |  |  |  | 20,381,757 |
Recent Accounting Pronouncements | Recent Accounting Pronouncements Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements Not Yet Adopted: In June 2016, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) 2016-13, Financial Instruments—Credit Losses (Topic 326): Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments (“ASU 2016-13”). ASU 2016-13 introduced a new credit loss methodology, the Current Expected Credit Losses (“CECL”) methodology, which requires earlier recognition of credit losses, while also providing additional transparency about credit risk. The CECL methodology utilizes a lifetime “expected credit loss” measurement objective for the recognition of credit losses for loans, held-to maturity debt securities, trade receivables and other receivables measured at amortized cost at the time the financial asset is originated or acquired. Subsequent to the issuance of ASU 2016-13, the FASB issued several additional ASUs to clarify implementation guidance, provide narrow-scope improvements and provide additional disclosure guidance. In November 2019, the FASB issued an amendment making this ASU effective for public companies for the fiscal year beginning after December 15, 2019. In February 2020, the FASB issued an amendment providing a description of the measurement process for current expected credit losses. Early adoption is permitted. The Company plans to adopt the standard on January 1, 2023, provided it remains an “emerging growth company” as defined in Section 2(a) of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of the adoption of this standard on its condensed consolidated financial statements and related disclosures. In March 2020, the FASB issued ASU No. 2020-04, Reference Rate Reform (Topic 848): Facilitation of the Effects of Reference Rate Reform on Financial Reporting , which provides optional guidance for accounting for contracts, hedging relationships, and other transactions affected by reference rate reform, if certain criteria are met. The provisions of this standard are available for election for all companies through December 31, 2022. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of the adoption of this standard on its condensed consolidated financial statements and related disclosures. Recently Adopted Accounting Pronouncements: In December 2019, the FASB issued ASU 2019-12, Income Taxes (Topic 740): Simplifying the Accounting for Income Taxes (“ASU 2019-12”), as part of its Simplification Initiative to reduce the cost and complexity in accounting for income taxes. The amendments in ASU 2019-12 remove certain exceptions related to the approach for intra-period tax allocation, the methodology for calculating income taxes in an interim period and the recognition of deferred tax liabilities for outside basis differences. ASU 2019-12 also amends other aspects of the guidance to help simplify and promote consistent application of U.S. GAAP. This ASU is effective for public companies for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2020. Early adoption is permitted. The Company adopted the standard effective January 1, 2022. The Company has evaluated the effect that the updated standard had on its internal processes, condensed consolidated financial statements, and related disclosures, and has determined that the adoption did not have a significant impact on its condensed consolidated financial statements and related disclosures. In August 2020, the FASB issued ASU 2020-06, Debt – Debt with Conversion and Other Options (Subtopic 470-20) and Derivatives and Hedging – Contracts in Entity’s Own Equity (Subtopic 815-40): Accounting for Convertible Instruments and Contracts in an Entity’s Own Equity (“ASU 2020-06”). The guidance in ASU 2020-06 simplifies the accounting for convertible debt and convertible preferred stock by removing the requirements to separately present certain conversion features in equity. In addition, the amendments in the ASU 2020-06 also simplify the guidance in ASC Subtopic 815-40, Derivatives and Hedging: Contracts in Entity’s Own Equity , by removing certain criteria that must be satisfied in order to classify a contract as equity, which is expected to decrease the number of freestanding instruments and embedded derivatives accounted for as assets or liabilities. Finally, the amendments revise the guidance on calculating earnings per share, requiring use of the if-converted method for all convertible instruments and rescinding an entity’s ability to rebut the presumption of share settlement for instruments that may be settled in cash or other assets. The amendments in ASU 2020-06 are effective for public companies for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2021. The Company adopted the standard effective January 1, 2022 on a modified retrospective approach. The Company has evaluated the effect that the updated standard had on its internal processes, condensed consolidated financial statements, and related disclosures, and has determined that the adoption did not have a significant impact on its condensed consolidated financial statements and related disclosures. In October 2020, the FASB issued ASU 2020-10, Codification Improvements (“Codification”). The update provides incremental improvements on various topics in the Codification to provide clarification, correct errors in, and simplification on a variety of topics. Among other things, the guidance includes presentation disclosures for the amount of income tax expense or benefit related to other comprehensive income. The amendments are effective for public entities in fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2020, including interim periods within those fiscal years. Early adoption is permitted. The Company adopted the standard effective January 1, 2021. The Company has evaluated the effect that the updated standard had on its internal processes, condensed consolidated financial statements, and related disclosures, and has determined that the adoption did not have a significant impact on its condensed consolidated financial statements and related disclosures. In May 2021, the FASB issued ASU 2021-04, Earnings Per Share (Topic 260), Debt-Modifications and Extinguishments (Subtopic 470-50), Compensation-Stock Compensation (Topic 718), and Derivatives and Hedging-Contracts in Entity’s Own Equity (Subtopic 815-40), which addresses issuer’s accounting for certain modifications or exchanges of freestanding equity-classified written call options. The amendments in this update are effective for all companies for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2021. The Company adopted the standard effective January 1, 2022. The Company has evaluated the effect that the updated standard had on its internal processes, condensed consolidated financial statements, and related disclosures, and has determined that the adoption did not have a significant impact on its condensed consolidated financial statements and related disclosures.

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