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Fair Value of Financial Instruments | 9 Months Ended
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Sep. 30, 2025
Fair Value Disclosures [Abstract] |
Fair Value of Financial Instruments | Note 14 Fair Value of Financial Instruments The following are the major categories of assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis as of September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, using quoted prices in active markets for identical assets (Level 1), significant other observable inputs (Level 2), and significant unobservable inputs (Level 3) (in thousands):
September 30, 2025 |  | Level 1 |  |  | Level 2 |  |  | Level 3 |  |  | Total |
Assets |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Investments |  |  | — |  |  |  | 41,846 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 41,846 |
Total assets |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 41,846 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 41,846 |
Liabilities |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Warrant liabilities - public warrants |  | $ | 6,884 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 6,884 |
Warrant liabilities - private warrants |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 6,705 |  |  |  | 6,705 |
Earnout liabilities |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 3,651 |  |  |  | 3,651 |
Total liabilities |  | $ | 6,884 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 10,356 |  |  | $ | 17,240 |
December 31, 2024 |  | Level 1 |  |  | Level 2 |  |  | Level 3 |  |  | Total |
Assets |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Marketable securities |  | $ | 97 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 97 |
Investments |  |  | — |  |  |  | 40,473 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 40,473 |
Total assets |  | $ | 97 |  |  | $ | 40,473 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 40,570 |
Liabilities |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Warrant liabilities - public warrants |  | $ | 1,016 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 1,016 |
Warrant liabilities - private warrants |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 916 |  |  |  | 916 |
Earnout liabilities |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 996 |  |  |  | 996 |
Total liabilities |  | $ | 1,016 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 1,912 |  |  | $ | 2,928 |
The Company had no assets or liabilities measured at fair value on a non-recurring basis as of September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024. The Company also has financial instruments not measured at fair value. The Company has evaluated cash (Level 1), restricted cash (Level 1), accounts payable (Level 2), accrued expenses (Level 2) and ExtraCash receivables (Level 3) and believes the carrying value approximates the fair value due to the short-term nature of these balances. The fair value of the debt facility (Level 2) approximates its carrying value. Marketable Securities: The Company evaluated the quoted market prices in active markets for its marketable securities and has classified its securities as Level 1. The Company’s investments in marketable securities are exposed to price fluctuations. The fair value measurements for the securities are based upon the quoted prices of similar items in active markets multiplied by the number of securities owned. Investments: The following describes the valuation techniques used by the Company to measure the fair value of investments held as of September 30, 2025 and 2024. U.S. Government Securities The fair value of U.S. government securities is estimated by independent pricing services who use computerized valuation formulas to calculate current values. U.S. government securities are categorized in Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy. Corporate Bonds and Notes The fair value of corporate bonds and notes is estimated by independent pricing services who use computerized valuation formulas to calculate current values. These securities are generally categorized in Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy or in Level 3 when market-based transaction activity is unavailable and significant unobservable inputs are used. Asset-Backed Securities The fair value of these asset-backed securities is estimated by independent pricing services who use computerized valuation formulas to calculate current values. These securities are generally categorized in Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy or in Level 3 when market-based transaction activity is unavailable and significant unobservable inputs are used. Public Warrants: As discussed further in Note 10, Warrant Liabilities, in January 2022, upon completion of the Business Combination, public warrants were automatically converted to warrants to purchase Common Stock of the Company. These public warrants met the definition of a derivative under ASC 815, and due to the terms of the warrants, were required to be liability classified. This warrant liability was initially recorded as a liability at fair value, with the offsetting entry recorded as a non-cash expense within the statement of operations. The derivative liability was subsequently recorded at fair value at each reporting period, with changes in fair value reflected in earnings. The gain/ (loss) related to the change in fair value of the public warrant liability for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025 was $4.6 million and ($5.9) million, respectively, which is presented within changes in fair value of public warrant liability in the condensed consolidated statements of operations. A roll-forward of the Level 1 public warrant liability is as follows (in thousands):
Opening value at January 1, 2025 |  |  |  |  |  | $ | 1,016 |
Change in fair value during the period |  |  |  |  |  |  | 5,867 |
Ending value at September 30, 2025 |  |  |  |  |  | $ | 6,883 |
Private Warrants: As discussed further in Note 10, Warrant Liabilities, in January 2022, upon completion of the Business Combination, private warrants were automatically converted to warrants to purchase Common Stock of the Company. These private warrants met the definition of a derivative under ASC 815, and due to the terms of the warrants, were required to be liability classified. This warrant liability was initially recorded as a liability at fair value, with the offsetting entry recorded as a non-cash expense within the condensed consolidated statement of operations. The derivative liability was subsequently recorded at fair value at each reporting period, with changes in fair value reflected in earnings. The gain/(loss) related to the change in fair value of the private warrant liability for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025 was $4.6 million and ($5.8) million, respectively, w hich is presented within changes in fair value of private warrant liabilities in the condensed consolidated statements of operations. A roll-forward of the Level 3 private warrant liability is as follows (in thousands):
Opening value at January 1, 2025 |  |  |  |  |  | $ | 916 |
Change in fair value during the period |  |  |  |  |  |  | 5,789 |
Ending value at September 30, 2025 |  |  |  |  |  | $ | 6,705 |
The Company used a Black-Scholes option pricing model to determine the fair value of the private warrant liability. The following table presents the assumptions used to value the private warrant liability for the three months ended September 30, 2025:
Exercise price |  |  |  |  |  | $ | 368 |
Expected volatility |  |  |  |  |  |  | 78.50 | %
Risk-free interest rate |  |  |  |  |  |  | 3.66 | %
Remaining term |  |  |  |  |  | 1.26 years |
Dividend yield |  |  |  |  |  |  | 0 | %
Earnout Shares Liability: As part of the recapitalization and business combination in January 2022, 49,563 shares of C lass A Common Stock held by founders of VPCC are subject to forfeiture if the vesting condition is not met over the five-year term following the Closing Date (“Founder Holder Earnout Shares”). These Founder Holder Earnout Shares were initially recorded as a liability at fair value and subsequently recorded at fair value at each reporting period, with changes in fair value reflected in earnings. The gain/(loss) related to the change in fair value of the Founder Holder Earnout Shares liabilities for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025, was $4.8 million and ($2.7) million, respectively, which are presented within changes in fair value of earnout liabilities in the condensed consolidated statements of operations. A roll-forward of the Level 3 Founder Holder Earnout Shares liability is as follows (in thousands):
Opening value at January 1, 2025 |  |  |  |  |  | $ | 996 |
Change in fair value during the period |  |  |  |  |  |  | 2,655 |
Ending value at September 30, 2025 |  |  |  |  |  | $ | 3,651 |
The Company used a Monte Carlo Simulation Method to determine the fair value of the Founder Holder Earnout Shares liability. The following table presents the assumptions used to value the Founder Holder Earnout Shares liability for the three months ended September 30, 2025:
Exercise price |  |  |  |  |  | $400-$480 |
Expected volatility |  |  |  |  |  |  | 66.3 | %
Risk-free interest rate |  |  |  |  |  |  | 3.70 | %
Remaining term |  |  |  |  |  | 1.27 years |
Dividend yield |  |  |  |  |  |  | 0 | %
There were no other assets or liabilities that were required to be measured at fair value on a recurring basis as of September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024.

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- Definition The entire disclosure for the fair value of financial instruments (as defined), including financial assets and financial liabilities (collectively, as defined), and the measurements of those instruments as well as disclosures related to the fair value of non-financial assets and liabilities. Such disclosures about the financial instruments, assets, and liabilities would include: (1) the fair value of the required items together with their carrying amounts (as appropriate); (2) for items for which it is not practicable to estimate fair value, disclosure would include: (a) information pertinent to estimating fair value (including, carrying amount, effective interest rate, and maturity, and (b) the reasons why it is not practicable to estimate fair value; (3) significant concentrations of credit risk including: (a) information about the activity, region, or economic characteristics identifying a concentration, (b) the maximum amount of loss the entity is exposed to based on the gross fair value of the related item, (c) policy for requiring collateral or other security and information as to accessing such collateral or security, and (d) the nature and brief description of such collateral or security; (4) quantitative information about market risks and how such risks are managed; (5) for items measured on both a recurring and nonrecurring basis information regarding the inputs used to develop the fair value measurement; and (6) for items presented in the financial statement for which fair value measurement is elected: (a) information necessary to understand the reasons for the election, (b) discussion of the effect of fair value changes on earnings, (c) a description of [similar groups] items for which the election is made and the relation thereof to the balance sheet, the aggregate carrying value of items included in the balance sheet that are not eligible for the election; (7) all other required (as defined) and desired information. + References Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef -Topic 820 -SubTopic 10 -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Section 50 -Paragraph 2 -Subparagraph (bbb)(1) -Publisher FASB -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482106/820-10-50-2 Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/exampleRef -Topic 820 -SubTopic 10 -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Section 55 -Paragraph 107 -Publisher FASB -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482078/820-10-55-107 Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/exampleRef -Topic 820 -SubTopic 10 -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Section 55 -Paragraph 100 -Publisher FASB -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482078/820-10-55-100 Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef -Topic 820 -SubTopic 10 -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Section 50 -Paragraph 2 -Subparagraph (c)(3) -Publisher FASB -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482106/820-10-50-2 Reference 5: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef -Topic 820 -SubTopic 10 -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Section 50 -Paragraph 6A -Subparagraph (a) -Publisher FASB -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482106/820-10-50-6A Reference 6: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef -Topic 820 -SubTopic 10 -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Section 50 -Paragraph 2E -Publisher FASB -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482106/820-10-50-2E Reference 7: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef -Topic 820 -SubTopic 10 -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Section 50 -Paragraph 6A -Subparagraph (h) -Publisher FASB -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482106/820-10-50-6A Reference 8: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef -Topic 820 -SubTopic 10 -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Section 50 -Paragraph 6A -Subparagraph (f) -Publisher FASB -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482106/820-10-50-6A Reference 9: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef -Topic 820 -SubTopic 10 -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Section 50 -Paragraph 6A -Subparagraph (e) -Publisher FASB -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482106/820-10-50-6A Reference 10: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef -Topic 820 -SubTopic 10 -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Section 50 -Paragraph 6A -Subparagraph (d) -Publisher FASB -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482106/820-10-50-6A Reference 11: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef -Topic 820 -SubTopic 10 -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Section 50 -Paragraph 2 -Subparagraph (h) -Publisher FASB -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482106/820-10-50-2 Reference 12: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef -Topic 820 -SubTopic 10 -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Section 50 -Paragraph 2 -Subparagraph (g) -Publisher FASB -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482106/820-10-50-2 Reference 13: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef -Topic 940 -SubTopic 820 -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Section 50 -Paragraph 1 -Subparagraph (a) -Publisher FASB -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147478119/940-820-50-1 + Details
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