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Financial Instruments | 9 Months Ended
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Sep. 30, 2013
Financial Instruments Disclosure [Abstract] |
Financial Instruments | Financial Instruments Debt The estimated fair value of the company's total debt including interest rate financial instruments was determined using level 2 inputs within the fair value hierarchy, as described in the company's 2012 Annual Report in Note 1, “Summary of Significant Accounting Policies.” Based on quoted market prices for the same or similar issues or on current rates offered to the company for debt of the same remaining maturities, the fair value of the company's debt was approximately $15,490 and $13,015 as of September 30, 2013 and December 31, 2012, respectively. The increase was primarily due to the issuance in the first quarter 2013 of $1,250 of 2.80% Notes due February 15, 2023 and $750 of 4.15% Notes due February 15, 2043 and an increase in short-term borrowings, partially offset by debt maturities and a decrease in the fair value due to changes in market interest rates during the nine months ended September 30, 2013. Cash Equivalents The fair value of cash equivalents approximates its stated value. The estimated fair value of the company's cash equivalents was determined using level 1 and level 2 inputs within the fair value hierarchy, as described in the company's 2012 Annual Report in Note 1, “Summary of Significant Accounting Policies.” Level 1 measurements are based on quoted market prices and level 2 measurements are based on current interest rates for similar instruments with comparable credit risk and time to maturity. The company held $1,334 and $0 of money market funds (level 1 measurements) as of September 30, 2013 and December 31, 2012, respectively. The company held $3,697 and $2,026 of other cash equivalents (level 2 measurements) as of September 30, 2013 and December 31, 2012, respectively. Derivative Instruments Objectives and Strategies for Holding Derivative Instruments In the ordinary course of business, the company enters into contractual arrangements (derivatives) to reduce its exposure to foreign currency, interest rate and commodity price risks. The company has established a variety of derivative programs to be utilized for financial risk management. These programs reflect varying levels of exposure coverage and time horizons based on an assessment of risk. Derivative programs have procedures and controls and are approved by the Corporate Financial Risk Management Committee, consistent with the company's financial risk management policies and guidelines. Derivative instruments used are forwards, options, futures and swaps. The company has not designated any nonderivatives as hedging instruments. The company's financial risk management procedures also address counterparty credit approval, limits and routine exposure monitoring and reporting. The counterparties to these contractual arrangements are major financial institutions and major commodity exchanges. The company is exposed to credit loss in the event of nonperformance by these counterparties. The company utilizes collateral support annex agreements with certain counterparties to limit its exposure to credit losses. The company's derivative assets and liabilities are reported on a gross basis in the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets. The company anticipates performance by counterparties to these contracts and therefore no material loss is expected. Market and counterparty credit risks associated with these instruments are regularly reported to management. The notional amounts of the company's derivative instruments were as follows:
| September 30, 2013 | December 31, 2012
Derivatives designated as hedging instruments: |  |
Interest rate swaps | $ | 1,000 |  | $ | 1,000 |
Foreign currency contracts | 683 |  | 1,083 |
Commodity contracts | 168 |  | 753 |
Derivatives not designated as hedging instruments: |  |
Foreign currency contracts | 11,611 |  | 6,733 |
Commodity contracts | 15 |  | 242 |
Foreign Currency Risk The company's objective in managing exposure to foreign currency fluctuations is to reduce earnings and cash flow volatility associated with foreign currency rate changes. Accordingly, the company enters into various contracts that change in value as foreign exchange rates change to protect the value of its existing foreign currency-denominated assets, liabilities, commitments and cash flows. The company routinely uses forward exchange contracts to offset its net exposures, by currency, related to the foreign currency-denominated monetary assets and liabilities of its operations. The primary business objective of this hedging program is to maintain an approximately balanced position in foreign currencies so that exchange gains and losses resulting from exchange rate changes, net of related tax effects, are minimized. The company also uses foreign currency exchange contracts to offset a portion of the company's exposure to certain foreign currency-denominated revenues so that gains and losses on these contracts offset changes in the USD value of the related foreign currency-denominated revenues. The objective of the hedge program is to reduce earnings and cash flow volatility related to changes in foreign currency exchange rates. Interest Rate Risk The company uses interest rate swaps to manage the interest rate mix of the total debt portfolio and related overall cost of borrowing. Interest rate swaps involve the exchange of fixed for floating rate interest payments to effectively convert fixed rate debt into floating rate debt based on USD LIBOR. Interest rate swaps allow the company to achieve a target range of floating rate debt. Commodity Price Risk Commodity price risk management programs serve to reduce exposure to price fluctuations on purchases of inventory such as copper, corn, soybeans and soybean meal. The company enters into over-the-counter and exchange-traded derivative commodity instruments to hedge the commodity price risk associated with energy feedstock and agricultural commodity exposures. Fair Value Hedges Interest Rate Swaps At September 30, 2013, the company maintained a number of interest rate swaps, which were implemented at the time debt instruments were issued. All interest rate swaps qualify for the shortcut method of hedge accounting, thus there is no ineffectiveness related to these hedges. Cash Flow Hedges Foreign Currency Contracts The company uses foreign currency exchange instruments such as forwards and options to offset a portion of the company's exposure to certain foreign currency-denominated revenues so that gains and losses on these contracts offset changes in the USD value of the related foreign currency-denominated revenues. Commodity Contracts The company enters into over-the-counter and exchange-traded derivative commodity instruments, including options, futures and swaps, to hedge the commodity price risk associated with energy feedstock and agriculture commodity exposures. While each risk management program has a different time maturity period, most programs currently do not extend beyond the next two-year period. Cash flow hedge results are reclassified into earnings during the same period in which the related exposure impacts earnings. Reclassifications are made sooner if it appears that a forecasted transaction will not materialize. The following table summarizes the after-tax effect of cash flow hedges on accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2013 and 2012:
| Three Months Ended | Nine Months Ended
| September 30, | September 30,
| 2013 | 2012 | 2013 | 2012
Beginning balance | $ | (29 | ) | $ | 29 |  | $ | 3 |  | $ | 41 |
Additions and revaluations of derivatives designated as cash flow hedges | (9 | ) | (5 | ) | (24 | ) | 15 |
Clearance of hedge results to earnings | 1 |  | (6 | ) | (16 | ) | (38 | )
Ending balance | $ | (37 | ) | $ | 18 |  | $ | (37 | ) | $ | 18 |
At September 30, 2013, the after-tax amount expected to be reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) into earnings over the next 12 months is $(30). Derivatives not Designated in Hedging Relationships Foreign Currency Contracts The company routinely uses forward exchange contracts to reduce its net exposure, by currency, related to foreign currency-denominated monetary assets and liabilities of its operations so that exchange gains and losses resulting from exchange rate changes are minimized. The netting of such exposures precludes the use of hedge accounting; however, the required revaluation of the forward contracts and the associated foreign currency-denominated monetary assets and liabilities intends to achieve a minimal earnings impact, after taxes. Additionally, the company has cross-currency swaps to hedge foreign currency fluctuations on long-term intercompany loans. In 2012, the company initiated a program to utilize forward exchange contracts to reduce the net exposure related to foreign currency-denominated monetary assets and liabilities of its discontinued operations. Commodity Contracts The company utilizes options, futures and swaps that are not designated as hedging instruments to reduce exposure to commodity price fluctuations on purchases of inventory such as corn, soybeans and soybean meal. Fair Values of Derivative Instruments The table below presents the fair values of the company's derivative assets and liabilities within the fair value hierarchy, as described in the company's 2012 Annual Report in Note 1, “Summary of Significant Accounting Policies.”
|  | Fair Value Using Level 2 Inputs
| Balance Sheet Location | September 30, 2013 | December 31, 2012
Asset derivatives: |  |  |
Derivatives designated as hedging instruments: |  |  |
Interest rate swaps 1 | Other assets | $ | 35 |  | $ | 55 |
Foreign currency contracts | Accounts and notes receivable, net | 3 |  | 7 |
|  | 38 |  | 62 |
Derivatives not designated as hedging instruments: |  |  |  |
Foreign currency contracts 2 | Accounts and notes receivable, net | 94 |  | 88 |
Total asset derivatives 3 |  | $ | 132 |  | $ | 150 |
Cash collateral 1,2 | Other accrued liabilities | $ | 31 |  | $ | 44 |
Liability derivatives: |  |  |  |
Derivatives designated as hedging instruments: |  |  |  |
Foreign currency contracts | Other accrued liabilities | $ | 1 |  | $ | 10 |
Commodity contracts | Other accrued liabilities | 1 |  | — |
|  | 2 |  | 10 |
Derivatives not designated as hedging instruments: |  |  |  |
Foreign currency contracts | Other accrued liabilities | 99 |  | 76 |
Commodity contracts | Other accrued liabilities | 1 |  | 1 |
|  | 100 |  | 77 |
Total liability derivatives 3 |  | $ | 102 |  | $ | 87 |
1 | Cash collateral held as of September 30, 2013 and December 31, 2012 represents $16 and $13, respectively, related to interest rate swap derivatives designated as hedging instruments.
2 | Cash collateral held as of September 30, 2013 and December 31, 2012 represents $15 and $31, respectively, related to foreign currency derivatives not designated as hedging instruments.
3 | The company's derivative assets and liabilities subject to enforceable master netting arrangements totaled $73 at September 30, 2013 and $40 at December 31, 2012.
Effect of Derivative Instruments
| Amount of Gain (Loss) Recognized in OCI 1 (Effective Portion) | Amount of Gain (Loss) Recognized in Income 2 |
Three Months Ended September 30, | 2013 | 2012 | 2013 | 2012 | Income Statement Classification
Derivatives designated as hedging instruments: |  |  |  |  |
Fair value hedges: |  |  |  |  |
Interest rate swaps | $ | — |  | $ | — |  | $ | (5 | ) | $ | — |  | Interest expense 3
Cash flow hedges: |  |  |  |  |
Foreign currency contracts | (5 | ) | (16 | ) | (1 | ) | 13 |  | Net sales
Commodity contracts | (10 | ) | 10 |  | — |  | (2 | ) | Cost of goods sold
| (15 | ) | (6 | ) | (6 | ) | 11 |  |
Derivatives not designated as hedging instruments: |  |  |  |  |
Foreign currency contracts | — |  | — |  | (130 | ) | (221 | ) | Other income (loss), net 4
Commodity contracts | — |  | — |  | (1 | ) | (8 | ) | Cost of goods sold
| — |  | — |  | (131 | ) | (229 | ) |
Total derivatives | $ | (15 | ) | $ | (6 | ) | $ | (137 | ) | $ | (218 | ) |
| Amount of Gain (Loss) Recognized in OCI 1 (Effective Portion) | Amount of Gain (Loss) Recognized in Income 2 |
Nine Months Ended September 30, | 2013 | 2012 | 2013 | 2012 | Income Statement Classification
Derivatives designated as hedging instruments: |  |  |  |  |
Fair value hedges: |  |  |  |  |
Interest rate swaps | $ | — |  | $ | — |  | $ | (20 | ) | $ | (4 | ) | Interest expense 3
Cash flow hedges: |  |  |  |  |
Foreign currency contracts | 11 |  | 1 |  | 2 |  | 20 |  | Net sales
Commodity contracts | (50 | ) | 28 |  | 25 |  | 46 |  | Cost of goods sold
| (39 | ) | 29 |  | 7 |  | 62 |  |
Derivatives not designated as hedging instruments: |  |  |  |  |
Foreign currency contracts | — |  | — |  | 66 |  | (111 | ) | Other income (loss), net 4
Commodity contracts | — |  | — |  | (9 | ) | (22 | ) | Cost of goods sold
| — |  | — |  | 57 |  | (133 | ) |
Total derivatives | $ | (39 | ) | $ | 29 |  | $ | 64 |  | $ | (71 | ) |
1 | OCI is defined as other comprehensive income (loss).
2 | For cash flow hedges, this represents the effective portion of the gain (loss) reclassified from accumulated OCI into income during the period. For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2013 and 2012, there was no material ineffectiveness with regard to the company's cash flow hedges.
3 | Gain (loss) recognized in income of derivative is offset to $0 by gain (loss) recognized in income of the hedged item.
4 | Gain (loss) recognized in other income (loss), net, was partially offset by the related gain (loss) on the foreign currency-denominated monetary assets and liabilities of the company's operations, which were $29 and $91 for the three months ended September 30, 2013 and 2012, respectively, and $(121) and $(50) for the nine months ended September 30, 2013 and 2012, respectively.

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- Definition The entire disclosure for financial instruments. This disclosure includes, but is not limited to, fair value measurements of short and long term marketable securities, international currencies forward contracts, and auction rate securities. Financial instruments may include hedging and non-hedging currency exchange instruments, derivatives, securitizations and securities available for sale at fair value. Also included are investment results, realized and unrealized gains and losses as well as impairments and risk management disclosures. + References No definition available. + Details
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