10-Q 1 dd-930201810xq.htm 10-Q
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UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
WASHINGTON, D.C. 20549
FORM 10-Q

x | QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the quarterly period ended September 30, 2018
OR

o | TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

Commission File Number 1-815
E. I. du Pont de Nemours and Company
(Exact Name of Registrant as Specified in Its Charter)

Delaware |  | 51-0014090
(State or other Jurisdiction of |  | (I.R.S. Employer
Incorporation or Organization) |  | Identification No.)

974 Centre Road, Wilmington, Delaware 19805
(Address of Principal Executive Offices)
(302) 774-1000
(Registrant’s Telephone Number)
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes x No o
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically and posted on its corporate Web site, if any, every Interactive Data File required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that registrant was required to submit and post such files.) Yes x No o
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and "emerging growth company" in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

Large Accelerated Filer x |  | Accelerated Filer o
Non-Accelerated Filer o |  | Smaller reporting company o
|  | Emerging growth company o

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. o
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined by Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes o No x
The Registrant had 100 shares of common stock, $0.30 par value, outstanding at September 30, 2018, all of which are held by DowDuPont Inc.
The Registrant meets the conditions set forth in General Instruction H(1)(a) and (b) of Form 10-Q (as modified by a grant of no-action relief dated February 12, 2018) and is therefore filing this form with reduced disclosure format.

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E. I. DU PONT DE NEMOURS AND COMPANY
Table of Contents
The terms “DuPont” or the “company” as used herein refer to E. I. du Pont de Nemours and Company and its consolidated subsidiaries, or to E. I. du Pont de Nemours and Company, as the context may indicate.

|  | Page
Part I | Financial Information |
Item 1. | Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited) |
| Consolidated Statements of Operations | 2
| Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive (Loss) Income | 4
| Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets | 5
| Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows | 6
| Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited) | 7
Item 2. | Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations | 45
| Cautionary Statements About Forward-Looking Statements | 45
| Recent Developments | 46
| Note on Financial Presentation | 47
| Selected Financial Data | 48
| Results of Operations | 49
| Recent Accounting Pronouncements | 53
| Liquidity & Capital Resources | 53
| Critical Accounting Estimates | 55
| Contractual Obligations | 57
Item 3. | Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk | 57
Item 4. | Controls and Procedures | 57
Part II | Other Information |
Item 1. | Legal Proceedings | 58
Item 1A. | Risk Factors | 58
Item 5. | Other Information | 59
Item 6. | Exhibits | 59
Signature |  | 60
Exhibit Index |  | 61

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PART I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION

Item 1. | CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

E. I. du Pont de Nemours and Company
Consolidated Statements of Operations (Unaudited)

| Successor | Predecessor
(In millions, except per share amounts) | Three Months Ended September 30, 2018 | For the Period September 1 - September 30, 2017 | For the Period July 1 - August 31, 2017
Net sales | $ | 5,294 |  | $ | 1,735 |  | $ | 2,991 |
Cost of goods sold | 3,686 |  | 1,531 |  | 1,937 |
Other operating charges |  |  |  | 136 |
Research and development expense | 367 |  | 120 |  | 267 |
Selling, general and administrative expenses | 823 |  | 276 |  | 776 |
Amortization of intangibles | 307 |  | 89 |  |
Restructuring and asset related charges - net | 182 |  | 40 |  | 11 |
Integration and separation costs | 344 |  | 71 |  |
Goodwill impairment charge | 4,503 |  | — |  | — |
Sundry income (expense) - net | 52 |  | 121 |  | (183 | )
Interest expense | 82 |  | 27 |  | 71 |
Loss from continuing operations before income taxes | (4,948 | ) | (298 | ) | (390 | )
Provision for (benefit from) income taxes on continuing operations | 12 |  | (23 | ) | (132 | )
Loss from continuing operations after income taxes | (4,960 | ) | (275 | ) | (258 | )
(Loss) income from discontinued operations after income taxes | — |  | (20 | ) | 29 |
Net loss | (4,960 | ) | (295 | ) | (229 | )
Net (loss) income attributable to noncontrolling interests | — |  | (2 | ) | 5 |
Net loss attributable to DuPont | $ | (4,960 | ) | $ | (293 | ) | $ | (234 | )
Basic (loss) earnings per share of common stock: |  |  |
Basic loss per share of common stock from continuing operations |  |  | $ | (0.30 | )
Basic earnings per share of common stock from discontinued operations |  |  | 0.03 |
Basic loss per share of common stock |  |  | $ | (0.27 | )
Diluted (loss) earnings per share of common stock: |  |  |
Diluted loss per share of common stock from continuing operations |  |  | $ | (0.30 | )
Diluted earnings per share of common stock from discontinued operations |  |  | 0.03 |
Diluted loss per share of common stock |  |  | $ | (0.27 | )
Dividends declared per share of common stock |  |  | $ | 0.38 |

See Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements beginning on page 8.
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E. I. du Pont de Nemours and Company
Consolidated Statements of Operations (Unaudited)

| Successor | Predecessor
(In millions, except per share amounts) | Nine Months Ended September 30, 2018 | For the Period September 1 - September 30, 2017 | For the Period January 1 - August 31, 2017
Net sales | $ | 20,538 |  | $ | 1,735 |  | $ | 17,281 |
Cost of goods sold | 14,202 |  | 1,531 |  | 10,052 |
Other operating charges |  |  |  |  | 504 |
Research and development expense | 1,145 |  | 120 |  | 1,022 |
Selling, general and administrative expenses | 2,964 |  | 276 |  | 3,222 |
Amortization of intangibles | 955 |  | 89 |  |  |
Restructuring and asset related charges - net | 370 |  | 40 |  | 323 |
Integration and separation costs | 926 |  | 71 |  |  |
Goodwill impairment charge | 4,503 |  | — |  | — |
Sundry income (expense) - net | 293 |  | 121 |  | (113 | )
Interest expense | 248 |  | 27 |  | 254 |
(Loss) income from continuing operations before income taxes | (4,482 | ) | (298 | ) | 1,791 |
Provision for (benefit from) income taxes on continuing operations | 180 |  | (23 | ) | 149 |
(Loss) income from continuing operations after income taxes | (4,662 | ) | (275 | ) | 1,642 |
(Loss) income from discontinued operations after income taxes | (5 | ) | (20 | ) | 119 |
Net (loss) income | (4,667 | ) | (295 | ) | 1,761 |
Net income (loss) attributable to noncontrolling interests | 8 |  | (2 | ) | 20 |
Net (loss) income attributable to DuPont | $ | (4,675 | ) | $ | (293 | ) | $ | 1,741 |
Basic earnings per share of common stock: |  |  |
Basic earnings per share of common stock from continuing operations |  |  | $ | 1.86 |
Basic earnings per share of common stock from discontinued operations |  |  | 0.13 |
Basic earnings per share of common stock |  |  | $ | 2.00 |
Diluted earnings per share of common stock: |  |  |
Diluted earnings per share of common stock from continuing operations |  |  | $ | 1.85 |
Diluted earnings per share of common stock from discontinued operations |  |  | 0.13 |
Diluted earnings per share of common stock |  |  | $ | 1.99 |
Dividends declared per share of common stock |  |  | $ | 1.14 |

See Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements beginning on page 8.
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E. I. du Pont de Nemours and Company
Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive (Loss) Income (Unaudited)

| Successor | Predecessor
(In millions) | Three Months Ended September 30, 2018 | For the Period September 1 - September 30, 2017 | For the Period July 1 - August 31, 2017
Net loss | $ | (4,960 | ) | $ | (295 | ) | $ | (229 | )
Other comprehensive (loss) income - net of tax: |  |  |  |  |
Cumulative translation adjustments | (76 | ) | (572 | ) | 389 |
Adjustments to pension benefit plans | 4 |  | — |  | 50 |
Adjustments to other benefit plans | — |  | — |  | 3 |
Derivative instruments | (3 | ) | — |  | 1 |
Total other comprehensive (loss) income | (75 | ) | (572 | ) | 443 |
Comprehensive (loss) income | (5,035 | ) | (867 | ) | 214 |
Comprehensive (loss) income attributable to noncontrolling interests - net of tax | — |  | (2 | ) | 5 |
Comprehensive (loss) income attributable to DuPont | $ | (5,035 | ) | $ | (865 | ) | $ | 209 |

| Successor | Predecessor
(In millions) | Nine Months Ended September 30, 2018 | For the Period September 1 - September 30, 2017 | For the Period January 1 - August 31, 2017
Net (loss) income | $ | (4,667 | ) | $ | (295 | ) | $ | 1,761 |
Other comprehensive (loss) income - net of tax: |  |  |  |  |  |
Cumulative translation adjustments | (1,042 | ) | (572 | ) | 1,042 |
Adjustments to pension benefit plans | 11 |  | — |  | 247 |
Adjustments to other benefit plans | — |  | — |  | 10 |
Derivative instruments | (8 | ) | — |  | (10 | )
Total other comprehensive (loss) income | (1,039 | ) | (572 | ) | 1,289 |
Comprehensive (loss) income | (5,706 | ) | (867 | ) | 3,050 |
Comprehensive income (loss) attributable to noncontrolling interests - net of tax | 8 |  | (2 | ) | 20 |
Comprehensive (loss) income attributable to DuPont | $ | (5,714 | ) | $ | (865 | ) | $ | 3,030 |

See Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements beginning on page 8.
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E. I. du Pont de Nemours and Company
Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets (Unaudited)

(In millions, except share amounts) | September 30, 2018 | December 31, 2017
Assets |  |  |  |
Current assets |  |  |  |
Cash and cash equivalents | $ | 3,536 |  | $ | 7,250 |
Marketable securities | 264 |  | 952 |
Accounts and notes receivable - net | 7,079 |  | 5,239 |
Inventories | 6,852 |  | 8,633 |
Other current assets | 1,188 |  | 981 |
Total current assets | 18,919 |  | 23,055 |
Investment in nonconsolidated affiliates | 1,416 |  | 1,595 |
Property, plant and equipment - net of accumulated depreciation (September 30, 2018 - $1,367; December 31, 2017 - $443) | 11,832 |  | 12,435 |
Goodwill | 40,988 |  | 45,589 |
Other intangible assets | 26,454 |  | 27,726 |
Deferred income taxes | 276 |  | 480 |
Other assets | 1,839 |  | 2,084 |
Total Assets | $ | 101,724 |  | $ | 112,964 |
Liabilities and Equity |  |  |  |
Current liabilities |  |  |  |
Short-term borrowings and capital lease obligations | $ | 4,360 |  | $ | 2,779 |
Accounts payable | 4,208 |  | 4,831 |
Income taxes payable | 88 |  | 149 |
Accrued and other current liabilities | 2,612 |  | 4,384 |
Total current liabilities | 11,268 |  | 12,143 |
Long-Term Debt | 10,208 |  | 10,291 |
Other Noncurrent Liabilities |  |
Deferred income tax liabilities | 5,456 |  | 5,836 |
Pension and other post employment benefits - noncurrent | 6,151 |  | 7,787 |
Other noncurrent obligations | 1,667 |  | 1,975 |
Total noncurrent liabilities | 23,482 |  | 25,889 |
Commitments and contingent liabilities |  |
Stockholders’ equity |  |  |  |
Preferred stock, without par value – cumulative; 23,000,000 shares authorized; issued at September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017: |  |
$4.50 Series – 1,673,000 shares (callable at $120) | 169 |  | 169 |
$3.50 Series – 700,000 shares (callable at $102) | 70 |  | 70 |
Common stock, $0.30 par value; 1,800,000,000 shares authorized; issued at September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017 - 100 | — |  | — |
Additional paid-in capital | 74,909 |  | 74,727 |
(Accumulated deficit) retained earnings | (6,988 | ) | 175 |
Accumulated other comprehensive loss | (1,420 | ) | (381 | )
Total DuPont stockholders’ equity | 66,740 |  | 74,760 |
Noncontrolling interests | 234 |  | 172 |
Total equity | 66,974 |  | 74,932 |
Total Liabilities and Equity | $ | 101,724 |  | $ | 112,964 |

See Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements beginning on page 8.
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E. I. du Pont de Nemours and Company
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows (Unaudited)

| Successor | Predecessor
(In millions) | Nine Months Ended September 30, 2018 | For the Period September 1 - September 30, 2017 | For the Period January 1 - August 31, 2017
Operating activities |  |  |
Net (loss) income | $ | (4,667 | ) | $ | (295 | ) | $ | 1,761 |
Adjustments to reconcile net (loss) income to cash used for operating activities: |  |  |  |  |  |
Depreciation and amortization | 1,948 |  | 200 |  | 749 |
Provision for deferred income tax | 119 |  | 211 |  |  |
Net periodic pension (benefit) cost | (242 | ) | (28 | ) | 295 |
Pension contributions | (1,266 | ) | (19 | ) | (3,024 | )
Net gain on sales of property, businesses, consolidated companies, and investments | (11 | ) | (1 | ) | (204 | )
Restructuring and asset related charges - net | 370 |  | 40 |  |  |
Asset related charges |  |  |  |  | 279 |
Amortization of inventory step-up | 1,494 |  | 429 |  |  |
Goodwill impairment charge | 4,503 |  | — |  | — |
Other net loss (gain) | 306 |  | (61 | ) | 481 |
Changes in operating assets and liabilities - net | (5,115 | ) | (786 | ) | (4,286 | )
Cash used for operating activities | (2,561 | ) | (310 | ) | (3,949 | )
Investing activities |  |  |  |
Capital expenditures | (911 | ) | (92 | ) | (687 | )
Proceeds from sales of property, businesses, and consolidated companies - net of cash divested | 54 |  | 1 |  | 300 |
Acquisitions of businesses - net of cash acquired | — |  | 3 |  | (246 | )
Investments in and loans to nonconsolidated affiliates | — |  | — |  | (22 | )
Purchases of investments | (1,235 | ) | (26 | ) | (5,457 | )
Proceeds from sales and maturities of investments | 1,930 |  | 1,049 |  | 3,977 |
Foreign currency exchange contract settlements |  |  |  |  | (206 | )
Other investing activities - net | (4 | ) | — |  | (41 | )
Cash (used for) provided by investing activities | (166 | ) | 935 |  | (2,382 | )
Financing activities |  |  |  |
Change in short-term (less than 90 days) borrowings | 2,381 |  | 588 |  | 3,610 |
Proceeds from issuance of long-term debt | 756 |  | — |  | 2,734 |
Payments on long-term debt | (1,534 | ) | (41 | ) | (229 | )
Proceeds from exercise of stock options | 81 |  | 11 |  | 235 |
Dividends paid to stockholders | (7 | ) | (326 | ) | (666 | )
Distributions to DowDuPont | (2,481 | ) | — |  |  |
Other financing activities | (48 | ) | (2 | ) | (52 | )
Cash (used for) provided by financing activities | (852 | ) | 230 |  | 5,632 |
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash | (187 | ) | (69 | ) | 187 |
Change in cash classified as held for sale | — |  | (37 | ) | (31 | )
(Decrease) increase in cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash | (3,766 | ) | 749 |  | (543 | )
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash at beginning of period | 7,808 |  | 4,005 |  | 4,548 |
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash at end of period | $ | 4,042 |  | $ | 4,754 |  | $ | 4,005 |

See Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements beginning on page 8.
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NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (UNAUDITED)

| E.I. du Pont de Nemours and Company |
| Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited) |

Table of Contents

Note |  | Page
1 | Summary of Significant Accounting Policies | 8
2 | Recent Accounting Guidance | 10
3 | Business Combinations | 14
4 | Divestitures and Other Transactions | 17
5 | Revenue | 19
6 | Restructuring and Asset Related Charges - Net | 21
7 | Related Parties | 22
8 | Supplementary Information | 23
9 | Income Taxes | 25
10 | Earnings Per Share of Common Stock | 27
11 | Inventories | 27
12 | Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets | 28
13 | Short-Term Borrowings, Long-Term Debt and Available Credit Facilities | 30
14 | Commitments and Contingent Liabilities | 30
15 | Stockholders' Equity | 34
16 | Pension Plans and Other Post Employment Benefits | 37
17 | Financial Instruments | 38
18 | Fair Value Measurements | 43

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NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (UNAUDITED)
NOTE 1 - SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES
Interim Financial Statements
The accompanying unaudited interim Consolidated Financial Statements have been prepared in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles in the United States of America ("GAAP") for interim financial information and the instructions to Form 10-Q and Rule 10-01 of Regulation S-X. In the opinion of management, all adjustments (consisting of normal recurring adjustments) considered necessary for a fair statement of the results for interim periods have been included. Results for interim periods should not be considered indicative of results for a full year. These interim Consolidated Financial Statements should be read in conjunction with the audited Consolidated Financial Statements and Notes thereto contained in the company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2017, collectively referred to as the “2017 Annual Report.” The interim Consolidated Financial Statements include the accounts of the company and all of its subsidiaries in which a controlling interest is maintained.
Principles of Consolidation and Basis of Presentation
DowDuPont Inc. ("DowDuPont") was formed on December 9, 2015 to effect an all-stock, merger of equals strategic combination between The Dow Chemical Company ("Dow") and DuPont (the "Merger Transaction"). On August 31, 2017 at 11:59 pm ET, (the "Merger Effectiveness Time") pursuant to the Agreement and Plan of Merger, dated as of December 11, 2015, as amended on March 31, 2017 (the "Merger Agreement"), Dow and DuPont each merged with wholly owned subsidiaries of DowDuPont ("Mergers") and, as a result of the Mergers, Dow and DuPont became subsidiaries of DowDuPont (collectively, the "Merger"). Prior to the Merger, DowDuPont did not conduct any business activities other than those required for its formation and matters contemplated by the Merger Agreement. DowDuPont intends to pursue, subject to certain customary conditions, including, among others, the effectiveness of registration statements filed with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission ("SEC") and approval by the Board of Directors of DowDuPont, the separation of the combined company's agriculture business, specialty products business and materials science business through a series of tax-efficient transactions (collectively, the "Intended Business Separations").
For purposes of DowDuPont's financial statement presentation, Dow was determined to be the accounting acquirer in the Merger and DuPont's assets and liabilities are reflected at fair value as of the Merger Effectiveness Time. In connection with the Merger and the related accounting determination, DuPont has elected to apply push-down accounting and reflect in its financial statements the fair value of its assets and liabilities. DuPont's interim Consolidated Financial Statements for periods following the close of the Merger are labeled “Successor” and reflect DowDuPont’s basis in the fair values of the assets and liabilities of DuPont. All periods prior to the closing of the Merger reflect the historical accounting basis in DuPont's assets and liabilities and are labeled “Predecessor.” The interim Consolidated Financial Statements and footnotes include a black line division between the columns titled "Predecessor" and "Successor" to signify that the amounts shown for the periods prior to and following the Merger are not comparable. See Note 3 for additional information on the Merger.
Transactions between DuPont and DowDuPont, Dow and their affiliates and other associated companies are reflected in the Successor consolidated financial statements and disclosed as related party transactions when material. Related party transactions with Dow and DowDuPont are included in Note 7.
As a condition of the regulatory approval for the Merger Transaction, the company was required to divest certain assets related to its crop protection business and research and development ("R&D") organization, specifically the company’s Cereal Broadleaf Herbicides and Chewing Insecticides portfolios, including Rynaxypyr®, Cyazypyr® and Indoxacarb as well as the crop protection R&D pipeline and organization, excluding seed treatment, nematicides, and late-stage R&D programs. On March 31, 2017, the company entered into a definitive agreement (the "FMC Transaction Agreement") with FMC Corporation ("FMC"). Under the FMC Transaction Agreement, FMC would acquire the crop protection business and R&D assets that DuPont was required to divest in order to obtain European Commission ("EC") approval of the Merger Transaction as described above, (the "Divested Ag Business") and DuPont agreed to acquire certain assets relating to FMC’s Health and Nutrition segment, excluding its Omega-3 products (the "H&N Business") (collectively, the "FMC Transactions").
On November 1, 2017, the company completed the FMC Transactions through the disposition of the Divested Ag Business and the acquisition of the H&N Business. The sale of the Divested Ag Business meets the criteria for discontinued operations and as such, results of operations are presented as discontinued operations and have been excluded from continuing operations for all periods presented. The sum of the individual earnings per share amounts from continuing operations and discontinued operations may not equal the total company earnings per share amounts due to rounding. The comprehensive income and cash flows related to the Divested Ag Business have not been segregated and are included in the interim Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive (Loss) Income and interim Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows, respectively, for all periods presented. Amounts related to the Divested Ag Business are consistently included or excluded from the Notes to the interim Consolidated Financial Statements based on the respective financial statement line item. See Note 4 for additional information.
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NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (UNAUDITED)
Certain reclassifications of prior year's data have been made to conform to current year's presentation. As described in Note 2, effective January 1, 2018, the company adopted Financial Accounting Standards Board ("FASB") Accounting Standards Update ("ASU") No. 2017-07, Compensation - Retirement Benefits (Topic 715), Improving the Presentation of Net Periodic Pension Cost and Net Periodic Postretirement Benefit Cost. In conjunction with the adoption of this ASU, the company retrospectively reclassified the non-service components of net periodic benefit cost in the interim Consolidated Statements of Operations. See Note 2 for more information.
Significant Accounting Policies
The company has updated its revenue recognition policy since issuance of its 2017 Annual Report as a result of the adoption of ASU No. 2014-09, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606) in the first quarter 2018. See Notes 2 and 5 for additional information. See Note 1, "Summary of Significant Accounting Policies," in the 2017 Annual Report for more information on DuPont's other significant accounting policies.
Revenue
The company recognizes revenue when its customer obtains control of promised goods or services, in an amount that reflects the consideration which the company expects to receive in exchange for those goods or services. To determine revenue recognition for the arrangements that the company determines are within the scope of Topic 606, the company performs the following five steps: (1) identify the contract(s) with a customer, (2) identify the performance obligations in the contract, (3) determine the transaction price, (4) allocate the transaction price to the performance obligations in the contract, and (5) recognize revenue when (or as) the entity satisfies a performance obligation. See Note 5 for additional information on revenue recognition.
Changes in Accounting and Reporting
Within the Successor periods, DuPont made the following changes in accounting and reporting to harmonize its accounting and reporting with DowDuPont.
Within the Successor periods of the interim Consolidated Statements of Operations:

• | Included royalty income within net sales. In the Predecessor periods, royalty income is included within sundry income (expense) - net.

• | Eliminated the other operating charges line item. In the Successor periods, a majority of these costs are included within cost of goods sold. These costs are also included in selling, general and administrative expenses and amortization of intangibles in the Successor periods.

• | Presented amortization of intangibles as a separate line item. In the Predecessor periods, amortization is included within selling, general and administrative expenses, other operating charges, and research and development expenses.

• | Presented integration and separation costs as a separate line item. In the Predecessor periods, these costs are included within selling, general and administrative expenses.

• | Included interest accrued related to unrecognized tax benefits within the provision for income taxes on continuing operations. In the Predecessor periods, interest accrued related to unrecognized tax benefits is included within sundry income (expense) - net.

Within the Successor period of the interim Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows:

• | Included foreign currency exchange contract settlements within cash flows from operating activities, regardless of hedge accounting qualification. In the Predecessor period, DuPont reflected non-qualified hedge programs, specifically forward contracts, options and cash collateral activity, within cash flows from investing activities. In the Predecessor period, DuPont reflected cash flows from qualified hedge programs within the line item to which the program related (i.e., revenue hedge cash flows presented within changes from accounts receivable).

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NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (UNAUDITED)
NOTE 2 - RECENT ACCOUNTING GUIDANCE
Recently Adopted Accounting Guidance
In May 2014, the FASB issued ASU No. 2014-09, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606) which was further updated in March, April, May and December 2016, as well as September and November 2017. The new guidance clarifies the principles for recognizing revenue and develops a common revenue standard for GAAP. The core principle of the guidance is that an entity should recognize revenue to depict the transfer of promised goods or services to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration to which the entity expects to be entitled in exchange for those goods and services. The new standard resulted in additional disclosure requirements to describe the nature, amount, timing and uncertainty of revenue and cash flows arising from contracts with customers. The standard permits the use of either the retrospective or modified retrospective (cumulative-effect) transition method of adoption.
The company adopted this standard in the first quarter of 2018 and applied the modified retrospective transition method to contracts not completed at the date of initial application. Results for reporting periods beginning after January 1, 2018 are presented under Topic 606, while prior period amounts are not adjusted and continue to be reported in accordance with historic accounting under Topic 605 (Revenue Recognition). The company recognized the cumulative effect of applying the new revenue standard as an adjustment to the opening balance of retained earnings in the beginning of 2018. See Note 5 for additional disclosures regarding the company's contracts with customers.
In accordance with Topic 606, the disclosure of the impact of adoption to the company's Consolidated Balance Sheet was as follows:

(In millions, except per share amounts) | As Reported December 31, 2017 | Effect of Adoption of ASU 2014-09 | Updated January 1, 2018
Current assets |  |  |
Accounts and notes receivable - net | $ | 5,239 |  | $ | 79 |  | $ | 5,318 |
Inventories | 8,633 |  | (53 | ) | 8,580 |
Other current assets | 981 |  | 101 |  | 1,082 |
Deferred income taxes | $ | 480 |  | $ | 1 |  | $ | 481 |
Liabilities and Equity |  |  |
Current liabilities |  |  |
Accounts payable | $ | 4,831 |  | $ | (3 | ) | $ | 4,828 |
Accrued and other current liabilities | 4,384 |  | 120 |  | 4,504 |
Deferred income tax liabilities | $ | 5,836 |  | $ | 3 |  | $ | 5,839 |
Retained earnings | $ | 175 |  | $ | 8 |  | $ | 183 |

The most significant changes as a result of adopting ASU No. 2014-09 relate to the reclassification of the company's return assets and refund liabilities in the agriculture product line on the interim Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets. Under previous guidance, the company accrued the amount of expected product returns as a reduction of net sales and a reduction of accounts and notes receivable - net, and the value associated with the products expected to be recovered in inventory along with a corresponding reduction in cost of goods sold. Under Topic 606, the company now separately presents the amount of expected product returns as refund liabilities, included in accrued and other current liabilities, and the products expected to be recovered as return assets, included in other current assets in the consolidated balance sheets. The reclassification of return assets and refund liabilities was $61 million and $119 million, respectively, at January 1, 2018.
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The effect on the interim Condensed Consolidated Statement of Cash Flows was not material. The following table summarizes the effects of adopting the new accounting standard related to revenue recognition on the company's interim Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheet:

| September 30, 2018
(In millions, except per share amounts) | As Reported | Effect of Change | Balance without Adoption of Topic 606
Current assets |  |  |
Accounts and notes receivable - net | $ | 7,079 |  | $ | (22 | ) | $ | 7,057 |
Inventories | 6,852 |  | 12 |  | 6,864 |
Other current assets | 1,188 |  | (59 | ) | 1,129 |
Deferred income taxes | $ | 276 |  | $ | (1 | ) | $ | 275 |
Liabilities and Equity |  |  |
Current liabilities |  |  |
Accrued and other current liabilities | $ | 2,612 |  | $ | (40 | ) | $ | 2,572 |
Deferred income tax liabilities | $ | 5,456 |  | $ | (8 | ) | $ | 5,448 |
Accumulated deficit | $ | (6,988 | ) | $ | (22 | ) | $ | (7,010 | )

In accordance with Topic 606, the impact of adoption to the company’s interim Consolidated Statements of Operations primarily related to the accounting for interest income from its customer financing arrangements in the agriculture product line. Under previous guidance, the company recorded the interest income from these arrangements over the financing period within sundry income (expense) - net. Under Topic 606, the company elected the practical expedient and does not adjust the promised amount of consideration for the effects of a significant financing component for contracts where payment terms are one year or less. Accordingly, the entire arrangement consideration is recorded in net sales upon satisfaction of the performance obligation. Performance obligations for these arrangements are generally satisfied during the first half of the fiscal year, consistent with the North America growing season. The following tables summarize the effects of adopting the new accounting standard related to revenue recognition on the company's interim Consolidated Statements of Operations for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018:

| For the Three Months Ended September 30, 2018 (Successor)
(In millions, except per share amounts) | As Reported | Effect of Change | Balance without Adoption of Topic 606
Net sales | $ | 5,294 |  | $ | (3 | ) | $ | 5,291 |
Sundry income - net | $ | 52 |  | $ | 20 |  | $ | 72 |
Loss from continuing operations before income taxes | $ | (4,948 | ) | $ | 17 |  | $ | (4,931 | )
Provision for income taxes on continuing operations | $ | 12 |  | $ | 4 |  | $ | 16 |
Loss from continuing operations after income taxes | $ | (4,960 | ) | $ | 13 |  | $ | (4,947 | )

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| For the Nine Months Ended September 30, 2018 (Successor)
(In millions, except per share amounts) | As Reported | Effect of Change | Balance without Adoption of Topic 606
Net sales | $ | 20,538 |  | $ | (75 | ) | $ | 20,463 |
Sundry income - net | $ | 293 |  | $ | 57 |  | $ | 350 |
Loss from continuing operations before income taxes | $ | (4,482 | ) | $ | (18 | ) | $ | (4,500 | )
Provision for income taxes on continuing operations | $ | 180 |  | $ | (4 | ) | $ | 176 |
Loss from continuing operations after income taxes | $ | (4,662 | ) | $ | (14 | ) | $ | (4,676 | )

In August 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-15, Statement of Cash Flows (Topic 230), Classification of Certain Cash Receipts and Cash Payments. The new guidance makes eight targeted changes to how cash receipts and cash payments are presented and classified in the statement of cash flows. The guidance is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2017, and interim periods within those fiscal years. The new guidance requires adoption on a retrospective basis unless it is impracticable to apply, in which case the company would be required to apply the amendments prospectively as of the earliest date practicable. The company adopted this standard on January 1, 2018 and there was no material impact.
In October 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-16, Income Taxes (Topic 740), Intra-Entity Transfers of Assets Other Than Inventory. The new guidance requires that entities recognize the income tax consequences of an intra-entity transfer of an asset other than inventory when the transfer occurs, rather than when the asset is sold to an outside party. The guidance is effective for annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2017, including interim periods within those annual reporting periods. Early adoption is permitted as of the beginning of an annual reporting period. The new guidance requires adoption on a modified retrospective basis through a cumulative-effect adjustment directly to retained earnings as of the beginning of the period of adoption. The company adopted this standard on January 1, 2018 and there was no adjustment to retained earnings.
In November 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-18, Statement of Cash Flows (Topic 230), Restricted Cash (a consensus of the FASB Emerging Issues Task Force), which clarifies how entities should present restricted cash and restricted cash equivalents in the statement of cash flows, and, as a result, entities will no longer present transfers between cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash and restricted cash equivalents in the statement of cash flows. An entity with a material balance of restricted cash and restricted cash equivalents must disclose information about the nature of the restrictions. The company adopted this standard on January 1, 2018. See the interim Condensed Consolidated Statement of Cash Flows for the new presentation of restricted cash as well as Note 8 for a reconciliation of cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash (included in other current assets) presented on the interim Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets to the total cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash presented in the interim Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows.
In January 2017, the FASB issued ASU No. 2017-01, Business Combinations (Topic 805), Clarifying the Definition of a Business. The new guidance narrows the existing definition of a business and provides a framework for evaluating whether a transaction should be accounted for as an acquisition (or disposal) of assets or a business. The guidance requires an entity to evaluate if substantially all of the fair value of the gross assets acquired is concentrated in a single identifiable asset or a group of similar identifiable assets; if so, the set of transferred assets and activities (collectively, the "set") is not a business. To be considered a business, the set would need to include an input and a substantive process that together significantly contribute to the ability to create outputs, as defined by the ASU. The guidance is effective for annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2017, including interim periods within those annual reporting periods, and should be applied prospectively. Early adoption is permitted. The company adopted this standard on January 1, 2018 and will apply it prospectively to all applicable transactions after the adoption date.
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In March 2017, the FASB issued ASU No. 2017-07, Compensation - Retirement Benefits (Topic 715), Improving the Presentation of Net Periodic Pension Cost and Net Periodic Postretirement Benefit Cost. The new guidance requires registrants to present the service cost component of net periodic benefit cost in the same income statement line item or items as other employee compensation costs arising from services rendered during the period. In addition, only the service cost component will be eligible for capitalization in assets. Registrants will present the other components of net periodic benefit cost separately from the service cost component; and, the line item or items used in the income statement to present the other components of net periodic benefit cost must be disclosed. The new standard must be adopted retrospectively for the presentation of the service cost component and the other components of net periodic benefit cost in the income statement, and prospectively for the capitalization of the service cost component of net periodic benefit cost in assets. The company adopted this guidance on January 1, 2018, and will record the other components of net periodic benefit cost in sundry income (expense) - net. The following tables summarize the reclassification of those costs from cost of goods sold, research and development expense, and selling, general and administrative expenses to sundry income (expense) - net in the interim Consolidated Statements of Operations:

Summary of Changes to the interim Consolidated Statement of Operations | For the Month Ended September 30, 2017 (Successor)
(in millions) | As Reported | Effect of Change | Updated
Cost of goods sold | $ | 1,511 |  | $ | 20 |  | $ | 1,531 |
Research and development expense | $ | 116 |  | $ | 4 |  | $ | 120 |
Selling, general and administrative expenses | $ | 267 |  | $ | 9 |  | $ | 276 |
Sundry income (expense) - net | $ | 88 |  | $ | 33 |  | $ | 121 |

Summary of Changes to the interim Consolidated Statement of Operations | For the Period July 1 - August 31, 2017 (Predecessor)
(in millions) | As Reported | Effect of Change | Updated
Cost of goods sold | $ | 1,975 |  | $ | (38 | ) | $ | 1,937 |
Research and development expense | $ | 278 |  | $ | (11 | ) | $ | 267 |
Selling, general and administrative expenses | $ | 798 |  | $ | (22 | ) | $ | 776 |
Sundry income (expense) - net | $ | (112 | ) | $ | (71 | ) | $ | (183 | )

Summary of Changes to the interim Consolidated Statement of Operations | For the Period January 1 - August 31, 2017 (Predecessor)
(in millions) | As Reported | Effect of Change | Updated
Cost of goods sold | $ | 10,205 |  | $ | (153 | ) | $ | 10,052 |
Research and development expense | $ | 1,064 |  | $ | (42 | ) | $ | 1,022 |
Selling, general and administrative expenses | $ | 3,306 |  | $ | (84 | ) | $ | 3,222 |
Sundry income (expense) - net | $ | 166 |  | $ | (279 | ) | $ | (113 | )

In August 2017, the FASB issued ASU No. 2017-12, Derivatives and Hedging (Topic 815), Targeted Improvements to Accounting for Hedging Activities. The new guidance expands and refines hedge accounting for both nonfinancial and financial risk components and aligns the recognition and presentation of the effects of the hedging instrument and the hedged items in the financial statements. For cash flow and net investment hedges existing as of the date of adoption, an entity should apply a cumulative-effect adjustment related to eliminating the separate measurement of ineffectiveness to accumulated other comprehensive income with a corresponding adjustment to the opening balance of retained earnings as of the beginning of the fiscal year in which an entity adopts. Presentation and disclosure guidance is required to be adopted prospectively. The new standard is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2018 and interim periods within those fiscal years. Early adoption is permitted in any interim period. All transition requirements and elections should be applied to hedging relationships existing (that is, hedging relationships in which the hedging instrument has not expired, been sold, terminated, or exercised or the entity has not removed the designation of the hedging relationship) on the date of adoption. The effect of adoption should be reflected as of the beginning of the fiscal year of adoption. The company early adopted the new guidance in the second quarter of 2018, and adoption did not have a material impact on the interim Consolidated Financial Statements.
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Accounting Guidance Issued But Not Adopted as of September 30, 2018
In February 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-02, Leases (Topic 842). The amendments under the new guidance will require lessees to recognize almost all leases on their balance sheet as a right-of-use asset and a lease liability, other than leases that meet the definition of a short-term lease. For income statement purposes, the FASB retained a dual model, requiring leases to be classified as either operating or finance. Classification will be based on criteria that are largely similar to those applied in current lease accounting. Lessor accounting is similar to the current model, but updated to align with certain changes to the lessee model and the new revenue recognition standard. The new leasing standard will be effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2018, and interim periods within those fiscal years. Early adoption is permitted. The company has a cross-functional team in place to evaluate and implement the new guidance. The team continues to review existing lease arrangements and has engaged a third party to assist with the collection of lease data. The company will elect the optional transition method that allows for a cumulative-effect adjustment in the period of adoption and will not restate prior periods. The impact of applying other practical expedients and accounting policy elections has been evaluated and the company is in the process of documenting the related considerations and decisions. The company is currently implementing a software solution in connection with the adoption of this ASU; however, this system is still being developed to comply with the new ASU. The company continues to enhance accounting systems and update business processes and controls related to the new guidance for leases. Collectively, these activities are expected to facilitate the company's ability to meet the new accounting and disclosure requirements upon adoption in the first quarter of 2019. The company is working to quantify the impact and anticipates that the adoption of the new standard will result in a material increase in lease-related assets and liabilities in the Consolidated Balance Sheets. The impact to the company’s Consolidated Statements of Operations and Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows is not expected to be material. The company is the lessee under various agreements for facilities and equipment that are currently accounted for as operating leases. A complete discussion of these leases is included in the company's 2017 Annual Report in Note 14, "Commitments and Contingent Liabilities."
In August 2018, the FASB issued ASU No. 2018-14, Compensation - Retirement Benefits - Defined Benefit Plans - General (Topic 715-20), Disclosure Framework - Changes to the Disclosure Requirements for Defined Benefit Plans. This amendment modifies the disclosure requirements for employers that sponsor defined benefit pension or other postretirement plans by removing and adding certain disclosures for these plans. The eliminated disclosures include the amounts in accumulated other comprehensive income expected to be recognized in net periodic benefit costs over the next fiscal year and the effects of a one-percentage-point change in assumed health care cost trend rates on the net periodic benefit costs and the benefit obligation for postretirement health care benefits. New disclosures include the interest crediting rates for cash balance plans, and an explanation of significant gains and losses related to changes in benefit obligations. The new standard is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2020, and must be applied retrospectively for all periods presented. Early adoption is permitted. The company is currently evaluating the timing of adoption and the impact this guidance will have on the Consolidated Financial Statements and related disclosures, but does not expect there to be a significant impact.
Note 3 - BUSINESS COMBINATIONS
Merger with Dow
Upon completion of the Merger, (i) each share of common stock, par value $0.30 per share, of the company (the "DuPont Common Stock") was converted into the right to receive 1.2820 fully paid and non-assessable shares of DowDuPont common stock, par value $0.01 per share, ("DowDuPont Common Stock"), in addition to cash in lieu of any fractional shares of DowDuPont Common Stock, and (ii) each share of DuPont Preferred Stock— $4.50 Series and DuPont Preferred Stock— $3.50 Series (collectively "DuPont Preferred Stock") issued and outstanding immediately prior to the Merger Effectiveness Time remains issued and outstanding and was unaffected by the Merger.
As provided in the Merger Agreement, at the Merger Effectiveness Time, all options relating to shares of DuPont Common Stock that were outstanding immediately prior to the effective time of the Merger were generally automatically converted into options relating to shares of DowDuPont Common Stock and all restricted stock units and performance based restricted stock units relating to shares of DuPont Common Stock that were outstanding immediately prior to the effective time of the Mergers were generally automatically converted into restricted stock units relating to shares of DowDuPont Common Stock, in each case, after giving effect to appropriate adjustments to reflect the Mergers and otherwise generally on the same terms and conditions as applied under the applicable plans and award agreements immediately prior to the Merger Effectiveness Time.
Prior to the Merger, shares of DuPont Common Stock were registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended and listed on the New York Stock Exchange (the “NYSE”). As a result of the Merger, on August 31, 2017, the company requested that the NYSE withdraw the shares of DuPont Common Stock from listing on the NYSE and filed a Form 25 with the SEC to report that DuPont Common Stock is no longer listed on the NYSE. DuPont continues to have preferred stock outstanding and it remains listed on the NYSE. DowDuPont Common Stock is listed and trades on the NYSE, ticker symbol DWDP.
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As a condition of the regulatory approval of the Merger, DuPont was required to divest a portion of its crop protection business, including certain research and development capabilities. See Note 4 for additional information.
Allocation of Purchase Price
Based on an evaluation of the provisions of Accounting Standards Codification ("ASC") 805, "Business Combinations" ("ASC 805"), Dow was determined to be the accounting acquirer in the Merger. DowDuPont has applied the acquisition method of accounting with respect to the assets and liabilities of DuPont, which have been measured at fair value as of the date of the Merger. In connection with the Merger and the related accounting determination, DuPont has elected to apply push-down accounting and reflect in its financial statements the fair value of assets and liabilities. Such fair values have been reflected in the Successor periods of the Consolidated Financial Statements.
DuPont's assets and liabilities were measured at estimated fair values as of the Merger Effectiveness Time, primarily using Level 3 inputs. Estimates of fair value represent management's best estimate which require a complex series of judgments about future events and uncertainties. Third-party valuation specialists were engaged to assist in the valuation of these assets and liabilities.
The total fair value of consideration transferred for the Merger was $74,680 million. Total consideration is comprised of the equity value of the DowDuPont shares as of the Merger Effectiveness Time that were issued in exchange for DuPont shares, the cash value for fractional shares, and the portion of DuPont's share awards and share options earned as of the Merger Effectiveness Time.
The following table summarizes the fair value of consideration exchanged as a result of the Merger:

(In millions, except exchange ratio) |
DuPont Common Stock outstanding as of the Merger Effectiveness Time | 868.3 |
DuPont exchange ratio | 1.2820 |
DowDuPont Common Stock issued in exchange for DuPont Common Stock | 1,113.2 |
Fair value of DowDuPont Common Stock issued 1 | $ | 74,195 |
Fair value of DowDuPont equity awards issued in exchange for outstanding DuPont equity awards 2 | 485 |
Total consideration | $ | 74,680 |

1. | Amount was determined based on the price per share of Dow Common Stock of $66.65 on August 31, 2017.

2. | Represents the fair value of replacement awards issued for DuPont's equity awards outstanding immediately before the Merger and attributable to the service periods prior to the Merger. The previous DuPont equity awards were converted into the right to receive 1.2820 shares of DowDuPont Common Stock.

The acquisition method of accounting requires, among other things, that identifiable assets acquired and liabilities assumed be recognized on the balance sheet at their respective fair value as of the acquisition date. In determining the fair value, DowDuPont utilized various forms of the income, cost and market approaches depending on the asset or liability being fair valued. The estimation of fair value required significant judgments related to future net cash flows (including net sales, cost of products sold, selling and marketing costs, and working capital/contributory asset charges), discount rates reflecting the risk inherent in each cash flow stream, competitive trends, market comparables and other factors. Inputs were generally determined by taking into account historical data, supplemented by current and anticipated market conditions, and growth rates.
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The table below presents the final fair value that was allocated to DuPont's assets and liabilities based upon fair values as determined by DowDuPont. The valuation process to determine the fair values is complete. For the nine months ended September 30, 2018, DowDuPont made measurement period adjustments to reflect facts and circumstances in existence as of the Merger Effectiveness Time. These adjustments primarily included a $392 million increase in goodwill, a $257 million decrease in property, plant, and equipment, and a $150 million decrease in indefinite-lived trademarks and trade names and customer-related assets.

| Final fair value
(In millions)
Fair Value of Assets as of the Merger Effectiveness Time |
Cash and cash equivalents | $ | 4,005 |
Marketable securities | 2,849 |
Accounts and notes receivable | 7,834 |
Inventories | 8,805 |
Other current assets | 420 |
Investment in nonconsolidated affiliates | 1,596 |
Assets held for sale - current | 3,732 |
Property, plant and equipment | 11,684 |
Goodwill | 45,497 |
Other intangible assets | 27,071 |
Deferred income tax assets | 279 |
Other assets | 2,066 |
Total Assets | $ | 115,838 |
Fair Value of Liabilities |
Short-term borrowings and capital lease obligations | $ | 5,319 |
Accounts payable | 3,298 |
Income taxes payable | 261 |
Accrued and other current liabilities | 3,517 |
Liabilities held for sale - current | 125 |
Long-term debt | 9,878 |
Deferred income tax liabilities | 8,259 |
Pension and other post employment benefits - noncurrent | 8,056 |
Other noncurrent obligations | 1,967 |
Total Liabilities | $ | 40,680 |
Noncontrolling interests | 239 |
Preferred stock | 239 |
Fair Value of Net Assets (Consideration for the Merger) | $ | 74,680 |

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NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (UNAUDITED)
Integration and Separation Costs
Integration and separation costs have been and are expected to be significant. These costs to date primarily have consisted of financial advisory, information technology, legal, accounting, consulting, and other professional advisory fees associated with the preparation and execution of activities related to the Merger and the Intended Business Separations. These costs are recorded within integration and separation costs in the Successor periods and within selling, general and administrative expenses in the Predecessor periods within the interim Consolidated Statements of Operations.

| Successor | Predecessor
(In millions) | Three Months Ended September 30, 2018 | For the Period September 1 - September 30, 2017 | For the Period July 1 - August 31, 2017
Integration and separation costs | $ | 344 |  | $ | 71 |  |  |
Selling, general and administrative expenses |  |  |  |  | $ | 210 |

| Successor | Predecessor
(In millions) | Nine Months Ended September 30, 2018 | For the Period September 1 - September 30, 2017 | For the Period January 1 - August 31, 2017
Integration and separation costs | $ | 926 |  | $ | 71 |  |  |
Selling, general and administrative expenses |  |  |  |  | $ | 581 |

H&N Business
On November 1, 2017, the company completed the FMC Transactions through the acquisition of the H&N Business and the divestiture of the Divested Ag Business. The acquisition is being integrated into the nutrition and health product line to enhance DuPont’s position as a leading provider of sustainable, bio-based food ingredients and allow for expanded capabilities in the pharma excipients space. The company accounted for the acquisition in accordance with ASC 805, which requires the assets acquired and liabilities assumed to be recognized on the balance sheet at their fair values as of the acquisition date. The preliminary fair value allocated to the assets acquired and liabilities assumed for the H&N Business at November 1, 2017 was $1,970 million. The valuation process is currently in the process of being finalized as the company has reached the end of the measurement period on November 1, 2018. There are no material updates to the preliminary purchase accounting and purchase price allocation. For additional information regarding the acquisition of the H&N Business, see Note 3, "Business Combinations," in the 2017 Annual Report.
NOTE 4 - DIVESTITURES AND OTHER TRANSACTIONS
Merger Remedy - Divested Ag Business
On March 31, 2017, the company and FMC entered into the FMC Transaction Agreement. Under the FMC Transaction Agreement, and effective upon the closing of the transaction on November 1, 2017, FMC acquired the Divested Ag Business that DuPont was required to divest in order to obtain EC approval of the Merger Transaction and DuPont acquired the H&N Business. See further discussion of the FMC Transactions in Note 1. The sale of the Divested Ag Business meets the criteria for discontinued operations and as such, earnings are included within (loss) income from discontinued operations after income taxes for all periods presented.
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NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (UNAUDITED)
For the nine months ended September 30, 2018, the company recorded a loss from discontinued operations before income taxes related to the Divested Ag Business of $10 million ($5 million after tax). The following table summarizes the results of operations of the Divested Ag Business presented as discontinued operations for the successor period September 1 through September 30, 2017 and the predecessor periods July 1 through August 31, 2017 and January 1 through August 31, 2017:

| Successor | Predecessor
(In millions) | For the Period September 1 - September 30, 2017 | For the Period July 1 - August 31, 2017 | For the Period January 1 - August 31, 2017
Net sales | $ | 116 |  | $ | 191 |  | $ | 1,068 |
Cost of goods sold | 110 |  | 79 |  | 412 |
Other operating charges |  |  | 5 |  | 17 |
Research and development expenses | 9 |  | 24 |  | 95 |
Selling, general and administrative expenses | 29 |  | 46 |  | 146 |
Sundry income - net | — |  | — |  | 7 |
(Loss) income from discontinued operations before income taxes | (32 | ) | 37 |  | 405 |
(Benefit from) provision for income taxes | (12 | ) | 8 |  | 79 |
(Loss) income from discontinued operations after income taxes | $ | (20 | ) | $ | 29 |  | $ | 326 |

The following table presents depreciation and capital expenditures of the discontinued operations related to the Divested Ag Business:

| Successor | Predecessor
(In millions) | For the Period September 1 - September 30, 2017 | For the Period July 1 - August 31, 2017 | For the Period January 1 - August 31, 2017
Depreciation | $ | — |  | $ | 5 |  | $ | 21 |
Capital expenditures | $ | 4 |  | $ | — |  | $ | 8 |

Food Safety Diagnostic Sale
In February 2017, the company completed the sale of global food safety diagnostics to Hygiena LLC. The sale resulted in a pre-tax gain of $162 million ($86 million after tax). The gain was recorded in sundry income (expense) - net in the company's interim Consolidated Statement of Operations for the period January 1 through August 31, 2017.
Performance Chemicals
On July 1, 2015, DuPont completed the separation of its Performance Chemicals segment through the spin-off of all of the issued and outstanding stock of The Chemours Company (the "Chemours Separation"). In connection with the Chemours Separation, the company and The Chemours Company ("Chemours") entered into a Separation Agreement (the "Chemours Separation Agreement"). Pursuant to the Chemours Separation Agreement and the amendment to the Chemours Separation Agreement, as discussed below, Chemours indemnifies DuPont against certain litigation, environmental, workers' compensation and other liabilities that arose prior to the distribution. The term of this indemnification is generally indefinite and includes defense costs and expenses, as well as monetary and non-monetary settlements and judgments. In 2017, DuPont and Chemours amended the Chemours Separation Agreement to provide for a limited sharing of potential future perfluorooctanoic acid (“PFOA”) liabilities for a period of five years beginning July 6, 2017. In connection with the recognition of liabilities related to these matters, the company records an indemnification asset when recovery is deemed probable. At September 30, 2018, the indemnification assets are $95 million within accounts and notes receivable - net and $313 million within other assets along with the corresponding liabilities of $95 million within accrued and other current liabilities and $313 million within other noncurrent obligations in the interim Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheet. See Note 14 for further discussion of the amendment to the Chemours Separation Agreement and certain litigation and environmental matters indemnified by Chemours.
Income from discontinued operations after taxes during the period January 1 through August 31, 2017 includes a tax benefit of $10 million associated with an adjustment to the tax benefit recognized in the first quarter of 2017 related to the charge for the PFOA multidistrict litigation settlement. Income from discontinued operations after income taxes for the period January 1 through August 31, 2017 includes a charge of $335 million ($214 million after tax) in connection with the PFOA multi-district litigation settlement. See Note 14 for further discussion.
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NOTE 5 - REVENUE
Revenue Recognition
Products
Substantially all of DuPont's revenue is derived from product sales. Product sales consist of sales of DuPont's products to supply manufacturers, distributors, and farmers. DuPont considers purchase orders, which in some cases are governed by master supply agreements, to be a contract with a customer. Contracts with customers are considered to be short-term when the time between order confirmation and satisfaction of the performance obligations is equal to or less than one year.
Revenue from product sales is recognized when the customer obtains control of the company's product, which occurs at a point in time according to shipping terms. Payment terms for contracts related to product lines other than agriculture generally average 30 to 60 days after invoicing, depending on business and geography. Payment terms for agriculture product line contracts are generally less than one year from invoicing. The company elected the practical expedient and will not adjust the promised amount of consideration for the effects of a significant financing component when DuPont expects it will be one year or less between when a customer obtains control of the company's product and when payment is due. The company has elected to recognize shipping and handling activities when control has transferred to the customer as an expense in cost of goods sold. Taxes collected from customers relating to product sales and remitted to governmental authorities are excluded from revenues. In addition, DuPont elected the practical expedient to expense any costs to obtain contracts as incurred, as the amortization period for these costs would have been one year or less.
The transaction price includes estimates of variable consideration, such as rights of return, rebates, and discounts, that are reductions in revenue. All estimates are based on the company's historical experience, anticipated performance, and the company's best judgment at the time the estimate is made. Estimates of variable consideration included in the transaction price utilize either the expected value method or most likely amount depending on the nature of the variable consideration. These estimates are reassessed each reporting period and are included in the transaction price to the extent it is probable that a significant reversal of cumulative revenue recognized will not occur upon resolution of uncertainty associated with the variable consideration. The majority of contracts have a single performance obligation satisfied at a point in time and the transaction price is stated in the contract, usually as quantity times price per unit. For contracts with multiple performance obligations, DuPont allocates the transaction price to each performance obligation based on the relative standalone selling price. The standalone selling price is the observable price which depicts the price as if sold to a similar customer in similar circumstances.
Licenses of Intellectual Property
DuPont enters into licensing arrangements with customers under which it licenses its intellectual property, such as patents and trademarks. Revenue from the majority of intellectual property licenses is derived from sales-based royalties. The company estimates the expected amount of sales-based royalties based on historical sales by customer. Revenue for licensing agreements that contain sales-based royalties is recognized at the later of (i) when the subsequent sale occurs or (ii) when the performance obligation to which some or all of the royalty has been allocated is satisfied.
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NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (UNAUDITED)
Contract Balances
Contract liabilities primarily reflect deferred revenue from prepayments under agriculture product line contracts with customers where the company receives advance payments for products to be delivered in future periods. DuPont classifies deferred revenue as current or noncurrent based on the timing of when the company expects to recognize revenue. Contract assets primarily include amounts related to contractual rights to consideration for completed performance not yet invoiced within the industrial biosciences product line. Accounts receivable are recorded when the right to consideration becomes unconditional.

Contract Balances | September 30, 2018 | Topic 606 Adjustments January 1, 2018 | December 31, 2017
(In millions)
Accounts and notes receivable - trade 1 | $ | 5,766 |  | $ | 87 |  | $ | 3,976 |
Contract assets - current 2 | $ | 46 |  | $ | 40 |  | $ | — |
Deferred revenue - current 3 | $ | 334 |  | $ | 2 |  | $ | 2,014 |
Deferred revenue - noncurrent 4 | $ | 38 |  | $ | — |  | $ | 48 |

1. | Included in accounts and notes receivable - net in the Consolidated Balance Sheets.

2. | Included in other current assets in the Consolidated Balance Sheets.

3. | Included in accrued and other current liabilities in the Consolidated Balance Sheets.

4. | Included in other noncurrent obligations in the Consolidated Balance Sheets.

The change in deferred revenue from December 31, 2017 to September 30, 2018 was substantially due to the timing of agriculture product line seed deliveries to customers for the North America growing season. Revenue recognized during the nine months ended September 30, 2018 from amounts included in deferred revenue at the beginning of the period was $1,906 million.
Disaggregation of Revenue
Effective with the Merger, DuPont’s business activities are components of DowDuPont’s business operations. DuPont’s business activities, including the assessment of performance and allocation of resources, are reviewed and managed by DowDuPont. Information used by the chief operating decision maker of DuPont relates to the company in its entirety. Accordingly, there are no separate reportable business segments for DuPont under ASC 280 “Segment Reporting” and DuPont's business results are reported in this Form 10-Q as a single operating segment.
The company has one reportable segment with the following principal product lines: agriculture, packaging and specialty plastics, electronics and imaging, nutrition and health, industrial biosciences, transportation and advanced polymers, and safety and construction. The company believes disaggregation of revenue by principal product line best depicts the nature, amount, timing, and uncertainty of its revenue and cash flows. Net sales by principal product line are included below:

(In millions) | Three Months Ended September 30, 2018 | Nine Months Ended September 30, 2018
Agriculture | $ | 994 |  | $ | 7,395 |
Packaging and Specialty Plastics | 389 |  | 1,224 |
Electronics and Imaging | 518 |  | 1,598 |
Nutrition and Health | 1,000 |  | 3,081 |
Industrial Biosciences | 407 |  | 1,242 |
Transportation and Advanced Polymers | 1,111 |  | 3,374 |
Safety and Construction | 873 |  | 2,617 |
Other | 2 |  | 7 |
Total | $ | 5,294 |  | $ | 20,538 |

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NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (UNAUDITED)
Sales are attributed to geographic regions based on customer location. Net sales by geographic region are included below:

(In millions) | Three Months Ended September 30, 2018 | Nine Months Ended September 30, 2018
U.S. & Canada | $ | 1,649 |  | $ | 8,919 |
EMEA 1 | 1,253 |  | 4,983 |
Asia Pacific | 1,617 |  | 4,889 |
Latin America | 775 |  | 1,747 |
Total | $ | 5,294 |  | $ | 20,538 |

1. | Europe, Middle East, and Africa ("EMEA").

NOTE 6 - RESTRUCTURING AND ASSET RELATED CHARGES - NET
DowDuPont Cost Synergy Program
In September and November 2017, DowDuPont and the company approved post-merger restructuring actions under the DowDuPont Cost Synergy Program (the “Synergy Program”), adopted by the DowDuPont Board of Directors. The Synergy Program is designed to integrate and optimize the organization following the Merger and in preparation for the Intended Business Separations. Based on all actions approved to date under the Synergy Program, DuPont expects to record total pre-tax restructuring charges of $460 million to $715 million, comprised of approximately $350 million to $400 million of severance and related benefits costs; $110 million to $140 million of costs related to contract terminations; and up to $175 million of asset related charges.
For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018, the company recorded pre-tax charges of $61 million and $252 million, respectively, recognized in restructuring and asset related charges - net in the company's interim Consolidated Statements of Operations. The charge for the three months ended September 30, 2018 was comprised of severance and related benefit costs of $24 million, contract termination costs of $9 million and asset related charges of $28 million. The charge for the nine months ended September 30, 2018, was comprised of severance and related benefit costs of $176 million, contract termination costs of $42 million and asset related charges of $34 million. The company recorded pre-tax restructuring charges of $40 million for the period September 1 through September 30, 2017 comprised of severance and related benefit costs. The company recorded pre-tax restructuring charges of $439 million to date under the Synergy Program.
Substantially all the remaining restructuring charges are expected to be incurred in 2018 and the related actions, including employee separations, associated with this plan are expected to be substantially complete by the end of 2019.
DuPont account balances and activity for the Synergy Program are summarized below:

(In millions) | Severance and Related Benefit Costs | Contract Termination Charges | Asset Related Charges | Total
Balance at December 31, 2017 | $ | 133 |  | $ | 28 |  | $ | — |  | $ | 161 |
Charges to income from continuing operations for the nine months ended September 30, 2018 | 176 |  | 42 |  | 34 |  | 252 |
Payments | (86 | ) | (31 | ) | — |  | (117 | )
Net translation adjustment | (2 | ) | — |  | — |  | (2 | )
Asset write-offs | — |  | — |  | (34 | ) | (34 | )
Balance at September 30, 2018 | $ | 221 |  | $ | 39 |  | $ | — |  | $ | 260 |

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NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (UNAUDITED)
2017 Restructuring Program
At September 30, 2018, total liabilities related to the program were $7 million. The actions associated with this plan were substantially complete in 2017. A complete discussion of restructuring initiatives is included in the company's 2017 Annual Report in Note 5, "Restructuring and Asset Related Charges - Net."
The company incurred pre-tax charges of $1 million and $313 million for the periods July 1 through August 31, 2017 and January 1 through August 31, 2017, respectively, recognized in restructuring and asset related charges - net in the company's interim Consolidated Statements of Operations. The charge for the period July 1 through August 31, 2017 is severance and related benefit costs. The charge for the period January 1 through August 31, 2017 was comprised of $279 million of asset related charges and $34 million in severance and related benefit costs. The asset related charges mainly consist of accelerated depreciation associated with the closure of the safety and construction product line at the Cooper River manufacturing site located near Charleston, South Carolina.
2016 Global Cost Savings and Restructuring Plan
The company incurred pre-tax charges of $10 million period July 1 through August 31, 2017 and January 1 through August 31, 2017, recognized in restructuring and asset related charges - net in the company's interim Consolidated Statements of Operations. The actions associated with this plan were substantially complete in 2017.
Asset Impairments
During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018, the company recognized an $85 million pre-tax ($66 million after-tax) impairment charge in restructuring and asset related charges - net in the company's interim Consolidated Statements of Operations related to certain in-process research and development (“IPR&D") assets within the agriculture reporting unit. Refer to Note 12 for further information.
In addition, based on updated projections for the company’s investment in nonconsolidated affiliates in China related to the agriculture product line, management determined the fair value of the investment in nonconsolidated affiliates is below the carrying value and has no expectation the fair value will recover due to the continuing unfavorable regulatory environment including lack of intellectual property protection, uncertain product registration timing, and limited freedom to operate. As a result, management concluded the impairment is other than temporary and recorded an impairment charge of $41 million in restructuring and asset related charges - net in the company's interim Consolidated Statements of Operations, none of which is tax-deductible, for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018.
NOTE 7 - RELATED PARTIES
Services Provided by and to Dow and its affiliates
Following the Merger, DuPont reports transactions with Dow and its affiliates as related party transactions. DuPont sells to and procures from Dow and its affiliates certain feedstocks and raw materials that are consumed in each company's manufacturing process, as well as finished goods. DuPont also provides to Dow and its affiliates certain seed production and distribution services. The following table presents amounts due to or due from Dow and its affiliates at September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017:

(In millions) | September 30, 2018 | December 31, 2017
Accounts and notes receivable - net | $ | 91 |  | $ | 12 |
Accounts payable | $ | 117 |  | $ | 26 |

The table below presents revenue earned and expenses incurred in transactions with Dow and its affiliates following the Merger:

(In millions) | Three Months Ended September 30, 2018 | Nine Months Ended September 30, 2018
Net sales | $ | 73 |  | $ | 151 |
Cost of goods sold | $ | 63 |  | $ | 126 |

For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018, purchases from Dow and its affiliates were $73 million and $180 million, respectively. DuPont also received transfers of certain feedstocks and energy from Dow and its affiliates at cost which totaled $93 million and $259 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018, respectively.
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NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (UNAUDITED)
Transactions with DowDuPont
DowDuPont relies on distributions and other intercompany transfers from DuPont and Dow to fund payment of its costs and expenses. In November 2017, DowDuPont's Board of Directors authorized an initial $4,000 million share repurchase program to buy back shares of DowDuPont common stock. The $4,000 million share repurchase program was completed in the third quarter of 2018. In February, May and August 2018, the Board declared first, second and third quarter dividends per share of DowDuPont common stock payable on March 15, 2018, June 15, 2018 and September 15, 2018, respectively. For the nine months ended September 30, 2018, DuPont declared and paid distributions to DowDuPont of about $2,481 million, primarily to fund a portion of DowDuPont's first, second and third quarter share repurchases and dividend payments.
In addition, at September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, DuPont had a payable to DowDuPont of $250 million and $354 million, respectively, included in accounts payable in the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets related to its estimated 2017 and 2018 tax liability. See Note 9 for additional information.
NOTE 8 - SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION

Sundry Income (Expense) - Net | Successor | Predecessor
(In millions) | Three Months Ended September 30, 2018 | For the Period September 1 - September 30, 2017 | For the Period July 1 - August 31, 2017
Royalty income 1 |  |  |  |  | $ | 11 |
Interest income | 13 |  | 12 |  | 26 |
Equity in earnings (losses) of affiliates - net | 13 |  | (4 | ) | 13 |
Net (loss) gain on sales of businesses and other assets | (2 | ) | 1 |  | 2 |
Net exchange (losses) gains | (77 | ) | 77 |  | (195 | )
Non-operating pension and other post employment benefit credit (cost)2 | 91 |  | 34 |  | (70 | )
Miscellaneous income and expenses - net 3 | 14 |  | 1 |  | 30 |
Sundry income (expense) - net | $ | 52 |  | $ | 121 |  | $ | (183 | )

Sundry Income (Expense) - Net | Successor | Predecessor
(In millions) | Nine Months Ended September 30, 2018 | For the Period September 1 - September 30, 2017 | For the Period January 1 - August 31, 2017
Royalty income 1 |  |  |  |  | $ | 84 |
Interest income | 71 |  | 12 |  | 83 |
Equity in earnings (losses) of affiliates - net | 46 |  | (4 | ) | 55 |
Net gain on sales of businesses and other assets 4 | 11 |  | 1 |  | 205 |
Net exchange (losses) gains | (186 | ) | 77 |  | (394 | )
Non-operating pension and other post employment benefit credit (cost)2 | 278 |  | 34 |  | (278 | )
Miscellaneous income and expenses - net 3 | 73 |  | 1 |  | 132 |
Sundry income (expense) - net | $ | 293 |  | $ | 121 |  | $ | (113 | )

1. | In the Successor periods, royalty income of $26 million, $111 million, and $9 million is included in net sales for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018 and for the period September 1 through September 30, 2017, respectively.

2. | Includes non-service related components of net periodic benefit credits (costs) (interest cost, expected return on plan assets, amortization of unrecognized (gain) loss, amortization of prior service benefit and curtailment/settlement gain). See Note 2 for discussion of the retrospective adoption of ASU No. 2017-07.

3. | Miscellaneous income and expenses - net, includes interest accrued related to unrecognized tax benefits (Predecessor periods only), gains related to litigation settlements, and other items.

4. | Includes a pre-tax gain of $162 million ($86 million after tax) for the for the period January 1 through August 31, 2017 related to the sale of global food safety diagnostics. See Note 4 for additional information.

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NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (UNAUDITED)
The following table summarizes the impacts of the company's foreign currency hedging program on the company's results of operations. The company routinely uses foreign currency exchange contracts to offset its net exposures, by currency, related to the foreign currency-denominated monetary assets and liabilities. The objective of this program is to maintain an approximately balanced position in foreign currencies in order to minimize, on an after-tax basis, the effects of exchange rate changes on net monetary asset positions. The hedging program gains (losses) are largely taxable (tax deductible) in the United States ("U.S."), whereas the offsetting exchange gains (losses) on the remeasurement of the net monetary asset positions are often not taxable (tax deductible) in their local jurisdictions. The net pre-tax exchange gains (losses) are recorded in sundry income (expense) - net and the related tax impact is recorded in provision for income taxes on continuing operations in the interim Consolidated Statements of Operations.

| Successor | Predecessor
(In millions) | Three Months Ended September 30, 2018 | For the Period September 1 - September 30, 2017 | For the Period July 1 - August 31, 2017
Subsidiary Monetary Position (Losses) Gains |  |  |
Pre-tax exchange (losses) gains 1 | $ | (108 | ) | $ | (35 | ) | $ | 65 |
Local tax benefits (expenses) | 33 |  | (31 | ) | 88 |
Net after-tax impact from subsidiary exchange (losses) gains | $ | (75 | ) | $ | (66 | ) | $ | 153 |
Hedging Program Gains (Losses) |  |  |
Pre-tax exchange gains (losses) | $ | 31 |  | $ | 112 |  | $ | (260 | )
Tax (expenses) benefits | (7 | ) | (40 | ) | 94 |
Net after-tax impact from hedging program exchange gains (losses) | $ | 24 |  | $ | 72 |  | $ | (166 | )
Total Exchange (Losses) Gains |  |  |
Pre-tax exchange (losses) gains | $ | (77 | ) | $ | 77 |  | $ | (195 | )
Tax benefits (expenses) | 26 |  | (71 | ) | 182 |
Net after-tax exchange (losses) gains | $ | (51 | ) | $ | 6 |  | $ | (13 | )

| Successor | Predecessor
(In millions) | Nine Months Ended September 30, 2018 | For the Period September 1 - September 30, 2017 | For the Period January 1 - August 31, 2017
Subsidiary Monetary Position (Losses) Gains |  |  |
Pre-tax exchange (losses) gains 1 | $ | (213 | ) | $ | (35 | ) | $ | 37 |
Local tax benefits (expenses) | 57 |  | (31 | ) | 217 |
Net after-tax impact from subsidiary exchange (losses) gains | $ | (156 | ) | $ | (66 | ) | $ | 254 |
Hedging Program Gains (Losses) |  |  |
Pre-tax exchange gains (losses)2 | $ | 27 |  | $ | 112 |  | $ | (431 | )
Tax (expenses) benefits | (6 | ) | (40 | ) | 155 |
Net after-tax impact from hedging program exchange gains (losses) | $ | 21 |  | $ | 72 |  | $ | (276 | )
Total Exchange (Losses) Gains |  |  |
Pre-tax exchange (losses) gains | $ | (186 | ) | $ | 77 |  | $ | (394 | )
Tax benefits (expenses) | 51 |  | (71 | ) | 372 |
Net after-tax exchange (losses) gains | $ | (135 | ) | $ | 6 |  | $ | (22 | )

1. | Includes a net $44 million and $80 million pre-tax exchange loss associated with the devaluation of the Argentine peso for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018, respectively.

2. | Includes a $50 million foreign exchange loss for the nine months ended September 30, 2018 related to adjustments to foreign currency exchange contracts as a result of U.S. tax reform.

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NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (UNAUDITED)
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash
The following table provides a reconciliation of cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash (included in other current assets) presented in the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets to the total cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash presented in the interim Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows.

(In millions) | September 30, 2018 | December 31, 2017
Cash and cash equivalents | $ | 3,536 |  | $ | 7,250 |
Restricted cash | 506 |  | 558 |
Total cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash | $ | 4,042 |  | $ | 7,808 |

DuPont entered into a trust agreement in 2013 (as amended and restated in 2017), establishing and requiring DuPont to fund a trust (the "Trust") for cash obligations under certain non-qualified benefit and deferred compensation plans upon a change in control event as defined in the Trust agreement. Under the Trust agreement, the consummation of the Merger was a change in control event. Restricted cash at September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017 is related to the Trust.
Accounts and Notes Receivable - Net
Accounts and notes receivable - net was $7,079 million at September 30, 2018 and $5,239 million at December 31, 2017. Notes receivable, which is a component of accounts and notes receivable - net, was $1,625 million at September 30, 2018 and $199 million at December 31, 2017. The increase was primarily due to normal seasonality in the sales and cash collections cycle in the agriculture product line.
NOTE 9 - INCOME TAXES
On December 22, 2017, the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act (“The Act”) was enacted. The Act reduces the U.S. federal corporate income tax rate from 35 percent to 21 percent, requires companies to pay a one-time transition tax (“transition tax”) on earnings of foreign subsidiaries that were previously tax deferred, creates new provisions related to foreign sourced earnings, eliminates the domestic manufacturing deduction and moves towards a territorial system. At September 30, 2018, the company had not completed its accounting for the tax effects of The Act; however, as described below, the company has made reasonable estimates of the effects on its existing deferred tax balances and the one-time transition tax. In accordance with Staff Accounting Bulletin 118 ("SAB 118"), during the measurement period, income tax effects of The Act may be refined upon obtaining, preparing, or analyzing additional information, and such changes could be material. During the measurement period, provisional amounts may also be adjusted for the effects, if any, of interpretive guidance issued by U.S. regulatory and standard-setting bodies.

• | As a result of The Act, the company remeasured its U.S. federal deferred tax assets and liabilities based on the rates at which they are expected to reverse in the future, which is generally 21 percent. However, the company is still analyzing certain aspects of The Act and refining its calculations. In the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018, benefits of $99 million and $44 million, respectively, were recorded to provision for income taxes on continuing operations in the company's interim Consolidated Statements of Operations to adjust the provisional amount related to the remeasurement of the company's deferred tax balance, resulting in a benefit of $2,760 million since the enactment of The Act. Of the $99 million benefit booked in the three months ended September 30, 2018, $114 million relates to the company's discretionary pension contribution in 2018, which was deducted on a 2017 tax return.

• | The Act requires a mandatory deemed repatriation of post-1986 undistributed foreign earnings and profits (“E&P”), which results in a one-time transition tax. The company has not yet completed its calculation of the total post-1986 foreign E&P for its foreign subsidiaries as E&P will not be finalized until the Federal income tax return is filed. The company has not recorded a change to the $715 million provisional charge recorded during the fourth quarter 2017 with respect to the one-time transition tax.

• | In the nine months ended September 30, 2018, the company recognized a charge of $16 million to provision for income taxes on continuing operations in the company's interim Consolidated Statements of Operations as a result of an indirect impact of the Act related to certain inventory.

• | For tax years beginning after December 31, 2017, The Act introduces new provisions for U.S. taxation of certain global intangible low-taxed income ("GILTI"). The company is evaluating the policy election on whether the additional liability will be recorded in the period in which it is incurred or recognized for the basis differences that would be expected to reverse in future years.

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NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (UNAUDITED)
DuPont and its subsidiaries are included in DowDuPont's consolidated federal income tax group and consolidated tax return. Generally, the consolidated tax liability of the DowDuPont U.S. tax group for each year will be apportioned among the members of the consolidated group based on each member’s separate taxable income. DuPont and Dow intend that to the extent Federal and/or State corporate income tax liabilities are reduced through the utilization of tax attributes of the other, settlement of any receivable and payable generated from the use of the other party’s sub-group attributes will be in accordance with a tax sharing agreement and/or tax matters agreement.
Each year the company files hundreds of tax returns in the various national, state and local income taxing jurisdictions in which it operates. These tax returns are subject to examination and possible challenge by the tax authorities. Positions challenged by the tax authorities may be settled or appealed by the company. As a result, there is an uncertainty in income taxes recognized in the company's financial statements in accordance with accounting for income taxes and accounting for uncertainty in income taxes. The ultimate resolution of such uncertainties is not expected to have a material impact on the company's results of operations.
During the three months ended September 30, 2018, it was determined that a full valuation allowance against the net deferred tax asset position of a legal entity in Brazil was required. This determination was based on a change in judgment about the realizability of the deferred tax asset due to revised cash flow projections reflecting declines in the forecasted sales and profitability of the agriculture reporting unit in Latin America. The revised cash flow projections quantify the impacts of market conditions, events and circumstances that have developed throughout 2018. See Note 12 for additional information. As a result, the company recognized tax expense of $75 million in the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018.
During 2018, the company has and expects to continue repatriating certain funds from its foreign subsidiaries that are not needed to finance local operations or separation activities. During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018, the company has recorded tax expense of $61 million associated with these repatriation activities.
During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018, the company recognized tax expense of $27 million associated with the reduction of a tax benefit recorded in 2017 due to taxable income limitations triggered by the company's decision to deduct the third quarter 2018 principal U.S. pension plan contribution on its 2017 consolidated U.S. tax return.
During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018, the company recognized tax expense of $26 million related to an internal entity restructuring associated with the Intended Business Separations.
During the period July 1 through August 31, 2017, the company recognized tax expense of $29 million associated with the elimination of a tax benefit recorded in 2016 due to taxable income limitations triggered by the company's decision to deduct the second quarter 2017 principal U.S. pension plan contribution on its 2016 consolidated U.S. tax return.
Additionally, during the period January 1 through August 31, 2017, the company recognized a tax benefit of $57 million, as well as a $50 million pre-tax benefit on associated accrued interest reversals, related to a reduction in the company's unrecognized tax benefits due to the closure of various tax statutes of limitations. Income from continuing operations during the period January 1 through August 31, 2017 includes a tax benefit of $53 million and a pre-tax benefit of $47 million for accrued interest reversals (recorded in sundry income (expense) - net). Income from discontinued operations during the period January 1 through August 31, 2017 includes a tax benefit of $4 million and a pre-tax benefit of $3 million for the accrued interest reversal.
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NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (UNAUDITED)
NOTE 10 - EARNINGS PER SHARE OF COMMON STOCK
Upon completion of the Merger, each share of DuPont Common Stock was converted into the right to receive 1.2820 fully paid and non-assessable shares of DowDuPont Common Stock, in addition to cash in lieu of any fractional shares of DowDuPont Common Stock issued and therefore earnings per share of common stock information is not presented for the Successor periods.
Set forth below is a reconciliation of the numerator and denominator for basic and diluted earnings per share calculations for the Predecessor periods indicated below:

(In millions, except share amounts) | For the Period July 1 - August 31, 2017 | For the Period January 1 - August 31, 2017
Numerator: |  |
(Loss) income from continuing operations after income taxes attributable to DuPont | $ | (263 | ) | $ | 1,624 |
Preferred dividends | (2 | ) | (7 | )
(Loss) income from continuing operations after income taxes available to DuPont common stockholders | (265 | ) | 1,617 |
Income from discontinued operations after income taxes available to DuPont common stockholders | 29 |  | 117 |
Net (loss) income available to common stockholders | $ | (236 | ) | $ | 1,734 |
Denominator: |  |
Weighted-average number of common shares outstanding - Basic | 868,992,000 |  | 867,888,000 |
Dilutive effect of the company’s employee compensation plans 1 | — |  | 4,532,000 |
Weighted-average number of common shares outstanding - Diluted 1 | 868,992,000 |  | 872,420,000 |

1. | Diluted earnings per share considers the impact of potentially dilutive securities except in periods in which there is a loss because the inclusion of the potential common shares would have an anti-dilutive effect.

The following average number of stock options were antidilutive, and therefore not included in the dilutive earnings per share calculations:

| For the Period July 1 - August 31, 2017 | For the Period January 1 - August 31, 2017
Average number of stock options | 4,832,000 |  | 1,906 |

NOTE 11 - INVENTORIES

(In millions) | September 30, 2018 | December 31, 2017
Finished products | $ | 3,681 |  | $ | 4,500 |
Semi-finished products | 1,810 |  | 2,769 |
Raw materials | 508 |  | 371 |
Stores and supplies | 338 |  | 447 |
Total | $ | 6,337 |  | $ | 8,087 |
Adjustment of inventories to a last-in, first out ("LIFO") basis | 515 |  | 546 |
Total inventories | $ | 6,852 |  | $ | 8,633 |

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NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (UNAUDITED)
NOTE 12 - GOODWILL AND OTHER INTANGIBLE ASSETS
Goodwill
The following table summarizes changes in the carrying amount of goodwill for the nine months ended September 30, 2018:

(In millions) |
Balance as of December 31, 2017 | $ | 45,589 |
Currency translation adjustment | (488 | )
Impairment loss | (4,503 | )
Measurement period adjustments - Merger | 392 |
Measurement period adjustments - H&N Business | (2 | )
Balance as of September 30, 2018 | $ | 40,988 |

The company tests goodwill and intangible assets for impairment annually during the fourth quarter or more frequently when events or changes in circumstances indicate that the fair value is below its carrying value. As mentioned in Note 1, in connection with the Merger, the company’s assets and liabilities were measured at fair value as of the date of the Merger. As the carrying value and the fair value of all reporting units and assets were equal at this date, this resulted in little, if any, margin of fair value in excess of carrying value. As a result, the company’s reporting units became susceptible to impairment for any decline in fair value.
In connection with the Merger, the company adopted the policy of DowDuPont and performs its annual goodwill impairment test in the fourth quarter. In the fourth quarter 2017, a qualitative assessment was performed on all reporting units that carry goodwill. Based on the qualitative assessment, management concluded it was not more likely than not that the carrying value of the reporting unit exceeds the fair value of the reporting unit, and therefore no impairment was recorded.
During the three months ended September 30, 2018, and in connection with strategic business reviews, the company assembled updated cash flow projections. The revised cash flow projections of the agriculture reporting unit assessed and quantified the impacts of developing market conditions, events and circumstances that have evolved throughout 2018, resulting in a reduction in the forecasts of sales and profitability as compared to prior forecasts. The reduction in cash flow projections was principally driven by lower growth in sales and margins in North America and Latin America and unfavorable currency impacts related to the Brazilian real. The lower growth expectation is driven by reduced planted area, an expected unfavorable shift to soybeans from corn in Latin America, and delays in expected product registrations. In addition, decreases in commodity prices and higher than anticipated industry grain inventories are expected to impact farmers’ income and buying choices resulting in shifts to lower technologies and pricing pressure. The company considered the combination of these factors and the resulting reduction in its forecasted projections for the agriculture reporting unit and determined it was more likely than not that the fair value of the agriculture reporting unit was less than the carrying value, thus requiring the performance of an updated goodwill and intangible asset impairment analysis for the agriculture reporting unit as of September 30, 2018.
The company performed an interim impairment analysis for the agriculture reporting unit using a discounted cash flow model (a form of the income approach), utilizing Level 3 unobservable inputs. The company’s significant estimates in this analysis include, but are not limited to, future cash flow projections, Merger-related cost and growth synergies, the weighted average cost of capital, the terminal growth rate, and the tax rate. The company believes the current assumptions and estimates utilized are both reasonable and appropriate. The key assumption driving the change in fair value was the lower financial projections discussed above. Future cash flow estimates are, by their nature, subjective and actual results may differ materially from the company’s estimates. If the company’s ongoing estimates of future cash flows are not met, the company may have to record additional impairment charges in future periods. The company’s estimates of future cash flows are based on current regulatory and economic climates, recent operating results, and planned business strategy. These estimates could be negatively affected by changes in federal, state, or local regulations or economic downturns. Based on the analysis performed, the company determined that the carrying amount of the agriculture reporting unit exceeded its fair value resulting in a pre-tax, non-cash goodwill impairment charge of $4,503 million, reflected in goodwill impairment charge in the company’s interim Consolidated Statements of Operations for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018. None of the charge was tax-deductible.
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NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (UNAUDITED)
In reviewing the indefinite-lived intangible assets, the company also determined that the fair value of certain IPR&D assets had declined as a result of delays in timing of commercialization and increases to expected R&D costs. The company performed an analysis of the fair value using the relief from royalty method (a form of the income approach) using Level 3 inputs within the fair value hierarchy, as described in the company’s 2017 Annual Report in Note 1, “Summary of Significant Accounting Policies.” The key assumptions used in the calculation included projected revenue, royalty rates and discount rates. These key assumptions involve management judgment and estimates relating to future operating performance and economic conditions that may differ from actual cash flows. As a result, the company recorded a pre-tax, non-cash intangible asset impairment charge of $85 million ($66 million after tax), which is reflected in restructuring and asset related charges - net, in the company's interim Consolidated Statements of Operations for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018.
There were no other indicators for the company’s other reporting units that would suggest that it is more likely than not that the fair value is less than its carrying value at September 30, 2018. Due to the carrying value and fair value of these reporting units being equal at the date of the Merger resulting in little, if any, margin of fair value in excess of carrying value, the company believes these reporting units are at risk to have impairment charges in future periods. The company will perform its annual goodwill and intangible asset impairment test in the fourth quarter, which may result in additional impairments.
Other Intangible Assets
The gross carrying amounts and accumulated amortization of other intangible assets by major class are as follows:

(In millions) | September 30, 2018 | December 31, 2017
| Gross | Accumulated Amortization | Net | Gross | Accumulated Amortization | Net
Intangible assets subject to amortization (Definite-lived): |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Customer-related | $ | 9,385 |  | $ | (607 | ) | $ | 8,778 |  | $ | 9,502 |  | $ | (186 | ) | $ | 9,316 |
Developed technology | 4,503 |  | (502 | ) | 4,001 |  | 4,364 |  | (144 | ) | 4,220 |
Trademarks/trade names | 1,087 |  | (92 | ) | 995 |  | 1,117 |  | (26 | ) | 1,091 |
Favorable supply contracts | 475 |  | (88 | ) | 387 |  | 495 |  | (17 | ) | 478 |
Microbial cell factories | 394 |  | (19 | ) | 375 |  | 397 |  | (6 | ) | 391 |
Other 1 | 376 |  | (26 | ) | 350 |  | 459 |  | (10 | ) | 449 |
Total other intangible assets with finite lives | 16,220 |  | (1,334 | ) | 14,886 |  | 16,334 |  | (389 | ) | 15,945 |
Intangible assets not subject to amortization (Indefinite-lived): |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
IPR&D 2 | 545 |  | — |  | 545 |  | 660 |  | — |  | 660 |
Germplasm 3 | 6,265 |  | — |  | 6,265 |  | 6,265 |  | — |  | 6,265 |
Trademarks / trade names | 4,758 |  | — |  | 4,758 |  | 4,856 |  | — |  | 4,856 |
Total other intangible assets | 11,568 |  | — |  | 11,568 |  | 11,781 |  | — |  | 11,781 |
Total | $ | 27,788 |  | $ | (1,334 | ) | $ | 26,454 |  | $ | 28,115 |  | $ | (389 | ) | $ | 27,726 |

1. | Primarily consists of sales and farmer networks, marketing and manufacturing alliances and noncompetition agreements.

2. | Refer to discussion of interim impairment analysis completed above.

3. | Germplasm is the pool of genetic source material and body of knowledge gained from the development and delivery stage of plant breeding. This intangible asset is expected to contribute to cash flows beyond the foreseeable future and there are no legal, regulatory, contractual, or other factors which limit its useful life.

The aggregate pre-tax amortization expense from continuing operations for definite-lived intangible assets was $307 million and $955 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018, respectively, and $89 million, $31 million, and $139 million for the period September 1 through September 30, 2017, the period July 1 through August 31, 2017, and the period January 1 through August 31, 2017, respectively. The estimated aggregate pre-tax amortization expense from continuing operations for the remainder of 2018 and each of the next five years is approximately $311 million, $1,254 million, $1,244 million, $1,228 million, $1,221 million and $1,207 million, respectively.
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NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (UNAUDITED)
NOTE 13 - SHORT-TERM BORROWINGS, LONG-TERM DEBT AND AVAILABLE CREDIT FACILITIES
Repurchase Facility
In February 2018, the company entered into a new committed receivable repurchase facility of up to $1,300 million (the "2018 Repurchase Facility") which expires in December 2018. From time to time, the company and the banks modify the monthly commitment amounts to better align with working capital requirements. Under the 2018 Repurchase Facility, DuPont may sell a portfolio of available and eligible outstanding agriculture product line customer notes receivables to participating institutions and simultaneously agree to repurchase at a future date. The 2018 Repurchase Facility is considered a secured borrowing with the customer notes receivable inclusive of those that are sold and repurchased, equal to 105 percent of the outstanding amounts borrowed utilized as collateral. Borrowings under the 2018 Repurchase Facility have an interest rate of LIBOR + 0.75 percent.
As of September 30, 2018, $1,366 million of notes receivable, recorded in accounts and notes receivable - net, were pledged as collateral against outstanding borrowings under the 2018 Repurchase Facility of $1,300 million, recorded in short-term borrowings and capital lease obligations on the interim Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheet.
Term Loan and Revolving Credit Facilities
In March 2016, the company entered into a credit agreement that provides for a three-year, senior unsecured term loan facility in the aggregate principal amount of $4,500 million (as may be amended, from time to time, the "Term Loan Facility") under which DuPont may make up to seven term loan borrowings and amounts repaid or prepaid are not available for subsequent borrowings. The proceeds from the borrowings under the Term Loan Facility will be used for the company's general corporate purposes including debt repayment, working capital and funding a portion of DowDuPont's costs and expenses. The Term Loan Facility was amended in 2018 to extend the maturity date to June 2020, at which time all outstanding borrowings, including accrued but unpaid interest, become immediately due and payable, and to extend the date on which the commitment to lend terminates to June 2019. At September 30, 2018, the company had made four term loan borrowings in an aggregate principal amount of $2,000 million and had unused commitments of $2,500 million under the Term Loan Facility.
In 2018, the company also amended its $3,000 million revolving credit facility to extend the maturity date to June 2020.
NOTE 14 - COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENT LIABILITIES
Guarantees
Indemnifications
In connection with acquisitions and divestitures as of September 30, 2018, the company has indemnified respective parties against certain liabilities that may arise in connection with these transactions and business activities prior to the completion of the transactions. The term of these indemnifications, which typically pertain to environmental, tax and product liabilities, is generally indefinite. In addition, the company indemnifies its duly elected or appointed directors and officers to the fullest extent permitted by Delaware law, against liabilities incurred as a result of their activities for the company, such as adverse judgments relating to litigation matters. If the indemnified party were to incur a liability or have a liability increase as a result of a successful claim, pursuant to the terms of the indemnification, the company would be required to reimburse the indemnified party. The maximum amount of potential future payments is generally unlimited.
Obligations for Equity Affiliates & Others
The company has directly guaranteed various debt obligations under agreements with third parties related to equity affiliates, and customers. At September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, the company had directly guaranteed $282 million and $297 million, respectively, of such obligations. These amounts represent the maximum potential amount of future (undiscounted) payments that the company could be required to make under the guarantees. The company would be required to perform on these guarantees in the event of default by the guaranteed party.
The company assesses the payment/performance risk by assigning default rates based on the duration of the guarantees. These default rates are assigned based on the external credit rating of the counterparty or through internal credit analysis and historical default history for counterparties that do not have published credit ratings. For counterparties without an external rating or available credit history, a cumulative average default rate is used.
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NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (UNAUDITED)
In certain cases, the company has recourse to assets held as collateral, as well as personal guarantees from customers. Assuming liquidation, these assets are estimated to cover approximately 22 percent of the $75 million of guaranteed obligations of customers. Set forth below are the company's guaranteed obligations at September 30, 2018.
The following tables provide a summary of the final expiration year and maximum future payments for each type of guarantee:

Guarantees at September 30, 2018 | Final Expiration Year | Maximum Future Payments
(In millions)
Obligations for customers 1: |  |
Bank borrowings | 2022 | $ | 75 |
Obligations for non-consolidated affiliates 2: |  |  |
Bank borrowings | 2018 | 166 |
Residual value guarantees 3 | 2029 | 41 |
Total guarantees |  | $ | 282 |

1. | Existing guarantees for select customers, as part of contractual agreements. The terms of the guarantees are equivalent to the terms of the customer loans that are primarily made to finance customer invoices. Of the total maximum future payments, $72 million had terms less than a year.

2. | Existing guarantees for non-consolidated affiliates' liquidity needs in normal operations.

3. | The company provides guarantees related to leased assets specifying the residual value that will be available to the lessor at lease termination through sale of the assets to the lessee or third parties.

Litigation
The company is subject to various legal proceedings arising out of the normal course of its current and former business operations, including product liability, intellectual property, commercial, environmental and antitrust lawsuits. It is not possible to predict the outcome of these various proceedings. Although considerable uncertainty exists, management does not anticipate that the ultimate disposition of these matters will have a material adverse effect on the company's results of operations, consolidated financial position or liquidity. However, the ultimate liabilities could be material to results of operations in the period recognized.
PFOA Matters
DuPont used PFOA (collectively, perfluorooctanoic acids and its salts, including the ammonium salt), as a processing aid to manufacture some fluoropolymer resins at various sites around the world including its Washington Works' plant in West Virginia. Pursuant to the Chemours Separation Agreement discussed in Note 4, the company is indemnified by Chemours for the PFOA matters discussed below and has recorded a total indemnification asset of $20 million.
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (“EPA") and New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection (“NJDEP”)
DuPont is obligated under agreements with the EPA, including a 2009 consent decree to which Chemours was added in 2017, and has made voluntary commitments to the NJDEP. These obligations and voluntary commitments include surveying, sampling and testing drinking water in and around certain company sites and offering treatment or an alternative supply of drinking water if tests indicate the presence of PFOA in drinking water at or greater than the national health advisory level established from time to time by the EPA. At September 30, 2018, the company had an accrual of $20 million related to these obligations and voluntary commitments. The company recorded an indemnification asset corresponding to the accrual balance at September 30, 2018.
Leach v. DuPont
In August 2001, a class action, captioned Leach v. DuPont, was filed in West Virginia state court alleging that residents living near the Washington Works facility had suffered, or may suffer, deleterious health effects from exposure to PFOA in drinking water. A settlement was reached in 2004 that binds approximately 80,000 residents, (the "Leach Settlement"). In addition to paying $23 million to plaintiff’s attorneys for fees and expenses and $70 million to fund a community health project, the company is obligated to fund up to $235 million for a medical monitoring program for eligible class members and to pay administrative costs and fees associated with the program. Since the establishment in 2012 of an escrow account to fund medical monitoring as required by the settlement agreement, approximately $2 million has been contributed to the account and approximately $1 million has been disbursed from the account. The company also must continue to provide water treatment designed to reduce the level of PFOA in water to six area water districts, including the Little Hocking Water Association, and private well users. While it is probable that the company will incur liabilities related to funding the medical monitoring program and providing water treatment, the company does not expect any such liabilities to be material.
Under the Leach Settlement, the company funded a series of health studies which were completed in October 2012 by an independent science panel of experts (the "C8 Science Panel"). The C8 Science Panel found probable links, as defined in the Leach Settlement, between exposure to PFOA and pregnancy-induced hypertension, including preeclampsia; kidney cancer; testicular cancer; thyroid disease; ulcerative colitis; and diagnosed high cholesterol.
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Leach class members may pursue personal injury claims against DuPont only for the six human diseases for which the C8 Science Panel determined a probable link exists. Following the Leach Settlement, approximately 3,550 lawsuits alleging personal injury claims were filed in various federal and state courts in Ohio and West Virginia. These lawsuits were consolidated in multi-district litigation ("MDL") in the U.S. District Court for the Southern District of Ohio ("S.D. Ohio").
MDL Settlement
In the first quarter of 2017, the MDL was settled for $670.7 million in cash (the "MDL Settlement"), half of which was paid by Chemours and half paid by DuPont. The portion paid by DuPont was recorded, for the period January 1 through August 31, 2017, within loss from discontinued operations after income taxes in the interim Consolidated Statements of Operations. In 2017, all payments under the settlement agreement were made by both companies. DuPont’s payment was not subject to indemnification or reimbursement by Chemours. In exchange for that payment, DuPont and Chemours are receiving releases of all claims by the settling plaintiffs. The MDL Settlement was entered into solely by way of compromise and settlement and is not in any way an admission of liability or fault by DuPont or Chemours. All of the MDL plaintiffs participated and resolved their claims within the MDL Settlement.
Post MDL Settlement PFOA Personal Injury Claims
The MDL Settlement did not resolve claims of plaintiffs who did not have claims in the MDL or whose claims are based on diseases first diagnosed after February 11, 2017. At September 30, 2018, about 35 lawsuits alleging personal injury, including kidney and testicular cancer, from exposure to PFOA in drinking water had been filed against the company in West Virginia and Ohio. Nearly all these cases are pending in the existing MDL in S.D. Ohio. The court has ordered the parties to identify 4 cases each and prepare them for trial to begin in October 2019. A case that has not been transferred to the MDL is scheduled for trial in state court in Wood County, WV in April 2019.
In addition, three lawsuits are pending in federal court in New York on behalf of five individuals who are residents of Hoosick Falls, New York. The plaintiffs claim personal injuries, including kidney cancer, thyroid disease and ulcerative colitis, from alleged exposure to PFOA discharged into the air and water from nearby manufacturing facilities owned and operated by defendant third parties. Plaintiffs claim that PFOA used at the facilities was purchased from or manufactured by the company and co-defendant, 3M Company.
Water Utility and Related Actions
Actions filed by local water utilities pending in Alabama state and New Jersey federal court allege contamination from PFOA, and in the case of the Alabama action, perfluorinated chemicals and compounds, including PFOA, (“PFCs”) used in co-defendant manufacturers’ operations. In February 2018, the State of Ohio filed an action in Ohio state court alleging natural resource damages from historical PFOA emissions from the Washington Works site. The plaintiffs in these actions seek monetary damages, remediation and other costs/damages.
While it is reasonably possible that the company could incur liabilities related to the post MDL Settlement PFOA personal injury claims and the water utility and related actions described above, any such liabilities are not expected to be material. Chemours is defending and indemnifying the company in these matters in accordance with the amendment to the Chemours Separation Agreement discussed below.
Amendment to Chemours Separation Agreement
Concurrent with the MDL Settlement, DuPont and Chemours amended the Chemours Separation Agreement to provide for a limited sharing of potential future PFOA liabilities (i.e., indemnifiable losses, as defined in the Chemours Separation Agreement) for a period of five years beginning July 6, 2017. During that five-year period, Chemours will annually pay future PFOA liabilities up to $25 million and, if such amount is exceeded, DuPont would pay any excess amount up to the next $25 million (which payment will not be subject to indemnification by Chemours), with Chemours annually bearing any further excess liabilities. After the five-year period, this limited sharing agreement will expire, and Chemours’ indemnification obligations under the Chemours Separation Agreement will continue unchanged. There have been no charges incurred by DuPont under this arrangement through September 30, 2018. Chemours has also agreed that it will not contest its liability to DuPont under the Chemours Separation Agreement for PFOA liabilities on the basis of ostensible defenses generally applicable to the indemnification provisions under the Chemours Separation Agreement, including defenses relating to punitive damages, fines or penalties or attorneys’ fees, and waives any such defenses with respect to PFOA liabilities. Chemours has, however, retained defenses as to whether any particular PFOA claim is within the scope of the indemnification provisions of the Chemours Separation Agreement.
It is possible that new lawsuits could be filed against DuPont related to PFOA that may not be within the scope of the MDL Settlement. Any such new litigation would be subject to indemnification by Chemours under the Chemours Separation Agreement, as amended.
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NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (UNAUDITED)
Fayetteville Works Facility, North Carolina
Prior to the separation of Chemours, the company introduced GenX as a polymerization processing aid and a replacement for PFOA at the Fayetteville Works facility. The facility is now owned and operated by Chemours which continues to manufacture and use GenX. Chemours is responding to ongoing inquiries and investigations from federal, state and local investigators, regulators and other governmental authorities as well as inquiries from the media and local community stakeholders. These inquiries and investigations involve the discharge of GenX and certain similar compounds from the Chemours’ facility at Fayetteville Works into the Cape Fear River in Bladen County, North Carolina.
In August 2017, the U.S. Attorney’s Office for the Eastern District of North Carolina served the company with a grand jury subpoena for testimony and the production of documents related to alleged discharges of GenX from the Fayetteville Works facility into the Cape Fear River. DuPont has been served with additional subpoenas relating to the same issue and in the second quarter 2018, received a subpoena expanding the scope to any PFCs discharged from the Fayetteville Works facility into the Cape Fear River. It is possible that these ongoing inquiries and investigations, including the grand jury subpoena, could result in penalties or sanctions, or that additional litigation will be instituted against Chemours and/or the company.
At September 30, 2018, several actions are pending in federal court against Chemours and the company. These actions have been consolidated into a single purported class action, on behalf of putative classes of property owners and residents in areas near or who draw drinking water from the Cape Fear River. These actions relate to the alleged discharge of certain PFCs into the river from the operations and wastewater treatment at the Fayetteville Works facility and seek various relief including medical monitoring, property damages and injunctive relief. Separate actions filed by the various North Carolina water authorities including Cape Fear Public Utility Authority and Brunswick County, North Carolina, have been consolidated into one action for purposes of litigation and seek actual and punitive damages as well as injunctive relief. In addition, an action remains pending in North Carolina state court on behalf of about 100 plaintiffs who own property near the Fayetteville Works facility. The plaintiffs seek damages for nuisance allegedly caused by releases of certain PFCs from the site.
While it is reasonably possible that the company could incur liabilities related to the actions described above, any such liabilities are not expected to be material.
The company has an indemnification claim against Chemours with respect to current and future inquiries and claims, including lawsuits, related to the foregoing. At September 30, 2018, Chemours, with reservations, is defending and indemnifying the company in the pending civil actions.
Environmental
Accruals for environmental matters are recorded when it is probable that a liability has been incurred and the amount of the liability can be reasonably estimated based on current law and existing technologies. At September 30, 2018, the company had accrued obligations of $417 million for probable environmental remediation and restoration costs, including $58 million for the remediation of Superfund sites. These obligations are included in accrued and other current liabilities and other noncurrent obligations in the interim Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets. This is management’s best estimate of the costs for remediation and restoration with respect to environmental matters for which the company has accrued liabilities, although it is reasonably possible that the ultimate cost with respect to these particular matters could range up to $825 million above the amount accrued at September 30, 2018. Consequently, it is reasonably possible that environmental remediation and restoration costs in excess of amounts accrued could have a material impact on the company’s results of operations, financial condition and cash flows. It is the opinion of the company’s management, however, that the possibility is remote that costs in excess of the range disclosed will have a material impact on the company’s results of operations, financial condition or cash flows. Inherent uncertainties exist in these estimates primarily due to unknown conditions, changing governmental regulations and legal standards regarding liability, and emerging remediation technologies for handling site remediation and restoration.
Pursuant to the Chemours Separation Agreement, the company is indemnified by Chemours for certain environmental matters, included in the liability of $417 million, that have an estimated liability of $228 million as of September 30, 2018, and a potential exposure that ranges up to approximately $395 million above the amount accrued. As such, the company has recorded an indemnification asset of $228 million corresponding to the company’s accrual balance related to these matters at September 30, 2018, including $39 million related to the Superfund sites.
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NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (UNAUDITED)
NOTE 15 - STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY
Other Comprehensive (Loss) Income
The changes and after-tax balances of components comprising accumulated other comprehensive (loss) income are summarized below:

(In millions) | Cumulative Translation Adjustment 1 | Derivative Instruments | Pension Benefit Plans | Other Benefit Plans | Unrealized Gain (Loss) on Investments | Total
2017 |  |  |  |  |  |
Balance January 1, 2017 (Predecessor) | $ | (2,843 | ) | $ | 7 |  | $ | (6,720 | ) | $ | (357 | ) | $ | 2 |  | $ | (9,911 | )
Other comprehensive income (loss) before reclassifications | 1,042 |  | 3 |  | (78 | ) | — |  | 1 |  | 968 |
Amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive (loss) income | — |  | (13 | ) | 325 |  | 10 |  | (1 | ) | 321 |
Net other comprehensive income (loss) | 1,042 |  | (10 | ) | 247 |  | 10 |  | — |  | 1,289 |
Balance August 31, 2017 (Predecessor) | $ | (1,801 | ) | $ | (3 | ) | $ | (6,473 | ) | $ | (347 | ) | $ | 2 |  | $ | (8,622 | )
Balance September 1, 2017 (Successor)2 | $ | — |  | $ | — |  | $ | — |  | $ | — |  | $ | — |  | $ | — |
Other comprehensive loss before reclassifications | (572 | ) | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | (572 | )
Net other comprehensive loss | (572 | ) | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | (572 | )
Balance September 30, 2017 (Successor) | $ | (572 | ) | $ | — |  | $ | — |  | $ | — |  | $ | — |  | $ | (572 | )
2018 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Balance January 1, 2018 (Successor) | $ | (454 | ) | $ | (2 | ) | $ | 128 |  | $ | (53 | ) | $ | — |  | $ | (381 | )
Other comprehensive (loss) income before reclassifications | (1,042 | ) | (3 | ) | 14 |  | — |  | — |  | (1,031 | )
Amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive (loss) income | — |  | (5 | ) | (3 | ) | — |  | — |  | (8 | )
Net other comprehensive (loss) income | (1,042 | ) | (8 | ) | 11 |  | — |  | — |  | (1,039 | )
Balance September 30, 2018 (Successor) | $ | (1,496 | ) | $ | (10 | ) | $ | 139 |  | $ | (53 | ) | $ | — |  | $ | (1,420 | )

1. | The cumulative translation adjustment gain for the period January 1 through August 31, 2017 is primarily driven by the weakening of the USD against the European Euro ("EUR"). The currency translation loss for the period September 1 through September 30, 2017 is primarily driven by the modest strengthening of the USD against the EUR. The currency transaction loss for the nine months ended September 30, 2018 was primarily driven by the strengthening of the USD against the EUR and the Brazilian real ("BRL").

2. | In connection with the Merger, previously unrecognized prior service benefits and net losses related to DuPont's pension and other post employment benefit ("OPEB") plans were eliminated as a result of reflecting the balance sheet at fair value as of the date of the Merger. See Note 3 and 16 for further information regarding the Merger and pension and OPEB plans, respectively.

The tax expense on the net activity related to each component of other comprehensive (loss) income was as follows:

| Successor | Predecessor
(In millions) | Three Months Ended September 30, 2018 | For the Period September 1 - September 30, 2017 | For the Period July 1 - August 31, 2017
Derivative instruments | $ | 1 |  | $ | — |  | $ | — |
Pension benefit plans - net | (1 | ) | — |  | (31 | )
Other benefit plans - net | — |  | — |  | (1 | )
Provision for income taxes related to other comprehensive (loss) income items | $ | — |  | $ | — |  | $ | (32 | )

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NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (UNAUDITED)

| Successor | Predecessor
(In millions) | Nine Months Ended September 30, 2018 | For the Period September 1 - September 30, 2017 | For the Period January 1 - August 31, 2017
Derivative instruments | $ | 2 |  | $ | — |  | $ | 6 |
Pension benefit plans - net | (3 | ) | — |  | (145 | )
Other benefit plans - net | — |  | — |  | (5 | )
Provision for income taxes related to other comprehensive (loss) income items | $ | (1 | ) | $ | — |  | $ | (144 | )

A summary of the reclassifications out of accumulated other comprehensive (loss) income is provided as follows:

| Successor | Predecessor | Income Classification
(In millions) | Three Months Ended September 30, 2018 | For the Period September 1 - September 30, 2017 | For the Period July 1 - August 31, 2017
Derivative Instruments: | $ | 1 |  | $ | — |  | $ | — |  | (1)
Tax expense | (1 | ) | — |  | — |  | (2)
After-tax | $ | — |  | $ | — |  | $ | — |  |
Amortization of pension benefit plans: |  |  |  |  |
Prior service benefit | — |  | — |  | (1 | ) | (3)
Actuarial losses | — |  | — |  | 127 |  | (3)
Settlement gain | (1 | ) | — |  | — |  | (3)
Total before tax | $ | (1 | ) | $ | — |  | $ | 126 |  |
Tax benefit | — |  | — |  | (45 | ) | (2)
After-tax | $ | (1 | ) | $ | — |  | $ | 81 |  |
Amortization of other benefit plans: |  |  |  |  |
Prior service benefit | — |  | — |  | (11 | ) | (3)
Actuarial losses | — |  | — |  | 15 |  | (3)
Total before tax | $ | — |  | $ | — |  | $ | 4 |  |
Tax benefit | — |  | — |  | (1 | ) | (2)
After-tax | $ | — |  | $ | — |  | $ | 3 |  |
Total reclassifications for the period, after-tax | $ | (1 | ) | $ | — |  | $ | 84 |  |

1. | Cost of goods sold.

2. | Provision for income taxes from continuing operations.

3. | These accumulated other comprehensive (loss) income components are included in the computation of net periodic benefit (credit) cost of the company's pension and other benefit plans. See Note 16 for additional information.

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NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (UNAUDITED)

| Successor | Predecessor | Income Classification
(In millions) | Nine Months Ended September 30, 2018 | For the Period September 1 - September 30, 2017 | For the Period January 1 - August 31, 2017
Derivative Instruments: | $ | (6 | ) | $ | — |  | $ | (21 | ) | (1)
Tax expense | 1 |  | — |  | 8 |  | (2)
After-tax | $ | (5 | ) | $ | — |  | $ | (13 | ) |
Amortization of pension benefit plans: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Prior service benefit | — |  | — |  | (3 | ) | (3)
Actuarial (gain) loss | (1 | ) | — |  | 506 |  | (3)
Settlement gain | (2 | ) | — |  | — |  | (3)
Total before tax | $ | (3 | ) | $ | — |  | $ | 503 |  |
Tax benefit | — |  | — |  | (178 | ) | (2)
After-tax | $ | (3 | ) | $ | — |  | $ | 325 |  |
Amortization of other benefit plans: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Prior service benefit | — |  | — |  | (46 | ) | (3)
Actuarial losses | — |  | — |  | 61 |  | (3)
Total before tax | $ | — |  | $ | — |  | $ | 15 |  |
Tax benefit | — |  | — |  | (5 | ) | (2)
After-tax | $ | — |  | $ | — |  | $ | 10 |  |
Net realized losses on investments, before tax: | — |  | — |  | (1 | ) | (4)
Tax expense | — |  | — |  | — |  | (2)
After-tax | $ | — |  | $ | — |  | $ | (1 | ) |
Total reclassifications for the period, after-tax | $ | (8 | ) | $ | — |  | $ | 321 |  |

1. | Cost of goods sold.

2. | Provision for income taxes from continuing operations.

3. | These accumulated other comprehensive (loss) income components are included in the computation of net periodic benefit (credit) cost of the company's pension and other benefit plans. See Note 16 for additional information.

4. | Sundry income (expense) - net.

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NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (UNAUDITED)
NOTE 16 - PENSION PLANS AND OTHER POST EMPLOYMENT BENEFITS
During the period January 1 through August 31, 2017, the company made contributions of $2,900 million to its principal U.S. pension plan funded through a debt offering in May of 2017; short-term borrowings, including commercial paper issuance; and cash. The company made a discretionary contribution of $1,100 million in the third quarter of 2018 to its principal U.S. pension plan and increased its total 2018 estimated pension contributions to approximately $1,300 million, of which $1,266 million had been contributed through September 30, 2018.
The following sets forth the components of the company's net periodic benefit (credit) cost for defined benefit pension plans and other post employment benefits:

| Successor | Predecessor
(In millions) | Three Months Ended September 30, 2018 | For the Period September 1 - September 30, 2017 | For the Period July 1 - August 31, 2017
Defined Benefit Pension Plans: |  |  |
Service cost | $ | 32 |  | $ | 12 |  | $ | 25 |
Interest cost | 186 |  | 62 |  | 132 |
Expected return on plan assets | (299 | ) | (102 | ) | (207 | )
Amortization of unrecognized loss | — |  | — |  | 127 |
Amortization of prior service benefit | — |  | — |  | (1 | )
Curtailment/settlement loss | 2 |  | — |  | — |
Net periodic benefit (credit) cost - Total | $ | (79 | ) | $ | (28 | ) | $ | 76 |
Less: Discontinued operations | — |  | — |  | 1 |
Net periodic benefit (credit) cost - Continuing operations | $ | (79 | ) | $ | (28 | ) | $ | 75 |
Other Post Employment Benefits: |  |  |
Service cost | $ | 3 |  | $ | 1 |  | $ | 2 |
Interest cost | 20 |  | 6 |  | 15 |
Amortization of unrecognized loss | — |  | — |  | 15 |
Amortization of prior service benefit | — |  | — |  | (11 | )
Net periodic benefit cost - Continuing operations | $ | 23 |  | $ | 7 |  | $ | 21 |

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NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (UNAUDITED)

| Successor | Predecessor
(In millions) | Nine Months Ended September 30, 2018 | For the Period September 1 - September 30, 2017 | For the Period January 1 - August 31, 2017
Defined Benefit Pension Plans: |  |  |
Service cost | $ | 99 |  | $ | 12 |  | $ | 92 |
Interest cost | 565 |  | 62 |  | 524 |
Expected return on plan assets | (903 | ) | (102 | ) | (824 | )
Amortization of unrecognized (gain) loss | (1 | ) | — |  | 506 |
Amortization of prior service benefit | — |  | — |  | (3 | )
Curtailment/settlement gain | (2 | ) | — |  | — |
Net periodic benefit (credit) cost - Total | $ | (242 | ) | $ | (28 | ) | $ | 295 |
Less: Discontinued operations | — |  | — |  | 3 |
Net periodic benefit (credit) cost - Continuing operations | $ | (242 | ) | $ | (28 | ) | $ | 292 |
Other Post Employment Benefits: |  |  |
Service cost | $ | 7 |  | $ | 1 |  | $ | 6 |
Interest cost | 63 |  | 6 |  | 60 |
Amortization of unrecognized loss | — |  | — |  | 61 |
Amortization of prior service benefit | — |  | — |  | (46 | )
Net periodic benefit cost - Continuing operations | $ | 70 |  | $ | 7 |  | $ | 81 |

In accordance with adopted ASU No. 2017-07, service costs are included in cost of goods sold, research and development expense and selling, general and administrative expenses in the interim Consolidated Statements of Operations. Non-service related components of net periodic benefit (credit) cost are included in sundry income (expense) - net in the interim Consolidated Statements of Operations. See Notes 1, 2 and 8 for additional information.
NOTE 17 - FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS
At September 30, 2018, the company had $2,641 million ($5,205 million at December 31, 2017) of held-to-maturity securities (primarily time deposits and money market funds) classified as cash equivalents, as these securities had maturities of three months or less at the time of purchase; and $264 million ($952 million at December 31, 2017) of held-to-maturity securities (primarily time deposits) classified as marketable securities as these securities had maturities of more than three months to less than one year at the time of purchase. The company’s investments in held-to-maturity securities are held at amortized cost, which approximates fair value. These securities are included in cash and cash equivalents, marketable securities, and other current assets in the consolidated balance sheets.
Derivative Instruments
Objectives and Strategies for Holding Derivative Instruments
In the ordinary course of business, the company enters into contractual arrangements (derivatives) to reduce its exposure to foreign currency, interest rate and commodity price risks. The company has established a variety of derivative programs to be utilized for financial risk management. These programs reflect varying levels of exposure coverage and time horizons based on an assessment of risk.
Derivative programs have procedures and controls and are approved by the Corporate Financial Risk Management Committee, consistent with the company's financial risk management policies and guidelines. Derivative instruments used are forwards, options, futures and swaps. The company has not designated any non-derivatives as hedging instruments.
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NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (UNAUDITED)
The company's financial risk management procedures also address counterparty credit approval, limits and routine exposure monitoring and reporting. The counterparties to these contractual arrangements are major financial institutions and major commodity exchanges. The company is exposed to credit loss in the event of nonperformance by these counterparties. The company utilizes collateral support annex agreements with certain counterparties to limit its exposure to credit losses. The company anticipates performance by counterparties to these contracts and therefore no material loss is expected. Market and counterparty credit risks associated with these instruments are regularly reported to management.
The notional amounts of the company's derivative instruments were as follows:

Notional Amounts (In millions) | September 30, 2018 | December 31, 2017
Derivatives designated as hedging instruments: |  |
Commodity contracts | $ | 125 |  | $ | 587 |
Derivatives not designated as hedging instruments: |  |  |  |
Foreign currency contracts | $ | 3,159 |  | $ | 3,922 |
Commodity contracts | $ | 12 |  | $ | 6 |

Foreign Currency Risk
The company's objective in managing exposure to foreign currency fluctuations is to reduce earnings and cash flow volatility associated with foreign currency rate changes. Accordingly, the company enters into various contracts that change in value as foreign exchange rates change to protect the value of its existing foreign currency-denominated assets, liabilities, commitments and cash flows.
The company routinely uses forward exchange contracts to offset its net exposures, by currency, related to the foreign currency denominated monetary assets and liabilities of its operations. The primary business objective of this hedging program is to maintain an approximately balanced position in foreign currencies so that exchange gains and losses resulting from exchange rate changes, after related tax effects, are minimized. The company also uses foreign currency exchange contracts to offset a portion of the company's exposure to certain foreign currency-denominated revenues so that gains and losses on these contracts offset changes in the USD value of the related foreign currency-denominated revenues. The objective of the hedge program is to reduce earnings and cash flow volatility related to changes in foreign currency exchange rates.
Commodity Price Risk
Commodity price risk management programs serve to reduce exposure to price fluctuations on purchases of inventory such as corn, soybeans, soybean oil and soybean meal. The company enters into over-the-counter and exchange-traded derivative commodity instruments to hedge the commodity price risk associated with agricultural commodity exposures.
Derivatives Designated as Cash Flow Hedges
Commodity Contracts
The company enters into over-the-counter and exchange-traded derivative commodity instruments, including options, futures and swaps, to hedge the commodity price risk associated with agriculture commodity exposures.
While each risk management program has a different time maturity period, most programs currently do not extend beyond the next two-year period. Cash flow hedge results are reclassified into earnings during the same period in which the related exposure impacts earnings. Reclassifications are made sooner if it appears that a forecasted transaction is not probable of occurring.
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NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (UNAUDITED)
The following tables summarize the after-tax effect of cash flow hedges on accumulated other comprehensive loss:

| Successor | Predecessor
(In millions) | Three Months Ended September 30, 2018 | For the Period September 1 - September 30, 2017 | For the Period July 1 - August 31, 2017
Beginning balance | $ | (7 | ) | $ | — |  | $ | (4 | )
Additions and revaluations of derivatives designated as cash flow hedges | (3 | ) | — |  | 1 |
Ending balance | $ | (10 | ) | $ | — |  | $ | (3 | )

| Successor | Predecessor
(In millions) | Nine Months Ended September 30, 2018 | For the Period September 1 - September 30, 2017 | For the Period January 1 - August 31, 2017
Beginning balance | $ | (2 | ) | $ | — |  | $ | 7 |
Additions and revaluations of derivatives designated as cash flow hedges | (3 | ) | — |  | 3 |
Clearance of hedge results to earnings | (5 | ) | — |  | (13 | )
Ending balance | $ | (10 | ) | $ | — |  | $ | (3 | )

At September 30, 2018, an after-tax net loss of $9 million is expected to be reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive loss into earnings over the next twelve months.
Derivatives not Designated in Hedging Relationships
Foreign Currency Contracts
The company routinely uses forward exchange contracts to reduce its net exposure, by currency, related to foreign currency-denominated monetary assets and liabilities of its operations so that exchange gains and losses resulting from exchange rate changes are minimized. The netting of such exposures precludes the use of hedge accounting; however, the required revaluation of the forward contracts and the associated foreign currency-denominated monetary assets and liabilities intends to achieve a minimal earnings impact, after taxes. The company also uses foreign currency exchange contracts to offset a portion of the company's exposure to certain foreign currency-denominated revenues so that gains and losses on the contracts offset changes in the USD value of the related foreign currency-denominated revenues.
Commodity Contracts
The company utilizes options, futures and swaps that are not designated as hedging instruments to reduce exposure to commodity price fluctuations on purchases of inventory such as corn, soybeans, soybean oil and soybean meal.
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NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (UNAUDITED)
Fair Value of Derivative Instruments
Asset and liability derivatives subject to an enforceable master netting arrangement with the same counterparty are presented on a net basis in the interim Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets. The presentation of the company's derivative assets and liabilities is as follows:

|  | September 30, 2018
(In millions) | Balance Sheet Location | Gross | Counterparty and Cash Collateral Netting 1 | Net Amounts Included in the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheet
Asset derivatives: |  |  |  |
Derivatives not designated as hedging instruments: |  |  |  |  |
Foreign currency contracts | Other current assets | $ | 55 |  | $ | (39 | ) | $ | 16 |
Total asset derivatives |  | $ | 55 |  | $ | (39 | ) | $ | 16 |
Liability derivatives: |  |  |  |  |
Derivatives not designated as hedging instruments: |  |  |  |  |  |
Foreign currency contracts | Accrued and other current liabilities | $ | 54 |  | $ | (18 | ) | $ | 36 |
Total liability derivatives |  | $ | 54 |  | $ | (18 | ) | $ | 36 |

1. | Counterparty and cash collateral amounts represent the estimated net settlement amount when applying netting and set-off rights included in master netting arrangements between the company and its counterparties and the payable or receivable for cash collateral held or placed with the same counterparty.

|  | December 31, 2017
(In millions) | Balance Sheet Location | Gross | Counterparty and Cash Collateral Netting 1 | Net Amounts Included in the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheet
Asset derivatives: |  |  |  |
Derivatives not designated as hedging instruments: |  |  |  |  |
Foreign currency contracts | Other current assets | $ | 46 |  | $ | (37 | ) | $ | 9 |
Total asset derivatives |  | $ | 46 |  | $ | (37 | ) | $ | 9 |
Liability derivatives: |  |  |  |  |
Derivatives not designated as hedging instruments: |  |  |  |  |  |
Foreign currency contracts | Accrued and other current liabilities | $ | 79 |  | $ | (32 | ) | $ | 47 |
Total liability derivatives |  | $ | 79 |  | $ | (32 | ) | $ | 47 |

1. | Counterparty and cash collateral amounts represent the estimated net settlement amount when applying netting and set-off rights included in master netting arrangements between the company and its counterparties and the payable or receivable for cash collateral held or placed with the same counterparty.

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NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (UNAUDITED)
Effect of Derivative Instruments

| Amount of (Loss) Gain Recognized in OCI 1 - Pre-Tax
| Successor | Predecessor
(In millions) | Three Months Ended September 30, 2018 | For the Period September 1 - September 30, 2017 | For the Period July 1 - August 31, 2017
Derivatives designated as hedging instruments: |  |  |
Cash flow hedges: |  |  |
Commodity contracts | $ | (5 | ) | $ | — |  | $ | 1 |
Total derivatives designated as hedging instruments | (5 | ) | — |  | 1 |
Total derivatives | $ | (5 | ) | $ | — |  | $ | 1 |

1. | OCI is defined as other comprehensive income (loss).

| Amount of (Loss) Gain Recognized in OCI 1 - Pre-Tax
| Successor | Predecessor
(In millions) | Nine Months Ended September 30, 2018 | For the Period September 1 - September 30, 2017 | For the Period January 1 - August 31, 2017
Derivatives designated as hedging instruments: |  |  |
Cash flow hedges: |  |  |
Commodity contracts | $ | (4 | ) | $ | — |  | $ | 5 |
Total derivatives designated as hedging instruments | (4 | ) | — |  | 5 |
Total derivatives | $ | (4 | ) | $ | — |  | $ | 5 |

1. | OCI is defined as other comprehensive income (loss).

| Amount of Gain (Loss) Recognized in Income - Pre-Tax 1
| Successor | Predecessor
(In millions) | Three Months Ended September 30, 2018 | For the Period September 1 - September 30, 2017 | For the Period July 1 - August 31, 2017
Derivatives designated as hedging instruments: |  |  |
Cash flow hedges: |  |  |
Commodity contracts 2 | $ | (1 | ) | $ | — |  | $ | — |
Total derivatives designated as hedging instruments | (1 | ) | — |  | — |
Derivatives not designated as hedging instruments: |  |  |
Foreign currency contracts 3 | 31 |  | 112 |  | (260 | )
Commodity contracts 2 | — |  | — |  | 2 |
Total derivatives not designated as hedging instruments | 31 |  | 112 |  | (258 | )
Total derivatives | $ | 30 |  | $ | 112 |  | $ | (258 | )

1. | For cash flow hedges, this represents the portion of the gain (loss) reclassified from accumulated OCI into income during the period.

2. | Recorded in cost of goods sold.

3. | Gain recognized in sundry income (expense) - net was partially offset by the related gain on the foreign currency-denominated monetary assets and liabilities of the company's operations. See Note 8 for additional information.

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NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (UNAUDITED)

| Amount of Gain (Loss) Recognized in Income - Pre-Tax 1
| Successor | Predecessor
(In millions) | Nine Months Ended September 30, 2018 | For the Period September 1 - September 30, 2017 | For the Period January 1 - August 31, 2017
Derivatives designated as hedging instruments: |  |  |
Cash flow hedges: |  |  |
Commodity contracts 2 | $ | 6 |  | $ | — |  | $ | 21 |
Total derivatives designated as hedging instruments | 6 |  | — |  | 21 |
Derivatives not designated as hedging instruments: |  |  |
Foreign currency contracts 3 | 27 |  | 112 |  | (431 | )
Commodity contracts 2 | 5 |  | — |  | 2 |
Total derivatives not designated as hedging instruments | 32 |  | 112 |  | (429 | )
Total derivatives | $ | 38 |  | $ | 112 |  | $ | (408 | )

1. | For cash flow hedges, this represents the portion of the gain (loss) reclassified from accumulated OCI into income during the period.

2. | Recorded in cost of goods sold.

3. | Gain recognized in sundry income (expense) - net was partially offset by the related gain on the foreign currency-denominated monetary assets and liabilities of the company's operations. See Note 8 for additional information.

NOTE 18 - FAIR VALUE MEASUREMENTS
The following tables summarize the bases used to measure certain assets and liabilities at fair value on a recurring basis:

September 30, 2018 | Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2)
(In millions)
Assets at fair value: |
Cash equivalents and restricted cash equivalents 1 | $ | 2,641 |
Marketable securities | 264 |
Derivatives relating to:2 |
Foreign currency | 55 |
Total assets at fair value | $ | 2,960 |
Liabilities at fair value: |
Long-term debt | $ | 10,388 |
Derivatives relating to:2 |
Foreign currency | 54 |
Total liabilities at fair value | $ | 10,442 |

1. | Time deposits included in cash and cash equivalents and money market funds included in other current assets in the interim Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets are held at amortized cost, which approximates fair value.

2. | See Note 17 for the classification of derivatives in the interim Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets.

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NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (UNAUDITED)

December 31, 2017 | Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2)
(In millions)
Assets at fair value: |
Cash equivalents and restricted cash equivalents 1 | $ | 5,205 |
Marketable securities | 952 |
Derivatives relating to:2 |
Foreign currency | 46 |
Total assets at fair value | $ | 6,203 |
Liabilities at fair value: |
Long-term debt | $ | 11,560 |
Derivatives relating to:2 |  |
Foreign currency | 79 |
Total liabilities at fair value | $ | 11,639 |

1. | Time deposits included in cash and cash equivalents and money market funds included in other current assets in the interim Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets are held at amortized cost, which approximates fair value.

2. | See Note 17 for the classification of derivatives in the interim Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets.

Fair Value Measurements on a Nonrecurring Basis
The following table summarizes the bases used to measure certain assets at fair value on a nonrecurring basis:

Basis of Fair Value Measurements on a Nonrecurring Basis at September 30 | Significant Other Unobservable Inputs (Level 3) | Total Losses
(In millions)
2018 |  |
Assets at fair value: |  |
Investment in nonconsolidated affiliates | $ | 51 |  | $ | (41 | )
Other intangible assets | $ | 450 |  | $ | (85 | )

With the exception of the goodwill, indefinite-lived intangible asset, and investment in nonconsolidated affiliates impairment charges there were no other non-recurring fair value adjustments recorded during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017. See Notes 6 and 12 for further discussion of these fair value measurements.
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Item 2. | MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

Cautionary Statements About Forward-Looking Statements
This communication contains “forward-looking statements” within the meaning of the federal securities laws, including Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended. In this context, forward-looking statements often address expected future business and financial performance and financial condition, and often contain words such as “expect,” “anticipate,” “intend,” “plan,” “believe,” “seek,” “see,” “will,” “would,” “target,” similar expressions, and variations or negatives of these words.
On December 11, 2015, The Dow Chemical Company (“Dow”) and E. I. du Pont de Nemours and Company (“DuPont”) announced entry into an Agreement and Plan of Merger, as amended on March 31, 2017, (the “Merger Agreement”) under which the companies would combine in an all-stock merger of equals transaction (the “Merger”). Effective August 31, 2017, the Merger was completed and each of Dow and DuPont became subsidiaries of DowDuPont Inc. (“DowDuPont”).
Forward-looking statements by their nature address matters that are, to varying degrees, uncertain, including the intended separation, subject to approval of the DowDuPont Board of Directors and customary closing conditions, of DowDuPont’s agriculture, materials science and specialty products businesses in one or more tax efficient transactions on anticipated terms (the “Intended Business Separations”). Forward-looking statements are not guarantees of future performance and are based on certain assumptions and expectations of future events which may not be realized. Forward-looking statements also involve risks and uncertainties, many of which are beyond the control of DuPont and its parent company. Some of the important factors that could cause DuPont’s actual results to differ materially from those projected in any such forward-looking statements include, but are not limited to: (i) costs to achieve and achieving the successful integration of the respective agriculture, materials science and specialty products businesses of Dow and DuPont, anticipated tax treatment, unforeseen liabilities, future capital expenditures, revenues, expenses, earnings, productivity actions, economic performance, indebtedness, financial condition, losses, future prospects, business and management strategies for the management, expansion and growth of the combined operations; (ii) costs to achieve and achievement of the anticipated synergies by the combined agriculture, materials science and specialty products businesses; (iii) risks associated with the Intended Business Separations, including conditions which could delay, prevent or otherwise adversely affect the proposed transactions, including possible issues or delays in obtaining required regulatory approvals or clearances related to the Intended Business Separations, associated cost, disruptions in the financial markets or other potential barriers; (iv) disruptions or business uncertainty, including from the Intended Business Separations, could adversely impact DuPont’s business or financial performance and its ability to retain and hire key personnel; and (v) risks to DuPont’s business, operations and results of operations from: the availability of and fluctuations in the cost of energy and raw materials; failure to develop and market new products and optimally manage product life cycles; ability, cost and impact on business operations, including the supply chain, of responding to changes in market acceptance, rules, regulations and policies and failure to respond to such changes; delays or failures in obtaining or retaining regulatory approvals, delayed product launches, lack of market acceptance, product discontinuation, changes in the regulatory environment and litigation resulting from concerns and claims regarding the safe use of seeds with biotechnology traits and crop protection products potential impact on health and the environment, and the perceived impacts of biotechnology on health and the environment; impact of unpredictable seasonal and weather factors could impact sales and earnings from agriculture products; outcome of significant litigation, environmental matters and other commitments and contingencies; failure to appropriately manage process safety and product stewardship issues; global economic and capital market conditions, including the continued availability of capital and financing, as well as inflation, interest and currency exchange rates; changes in political conditions, including trade disputes and retaliatory actions; business or supply disruptions; security threats, such as acts of sabotage, terrorism or war, natural disasters and weather events and patterns which could result in a significant operational event for DuPont, adversely impact demand or production; ability to discover, develop and protect new technologies and to protect and enforce the DuPont’s intellectual property rights; failure to effectively manage acquisitions, divestitures, alliances, joint ventures and other portfolio changes; unpredictability and severity of catastrophic events, including, but not limited to, acts of terrorism or outbreak of war or hostilities, as well as management’s response to any of the aforementioned factors. While the list of factors presented here is, considered representative, no such list should be considered to be a complete statement of all potential risks and uncertainties. Unlisted factors may present significant additional obstacles to the realization of forward-looking statements. Consequences of material differences in results as compared with those anticipated in the forward-looking statements could include, among other things, business disruption, operational problems, financial loss, legal liability to third parties and similar risks, any of which could have a material adverse effect on DuPont’s consolidated financial condition, results of operations, credit rating or liquidity. DuPont does not assume any obligation to publicly provide revisions or updates to any forward-looking statements whether as a result of new information, future developments or otherwise, should circumstances change, except as otherwise required by securities and other applicable laws.
For further discussion of some of the important factors that could cause the company's actual results to differ materially from those projected in any such forward-looking statements, see the Risk Factors discussion set forth under Part I, Item 1A of the company's 2017 Annual Report and in the section titled "Risk Factors" (Part II, Item 1A of this Form 10-Q).
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Recent Developments
DowDuPont Merger of Equals
DowDuPont Inc. ("DowDuPont") was formed on December 9, 2015 to effect an all-stock, merger of equals strategic combination between The Dow Chemical Company ("Dow") and DuPont (the "Merger Transaction"). On August 31, 2017 at 11:59 pm ET, (the "Merger Effectiveness Time") pursuant to the Agreement and Plan of Merger, dated as of December 11, 2015, as amended on March 31, 2017 (the "Merger Agreement"), Dow and DuPont each merged with wholly owned subsidiaries of DowDuPont ("Mergers") and, as a result of the Mergers, Dow and DuPont became subsidiaries of DowDuPont (collectively, the "Merger"). Prior to the Merger, DowDuPont did not conduct any business activities other than those required for its formation and matters contemplated by the Merger Agreement. DowDuPont intends to pursue, subject to the receipt of approval by the Board of Directors of DowDuPont and customary closing conditions, the separation of the combined company's agriculture business, specialty products business and materials science business through a series of tax-efficient transactions (collectively, the "Intended Business Separations"). DowDuPont anticipates materials science separating about April 1, 2019, and expects agriculture and specialty products to separate about June 1, 2019.
On February 26, 2018, DowDuPont announced the corporate brand names that each company plans to assume once the Intended Business Separations occur. Materials science will be called Dow, agriculture will be called Corteva TM Agriscience, and specialty products will be called DuPont.
As a condition of the regulatory approval for the Merger Transaction, the company was required to divest certain assets related to its crop protection business and research and development ("R&D") organization (the "Divested Ag Business"). On March 31, 2017, the company entered into a definitive agreement (the "FMC Transaction Agreement") with FMC Corporation ("FMC"). Under the FMC Transaction Agreement, and effective upon the closing of the transaction on November 1, 2017, FMC acquired the Divested Ag Business and DuPont acquired certain assets relating to FMC’s Health and Nutrition segment (the "H&N Business") (collectively, the "FMC Transactions"). On November 1, 2017, the company completed the FMC Transactions through the disposition of the Divested Ag Business and the acquisition of the Acquired H&N Business. See Note 3 to the interim Consolidated Financial Statements for further information regarding the divestiture. The sale of the Divested Ag Business meets the criteria for discontinued operations and as such, earnings are included within income from discontinued operations after income taxes in the interim Consolidated Statements of Operations for all periods presented.
Agriculture Reporting Unit Goodwill and Indefinite-lived Asset Impairments
During the three months ended September 30, 2018 the company was required to perform an interim impairment test of its goodwill and indefinite-lived intangible assets for the agriculture reporting unit. As a result of the analysis performed, the company recorded pre-tax, non-cash impairment charges of $4,503 million for goodwill and $85 million for certain indefinite-lived assets during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018. The charges were recognized in goodwill impairment charge and restructuring and asset related charges - net, respectively, in the interim Consolidated Statement of Operations.
Impact From Recently Enacted Tariffs
Certain countries where the company’s products are manufactured, distributed or sold have recently enacted or are considering imposing new tariffs on certain products. The company has analyzed the potential impacts from tariffs that took effect on July 6, 2018 and does not expect such tariffs will have a direct material impact on its results of operations in 2018 because of the company’s mitigation actions and its global asset base. The company will continue to monitor the situation and take actions, where possible, to mitigate any potential impact as events unfold. The company believes the tariffs could contribute to an expected shift to soybeans from corn in Latin America and pressure farmer margins in North America which is reflected in the revised long-term cash flow projections for the agriculture reporting unit discussed above.
Tyvek® Capacity Expansion
In June 2018, DuPont announced plans to invest more than $400 million in its safety and construction product line to increase capacity for the manufacture of Tyvek® nonwoven materials at its Luxembourg site due to growing global demand. The production expansion, which includes investment in a new building and a third operating line at the site, is scheduled to occur over the next three years, with commercial production expected to begin in 2021.
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Tax Reform
On December 22, 2017, the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act (“The Act”) was enacted. The Act reduces the U.S. federal corporate income tax rate from 35 percent to 21 percent, requires companies to pay a one-time transition tax (“transition tax”) on earnings of foreign subsidiaries that were previously tax deferred, creates new provisions related to foreign sourced earnings, eliminates the domestic manufacturing deduction and moves to a territorial system. In the fourth quarter of 2017, the company recorded a net benefit in provision for taxes on continuing operations of $2.0 billion, which consisted of a provisional net benefit of $2.7 billion due to the reduction of the U.S. federal corporate income tax rate, partially offset by a provisional charge of $715 million due to the transition tax. At September 30, 2018, the company had not yet completed its accounting for the tax effects of enactment of the Act; however, in the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018, the company recorded benefits of $99 million and $44 million, respectively, to provision for income taxes on continuing operations with respect to the remeasurement of the company's deferred tax balance. In addition, the company recorded a charge of $16 million associated with an indirect impact of The Act related to certain inventory for the nine months ended September 30, 2018. The company continues to refine its calculations as additional information and guidance becomes available.
DowDuPont Cost Synergy Program
In September and November 2017, DowDuPont and the company approved post-merger restructuring actions to achieve targeted cost synergies under the DowDuPont Cost Synergy Program (the “Synergy Program”), adopted by the DowDuPont Board of Directors. The plan is designed to integrate and optimize the organization following the Merger and in preparation for the Intended Business Separations. Based on all actions approved to date under the Synergy Program, DuPont now expects to record total pre-tax restructuring charges of $460 million to $715 million, comprised of approximately $350 million to $400 million of severance and related benefits costs; $110 million to $140 million of costs related to contract terminations; and up to $175 million of asset related charges. Substantially all of the remaining restructuring charges are expected to be incurred in 2018 and the related actions, including employee separations, associated with this plan are expected to be substantially complete by the end of 2019.
In connection with these actions, the company recorded pre-tax charges of $61 million and $252 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018, respectively.
On November 1, 2018, DowDuPont announced an increase in its cost synergy commitment from $3.3 billion to $3.6 billion.
Future cash payments related to this program are anticipated to be approximately $330 million to $410 million, primarily related to the payment of severance and related benefits and contract termination costs. It is possible that additional charges and future cash payments could occur in relation to the restructuring actions. The company anticipates including savings associated with these actions within DowDuPont's cost synergy commitment of $3.6 billion associated with the Merger Transaction.
Note on Financial Presentation
For purposes of DowDuPont's financial statement presentation, Dow was determined to be the accounting acquirer in the Merger and DuPont's assets and liabilities are reflected at fair value as of the Merger Effectiveness Time. In connection with the Merger and the related accounting determination, the company has elected to apply push-down accounting and reflect in its financial statements, the fair value of its assets and liabilities. DuPont's Consolidated Financial Statements for periods following the close of the Merger are labeled “Successor” and reflect DowDuPont’s basis in the fair values of the assets and liabilities of DuPont. All periods prior to the closing of the Merger reflect the historical accounting basis in DuPont's assets and liabilities and are labeled “Predecessor.” The interim Consolidated Financial Statements and Footnotes include a black line division between the columns titled "Predecessor" and "Successor" to signify that the amounts shown for the periods prior to and following the Merger are not comparable. In addition, the company has elected to make certain changes in presentation to harmonize its accounting and reporting with that of DowDuPont in the Successor period. See Note 1, "Summary of Significant Accounting Policies" in the company's 2017 Annual Report for further discussion of these changes and Note 3 to the interim Consolidated Financial Statements for additional information on the Merger.
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Selected Financial Data

| Successor | Predecessor
In millions, except per share amounts | Three Months Ended September 30, 2018 | For the Period September 1 - September 30, 2017 | For the Period July 1 - August 31, 2017
Net sales | $ | 5,294 |  | $ | 1,735 |  | $ | 2,991 |
Cost of goods sold | $ | 3,686 |  | $ | 1,531 |  | $ | 1,937 |
Percent of net sales | 70 | % | 88 | % | 65 | %
Research and development expenses | $ | 367 |  | $ | 120 |  | $ | 267 |
Percent of net sales | 7 | % | 7 | % | 9 | %
Selling, general and administrative expenses | $ | 823 |  | $ | 276 |  | $ | 776 |
Percent of net sales | 16 | % | 16 | % | 26 | %
Effective tax rate on continuing operations | (0.2 | )% | 7.7 | % | 33.8 | %
Net loss | $ | (4,960 | ) | $ | (295 | ) | $ | (229 | )
Net loss available for common stockholders |  |  | $ | (236 | )
Basic loss per share of common stock from continuing operations |  |  | $ | (0.30 | )
Diluted loss per share of common stock from continuing operations |  |  | $ | (0.30 | )

| Successor | Predecessor
In millions, except per share amounts | Nine Months Ended September 30, 2018 | For the Period September 1 - September 30, 2017 | For the Period January 1 - August 31, 2017
Net sales | $ | 20,538 |  | $ | 1,735 |  | $ | 17,281 |
Cost of goods sold | $ | 14,202 |  | $ | 1,531 |  | $ | 10,052 |
Percent of net sales | 69 | % | 88 | % | 58 | %
Research and development expenses | $ | 1,145 |  | $ | 120 |  | $ | 1,022 |
Percent of net sales | 6 | % | 7 | % | 6 | %
Selling, general and administrative expenses | $ | 2,964 |  | $ | 276 |  | $ | 3,222 |
Percent of net sales | 14 | % | 16 | % | 19 | %
Effective tax rate on continuing operations | (4.0 | )% | 7.7 | % | 8.3 | %
Net (loss) income | $ | (4,667 | ) | $ | (295 | ) | $ | 1,761 |
Net income available for common stockholders |  |  | $ | 1,734 |
Basic earnings per share of common stock from continuing operations |  |  | $ | 1.86 |
Diluted earnings per share of common stock from continuing operations |  |  | $ | 1.85 |

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Results of Operations
Net Sales
Net sales were $5.3 billion for the three months ended September 30, 2018 compared with $1.7 billion for the period September 1 through September 30, 2017 and $3.0 billion for the period July 1 through August 31, 2017, respectively. The increase was primarily driven by volume growth in Latin America and Asia Pacific, particularly for crop protection products in those regions. Sales also increased on local pricing gains in Latin America and Asia Pacific.

| Successor | Predecessor
| Three Months Ended September 30, 2018 | For the Period September 1 - September 30, 2017 | For the Period July 1 - August 31, 2017
| Net Sales ($ Billions) | % | Net Sales ($ Billions) | % | Net Sales ($ Billions) | %
Worldwide | $ | 5.3 |  | 100.0 | $ | 1.7 |  | 100.0 | $ | 3.0 |  | 100.0
U.S. & Canada | 1.6 |  | 31.2 | 0.5 |  | 27.6 | 1.0 |  | 32.5
Europe, Middle East & Africa ("EMEA") | 1.3 |  | 23.7 | 0.4 |  | 24.5 | 0.7 |  | 24.9
Asia Pacific | 1.6 |  | 30.5 | 0.5 |  | 30.4 | 0.9 |  | 31.3
Latin America | 0.8 |  | 14.6 | 0.3 |  | 17.5 | 0.4 |  | 11.3

Net sales were $20.5 billion for the nine months ended September 30, 2018 compared with $1.7 billion for the period September 1 through September 30, 2017 and $17.3 billion for the period January 1 through August 31, 2017, respectively. The change was primarily driven by sales increases in EMEA and Asia Pacific of 16 percent and 11 percent, respectively, driven by currency benefits in EMEA and volume growth in Asia Pacific, as well as increases in local price across all regions.

| Successor | Predecessor
| Nine Months Ended September 30, 2018 | For the Period September 1 - September 30, 2017 | For the Period January 1 - August 31, 2017
| Net Sales ($ Billions) | % | Net Sales ($ Billions) | % | Net Sales ($ Billions) | %
Worldwide | $ | 20.5 |  | 100.0 | $ | 1.7 |  | 100.0 | $ | 17.3 |  | 100.0
U.S. & Canada | 8.9 |  | 43.4 | 0.5 |  | 27.6 | 8.1 |  | 47.0
EMEA | 5.0 |  | 24.3 | 0.4 |  | 24.5 | 3.9 |  | 22.8
Asia Pacific | 4.9 |  | 23.8 | 0.5 |  | 30.4 | 3.9 |  | 22.2
Latin America | 1.7 |  | 8.5 | 0.3 |  | 17.5 | 1.4 |  | 8.0

In the interim Consolidated Statements of Operations, royalty income is included within net sales in the Successor periods and is included in sundry income (expense) - net in the Predecessor periods. Royalty income does not have a significant impact on any period presented.
Cost of Goods Sold ("COGS")
COGS was $3.7 billion for the three months ended September 30, 2018 compared with $1.5 billion for the period September 1 through September 30, 2017 and $1.9 billion for the period July 1 through August 31, 2017, respectively. Amortization of the inventory step-up was $109 million for the three months ended September 30, 2018 compared with one month amortization of the inventory step-up of $360 million for the period September 1 through September 30, 2017. Additional changes in COGS were primarily due to the elimination of the other operating charges financial statement line item in the Successor periods, higher depreciation related to the fair value step-up of property, plant and equipment, and higher sales volume.
COGS as a percentage of net sales was 70 percent, 88 percent and 65 percent for the three months ended September 30, 2018, the period September 1 through September 30, 2017 and the period July 1 through August 31, 2017, respectively. The amortization of the inventory step-up was 2 percent of net sales for the three months ended September 30, 2018 and 21 percent of net sales for the period September 1 through September 30, 2017. This remaining change in COGS as a percentage of net sales for the three months ended September 30, 2018 was due to the items discussed above.
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COGS was $14.2 billion for the nine months ended September 30, 2018 compared with $1.5 billion for the period September 1 through September 30, 2017 and $10.1 billion for the period January 1 through August 31, 2017, respectively. The change was primarily driven by the amortization of the inventory step-up of $1.5 billion for the nine months ended September 30, 2018 compared with $360 million for the period September 1 through September 30, 2017. COGS also increased due to the elimination of the other operating charges financial statement line item in the Successor periods and higher depreciation related to the fair value step-up of property, plant and equipment.
COGS as a percentage of net sales was 69 percent, 88 percent and 58 percent for the nine months ended September 30, 2018, the period September 1 through September 30, 2017 and the period January 1 through August 31, 2017, respectively. The amortization of the inventory step-up was 7 percent of net sales for the nine months ended September 30, 2018 and 21 percent of net sales for the period September 1 through September 30, 2017. The remaining change in COGS as a percentage of net sales for the nine months ended September 30, 2018 is due to the items discussed above.
See Note 3 to the interim Consolidated Financial Statements for additional information regarding the Merger, including the valuation of inventory.
Other Operating Charges
Other operating charges were $136 million and $504 million for the periods July 1 through August 31, 2017 and January 1 through August 31, 2017, respectively. In the Successor periods, other operating charges are included primarily in COGS, as well as selling, general and administrative expenses and amortization of intangibles.
Research and Development Expense
R&D expense was $367 million for the three months ended September 30, 2018, $120 million for the period September 1 through September 30, 2017 and $267 million for the period July 1 through August 31, 2017, respectively. R&D as a percentage of net sales was 7 percent for the three months ended September 30, 2018, 7 percent for the period September 1 through September 30, 2017 and 9 percent for the period July 1 through August 31, 2017, respectively. The change was primarily driven by lower performance-based compensation.
R&D expense was $1.1 billion for the nine months ended September 30, 2018, $120 million for the period September 1 through September 30, 2017 and $1.0 billion for the period January 1 through August 31, 2017, respectively. R&D as a percentage of net sales was 6 percent for the nine months ended September 30, 2018, 7 percent for the period September 1 through September 30, 2017 and 6 percent for the period January 1 through August 31, 2017, respectively.
Selling, General and Administrative Expenses ("SG&A")
SG&A expenses were $823 million for the three months ended September 30, 2018, $276 million for the period September 1 through September 30, 2017 and $776 million for the period July 1 through August 31, 2017, respectively. In the Successor periods, integration and separation costs and amortization of intangibles are presented as line items on the interim Consolidated Statements of Operations. During the period July 1 through August 31, 2017, the company incurred $210 million of transaction costs in connection with the Merger and the Intended Business Separations. The remaining change was primarily driven by lower performance-based compensation.
SG&A as a percentage of net sales was 16 percent for the three months ended September 30, 2018, 16 percent for the period September 1 through September 30, 2017 and 26 percent for the period July 1 through August 31, 2017, respectively. Transaction costs were 7 percent of net sales for the period July 1 through August 31, 2017. The remaining change as a percentage of sales is due to the item discussed above.
SG&A expenses were $3.0 billion for the nine months ended September 30, 2018, $276 million for the period September 1 through September 30, 2017 and $3.2 billion for the period January 1 through August 31, 2017, respectively. For the period January 1 through August 31, 2017, the company incurred $581 million of transaction costs in connection with the Merger and the Intended Business Separations. The remaining change was primarily driven by higher selling costs as a result of increased net sales, largely offset by lower performance-based compensation.
SG&A as a percentage of net sales was 14 percent for the nine months ended September 30, 2018, 16 percent for the period September 1 through September 30, 2017 and 19 percent for the period January 1 through August 31, 2017, respectively. Transaction costs were 3 percent of net sales for the period January 1 through August 31, 2017.
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Amortization of Intangibles
Intangible asset amortization was $307 million and $955 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018, respectively, and $89 million for the period September 1 through September 30, 2017. In the Predecessor periods, amortization of intangibles was included within SG&A; other operating charges; R&D; and COGS. See Note 3 to the interim Consolidated Financial Statements for further information regarding the Merger, including the valuation of intangible assets.
Restructuring and Asset Related Charges - Net
Restructuring and asset related charges - net were $182 million for the three months ended September 30, 2018, $40 million for the period September 1 through September 30, 2017 and $11 million for the period July 1 through August 31, 2017, respectively. The activity in the third quarter 2018 was primarily related to an $85 million impairment charge related to certain in-process research and development (“IPR&D") assets, a $41 million impairment charge related to the company's investment in nonconsolidated affiliates in China and a $61 million charge related to the Synergy Program. The charges for the period July 1 through August 31, 2017 and for the period September 1 through September 30, 2017 were primarily severance and related benefit costs related to the 2016 global cost savings and restructuring plan and the Synergy program, respectively.
Restructuring and asset related charges - net were $370 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2018, $40 million for the period September 1 through September 30, 2017 and $323 million for the period January 1 through August 31, 2017, respectively. The activity for the nine months ended September 30, 2018 was primarily related to the impairment charges described above as well as a $252 million charge related to the Synergy Program. The charge for the period January 1 through August 31, 2017 was comprised of $279 million of asset related charges and $44 million in severance and related benefit costs. The asset related charges primarily relate to the second quarter closure of the Cooper River manufacturing site located near Charleston, South Carolina as part of the 2017 restructuring program. The charge for the period September 1 through September 30, 2017 was primarily severance and related benefit costs as part of the Synergy Program.
See Notes 6 and 12 to the interim Consolidated Financial Statements for additional information.
Integration and Separation Costs
Integration and separation costs were $344 million and $926 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018, respectively, and $71 million for the period September 1 through September 30, 2017. In the Predecessor periods, integration and separation costs were included within SG&A. See Note 1 to the interim Consolidated Financial Statements for further discussion of the changes in presentation.
Goodwill Impairment Charge
For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018, the company recorded a pre-tax, non-cash impairment charge of $4,503 million in relation to an interim goodwill impairment test for its agriculture reporting unit. See Note 12 to the interim Consolidated Financial Statements for additional information regarding the company’s goodwill impairment charge.
Sundry Income (Expense) - Net
Sundry income (expense) - net was income of $52 million for the three months ended September 30, 2018, income of $121 million for the period September 1 through September 30, 2017 and expense of $183 million for the period July 1 through August 31, 2017, respectively. The three months ended September 30, 2018 includes a non-operating pension and other post employment benefit credit of $91 million, interest income of $13 million offset by a net exchange loss of $77 million. The periods September 1 through September 30, 2017 and July 1 through August 31, 2017 include net exchange gains (losses) of $77 million and $(195) million, respectively, and a non-operating pension and other post employment benefit credit (cost) of $34 million and $(70) million, respectively. The losses for the period July 1 through August 31, 2017 were offset by interest income of $26 million and royalty income of $11 million.
Sundry income (expense) - net was income of $293 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2018, income of $121 million for the period September 1 through September 30, 2017 and expense of $113 million for the period January 1 through August 31, 2017, respectively. The nine months ended September 30, 2018 includes a non-operating pension and other post employment benefit credit of $278 million, interest income of $71 million offset by a net exchange loss of $186 million. The periods September 1 through September 30, 2017 and January 1 through August 31, 2017 include net exchange gains (losses) of $77 million and $(394) million, respectively, and a non-operating pension and other post employment benefit credit (cost) of $34 million and $(278) million, respectively. The losses for the period January 1 through August 31, 2017 were offset by interest income of $83 million, royalty income of $84 million and a pre-tax gain of $162 million associated with the sale of the global food safety diagnostic business.
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The non-operating pension and other post employment benefit credits for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018 and for the period September 1 through September 30, 2017 were a result of the absence of the amortization of net losses from accumulated other comprehensive loss.
See Note 8 to the interim Consolidated Financial Statements for additional information.
Interest Expense
Interest expense was $82 million for the three months ended September 30, 2018, $27 million for the period September 1 through September 30, 2017 and $71 million for the period July 1 through August 31, 2017, respectively. Interest expense was $248 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2018, $27 million for the period September 1 through September 30, 2017 and $254 million for the period January 1 through August 31, 2017, respectively. The changes for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018 were primarily driven by debt amortization as a result of reflecting the company’s debt at fair value upon the effective date of the Merger, partially offset by higher average debt balances.
Provision for Income Taxes on Continuing Operations
The company’s provision for income taxes on continuing operations was $12 million for the third quarter 2018 on pre-tax loss from continuing operations of $4,948 million, resulting in an effective tax rate of (0.2) percent. Unfavorable effective tax rate impacts were attributable to the non-tax-deductible impairment charge for the agriculture reporting unit and corresponding $75 million tax charge associated with a valuation allowance recorded against the net deferred tax asset position of a legal entity in Brazil, costs associated with the Merger with Dow (including a $61 million net tax cost on repatriation activities to facilitate the Intended Business Separations), a tax charge of $26 million related to an internal entity restructuring associated with the Intended Business Separations, and the tax impact of certain net exchange losses recognized on the re-measurement of the net monetary asset positions which were not deductible in their local jurisdictions. The effective tax rate was favorably impacted by the reduction of the U.S. federal corporate income tax rate from 35 percent to 21 percent as well as the impacts related to the non-tax-deductible amortization of the fair value step-up in DuPont’s inventories as a result of the Merger. A third quarter 2018 U.S. discretionary pension contribution deducted on a 2017 tax return resulted in a tax benefit of $114 million associated with the reversal of a portion of the U.S. federal deferred tax remeasurement associated with The Act, offset partially by a tax charge of $27 million related to the reduction of a tax benefit recorded in 2017.
For the period from September 1 through September 30, 2017, the company’s effective tax of 7.7 percent on pre-tax loss from continuing operations of $298 million was impacted by geographic mix of earnings, the tax impact associated with amortization of the inventory-step up, as well as tax benefits on costs associated with the Merger with Dow and restructuring and asset related charges. Those impacts were partially offset by certain net exchange losses recognized on the remeasurement of the net monetary asset positions which were not tax deductible in their local jurisdictions.
For the periods from July 1 through August 31, 2017 and January 1 through August 31, 2017, the company’s effective tax rates were 33.8 percent and 8.3 percent on pre-tax (loss) income from continuing operations of $(390) million and $1,791 million, respectively. For the period from January 1 through August 31, 2017, the company’s effective tax rate was favorably impacted by geographic mix of earnings, certain net exchange gains recognized on the remeasurement of the net monetary asset positions which were not taxable in their local jurisdictions, net favorable tax consequences of the adoption of Financial Accounting Standards Board ("FASB") Accounting Standards Update ("ASU") No. 2016-09, Compensation - Stock Compensation (Topic 718), Improvements to Employee Share-Based Payment Accounting, tax benefits related to a reduction in the company’s unrecognized tax benefits due to the closure of various tax statutes of limitations, as well as tax benefits on costs associated with the Merger with Dow and restructuring and asset related charges. Those tax benefits were partially offset by the unfavorable tax consequences of non-deductible goodwill associated with the gain on the sale of the company’s global food safety diagnostics business in the first quarter 2017.
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The company’s provision for income taxes on continuing operations was $180 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2018 on pre-tax loss from continuing operations of $4,482 million, resulting in an effective tax rate of (4.0) percent. The non-tax-deductible impairment charge for the agriculture reporting unit and corresponding $75 million tax charge associated with a valuation allowance recorded against the net deferred tax asset position of a legal entity in Brazil, and an incremental net provisional charge of $70 million associated with the enactment of The Act had unfavorable consequences on the effective tax rate. The effective tax rate was also unfavorably impacted by non-tax-deductible amortization of the fair value step-up in DuPont’s inventories as a result of the Merger, costs associated with the Merger with Dow (including a $61 million net tax cost on repatriation activities to facilitate the Intended Business Separations), and a tax charge of $26 million related to an internal entity restructuring associated with the Intended Business Separations. These impacts were partially offset by favorable impacts associated with the reduction of the U.S. federal corporate income tax rate from 35 percent to 21 percent. Additionally, a third quarter 2018 U.S. discretionary pension contribution deducted on a 2017 tax return resulted in a tax benefit of $114 million associated with the reversal of a portion of the U.S. federal deferred tax remeasurement associated with The Act, offset partially by a tax charge of $27 million related to the reduction of a tax benefit recorded in 2017.
Recent Accounting Pronouncements
See Note 2 to the interim Consolidated Financial Statements for a description of recent accounting pronouncements.
Liquidity & Capital Resources
Information related to the company's liquidity and capital resources can be found in the company's 2017 Annual Report, Part II, Item 7. Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations, Liquidity and Capital Resources. Discussion below provides the updates to this information for the nine months ended September 30, 2018.

(Dollars in millions) | September 30, 2018 | December 31, 2017
Cash, cash equivalents and marketable securities | $ | 3,800 |  | $ | 8,202 |
Total debt | 14,568 |  | 13,070 |

The company's cash, cash equivalents and marketable securities at September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017 are $3.8 billion and $8.2 billion, respectively. The decrease of $4.4 billion was primarily due to funding the company’s seasonal working capital needs, the discretionary pension contribution, and distributions to DowDuPont.
Total debt at September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017 was $14.6 billion and $13.1 billion, respectively. The increase was due primarily to increased borrowings from commercial paper and the Repurchase Facility, and the new Term Loan Facility borrowing partially offset by the maturity of debt. The increase in debt was used primarily to fund seasonal working capital requirements.
The company believes its ability to generate cash from operations and access to capital markets will be adequate to meet anticipated cash requirements to fund its working capital, capital spending, debt maturities as well as distributions and other intercompany transfers to DowDuPont which relies on distributions from DuPont and Dow to fund payment of its costs and expenses. DuPont’s current strong financial position, liquidity and credit ratings continue to provide access as needed to the capital markets. The company's liquidity needs can be met through a variety of sources, including cash provided by operating activities, cash and cash equivalents, marketable securities, commercial paper, syndicated credit lines, bilateral credit lines, long-term debt markets, bank financing, committed receivable repurchase facilities and asset sales.
In May 2017, the company completed an underwritten public offering of $1.25 billion of the company's 2.20 percent Notes due 2020 and $750 million of the company's Floating Rate Notes due 2020 (the "May 2017 Debt Offering"). The proceeds from this offering were used to make a discretionary pension contribution to the company's principal U.S. pension plan.
The company's indenture covenants include customary limitations on liens, sale and leaseback transactions, and mergers and consolidations affecting manufacturing plants, mineral producing properties or research facilities located in the U.S. and the consolidated subsidiaries owning such plants, properties and facilities subject to certain limitations. The outstanding long-term debt also contains customary default provisions. In addition, the company will be required to redeem all of the Notes associated with the May 2017 Debt Offering at a redemption price equal to 100 percent of the aggregate principal amount plus any accrued and unpaid interest upon the announcement of the record date for the separation of either the agriculture or specialty products business, or the entry into an agreement to sell all or substantially all of the assets of either business to a third party.
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In March 2016, the company entered into a credit agreement that provides for a three-year, senior unsecured term loan facility in the aggregate principal amount of $4.5 billion (as may be amended, from time to time, the "Term Loan Facility") under which DuPont may make up to seven term loan borrowings and amounts repaid or prepaid are not available for subsequent borrowings. The proceeds from the borrowings under the Term Loan Facility will be used for the company's general corporate purposes including debt repayment, working capital and funding a portion of DowDuPont's costs and expenses. The Term Loan Facility was amended in 2018 to extend the maturity date to June 2020, at which time all outstanding borrowings, including accrued but unpaid interest, become immediately due and payable, and to extend the date on which the commitment to lend terminates to June 2019. At September 30, 2018, the company had made four term loan borrowings in an aggregate principal amount of $2.0 billion and had unused commitments of $2.5 billion under the Term Loan Facility. In addition, in 2018 the company amended its $3.0 billion revolving credit facility to extend the maturity date to June 2020.
The Term Loan Facility and the revolving credit facility contain customary representations and warranties, affirmative and negative covenants, and events of default that are typical for companies with similar credit ratings and generally consistent with those applicable to DuPont’s long-term public debt. The Term Loan Facility and the revolving credit facility contain a financial covenant requiring that the ratio of Total Indebtedness to Total Capitalization for DuPont and its consolidated subsidiaries not exceed 0.6667. At September 30, 2018, the company was in compliance with this financial covenant.
The Term Loan Facility and the revolving credit facility will terminate, and the loans and other amounts thereunder would become due and payable, upon the sale, transfer, lease or other disposition of all or substantially all of the assets of the agriculture product line to DowDuPont, its shareholders or any of its non-DuPont subsidiaries.
In February 2018, in line with seasonal agricultural working capital requirements, the company entered into a committed receivable repurchase agreement of up to $1.3 billion (the "2018 Repurchase Facility") which expires in December 2018. From time to time, the company and the banks modify the monthly commitment amounts to better align with working capital requirements. Under the 2018 Repurchase Facility, the company may sell a portfolio of available and eligible outstanding customer notes receivables within the agriculture product line to participating institutions and simultaneously agree to repurchase at a future date. See further discussion of this facility in Note 13 to the interim Consolidated Financial Statements.
The company has access to approximately $6.1 billion in committed and uncommitted unused credit lines compared to $6.7 billion as of December 31, 2017. These unused credit lines provide support to meet the company’s short-term liquidity needs and for general corporate purposes which may include funding of discretionary and non-discretionary contributions to certain benefit plans, severance payments, repayment and refinancing of debt, working capital, capital expenditures, repurchases and redemptions of securities, and funding a portion of DowDuPont's costs and expenses.
The company's cash, cash equivalents and marketable securities at September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017 are $3.8 billion and $8.2 billion, respectively, of which $3.5 billion at September 30, 2018 and $7.9 billion at December 31, 2017 was held by subsidiaries in foreign countries, including United States territories. The company is currently evaluating the impact of The Act on its permanent reinvestment assertion. The Act requires companies to pay a one-time transition tax on earnings of foreign subsidiaries, a majority of which were previously considered permanently reinvested by the company (see Note 9 to the interim Consolidated Financial Statements for further details of The Act). A tax liability has been accrued for the estimated U.S. federal tax on all unrepatriated earnings as of December 31, 2017 in accordance with The Act. The cash held by foreign subsidiaries for permanent reinvestment is generally used to finance the subsidiaries' operational activities and future foreign investments. The company has the ability to repatriate additional funds to the US, which could result in an adjustment to the tax liability for foreign withholding taxes, foreign and/or U.S. state income taxes and the impact of foreign currency movements. During 2018, the company has and expects to continue repatriating certain funds from its foreign subsidiaries that are not needed to finance local operations or separation activities. During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018, the company has recorded tax expense of $61 million associated with these repatriation activities.
During the period January 1 through August 31, 2017, the company made contributions of $2.9 billion to its principal U.S. pension plan funded through a debt offering in May of 2017; short-term borrowings, including commercial paper issuance; and cash. The company made a discretionary contribution of $1.1 billion in the third quarter of 2018 to its principal U.S. pension plan, primarily through cash balances. The decision to make the discretionary contribution took into account tax deductible limits as well as capital structure considerations.
Summary of Cash Flows
Cash used for operating activities was $2.6 billion for the nine months ended September 30, 2018 compared to $0.3 billion for the period September 1 through September 30, 2017 and $3.9 billion for the period January 1 through August 31, 2017. The decrease was due to higher pension contributions in 2017.
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Cash used for investing activities was $0.2 billion for the nine months ended September 30, 2018 compared to $0.9 billion provided by investing activities for the period September 1 through September 30, 2017 and $2.4 billion used for investing activities for the period January 1 through August 31, 2017. The change was due primarily to decreased purchases of marketable securities.
Cash used for financing activities was $0.9 billion for the nine months ended September 30, 2018 compared to $0.2 billion provided by financing activities for the period September 1 through September 30, 2017 and $5.6 billion provided by financing activities for the period January 1 through August 31, 2017. The change was due primarily to higher borrowings in 2017 related to pension contributions and increased distributions to DowDuPont to support 2018 share repurchases.
As of the consummation of the Merger, shares of DuPont common stock held publicly were redeemed and DuPont's common stock is owned solely by its parent company, DowDuPont. DuPont's preferred stock remains issued and outstanding, and DuPont continues to be responsible for dividends on its preferred stock; however, the obligation is not material to the company's liquidity. Dividend payments to shareholders of DuPont preferred stock totaled $7.0 million in the nine months ended September 30, 2018.
DowDuPont relies on distributions and other intercompany transfers from DuPont and Dow to fund payment of its costs and expenses. In November 2017, DowDuPont's Board of Directors authorized an initial $4 billion share repurchase program to buy back shares of DowDuPont common stock. The $4 billion share repurchase program was completed in the third quarter of 2018. In February, April and June 2018, the Board declared first, second and third quarter dividends per share of DowDuPont common stock payable on March 15, 2018, June 15, 2018 and September 14, 2018, respectively. For the nine months ended September 30, 2018, DuPont declared and paid distributions to DowDuPont of about $2.5 billion, primarily to fund a portion of DowDuPont's first, second and third quarter share repurchases and dividend payments.
On October 11, 2018, DowDuPont declared a dividend of $0.38 per share, payable on December 14, 2018, to its shareholders of record on November 30, 2018. DuPont’s amount of this shareholder dividend has not yet been determined. The company expects to declare and pay a dividend to DowDuPont in December 2018.
On November 1, 2018, DowDuPont announced a new $3 billion share buyback program, which expires on March 31, 2019 - commensurate with the expected timing of the materials science spin-off.
Guarantees and Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements
For detailed information related to Guarantees, Indemnifications, and Obligations for Equity Affiliates and Others, see the company's 2017 Annual Report, Part II, Item 7. Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations, Off- Balance Sheet Arrangements, and Note 14 to the interim Consolidated Financial Statements.
Critical Accounting Estimates
The company's significant accounting policies are more fully described in Note 1 in the company's 2017 Annual Report. Management believes that the application of these policies on a consistent basis enables the company to provide the users of the financial statements with useful and reliable information about the company's operating results and financial condition.
Valuation of Assets and Impairment Considerations
The company’s assets and liabilities were measured at fair value as of the date of the Merger, and as a result, any declines in projected cash flows could have a material, negative impact on the fair value of the company's reporting units and assets and therefore result in an impairment. Goodwill and indefinite-lived intangible assets are tested for impairment annually during the fourth quarter or more frequently when events or changes in circumstances indicate that the fair value is below its carrying value. As previously disclosed in the Form 10-Q for the quarter ended June 30, 2018, the company commenced strategic business reviews during the third quarter 2018 and assembled updated cash flow projections. The revised cash flow projections of the agriculture reporting unit assessed and quantified the impacts of developing market conditions, events and circumstances previously discussed by DowDuPont that have evolved throughout 2018, resulting in a reduction in the forecasts of sales and profitability as compared to prior forecasts. The reduction in cash flow projections was principally driven by lower growth in sales and margins in North America and Latin America and unfavorable currency impacts related to the Brazilian real. The lower growth is driven by reduced planted area, an expected unfavorable shift to soybeans from corn in Latin America, and delays in expected product registrations. In addition, decrease in commodity prices and higher than anticipated industry grain inventories are expected to impact farmers’ income and buying choices resulting in shifts to lower technologies and pricing pressure.
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The company considered the combination of these factors and the resulting reduction in its forecasted projections for the agriculture reporting unit and determined it was more likely than not that the fair value of the agriculture reporting unit was less than the carrying value, thus requiring the performance of an updated goodwill and intangible asset impairment analysis for the agriculture reporting unit as of September 30, 2018. In performing the interim impairment analysis, the company determined the appropriate measure of fair value was a form of the income approach using a discounted cash flow model. The result of the impairment test indicated that the fair value of the agriculture reporting unit was lower than the carrying value, resulting in a $4.5 billion pre-tax (and after-tax) goodwill impairment charge. The key assumption driving the change in fair value was the lower financial projections. The company also performed an impairment test on indefinite-lived intangibles and determined that the fair value of certain IPR&D assets had declined as a result of delays in timing of commercialization and increases to expected research and development costs. This resulted in a pre-tax impairment charge of $85 million ($66 million after-tax). The assumptions and estimates used in determining the fair values of this reporting unit and its indefinite-lived intangibles contain uncertainties, and any changes to these assumptions and estimates could have a negative impact and result in a future impairment. For further information see Notes 6, 12 and 18 the interim Consolidated Financial Statements.
With the exception of the agriculture reporting unit, there were no other indicators for the company’s other reporting units that would suggest that it is more likely than not that the fair value is less than its carrying value at September 30, 2018. Due to the carrying value and fair value of these reporting units being equal at the date of the Merger resulting in little, if any, margin of fair value in excess of carrying value, the company believes these reporting units are at risk to have impairment charges in future periods. The dynamic economic environments in which the company's diversified product lines operate, and key economic and product line assumptions with respect to projected selling prices, market growth and inflation rates, can significantly affect the outcome of impairment tests. Estimates based on these assumptions may differ significantly from actual results. Changes in factors, circumstances and assumptions used in assessing potential impairments can have a significant impact on the existence and magnitude of impairments, as well as the time in which such impairments are recognized.
The company’s goodwill and indefinite-lived intangibles by reporting unit at September 30, 2018 is shown below (in millions):

Reporting Unit | Goodwill | Indefinite-Lived Intangible Assets
Agriculture | $ | 8,859 |  | $ | 8,663 |
Electronics and Communications | 4,073 |  | 495 |
Protection Solutions | 5,570 |  | 260 |
Nutrition and Health | 8,859 |  | 1,436 |
Transportation and Advanced Polymers | 6,395 |  | 310 |
Packaging and Specialty Plastics | 3,596 |  | — |
Industrial Biosciences | 3,175 |  | 404 |
Clean Tech | 461 |  | — |
Total | $ | 40,988 |  | $ | 11,568 |

For further detailed information related to valuation of assets and impairment considerations, see the company’s 2017 Annual Report, Part II, Item 7. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations, Critical Accounting Estimates.
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Contractual Obligations
Information related to the company's contractual obligations at December 31, 2017 can be found in the company's 2017 Annual Report, Part II, Item 7. Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations, Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements. With the exception of the item below, there have been no material changes in the company's contractual obligations since December 31, 2017.

|  | Payments Due In
(Dollars in millions) | Total at September 30, 2018 | Remainder of 2018 | 2019-2020 | 2021-2022 | 2023 and beyond
Purchase obligations |  |  |  |  |
Raw material obligations | $ | 1,951 |  | $ | 493 |  | $ | 761 |  | $ | 678 |  | $ | 19 |
Other liabilities |  |  |  |  |
Pension and other post employment benefits | $ | 6,517 |  | $ | 125 |  | $ | 760 |  | $ | 669 |  | $ | 4,963 |

Item 3. | QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK

The Registrant meets the conditions set forth in General Instruction H(1)(a) and (b) of Form 10-Q (as modified by a grant of no-action relief dated February 12, 2018) and is therefore filing this form with the reduced disclosure format and has omitted the information called for by this Item pursuant to General Instruction H(2)(c) of Form 10-Q.
Item 4. CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES
a) Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures
The company maintains a system of disclosure controls and procedures to give reasonable assurance that information required to be disclosed in the company's reports filed or submitted under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 ("Exchange Act") is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the rules and forms of the Securities and Exchange Commission. These controls and procedures also give reasonable assurance that information required to be disclosed in such reports is accumulated and communicated to management to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosures.
As of September 30, 2018, the company's Chief Executive Officer ("CEO")" and Chief Financial Officer ("CFO"), together with management, conducted an evaluation of the effectiveness of the company's disclosure controls and procedures pursuant to Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) of the Exchange Act. Based on that evaluation, the CEO and CFO concluded that these disclosure controls and procedures are effective.
b) Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting
There has been no change in the company's internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the quarter ended September 30, 2018 that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the company's internal control over financial reporting.
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PART II. OTHER INFORMATION

Item 1. | LEGAL PROCEEDINGS

The company is subject to various litigation matters, including, but not limited to, product liability, patent infringement, antitrust claims, and claims for third party property damage or personal injury stemming from alleged environmental torts. Information regarding certain of these matters is set forth below and in Note 14 to the interim Consolidated Financial Statements.
Litigation
PFOA: Environmental and Litigation Proceedings
For purposes of this report, the term PFOA means collectively perfluorooctanoic acid and its salts, including the ammonium salt
and does not distinguish between the two forms. Information related to this matter is included in Note 14 to the interim Consolidated Financial Statements under the heading PFOA.
Fayetteville Works Facility, Fayetteville, North Carolina
In August 2017, the U.S. Attorney’s Office for the Eastern District of North Carolina served the company with a grand jury subpoena for testimony and the production of documents related to alleged discharges of GenX from the Fayetteville Works facility into the Cape Fear River. DuPont has been served with additional subpoenas relating to the same issue and in the second quarter 2018, received a subpoena expanding the scope to any PFCs discharged from the Fayetteville Works facility into the Cape Fear River. Additional information related to this matter is included in Note 14 to the interim Consolidated Financial Statements under the heading Fayetteville Works Facility, North Carolina.
La Porte Plant, La Porte, Texas - Crop Protection - Release Incident Investigations
On November 15, 2014, there was a release of methyl mercaptan at the company’s La Porte facility. The release occurred at the site’s Crop Protection unit resulting in four employee fatalities inside the unit. DuPont continues to cooperate with governmental agencies, including the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency ("EPA"), the Chemical Safety Board and the Department of Justice ("DOJ"), which are still conducting investigations. These investigations could result in sanctions and civil or criminal penalties against the company. In the second quarter 2018, DuPont, the DOJ and EPA reached a resolution-in-principle, for $3.1 million, regarding certain EPA civil claims. The resolution-in-principle was approved by the court in the third quarter 2018 and has been paid.
Environmental Proceedings
The company believes it is remote that the following matters will have a material impact on its financial position, liquidity or results of operations. The descriptions are included per Regulation S-K, Item 103(5)(c) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934.
Divested Neoprene Facility, La Place, Louisiana - EPA Compliance Inspection
In 2016, EPA conducted a focused compliance investigation at the Denka Performance Elastomer LLC (“Denka”) neoprene manufacturing facility in La Place, Louisiana. DuPont sold the neoprene business, including this manufacturing facility, to Denka in the fourth quarter of 2015. Subsequent to this inspection, EPA, DOJ, Louisiana Department of Environmental Quality ("LDEQ"), DuPont and Denka began discussions in the spring of 2017 relating to the inspection conclusions and allegations of noncompliance arising under the Clean Air Act, including leak detection and repair. These discussions, which include potential settlement options, continue.
Item 1A. RISK FACTORS
There have been no material changes in the company's risk factors discussed in Part I, Item 1A, Risk Factors, in the company's 2017 Annual Report.
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Item 5. OTHER INFORMATION
In anticipation of and to facilitate the Intended Business Separations post the merger with Dow, DuPont is planning for the internal separation of the three businesses, both domestically and internationally, through a series of transactions that are intended to be tax-efficient from both a United States and foreign perspective (collectively, the "DuPont Internal Separations"). See Note 1 to the interim Consolidated Financial Statements for more information regarding the merger and the Intended Business Separations. The DuPont Internal Separations are currently expected to consist of two phases: (i) a series of internal transactions undertaken by DuPont to separate the businesses underneath DuPont including multiple distributions intended to qualify as tax-free spinoffs for United States tax purposes under Section 355 of the Internal Revenue Code, followed by (ii) internal distributions by DuPont, as a subsidiary of DowDuPont, to DowDuPont of entities owning collectively the businesses to be owned by the two intended independent companies as opposed to DuPont, which distributions are intended to qualify as tax-free spinoffs for United States tax purposes under Section 355 of the Internal Revenue Code. As part of the DuPont Internal Separations, through transactions that include distributions intended to qualify as tax-free spinoffs for United States tax purposes under Section 355 of the Internal Revenue Code, DuPont also currently expects to separate more fully the internal legal structure of specialty products into electronics and imaging, industrial biosciences, nutrition and health, safety and construction, and transportation and advanced polymers so that each is owned by a separate intermediate corporation owned, in turn, by DowDuPont.
The DuPont Internal Separations are expected to occur in the United States and in (or involving entities domiciled in) various jurisdictions, including (but not limited to) Australia, Brazil, Canada, China, Colombia, France, Hong Kong, India, Japan, Korea, Luxembourg, Mexico, Netherlands, Russia, Singapore, Spain, Switzerland, Taiwan, Thailand, and Turkey. Following the completion of the DuPont Internal Separations, DuPont expects that DowDuPont will effectuate the Intended Business Separations, pending DowDuPont Board approval, by means of distributions to its public shareholders of the capital stock of two entities each owning businesses currently owned by DuPont, in distributions intended to qualify as tax-free spinoffs for United States tax purposes under Section 355 of the Internal Revenue Code.
The DuPont subsidiaries, or their successors, that are anticipated to be distributing corporations in the DuPont Internal Separations (each in one or more tax-free spinoffs for United States tax purposes under Section 355 of the Internal Revenue Code) include the following: New Asia Holdco B.V.; DuPont China Holding Company Limited; DuPont China, Ltd.; SP International Holding 4 BV; DuPont de Nemours (France) S.A.S.; E.I. DuPont India Private Limited; DuPont Kabushiki Kaisha; DuPont Specialty Products KK; DuPont - Toray Company, Ltd; Du Pont Company (Singapore) Pte Ltd; DuPont Taiwan Ltd; DuPont International BV; DuPont Textiles & Interiors Delaware, Ltd; DuPont (Thailand) Co, Ltd; DuPont do Brasil S.A.; DuPont Holdco Spain III SL; DuPont de Colombia, S.A ; DuPont Mexicana, S de RL de CV; DuPont Corporaciones S de RL de CV; DuPont Latin America, Inc; DuPont Science and Technologies LLC; DuPont Asturias, S.L.; DuPont de Nemours International S.a.r.l; DuPont Technology (Luxembourg) S.a.r.l; DPC (Luxembourg) S.a.r.l; DuPont Contern (Luxembourg) S.a.r.l; DuPont Acquisition (Luxembourg) S.a.r.l; DuPont Holding Netherlands BV; DuPont C.H. (f/k/a DuPont Korea Y.H).; SP Korea, LLC; DuPont Operations Inc; E&C EMEA Holding 2 BV; E&C International Holding; E&C EMEA Holding BV; SP EMEA Holding 8 BV; DuPont Chemical and Energy Operations, Inc; Danisco Holding USA Inc; E. I. du Pont de Nemours and Company; PM Diamond, Inc; 1811324 Ontario Limited, Hickory Holdings, Inc.; DuPont Asia Pacific, Inc., and Pioneer Hi-Bred International, Inc.

Item 6. | EXHIBITS

Exhibits: The list of exhibits in the Exhibit Index to this report is incorporated herein by reference.
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SIGNATURE
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.

| E. I. DU PONT DE NEMOURS AND COMPANY
| (Registrant)
| Date: | November 2, 2018
| By: | /s/ Gregory R. Friedman
|  | Gregory R. Friedman
|  | Vice President and
|  | Chief Financial Officer
|  | (As Duly Authorized Officer and
|  | Principal Financial Officer)

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EXHIBIT INDEX

Exhibit Number |  | Description
3.1 |  | Company’s Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 to the company’s Current Report on Form 8-K (Commission file number 1-815) dated September 1, 2017).
3.2 |  | Company’s Amended and Restated Bylaws (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.2 to the company's Current Report on Form 8-K (Commission file number 1-815) for the period ended September 1, 2017).
4 |  | The Company agrees to provide the Commission, on request, copies of instruments defining the rights of holders of long-term debt of the company and its subsidiaries.
10.1** |  | Separation Agreement by and between the Company and The Chemours Company (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 2.1 to the company's Current Report on Form 8-K (Commission file number 1-815) dated July 8, 2015).
10.2 |  | Amendment No. 1 to Separation Agreement by and between the Company and The Chemours Company, dated August 24, 2017 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 2.1 to the company's Current Report on Form 8-K (Commission file number 1-815) dated August 25, 2017).
10.3 |  | Tax Matters Agreement by and between the Company and The Chemours Company (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 2.2 to the company's Current Report on Form 8-K (Commission file number 1-815) dated July 8, 2015).
10.4** |  | Master Repurchase Agreement by and among Cooperatieve Rabobank, U.A. (New York Branch), The Bank of Tokyo Mitsubishi UFJ Ltd. (New York Branch) and PHI Financial Services, Inc., dated as of February 13, 2018 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.4 to the company's Annual Report on Form 10-K (Commission file number 1-815) for the period ended December 31, 2017).
10.5** |  | Master Framework Agreement by and among Cooperatieve Rabobank, U.A. (New York Branch), The Bank of Tokyo Mitsubishi UFJ Ltd. (New York Branch) and PHI Financial Services, Inc. dated as of February 13, 2018 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.5 to the company's Annual Report on Form 10-K (Commission file number 1-815) for the period ended December 31, 2017).
10.8** |  | Transaction Agreement, dated as of March 31, 2017, by and between the Company and FMC Corporation (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.25 to the Company’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q (Commission file number 1-815) for the period ended March 31, 2017).
10.9** |  | Purchase Price Allocation Side Letter Agreement, dated as of May 12, 2017, by and between the Company and FMC Corporation (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.26 to the Company’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q (Commission file number 1-815) for the period ended June 30, 2017).
10.10* |  | Employment Agreement by and between the Company and Edward D. Breen, dated as of August 31, 2017, (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Company's Current Report on Form 8-K (Commission file number 1-815) dated September 1, 2017).
10.11* |  | The E. I. du Pont de Nemours and Company Equity Incentive Plan, incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.1 to DowDuPont Inc. Registration Statement on Form S-8 filed September 1, 2017.
10.12* |  | The E. I. du Pont de Nemours and Company Stock Performance Plan, incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.2 to DowDuPont Inc. Registration Statement on Form S-8 filed September 1, 2017.
10.13* |  | The E. I. du Pont de Nemours and Company Management Deferred Compensation Plan, incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.3 to DowDuPont Inc. Registration Statement on Form S-8 filed September 1, 2017.
10.14* |  | The E. I. du Pont de Nemours and Company Stock Accumulation and Deferred Compensation Plan for Directors, incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.4 to DowDuPont Inc. Registration Statement on Form S-8 filed September 1, 2017.
10.15* |  | DuPont’s Pension Restoration Plan, as last amended effective June 29, 2015 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.3 to the Company’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q (Commission file number 1-815) for the period ended June 30, 2015).
10.16* |  | DuPont’s Supplemental Retirement Income Plan, as last amended effective December 18, 1996 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.2 to the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K (Commission file number 1-815) for the year ended December 31, 2011).
10.17* |  | DuPont’s Rules for Lump Sum Payments, as last amended effective May 15, 2014 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.4 to the Company’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q (Commission file number 1-815) for the period ended June 30, 2015).
10.18* |  | DuPont’s Retirement Savings Restoration Plan, as last amended effective May 15, 2014. (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.08 to the Company’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q (Commission file number 1-815) for the period ended June 30, 2014).

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10.19* |  | DuPont’s Retirement Income Plan for Directors, as last amended January 2011 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.9 to the Company’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q (Commission file number 1-815) for the period ended March 31, 2012).
10.20** |  | DuPont's Senior Executive Severance Plan, as amended and restated effective December 10, 2015 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.10 to the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K (Commission file number 1-815) for the year ended December 31, 2015).
12 |  | Computation of Ratio of Earnings to Fixed Charges.
31.1 |  | Rule 13a-14(a)/15d-14(a) Certification of the company’s Principal Executive Officer.
31.2 |  | Rule 13a-14(a)/15d-14(a) Certification of the company’s Principal Financial Officer.
32.1 |  | Section 1350 Certification of the company’s Principal Executive Officer. The information contained in this Exhibit shall not be deemed filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission nor incorporated by reference in any registration statement filed by the registrant under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended.
32.2 |  | Section 1350 Certification of the company’s Principal Financial Officer. The information contained in this Exhibit shall not be deemed filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission nor incorporated by reference in any registration statement filed by the registrant under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended.
101.INS |  | XBRL Instance Document
101.SCH |  | XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document
101.CAL |  | XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document
101.DEF |  | XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document
101.LAB |  | XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document
101.PRE |  | XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document

* | Management contract or compensatory plan or arrangement.
** | DuPont hereby undertakes to furnish supplementally a copy of any omitted schedule or exhibit, and amendments or modifications thereto, to such agreement to the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission upon request.

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