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Summary of Significant Accounting Policies
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2019
Accounting Policies [Abstract]  
Summary of Significant Accounting Policies Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

Principles of Consolidation

The consolidated financial statements include the accounts of the Company and subsidiaries in which it has a controlling interest, and variable interest entities of which the Company is the primary beneficiary. The equity method of accounting is applied when the Company does not have a controlling interest in an entity but exerts significant influence over the entity. All significant intercompany balances and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation.

Use of Estimates

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenues and expenses, and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities in the financial statements. Such estimates include, but are not limited to, the Company's estimates in connection with leasing equipment, including residual values and depreciable lives, values of assets held for sale and other long lived assets, provision for income tax, allowance for doubtful accounts, share-based compensation, goodwill and intangible assets. Actual results could differ from those estimates.

Segment Reporting

The Company conducts its business activities in one industry, intermodal transportation equipment, and has two reporting segments, Equipment leasing and Equipment trading. The Company also segregates total equipment leasing revenues and total equipment trading revenues by geographic location based upon the primary domicile of the Company's customers.

Concentration of Credit Risk

The Company's equipment lease and trade receivables subject it to potential credit risk. The Company extends credit to its customers based upon an evaluation of each customer's financial condition and credit history. Evaluations of the financial condition and associated credit risk of customers are performed on an ongoing basis. The Company's largest customer, CMA CGM S.A., accounted for 21%, 20%, and 19% of its lease billings during 2019, 2018, and 2017, respectively, and accounted for 21% and 29% of its accounts receivable as of December 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively. The Company's second largest customer, Mediterranean Shipping Company S.A. accounted for 14% of its lease billings each year during 2019, 2018, and 2017, and accounted for 6% and 5% of its accounts receivable as of December 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively.
 
Other financial instruments that are exposed to concentration of credit risk are cash and cash equivalents, and restricted cash balances. Cash and cash equivalents, and restricted cash are held with financial institutions of high quality. Balances may exceed the amount of insurance provided on such deposits.




Fair Value Measurements

Fair value represents the price that would be received upon the sale of an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. The determination of fair value may require an entity to make significant judgments or develop assumptions about market participants to reflect risks specific to the asset being valued. The Company uses the following fair value hierarchy when selecting inputs for its valuation techniques, with the highest priority given to Level 1:
Level 1—quoted prices (unadjusted) in active markets for identical assets or liabilities;
Level 2—inputs other than quoted prices included within Level 1 that are either directly or indirectly observable; and
Level 3—unobservable inputs in which little or no market activity exists, therefore requiring an entity to develop its own assumptions about the assumptions that market participants would use in pricing.

Cash and cash equivalents, restricted cash, accounts receivable, equipment purchases payable and accounts payable carrying amounts approximate fair values because of the short-term nature of these instruments. The Company's other financial and non-financial assets, which include leasing equipment, net investment in finance leases, intangible assets and goodwill, are not required to be measured at fair value on a recurring basis. However, if certain triggering events occur, or if an annual impairment test is required, and the Company determines that these other financial and non-financial assets are impaired after completing an evaluation, these assets would be written down to their fair value.

For information on the fair value of equipment held for sale, debt, and the fair value of derivative instruments, please refer to Note 3 - "Equipment Held for Sale", Note 6 - "Debt" and Note 7 - "Derivative Instruments", respectively.

Cash and Cash Equivalents

Cash and cash equivalents consist of all cash balances and highly liquid investments having original maturities of three months or less at the time of purchase.

Restricted Cash

The Company's restricted cash relates to amounts held at financial institutions pursuant to certain debt arrangements. The restricted cash balances represent cash proceeds collected and required to be used to pay debt service and other related expenses.

Allowance for Doubtful Accounts

The Company's allowance for doubtful accounts is estimated based upon a review of the collectibility of its receivables. This review is based on the risk profile of the receivables, credit quality indicators such as the level of past-due amounts and economic conditions. Generally, the Company does not require collateral on accounts receivable balances. An account is considered past due when a payment has not been received in accordance with the contractual terms. Changes in economic conditions or other events may necessitate additions or deductions to the allowance for doubtful accounts. The allowance for doubtful accounts is intended to provide for losses in the receivables, and requires the application of estimates and judgments as to the outcome of collection efforts, among other things. The Company believes its allowance for doubtful accounts is adequate to provide for credit losses inherent in its existing receivables.

To the extent amounts are expected to be recoverable from insurance policies, the Company records a receivable based on amounts incurred not to exceed insurance limits.

The Company experienced a major lessee default in 2016 when Hanjin Shipping Co. ("Hanjin"), a lessee of the Company, filed for court protection and immediately began a liquidation process. The impact of the Hanjin liquidation was significantly lessened by credit insurance policies in place which covered the majority of the recovery costs, the value of the containers that were unrecoverable and a portion of the lost lease revenue. The insurance policies did not cover Triton's pre-default receivables. The Company recorded a gain of $6.8 million to insurance recovery income within operating expenses for the year ended December 31, 2017. The net gain represents insurance proceeds received in excess of recovery costs incurred and the net book value of those units written off as unrecoverable.

Net Investment in Finance Leases

The Company has entered into various lease agreements that qualify as direct financing leases or sales-type leases. These
leases are usually long-term in nature, typically ranging for a period of three to twelve years, and typically include an option to purchase the equipment at the end of the lease term at a bargain purchase price. At the inception of a direct financing lease or a sales-type lease, a net investment is recorded based on the gross investment (representing the total future minimum lease payments plus the estimated residual value), net of unearned income. Unearned income represents the excess of the gross investment over the fair value of the leased equipment at lease inception.

When the subject containers fair value differ from book value at the commencement of a lease, the Company may defer the recognition of gains depending on whether the lease is classified as a sales-type or direct financing lease, but will recognize losses at inception.

Leasing Equipment

The Company purchases new equipment from equipment manufacturers for the purpose of leasing such equipment to customers. The Company also purchases used equipment with the intention of selling such equipment in one or more years from the date of purchase.

Leasing equipment is recorded at cost and depreciated to an estimated residual value on a straight-line basis over the estimated useful lives. Capitalized costs for new container rental equipment include the manufactured cost of the container, inspection, delivery, and associated costs incurred in moving the container from the manufacturer to the initial on-hire location of such container. Repair and maintenance costs that do not extend the lives of the container rental equipment are charged to direct operating expenses at the time the costs are incurred.

The estimated useful lives and residual values of the Company's leasing equipment are based on historical disposal experience and the Company's expectations for future used container sale prices. The Company evaluates estimates used in its depreciation policy on a regular basis to determine whether changes have taken place that would suggest that a change in its depreciation estimates for useful lives or the assigned residual values of its equipment is warranted. For 2019, the Company completed its annual depreciation policy assessment during the fourth quarter and concluded no change was necessary.
 
The estimated useful lives and residual values for each major equipment type for the periods indicated below were as follows:
 
As of December 31, 2019 and 2018
Equipment Type
Depreciable Life
 
Residual Value
Dry containers
 
 
 
20-foot dry container
13 years
 
$
1,000

40-foot dry container
13 years
 
$
1,200

40-foot high cube dry container
13 years
 
$
1,400

Refrigerated containers
 
 
 
20-foot refrigerated container
12 years
 
$
2,350

40-foot high cube refrigerated container
12 years
 
$
3,350

Special containers
 
 
 
40-foot flat rack container
16 years
 
$
1,700

40-foot open top container
16 years
 
$
2,300

Tank containers
20 years
 
$
3,000

Chassis
20 years
 
$
1,200



Depreciation on leasing equipment commences on the date of initial on-hire.

For leasing equipment purchased for resale that may be leased for a period of time, the Company adjusts its estimates for remaining useful life and residual values based on current conditions in the sales market for older containers and the Company's expectations for how long the equipment will remain on-hire to the current lessee.






The net book value of the Company's leasing equipment by equipment type as of the dates indicated was (in thousands):
 
 
December 31, 2019
 
December 31, 2018
Dry container
 
$
6,308,038

 
$
6,666,560

Refrigerated container
 
1,520,747

 
1,676,331

Special container
 
321,099

 
322,607

Tank container
 
101,677

 
107,284

Chassis
 
140,986

 
150,669

Total
 
$
8,392,547

 
$
8,923,451


Included in the amounts above are units not on lease at December 31, 2019 and 2018 with a total net book value of $721.7 million and $551.1 million, respectively. Depreciation on equipment purchased under finance lease obligations is included in depreciation and amortization expense on the consolidated statements of operations.

Valuation of Leasing Equipment

Leasing equipment is evaluated for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that its carrying value may not be recoverable. Recoverability of an asset to be held and used is measured by a comparison of the carrying value to its estimated undiscounted future cash flows expected to be generated by the asset. If the carrying value of an asset exceeds its estimated undiscounted future cash flows, an impairment charge is recognized in the amount by which the carrying value of the asset exceeds the fair value of the asset. Key indicators of impairment on leasing equipment include, among other factors, a sustained decrease in operating profitability, a sustained decrease in utilization, or indications of technological obsolescence.

When testing for impairment, leasing equipment is generally grouped by equipment type, and is tested separately from other groups of assets and liabilities. Some of the significant estimates and assumptions used to determine future undiscounted cash flows and the measurement for impairment are the remaining useful life, expected utilization, expected future lease rates and expected disposal prices of the equipment. The Company considers the assumptions on expected utilization and the remaining useful life to have the greatest impact on its estimate of future undiscounted cash flows. These estimates are principally based on the Company's historical experience and management's judgment of market conditions.

The Company did not record any impairment charges related to leasing equipment for the years ended December 31, 2019, 2018, and 2017.

Equipment Held for Sale

When leasing equipment is returned off lease, the Company makes a determination of whether to repair and re-lease the equipment or sell the equipment. At the time the Company determines that equipment will be sold, it reclassifies the appropriate amounts previously recorded as leasing equipment to equipment held for sale. Equipment held for sale is carried at the lower of its estimated fair value less costs to sell or carrying value. Depreciation expense on equipment held for sale is halted and disposals generally occur within 90 days. Initial write downs of equipment held for sale to fair value are recorded as an impairment charge and are included in net gain on sale of leasing equipment. Subsequent increases or decreases to the fair value of those assets are recorded as adjustments to the carrying value of the equipment held for sale, however, any such adjustments may not exceed the respective equipment's carrying value at the time it was initially classified as held for sale. Realized gains and losses resulting from the sale of equipment held for sale are recorded in net gain on sale of leasing equipment, and cash flows associated with the disposal of equipment held for sale are classified as cash flows from investing activities.

Operating Leases

The Company leases office space and office equipment and evaluates whether these leases are classified as operating or financing at the inception of the lease. The classification is based on certain assumptions that require judgment, such as the asset's fair value, the asset's estimated residual value, the interest rate implicit in the lease, and the asset's economic useful life.

For operating leases, the Company records a lease liability based on the present value of the remaining minimum payments and a corresponding right-of-use ("ROU") asset. The Company uses its estimated incremental borrowing rate at the commencement
date to determine the present value of lease payments. The benefits of lease incentives, including rent-free or reduced rent periods, and the cost of future rent escalations are recognized on a straight-line basis over the term of the lease. A lease liability and a corresponding ROU asset are not recognized when, at the commencement date of the lease, the term is 12 months or less.

Property, Furniture and Equipment

Costs of major additions of property, furniture, equipment and improvements are capitalized and are included in other assets on the consolidated balance sheets. The original cost is depreciated on a straight-line basis over the estimated useful lives of such property, furniture and equipment. Leasehold improvements are amortized on a straight-line basis over the shorter of the lease term or the estimated useful lives of the leased assets. Other fixed assets, which consist primarily of computer software and hardware, are recorded at cost and amortized on a straight-line basis over their respective estimated useful lives, which range from three to seven years. Expenditures for maintenance and repairs are expensed as they are incurred.

Goodwill

Goodwill is tested for impairment at least annually on October 31st of each fiscal year or more frequently if events occur or circumstances indicate that the fair value of a reporting unit may be below its carrying value. Goodwill has been allocated to the Company's reporting units.

In evaluating goodwill for impairment, the Company has the option to first assess qualitative factors to determine whether further impairment testing is necessary. Among other relevant events and circumstances that affect the fair value of reporting units, the Company considers individual factors such as macroeconomic conditions, changes in its industry and the markets in which the Company operates, as well as its reporting units' historical and expected future financial performance. If, after assessing the totality of events or circumstances, the Company determines it is more-likely-than-not that the fair value of a reporting unit is greater than its carrying amount, then the quantitative goodwill impairment test is unnecessary. The quantitative goodwill impairment test compares the fair value of a reporting unit with its carrying amount, including goodwill. If the carrying amount of the reporting unit is less than its fair value, no impairment exists. If the carrying amount of a reporting unit exceeds its fair value, an impairment loss shall be recognized in an amount equal to that excess, limited to the total amount of goodwill allocated to that reporting unit.

The Company elected to perform the qualitative assessment for its evaluation of goodwill impairment during the year ended December 31, 2019 and concluded there was no impairment. Since inception through December 31, 2019, the Company has not recorded any goodwill impairment.

Intangible Assets

Intangible assets with finite useful lives such as acquired lease intangibles are initially recorded at fair value and are amortized over their respective estimated useful lives and subsequently reviewed for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of the asset may not be recoverable. The Company has not recorded any impairment charges related to intangible assets for the years ended December 31, 2019, 2018, and 2017.

Revenue Recognition

Operating Leases with Customers

The Company enters into long-term leases and service leases with ocean carriers, principally as lessor in operating leases, for marine cargo equipment. Long-term leases provide customers with specified equipment for a specified term. The Company's leasing revenues are based upon the number of equipment units leased, the applicable per diem rate and the length of the lease. Long-term leases typically have initial contractual terms ranging from three to eight years. Revenues are recognized on a straight-line basis over the life of the respective lease. Advance billings are deferred and recognized in the period earned. Service leases do not specify the exact number of equipment units to be leased or the term that each unit will remain on-hire, but allow the lessee to pick-up and drop-off units at various locations specified in the lease agreement. Under a service lease, rental revenue is based on the number of equipment units on-hire for a given period. Revenue for customers considered to be non-performing is deferred and recognized when the amounts are received.

The Company recognizes billings to customers for damages and certain other operating costs as leasing revenue when earned based on the terms of the contractual agreements with the customer.

Finance Leases with Customers

The Company enters into finance leases as lessor for some of the equipment in its fleet. At the inception of the lease, the Company records the total future minimum lease payments plus the estimated residual value, net of executory costs, if any. The net investment in finance leases represents the receivables due from lessees, net of unearned income and amounts previously billed, which are included in accounts receivable. Unearned income, which also includes any initial direct costs, is recognized on a constant yield basis over the lease term and is recorded as leasing revenue. The Company's finance leases are usually long-term in nature and typically include an option to purchase the equipment at the end of the lease term for an amount determined to be a bargain.

Equipment Trading Revenues and Expenses

Equipment trading revenues represent the proceeds from the sale of equipment purchased for resale and are recognized as units are sold. The related expenses represent the cost of equipment sold as well as other selling costs that are recognized as incurred and are reflected as equipment trading expenses on the consolidated statements of operations.

Direct Operating Expenses

Direct operating expenses are directly related to the Company's equipment under and available for lease. These expenses primarily consist of the Company's costs to repair and maintain the equipment, to reposition the equipment and to store the equipment when it is not on lease. These costs are recognized when incurred. Certain positioning costs may be capitalized when incurred to place new equipment on an initial lease.

Debt Costs

Debt costs represent the fees incurred in connection with debt obligation arrangements. These costs are capitalized and amortized using the effective interest method or on a straight-line basis over the term of the related obligation, depending on the type of debt obligation to which they relate. Unamortized debt costs may be written off when the related debt obligations are refinanced or extinguished prior to maturity.

Derivative Instruments

The Company uses derivatives in the management of its interest rate exposure on its long-term borrowings. The Company records derivative instruments on its balance sheet at fair value and establishes criteria for both the designation and effectiveness of hedging activities.

The Company has entered into interest rate swap agreements with certain financial institutions. The interest rate swap agreements require the Company to make payments to counterparties at fixed rates in return for receipts based upon variable rates indexed to the London Interbank Offered Rate ("LIBOR").

Derivative instruments are designated or non-designated for hedge accounting purposes. The fair value of the derivative instruments is measured at each balance sheet date and is reflected on a gross basis on the consolidated balance sheets. The change in fair value of the derivative instruments designated as a cash flow hedge are recorded on the consolidated balance sheets in accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) and are re-classified to interest and debt expense when the hedged interest payments are recognized. The change in fair value of non-designated derivative instruments is recorded in the consolidated statements of operations as unrealized loss (gain) on derivative instruments, net and are reclassified to realized loss (gain) on derivative instruments, net when realized.

Income Taxes

The Company uses the liability method of accounting for income taxes, which requires recognition of deferred tax assets and liabilities based on the expected future tax consequences of temporary differences that currently exist between the tax basis and financial reporting basis of assets and liabilities. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured using enacted tax rates expected to apply to taxable income in the years in which those temporary differences are expected to be recovered or settled. Any change in the tax rate which has an effect on deferred tax assets and liabilities is recognized as an increase or decrease to income in the period that includes the enactment date of the law that resulted in the change in tax rate.

The Company recognizes the effect of income tax positions which are more-likely-than-not of being sustained.  If a position does not meet the more-likely-than-not criteria, the Company records a reserve against the tax position such that a tax benefit is recognized only in the amount that has a greater than 50% likelihood of being recognized.  The full impact of any change in recognition or measurement of an uncertain tax position is reflected in the period in which such change occurs. Potential interest and penalties associated with such uncertain tax positions are recorded as a component of income tax expense.

Noncontrolling Interests

During 2019, the Company acquired all of the remaining third-party partnership interests in Triton Container Investments LLC ("TCI") for an aggregate of $103.0 million in cash and recognized a benefit of $16.9 million in the consolidated statements of shareholders' equity. The Company held membership interests in TCI representing 56.0% of TCI's total members' capital as of December 31, 2018.

TCI was a fully consolidated entity within the Company's consolidated financial statements. The noncontrolling interests included in the Company's consolidated financial statements were comprised of (i) the amount of the initial investment made by TCI investors, plus or minus (ii) the profits and/or losses allocated to TCI investors pursuant to the terms of TCI's limited liability company operating agreement, plus or minus (iii) additional cash contributions made by and/or cash distributions received by TCI investors.

Foreign Currency Translation and Remeasurement

The Company uses the U.S. dollar as its reporting currency. The net assets and operations of foreign subsidiaries included in the consolidated financial statements are attributable primarily to the Company's U.K. subsidiary. The accounts of this subsidiary have been converted at rates of exchange in effect at year end as to balance sheet accounts and at the annual weighted average exchange rates for the statements of operations accounts. The effects of changes in exchange rates in translating foreign subsidiaries' financial statements are included in shareholders' equity as accumulated other comprehensive (loss) income.

The Company also has certain cash accounts, certain finance lease receivables and certain obligations that are denominated in currencies other than the Company's functional currency. These assets and liabilities are generally denominated in euros or British pounds, and are remeasured at each balance sheet date at the exchange rates in effect as of those dates. The impact of changes in exchange rates on the remeasurement of assets and liabilities are included in administrative expenses on the consolidated statements of operations. Foreign currency gains or losses were immaterial for the years ended December 31, 2019, 2018, and 2017.

Share-based Compensation

The Company measures and recognizes share-based awards granted to employees based on the grant date fair value. Share-based awards may be subject to forfeiture if certain employment conditions are not met. The Company has elected to account for forfeitures as they occur. Time based awards are measured at the grant date and are recognized as compensation expense over the employee's requisite service period, generally the vesting period of the equity award, on a straight-line basis. Performance-based awards are recognized as compensation expense when satisfaction of the performance condition is considered probable. The Company also grants share-based awards to non-employee directors that vest immediately and are recognized as compensation expense based on the grant date fair value.

Earnings Per Share

Basic earnings per share is computed by dividing net income attributable to common shareholders by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding for the period. Any potential issuance of common shares, including those that are contingent and do not participate in dividends, are excluded from the weighted average number of common shares outstanding. Diluted earnings per share reflect the potential dilution that would occur if securities exercisable or convertible into common shares were exercised or converted into common shares, utilizing the treasury share method.

The Company excluded 867, 207,991, and nil of anti-dilutive restricted common shares from its calculation of diluted earnings per share for the years ended December 31, 2019, 2018, and 2017.


Recently Adopted Accounting Standards Updates

Leases

In February 2016, the Financial Accounting Standards Board ("FASB") issued ASU No. 2016-02, Leases (Topic 842) and subsequently issued amendments that replaced existing lease accounting guidance. The accounting standard requires lessees to recognize a lease liability and corresponding ROU asset on their balance sheets. The accounting that will be applied by lessors under ASC 842 is largely unchanged from previous GAAP. Certain targeted improvements were made to align, where necessary, lessor accounting with the lessee accounting model and ASC 606, Revenue from Contracts with Customers.

The Company adopted the standard on January 1, 2019, through a cumulative-effect adjustment.  Additionally, the Company elected the "package of practical expedients," which provides: (1) An entity need not reassess whether any expired or existing contracts are or contain leases; (2) An entity need not reassess the lease classification for any expired or existing leases; (3) An entity need not reassess initial direct costs for any existing leases; (4) An entity can combine lease and non-lease components as one single lease component; and (5) An entity can exclude short-term leases (leases with original terms of 12 months or less) from their ROU asset and lease liability accounts. Furthermore, the Company elected the optional transition method and continued to apply the guidance in ASC 840, including its disclosure requirements, in the comparative prior year periods.

At adoption, the Company recognized a lease liability of $10.5 million based on the present value of the remaining minimum rental payments under current leasing standards for existing operating leases and corresponding ROU asset of $8.9 million. The Company assessed the requirements from both a lessee and lessor perspective and concluded the adoption of this standard did not have a significant impact on the consolidated financial statements.  As a result of this adoption, the Company reclassified $64.4 million and $60.7 million of cash collections on finance lease receivables, net of income earned, from investing activities to operating activities on its consolidated statement of cash flows for the year ended December 31, 2018 and December 31, 2017, respectively.

Targeted Improvements to Accounting for Hedging Activities.

In August 2017, FASB issued ASU No. 2017-12, Derivatives and Hedging (Topic 815). ASU 2017-12 changes the recognition and presentation requirements of hedge accounting, including: eliminating the requirement to separately measure and report hedge ineffectiveness; and presenting all items that affect earnings in the same income statement line item as the hedged item. Subsequent amendments permit the use of the Overnight Index Swap ("OIS") rate based on the Secured Overnight Financing Rate ("SOFR") as a U.S. benchmark interest rate for hedge accounting purposes under ASC 815, in addition to the currently permissible benchmark interest rates. This will provide the Company the ability to utilize the OIS rate based on SOFR as the benchmark interest rate on certain hedges of interest rate risk.

The Company adopted the standard on January 1, 2019, and applied the modified retrospective approach.  The Company has evaluated the impact of this ASU and concluded the adoption of this standard did not have a significant impact on the consolidated financial statements.

Income Taxes

In December 2019, FASB issued ASU 2019-12, Income Taxes (Topic 740). ASU 2019-12 simplifies the accounting for income taxes by eliminating certain exceptions for investments, intraperiod allocations and interim calculations. The new guidance also simplifies aspects of the accounting for franchise taxes, enacted changes in tax laws or rates, and clarifies the accounting for transactions that result in a step-up in the tax basis of goodwill. The amendments did not create new accounting requirements.

The Company adopted the standard as of January 1, 2019.  The Company has evaluated the impact of this ASU and concluded the adoption of this standard did not have a significant impact on the consolidated financial statements.

Recently Issued Accounting Standards Updates

Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments

In June 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-13, Financial Instruments - Credit Losses (Topic 326) and subsequently issued amendments. The guidance affects the Company's net investments in financing leases and accounts receivable for our Equipment trading segment, and it requires the measurement of expected credit losses to be based on relevant information from past events,
including historical experiences, current conditions and reasonable and supportable forecasts that affect collectability. The Company will adopt this standard on January 1, 2020. Based on the composition of the Company's receivables, current market conditions and historical credit loss activity, the Company does not expect the adoption of this ASU to have a significant impact on the consolidated financial statements.