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Share Based Compensation | 3 Months Ended
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Mar. 31, 2014
Share-based Compensation [Abstract] |
Share Based Compensation | Share Based Compensation The Company’s Amended and Restated 2007 Share Incentive Plan (the "Plan") provides for grants of share options, restricted common shares and restricted share units. The total number of common shares currently reserved for issuance under the Plan is 10,000,000. The Plan is administered by the Compensation Committee of the Board of Directors (the "Committee"). Restricted Shares and Share Units The fair value of each restricted share or share unit is determined based on the market value of the Company's common shares on the date of grant. The total estimated fair value is amortized as an expense over the requisite service period as determined by the Committee. Share Options Exercise prices of options are established at or above the fair market value of the Company’s common shares at the date of grant. Under the Plan, unless otherwise determined by the Committee and provided in an award agreement, 25% of the options will become exercisable on the first anniversary of the grant date, with an additional 6.25% of the options vesting each quarter thereafter based on the grantee’s continued employment over a four-year period, and will expire ten years after grant date. The fair value of each option grant is separately estimated for each vesting date. The fair value of each option is amortized into compensation expense on a straight-line basis between the grant date for the award and each vesting date. The Company has estimated the fair value of all share option awards as of the date of the grant by applying the Black-Scholes-Merton multiple-option pricing valuation model. The application of this valuation model involves assumptions that are judgmental and highly sensitive in the determination of compensation expense. 9. Share Based Compensation (continued) The key assumptions used in determining the fair value of options granted in the three months ended March 31, 2014 and a summary of the methodology applied to develop each assumption were as follows:
Assumptions: |  |
Volatility | 45.30 – 51.40 | %
Risk-free interest rate | 0.85 – 1.77 | %
Weighted average expected lives in years | 6.1 years |
Forfeiture rate | 1.60 – 3.45 | %
Dividend yield rate | 3.46 – 3.55 | %
Expected Price Volatility — This is a measure of the amount by which a price has fluctuated or is expected to fluctuate. Maiden began trading on May 6, 2008, thus, has a maximum of 5.6 year trading history for estimating historical volatility. Maiden's expected volatility for 2013 of 51.4% was based on the average of its historical volatility, measured over the maximum available term of 5.6 years. Prior to 2013, it was not possible to use actual experience to estimate the expected volatility of the price of the common shares in estimating the value of the options granted because the Company's common shares only began trading in May 2008, thus, it does not have enough history over which to calculate an expected volatility representative of the volatility over the expected lives of the options. As a substitute for such estimate, the Company blended its historical volatility with the historical volatilities of a set of comparable companies in the industry in which the Company operates. Risk-Free Interest Rate — This is based on the yields on U.S. Treasury constant maturity notes with a term equal to the expected life of the option. An increase in the risk-free interest rate will increase compensation expense. Expected Lives — This is the period of time over which the options granted are expected to remain outstanding giving consideration to vesting schedules, historical exercise and forfeiture patterns. The Company uses the simplified method outlined in SEC Staff Accounting Bulletin No. 107 to estimate expected lives for options granted during the period as historical exercise data is not available and the options meet the requirements set out in the Bulletin. Options granted have a maximum term of ten years. An increase in the expected life will increase compensation expense. Forfeiture Rate — This is the estimated percentage of options granted that are expected to be forfeited or cancelled before becoming fully vested. An increase in the forfeiture rate will decrease compensation expense. Dividend Yield — This is calculated by dividing the expected annual dividend by the share price of the Company at the valuation date. An increase in the dividend yield will decrease compensation expense. The following schedule shows all options granted, exercised, expired and forfeited under the Plan for the three months ended March 31, 2014 and 2013:
For the Three Months Ended March 31, 2014 |  | Number of Share Options |  | Weighted Average Exercise Price |  | Weighted Average Remaining Contractual Term
Outstanding, December 31, 2013 |  | 2,439,413 |  |  | $ | 6.76 |  |  | 5.75 years
Granted |  | 8,500 |  |  | $ | 11.38 |  |  |
Exercised |  | (42,134 | ) |  | $ | 4.36 |  |  |
Outstanding, March 31, 2014 |  | 2,405,779 |  |  | $ | 6.82 |  |  | 5.53 years
For the Three Months Ended March 31, 2013 |  | Number of Share Options |  | Weighted Average Exercise Price |  | Weighted Average Remaining Contractual Term
Outstanding, December 31, 2012 |  | 2,795,437 |  |  | $ | 6.70 |  |  | 6.75 years
Granted |  | 6,500 |  |  | $ | 9.99 |  |  |
Exercised |  | (96,910 | ) |  | $ | 3.51 |  |  |
Outstanding, March 31, 2013 |  | 2,705,027 |  |  | $ | 6.82 |  |  | 6.54 years
9. Share Based Compensation (continued) The weighted average grant date fair value was $2.05 and $2.03 for all options outstanding at March 31, 2014 and December 31, 2013, respectively. There was approximately $412 and $513 of total unrecognized compensation cost related to non- vested options as of March 31, 2014 and December 31, 2013, respectively, which will be recognized during the next 4 years. The Company issues new common shares upon the exercise of an option. In connection with these exercises, there was no tax benefit realized by the Company. Performance-Based Restricted Share Units (PB-RSUs) The Committee approved the formation of a long-term incentive program under the Plan on March 1, 2011. On that date, the Committee determined to award PB-RSUs to certain senior leaders of the Company. The formula for determining the amount of PB-RSUs awarded uses a combination of a percentage of the employee's base salary (based on a benchmarking analysis from our compensation consultant) divided by the closing price on NASDAQ Global Select Market of our common shares on that date. The grants are performance based which require that certain criteria such as return on equity, underwriting performance, revenue growth and operating expense be met during the performance period to attain a payout. Each metric has a corresponding weighted percentage with a target, threshold and maximum level of performance goal set to achieve a payout. Settlement of the grants can be made in either common shares or cash upon the decision of the Committee. The first performance cycle was for two years, 2011-2012, and subsequent performance cycles are for three years. For the years 2011-2012, no RSUs vested as the target level of performance was not met. Effective February 19, 2013, the Committee approved the award of PB-RSUs to executive officers and senior Company employees for the fiscal years 2013-2015. All prior, current and future PB-RSUs are paid 50% based on certain criteria such as return on equity, underwriting performance, revenue growth and operating expense being met during the performance period, while the other 50% of the payout is at the discretion of the Committee based on individual performance. For the three months ended March 31, 2014, no accrual was recognized as the calculated weighted percentage of the performance results of the Company did not meet the target levels. Effective February 18, 2014, the Committee approved the award of PB-RSUs to executive officers and senior Company employees for the fiscal years 2014-2016. These PB-RSUs are paid 50% based on certain criteria such as return on equity, underwriting performance, revenue growth and operating expense being met during the performance period, while the other 50% of the payout is at the discretion of the Committee based on individual performance. For the three months ended March 31, 2014, no accrual was recognized as the calculated weighted percentage of the performance results of the Company did not meet the target levels. CEO Non-Performance-Based Restricted Share Units ("NPB-RSUs") On March 1, 2012, the Committee approved an award of NPB-RSUs to the Company's CEO. The award consists of 86,705 restricted share units which fully vested on December 31, 2013. Each share unit has a fair value of $8.56 which was amortized over 22 months. The share units were issued to the Company's CEO 2.5 months after the vesting date. On February 19, 2013, the Committee approved an award of NPB-RSUs to the Company's CEO. The award consists of 149,701 restricted share units, of which one-third automatically vested on February 19, 2014, with the next one-third automatically vesting on February 19, 2015, and of which the final one-third will automatically vest on February 19, 2016. Each share unit has a fair value of $10.02 which is amortized over 36 months. The total fair value of the share units vested for the three months ended March 31, 2014 was $500. On February 18, 2014, the Committee approved an award of NPB-RSUs to the Company's CEO. The award consists of 70,298 restricted share units, of which one-third will automatically vest on December 31, 2014, with the next one-third automatically vesting on December 31, 2015, and of which the final one-third will automatically vest on December 31, 2016. The units shall be settled no later than 2.5 months after expiration of the three respective vesting dates. Each share unit has a fair value of $11.38 which is amortized over 36 months. Non-CEO Discretionary Non-Performance-Based Restricted Shares ("NPB-RSs") On February 19, 2013, pursuant to the Plan, the Committee approved an award of NPB-RSs to certain senior leaders of the Company. The award consists of 95,590 restricted shares, 50% of which vested on February 19, 2014, the first anniversary of the grant date, with an additional 50% vesting on the second anniversary of the grant date. Each share unit has a fair value of $10.02. 9. Share Based Compensation (continued) On February 18, 2014, pursuant to the Plan, the Committee approved an award of NPB-RSs to non-CEO named executive officers and senior leaders of the Company. The award consists of 38,522 restricted shares, 50% of which will vest on January 1, 2015, with an additional 50% vesting on January 1, 2016. Each share unit has a fair value of $11.38. The Company recorded share based expenses (a component of salaries and benefits)in accordance with ASC Topic 718 "Compensation - Stock Compensation" in the amount of $497 for the three months ended March 31, 2014 (March 31, 2013 - $309).

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- Definition The entire disclosure for compensation-related costs for equity-based compensation, which may include disclosure of policies, compensation plan details, allocation of equity compensation, incentive distributions, equity-based arrangements to obtain goods and services, deferred compensation arrangements, employee stock ownership plan details and employee stock purchase plan details. + References Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 718 -SubTopic 10 -Section 50 -Paragraph 1 -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=6415400&loc=d3e5047-113901 Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 718 -SubTopic 10 -Section 50 -Paragraph 2 -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=6415400&loc=d3e5070-113901 Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 505 -SubTopic 50 -Section 50 -Paragraph 1 -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=6406099&loc=d3e25284-112666 Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 718 -SubTopic 40 -Section 50 -Paragraph 1 -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=6418621&loc=d3e17540-113929 Reference 5: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 718 -SubTopic 10 -Section 50 -Paragraph 4 -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=6415400&loc=d3e5444-113901 Reference 6: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef -Publisher SEC -Name Staff Accounting Bulletin (SAB) -Number Topic 14 + Details
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