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Summary of Significant Accounting Policies and Basis of Presentation | 12 Months Ended
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Dec. 30, 2017
Accounting Policies [Abstract] |
Summary of Significant Accounting Policies and Basis of Presentation | Note 1 – Summary of Significant Accounting Policies and Basis of Presentation Principles of Consolidation: The consolidated financial statements are prepared in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“GAAP”) and include the accounts of SpartanNash Company and its subsidiaries (“SpartanNash” or “the Company”). Intercompany accounts and transactions have been eliminated. Fiscal Year: The Company’s fiscal year end is the Saturday nearest to December 31. The following discussion is as of and for the fiscal years ending or ended December 29, 2018 ("2018"), December 30, 2017 (“2017” or “current year”), December 31, 2016 (“2016” or “prior year”) and January 2, 2016 (“2015”), all of which include 52 weeks. All fiscal quarters are 12 weeks, except for the Company’s first quarter, which is 16 weeks. Use of Estimates: The preparation of financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect amounts reported therein. Due to the inherent uncertainty involved in making estimates, actual results reported in future periods might differ from those estimates. Revenue Recognition: The Company recognizes revenue when the sales price is fixed or determinable, collectability is reasonably assured, and the customer takes possession of the merchandise. The Military segment recognizes revenues upon the delivery of the product to the commissary or commissaries designated by the Defense Commissary Agency (DeCA), or in the case of overseas commissaries, when the product is delivered to the port designated by DeCA, which is when DeCA takes possession of the merchandise and bears the responsibility for shipping the product to the commissary or overseas warehouse. Revenues from consignment sales are included in the Company’s reported sales on a net basis. The Food Distribution segment recognizes revenues when products are delivered or ancillary services are provided. Sales and excise taxes are excluded from revenue. The Retail segment recognizes revenues from the sale of products at the point of sale. Based upon the nature of the products the Company sells, its customers have limited rights of return which are immaterial. Discounts provided by the Company to customers at the time of sale are recognized as a reduction in sales as the products are sold. The Company does not recognize a sale when it awards customer loyalty points or sells gift cards and gift certificates; rather, a sale is recognized when the customer loyalty points, gift card or gift certificate are redeemed to purchase product. Sales taxes collected from customers are remitted to the appropriate taxing jurisdictions and are excluded from sales revenue as the Company considers itself a pass-through conduit for collecting and remitting sales taxes. Cost of Sales: Cost of sales represents the cost of inventory sold during the period, which for all non-production operations includes purchase costs, in-bound freight, physical inventory adjustments, markdowns and promotional allowances and excludes warehousing costs, depreciation and other administrative expenses. For the Company’s food processing operations, cost of sales includes direct product and production costs, inbound freight, purchasing and receiving costs, utilities, depreciation, and other indirect production costs and excludes out-bound freight and other administrative expenses. As a result, the Company’s cost of sales and gross profit may not be identical to similarly titled measures reported by other companies. Vendor allowances and credits that relate to the Company’s buying and merchandising activities consist primarily of promotional allowances, which are generally allowances on purchased quantities and, to a lesser extent, slotting allowances, which are billed to vendors for the Company’s merchandising costs such as setting up warehouse infrastructure. Vendor allowances are recognized as a reduction in cost of sales when the related product is sold. Lump sum payments received for multi-year contracts are amortized over the life of the contracts based on contractual terms. The distribution segments include shipping and handling costs in the selling, general and administrative section of operating expenses on the consolidated statement of operations. Cash and Cash Equivalents: Cash and cash equivalents consist of cash and highly liquid investments with an original maturity of three months or less at the date of purchase. Accounts and Notes Receivable: Accounts and notes receivable are shown net of allowances for credit losses of $2.0 million and $6.7 million as of December 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016, respectively. The Company evaluates the adequacy of its allowances by analyzing the aging of receivables, customer financial condition, historical collection experience, the value of collateral and other economic and industry factors. Actual collections may differ from historical experience, and if economic, business or customer conditions deteriorate significantly, adjustments to these reserves may be required. When the Company becomes aware of factors that indicate a change in a specific customer’s ability to meet its financial obligations, the Company records a specific reserve for credit losses. Operating results include bad debt expense of $1.5 million, $1.4 million and $2.1 million for 2017, 2016 and 2015, respectively. Inventory Valuation: Inventories are valued at the lower of cost or market. Approximately 86.9% and 86.7% of the Company’s inventories were valued on the last-in, first-out (LIFO) method at December 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016, respectively. If replacement cost had been used, inventories would have been $50.4 million and $47.6 million higher at December 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016, respectively. The replacement cost method utilizes the most current unit purchase cost to calculate the value of inventories. During 2017, 2016 and 2015, certain inventory quantities were reduced. The reductions resulted in liquidation of LIFO inventory carried at lower costs prevailing in prior years, the effect of which decreased the LIFO provision in 2017, 2016 and 2015 by $0.2 million, $0.2 million and $0.6 million, respectively. The Company accounts for its Food Distribution and Military inventory using a perpetual system and utilizes the retail inventory method (“RIM”) to value inventory for center store products in the Retail segment. Under RIM, inventory is stated at cost with cost of sales and gross margin calculated by applying a cost ratio to the retail value of inventories. Fresh, pharmacy and fuel products are accounted for at cost in the Retail segment. The Company evaluates inventory shortages throughout the year based on actual physical counts in its facilities. The Company records allowances for inventory shortages based on the results of recent physical counts to provide for estimated shortages from the last physical count to the financial statement date. Goodwill and Intangible Assets: Goodwill represents the excess purchase price over the fair value of tangible net assets acquired in business combinations after amounts have been allocated to intangible assets. Goodwill is not amortized, but is reviewed for impairment during the last quarter of each year, or whenever events occur or circumstances change that would more likely than not reduce the fair value of a reporting unit below its carrying amount, using a discounted cash flow model and comparable market values of each reporting segment. Measuring the fair value of reporting units is a Level 3 measurement under the fair value hierarchy. See Note 8, Fair Value Measurements, for a discussion of levels. Intangible assets primarily consist of trade names, customer relationships, favorable lease agreements, pharmacy prescription lists, franchise agreements and fees, non-compete agreements and liquor licenses. The following assets are amortized on a straight-line basis over the period of time in which their expected benefits will be realized: favorable leases (related lease terms), prescription lists and customer relationships (period of expected benefit reflecting the pattern in which the economic benefits are consumed), non-compete agreements and franchise fees (length of agreements), and trade names with definite lives (expected life of the assets). Indefinite-lived trade names are not amortized but are tested at least annually for impairment, and liquor licenses are also not amortized as they have indefinite lives. Intangible assets are included in “Other Assets, net” in the consolidated balance sheets. Property and Equipment: Property and equipment are recorded at cost. Expenditures which improve or extend the life of the respective assets are capitalized, whereas expenditures for normal repairs and maintenance are charged to operations as incurred. Depreciation expense on land improvements, buildings and improvements, and equipment is computed using the straight-line method as follows:
Land improvements | 15 years
Buildings and improvements | 15 to 40 years
Equipment | 3 to 15 years
Property under capital leases and leasehold improvements are amortized on a straight-line basis over the shorter of the remaining terms of the leases or the estimated useful lives of the assets. Internal use software is included in property and equipment and amounted to $30.7 million and $32.9 million as of December 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016, respectively. Impairment of Long-Lived Assets: The Company reviews and evaluates long-lived assets for impairment when events or circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of an asset may not be recoverable. When the undiscounted expected future cash flows are not sufficient to recover an asset’s carrying amount, the fair value is compared to the carrying value to determine the impairment loss to be recorded. Long-lived assets to be disposed of are reported at the lower of carrying amount or fair value, less the cost to sell. Fair values are determined by independent appraisals or expected sales prices based upon market participant data developed by third party professionals or by internal licensed real estate professionals. Estimates of future cash flows and expected sales prices are judgments based upon the Company’s experience and knowledge of operations. These estimates project cash flows several years into the future and are affected by changes in the economy, real estate market conditions and inflation. Reserves for Closed Properties: The Company records reserves for closed properties that are subject to long-term lease commitments based upon the future minimum lease payments and related ancillary costs from the date of closure to the end of the remaining lease term, net of estimated sublease rentals that could be reasonably expected to be obtained for the property. Future cash flows are based on contractual lease terms and knowledge of the geographic area in which the closed site is located. These estimates are subject to multiple factors, including inflation, ability to sublease the property and other economic conditions. Internally developed estimates of sublease rentals are based upon the geographic areas in which the properties are located, the results of previous efforts to sublease similar properties, and the current economic environment. The reserved expenses are paid over the remaining lease terms, which range from one to 11 years. Adjustments to closed property reserves primarily relate to changes in subtenant income or actual exit costs differing from original estimates. Adjustments are made for changes in estimates in the period in which the changes become known. The current portion of the future lease obligations of stores is included in “Other accrued expenses,” and the long-term portion is included in “Other long-term liabilities” in the consolidated balance sheets. Debt Issuance Costs: Debt issuance costs are amortized over the term of the related financing agreement and are included as a direct deduction from the carrying amount of the related debt liability in “Long-term debt and capital lease obligations” in the consolidated balance sheets. Insurance Reserves: SpartanNash is self-insured through self-insurance retentions or high deductible programs for workers’ compensation, general liability, and automobile liability, and is also self-insured for healthcare costs. Self-insurance liabilities are recorded based on claims filed and an estimate of claims incurred but not yet reported. Workers’ compensation, general liability and automobile liabilities are actuarially estimated based on available historical information on an undiscounted basis. The Company has purchased stop-loss coverage to limit its exposure to any significant exposure on a per claim basis for its self-insurance retentions and high deductible programs. On a per claim basis, the Company’s exposure is up to $0.5 million for workers’ compensation, general liability and automobile liability and $0.5 million for healthcare per covered life per year. A summary of changes in the Company’s self-insurance liability is as follows:
(In thousands) | 2017 |  |  | 2016 |  |  | 2015 |
Balance at beginning of year | $ |  | 14,730 |  |  | $ |  | 14,466 |  |  | $ |  | 19,413 |
Expenses |  |  | 54,748 |  |  |  |  | 49,560 |  |  |  |  | 43,851 |
Claim payments, net of employee contributions |  |  | (54,323 | ) |  |  |  | (49,296 | ) |  |  |  | (48,798 | )
Balance at end of year | $ |  | 15,155 |  |  | $ |  | 14,730 |  |  | $ |  | 14,466 |
The current portion of the self-insurance liability was $8.7 million and $8.3 million as of December 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016, respectively, and is included in “Other accrued expenses” in the consolidated balance sheets. The long-term portion was $6.5 million and $6.4 million as of December 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016, respectively, and is included in “Other long-term liabilities” in the consolidated balance sheets. Income Taxes: Deferred income tax assets and liabilities are computed for differences between the financial statement and tax bases of assets and liabilities that will result in taxable or deductible amounts in the future. Such deferred income tax asset and liability computations are based on enacted tax laws and rates applicable to periods in which the differences are expected to affect taxable income. Valuation allowances are established when necessary to reduce deferred tax assets to the amounts expected to be realized. Income tax expense is the tax payable or refundable for the period plus or minus the change during the period in deferred and other tax assets and liabilities. Earnings per share: Earnings per share (“EPS”) is computed using the two-class method. The two-class method determines EPS for each class of common stock and participating securities according to dividends and their respective participation rights in undistributed earnings. Participating securities include non-vested shares of restricted stock in which the participants have non-forfeitable rights to dividends during the performance period. Diluted EPS includes the effects of stock options. The following table sets forth the computation of basic and diluted EPS for continuing operations:
(In thousands, except per share amounts) | 2017 |  |  | 2016 |  |  | 2015 |
Numerator: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
(Loss) earnings from continuing operations | $ |  | (52,617 | ) |  | $ |  | 57,056 |  |  | $ |  | 63,166 |
Adjustment for loss (earnings) attributable to participating securities |  |  | 908 |  |  |  |  | (1,011 | ) |  |  |  | (1,098 | )
(Loss) earnings from continuing operations used in calculating earnings per share | $ |  | (51,709 | ) |  | $ |  | 56,045 |  |  | $ |  | 62,068 |
Denominator: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Weighted average shares outstanding, including participating securities |  |  | 37,419 |  |  |  |  | 37,483 |  |  |  |  | 37,612 |
Adjustment for participating securities |  |  | (646 | ) |  |  |  | (664 | ) |  |  |  | (654 | )
Shares used in calculating basic earnings per share |  |  | 36,773 |  |  |  |  | 36,819 |  |  |  |  | 36,958 |
Effect of dilutive stock options |  |  | — |  |  |  |  | 73 |  |  |  |  | 106 |
Shares used in calculating diluted earnings per share |  |  | 36,773 |  |  |  |  | 36,892 |  |  |  |  | 37,064 |
Basic (loss) earnings per share from continuing operations | $ |  | (1.41 | ) |  | $ |  | 1.52 |  |  | $ |  | 1.68 |
Diluted (loss) earnings per share from continuing operations | $ |  | (1.41 | ) |  | $ |  | 1.52 |  |  | $ |  | 1.67 |
Weighted average shares issuable upon the exercise of stock options that were not included in the EPS calculations because they were anti-dilutive were 75,159 for 2017. There were no anti-dilutive stock options in 2016 and 2015. Stock-Based Compensation: All share-based payments to associates are recognized in the consolidated financial statements as compensation cost based on the fair value on the date of grant. The grant date closing price per share of SpartanNash stock is used to estimate the fair value of restricted stock awards and restricted stock units. The value of the portion of awards expected to vest is recognized as expense over the requisite service period. Shareholders’ Equity: The Company’s restated articles of incorporation provide that the Board of Directors may at any time, and from time to time, provide for the issuance of up to 10 million shares of preferred stock in one or more series, each with such designations as determined by the Board of Directors. At December 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016, there were no shares of preferred stock outstanding. Advertising Costs: The Company’s advertising costs are expensed as incurred and are included in Selling, general and administrative expenses. Advertising expenses were $43.4 million, $46.6 million and $47.7 in 2017, 2016 and 2015, respectively. Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)(“AOCI”): The Company reports comprehensive income (loss) that includes net income (loss) and other comprehensive income (loss). Other comprehensive income (loss) refers to expenses, gains and losses that are not included in net earnings, such as pension and other postretirement liability adjustments, but rather are recorded directly to shareholders’ equity. These amounts are also presented in the consolidated statements of comprehensive income. As of December 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016, AOCI relates to the pension and postretirement plans. Discontinued operations: Certain of the Company’s Food Distribution and Retail operations have been recorded as discontinued operations. Results of discontinued operations are excluded from the accompanying notes to the consolidated financial statements for all periods presented, unless otherwise noted. Results of discontinued operations reported on the consolidated statements of operations are reported net of tax. Adoption of New Accounting Standards and Recently Issued Accounting Standards In February 2018, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) 2018-02, “Income Statement – Reporting Comprehensive Income: Reclassification of Certain Tax Effects from Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income.” ASU 2018-02 allows a reclassification from AOCI to retained earnings for stranded tax effects resulting from the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act (the “Tax Act”). The Tax Act, as further described in Note 13, Income Tax, lowered the U.S. federal corporate tax rate, resulting in a re-measurement of the deferred tax assets associated with AOCI. This new guidance allows the discrete tax impact of this re-measurement recorded in the consolidated statement of operations to be reclassified to properly reflect AOCI net of tax under the new statute. The Company early adopted this guidance upon its release. Retrospective application of the guidance resulted in a reclassification from AOCI to retained earnings of $2.7 million in 2017. In January 2017, the FASB issued ASU 2017-04, “Intangibles – Goodwill and Other: Simplifying the Test for Goodwill Impairment.” ASU 2017-04 simplifies the subsequent measurement of goodwill by eliminating Step 2 of the goodwill impairment test. If a reporting unit fails Step 1 of the goodwill impairment test, entities are no longer required to compute the implied fair value of goodwill following the same procedure that would be required in determining the fair value of assets acquired and liabilities assumed in a business combination. Instead, the guidance requires an entity to perform its annual or interim goodwill impairment test by comparing the fair value of a reporting unit with its carrying amount and to recognize an impairment charge for the amount by which the carrying amount exceeds the reporting unit’s fair value. The Company early adopted this guidance as of the beginning of the third quarter of 2017. Refer to Note 5, Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets, for further discussion of goodwill impairment testing. In January 2017, the FASB issued ASU 2017-01, “Business Combinations – Clarifying the Definition of a Business.” ASU 2017-01 narrows the definition of a business and provides a screen to determine when a set of the three elements of a business – inputs, processes, and outputs – are not a business. The screen requires that when substantially all of the fair value of the gross assets acquired (or disposed of) is concentrated in a single identifiable asset or a group of similar identifiable assets, the set is not a business. If the screen is not met, the amendments (1) require that to be considered a business, a set must include, at a minimum, an input and a substantive process that together significantly contribute to the ability to create output and (2) remove the evaluation of whether a market participant could replace missing elements. The amendments provide a framework to assist entities in evaluating whether both an input and a substantive process are present. The new guidance is effective for the Company in 2018. The impact of adoption will depend on the facts and circumstances of future acquisitions, if any, and therefore the Company is unable to estimate the impact of adoption. Adoption will have no impact on the Company’s historical financial statements. In March 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-09, “Compensation – Stock Compensation: Improvements to Employee Share-Based Payment Accounting.” ASU 2016-09 provides for simplification of several aspects of the accounting for share-based payment transactions including income tax consequences, classification of awards as either equity or liabilities, accounting for forfeitures, and classification on the statement of cash flows. The Company adopted the new standard in the first quarter of 2017. Accordingly, the tax benefits or deficiencies related to stock-based compensation are reflected in the consolidated statements of operations as a component of the provision for income taxes, whereas they previously were recognized in equity. As a result of the adoption, the Company recognized $1.3 million of tax benefits related to share-based payments in its provision for income taxes in 2017. Additionally, the Company’s consolidated statements of cash flows now include tax benefits as an operating activity, while cash paid on associates’ behalf related to shares withheld for tax purposes is classified as a financing activity. Retrospective application of the cash flow presentation resulted in $2.7 million and $4.0 million increases to both net cash provided by operating activities and net cash used in financing activities for 2016 and 2015, respectively. The Company’s stock compensation expense continues to reflect estimated forfeitures. In February 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-02, “Leases.” ASU 2016-02 provides guidance for lease accounting and stipulates that lessees will need to recognize a right-of-use asset and a lease liability for substantially all leases (other than leases that meet the definition of a short-term lease). The liability will be equal to the present value of lease payments. Treatment in the consolidated statements of operations will be similar to the current treatment of operating and capital leases. The new guidance is effective on a modified retrospective basis for the Company in the first quarter of its fiscal year ending December 29, 2019. The adoption of this ASU will result in a significant increase to the Company’s consolidated balance sheets for lease liabilities and right-of-use assets. The Company is currently evaluating the other effects of adoption of this ASU on its consolidated financial statements. In May 2014, the FASB issued ASU 2014-09, “Revenue from Contracts with Customers.” The new guidance affects any reporting organization that either enters into contracts with customers to transfer goods or services or enters into contracts for the transfer of nonfinancial assets unless those contracts are within the scope of other standards. The standard’s core principle is that a company will recognize revenue when it transfers promised goods or services to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration to which the company expects to be entitled in exchange for those goods or services. In August 2015, the FASB issued ASU 2015-14, “Deferral of the Effective Date,” which results in the guidance being effective for the Company in the first quarter of 2018. The adoption will include updates as provided under ASU 2016-08, “Principal versus Agent Considerations (Reporting Revenue Gross versus Net);” ASU 2016-10, “Identifying Performance Obligations and Licensing;” and ASU 2016-12, “Narrow-Scope Improvements and Practical Expedients.” Adoption is allowed by either the full retrospective or modified retrospective approach. The Company plans to adopt using a full retrospective approach beginning with the first quarter of 2018. The Company has completed its evaluation of adopting the standard and its impact on the consolidated financial statements. From a principal versus agent considerations perspective, the Company has evaluated its significant arrangements and has determined that certain contracts in the Food Distribution segment that are currently reported on the gross basis will be reported on the net basis beginning in 2018. As a result, net sales for 2017 and 2016 will be restated to reflect a reduction of revenues of approximately $160 million and $170 million, respectively, and the corresponding cost of goods sold related to these revenues will be reduced by the same amounts. For these contracts, the Company determined that it did not control the related goods or services before they were transferred to the customers, which resulted in the change in gross to net presentation. As it pertains to the Food Distribution and Military segments, the Company determined that other than grocery products, the promised goods or services outlined in the contracts with customers are immaterial in the context of the contracts. As a result of this determination, the Company is not required to assess whether these promised goods or services are performance obligations, and therefore, revenue recognition practices will not change as there are no additional deliverables for which the transaction price will need to be allocated. Many of the Company’s contracts also include contingent amounts of variable consideration, and the Company concluded there would be no changes to the timing of revenue as the Company currently recognizes these amounts under the presumption that they are determinable and can be estimated. The Company concluded there were no significant changes to revenue recognition in its Retail segment based on how the Company currently records gift card breakage and loyalty rewards, which are immaterial to the consolidated financial statements. In connection with adopting the standard, the Company has implemented key controls and processes related to the completeness and review of contracts, application of the guidance, tracking of performance obligations and other aspects of revenue recognition. In the first quarter of 2018, the Company will be required to make enhanced revenue disclosures, which will include relevant information about contracts with customers, disaggregated revenues, remaining performance obligations and other items requiring significant judgments and estimates used to recognize revenue. As a result, the Company has begun implementing disclosure controls and procedures related to these enhanced revenue disclosures.

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- Definition The entire disclosure for the basis of presentation and significant accounting policies concepts. Basis of presentation describes the underlying basis used to prepare the financial statements (for example, US Generally Accepted Accounting Principles, Other Comprehensive Basis of Accounting, IFRS). Accounting policies describe all significant accounting policies of the reporting entity. + References Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 235 -URI http://asc.fasb.org/topic&trid=2122369 + Details
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