10-Q 1 tve-033113x10q2ndquarter20.htm 10-Q
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UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549
FORM 10-Q
(MARK ONE)
x QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13, 15(d), OR 37 OF THE
SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
For the quarterly period ended March 31, 2013
OR
o TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF
THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
For the transition period from _____ to _____
Commission file number 000-52313
TENNESSEE VALLEY AUTHORITY
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

A corporate agency of the United States created by an act of Congress (State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization) |  | 62-0474417 (IRS Employer Identification No.)
400 W. Summit Hill Drive Knoxville, Tennessee (Address of principal executive offices) |  | 37902 (Zip Code)

(865) 632-2101
(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)
None
(Former name, former address and former fiscal year, if changed since last report)
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13, 15(d), or 37 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.
Yes x No o
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically and posted on its corporate Web site, if any, every Interactive Data File required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files).
Yes x No o
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, or a smaller reporting company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” and “smaller reporting company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act. (Check one):
Large accelerated filer o Accelerated filer o
Non-accelerated filer x Smaller reporting company o
(Do not check if a smaller reporting company)
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act).
Yes o No x

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GLOSSARY OF COMMON ACRONYMS...................................................................................................................................... | 4
FORWARD-LOOKING INFORMATION......................................................................................................................................... | 6
GENERAL INFORMATION............................................................................................................................................................ | 7
PART I - FINANCIAL INFORMATION
ITEM 1. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS............................................................................................................................................. | 8
Consolidated Statements of Operations (unaudited)............................................................................................................ | 8
Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income (Loss) (unaudited)............................................................................. | 8
Consolidated Balance Sheets (unaudited)............................................................................................................................ | 9
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows (unaudited)........................................................................................................... | 11
Consolidated Statements of Changes in Proprietary Capital (unaudited)............................................................................. | 12
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (unaudited)..................................................................................................... | 13
ITEM 2. MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS... | 40
Executive Overview............................................................................................................................................................... | 40
Results of Operations............................................................................................................................................................ | 40
Liquidity and Capital Resources............................................................................................................................................ | 45
2013 Key Initiatives and Challenges..................................................................................................................................... | 51
Environmental Matters.......................................................................................................................................................... | 53
Legal Proceedings................................................................................................................................................................ | 54
Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements......................................................................................................................................... | 54
Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates........................................................................................................................... | 54
New Accounting Standards and Interpretations.................................................................................................................... | 54
Corporate Governance.......................................................................................................................................................... | 54
Other Matters........................................................................................................................................................................ | 55
ITEM 3. QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK.............................................................. | 55
ITEM 4. CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES.................................................................................................................................. | 55
Disclosure Controls and Procedures...................................................................................................................................... | 55
Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting............................................................................................................ | 55
PART II - OTHER INFORMATION
ITEM 1. LEGAL PROCEEDINGS.................................................................................................................................................. | 56
ITEM 1A. RISK FACTORS........................................................................................................................................................... | 56
ITEM 6. EXHIBITS....................................................................................................................................................................... | 57
SIGNATURES............................................................................................................................................................................... | 58
EXHIBIT INDEX............................................................................................................................................................................ | 59

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GLOSSARY OF COMMON ACRONYMS
Following are definitions of terms or acronyms frequently used in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended March 31, 2013 (the “Quarterly Report”):
Term or Acronym |  | Definition
AFUDC |  | Allowance for funds used during construction
ARO |  | Asset retirement obligation
ART |  | Asset Retirement Trust
ASLB |  | Atomic Safety and Licensing Board
BEST |  | Bellefonte Efficiency and Sustainability Team
BREDL |  | Blue Ridge Environmental Defense League
CAA |  | Clean Air Act
CAIR |  | Clean Air Interstate Rule
CCOLA |  | Combined construction and operating license application
CCP |  | Coal combustion products
CCR |  | Coal combustion residual
CME |  | Chicago Mercantile Exchange
CO 2 |  | Carbon dioxide
COLA |  | Cost of living adjustment
CSAPR |  | Cross State Air Pollution Rule
CTs |  | Combustion turbine unit(s)
CVA |  | Credit valuation adjustment
CY |  | Calendar year
DOE |  | Department of Energy
EPA |  | Environmental Protection Agency
FASB |  | Financial Accounting Standards Board
FERC |  | Federal Energy Regulatory Commission
FTP |  | Financial Trading Program
GAAP |  | Accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America
GAO |  | U.S. Government Accountability Office
GHG |  | Greenhouse gas
GWh |  | Gigawatt hour(s)
JSCCG |  | John Sevier Combined Cycle Generation LLC
kWh |  | Kilowatt hour(s)
LIBOR |  | London Interbank Offer Rate
MD&A |  | Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations
MISO |  | Midwest Independent Transmission System Operator, Inc.
mmBtu |  | Million British thermal unit(s)
MtM |  | Mark-to-market
MW |  | Megawatt
NAV |  | Net asset value
NDT |  | Nuclear Decommissioning Trust
NEPA |  | National Environmental Policy Act
NERC |  | North American Electric Reliability Corporation
NO x |  | Nitrogen oxides
NPDES |  | National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System
NRC |  | Nuclear Regulatory Commission
NSPS |  | New Source Performance Standards
OCI |  | Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)
PM |  | Particulate matter

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QTE |  | Qualified technological equipment and software
REIT |  | Real Estate Investment Trust
SACE |  | Southern Alliance for Clean Energy
SCRs |  | Selective catalytic reduction systems
SEC |  | Securities and Exchange Commission
SERP |  | Supplemental Executive Retirement Plan
Seven States |  | Seven States Power Corporation
SMR |  | Small modular reactor(s)
SO 2 |  | Sulfur dioxide
SSSL |  | Seven States Southaven, LLC
TCWN |  | Tennessee Clean Water Network
TDEC |  | Tennessee Department of Environment & Conservation
TOU |  | Time-of-use
TVARS |  | Tennessee Valley Authority Retirement System
TN Board |  | Tennessee Water Quality, Oil, and Gas Board
USEC |  | United States Enrichment Corporation
VIE |  | Variable interest entity
XBRL |  | eXtensible Business Reporting Language

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FORWARD-LOOKING INFORMATION
This Quarterly Report contains forward-looking statements relating to future events and future performance. All statements other than those that are purely historical may be forward-looking statements. In certain cases, forward-looking statements can be identified by the use of words such as “may,” “will,” “should,” “expect,” “anticipate,” “believe,” “intend,” “project,” “plan,” “predict,” “assume,” “forecast,” “estimate,” “objective,” “possible,” “probably,” “likely,” “potential,” "speculate," or other similar expressions.
Although the Tennessee Valley Authority ("TVA") believes that the assumptions underlying the forward-looking statements are reasonable, TVA does not guarantee the accuracy of these statements. Numerous factors could cause actual results to differ materially from those in the forward-looking statements. These factors include, among other things:

• | New or changed laws, regulations, and administrative orders, including those related to environmental matters, and the costs of complying with these new or changed laws, regulations, and administrative orders, as well as complying with existing laws, regulations, and administrative orders;

• | The requirement or decision to make additional contributions to TVA's pension or other post-retirement benefit plans or to TVA's Nuclear Decommissioning Trust ("NDT");

• | Events at a TVA nuclear facility, which, among other things, could result in loss of life, damage to the environment, damage to or loss of the facility, and damage to the property of others;

• | Events at a nuclear facility, whether or not operated by or licensed to TVA, which, among other things, could lead to increased regulation or restriction on the construction, operation, and decommissioning of nuclear facilities or on the storage of spent fuel, obligate TVA to pay retrospective insurance premiums, reduce the availability and affordability of insurance, increase the costs of operating TVA's existing nuclear units, negatively affect the cost and schedule for completing Watts Bar Nuclear Plant ("Watts Bar") Unit 2 and Bellefonte Nuclear Plant ("Bellefonte") Unit 1, or cause TVA to forego future construction at these or other facilities;

• | Significant delays, cost increases, or cost overruns associated with the construction of generation or transmission assets;

• | Settlements, natural resource damages, fines and penalties associated with the Kingston Fossil Plant ("Kingston") ash spill;

• | Inability to eliminate identified deficiencies in TVA's systems, standards, controls, and corporate culture;

• | The outcome of legal and administrative proceedings;

• | Significant changes in demand for electricity;

• | Addition or loss of customers;

• | The continued operation, performance, or failure of TVA's generation, transmission, flood control, and related assets, including coal combustion residual ("CCR") facilities;

• | The cost of complying with existing and anticipated emissions reduction requirements, which could render continued operation of many of TVA's aging coal-fired generation units not cost-effective and result in their removal from service, perhaps permanently;

• | Disruption of fuel supplies, which may result from, among other things, weather conditions, production or transportation difficulties, labor challenges, or environmental laws or regulations affecting TVA's fuel suppliers or transporters;

• | Purchased power price volatility and disruption of purchased power supplies;

• | Events involving transmission lines, dams, and other facilities not operated by TVA, including those that affect the reliability of the interstate transmission grid of which TVA's transmission system is a part, as well as inadequacies in the supply of water to TVA's generation facilities;

• | Inability to obtain regulatory approval for the construction or operation of assets;

• | Weather conditions;

• | Catastrophic events such as fires, earthquakes, solar events, floods, hurricanes, tornadoes, pandemics, wars, national emergencies, terrorist activities, and other similar events, especially if these events occur in or near TVA's service area;

• | Restrictions on TVA's ability to use or manage real property currently under its control;

• | Reliability and creditworthiness of counterparties;

• | Changes in the market price of commodities such as coal, uranium, natural gas, fuel oil, crude oil, construction materials, reagents, electricity, and emission allowances;

• | Changes in the market price of equity securities, debt securities, and other investments;

• | Changes in interest rates, currency exchange rates, and inflation rates;

• | Rising pension and health care costs;

• | Increases in TVA's financial liability for decommissioning its nuclear facilities and retiring other assets;

• | Limitations on TVA's ability to borrow money which may result from, among other things, TVA's approaching or substantially reaching the limit on bonds, notes and other evidences of indebtedness specified in the TVA Act of 1933;

• | An increase in TVA's cost of capital which may result from, among other things, changes in the market for TVA's debt securities, changes in the credit rating of TVA or the U.S. government, and an increased reliance by TVA on alternative financing arrangements as TVA approaches its debt ceiling;

• | Changes in the economy and volatility in financial markets;

• | Ineffectiveness of TVA's disclosure controls and procedures and its internal control over financial reporting;

• | Problems attracting and retaining a qualified workforce;

• | Changes in technology;

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• | Failure of TVA's assets to operate as planned;

• | Failure of TVA's cyber security program to protect TVA's assets from cyber attacks;

• | Differences between estimates of revenues and expenses and actual revenues earned and expenses incurred; and

• | Unforeseeable events.

See also Item 1A, Risk Factors, and Item 7, Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations in TVA’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended September 30, 2012 (the “Annual Report”) and Part I, Item 2, Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations in this Quarterly Report. New factors emerge from time to time, and it is not possible for management to predict all such factors or to assess the extent to which any factor or combination of factors may impact TVA’s business or cause results to differ materially from those contained in any forward-looking statement. TVA undertakes no obligation to update any forward-looking statement to reflect developments that occur after the statement is made.
GENERAL INFORMATION
Fiscal Year
References to years (2013, 2012, etc.) in this Quarterly Report are to TVA’s fiscal years ending September 30. Years that are preceded by “CY” are references to calendar years.
Notes
References to “Notes” are to the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements contained in Part I, Item 1, Financial Statements in this Quarterly Report.
Available Information
TVA's Annual Reports on Form 10-K, Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q, Current Reports on Form 8-K, and all amendments to those reports are available on TVA's web site, free of charge, as soon as reasonably practicable after such material is electronically filed with or furnished to the Securities and Exchange Commission ("SEC"). TVA's web site is www.tva.gov. Information contained on TVA’s web site shall not be deemed to be incorporated into, or to be a part of, this Quarterly Report. TVA's SEC reports are also available to the public without charge from the web site maintained by the SEC at www.sec.gov.
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PART I - FINANCIAL INFORMATION
ITEM 1. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
TENNESSEE VALLEY AUTHORITY
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS (Unaudited)
(in millions)

| Three Months Ended March 31 |  | Six Months Ended March 31
| 2013 |  | 2012 |  | 2013 |  | 2012
Operating revenues |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Sales of electricity | $ | 2,709 |  |  | $ | 2,569 |  |  | $ | 5,258 |  |  | $ | 5,109 |
Other revenue | 32 |  |  | 35 |  |  | 62 |  |  | 63 |
Total operating revenues | 2,741 |  |  | 2,604 |  |  | 5,320 |  |  | 5,172 |
Operating expenses |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Fuel | 672 |  |  | 524 |  |  | 1,466 |  |  | 1,164 |
Purchased power | 288 |  |  | 329 |  |  | 533 |  |  | 648 |
Operating and maintenance | 876 |  |  | 863 |  |  | 1,795 |  |  | 1,743 |
Depreciation and amortization | 408 |  |  | 493 |  |  | 836 |  |  | 934 |
Tax equivalents | 136 |  |  | 149 |  |  | 273 |  |  | 300 |
Total operating expenses | 2,380 |  |  | 2,358 |  |  | 4,903 |  |  | 4,789 |
Operating income | 361 |  |  | 246 |  |  | 417 |  |  | 383 |
Other income (expense), net | 11 |  |  | (14 | ) |  | 26 |  |  | (5 | )
Interest expense |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Interest expense | 359 |  |  | 368 |  |  | 714 |  |  | 726 |
Allowance for funds used during construction and nuclear fuel expenditures | (41 | ) |  | (42 | ) |  | (80 | ) |  | (81 | )
Net interest expense | 318 |  |  | 326 |  |  | 634 |  |  | 645 |
Net income (loss) | $ | 54 |  |  | $ | (94 | ) |  | $ | (191 | ) |  | $ | (267 | )
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

TENNESSEE VALLEY AUTHORITY
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME (LOSS) (Unaudited)
(in millions)

| Three Months Ended March 31 |  | Six Months Ended March 31
| 2013 |  | 2012 |  | 2013 |  | 2012
Net income (loss) | $ | 54 |  |  | $ | (94 | ) |  | $ | (191 | ) |  | $ | (267 | )
Other comprehensive income (loss) |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Net unrealized gain (loss) on cash flow hedges | (49 | ) |  | 21 |  |  | (16 | ) |  | 64 |
Reclassification to earnings from cash flow hedges | 63 |  |  | (28 | ) |  | 58 |  |  | (26 | )
Total other comprehensive income (loss) | $ | 14 |  |  | $ | (7 | ) |  | $ | 42 |  |  | $ | 38 |
Total comprehensive income (loss) | $ | 68 |  |  | $ | (101 | ) |  | $ | (149 | ) |  | $ | (229 | )
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

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TENNESSEE VALLEY AUTHORITY
CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS
(in millions)

ASSETS
| March 31, 2013 |  | September 30, 2012
Current assets | (Unaudited) |  |
Cash and cash equivalents | $ | 919 |  |  | $ | 868 |
Restricted cash and investments | — |  |  | 11 |
Accounts receivable, net | 1,361 |  |  | 1,666 |
Inventories, net | 1,178 |  |  | 1,097 |
Regulatory assets | 584 |  |  | 774 |
Other current assets | 77 |  |  | 90 |
Total current assets | 4,119 |  |  | 4,506 |
Property, plant, and equipment |  |  |  |  |
Completed plant | 46,475 |  |  | 45,917 |
Less accumulated depreciation | (22,632 | ) |  | (22,169 | )
Net completed plant | 23,843 |  |  | 23,748 |
Construction in progress | 4,893 |  |  | 4,768 |
Nuclear fuel | 1,280 |  |  | 1,176 |
Capital leases | 31 |  |  | 35 |
Total property, plant, and equipment, net | 30,047 |  |  | 29,727 |
Investment funds | 1,569 |  |  | 1,465 |
Regulatory and other long-term assets |  |  |  |  |
Regulatory assets | 10,352 |  |  | 11,127 |
Other long-term assets | 405 |  |  | 509 |
Total regulatory and other long-term assets | 10,757 |  |  | 11,636 |
Total assets | $ | 46,492 |  |  | $ | 47,334 |
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

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TENNESSEE VALLEY AUTHORITY
CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS
(in millions)

LIABILITIES AND PROPRIETARY CAPITAL
| March 31, 2013 |  | September 30, 2012
Current liabilities | (Unaudited) |  |
Accounts payable and accrued liabilities | $ | 1,678 |  |  | $ | 1,922 |
Environmental cleanup costs - Kingston ash spill | 126 |  |  | 126 |
Accrued interest | 398 |  |  | 376 |
Current portion of leaseback obligations | 438 |  |  | 443 |
Current portion of energy prepayment obligations | 100 |  |  | 102 |
Regulatory liabilities | 188 |  |  | 191 |
Short-term debt, net | 2,045 |  |  | 1,507 |
Current maturities of power bonds | 1,242 |  |  | 2,308 |
Current maturities of long-term debt of variable interest entities | 13 |  |  | 13 |
Total current liabilities | 6,228 |  |  | 6,988 |
Other liabilities |  |  |
Post-retirement and post-employment benefit obligations | 6,349 |  |  | 6,279 |
Asset retirement obligations | 3,324 |  |  | 3,289 |
Other long-term liabilities | 2,227 |  |  | 2,680 |
Leaseback obligations | 712 |  |  | 760 |
Energy prepayment obligations | 460 |  |  | 510 |
Environmental cleanup costs - Kingston ash spill | 91 |  |  | 143 |
Regulatory liabilities | 3 |  |  | 109 |
Total other liabilities | 13,166 |  |  | 13,770 |
Long-term debt, net |  |  |
Long-term power bonds, net | 20,959 |  |  | 20,269 |
Long-term debt of variable interest entities | 975 |  |  | 981 |
Total long-term debt, net | 21,934 |  |  | 21,250 |
Total liabilities | 41,328 |  |  | 42,008 |
Proprietary capital |  |  |
Power program appropriation investment | 278 |  |  | 288 |
Power program retained earnings | 4,302 |  |  | 4,492 |
Total power program proprietary capital | 4,580 |  |  | 4,780 |
Nonpower programs appropriation investment, net | 616 |  |  | 620 |
Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) | (32 | ) |  | (74 | )
Total proprietary capital | 5,164 |  |  | 5,326 |
Total liabilities and proprietary capital | $ | 46,492 |  |  | $ | 47,334 |
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

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TENNESSEE VALLEY AUTHORITY
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS (Unaudited)
For the six months ended March 31
(in millions)

| 2013 |  | 2012
Cash flows from operating activities |  |  |
Net income (loss) | $ | (191 | ) |  | $ | (267 | )
Adjustments to reconcile net income (loss) to net cash provided by operating activities |  |  |  |  |
Depreciation and amortization (including amortization of debt issuance costs and premiums/discounts) | 857 |  |  | 945 |
Amortization of nuclear fuel cost | 117 |  |  | 130 |
Non-cash retirement benefit expense | 311 |  |  | 304 |
Prepayment credits applied to revenue | (52 | ) |  | (53 | )
Fuel cost adjustment deferral | 55 |  |  | 54 |
Fuel cost tax equivalents | 3 |  |  | 16 |
Environmental cleanup costs – Kingston ash spill – non cash | 36 |  |  | 36 |
Changes in current assets and liabilities |  |  |  |  |
Accounts receivable, net | 312 |  |  | 472 |
Inventories and other, net | (54 | ) |  | (421 | )
Accounts payable and accrued liabilities | (171 | ) |  | (266 | )
Accrued interest | 22 |  |  | 25 |
Environmental cleanup costs – Kingston ash spill, net | (51 | ) |  | (58 | )
Other, net | (46 | ) |  | (50 | )
Net cash provided by operating activities | 1,148 |  |  | 867 |
Cash flows from investing activities |  |  |  |  |
Construction expenditures | (996 | ) |  | (1,143 | )
Nuclear fuel expenditures | (213 | ) |  | (225 | )
Loans and other receivables |  |  |  |  |
Advances | (4 | ) |  | (2 | )
Repayments | 5 |  |  | 5 |
Other, net | 4 |  |  | 6 |
Net cash used in investing activities | (1,204 | ) |  | (1,359 | )
Cash flows from financing activities |  |  |  |  |
Long-term debt |  |  |  |  |
Issues of power bonds | 1,067 |  |  | 69 |
Issues of variable interest entities | — |  |  | 1,000 |
Redemptions and repurchases of power bonds | (1,387 | ) |  | (125 | )
Redemptions of variable interest entities | (6 | ) |  | — |
Short-term debt issues (redemptions), net | 537 |  |  | (482 | )
Payments on leases and leasebacks | (55 | ) |  | (52 | )
Financing costs, net | (7 | ) |  | (10 | )
Change in restricted cash of variable interest entity | — |  |  | (30 | )
Payments to U.S. Treasury | (13 | ) |  | (13 | )
Other, net | (29 | ) |  | (1 | )
Net cash provided by financing activities | 107 |  |  | 356 |
Net change in cash and cash equivalents | 51 |  |  | (136 | )
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of period | 868 |  |  | 507 |
Cash and cash equivalents at end of period | $ | 919 |  |  | $ | 371 |
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

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TENNESSEE VALLEY AUTHORITY
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN PROPRIETARY CAPITAL (Unaudited)
For the three months ended March 31, 2013, and 2012
(in millions)

| Power Program Appropriation Investment |  | Power Program Retained Earnings |  | Nonpower Programs Appropriation Investment, Net |  | Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) |  | Total
Balance at December 31, 2011 (unaudited) | $ | 303 |  |  | $ | 4,257 |  |  | $ | 627 |  |  | $ | (93 | ) |  | $ | 5,094 |
Net income (loss) | — |  |  | (92 | ) |  | (2 | ) |  | — |  |  | (94 | )
Total other comprehensive income (loss) | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (7 | ) |  | (7 | )
Return on power program appropriation investment | — |  |  | (1 | ) |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (1 | )
Return of power program appropriation investment | (5 | ) |  | $ | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (5 | )
Balance at March 31, 2012 (unaudited) | $ | 298 |  |  | $ | 4,164 |  |  | $ | 625 |  |  | $ | (100 | ) |  | $ | 4,987 |
Balance at December 31, 2012 (unaudited) | $ | 283 |  |  | $ | 4,249 |  |  | $ | 617 |  |  | $ | (46 | ) |  | $ | 5,103 |
Net income (loss) | — |  |  | 55 |  |  | (1 | ) |  | — |  |  | 54 |
Total other comprehensive income (loss) | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 14 |  |  | 14 |
Return on power program appropriation investment | — |  |  | (2 | ) |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (2 | )
Return of power program appropriation investment | (5 | ) |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (5 | )
Balance at March 31, 2013 (unaudited) | $ | 278 |  |  | $ | 4,302 |  |  | $ | 616 |  |  | $ | (32 | ) |  | $ | 5,164 |
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

TENNESSEE VALLEY AUTHORITY
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN PROPRIETARY CAPITAL (Unaudited)
For the six months ended March 31, 2013, and 2012
(in millions)

| Power Program Appropriation Investment |  | Power Program Retained Earnings |  | Nonpower Programs Appropriation Investment, Net |  | Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) |  | Total
Balance at September 30, 2011 | $ | 308 |  |  | $ | 4,429 |  |  | $ | 630 |  |  | $ | (138 | ) |  | $ | 5,229 |
Net income (loss) | — |  |  | (262 | ) |  | (5 | ) |  | — |  |  | (267 | )
Total other comprehensive income (loss) | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 38 |  |  | 38 |
Return on power program appropriation investment | — |  |  | (3 | ) |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (3 | )
Return of power program appropriation investment | (10 | ) |  | $ | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (10 | )
Balance at March 31, 2012 (unaudited) | $ | 298 |  |  | $ | 4,164 |  |  | $ | 625 |  |  | $ | (100 | ) |  | $ | 4,987 |
Balance at September 30, 2012 | $ | 288 |  |  | $ | 4,492 |  |  | $ | 620 |  |  | $ | (74 | ) |  | $ | 5,326 |
Net income (loss) | — |  |  | (187 | ) |  | (4 | ) |  | — |  |  | (191 | )
Total other comprehensive income (loss) | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 42 |  |  | 42 |
Return on power program appropriation investment | — |  |  | (3 | ) |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (3 | )
Return of power program appropriation investment | (10 | ) |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (10 | )
Balance at March 31, 2013 (unaudited) | $ | 278 |  |  | $ | 4,302 |  |  | $ | 616 |  |  | $ | (32 | ) |  | $ | 5,164 |
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

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NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Unaudited)
(Dollars in millions except where noted)

Note No. | Page No.
1 |  | Summary of Significant Accounting Policies | 13
2 |  | Impact of New Accounting Standards and Interpretations | 15
3 |  | Accounts Receivable, Net | 16
4 |  | Inventories, Net | 16
5 |  | Other Long-Term Assets | 16
6 |  | Regulatory Assets and Liabilities | 17
7 |  | Variable Interest Entities | 17
8 |  | Kingston Fossil Plant Ash Spill | 18
9 |  | Other Long-Term Liabilities | 19
10 |  | Asset Retirement Obligations | 20
11 |  | Debt and Other Obligations | 20
12 |  | Lease/Leaseback Obligations | 21
13 |  | Risk Management Activities and Derivative Transactions | 22
14 |  | Fair Value Measurements | 28
15 |  | Other Income (Expense), Net | 35
16 |  | Benefit Plans | 35
17 |  | Legal Proceedings | 35
18 |  | Subsequent Event s | 39

1. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies
General
The Tennessee Valley Authority ("TVA") is a corporate agency and instrumentality of the United States that was created in 1933 by legislation enacted by the United States ("U.S.") Congress in response to a request by President Franklin D. Roosevelt. TVA was created to, among other things, improve navigation on the Tennessee River, reduce the damage from destructive flood waters within the Tennessee River system and downstream on the lower Ohio and Mississippi Rivers, further the economic development of TVA's service area in the southeastern United States, and sell the electricity generated at the facilities TVA operates.
Today, TVA operates the nation's largest public power system and supplies power in most of Tennessee, northern Alabama, northeastern Mississippi, and southwestern Kentucky and in portions of northern Georgia, western North Carolina, and southwestern Virginia to a population of over nine million people.
TVA also manages the Tennessee River, its tributaries, and certain shorelines to provide, among other things, year-round navigation, flood damage reduction, and affordable and reliable electricity. Consistent with these primary purposes, TVA also manages the river system to provide recreational opportunities, adequate water supply, improved water quality, natural resource protection, and economic development.
The power program has historically been separate and distinct from the stewardship programs. It is required to be self-supporting from power revenues and proceeds from power financings, such as proceeds from the issuance of bonds, notes, or other evidences of indebtedness ("Bonds"). Although TVA does not currently receive congressional appropriations, it is required to make annual payments to the U.S. Treasury in repayment of and as a return on the government's appropriation investment in TVA's power facilities (the "Power Program Appropriation Investment"). In the 1998 Energy and Water Development Appropriations Act, Congress directed TVA to fund essential stewardship activities related to its management of the Tennessee River system and nonpower or stewardship properties with power revenues in the event that there were insufficient appropriations or other available funds to pay for such activities in any fiscal year. Congress has not provided any appropriations to TVA to fund such activities since 1999. Consequently, during 2000, TVA began paying for essential stewardship activities primarily with power revenues, with the remainder funded with user fees and other forms of revenues derived in connection with those activities. The activities related to stewardship properties do not meet the criteria of an operating segment under accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America ("GAAP"). Accordingly, these assets and properties are included as part of the power program, TVA's only operating segment.
Power rates are established by the TVA Board of Directors (the "TVA Board") as authorized by the Tennessee Valley Authority Act of 1933, as amended, 16 U.S.C. §§ 831-831ee (as amended, the “TVA Act”). The TVA Act requires TVA to charge
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rates for power that will produce gross revenues sufficient to provide funds for operation, maintenance, and administration of its power system; payments to states and counties in lieu of taxes ("tax equivalents"); debt service on outstanding indebtedness; payments to the U.S. Treasury in repayment of and as a return on the Power Program Appropriation Investment; and such additional margin as the TVA Board may consider desirable for investment in power system assets, retirement of outstanding Bonds in advance of maturity, additional reduction of the Power Program Appropriation Investment, and other purposes connected with TVA's power business. In setting TVA's rates, the TVA Board is charged by the TVA Act to have due regard for the primary objectives of the TVA Act, including the objective that power shall be sold at rates as low as are feasible. Rates set by the TVA Board are not subject to review or approval by any state or other federal regulatory body.
Fiscal Year
TVA's fiscal year ends September 30. Years (2013, 2012, etc.) refer to TVA's fiscal years unless they are preceded by “CY,” in which case the references are to calendar years.
Cost-Based Regulation
Since the TVA Board is authorized by the TVA Act to set rates for power sold to its customers, TVA is self-regulated. Additionally, TVA's regulated rates are designed to recover its costs of providing electricity. In view of demand for electricity and the level of competition, TVA believes that rates, set at levels that will recover TVA's costs, can be charged and collected. As a result of these factors, TVA records certain assets and liabilities that result from the regulated ratemaking process that would not be recorded under GAAP for non-regulated entities. Regulatory assets generally represent incurred costs that have been deferred because such costs are probable of future recovery in customer rates. Regulatory liabilities generally represent obligations to make refunds to customers for previous collections for costs that are not likely to be incurred or deferrals of gains that will be credited to customers in future periods. TVA assesses whether the regulatory assets are probable of future recovery by considering factors such as applicable regulatory changes, potential legislation, and changes in technology. Based on these assessments, TVA believes the existing regulatory assets are probable of recovery. This determination reflects the current regulatory and political environment and is subject to change in the future. In the event that accounting rules for rate regulation were no longer applicable, TVA would be required to write off its regulatory assets and liabilities, resulting in charges to net income and other comprehensive income.
Basis of Presentation
TVA prepares its consolidated interim financial statements in conformity with GAAP for consolidated interim financial information. Accordingly, TVA's consolidated interim financial statements do not include all of the information and notes required by GAAP for annual financial statements. As such, they should be read in conjunction with the audited financial statements for the year ended September 30, 2012, and the notes thereto, which are contained in TVA's Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended September 30, 2012 (the “Annual Report”). In the opinion of management, all adjustments (consisting of items of a normal recurring nature) considered necessary for fair presentation are included in the interim financial statements.
The accompanying consolidated interim financial statements include the accounts of TVA and two variable interest entities ("VIEs"), created in January 2012, of which TVA is the primary beneficiary. See Note 7. Intercompany balances and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation.
Use of Estimates
The preparation of financial statements requires TVA to estimate the effects of various matters that are inherently uncertain as of the date of the consolidated financial statements. Although the consolidated financial statements are prepared in conformity with GAAP, TVA is required to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities, and the amounts of revenues and expenses reported during the reporting period. Each of these estimates varies in regard to the level of judgment involved and its potential impact on TVA's financial results. Estimates are deemed critical either when a different estimate could have reasonably been used or where changes in the estimate are reasonably likely to occur from period to period and such use or change would materially impact TVA's financial condition, results of operations, or cash flows.
Reclassifications
Certain reclassifications have been made to the 2012 financial statements to conform to the 2013 presentation. In the Cash flows from operating activities section of the Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows, $67 million previously reported as changes in Other, net and $(323) million previously reported as changes in Margin cash collateral, net for the six months ended March 31, 2012, were reclassified as Inventory and other, net.
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Allowance for Uncollectible Accounts
The allowance for uncollectible accounts reflects TVA's estimate of probable losses inherent in its accounts and loans receivable balances. TVA determines the allowance based on known accounts, historical experience, and other currently available information including events such as customer bankruptcy and/or a customer failing to fulfill payment arrangements after 90 days. It also reflects TVA's corporate credit department's assessment of the financial condition of customers and the credit quality of the receivables.
The allowance for uncollectible accounts was $4 million and $7 million at March 31, 2013 and September 30, 2012, respectively, for accounts receivable. Additionally, loans receivable of $79 million and $76 million at March 31, 2013 and September 30, 2012, respectively, are included in Other long-term assets and reported net of allowances for uncollectible accounts of $11 million and $12 million, respectively.
Blended Low-Enriched Uranium Program
Under the blended low-enriched uranium ("BLEU") program, TVA, the Department of Energy ("DOE"), and certain nuclear fuel contractors have entered into agreements providing for the DOE's surplus of enriched uranium to be blended with other uranium down to a level that allows the blended uranium to be fabricated into fuel that can be used in nuclear power plants. Under the terms of an interagency agreement between TVA and the DOE, in exchange for supplying highly enriched uranium materials to the appropriate third-party fuel processors for processing into usable BLEU fuel for TVA, the DOE participates to a degree in the savings generated by TVA’s use of this blended nuclear fuel. Over the life of the program, TVA projects that the DOE’s share of savings generated by TVA’s use of this blended nuclear fuel could result in future payments to the DOE of as much as $250 million. TVA accrues an obligation with each BLEU reload batch related to the portion of the ultimate future payments estimated to be attributable to the BLEU fuel currently in use. At March 31, 2013, this obligation was $34 million.
2. Impact of New Accounting Standards and Interpretations
Comprehensive Income. In June 2011, the Financial Accounting Standards Board ("FASB") issued guidance that requires adjustments to the presentation of TVA's financial information. The guidance eliminated the option to report comprehensive income and its components in the statement of changes in proprietary capital. The guidance required the presentation of net income and other comprehensive income in either one continuous statement or in two separate but consecutive statements. TVA chose the two statement approach. These changes became effective for TVA on October 1, 2012. The adoption of this guidance did not have an impact on TVA's financial condition, results of operations, or cash flows.
The following accounting standards have been issued, but as of March 31, 2013, were not effective and had not been adopted by TVA.
Balance Sheet. In December 2011, FASB issued guidance that requires additional disclosures relating to the rights of offset or other netting arrangements of assets and liabilities that are presented on a net or gross basis in the consolidated balance sheets. The guidance applies to derivative and other financial instruments and requires the disclosure of the gross amounts subject to offset, actual amounts offset in accordance with GAAP, and the related net exposure. These changes will become effective for TVA on October 1, 2013, and will be applied on a retrospective basis. Since this guidance relates solely to enhanced disclosures in the notes to the consolidated financial statements, it will not have an impact on TVA's financial condition, results of operations, or cash flows.
Comprehensive Income. In February 2013, FASB issued guidance that requires public reporting companies under the Securities Act to present information about reclassification adjustments from accumulated other comprehensive income in their annual and interim financial statements in a single location. The guidance requires that companies present the effect of significant amounts reclassified from each component of accumulated other comprehensive income based on its source and the income statement line items affected by the reclassification. This information may be disclosed either in a single note or parenthetically on the face of the financial statements. If a component is not required to be reclassified to net income in its entirety, companies must cross reference to the related footnote for additional information. These changes will become effective for TVA on October 1, 2013, and will be applied on a prospective basis. This guidance relates solely to enhanced disclosures and will not have an impact on TVA’s financial condition, results of operations, or cash flows.
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3. Accounts Receivable, Net
Accounts receivable primarily consist of amounts due from customers for power sales. The table below summarizes the types and amounts of TVA’s accounts receivable:

Accounts Receivable, Net
| At March 31, 2013 |  | At September 30, 2012
Power receivables | $ | 1,293 |  |  | $ | 1,585 |
Other receivables | 72 |  |  | 88 |
Allowance for uncollectible accounts | (4 | ) |  | (7 | )
Accounts receivable, net | $ | 1,361 |  |  | $ | 1,666 |

4. Inventories, Net
The table below summarizes the types and amounts of TVA’s inventories:

Inventories, Net
| At March 31, 2013 |  | At September 30, 2012
Materials and supplies inventory | $ | 617 |  |  | $ | 605 |
Fuel inventory | 578 |  |  | 508 |
Emission allowance inventory | 15 |  |  | 12 |
Allowance for inventory obsolescence | (32 | ) |  | (28 | )
Inventories, net | $ | 1,178 |  |  | $ | 1,097 |

5. Other Long-Term Assets
The table below summarizes the types and amounts of TVA’s other long-term assets:

Other Long-Term Assets
| At March 31, 2013 |  | At September 30, 2012
EnergyRight® receivables | $ | 117 |  |  | $ | 115 |
Loans and other long-term receivables, net | 79 |  |  | 76 |
Currency swap asset | 14 |  |  | 21 |
Coal contract derivative assets | 2 |  |  | 107 |
Other | 193 |  |  | 190 |
Total other long-term assets | $ | 405 |  |  | $ | 509 |

TVA guarantees repayment on certain loans receivable from customers of TVA's distributors in association with the EnergyRight® Solutions program. TVA sells the loans receivable to a third-party bank and has agreed with the bank to purchase any loan receivable that has been in default for 180 days or more or that TVA has determined is uncollectible. The loans receivable, and the associated obligation to purchase those loans, are shown in Other long-term assets and Other long-term liabilities, respectively, on TVA's consolidated balance sheets. The current portion of the loans receivable and the associated obligation to purchase those loans are shown in Current assets and Current liabilities, respectively, on TVA's consolidated balance sheets. At March 31, 2013, the carrying amount of the loans receivable, net of discount, was approximately $151 million. The carrying amount of the associated obligation to purchase those loans was approximately $186 million.
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6. Regulatory Assets and Liabilities
Regulatory assets generally represent incurred costs that have been deferred because such costs are probable of future recovery in customer rates. Regulatory liabilities generally represent obligations to make refunds to customers for previous collections for costs that are not likely to be incurred or deferrals of gains that will be credited to customers in future periods. Components of regulatory assets and regulatory liabilities are summarized in the table below.

Regulatory Assets and Liabilities
| At March 31, 2013 |  | At September 30, 2012
Current regulatory assets |  |  |
Deferred nuclear generating units | $ | 236 |  |  | $ | 237 |
Unrealized losses on commodity derivatives | 174 |  |  | 310 |
Environmental agreements | 89 |  |  | 87 |
Environmental cleanup costs - Kingston ash spill | 72 |  |  | 72 |
Fuel cost adjustment receivable | 13 |  |  | 68 |
Total current regulatory assets | 584 |  |  | 774 |
Non-current regulatory assets |  |  |  |  |
Deferred pension costs and other post-retirement benefits costs | 5,331 |  |  | 5,517 |
Unrealized losses on interest rate derivatives | 1,119 |  |  | 1,332 |
Nuclear decommissioning costs | 890 |  |  | 914 |
Environmental cleanup costs - Kingston ash spill | 756 |  |  | 797 |
Construction costs | 619 |  |  | 619 |
Non-nuclear decommissioning costs | 556 |  |  | 550 |
Deferred nuclear generating units | 354 |  |  | 473 |
Environmental agreements | 226 |  |  | 237 |
Unrealized losses on commodity derivatives | 157 |  |  | 335 |
Other non-current regulatory assets | 344 |  |  | 353 |
Total non-current regulatory assets | 10,352 |  |  | 11,127 |
Total regulatory assets | $ | 10,936 |  |  | $ | 11,901 |
Current regulatory liabilities |  |  |  |  |
Fuel cost adjustment tax equivalents | $ | 177 |  |  | $ | 173 |
Unrealized gains on commodity derivatives | 11 |  |  | 18 |
Total current regulatory liabilities | 188 |  |  | 191 |
Non-current regulatory liabilities |  |  |  |  |
Unrealized gains on commodity derivatives | 3 |  |  | 109 |
Total non-current regulatory liabilities | 3 |  |  | 109 |
Total regulatory liabilities | $ | 191 |  |  | $ | 300 |

7. Variable Interest Entities
On January 17, 2012, TVA entered into a $1.0 billion construction management agreement and lease financing arrangement with John Sevier Combined Cycle Generation LLC ("JSCCG") for the completion and lease by TVA of the John Sevier Combined Cycle Facility ("John Sevier CCF"). JSCCG is a special single-purpose limited liability company formed in January 2012 to finance the John Sevier CCF through a $900 million secured note issuance (the “JSCCG notes”) and the issuance of $100 million of membership interests subject to mandatory redemption. The membership interests were purchased by John Sevier Holdco LLC ("Holdco"). Holdco is a special single-purpose entity, also formed in January 2012, established to acquire and hold the membership interests in JSCCG. A non-controlling interest in Holdco is held by a third party through nominal membership interests, to which none of the income or expenses of Holdco are allocated.
The membership interests held by Holdco in JSCCG were purchased with proceeds from the issuance of $100 million of secured notes (the “Holdco notes") and are subject to mandatory redemption pursuant to scheduled amortizing, semi-annual
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payments due each January 15 and July 15, with a final payment due on January 15, 2042. The payment dates for the mandatorily redeemable membership interests are the same as those of the Holdco notes. The sale of the JSCCG notes, the membership interests in JSCCG, and the Holdco notes closed on January 17, 2012. The JSCCG notes are secured by TVA’s lease payments, and the Holdco notes are secured by Holdco's investment in, and amounts receivable from, JSCCG. TVA’s lease payments to JSCCG are equal to and payable on the same dates as JSCCG’s and Holdco’s semi-annual debt service payments. In addition to the lease payments, TVA pays the administrative or miscellaneous expenses incurred by JSCCG and Holdco. Certain agreements related to this transaction contain default and acceleration provisions.
Due to its participation in the design, business conduct, and credit and financial support of JSCCG and Holdco, TVA is deemed to have a variable interest in each of these entities. Accordingly, TVA performs continual qualitative evaluations regarding which interest holders have the power to direct the activities that most significantly impact the economic performance of the entities and have the obligation to absorb losses or receive benefits that could be significant to the entities. The evaluations consider the purpose and design of the businesses, the risks that the businesses were designed to create and pass along to other entities, the activities of the businesses that can be directed and which party can direct them, and the expected relative impact of those activities on the economic performance of the businesses. TVA has the power to direct the activities of an entity when it has the ability to make key operating, investing and financing decisions, including, but not limited to, capital investment and the issuance or redemption of debt. Based on its analysis, TVA has determined that it is the primary beneficiary of JSCCG and Holdco and, as such, is required to account for the VIEs on a consolidated basis. Holdco’s membership interests in JSCCG are eliminated in consolidation.
The financial statement items attributable to carrying amounts and classifications of JSCCG and Holdco as reflected in the Consolidated Balance Sheets are as follows:

JSCCG and Holdco Summary of Impact on Consolidated Balance Sheets
| At March 31, 2013 |  | At September 30, 2012
Current liabilities |  |  |  |
Accrued interest | $ | 10 |  |  | $ | 10 |
Current maturities of long-term debt of variable interest entities | 13 |  |  | 13 |
Total current liabilities | 23 |  |  | 23 |
Long-term debt, net |  |  |
Long-term debt of variable interest entities | 975 |  |  | 981 |
Total long-term debt, net | 975 |  |  | 981 |
Total liabilities | $ | 998 |  |  | $ | 1,004 |

JSCCG’s and Holdco’s creditors do not have any recourse to the general credit of TVA. TVA does not have any obligations to provide financial support to JSCCG or Holdco other than as prescribed in the terms of the agreements related to this transaction.
8. Kingston Fossil Plant Ash Spill
The Event
In December 2008, one of the dredge cells at the Kingston Fossil Plant ("Kingston") failed, and approximately five million cubic yards of water and coal fly ash flowed out of the cell. TVA is continuing cleanup and recovery efforts in conjunction with federal and state agencies. TVA completed the removal of time-critical ash from the river during the third quarter of 2010, and removal of the remaining ash is considered to be non-time-critical. In November 2012, the Environmental Protection Agency ("EPA") and the Tennessee Department of Environment and Conservation ("TDEC") approved a plan to allow the Emory River's natural processes to remediate the remaining ash in the river, and to conduct a long-term monitoring program. TVA estimates that the physical cleanup work (final removal) will be completed in the first quarter of 2015. A final assessment, issuance of a completion report, and approval by the State of Tennessee and the EPA are expected to occur by the third quarter of 2015.
Claims and Litigation
See Note 17 — Legal Proceedings Related to the Kingston Ash Spill and Civil Penalty and Natural Resource Damages for the Kingston Ash Spill.
Financial Impact
Because of the uncertainty at this time of the final costs to complete the work prescribed by the ash disposal plan, a range of reasonable estimates has been developed by cost category. Known amounts, most likely scenarios, or the low end of
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the range for each category have been accumulated and evaluated to determine the total estimate. The range of costs varies from approximately $1.1 billion to approximately $1.2 billion.
TVA recorded an estimate of $1.1 billion for the cost of cleanup related to this event. In August 2009, TVA began using regulatory accounting treatment to defer all actual costs already incurred and expected future costs related to the ash spill. The cost is being charged to expense as it is collected in rates over 15 years, beginning October 1, 2009. As the estimate changes, additional costs may be deferred and charged to expense prospectively as they are collected in future rates.
As work continues to progress and more information is available, TVA will review its estimates and revise them as appropriate. TVA has accrued a portion of the estimated cost in current liabilities, with the remaining portion shown as a long-term liability on TVA's consolidated balance sheets. Amounts spent since the event through March 31, 2013, totaled $908 million. The remaining estimated liability at March 31, 2013, was $217 million.
TVA has not included the following categories of costs in the above estimate since it has been determined that these costs are currently either not probable or not reasonably estimable: penalties (other than the penalties set out in a June 2010 TDEC order), regulatory directives, natural resources damages (other than payments required under a memorandum of agreement with TDEC and the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service establishing a process and a method for resolving the natural resource damages claim), future lawsuits, future claims, long-term environmental impact costs, final long-term disposition of the ash processing area, costs associated with new laws and regulations, or costs of remediating any mixed waste discovered during the ash removal process. There are certain other costs that will be incurred that have not been included in the estimate as they are appropriately accounted for in other areas of the consolidated financial statements. Associated capital asset purchases are recorded in property, plant, and equipment. Ash handling and disposition costs from current plant operations are recorded in operating expenses. A portion of the dredge cell closure costs are also excluded from the estimate, as they are included in the non-nuclear asset retirement obligations ("ARO") liability.
Insurance
TVA had property and excess liability insurance programs in place at the time of the Kingston ash spill. TVA pursued claims under both the property and excess liability programs and has settled all of its property insurance claims and some of its excess liability insurance claims. TVA has received insurance proceeds of $50 million. In April 2012, TVA initiated arbitration proceedings against the remaining excess liability insurance companies in accordance with the policies’ dispute resolution provisions. TVA is seeking recovery of certain costs incurred in the cleanup project, including the costs of removing ash from property or waters owned by the State of Tennessee, and related expenses. Any amounts received related to insurance settlements are being recorded as reductions to the regulatory asset and will reduce amounts collected in future rates.
9. Other Long-Term Liabilities
Other long-term liabilities consist primarily of liabilities related to certain derivative instruments as well as liabilities under agreements related to compliance with certain environmental regulations (see Note 17 — Environmental Agreements). The table below summarizes the types and amounts of Other long-term liabilities:

Other Long-Term Liabilities
| At March 31, 2013 |  | At September 30, 2012
Interest rate swap liabilities | $ | 1,510 |  |  | $ | 1,723 |
Environmental agreements liability | 226 |  |  | 237 |
EnergyRight® purchase obligation | 149 |  |  | 148 |
Currency swap liabilities | 63 |  |  | 54 |
Coal contract derivative liabilities | 52 |  |  | 205 |
Commodity swap derivative liabilities | 41 |  |  | 59 |
Other | 186 |  |  | 254 |
Total other long-term liabilities | $ | 2,227 |  |  | $ | 2,680 |

TVA guarantees repayment on certain loans receivable from end-use customers in association with the EnergyRight® Solutions program. TVA sells the loans receivable to a third-party bank and has agreed with the bank to purchase any loan receivable that has been in default for 180 days or more or that TVA has determined is uncollectible. As of March 31, 2013, the carrying amount of the associated obligation to purchase those loans was approximately $186 million, of which $37 million is current and included in Accounts payable and accrued liabilities. See Note 5.
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10. Asset Retirement Obligations
During the six months ended March 31, 2013, TVA's total ARO liability increased $66 million. The increase in the liability was partially offset by ash area settlement projects that were conducted during the six months ended March 31, 2013. The nuclear and non-nuclear accretion were deferred as regulatory assets, and $20 million of the related regulatory assets was amortized into expense as this amount was collected in rates.

Reconciliation of Asset Retirement Obligation Liability |
| Nuclear |  | Non-Nuclear |  | Total |
Balance at September 30, 2012 | $ | 2,208 |  |  | $ | 1,081 |  |  | $ | 3,289 |  |
Settlements (ash storage areas) | — |  |  | (15 | ) |  | (15 | ) |
Accretion (recorded as regulatory asset) | 61 |  |  | 20 |  |  | 81 |  |
Balance at March 31, 2013 | $ | 2,269 |  |  | $ | 1,086 |  |  | $ | 3,355 |  | *

Note
* The current portion of ARO in the amount of $31 million is included in Accounts payable and accrued liabilities.
11. Debt and Other Obligations
Debt Outstanding
Total debt outstanding at March 31, 2013, and September 30, 2012, consisted of the following:

Debt Outstanding
| At March 31, 2013 |  | At September 30, 2012
Short-term debt |  |  |
Short-term debt, net | $ | 2,045 |  |  | $ | 1,507 |
Current maturities of long-term debt of variable interest entities | 13 |  |  | 13 |
Current maturities of power bonds | 1,242 |  |  | 2,308 |
Total current debt outstanding, net | 3,300 |  |  | 3,828 |
Long-term debt |  |  |  |  |
Long-term debt of variable interest entities | 975 |  |  | 981 |
Long-term power bonds | 21,042 |  |  | 20,330 |
Unamortized discounts, premiums and other | (83 | ) |  | (61 | )
Total long-term debt, net | 21,934 |  |  | 21,250 |
Total outstanding debt | $ | 25,234 |  |  | $ | 25,078 |

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Debt Securities Activity
The table below summarizes the long-term debt securities activity for the period from October 1, 2012, to March 31, 2013.

Debt Securities Activity
| Date |  | Amount |  | Interest Rate
Issues |  |  |  |  |
2012 Series B(1) | December 2012 |  | $ | 1,000 |  |  | 3.50 | %
electronotes® | Second Quarter 2013 |  | 92 |  |  | 3.21 | %
Discount on debt issues |  |  | (25 | ) |  |
Total long-term debt issuances |  |  | $ | 1,067 |  |  |
Redemptions/Maturities(2) |  |  |  |  |
2009 Series A | November 2012 |  | $ | 2 |  |  | 2.25 | %
2009 Series B | December 2012 |  | 1 |  |  | 3.77 | %
1998 Series C | March 2013 |  | 1,359 |  |  | 6.00 | %
electronotes® | First Quarter 2013 |  | 8 |  |  | 4.91 | %
electronotes® | Second Quarter 2013 |  | 17 |  |  | 4.98 | %
Total redemptions/maturities |  |  | $ | 1,387 |  |  |

Notes
(1) The 2012 Series B bonds were issued at 97.49 percent of par.
(2) All redemptions were at 100 percent of par.
Putable Automatic Rate Reset Securities. The interest rate on the 1999 Series A Putable Automatic Rate Reset Securities ("1999 Series A Bonds") was reset on May 1, 2013, from 4.15 percent to 3.96 percent. Because investors have the opportunity to put these securities to TVA in the event of a rate reset, and because the rates met the condition to reset as of March 31, 2013, TVA reclassified the outstanding principal balance of $271 million of 1999 Series A Bonds to current maturities of long-term debt at March 31, 2013. TVA redeemed $1 million of the 1999 Series A Bonds on May 1, 2013.
Credit Facility Agreements. TVA and the U.S. Treasury, pursuant to the TVA Act, have entered into a memorandum of understanding under which the U.S. Treasury provides TVA with a $150 million credit facility. This credit facility was renewed for fiscal year 2013 with a maturity date of September 30, 2013. Access to this credit facility or other similar financing arrangements with the U.S. Treasury has been available to TVA since the 1960s. TVA plans to use the U.S. Treasury credit facility as a secondary source of liquidity. The interest rate on any borrowing under this facility is based on the average rate on outstanding marketable obligations of the United States with maturities from date of issue of one year or less. There were no outstanding borrowings under the facility at March 31, 2013 or September 30, 2012.
TVA also has funding available in the form of three long-term revolving credit facilities totaling $2.5 billion. One $1.0 billion credit facility matures on June 25, 2017, another $1.0 billion credit facility matures on December 13, 2017, and the $0.5 billion credit facility matures on April 5, 2018. The $0.5 billion credit facility replaced a previous $0.5 billion credit facility maturing on January 14, 2014. See Note 18 — Credit Facility. The interest rate on any borrowing under these facilities varies based on market factors and the rating of TVA's senior unsecured long-term non-credit enhanced debt. TVA is required to pay an unused facility fee on the portion of the total $2.5 billion that TVA has not borrowed or committed under letters of credit. This fee, along with letter of credit fees, may fluctuate depending on the rating of TVA's senior unsecured long-term non-credit enhanced debt. At March 31, 2013, there were $1.1 billion of letters of credit outstanding under the facilities, and there were no borrowings outstanding. See Note 13 — Other Derivative Instruments — Collateral.
12. Lease/Leaseback Obligations
Prior to 2004, TVA received approximately $945 million in proceeds by entering into leaseback transactions for 24 new peaking combustion turbine units ("CTs"). TVA also received approximately $389 million in proceeds by entering into a leaseback transaction for qualified technological equipment and software ("QTE") in 2003. Due to TVA's continuing involvement in the operation and maintenance of the leased units and equipment and its control over the distribution of power produced by the combustion turbine facilities during the leaseback term, TVA accounted for the lease proceeds as financing
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obligations. At March 31, 2013, and September 30, 2012, the outstanding leaseback obligations, related to CTs and QTE, were $780 million and $825 million, respectively.
Seven States Power Corporation ("Seven States"), through its subsidiary, Seven States Southaven, LLC ("SSSL"), exercised its option to purchase from TVA an undivided 90 percent interest in a combined-cycle combustion turbine facility in Southaven, Mississippi. As part of interim joint-ownership arrangements, Seven States has the right at any time during the interim period, and for any reason, to require TVA to buy back SSSL's interest in the facility. The interim period under the joint-ownership arrangements was to expire on April 23, 2013. On April 18, 2013, TVA and Seven States, through SSSL, agreed to extend the expiration date of the interim joint ownership arrangements to September 5, 2013. The other material terms and conditions of the arrangements were not changed and remain in full force and effect. TVA intends to re-acquire SSSL's interest in the facility and the related assets either on or prior to the extended expiration date of September 5, 2013. The carrying amount of the Southaven obligation on TVA's consolidated balance sheets was approximately $370 million at March 31, 2013, and $378 million at September 30, 2012. On March 31, 2013, this obligation was recorded in Current portion of leaseback obligations on the Consolidated Balance Sheets.
13. Risk Management Activities and Derivative Transactions
TVA is exposed to various risks. These include risks related to commodity prices, investment prices, interest rates, currency exchange rates, inflation, and counterparty credit and performance risks. To help manage certain of these risks, TVA has entered into various derivative transactions, principally commodity option contracts, forward contracts, swaps, swaptions, futures, and options on futures. Other than certain derivative instruments in investment funds, it is TVA's policy to enter into these derivative transactions solely for hedging purposes and not for speculative purposes.
Overview of Accounting Treatment
TVA recognizes certain of its derivative instruments as either assets or liabilities on its consolidated balance sheets at fair value. The accounting for changes in the fair value of these instruments depends on (1) whether TVA uses regulatory accounting to defer the derivative gains and losses, (2) whether the derivative instrument has been designated and qualifies for hedge accounting treatment, and (3) if so, the type of hedge relationship (for example, cash flow hedge).
The following tables summarize the accounting treatment that certain of TVA's financial derivative transactions receive.

Summary of Derivative Instruments That Receive Hedge Accounting Treatment (part 1)
|  |  |  |  |  | Amount of Mark-to-Market(1) Gain (Loss) Recognized in Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)(2) Three Months Ended March 31 |  | Amount of Mark-to-Market Gain (Loss) Recognized in Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) Six Months Ended March 31
Derivatives in Cash Flow Hedging Relationship |  | Objective of Hedge Transaction |  | Accounting for Derivative Hedging Instrument |  | 2013 |  | 2012 |  | 2013 |  | 2012
Currency swaps |  | To protect against changes in cash flows caused by changes in foreign currency exchange rates (exchange rate risk) |  | Cumulative unrealized gains and losses are recorded in OCI and reclassified to interest expense to the extent they are offset by cumulative gains and losses on the hedged transaction |  | $ | (49 | ) |  | $ | 21 |  |  | $ | (16 | ) |  | $ | 64 |

Notes
(1) Mark-to-Market ("MtM")
(2) Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) ("OCI")
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Summary of Derivative Instruments That Receive Hedge Accounting Treatment (part 2)
|  | Amount of Gain (Loss) Reclassified from OCI to Interest Expense Three Months Ended March 31 |  | Amount of Gain (Loss) Reclassified from OCI to Interest Expense Six Months Ended March 31
Derivatives in Cash Flow Hedging Relationship |  | 2013 |  | 2012 |  | 2013 |  | 2012
Currency swaps |  | $ | 63 |  |  | $ | (28 | ) |  | $ | 58 |  |  | $ | (26 | )

Note
There were no ineffective portions or amounts excluded from effectiveness testing for any of the periods presented.

Summary of Derivative Instruments That Do Not Receive Hedge Accounting Treatment
|  |  |  |  |  | Amount of Gain (Loss) Recognized in Income on Derivatives Three Months Ended March 31(1) |  | Amount of Gain (Loss) Recognized in Income on Derivatives Six Months Ended March 31(1)
Derivative Type |  | Objective of Derivative |  | Accounting for Derivative Instrument |  | 2013 |  | 2012 |  | 2013 |  | 2012
Interest rate swaps |  | To fix short-term debt variable rate to a fixed rate (interest rate risk) |  | MtM gains and losses are recorded as regulatory assets or liabilities until settlement, at which time the gains/losses are recognized in gain/loss on derivative contracts. |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |
Commodity contract derivatives |  | To protect against fluctuations in market prices of purchased coal or natural gas (price risk) |  | MtM gains and losses are recorded as regulatory assets or liabilities. Realized gains and losses due to contract settlements are recognized in fuel expense as incurred. |  | — |  |  | (3 | ) |  | — |  |  | (16 | )
Commodity derivatives under financial trading program ("FTP") |  | To protect against fluctuations in market prices of purchased commodities (price risk) |  | MtM gains and losses are recorded as regulatory assets or liabilities. Realized gains and losses are recognized in fuel expense or purchased power expense when the related commodity is used in production. |  | (32 | ) |  | (88 | ) |  | (77 | ) |  | (144 | )

Note
(1) All of TVA's derivative instruments that do not receive hedge accounting treatment have unrealized gains (losses) that would otherwise be recognized in income
but instead are deferred as regulatory assets and liabilities. As such, there was no related gain (loss) recognized in income for these unrealized gains (losses) for the three and six months ended March 31, 2013, and 2012.
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Mark-to-Market Values of TVA Derivatives
| At March 31, 2013 |  | At September 30, 2012
Derivatives that Receive Hedge Accounting Treatment:
| Balance |  | Balance Sheet Presentation |  | Balance |  | Balance Sheet Presentation
Currency swaps |  |  |  |  |  |  |
£200 million Sterling | $ | (37 | ) |  | Other long-term liabilities |  | $ | (23 | ) |  | Other long-term liabilities
£250 million Sterling | 14 |  |  | Other long-term assets |  | 21 |  |  | Other long-term assets
£150 million Sterling | (26 | ) |  | Other long-term liabilities |  | (31 | ) |  | Other long-term liabilities
Derivatives that Do Not Receive Hedge Accounting Treatment:
| Balance |  | Balance Sheet Presentation |  | Balance |  | Balance Sheet Presentation
Interest rate swaps |  |  |  |  |  |  |
$1.0 billion notional | (1,101 | ) |  | Other long-term liabilities |  | (1,247 | ) |  | Other long-term liabilities
$476 million notional | (393 | ) |  | Other long-term liabilities |  | (458 | ) |  | Other long-term liabilities
$42 million notional | (16 | ) |  | Other long-term liabilities |  | (18 | ) |  | Other long-term liabilities
Commodity contract derivatives | (148 | ) |  | Other long-term assets $2; Other current assets $5; Other long-term liabilities $(52); Accounts payable and accrued liabilities $(103) |  | (267 | ) |  | Other long-term assets $107; Other current assets $12; Other long-term liabilities $(205); Accounts payable and accrued liabilities $(181)
FTP |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Margin cash account(1) | 19 |  |  | Other current assets |  | 43 |  |  | Other current assets
Derivatives under FTP | (161 | ) |  | Other long-term assets $1; Other current assets $(82); Other long-term liabilities $(41); Accounts payable and accrued liabilities $(39) |  | (229 | ) |  | Other long-term assets $2; Other current assets $(104); Other long-term liabilities $(60); Accounts payable and accrued liabilities $(67)

Note
(1) In accordance with certain credit terms, TVA uses leverage to trade financial instruments under the FTP. Therefore, the margin cash account balance does not represent 100 percent of the net market value of the derivative positions outstanding as shown in the Derivatives Under Financial Trading Program table.
Cash Flow Hedging Strategy for Currency Swaps
To protect against exchange rate risk related to three British pound sterling denominated Bond transactions, TVA entered into foreign currency hedges at the time the Bond transactions occurred. TVA had the following currency swaps outstanding as of March 31, 2013:

Currency Swaps Outstanding At March 31, 2013
Effective Date of Currency Swap Contract |  | Associated TVA Bond Issues Currency Exposure |  | Expiration Date of Swap |  | Overall Effective Cost to TVA
1999 |  | £200 million |  | 2021 |  | 5.81%
2001 |  | £250 million |  | 2032 |  | 6.59%
2003 |  | £150 million |  | 2043 |  | 4.96%

When the dollar strengthens against the British pound sterling, the transaction gain on the Bond liability is offset by a currency exchange loss on the swap contract. Conversely, when the dollar weakens against the British pound sterling, the transaction loss on the Bond liability is offset by an exchange gain on the swap contract. All such exchange gains or losses on the Bond liability are included in Long-term debt, net. The offsetting exchange losses or gains on the swap contracts are recognized in Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss). If any gain (loss) were to be incurred as a result of the early termination of the foreign currency swap contract, the resulting income (expense) would be amortized over the remaining life of the associated Bond as a component of Interest expense.
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Derivatives Not Receiving Hedge Accounting Treatment
Interest Rate Derivatives. In March 2012, the counterparty to TVA's only outstanding swaption agreement exercised its option to enter into an interest rate swap with TVA, effective April 15, 2012, requiring TVA to make fixed-rate payments to the counterparty of 8.25 percent and the counterparty to make floating rate payments to TVA based on LIBOR until April 15, 2042. These payments are based on a notional principal amount of $1.0 billion and began on July 15, 2012.
TVA uses regulatory accounting treatment to defer the MtM gains and losses on the interest rate swaps. The net deferred unrealized gains and losses are classified as regulatory assets or liabilities on TVA's consolidated balance sheets and are included in the ratemaking formula when the transactions settle. The values of these derivatives are included in Other long-term assets or Other long-term liabilities on the consolidated balance sheets, and realized gains and losses, if any, are included in TVA's consolidated statements of operations.
For the three and six months ended March 31, 2013, the changes in market value of the interest rate swaps resulted in deferred unrealized gains of $99 million and $213 million, respectively.
Commodity Derivatives. TVA enters into certain derivative contracts for coal and natural gas that require physical delivery of the contracted quantity of the commodity. TVA marks to market all such contracts. At March 31, 2013, and September 30, 2012, TVA's coal contract derivatives had net market values of $(148) million and $(267) million, respectively, which TVA deferred as regulatory assets or liabilities on a gross basis. At March 31, 2013, TVA's coal contract derivatives had terms of up to five years. At March 31, 2013, and September 30, 2012, TVA's natural gas derivative contracts had total market values of less than $1 million. At March 31, 2013, these natural gas derivative contracts had terms of up to two years.

Commodity Contract Derivatives
| At March 31, 2013 |  | At September 30, 2012
| Number of Contracts |  | Notional Amount |  | Fair Value (MtM) |  | Number of Contracts |  | Notional Amount |  | Fair Value (MtM)
Coal contract derivatives | 21 |  | 43 million tons |  | $ | (148 | ) |  | 23 |  | 46 million tons |  | $ | (267 | )
Natural gas contract derivatives | 14 |  | 45 million mmBtu |  | $ | — |  |  | 25 |  | 51 million mmBtu |  | $ | — |

Derivatives Under FTP. TVA has an FTP under which it purchases and sells futures, swaps, options, and combinations of these instruments (as long as they are standard in the industry) to hedge TVA’s exposure to (1) the price of natural gas, fuel oil, electricity, coal, emission allowances, nuclear fuel, and other commodities included in TVA’s fuel cost adjustment calculation, (2) the price of construction materials, and (3) contracts for goods priced in or indexed to foreign currencies. The combined transaction limit for the fuel cost adjustment and construction material transactions is $130 million (based on one-day value at risk). In addition, the maximum hedge volume for the construction material transactions is 75 percent of the underlying net notional volume of the material that TVA anticipates using in approved TVA projects, and the market value of all outstanding hedging transactions involving construction materials is limited to $100 million at the execution of any new transaction. The portfolio value at risk limit for the foreign currency transactions is $5 million and is separate and distinct from the $130 million transaction limit discussed above. TVA's policy prohibits trading financial instruments under the FTP for speculative purposes.
At March 31, 2013, the risks hedged under the FTP were the economic risks associated with the prices of natural gas, fuel oil and crude oil. All futures contracts and option contracts under the FTP have expired. Swap contracts under the FTP had remaining terms of five years or less.
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Derivatives Under Financial Trading Program
| At March 31, 2013 |  | At September 30, 2012
| Notional Amount |  | Fair Value (MtM) (in millions) |  | Notional Amount |  | Fair Value (MtM) (in millions)
Natural gas (in mmBtu) |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Futures contracts | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | — |  |  | $ | — |
Swap contracts | 195,127,500 |  |  | (164 | ) |  | 294,462,500 |  |  | (232 | )
Option contracts | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Natural gas financial positions | 195,127,500 |  |  | $ | (164 | ) |  | 294,462,500 |  |  | $ | (232 | )
Fuel oil/crude oil (in barrels) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Futures contracts | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | — |  |  | $ | — |
Swap contracts | 1,184,000 |  |  | 3 |  |  | 1,390,000 |  |  | 4 |
Option contracts | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Fuel oil/crude oil financial positions | 1,184,000 |  |  | $ | 3 |  |  | 1,390,000 |  |  | $ | 4 |
Coal (in tons) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Futures contracts | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | — |  |  | $ | — |
Swap contracts | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Option contracts | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Coal financial positions | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | — |  |  | $ | — |

Note
Due to the right of setoff and method of settlement, TVA elects to record commodity derivatives under the FTP based on its net commodity position with the broker or other counterparty. Notional amounts disclosed represent the net absolute value of contractual amounts.
TVA defers all FTP unrealized gains (losses) as regulatory liabilities (assets) and records only realized gains or losses to match the delivery period of the underlying commodity. In addition to the open commodity derivatives disclosed above, TVA had closed derivative contracts with market values of $(6) million at March 31, 2013, and $(21) million at September 30, 2012. TVA experienced the following unrealized and realized gains and losses related to the FTP at the dates and during the periods, as applicable, set forth in the tables below:

FTP Unrealized Gains (Losses)
FTP unrealized gains (losses) deferred as regulatory liabilities (assets) |  | At March 31, 2013 |  | At September 30, 2012
Natural gas |  | $ | (164 | ) |  | $ | (232 | )
Fuel oil/crude oil |  | 3 |  |  | 4 |

FTP Realized Gains (Losses)
|  | For the Three Months Ended March 31 |  | For the Six Months Ended March 31
(Increase) decrease in fuel expense |  | 2013 |  | 2012 |  | 2013 |  | 2012
Natural gas |  | $ | (20 | ) |  | $ | (16 | ) |  | $ | (48 | ) |  | $ | (16 | )
Fuel oil/crude oil |  | — |  |  | 2 |  |  | 2 |  |  | 7 |
Coal |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (1 | ) |  | 1 |

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FTP Realized Gains (Losses)
|  | For the Three Months Ended March 31 |  | For the Six Months Ended March 31
(Increase) decrease in purchased power expense |  | 2013 |  | 2012 |  | 2013 |  | 2012
Natural gas |  | $ | (13 | ) |  | $ | (74 | ) |  | $ | (32 | ) |  | $ | (136 | )

Other Derivative Instruments
Investment Fund Derivatives. Investment funds consist primarily of funds held in the Nuclear Decommissioning Trust ("NDT"), Asset Retirement Trust ("ART"), and Supplemental Executive Retirement Plan ("SERP"). All securities in the trusts are classified as trading. See Note 14 — Investments for a discussion of the trusts' objectives and the types of investments included in the various trusts. These trusts may invest in derivative instruments which may include swaps, futures, options, forwards, and other instruments. At March 31, 2013, and September 30, 2012, the fair value of derivative instruments in these trusts was not material to TVA's consolidated financial statements.
Collateral. TVA's interest rate swaps and currency swaps contain contract provisions that require a party to post collateral (in a form such as cash or a letter of credit) when the party's liability balance under the agreement exceeds a certain threshold. At March 31, 2013, the aggregate fair value of all derivative instruments with credit-risk related contingent features that were in a liability position was $1.6 billion. TVA's collateral obligations at March 31, 2013, under these arrangements was $1.1 billion, for which TVA had posted $1.1 billion in letters of credit. These letters of credit reduce the available balance under the related credit facilities. TVA's assessment of the risk of its nonperformance includes a reduction in its exposure under the contract as a result of this posted collateral.
For all of its derivative instruments with credit-risk related contingent features:

• | If TVA remains a majority-owned U.S. government entity but Standard & Poor's ("S&P") or Moody's Investors Service ("Moody's") downgrades TVA's credit rating to AA or Aa2, respectively, TVA's collateral obligations would likely increase by $22 million; and

• | If TVA ceases to be majority-owned by the U.S. government, TVA's credit rating would likely be downgraded and TVA would be required to post additional collateral.

Counterparty Credit Risk
Credit risk is the exposure to economic loss that would occur as a result of a counterparty's nonperformance of its contractual obligations. Where exposed to counterparty credit risk, TVA analyzes the counterparty's financial condition prior to entering into an agreement, establishes credit limits, monitors the appropriateness of those limits, as well as any changes in the creditworthiness of the counterparty on an ongoing basis, and employs credit mitigation measures, such as collateral or prepayment arrangements and master purchase and sale agreements, to mitigate credit risk.
Credit of Customers. The majority of TVA's counterparty credit risk is associated with trade accounts receivable from delivered power sales to municipal and cooperative distributor customers, all located in the Tennessee Valley region. To a lesser extent, TVA is exposed to credit risk from industries and federal agencies directly served and from exchange power arrangements with a small number of investor-owned regional utilities related to either delivered power or the replacement of open positions of longer-term purchased power or fuel agreements. TVA had concentrations of accounts receivable from two municipal and cooperative customers that represented 18 percent of total outstanding accounts receivable at March 31, 2013. TVA had concentrations of accounts receivable from three municipal and cooperative customers that represented 26 percent of total outstanding accounts receivable at September 30, 2012. Power sales to TVA's largest directly served industrial customer represented five percent of TVA's total operating revenues for the six months ended March 31, 2013. This customer's senior unsecured credit ratings are currently rated below investment grade by both S&P and Moody's. As a result of its credit ratings, this customer has provided credit assurance to TVA under the terms of its power contract.
Credit of Derivative Counterparties. TVA has entered into derivative contracts for hedging purposes, and TVA's NDT fund and defined benefit pension plan have entered into derivative contracts for investment purposes. If a counterparty to one of TVA's hedging transactions defaults, TVA might incur substantial costs in connection with entering into a replacement hedging transaction. If a counterparty to the derivative contracts into which the NDT fund and the pension plan have entered for investment purposes defaults, the value of the investment could decline significantly or perhaps become worthless. TVA has concentrations of credit risk from the banking and coal industries because multiple companies in these industries serve as counterparties to TVA in various derivative transactions. At March 31, 2013, all of TVA's currency swaps, interest rate swaps, and commodity derivatives under the FTP were with counterparties whose Moody's credit rating was Baa1 or higher. At
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March 31, 2013, all of TVA's coal contract derivatives were with counterparties whose Moody's credit rating, or TVA's internal analysis when such information was unavailable, was B3 or higher. See Derivatives Not Receiving Hedge Accounting Treatment.
TVA currently utilizes two active futures commission merchants ("FCMs") to clear commodity contracts, including futures, options and similar financial derivatives. These transactions are executed under the FTP by the FCMs on exchanges on behalf of TVA. TVA maintains margin cash accounts with the FCMs. See notes to the Mark-to-Market Values of TVA Derivatives table.
Credit of Suppliers. If one of TVA's fuel or purchased power suppliers fails to perform under the terms of its contract with TVA, TVA might lose the money that it paid to the supplier under the contract and have to purchase replacement fuel or power on the spot market, perhaps at a significantly higher price than TVA was entitled to pay under the contract. In addition, TVA might not be able to acquire replacement fuel or power in a timely manner and thus might be unable to satisfy its own obligations to deliver power. To help ensure a reliable supply of coal, TVA had coal contracts with 11 different suppliers at March 31, 2013. The contracted supply of coal is sourced from multiple geographic regions of the United States and is to be delivered via various transportation methods (for example, barge, rail, and truck). TVA purchases all of its natural gas requirements from a variety of suppliers under short-term contracts.
TVA has a power purchase agreement that expires on March 31, 2032, with a supplier of electricity for 440 megawatts ("MW") of summer net capability from a lignite-fired generating plant. TVA has determined that the supplier has the equivalent of a non-investment grade credit rating; therefore, the supplier has provided credit assurance to TVA under the terms of the agreement.
The senior unsecured credit ratings of TVA's largest supplier of uranium enrichment services, which is also TVA's largest industrial customer directly served, are currently rated below investment grade by both S&P and Moody's. Any nonperformance by this company could result in TVA incurring additional costs.
14. Fair Value Measurements
Fair value is determined based on the exchange price that would be received for an asset or paid to transfer a liability (an exit price) in the asset or liability's principal market, or in the absence of a principal market, the most advantageous market for the asset or liability in an orderly transaction between market participants. TVA uses market or observable inputs as the preferred source of values, followed by assumptions based on hypothetical transactions in the absence of market inputs.
Valuation Techniques
The measurement of fair value results in classification into a hierarchy by the inputs used to determine the fair value as follows:

Level 1 | — |  | Unadjusted quoted prices in active markets accessible by the reporting entity for identical assets or liabilities. Active markets are those in which transactions for the asset or liability occur with sufficient frequency and volume to provide pricing.
Level 2 | — |  | Pricing inputs other than quoted market prices included in Level 1 that are based on observable market data and that are directly or indirectly observable for substantially the full term of the asset or liability. These include quoted market prices for similar assets or liabilities, quoted market prices for identical or similar assets in markets that are not active, adjusted quoted market prices, inputs from observable data such as interest rate and yield curves, volatilities and default rates observable at commonly quoted intervals, and inputs derived from observable market data by correlation or other means.
Level 3 | — |  | Pricing inputs that are unobservable, or less observable, from objective sources. Unobservable inputs are only to be used to the extent observable inputs are not available. These inputs maintain the concept of an exit price from the perspective of a market participant and should reflect assumptions of other market participants. An entity should consider all market participant assumptions that are available without unreasonable cost and effort. These are given the lowest priority and are generally used in internally developed methodologies to generate management's best estimate of the fair value when no observable market data is available.

A financial instrument's level within the fair value hierarchy (where Level 3 is the lowest and Level 1 is the highest) is based on the lowest level of input significant to the fair value measurement.
The following sections describe the valuation methodologies TVA uses to measure different financial instruments at fair value. Except for gains and losses on SERP assets, all changes in fair value of these assets and liabilities have been reflected as changes in regulatory assets, regulatory liabilities, or accumulated other comprehensive loss on TVA's Consolidated Balance Sheet as of March 31, 2013, and Consolidated Statements of Changes in Proprietary Capital for the six
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months ended March 31, 2013. Except for gains and losses on SERP assets, there has been no impact to the Consolidated Statements of Operations or the Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows related to these fair value measurements.
Investments
At March 31, 2013, Investment funds were composed of $1.6 billion of securities classified as trading and measured at fair value and $2 million of equity investments not required to be measured at fair value. Trading securities are held in the NDT, ART, and SERP. The NDT holds funds for the ultimate decommissioning of TVA's nuclear power plants. The ART holds funds for the costs related to the future closure and retirement of TVA's other long-lived assets. TVA established a SERP for certain executives in critical positions to provide supplemental pension benefits tied to compensation that exceeds limits set by Internal Revenue Service rules applicable to the qualified defined benefit pension plan. The NDT, ART and SERP are invested in securities generally designed to achieve a return in line with overall equity market performance.
The NDT, ART, and SERP are composed of multiple types of investments and are managed by external institutional managers. Most U.S. and international equities, Treasury inflation-protected securities, real estate investment trust securities, and cash securities, and certain derivative instruments are measured based on quoted exchange prices in active markets and are classified as Level 1 valuations. Fixed-income investments, high-yield fixed-income investments, currencies, and most derivative instruments are non-exchange traded and are classified as Level 2 valuations. These measurements are based on market and income approaches with observable market inputs.
Private partnership investments may include holdings of investments in private real estate, venture capital, buyout, mezzanine or subordinated debt, restructuring or distressed debt, and special situations through funds managed by third-party investment managers. Investments in private partnerships generally involve a three-to four-year period where the investor contributes capital. This is followed by a period of distribution, typically over several years. The investment period is generally, at a minimum, ten years or longer. The NDT had unfunded commitments related to private partnerships of $166 million at March 31, 2013. These investments have no redemption or limited redemption options and may also have imposed restrictions on the NDT’s ability to liquidate its investment. There are no readily available quoted exchange prices for these investments. The fair value of the investments is based on TVA’s ownership percentage of the fair value of the underlying investments as provided by the investment managers. These investments are typically valued on a quarterly basis. TVA’s private partnership investments are valued at net asset values ("NAV") as a practical expedient for fair value. TVA classifies its interest in these types of investments as Level 3 within the fair value hierarchy.
Commingled funds represent investment funds comprising multiple individual financial instruments. The commingled funds held by the NDT, ART and SERP consist of a single class of securities, such as equity, debt, or foreign currency securities, or multiple classes of securities. All underlying positions in these commingled funds are either exchange traded (Level 1) or measured using observable inputs for similar instruments (Level 2). The fair value of commingled funds is based on NAV per fund share (the unit of account), derived from the prices of the underlying securities in the funds. These commingled funds can be liquidated at the measurement date NAV and are classified as Level 2 valuations. Required notification periods range from zero to 30 days. The funds can be redeemed unless doing so would violate regulations to which the fund is subject, would be unreasonable or impracticable, or would be seriously prejudicial to the fund.
Realized and unrealized gains and losses on trading securities are recognized in current earnings and are based on average cost. The gains and losses of the NDT and ART are subsequently reclassified to a regulatory liability or asset account in accordance with TVA's regulatory accounting policy. See Note 1 — Cost-Based Regulation. TVA recorded unrealized gains and losses related to its trading securities held as of the end of each period as follows:

| Unrealized Investment Gains (Losses)
|  |  | For the Three Months Ended March 31 |  | For the Six Months Ended March 31
| Financial Statement Presentation |  | 2013 |  | 2012 |  | 2013 |  | 2012
SERP | Other income (expense) |  | $ | 1 |  |  | $ | 2 |  |  | $ | 1 |  |  | $ | 3 |
NDT | Regulatory asset |  | 36 |  |  | 60 |  |  | 49 |  |  | 118 |
ART | Regulatory asset |  | 14 |  |  | 15 |  |  | 17 |  |  | 25 |

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Currency and Interest Rate Swaps
See Note 13 — Cash Flow Hedging Strategy for Currency Swaps and Derivatives Not Receiving Hedge Accounting Treatment for a discussion of the nature, purpose, and contingent features of TVA's currency swaps and interest rate swaps. These swaps are classified as Level 2 valuations and are valued based on income approaches using observable market inputs for similar instruments.
Commodity Contract Derivatives and Commodity Derivatives Under FTP
Commodity Contract Derivatives. These contracts are classified as Level 3 valuations and are valued based on income approaches. TVA develops an overall coal price forecast using widely used short-term and mid-range market data from an external pricing specialist in addition to long-term internal estimates. To value the volume option component of applicable coal contracts, TVA uses a Black-Scholes pricing model which includes inputs from the overall coal price forecast, contract-specific terms, and other market inputs.
Commodity Derivatives Under FTP. These contracts are valued based on market approaches which utilize Chicago Mercantile Exchange ("CME") quoted prices and other observable inputs. Futures and options contracts settled on the CME are classified as Level 1 valuations. Swap contracts are valued using a pricing model based on CME inputs and are subject to nonperformance risk outside of the exit price. These contracts are classified as Level 2 valuations.
See Note 13 — Derivatives Not Receiving Hedge Accounting Treatment — Commodity Derivatives and — Derivatives Under FTP for a discussion of the nature and purpose of coal contracts and derivatives under TVA's FTP.
Nonperformance Risk
The assessment of nonperformance risk, which includes credit risk, considers changes in current market conditions, readily available information on nonperformance risk, letters of credit, collateral, other arrangements available, and the nature of master netting arrangements. TVA is a counterparty to currency swaps, interest rate swaps, commodity contracts, and other derivatives which subject TVA to nonperformance risk. Nonperformance risk on the majority of investments and certain exchange-traded instruments held by TVA is incorporated into the exit price that is derived from quoted market data that is used to mark the investment to market.
Nonperformance risk for most of TVA's derivative instruments is an adjustment to the initial asset/liability fair value. TVA adjusts for nonperformance risk, both of TVA (for liabilities) and the counterparty (for assets), by applying a credit valuation adjustment ("CVA"). TVA determines an appropriate CVA for each applicable financial instrument based on the term of the instrument and TVA's or the counterparty's credit rating as obtained from Moody's. For companies that do not have an observable credit rating, TVA uses internal analysis to assign a comparable rating to the company. TVA discounts each financial instrument using the historical default rate (as reported by Moody's for CY 1983 to CY 2011) for companies with a similar credit rating over a time period consistent with the remaining term of the contract. The application of CVAs resulted in a $2 million decrease in the fair value of assets and a $1 million decrease in the fair value of liabilities at March 31, 2013.
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The following tables set forth by level, within the fair value hierarchy, TVA's financial assets and liabilities that were measured at fair value on a recurring basis as of March 31, 2013, and September 30, 2012. Financial assets and liabilities have been classified in their entirety based on the lowest level of input that is significant to the fair value measurement. TVA's assessment of the significance of a particular input to the fair value measurement requires judgment and may affect the determination of the fair value of the assets and liabilities and their classification in the fair value hierarchy levels.

Fair Value Measurements At March 31, 2013
Assets | Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets (Level 1) |  | Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2) |  | Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3) |  | Netting(1) |  | Total
Investments |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Equity securities | $ | 146 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 146 |
Debt securities |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
U.S. government corporations and agencies | 68 |  |  | 85 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 153 |
Corporate debt securities | — |  |  | 241 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 241 |
Residential mortgage-backed securities | — |  |  | 15 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 15 |
Commercial mortgage-backed securities | — |  |  | 10 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 10 |
Collateralized debt obligations | — |  |  | 18 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 18 |
Private partnerships | — |  |  | — |  |  | 137 |  |  | — |  |  | 137 |
Commingled funds(2) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Equity security commingled funds | — |  |  | 728 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 728 |
Debt security commingled funds | — |  |  | 119 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 119 |
Total investments | 214 |  |  | 1,216 |  |  | 137 |  |  | — |  |  | 1,567 |
Currency swaps | — |  |  | 14 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 14 |
Commodity contract derivatives | — |  |  | — |  |  | 7 |  |  | — |  |  | 7 |
Commodity derivatives under FTP |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Swap contracts | — |  |  | 97 |  |  | — |  |  | (91 | ) |  | 6 |
Total | $ | 214 |  |  | $ | 1,327 |  |  | $ | 144 |  |  | $ | (91 | ) |  | $ | 1,594 |
Liabilities | Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Liabilities (Level 1) |  | Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2) |  | Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3) |  | Netting(1) |  | Total
Currency swaps | $ | — |  |  | $ | 63 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 63 |
Interest rate swaps | — |  |  | 1,510 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 1,510 |
Commodity contract derivatives | — |  |  | — |  |  | 155 |  |  | — |  |  | 155 |
Commodity derivatives under FTP |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Swap contracts | — |  |  | 258 |  |  | — |  |  | (91 | ) |  | 167 |
Total | $ | — |  |  | $ | 1,831 |  |  | $ | 155 |  |  | $ | (91 | ) |  | $ | 1,895 |

Notes
(1) Due to the right of setoff and method of settlement, TVA elects to record commodity derivatives under the FTP based on its net commodity position with the counterparty or broker.
(2) Commingled funds represent investment funds comprising multiple individual financial instruments and are classified in the table based on their existing investment portfolio as of the measurement date. Commingled funds exclusively composed of one class of security are classified in that category. Commingled funds comprising multiple classes of securities are classified as “other commingled funds.”
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Fair Value Measurements At September 30, 2012
Assets | Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets (Level 1) |  | Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2) |  | Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3) |  | Netting(1) |  | Total
Investments |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Equity securities | $ | 173 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 173 |
Debt securities |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
U.S. government corporations and agencies | 59 |  |  | 103 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 162 |
Corporate debt securities | — |  |  | 197 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 197 |
Residential mortgage-backed securities | — |  |  | 20 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 20 |
Commercial mortgage-backed securities | — |  |  | 6 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 6 |
Collateralized debt obligations | — |  |  | 12 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 12 |
Private partnerships | — |  |  | — |  |  | 53 |  |  | — |  |  | 53 |
Commingled funds(2) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Equity security commingled funds | — |  |  | 657 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 657 |
Debt security commingled funds | — |  |  | 182 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 182 |
Total investments | 232 |  |  | 1,177 |  |  | 53 |  |  | — |  |  | 1,462 |
Currency swaps | — |  |  | 21 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 21 |
Commodity contract derivatives | — |  |  | — |  |  | 119 |  |  | — |  |  | 119 |
Commodity derivatives under FTP |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Swap contracts | — |  |  | 123 |  |  | — |  |  | (115 | ) |  | 8 |
Total | $ | 232 |  |  | $ | 1,321 |  |  | $ | 172 |  |  | $ | (115 | ) |  | $ | 1,610 |
Liabilities | Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Liabilities (Level 1) |  | Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2) |  | Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3) |  | Netting(1) |  | Total
Currency swaps | $ | — |  |  | $ | 54 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 54 |
Interest rate swaps | — |  |  | 1,723 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 1,723 |
Commodity contract derivatives | — |  |  | — |  |  | 386 |  |  | — |  |  | 386 |
Commodity derivatives under FTP |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Swap contracts | — |  |  | 351 |  |  | — |  |  | (115 | ) |  | 236 |
Total | $ | — |  |  | $ | 2,128 |  |  | $ | 386 |  |  | $ | (115 | ) |  | $ | 2,399 |

Notes
(1) Due to the right of setoff and method of settlement, TVA elects to record commodity derivatives under the FTP based on its net commodity position with the counterparty or broker.
(2) Commingled funds represent investment funds comprising multiple individual financial instruments and are classified in the table based on their existing investment portfolio as of the measurement date. Commingled funds exclusively composed of one class of security are classified in that category. Commingled funds comprising multiple classes of securities are classified as “other commingled funds.”
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TVA uses internal and external valuation specialists for the calculation of its fair value measurements classified as Level 3. Analytical testing is performed on the change in fair value measurements each period to ensure the valuation is reasonable based on changes in general market assumptions. Significant changes to the estimated data used for unobservable inputs, in isolation or combination, may result in significant variations to the fair value measurement reported.
The following table presents a reconciliation of all assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis using significant unobservable inputs (Level 3):

Fair Value Measurements Using Significant Unobservable Inputs
| For the Three Months Ended March 31 |  | For the Six Months Ended March 31
| Private Partnerships |  | Commodity Contract Derivatives |  | Interest Rate Swaption |  | Private Partnerships |  | Commodity Contract Derivatives |  | Interest Rate Swaption
Balance at beginning of period | $ | 28 |  |  | $ | 4 |  |  | $ | (1,128 | ) |  | $ | 22 |  |  | $ | 239 |  |  | $ | (1,077 | )
Purchases | 7 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 13 |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Issuances | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Sales | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (1 | ) |  | — |  |  | — |
Settlements | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Net unrealized gains (losses) deferred as regulatory assets and liabilities | 1 |  |  | (315 | ) |  | 135 |  |  | 2 |  |  | (550 | ) |  | 84 |
Balance at March 31, 2012 | $ | 36 |  |  | $ | (311 | ) |  | $ | (993 | ) |  | $ | 36 |  |  | $ | (311 | ) |  | $ | (993 | )
Balance at beginning of period | $ | 66 |  |  | $ | (224 | ) |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 53 |  |  | $ | (267 | ) |  | $ | — |
Purchases | 70 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 83 |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Issuances | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Sales | (1 | ) |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (2 | ) |  | — |  |  | — |
Settlements | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Net unrealized gains (losses) deferred as regulatory assets and liabilities | 2 |  |  | 76 |  |  | — |  |  | 3 |  |  | 119 |  |  | — |
Balance at March 31, 2013 | $ | 137 |  |  | $ | (148 | ) |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 137 |  |  | $ | (148 | ) |  | $ | — |

TVA has used interest rate swaption agreements in the past to protect against decreases in the value of embedded call provisions on certain of its Bond issues. A swaption is a derivative instrument that grants a third party the right to enter into a receive fixed/pay variable interest rate swap agreement with TVA based on the interest rate of the underlying Bond issue. In
March 2012, the counterparty to TVA's only outstanding interest rate swaption agreement exercised its option to enter into an interest rate swap agreement, effective April 15, 2012. In association with exercising its option to enter into the interest rate swap with TVA, the counterparty was required to pay TVA $60 million on the effective date of the transaction. The net deferred unrealized gains and losses on the interest rate swaption were assigned to the resulting interest rate swap upon the effective date of the exercise.
Prior to its conversion to an interest rate swap, the swaption was classified as a Level 3 valuation and was valued based on an income approach. The valuation was computed using a broker-provided pricing model utilizing interest and volatility rates. While most of the fair value measurement was based on observable inputs, volatility for TVA's swaption was generally unobservable. Therefore, the valuation was derived from an observable volatility measure with adjustments.
There were no realized gains or losses related to the instruments measured at fair value using significant unobservable inputs that affected net income during the six months ended March 31, 2013. All unrealized gains and losses related to these instruments have been reflected as increases or decreases in regulatory assets and liabilities. See Note 6.
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The following table presents quantitative information related to the significant unobservable inputs used in the measurement of fair value of TVA's assets and liabilities classified as Level 3 in the fair value hierarchy:

Quantitative Information about Level 3 Fair Value Measurements |
| Fair Value at March 31, 2013 |  | Valuation Technique(s) |  | Unobservable Inputs |  | Range |
Assets |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Commodity contract derivatives | $ | 7 |  |  | Discounted cash flow |  | Credit risk |  | 9.4 | % | *
|  |  | Pricing model |  | Coal supply and demand |  | 1.0 - 1.1 billion tons/year |  |
|  |  |  |  | Long-term market prices |  | $13.75 - $86.83/ton |  |
Liabilities |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Commodity contract derivatives | $ | 155 |  |  | Pricing model |  | Coal supply and demand |  | 1.0 - 1.1 billion tons/year |  |
|  |  |  |  | Long-term market prices |  | $13.75 - $86.83/ton |  |

* Applies to only one contract.
Other Financial Instruments Not Recorded at Fair Value
TVA uses the methods and assumptions described below to estimate the fair value of each significant class of financial instrument. The fair market values of the financial instruments held at March 31, 2013, and September 30, 2012, may not be representative of the actual gains or losses that will be recorded when these instruments mature or are called or presented for early redemption. The estimated values of TVA's financial instruments not recorded at fair value at March 31, 2013, and September 30, 2012, were as follows:

Estimated Values of Financial Instruments Not Recorded at Fair Value
|  |  | At March 31, 2013 |  | At September 30, 2012
| Valuation Classification |  | Carrying Amount |  | Fair Value |  | Carrying Amount |  | Fair Value
EnergyRight® receivables (including current portion) | Level 2 |  | $ | 151 |  |  | $ | 151 |  |  | $ | 150 |  |  | $ | 150 |
Loans and other long-term receivables, net | Level 2 |  | $ | 79 |  |  | $ | 72 |  |  | $ | 76 |  |  | $ | 70 |
EnergyRight® purchase obligation (including current portion) | Level 2 |  | $ | 186 |  |  | $ | 213 |  |  | $ | 185 |  |  | $ | 209 |
Long-term outstanding power bonds (including current maturities), net | Level 2 |  | $ | 22,201 |  |  | $ | 27,172 |  |  | $ | 22,577 |  |  | $ | 28,041 |
Long-term debt of variable interest entities (including current maturities) | Level 2 |  | $ | 988 |  |  | $ | 1,113 |  |  | $ | 994 |  |  | $ | 1,116 |

Due to the short-term maturity of Cash and cash equivalents, Restricted cash and investments, and Short-term debt, net, each considered a Level 1 valuation classification, the carrying amounts of these instruments approximate their fair values.
The fair values of the EnergyRight® Solutions receivables and loans and other long-term receivables are estimated by determining the present values of future cash flows using discount rates equal to lending rates for similar loans made to borrowers with similar credit ratings and similar remaining maturities, where applicable.
The fair value of the long-term debt traded in the public market is determined by multiplying the par value of the debt by the indicative market price at the balance sheet date. The fair values of the EnergyRight® Solutions purchase obligation and other long-term debt are estimated by determining the present value of future cash flows using current market rates for similar obligations, giving effect to credit ratings and remaining maturities.
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15. Other Income (Expense), Net
Income and expenses not related to TVA’s operating activities are summarized in the following table:

Other Income (Expense), Net
| For the Three Months Ended March 31 |  | For the Six Months Ended March 31
| 2013 |  | 2012 |  | 2013 |  | 2012
Interest income | $ | 6 |  |  | $ | 2 |  |  | $ | 11 |  |  | $ | 4 |
External services | 4 |  |  | (1 | ) |  | 11 |  |  | 3 |
Gains (losses) on investments | 2 |  |  | 2 |  |  | 3 |  |  | 4 |
Miscellaneous | (1 | ) |  | (17 | ) |  | 1 |  |  | (16 | )
Total other income (expense), net | $ | 11 |  |  | $ | (14 | ) |  | $ | 26 |  |  | $ | (5 | )

16. Benefit Plans
TVA sponsors a qualified defined benefit pension plan that covers most of its full-time employees, a qualified defined contribution plan that covers most of its full-time employees, two unfunded post-retirement health care plans that provide for non-vested contributions toward the cost of certain retirees' medical coverage, other postemployment benefits, such as workers' compensation, and the SERP.
The components of net periodic benefit cost and other amounts recognized as changes in regulatory assets for the three and six months ended March 31, 2013, and 2012, were as follows:

Components of TVA’s Benefit Plans
| For the Three Months Ended March 31 |  | For the Six Months Ended March 31
| Pension Benefits |  | Other Post-Retirement Benefits |  | Pension Benefits |  | Other Post-retirement Benefits
| 2013 |  | 2012 |  | 2013 |  | 2012 |  | 2013 |  | 2012 |  | 2013 |  | 2012
Service cost | $ | 43 |  |  | $ | 34 |  |  | $ | 7 |  |  | $ | 4 |  |  | $ | 77 |  |  | $ | 69 |  |  | $ | 12 |  |  | $ | 9 |
Interest cost | 111 |  |  | 123 |  |  | 6 |  |  | 9 |  |  | 234 |  |  | 245 |  |  | 15 |  |  | 18 |
Expected return on plan assets | (105 | ) |  | (109 | ) |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (214 | ) |  | (218 | ) |  | — |  |  | — |
Amortization of prior service cost | (5 | ) |  | (6 | ) |  | (1 | ) |  | (1 | ) |  | (11 | ) |  | (12 | ) |  | (3 | ) |  | (3 | )
Recognized net actuarial loss | 98 |  |  | 90 |  |  | 6 |  |  | 8 |  |  | 188 |  |  | 180 |  |  | 13 |  |  | 15 |
Total net periodic benefit cost recognized | $ | 142 |  |  | $ | 132 |  |  | $ | 18 |  |  | $ | 20 |  |  | $ | 274 |  |  | $ | 264 |  |  | $ | 37 |  |  | $ | 39 |

During the six months ended March 31, 2013, TVA did not make contributions to its qualified defined benefit pension plan. TVA does not separately set aside assets to fund other benefit costs, but rather funds such costs on an as-paid basis. TVA provided approximately $26 million and $20 million for other benefit costs during the six months ended March 31, 2013, and 2012, respectively.
17. Legal Proceedings
From time to time, TVA is party to or otherwise involved in lawsuits, claims, proceedings, investigations, and other legal matters ("Legal Proceedings") that have arisen in the ordinary course of conducting TVA's activities, as a result of a catastrophic event or otherwise.
General. TVA had accrued approximately $340 million of potential losses with respect to Legal Proceedings at March 31, 2013. Of this amount, $226 million is included in Other long-term liabilities, $104 million is included in Accounts payable and accrued liabilities, and $10 million is included in Regulatory assets. TVA is currently unable to estimate any amount or any range of amounts of reasonably possible losses in excess of the established accruals, and no assurance can be given that TVA will not be subject to significant additional claims and liabilities. If actual liabilities significantly exceed the estimates made, TVA's results of operations, liquidity, and financial condition could be materially adversely affected.
Environmental Agreements. In April 2011, TVA entered into two substantively similar agreements, a Federal Facilities Compliance Agreement with the EPA and a consent decree with Alabama, Kentucky, North Carolina, Tennessee, and three environmental advocacy groups: the Sierra Club, National Parks Conservation Association, and Our Children's Earth Foundation
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(collectively, the "Environmental Agreements”). They became effective in June 2011. Under the Environmental Agreements, TVA committed to (1) retire on a phased schedule 18 coal-fired units with a combined summer net dependable capability of 2,200 MW, (2) control, convert, or retire additional coal-fired units with a combined summer net dependable capability of 3,500 MW, (3) comply with annual, declining emission caps for sulfur dioxide ("SO 2") and nitrogen oxides ("NO x"), (4) invest $290 million in certain TVA environmental projects, (5) provide $60 million to Alabama, Kentucky, North Carolina, and Tennessee to fund environmental projects, and (6) pay civil penalties of $10 million. In exchange for these commitments, most existing and possible claims against TVA based on alleged New Source Review and associated violations were waived and cannot be brought against TVA. Some possible claims for sulfuric acid mist and greenhouse gas ("GHG") emissions can still be brought against TVA, and claims for increases in particulates can also be pursued at many of TVA’s coal-fired units. Additionally, the Environmental Agreements do not address compliance with new laws and regulations or the cost associated with such compliance.
The liabilities related to the Environmental Agreements are included in Accounts payable and accrued liabilities and Other long-term liabilities on the March 31, 2013 Consolidated Balance Sheet. In conjunction with the approval of the Environmental Agreements, the TVA Board determined that it was appropriate to record TVA's liabilities under the Environmental Agreements as regulatory assets, with the costs charged to expense as they are collected in rates.
Several legal and administrative clean air proceedings have already been terminated in connection with the Environmental Agreements. Additionally, the proceeding discussed below involving the John Sevier CAA permit is expected to be narrowed in scope.
Legal Proceedings Related to the Kingston Ash Spill. Seventy-eight lawsuits based on the Kingston ash spill have been filed in the United States District Court for the Eastern District of Tennessee. Fifteen of these lawsuits have been dismissed, and 63 lawsuits are active and in various stages of litigation. Plaintiffs are residents, businesses, and property owners in the Kingston area and allege tort claims for damage to property (for example, nuisance, strict liability, trespass, and negligence), with some plaintiffs also alleging claims for personal injury, business loss, and inverse condemnation. Plaintiffs seek unspecified compensatory and punitive damages, court orders to clean up properties and other relief. TVA is the only active defendant in these actions.
A bench trial on the issue of dike failure causation in the seven earliest cases was held in September and October 2011 ("Phase I trial"). Plaintiffs in the 56 remaining cases have agreed to be bound by the Phase I trial record and decision. In August 2012, the court issued its Phase I decision, finding that certain actions by TVA contributed to the ash spill. On November 20, 2012, the court ordered the parties to participate in mediation within 120 days of the issuance of the order. On March 21, 2013, the court extended the mediation period by an additional 120 days. If the case is not resolved through mediation, the case will proceed to the damages phase ("Phase II") trial, during which the individual plaintiffs must prove both that they incurred damages and that the ash spill was the cause of the damages. The date for the Phase II trial has not yet been set.
TVA has received several notices of intent to sue under various environmental statutes from both individuals and environmental groups, but no such suits have been filed.
Civil Penalty and Natural Resource Damages for the Kingston Ash Spill. In June 2010, TDEC issued a civil penalty order of approximately $12 million to TVA for the Kingston ash spill, citing violations of the Tennessee Solid Waste Disposal Act and the Tennessee Water Quality Control Act. Of the $12 million, TVA has satisfied $10 million, and TDEC has approved environmental projects valued at $2 million as a credit against the penalty amount. In January 2011, TVA entered into a memorandum of agreement with TDEC and the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service establishing a process and a method for resolving the natural resource damage claim associated with the Kingston ash spill. As part of this memorandum of agreement, TVA agreed to pay $250 thousand each year for three years as a down payment on the amount of natural resource damages ultimately established, and to reimburse TDEC and the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service for their costs.
Case Involving Tennessee Valley Authority Retirement System. In March 2010, eight current and former participants in and beneficiaries of the Tennessee Valley Authority Retirement System ("TVARS") filed suit in the United States District Court for the Middle District of Tennessee against the six then-current members of the TVARS Board. The lawsuit challenged the TVARS Board's decision to suspend the TVA contribution requirements for 2010 through 2013, and to amend the TVARS Rules and Regulations to (1) reduce the calculation for cost of living adjustment ("COLA") benefits for CY 2010 through CY 2013, (2) reduce the interest crediting rate for the fixed fund accounts, and (3) increase the eligibility age to receive COLAs from age 55 to 60. The plaintiffs allege that TVA's actions violated the TVARS Board members' fiduciary duties to the plaintiffs (and the purported class) and the plaintiffs' contractual rights, among other claims. The plaintiffs sought, among other things, unspecified damages, an order directing the TVARS Board to rescind the amendments, and the appointment of a seventh TVARS Board member. Five of the six individual defendants filed motions to dismiss the lawsuit, while the remaining defendant filed an answer to the complaint. In July 2010, TVA moved to intervene in the suit in the event it was not dismissed. In September 2010, the district court dismissed the breach of fiduciary duty claim against the directors without prejudice, allowing the plaintiffs to file an amended complaint within 14 days against TVARS and TVA but not the individual directors. The plaintiffs previously had voluntarily withdrawn their constitutional claims, so the court also dismissed those claims without prejudice. The court dismissed with prejudice the plaintiffs' claims for breach of contract, violation of the Internal Revenue Code, and appointment of a seventh TVARS Board member.
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In September 2010, the plaintiffs filed an amended complaint against TVARS and TVA. The plaintiffs allege, among other things, violations of their constitutional rights (due process, equal protection, and property rights), violations of the Administrative Procedure Act, and breach of statutory duties owed to the plaintiffs. They seek a declaratory judgment and appropriate relief for the alleged statutory and constitutional violations and breaches of duty. TVA filed its answer to the amended complaint in December 2010. In May 2012, the court granted the parties' joint motion to administratively close the case subject to reopening to allow the parties the opportunity to engage in mediation that will likely take a significant amount of time to complete. The mediation began in September 2012 and is taking place over a series of meetings.
Case Arising out of Hurricane Katrina. In April 2006, TVA was added as a defendant to a class action lawsuit brought in the United States District Court for the Southern District of Mississippi by 14 Mississippi residents allegedly injured by Hurricane Katrina. The plaintiffs sued seven large oil companies and an oil company trade association, three large chemical companies and a chemical trade association, and 31 large companies involved in the mining and/or burning of coal, alleging that the defendants' GHG emissions contributed to global warming and were a proximate and direct cause of Hurricane Katrina's increased destructive force. Action by the United States Supreme Court in January 2011 ended this case in a manner favorable to TVA.
However, in May 2011, under a Mississippi state statute that permits the re-filing of lawsuits that were dismissed on procedural grounds, the plaintiffs filed another lawsuit in the United States District Court for the Southern District of Mississippi against the same and additional defendants, again alleging that the defendants' GHG emissions contributed to global warming and were a proximate and direct cause of Hurricane Katrina's increased destructive force. The court dismissed the lawsuit in March 2012 for a variety of reasons, including that the lawsuit presented a non-justiciable political question and that all of the claims were preempted by the CAA. The plaintiffs have appealed the dismissal to the United States Court of Appeals for the Fifth Circuit.
Case Involving the Nuclear Regulatory Commission ("NRC") Waste Confidence Decision on Spent Nuclear Fuel Storage. In June 2012, the U.S. Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit ("D.C. Circuit") vacated the NRC's updated Waste Confidence Decision ("WCD"). The WCD is a generic determination by the NRC that spent nuclear fuel can be safely managed until a permanent off-site repository is established and has been a key component of the NRC licensing activities since 1984. The most recent update provided that the permanent repository would be available when necessary and that spent fuel could be stored for 60 years after a plant's license terminated. The D.C. Circuit vacated this update on the grounds that, among other things, the NRC failed to support it with an adequate National Environmental Policy Act review and the NRC did not evaluate what would happen if the repository was never built.
In June 2012, multiple intervenor groups submitted a petition to the NRC to (a) hold in abeyance all pending reactor licensing decisions that would depend upon the WCD and (b) establish a process for ensuring that the remanded proceeding complies with the public participation requirements of Section 189a of the Atomic Energy Act. In August 2012, the NRC issued an order (the "August NRC Order") preventing the issuance of a final licensing decision in all proceedings affected by the petition, including Watts Bar Nuclear Plant ("Watts Bar") Unit 2 and Bellefonte Nuclear Plant ("Bellefonte") Units 3 and 4. While resolution of unrelated contentions can proceed, the NRC stated that it will not issue final licensing decisions until it has “appropriately addressed” the D.C. Circuit decision and all pending contentions concerning the WCD are being held in abeyance pending NRC's completion of an environmental review and generic rulemaking addressing the shortcomings identified by the D.C. Circuit. The NRC has decided to support the update of its WCD with an Environmental Impact Statement and has started this process to address the WCD matters.
Administrative Proceedings Regarding Bellefonte Units 3 and 4. TVA submitted its combined construction and operating license application ("CCOLA") for two Advanced Passive 1000 reactors at Bellefonte Units 3 and 4 to the NRC in October 2007. In June 2008, Bellefonte Efficiency and Sustainability Team ("BEST"), BREDL, and Southern Alliance for Clean Energy ("SACE") submitted a joint petition for intervention and a request for a hearing. The Atomic Safety and Licensing Board ("ASLB") denied standing to BEST and admitted four of the 20 contentions submitted by BREDL and SACE. The NRC reversed the ASLB's decision to admit two of the four contentions, leaving only two contentions (concerning the estimated costs of the new nuclear plant and the impact of the facility's operations on aquatic ecology) to be litigated in a future hearing. In January 2012, TVA notified the ASLB that the NRC had placed the CCOLA in “suspended” status indefinitely at TVA's request, and TVA requested that the ASLB hold the proceeding in abeyance pending a decision by TVA regarding the best path forward with regards to the CCOLA.
In July 2012, BREDL petitioned for the admission of another new, late-filed contention stemming from the D.C. Circuit's order vacating the NRC's Waste Confidence Decision. This contention is being held in abeyance pursuant to the August NRC Order.
Administrative Proceedings Regarding Watts Bar Unit 2. In July 2009, SACE, the Tennessee Environmental Council, the Sierra Club, We the People, and BREDL filed a request for a hearing and petition to intervene in the NRC administrative process reviewing TVA's application for an operating license for Watts Bar Unit 2. In November 2009, the ASLB granted SACE's request for hearing, admitted two of SACE's seven contentions for hearing, and denied the request for hearing submitted on behalf of the other four petitioners. The ASLB subsequently dismissed one contention, leaving one aquatic impact contention. In November 2011, TVA filed a motion for summary disposition, arguing that additional aquatic studies conducted by
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TVA indicate there is no longer a genuine issue of material fact in connection with SACE's remaining aquatic impact contention. SACE and the NRC staff filed their answers to the motion in December 2011; SACE opposed TVA's motion while the NRC staff supported it. In March 2012, the ASLB denied TVA's motion. TVA anticipates that a hearing on the matter will likely be held in the latter part of 2013.
In July 2012, SACE petitioned for the admission of another new, late-filed contention, similar to the one filed in the Bellefonte Units 3 and 4 proceeding, stemming from the D.C. Circuit's order vacating the WCD. Similarly, this contention is being held in abeyance pursuant to the August NRC Order.
John Sevier Fossil Plant Clean Air Act Permit. In September 2010, the Environmental Integrity Project, the Southern Environmental Law Center, and the Tennessee Environmental Council filed a petition with the EPA, requesting that the EPA Administrator object to the Clean Air Act ("CAA") permit issued to TVA for operation of the John Sevier Fossil Plant ("John Sevier"). Among other things, the petitioners allege that repair, maintenance, or replacement activities undertaken at John Sevier Unit 3 in 1986 triggered the Prevention of Significant Deterioration ("PSD") requirements for SO 2 and NO x. The CAA permit, issued by TDEC, remains in effect pending the disposition of the petition. The Environmental Agreements should narrow the scope of this proceeding. See Environmental Agreements.
Kingston NPDES Permit Administrative Appeal. The Sierra Club filed a challenge to the National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System ("NPDES") permit issued by Tennessee for the scrubber-gypsum pond discharge at Kingston in November 2009 before the Tennessee Water Quality, Oil, and Gas Board ("TN Board"). In addition to its allegation that Tennessee violated the Clean Water Act by failing to set specific limits on certain toxic discharges, the Sierra Club alleges that no discharges from the pond infrastructure should be allowed because zero-discharge scrubbers exist. TDEC is the defendant in the challenge, and TVA has intervened in support of TDEC's decision to issue the permit. The matter was set for a hearing before the TN Board in February 2011, but has since been stayed by agreement of the parties.
Bull Run Fossil Plant NPDES Permit Administrative Appeal. SACE and the Tennessee Clean Water Network ("TCWN") filed a challenge to the NPDES permit for the Bull Run Fossil Plant in November 2010. TDEC is the defendant in the challenge and TVA's motion to intervene to support TDEC's decision to issue the permit was granted in January 2011. Petitioners' motion for summary judgment was denied, but TVA and TDEC appealed two findings in the decision denying summary judgment to the TN Board. This appeal was scheduled to be heard in January 2013, but was removed from the agenda by order of another administrative law judge. This case is scheduled for a hearing before the TN Board in May 2013.
Johnsonville Fossil Plant NPDES Permit Administrative Appeal. SACE and TCWN filed a challenge to the NPDES permit for the Johnsonville Fossil Plant in March 2011. TDEC is the defendant in the challenge. TVA's motion to intervene was granted in August 2011. The matter has not yet been given a hearing date before the TN Board.
John Sevier Fossil Plant NPDES Permit Administrative Appeal. SACE and TCWN filed a challenge to the NPDES permit for John Sevier in May 2011. TDEC is the defendant in the challenge. TVA's motion to intervene was granted in August 2011. The matter has not yet been given a hearing date before the TN Board.
Gallatin Fossil Plant NPDES Permit Administrative Appeal. SACE, TCWN, and the Sierra Club filed a challenge to the NPDES permit for the Gallatin Fossil Plant in June 2012. TDEC is the defendant in the challenge. TVA's motion to intervene was granted in September 2012. Administrative discovery is underway.
Petitions Resulting from Japanese Nuclear Events. As a result of events that occurred at the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant in March 2011, petitions have been filed with the NRC which could impact TVA's nuclear program. While some petitions have been dismissed after review, petitions that remain open include the following:

• | Petition to Immediately Suspend the Operating Licenses of GE BWR Mark I Units Pending the Full NRC Review With Independent Expert and Public Participation From Affected Emergency Planning Zone Communities

Beyond Nuclear filed a petition in April 2011, requesting that the NRC take emergency enforcement action against all nuclear reactor licensees that operate units that use the General Electric Mark I BWR design. TVA uses this design at Browns Ferry Nuclear Plant ("Browns Ferry") Units 1, 2, and 3. The petition requests the NRC to take several actions, including the suspension of the operating licenses at the affected nuclear units, including Browns Ferry, until several milestones have been met. In December 2011, the NRC provided its initial response to the petition. The NRC accepted five specific requests that would apply directly or indirectly to Browns Ferry, including issues relating to spent fuel pool use and location, Mark I containment hardened vent systems and design, and backup electrical power. Each of these items was accepted for further investigation, but the requests for immediate action were rejected. The NRC has not yet rendered a decision regarding the petition.
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• | Twelve separate petitions on various issues

In August 2011, the Natural Resources Defense Council submitted twelve separate letters to the NRC requesting action on various health and safety aspects of operating nuclear facilities in the United States. The NRC is treating these as a single 2.206 Petition. The NRC has not yet rendered a decision regarding the petition.

• | Petition Pursuant to 10 CFR 2.206 - Demand For Information Regarding Compliance with 10 CFR 50, Appendix A, General Design Criterion 44, Cooling Water, and 10 CFR 50.49, Environmental Qualification of Electric Equipment Important to Safety for Nuclear Power Plants

A petition was filed by the Union of Concerned Scientists in July 2011, requesting that a demand for information be issued for affected licensees, including TVA with regards to Browns Ferry, describing how the facilities comply with General Design Criterion 44, Cooling Water, within Appendix A to 10 CFR Part 50, and with 10 CFR 50.49, Environmental Qualification of Electric Equipment Important to Safety for Nuclear Power Plants, for all applicable design and licensing bases events. The NRC has not yet rendered a decision regarding the petition.
National Environmental Policy Act Challenge at Gallatin Fossil Plant. In April 2013, the Tennessee Environmental Council, Tennessee Scenic Rivers Association, Sierra Club, and Center for Biological Diversity filed suit in the United States District Court for the Middle District of Tennessee alleging that TVA violated the National Environmental Policy Act ("NEPA") when it decided to install additional emission controls and construct an associated landfill at the Gallatin Fossil Plant. The plaintiffs are asking the court to enjoin TVA from taking any further action relating to these matters pending compliance with NEPA.
18. Subsequent Events
Bond Issuance
On April 4, 2013, TVA issued $13 million of 3.15 percent electronotes® due April 15, 2033 and callable beginning
April 15, 2017, CUSIP number 88059TFR7. The notes were issued at 100 percent of par value.
Credit Facility
On April 5, 2013, TVA entered into a new $0.5 billion revolving credit facility that matures on April 5, 2018. This credit facility replaces TVA’s previous $0.5 billion credit facility maturing on January 14, 2014. See Note 11.
Bond Redemption
On April 8, 2013, TVA redeemed all of its 2010 4.30 percent electronotes® due March 15, 2025, CUSIP number 88059TEZ0. The notes were redeemed at 100 percent of par value for a total of $22 million.
Putable Automatic Rate Reset Securities
On May 1, 2013, TVA issued notice that the interest rate on the 1998 Series D Putable Automatic Rate Reset Securities ("1998 Series D Bonds") will reset from 4.06 percent to 3.83 percent on June 1, 2013. In conjunction with the reset, holders of the 1998 Series D Bonds may request redemption of the Bonds at par value through May 22, 2013, for redemption on June 1, 2013.
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ITEM 2. MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
(Dollars in millions except where noted)
Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations ("MD&A") explains the results of operations and general financial condition of the Tennessee Valley Authority ("TVA"). The MD&A should be read in conjunction with the accompanying unaudited consolidated financial statements and TVA's Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended September 30, 2012 (the “Annual Report”).
Executive Overview
Weather continued to be the primary driver affecting TVA's sales and results of operations for the periods ended March 31, 2013, as compared with the same periods of 2012. Weather patterns were closer to normal in 2013 as compared to milder weather in 2012 which resulted in higher sales to local power companies that distribute TVA electricity. TVA also continued to increase its off-system sales as a result of having excess generation available for resale during 2013. Sales to industrial customers lagged during the three and six month periods ended March 31, 2013, as compared with the same periods of 2012. Also, sales to TVA's largest directly served customer decreased as the customer continued to curtail operations during the second quarter of 2013.
TVA had net income for the three months ended March 31, 2013 of $54 million and net losses for the six months ended March 31, 2013, of $191 million, as compared with net losses of $94 million and $267 million for the same periods of 2012. Revenues increased primarily due to recovery of fuel costs. Although base revenues were $36 million higher for the three months ended March 31, 2013 as compared to the same period of the prior year, base revenue decreased $49 million for the six months ended March 31, 2013 as compared to the same period of 2012.
Fuel costs increased for the three months and six months ended March 31, 2013, as compared to the same periods of 2012 primarily due to the increase in the market price of natural gas and decreased lower-cost nuclear generation due to planned outages. Greater hydroelectric generation, resulting from increased rainfall and runoff during 2013 as compared to 2012, helped mitigate the increase in fuel costs and the need to purchase power to meet demand.
Although TVA experienced a slight increase in sales of electricity in 2013 as compared to 2012, TVA continues to focus on reducing costs in response to a decline in demand for electricity both regionally and across the United States. By implementing sustainable efficiency efforts to reduce routine operating and maintenance expense, TVA plans to achieve its goal of becoming one of the nation's leading providers of low-cost and cleaner energy by 2020.
TVA continued to experience operational challenges with respect to its generating plants. Browns Ferry Nuclear Plant ("Browns Ferry") is still operating under a heightened degree of oversight by the Nuclear Regulatory Commission ("NRC"). Additionally, TVA continues to work with the NRC to address identified hydrology issues at Watts Bar Nuclear Plant ("Watts Bar") and Sequoyah Nuclear Plant ("Sequoyah"). Longer term, TVA faces challenges related to fluctuating fuel prices and compliance with current and emerging environmental laws and regulations. In order to comply with these laws and regulations, TVA may install clean air equipment on coal-fired units and replace generating capacity of idled coal-fired units with cleaner-emissions nuclear and gas-fired units. Meeting these needs will require significant capital expenditures on TVA's part, but TVA is constrained by the TVA Act which authorizes TVA to issues bonds, notes, or other evidences of indebtedness ("Bonds") in an amount not to exceed $30.0 billion outstanding at any one time. Without a legislative solution, this limitation may require TVA to seek alternative financing arrangements.
Results of Operations
Sales of Electricity
The following table compares TVA’s energy sales statistics for the three and six months ended March 31, 2013, and 2012:

Sales of Electricity (millions of kWh)
| Three Months Ended March 31 |  | Six Months Ended March 31
| 2013 |  | 2012 |  | Change |  | Percent Change |  | 2013 |  | 2012 |  | Change |  | Percent Change
Municipalities and cooperatives | 34,025 |  |  | 31,251 |  |  | 2,774 |  |  | 8.9 | % |  | 64,687 |  |  | 61,726 |  |  | 2,961 |  |  | 4.8 | %
Industries directly served | 7,447 |  |  | 8,316 |  |  | (869 | ) |  | (10.4 | )% |  | 15,002 |  |  | 16,341 |  |  | (1,339 | ) |  | (8.2 | )%
Federal agencies and other | 826 |  |  | 497 |  |  | 329 |  |  | 66.2 | % |  | 1,722 |  |  | 1,026 |  |  | 696 |  |  | 67.8 | %
Total sales of electricity | 42,298 |  |  | 40,064 |  |  | 2,234 |  |  | 5.6 | % |  | 81,411 |  |  | 79,093 |  |  | 2,318 |  |  | 2.9 | %

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TVA uses degree days to measure the impact of weather on its power operations since weather affects both demand and market prices for electricity. Degree days measure the extent to which average temperatures in the five largest cities in TVA's service area vary from 65 degrees Fahrenheit.

Degree Days
| 2013 |  | Normal(1) |  | Percent Variation |  | 2012 |  | Normal(1) |  | Percent Variation |  | 2013 |  | 2012 |  | Percent Change
Heating Degree Days |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Three Months Ended March 31 | 1,856 |  |  | 1,812 |  |  | 2.4 | % |  | 1,285 |  |  | 1,833 |  |  | (29.9 | )% |  | 1,856 |  |  | 1,285 |  |  | 44.4 | %
Six Months Ended March 31 | 3,071 |  |  | 3,115 |  |  | (1.4 | )% |  | 2,455 |  |  | 3,136 |  |  | (21.7 | )% |  | 3,071 |  |  | 2,455 |  |  | 25.1 | %
Cooling Degree Days |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Three Months Ended March 31 | 6 |  |  | 12 |  |  | (50.0 | )% |  | 72 |  |  | 12 |  |  | 500.0 | % |  | 6 |  |  | 72 |  |  | (91.7 | )%
Six Months Ended March 31 | 38 |  |  | 79 |  |  | (51.9 | )% |  | 118 |  |  | 79 |  |  | 49.4 | % |  | 38 |  |  | 118 |  |  | (67.8 | )%

Note
(1) This calculation is updated every five years in order to incorporate the then most recent 30 years. It was last updated in 2011.
Sales of electricity increased 2.2 billion kilowatt hours ("kWh") and 2.3 billion kWh for the three and six months ended March 31, 2013, compared to the three and six months ended March 31, 2012, primarily due to an increase in sales to municipalities and cooperatives. Sales to municipalities and cooperatives increased by 2.8 billion kWh for the three months ended March 31, 2013, and increased by 3.0 billion kWh for the six months ended March 31, 2013, as compared to the same periods in 2012. The increases were primarily related to the milder than normal weather for the three and six months ended March 31, 2012, compared to the relatively normal weather for the three and six months ended March 31, 2013. The milder weather is evidenced by a 44 percent increase in heating degree days during the three months ended March 31, 2013, as compared to the three months ended March 31, 2012. When comparing the six months ended March 31, 2013, to the six months ended March 31, 2012, there was a 25 percent increase in heating degree days. The customers of municipalities and cooperatives are largely residential and commercial customers whose usage of electricity is typically more temperature-sensitive than that of industrial customers. An increase in sales to federal agencies and other was attributed to higher off-system sales, as TVA had excess generation available for resale. These increases were partially offset by decreased demand from industries directly served, primarily by TVA's largest directly served industrial customer.
Financial Results
The following table compares operating results for the three and six months ended March 31, 2013, and 2012:

Summary Consolidated Statements of Operations |  |
| Three Months Ended March 31 |  | Six Months Ended March 31
| 2013 |  | 2012 |  | Percent Change |  | 2013 |  | 2012 |  | Percent Change
Operating revenues | $ | 2,741 |  |  | $ | 2,604 |  |  | 5.3 | % |  | $ | 5,320 |  |  | $ | 5,172 |  |  | 2.9 | %
Operating expenses | 2,380 |  |  | 2,358 |  |  | 0.9 | % |  | 4,903 |  |  | 4,789 |  |  | 2.4 | %
Operating income | 361 |  |  | 246 |  |  | 46.7 | % |  | 417 |  |  | 383 |  |  | 8.9 | %
Other income, net | 11 |  |  | (14 | ) |  | 178.6 | % |  | 26 |  |  | (5 | ) |  | 620.0 | %
Interest expense, net | 318 |  |  | 326 |  |  | (2.5 | )% |  | 634 |  |  | 645 |  |  | (1.7 | )%
Net income (loss) | $ | 54 |  |  | $ | (94 | ) |  | 157.4 | % |  | $ | (191 | ) |  | $ | (267 | ) |  | 28.5 | %

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Operating Revenues. Operating revenues for the three and six months ended March 31, 2013, and 2012, consisted of the following:

Operating Revenues
| Three Months Ended March 31 |  | Six Months Ended March 31
| 2013 |  | 2012 |  | Percent Change |  | 2013 |  | 2012 |  | Percent Change
Sales of electricity |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Municipalities and cooperatives | $ | 2,350 |  |  | $ | 2,160 |  |  | 8.8 | % |  | $ | 4,539 |  |  | $ | 4,303 |  |  | 5.5 | %
Industries directly served | 323 |  |  | 382 |  |  | (15.4 | )% |  | 645 |  |  | 750 |  |  | (14.0 | )%
Federal agencies and other | 36 |  |  | 27 |  |  | 33.3 | % |  | 74 |  |  | 56 |  |  | 32.1 | %
Total sales of electricity | 2,709 |  |  | 2,569 |  |  | 5.4 | % |  | 5,258 |  |  | 5,109 |  |  | 2.9 | %
Other revenue | 32 |  |  | 35 |  |  | (8.6 | )% |  | 62 |  |  | 63 |  |  | (1.6 | )%
Total operating revenues | $ | 2,741 |  |  | $ | 2,604 |  |  | 5.3 | % |  | $ | 5,320 |  |  | $ | 5,172 |  |  | 2.9 | %

Operating revenues increased $137 million and $148 million in the three and six months ended March 31, 2013, respectively, compared to the three and six months ended March 31, 2012, due to the following:

| Three Month Change |  | Six Month Change
Fuel cost recovery | $ | 97 |  |  | $ | 179 |
Base revenue | 36 |  |  | (49 | )
Other | 4 |  |  | 18 |
Total | $ | 137 |  |  | $ | 148 |

Operating revenues increased $137 million for the three months ended March 31, 2013, compared to the three months ended March 31, 2012, primarily due to a $97 million increase in fuel cost recovery and a $36 million increase in base revenue. Of the $97 million increase in fuel cost recovery, $57 million was due to higher fuel rates and $40 million was due to an increase in sales of electricity. The $36 million increase in base revenue was primarily attributable to an increase in sales of electricity.
Operating revenues increased $148 million for the six months ended March 31, 2013, compared to the six months ended March 31, 2012, primarily due to a $179 million increase in fuel cost recovery and an $18 million increase in other revenue sources. Of the $179 million increase in fuel cost recovery, $143 million was due to higher fuel rates and $36 million was due to an increase in sales of electricity. The increase of $18 million in other revenue sources was attributable to higher off-system sales, as TVA had excess generation available for resale. Partially offsetting these increases was a $49 million decrease in base revenue resulting in part from a decrease in the effective base rate. The decrease in the effective base rate was partially the result of a change in distributor wholesale rate elections (see below).
In August 2010, the TVA Board approved the implementation of a new wholesale rate structure. That structure provided for two wholesale rate options, a default time-of-use ("TOU") option and a seasonal demand and energy ("SDE") option. The SDE option was to serve as an interim transition rate and terminate in September 2012. Based on customer request for additional optionality, the TVA Board approved two additional wholesale structures for distributor consideration: a modified time-of-use ("MTOU") and a modified seasonal demand and energy ("MSDE") structure. The proposed options were designed to better align wholesale rates with TVA’s underlying cost to provide service. TVA allowed distributors to elect one of these wholesale rate structures and make retail adjustments consistent with their wholesale elections. Distributor elections went into effect October 1, 2012, as follows: 142 chose the MTOU structure, six chose the default TOU structure, and seven chose the MSDE structure. As expected, aligning rates with the cost of service reduced overall effective base rates during transition and winter months, in comparison to the same period of 2012, and is expected to produce higher revenues during the summer months.
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Operating Expenses. Operating expenses for the three and six months ended March 31, 2013, and 2012, consisted of the following:

Operating Expenses
| Three Months Ended March 31 |  | Six Months Ended March 31
| 2013 |  | 2012 |  | Percent Change |  | 2013 |  | 2012 |  | Percent Change
Fuel | $ | 672 |  |  | $ | 524 |  |  | 28.2 | % |  | $ | 1,466 |  |  | $ | 1,164 |  |  | 25.9 | %
Purchased power | 288 |  |  | 329 |  |  | (12.5 | )% |  | 533 |  |  | 648 |  |  | (17.7 | )%
Operating and maintenance | 876 |  |  | 863 |  |  | 1.5 | % |  | 1,795 |  |  | 1,743 |  |  | 3.0 | %
Depreciation and amortization | 408 |  |  | 493 |  |  | (17.2 | )% |  | 836 |  |  | 934 |  |  | (10.5 | )%
Tax equivalents | 136 |  |  | 149 |  |  | (8.7 | )% |  | 273 |  |  | 300 |  |  | (9.0 | )%
Total operating expenses | $ | 2,380 |  |  | $ | 2,358 |  |  | 0.9 | % |  | $ | 4,903 |  |  | $ | 4,789 |  |  | 2.4 | %

The following table summarizes TVA's net generation and purchased power in millions of kWh by generating source and the percentage of all electric power generated and purchased for the periods indicated:

Power Supply from TVA-Operated Generation Facilities and Purchased Power (millions of kWh)
| Three Months Ended March 31 |  | Six Months Ended March 31
| 2013 |  | 2012 |  | 2013 |  | 2012
Coal-fired | 14,648 |  | 34 | % |  | 11,405 |  | 27 | % |  | 32,299 |  | 39 | % |  | 23,866 |  |  | 30 | %
Nuclear | 13,151 |  | 31 | % |  | 13,830 |  | 34 | % |  | 23,740 |  | 29 | % |  | 28,507 |  |  | 35 | %
Hydroelectric | 5,606 |  | 13 | % |  | 4,736 |  | 12 | % |  | 9,019 |  | 11 | % |  | 8,714 |  |  | 11 | %
Natural gas and/or oil-fired | 3,873 |  | 9 | % |  | 3,851 |  | 9 | % |  | 7,683 |  | 9 | % |  | 6,843 |  |  | 8 | %
Renewable resources (non-hydro) | 1 |  | — | % |  | 2 |  | — | % |  | 5 |  | — | % |  | 10 |  |  | — | %
Total TVA-operated generation facilities | 37,279 |  | 87 | % |  | 33,824 |  | 82 | % |  | 72,746 |  | 88 | % |  | 67,940 |  |  | 84 | %
Purchased power | 5,707 |  | 13 | % |  | 7,300 |  | 18 | % |  | 10,070 |  | 12 | % |  | 12,905 |  |  | 16 | %
Total power supply | 42,986 |  | 100 | % |  | 41,124 |  | 100 | % |  | 82,816 |  | 100 | % |  | 80,845 |  |  | 100 | %

Fuel expense increased $148 million during the three months ended March 31, 2013, as compared to the same period of the prior year, primarily due to the utilization of more expensive generation resources. During the three month period ended March 31, 2013, TVA completed a nuclear refueling outage on one unit at Sequoyah, which included a steam generator replacement project, and began an additional refueling outage on one unit at Browns Ferry, compared to one nuclear refueling outage during the same period of the prior year, which contributed to a five percent decrease in nuclear generation. A 28 percent increase in coal-fired generation helped to offset the decrease in nuclear generation. Additionally, higher market prices for natural gas caused a 35 percent increase in the average cost of gas-fired generation. The increase in coal-fired generation and the increase in the average cost of gas-fired generation contributed to a $102 million increase in fuel expense. Higher sales of electricity led to an increase in overall generation and accounted for the remaining $46 million of the increase in fuel expense.
Purchased power expense decreased $41 million during the three months ended March 31, 2013, as compared to the same period of the prior year, primarily due to a 22 percent decrease in the volume of power purchased. Higher market prices for natural gas contributed to the volume decrease, as TVA’s primary source of purchased power is natural gas-fired generation. This reduced purchased power expense by $72 million.
Operating and maintenance expense increased by $13 million for the three months ended March 31, 2013, as compared to the same period of the prior year. The increase was primarily attributable to a $17 million increase in nuclear expense and a $10 million increase in pension benefit expense. The increase in nuclear expense was driven by outage-dependent projects and other maintenance expenses that occurred during the steam generator replacement project at Sequoyah. The increase in pension benefit expense was the result of the use of a lower assumed discount rate in the actuarial calculation of pension liabilities. Offsetting these increases was a $19 million decrease in coal-fired operation expenses, due to the idling of several coal-fired units at Johnsonville Fossil Plant ("Johnsonville"), John Sevier Fossil Plant ("John Sevier"), and Widows Creek Fossil Plant ("Widows Creek") during 2012 and the first quarter of 2013.
Depreciation and amortization expense decreased $85 million for the three months ended March 31, 2013, as compared to the same period of the prior year, primarily due to a decrease in the amount of accelerated depreciation that was recognized on certain coal-fired units that were idled during 2012 and the first quarter of 2013.
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Tax equivalents expense decreased $13 million in the three months ended March 31, 2013, compared to the same period of the prior year. This change primarily reflects a decrease in gross revenues from the sale of power (excluding sales or deliveries to other federal agencies and off-system sales with other utilities) during 2012 compared to 2011.
Fuel expense increased $302 million during the six months ended March 31, 2013, as compared to the same period of the prior year, primarily due to the utilization of more expensive generation resources. During the six month period ended March 31, 2013, TVA completed three nuclear refueling outages on units at Watts Bar, Browns Ferry, and Sequoyah, which included a steam generator replacement project, and began a fourth refueling outage on another unit at Browns Ferry, compared to one nuclear refueling outage at Sequoyah during the same period of the prior year, which contributed to a 17 percent decrease in nuclear generation. A 35 percent increase in coal-fired generation and a 12 percent increase in gas-fired generation helped to offset the decrease in nuclear generation and contributed to a $214 million increase in fuel expense. Higher sales of electricity led to an increase in overall generation and accounted for the remaining $88 million of the increase in fuel expense.
Purchased power expense decreased $115 million during the six months ended March 31, 2013, as compared to the same period of the prior year, primarily due to a 22 percent decrease in the volume of power purchased. Higher market prices for natural gas contributed to the volume decrease, as TVA’s primary source of purchased power is natural gas-fired generation. This reduced purchased power expense by $142 million.
Operating and maintenance expense increased by $52 million for the six months ended March 31, 2013, as compared to the same period of the prior year. The increase was primarily attributable to a $149 million increase in nuclear expense. There were four planned nuclear refueling outages during the six months ended March 31, 2013, compared to one during the same period of the prior year. Additionally, there were increases in nuclear outage projects and other scheduled maintenance and labor costs. This increase was partially offset by a $59 million decrease in coal-fired operations, related to fewer outage and project expenses. In the six months ended March 31, 2013, there were 68 percent fewer planned outage days for coal-fired units as compared to the same period of the prior year. In addition, with the idling of units at Johnsonville, John Sevier, and Widows Creek during 2012 and the first quarter of 2013, coal-fired scheduled maintenance expense decreased $37 million in the six months ended March 31, 2013, compared to the same period of the prior year.
Depreciation and amortization expense decreased $98 million for the six months ended March 31, 2013, as compared to the same period of the prior year, primarily due to a decrease in the amount of accelerated depreciation recognized for certain coal-fired units to be idled. Several coal-fired units at Johnsonville and John Sevier were idled during 2012 and the first quarter of 2013, which resulted in accelerated depreciation of $126 million for the six months ended March 31, 2012, compared to only $32 million of accelerated depreciation for the six months ended March 31, 2013 on the same units at Johnsonville and John Sevier.
Tax equivalents expense decreased $27 million in the six months ended March 31, 2013, compared to the same period of the prior year. This change primarily reflects a decrease in gross revenues from the sale of power (excluding sales or deliveries to other federal agencies and off-system sales with other utilities) during 2012 compared to 2011.
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Interest Expense. Interest expense and interest rates for the three and six months ended March 31, 2013, and 2012, were as follows:

Interest Expense
| Three Months Ended March 31 |  | Six Months Ended March 31
| 2013 |  | 2012 |  | Percent Change |  | 2013 |  | 2012 |  | Percent Change
Interest Expense(1) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Interest expense | $ | 359 |  |  | $ | 368 |  |  | (2.4 | )% |  | $ | 714 |  |  | $ | 726 |  |  | (1.7 | )%
Allowance for funds used during construction and nuclear fuel expenditures | (41 | ) |  | (42 | ) |  | (2.4 | )% |  | (80 | ) |  | (81 | ) |  | (1.2 | )%
Net interest expense | $ | 318 |  |  | $ | 326 |  |  | (2.5 | )% |  | $ | 634 |  |  | $ | 645 |  |  | (1.7 | )%
| 2013 |  | 2012 |  | Percent Change |  | 2013 |  | 2012 |  | Percent Change
Interest Rates (average) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Long-term outstanding power bonds(2) | 5.777 | % |  | 5.753 | % |  | 0.4 | % |  | 5.767 | % |  | 5.753 | % |  | 0.2 | %
Long-term debt of variable interest entities | 4.875 | % |  | 4.829 | % |  | 1.0 | % |  | 4.875 | % |  | 4.829 | % |  | 1.0 | %
Discount notes | 0.085 | % |  | 0.002 | % |  | 4,150.0 | % |  | 0.104 | % |  | 0.001 | % |  | 10,300.0 | %
Blended | 5.498 | % |  | 5.662 | % |  | (2.9 | )% |  | 5.455 | % |  | 5.671 | % |  | (3.8 | )%

Notes
(1) Interest expense includes interest on long-term debt obligations, including amortization of debt discounts, issuance, and reacquisition costs, net.
(2) The average interest rates on long-term debt obligations reflected in the table above are calculated using an average of long-term debt balances at the end of each month in the periods above and interest expense for those periods.
(3) While the average interest rates increased for the long-term outstanding power bonds and the discount notes, the impact of adding the long-term debt of variable interest entities to the blended interest rate calculation decreased the blended interest rate in the three and six months ended March 31, 2013.
Net interest expense decreased $8 million for the three months ended March 31, 2013 as compared to the same period of the prior year. This was primarily attributable to a decrease in interest expense of $18 million as a result of a decrease in the average balance of long-term debt. This was partially offset by a $10 million increase in interest expense primarily due to an increase in amortization of debt reacquisition cost as a result of prior year refinancing.
Net interest expense decreased $11 million for the six months ended March 31, 2013 as compared to the same period of the prior year. This was primarily attributable to a decrease in interest expense of $40 million as a result of a decrease in the average balance of long-term debt. This was partially offset by a $29 million increase in interest expense primarily due to an increase in amortization of debt reacquisition cost as a result of prior year refinancing and due to the financing of the John Sevier Combined Cycle Facility ("John Sevier CCF"). See Note 7.
Liquidity and Capital Resources
Sources of Liquidity
To meet cash needs and contingencies, TVA depends on various sources of liquidity. TVA’s primary sources of liquidity are cash from operations and proceeds from the issuance of short-term and long-term debt. Current liabilities may exceed current assets from time to time in part because TVA uses short-term debt to fund short-term cash needs, as well as to pay scheduled maturities and other redemptions of long-term debt. The daily balance of cash and cash equivalents maintained is based on near-term expectations for cash expenditures and funding needs.
In addition to cash from operations and proceeds from the issuance of short-term and long-term debt, TVA's sources of liquidity include a $150 million credit facility with the United States ("U.S.") Treasury, three revolving credit facilities totaling $2.5 billion, and proceeds from any other financing arrangements such as lease financings, call monetization transactions, sales of assets, and sales of receivables and loans. Management expects these sources, certain of which are described below, to provide adequate liquidity to TVA for the foreseeable future.
The TVA Act authorizes TVA to issue Bonds in an amount not to exceed $30.0 billion outstanding at any time. Due to this limit on Bonds, TVA may not be able to use Bonds to finance all of the capital investments planned over the next decade. However, TVA believes that other forms of financing not subject to the limit on Bonds, including lease financings (such as the lease-purchase transaction involving the John Sevier CCF), can provide supplementary funding. Also, the impact of energy efficiency and demand response initiatives may reduce generation requirements and thereby reduce capital needs. TVA anticipates that capital spending needs can be met with a combination of Bonds, lease arrangements, energy prepayments, additional power revenues through rate increases, cost reductions, or other ways.
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Debt Securities. TVA’s Bonds consist of power bonds and discount notes. Power bonds have maturities of between one and 50 years, and discount notes have maturities of less than one year. Power bonds and discount notes have a first priority and equal claim of payment out of net power proceeds. Net power proceeds are defined as the remainder of TVA's gross power revenues after deducting the costs of operating, maintaining, and administering its power properties and payments to states and counties in lieu of taxes, but before deducting depreciation accruals or other charges representing the amortization of capital expenditures, plus the net proceeds from the sale or other disposition of any power facility or interest therein. TVA’s Bonds are not obligations of the United States, and the United States does not guarantee the payments of principal or interest on Bonds. In addition to power bonds and discount notes, TVA had outstanding at March 31, 2013, the long-term debt of two variable interest entities. See Lease/Leaseback Financing below and Note 11 — Debt Securities Activity for additional information.
The following table provides additional information regarding TVA's short-term borrowings.

Short-Term Borrowing Table
| At March 31 2013 |  | Three Months Ended March 31 2013 |  | Six Months Ended March 31 2013 |  | At March 31 2012 |  | Three Months Ended March 31 2012 |  | Six Months Ended March 31 2012
Amount Outstanding (at End of Period) or Average Amount Outstanding (During Period) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Discount Notes | $ | 2,045 |  |  | $ | 1,098 |  |  | $ | 1,239 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 262 |  |  | $ | 353 |
Weighted Average Interest Rate |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Discount Notes | 0.090 | % |  | 0.085 | % |  | 0.104 | % |  | 0.000 | % |  | 0.002 | % |  | 0.001 | %
Maximum Month-End Amount Outstanding (During Period) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Discount Notes | N/A |  |  | $ | 2,045 |  |  | $ | 2,045 |  |  | N/A |  |  | $ | 785 |  |  | $ | 785 |

Credit Facility Agreements. TVA and the U.S. Treasury, pursuant to the TVA Act, have entered into a memorandum of understanding under which the U.S. Treasury provides TVA with a $150 million credit facility. This credit facility was renewed for fiscal year 2013 with a maturity date of September 30, 2013. Access to this credit facility or other similar financing arrangements with the U.S. Treasury has been available to TVA since the 1960s. TVA plans to use the U.S. Treasury credit facility as a secondary source of liquidity. The interest rate on any borrowing under this facility is based on the average rate on outstanding marketable obligations of the United States with maturities from date of issue of one year or less. There were no outstanding borrowings under the facility at March 31, 2013. The availability of this credit facility may be impacted by how the U.S. government addresses the situation of approaching its debt limit.
The following table provides additional information regarding TVA's funding available in the form of three long-term revolving credit facilities. The credit facilities accommodate the issuance of letters of credit. The interest rate on any borrowing under these facilities varies based on market factors and the rating of TVA's senior unsecured long-term non-credit enhanced debt. See Note 11 — Credit Facility Agreements and Note 13 — Other Derivative Instruments — Collateral.

Summary of Long-Term Credit Facilities At March 31, 2013 (in billions)
Maturity Date | Facility Limit |  | Letters of Credit Outstanding |  | Cash Borrowings |  | Availability
June 2017 | $ | 1.0 |  |  | $ | 0.5 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 0.5 |
December 2017 | 1.0 |  |  | 0.1 |  |  | — |  |  | 0.9 |
January 2014* | 0.5 |  |  | 0.5 |  |  | — |  |  | — |
| $ | 2.5 |  |  | $ | 1.1 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 1.4 |

* On April 5, 2013, a $0.5 billion revolving credit facility that matures in April 2018, replaced the January 2014 credit facility.
According to statements made by nationally recognized credit rating agencies, the credit ratings of the United States government remain under negative pressure despite recent legislative developments, and additional fiscal measures may be needed to improve the outlook on the government's bond ratings. Although TVA Bonds are not obligations of the United States, TVA, as a corporate agency and instrumentality of the United States government, may be impacted if the sovereign credit ratings
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of the United States are downgraded. Additionally, TVA may be impacted by how the U.S. government addresses the situation of approaching its debt limit.
Lease/Leaseback Financing. On January 17, 2012, TVA entered into a $1.0 billion lease financing arrangement with John Sevier Combined Cycle Generation LLC ("JSCCG") for the completion and lease of John Sevier CCF. As part of the arrangement, JSCCG issued $900 million of secured notes and $100 million of membership interests subject to mandatory redemption. The membership interests in JSCCG were funded by John Sevier Holdco LLC ("Holdco") with proceeds from a $100 million secured notes issuance. TVA received approximately $970 million from the transaction, and used the proceeds to meet its requirements under the TVA Act. JSCCG deposited approximately $30 million with a lease indenture trustee to fund the first payments due on its secured notes and membership interests in July 2012. TVA has determined that JSCCG and Holdco are variable interest entities of which TVA is the primary beneficiary and, as such, TVA is required to account for the entities on a consolidated basis. See Note 7.
Seven States Power Corporation ("Seven States"), through its subsidiary, Seven States Southaven, LLC ("SSSL"), exercised its option to purchase from TVA an undivided 90 percent interest in a combined-cycle combustion turbine facility in Southaven, Mississippi. As part of interim joint-ownership arrangements, Seven States has the right at any time during the interim period, and for any reason, to require TVA to buy back SSSL's interest in the facility. The interim period under the joint-ownership arrangements was to expire on April 23, 2013. On April 18, 2013, TVA and Seven States, through SSSL, agreed to extend the expiration date of the interim joint ownership arrangements to September 5, 2013. The other material terms and conditions of the arrangements were not changed and remain in full force and effect. TVA intends to re-acquire SSSL's interest in the facility and the related assets either on or prior to the extended expiration date of September 5, 2013. The carrying amount of the Southaven obligation on TVA's consolidated balance sheets was approximately $370 million at March 31, 2013, and $378 million at September 30, 2012. On March 31, 2013, this obligation was recorded in Current portion of leaseback obligations on the Consolidated Balance Sheets.
TVA may seek to enter into similar arrangements for other assets in the future, potentially including assets under construction. While such leasing transactions allow TVA to diversify its asset financing program, financing an asset by using the proceeds of leasing transactions is typically more costly to TVA than financing an asset with the proceeds of Bonds.
Summary Cash Flows
A major source of TVA's liquidity is operating cash flows resulting from the generation and sales of electricity. A summary of cash flow components for the six months ended March 31, 2013, and 2012, follows:

Summary Cash Flows
| Six Months Ended March 31
| 2013 |  | 2012
Cash provided by (used in): |  |  |
Operating activities | $ | 1,148 |  |  | $ | 867 |
Investing activities | (1,204 | ) |  | (1,359 | )
Financing activities | 107 |  |  | 356 |
Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents | $ | 51 |  |  | $ | (136 | )

Operating Activities. Net cash flows provided by operating activities increased $281 million for the six months ended March 31, 2013, as compared to the same period during the prior year. The increase was primarily due to an increase in operating income as a result of more heating degree days during the six months ended March 31, 2013, as compared to the same period during the prior year. See Results of Operations.
Furthermore, there was an increase in cash flows in the current year related to working capital activities, including a $367 million increase in changes in Inventories and other current assets, driven by increased nuclear outages and a change in gas market prices. Rising gas prices and nuclear unavailability resulted in coal-fired generation being the most economical source of power. As a result, existing coal inventories that had been built up during the prior year were used. Additionally, the rising market prices of natural gas decreased TVA's required posting of collateral cash associated with commodity hedges.
These changes in Inventories and other current assets were partially offset by a $160 million decrease in the change in Accounts receivable due to the timing of sales related to the seasonality of TVA's operations whereby sales were significantly higher during the summer months in 2011 compared to the summer months in 2012. As a result, the beginning accounts receivable balance at 2012 compared to the beginning balance at 2013 was higher.
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Investing Activities. The majority of TVA's investing cash flows are due to investments in property, plant, and equipment for new generating assets and work on existing facilities, environmental projects, and transmission upgrades necessary to maintain reliability. Net cash flows used in investing activities decreased $155 million for the six months ended March 31, 2013, as compared to the same period in the prior year. This change was primarily due to the timing and prioritization of capital projects.
Financing Activities. Net cash flows provided by financing activities decreased $249 million in the six months ended March 31, 2013, as compared to the same period in the prior year, due primarily to a $1.3 billion increase in redemptions of long-term debt during the six months ended March 31, 2013, as compared to same period in the prior year. The large increase in redemptions was primarily due to the $1.4 billion maturity of TVA 1998 Series C Global Power Bonds during the six months ended March 31, 2013, while only $125 million of long-term debt was redeemed in the same period in the prior year. The increase in long-term debt redemptions was offset by a $1.0 billion net change in short-term debt issuances during the six months ended March 31, 2013, as compared to the same period in the prior year. Short-term debt increased in the six months ended March 31, 2013, due to TVA’s election to maintain higher cash balances during the six months ended March 31, 2013, and the replacement of some long-term debt with short-term debt.
Cash Requirements and Contractual Obligations
The estimated cash requirements and contractual obligations for TVA as of March 31, 2013, are detailed in the following table.

Commitments and Contingencies Payments due in the year ending September 30
| 2013(1) |  | 2014 |  | 2015 |  | 2016 |  | 2017 |  | Thereafter |  | Total
Debt(2) | $ | 3,283 |  |  | $ | 32 |  |  | $ | 1,032 |  |  | $ | 32 |  |  | $ | 1,555 |  |  | $ | 18,411 |  |  | $ | 24,345 |
Interest payments relating to debt | 632 |  |  | 1,179 |  |  | 1,177 |  |  | 1,132 |  |  | 1,119 |  |  | 18,998 |  |  | 24,237 |
Debt of VIEs | 6 |  |  | 13 |  |  | 14 |  |  | 15 |  |  | 16 |  |  | 924 |  |  | 988 |
Interest payments relating to debt of VIEs | 24 |  |  | 48 |  |  | 47 |  |  | 46 |  |  | 46 |  |  | 716 |  |  | 927 |
Lease obligations |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Capital | 1 |  |  | 2 |  |  | 2 |  |  | 2 |  |  | 2 |  |  | 22 |  |  | 31 |
Non-cancelable operating | 30 |  |  | 38 |  |  | 26 |  |  | 25 |  |  | 25 |  |  | 113 |  |  | 257 |
Purchase obligations |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Power | 106 |  |  | 205 |  |  | 208 |  |  | 220 |  |  | 217 |  |  | 3,650 |  |  | 4,606 |
Fuel | 746 |  |  | 1,202 |  |  | 1,011 |  |  | 682 |  |  | 368 |  |  | 2,468 |  |  | 6,477 |
Other | 172 |  |  | 198 |  |  | 143 |  |  | 134 |  |  | 133 |  |  | 1,193 |  |  | 1,973 |
Environmental Agreements | 49 |  |  | 75 |  |  | 79 |  |  | 66 |  |  | 46 |  |  | 9 |  |  | 324 |
Litigation settlements | 6 |  |  | 8 |  |  | 1 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 15 |
Environmental cleanup costs-Kingston ash spill | 74 |  |  | 104 |  |  | 39 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 217 |
Payments on other financings | 406 |  |  | 100 |  |  | 104 |  |  | 104 |  |  | 104 |  |  | 505 |  |  | 1,323 |
Payments to U.S. Treasury |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Return of Power Program Appropriation Investment | 20 |  |  | 10 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 30 |
Return on Power Program Appropriation Investment | 6 |  |  | 8 |  |  | 8 |  |  | 8 |  |  | 8 |  |  | 101 |  |  | 139 |
Total | $ | 5,561 |  |  | $ | 3,222 |  |  | $ | 3,891 |  |  | $ | 2,466 |  |  | $ | 3,639 |  |  | $ | 47,110 |  |  | $ | 65,889 |

Notes
(1) Period April 1 – September 30, 2013
(2) Does not include noncash items of foreign currency exchange gain of $16 million and net discount on sale of Bonds of $83 million.
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In addition to the obligations above, TVA has energy prepayment obligations in the form of revenue discounts.

Energy Prepayment Obligations Payments due in the year ending September 30
| 2013(1) |  | 2014 |  | 2015 |  | 2016 |  | 2017 |  | Thereafter |  | Total
Energy Prepayment Obligations | $ | 50 |  |  | $ | 100 |  |  | $ | 100 |  |  | $ | 100 |  |  | $ | 100 |  |  | $ | 110 |  |  | $ | 560 |

Note
(1) Period April 1 – September 30, 2013
EnergyRight® Solutions Program. TVA guarantees repayment on certain loans receivable from customers of TVA's distributors in association with the EnergyRight® Solutions program. TVA sells the loans receivable to a third-party bank and has agreed with the bank to purchase any loan receivable that has been in default for 180 days or more or that TVA has determined is uncollectible. At March 31, 2013, the carrying amount of the loans receivable, net of discount, was approximately $151 million. Such amounts are not reflected in the Commitments and Contingencies table above. The carrying amount of the associated obligation to purchase those loans was approximately $186 million.
Liquidity Challenges Related to Generation Resources
Nuclear Regulatory Commission Safety Improvements Orders and Other Guidance. On March 9, 2012, the NRC issued three new safety orders stemming from lessons learned from the events that occurred in 2011 at the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant ("Fukushima events"). The orders include the development of strategies for responding to an interruption of off-site power, the addition of more reliable instruments to measure water levels in cooling pools where spent nuclear fuel is stored, and the installation of more robust containment venting systems to prevent containment failure due to over-pressurization. The orders dealing with the loss of off-site power and monitoring spent fuel pools will apply to every nuclear reactor in the U.S., including Watts Bar Unit 2, which will be required to comply prior to issuance of its operating license. The order requiring more robust containment venting systems applies only to certain U.S. boiling water reactors, including Browns Ferry; these reactors are required to improve their containment venting systems to prevent over-pressurization due to the build-up of non-condensable gases such as hydrogen. Licensees have until December 2016 or until the second refueling outage after submittal of implementation plans (TVA's plans were submitted on February 28, 2013), whichever is earlier, to fully implement the requirements of these three orders. TVA's implementation of the requirements of the orders will vary from plant to plant due to the timing of the scheduled refueling outages at each plant.
In addition to these orders, the NRC issued requests for information from U.S. nuclear operators regarding earthquake and flood risks and emergency planning. Based on the information provided in response to these requests, the NRC will determine if additional regulatory requirements are needed for these subjects. At this time TVA is not able to predict the final outcome of these requirements or the associated costs; however, these amounts could be significant. The orders and requests for information represent the Tier 1 issues associated with Fukushima. There are additional issues in Tiers 2 and 3 that may prompt future regulatory action.
Since the Fukushima events, the NRC has also issued additional detailed guidance on the expected response capability to be developed by each nuclear plant site. The Nuclear Energy Institute ("NEI") has also provided guidance that has been adopted by the NRC. TVA has developed plans and schedules for the development and implementation of strategies and physical plant modifications to address the actions outlined in the NRC orders and subsequent NRC and NEI guidance for its plants, which are being incorporated into the construction plans for Watts Bar Unit 2. Based on the current known scope of the Fukushima response requirements and the established TVA schedule, resolution of the identified issues is expected to be completed at Watts Bar Unit 2 by the fourth quarter of CY 2014. However, on-going studies related to flooding and seismic events may result in additional scope that may impact the overall Fukushima response schedule. These studies are expected to be concluded in CY 2013.
Browns Ferry. In October 2010, while Browns Ferry Unit 1 was shut down for a scheduled refueling outage, TVA discovered a low pressure coolant injection valve had experienced an unanticipated failure. The NRC concluded that the valve failure and TVA's inability to identify the failure was an issue of “high safety significance” (which is termed a “red” finding under the NRC's Reactor Oversight Process) and designated Browns Ferry in the “multiple/repetitive degraded cornerstone” category in its performance assessment process. As a result of this designation, Browns Ferry is subject to substantially higher NRC oversight. A series of intensive inspections and assessments began in the fall of 2011.
As a result of challenges with the performance of a key safety system (high pressure coolant injection ("HPCI")) on Browns Ferry Unit 1, the related NRC Reactor Oversight Process Performance Indicator entered the “white” performance band. As a result, the NRC conducted a satisfactory supplemental inspection regarding this finding in October 2012. It is currently expected that this indicator may not exit the white band until mid-CY 2013.
Additionally, because of three unplanned reactor shutdowns at Browns Ferry Unit 3 at the end of the spring 2012 refueling outage, the related NRC Reactor Oversight Process Performance Indicators entered the "white" performance band. The NRC inspected TVA's corrective actions for this issue in November 2012. The NRC issued an inspection report on
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November 30, 2012 and concluded that TVA had adequately completed a root cause analysis of the issue and had identified appropriate corrective actions to prevent recurrence of the issue.
In June 2012, TVA presented its plans to improve Browns Ferry's overall performance and reduce plant risk at a public meeting with the NRC. TVA described its plans to implement corrective actions and monitor the improvement of plant performance to support the NRC's supplemental inspections of Browns Ferry related to the 2011 red finding. TVA noted that while, at that time, much improvement remained to be realized, there were initial indications that improvement was occurring. Subsequently, in February 2013, TVA notified the NRC that Browns Ferry was ready for the NRC to conduct the significant inspection associated with the red finding (referred to as a 95003 inspection). Initial aspects of that inspection are underway and the major NRC inspection trip for the red finding is currently scheduled for May 2013. The TVA Board has approved the expenditure of up to $138 million through 2015 to accelerate improvements in Browns Ferry's performance and reliability.
In October 2012, the Institute of Nuclear Power Operations ("INPO") Accrediting Board of the National Academy of Nuclear Training renewed accreditation for Browns Ferry’s training programs for chemistry technicians, radiation protection technicians, instrumentation and controls, and electrical and mechanical maintenance. However, the INPO Board placed the engineering training program on probation. A recovery plan was implemented and the engineering training program was reaccredited in March 2013.
In March 2013, TVA submitted a License Amendment Request to the NRC requesting a change to Browns Ferry's operating license to transition to a risk-based fire protection program as defined under the fire code commonly referred to as the National Fire Protection Association Standard 805. As scoped in the license amendment request, design and modifications will be performed over the next six years. Cost estimates are still being developed but costs are expected to be significant.
Extreme Flooding Preparedness. Updates to the TVA analytical hydrology model have indicated that under "probable maximum flood" assumptions, some of TVA's dams would not be high enough to contain the flood waters. A "probable maximum flood” is an extremely unlikely event, and TVA is taking actions with the aim of ensuring that flood waters would pass safely and not cause failure of these dams. TVA implemented interim dam modifications in the first quarter of 2010 by installing engineered, interconnected, fabric-lined containers filled with compacted crushed stone to protect four upstream dams. TVA is preparing a final Environmental Impact Statement in accordance with the National Environmental Policy Act to identify permanent solutions.
As discussed above under Nuclear Regulatory Commission Safety Improvement Orders and Other Guidance, the NRC has issued requests for information from U.S. nuclear operators regarding flood risks. In response to this request, TVA is performing additional hydrological analyses. In March 2013, TVA advised the NRC that it will complete these analyses in early 2015. The results of these analyses and the NRC's response to the information could identify the need for additional modifications.
In June 2012, TVA committed to the NRC to make a series of near-term and longer-term improvements to reduce flooding concerns at Watts Bar and Sequoyah. These improvements are in addition to the interim dam modifications described above. The near-term improvements involve the construction of flood barriers around specific components or buildings at the plants. Any specific improvements will be identified after the completion of necessary technical and environmental reviews.
In March 2013, the NRC advised TVA of multiple apparent violations associated with TVA’s management of several aspects of the hydrology issues associated with Watts Bar and Sequoyah. These apparent violations have been discussed at a regulatory conference with the NRC in late April 2013. There is potential that the resolution of this enforcement process could involve one or more significant “white” or “yellow” findings for either or both Watts Bar and Sequoyah.
The total financial impact of the regulatory issues and the permanent modifications to any additional dams or plants downstream identified as a result of the assessment is being evaluated and should be completed by 2015. The costs associated with the potential improvements to the dams and plants are still unknown but could be significant.
Watts Bar Unit 2. Construction of Watts Bar Unit 2 is continuing in accordance with the schedule and budget expectations approved by the TVA Board of Directors (the "TVA Board") in April 2012. The total estimated cost of completion is in the range of $4.0 billion to $4.5 billion. TVA has not identified any new short-term issues that could compromise project completion. The revision to the construction schedule estimated completion between September 2015 and June 2016, and construction is currently expected to be completed by December 2015. Regulatory and licensing issues remain as primary risks for the project. The risks include compliance with the NRC requirements resulting from the Fukushima events; resolution of the NRC's Waste Confidence Decision relating to the potential environmental impacts of storage of spent fuel at each reactor site; and resolution of an aquatic contention in an ongoing contested licensing proceeding. The current construction permit expired in March 2013. An extension to the permit has been requested and by regulation, work is allowed to proceed. An extended permit is expected in the summer of 2013.
Bellefonte Unit 1. TVA has initiated an Interim Estimate to Complete ("IETC") for the Bellefonte Nuclear Plant ("Bellefonte") construction project. The IETC was started to determine how lessons learned from the Watts Bar Unit 2 Estimate
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to Complete might impact the Bellefonte project. The IETC does not replace the planned project Estimate to Complete; however, it will provide insight into how the project is trending in regard to the estimate approved by the Board in 2011. The IETC is in progress and current indications are that the cost estimate for Bellefonte Unit 1 will rise.
2013 Key Initiatives and Challenges
Generation Resources
TVA faces potentially large capital requirements to maintain its power system infrastructure and invest in new power assets, including generation assets using cleaner energy sources.
Nuclear Generation. During the summer of 2012, Cooling Tower 3 at Browns Ferry partially collapsed and Cooling Tower 5 was inspected and subsequently condemned. Replacement towers are not expected to be available until sometime during the fourth quarter of 2013. Although the other five cooling towers at Browns Ferry should be available throughout 2013, Browns Ferry may experience some curtailment of generation due to hydrothermal issues during the summer of 2013.
On January 15, 2013, TVA submitted the license renewal application to the NRC for Sequoyah Units 1 and 2. If approved, the operating licenses for both units would be extended by an additional 20 years, to 2040 for Unit 1 and 2041 for Unit 2. The NRC's review of the applications may take up to three years. It is possible that the approval of the license renewal applications could be impacted by the NRC’s consideration of industry-wide issues, such as revisions to the Waste Confidence Decision, finalization of regulations in response to Fukushima events and other guidance.
Coal-Fired Units. In April 2011, TVA entered into two substantively similar agreements, one with the Environmental Protection Agency ("EPA") and the other with Alabama, Kentucky, North Carolina, Tennessee, and three environmental advocacy groups (collectively, the "Environmental Agreements”). See Note 17 — Environmental Agreements. Under the Environmental Agreements, TVA committed, among other things, to retire, on a phased schedule, 18 coal-fired units. Consistent with the Environmental Agreements, Units 1 and 2 at John Sevier were retired on December 31, 2012. The remaining two units at John Sevier were idled on December 31, 2012.
On December 21, 2012, in accordance with the requirements in the Environmental Agreements, TVA notified the EPA of its decision regarding options for Units 3 and 4 at John Sevier and Unit 5 at Colbert Fossil Plant ("Colbert"). TVA elected to retire John Sevier Units 3 and 4 by December 31, 2015 and to remove Colbert Unit 5 from service effective December 31, 2015. Additionally, TVA provided notice that it will locate a Particulate Matter Continuous Emissions Monitor ("PM CEM") on the common stack for Shawnee Fossil Plant Units 6-10 in lieu of installing the PM CEM at Colbert Unit 5.
In March 2013, TVA announced it is proceeding with a $1.1 billion emissions control project at Gallatin Fossil Plant ("Gallatin"). The project includes the installation of selective catalytic reduction ("SCR") systems and scrubbers at all four units of the 976 MW plant. The scrubbers are expected to be completed in 2016, with the SCR systems to follow in 2018.
Due to the age, lower capacity, and lower efficiency of TVA's older coal-fired units, it may not be economical to continue to operate some units in the future, particularly if new environmental laws or regulations become effective. However, discontinuing the use of some coal-fired units may be constrained by transmission reinforcement that will be required before the units are taken out of service. TVA is also planning to convert its wet CCR facilities to dry collection facilities, and the estimated cost of this conversion is between $1.5 billion and $2.0 billion.
Combined-Cycle Combustion Turbine Units. In March 2013 TVA experienced a generator failure and subsequent forced outage on John Sevier Combined Cycle Plant ("John Sevier CC") Unit 1. It is anticipated that repairs will be completed by mid-summer of 2013. Because of this failure, Units 2 and 3 were inspected to determine their risk of failure and both units will require repairs as well to prevent a similar failure. These units have also been placed in forced outages and it is likely these units will be unavailable most of the third quarter of 2013.
John Sevier CC, with a net summer capability of 870 MW, was added to the TVA generating fleet in 2012. Although the cost of repairs is covered under construction/purchase warranty, the extent of these outages will likely result in TVA having to purchase higher cost power for some portion of the summer and pose a potential risk that TVA would not be able to support transmission minimum requirements in this region.
Status of Other Generation Units. TVA had several hydroelectric and combustion turbine units removed from service as of March 31, 2013.
Inspections of the turbines in the four units of the Raccoon Mountain Pumped-Storage Plant ("Raccoon Mountain") during 2012 found cracking in the rotor poles and the rotor rims. Because the same type of cracking led to the catastrophic failure of a similar unit in Europe, the Raccoon Mountain units were taken out of service. The units, with a net summer capability of 1,616 MW, are utilized to balance the transmission system as well as generate power. Raccoon Mountain Unit 2 returned to limited service with a partially restacked rotor in October 2012, but was taken out of service again on January 3, 2013, due to a failed rotor pole clamp. The unit has been disassembled, and a root cause analysis is being conducted. All units are expected
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to be returned to service with new rotors in the 2013-2014 timeframe. TVA is dispatching generation from other TVA units and purchasing power if needed to compensate for the loss in generating capacity.
Effective May 1, 2012, four simple-cycle combustion turbine units at TVA’s Allen Fossil Plant ("Allen"), with a total net summer capability of 64 MW, were designated as temporarily unavailable for operation until repairs have been performed. Restoration projects to return the Allen units to active service are being planned for the fall of 2013 through the spring of 2014. Two simple cycle-combustion turbine units at Gallatin, with a total net summer capability of 144 MW, previously listed as unavailable for operation, were restored to full capability and availability in the second quarter of 2013.
Transmission Issues. Since announcement of the proposed integration of Entergy Corporation into the Midwest Independent Transmission System Operator, Inc. ("MISO") market, TVA has been evaluating potential impacts to the reliability of its transmission system. TVA completed a detailed reliability assessment during the second quarter of 2013 which identified that significant transmission reinforcements will be required, if new coordinated planning and operational processes are not implemented. Evaluations to mitigate effects on TVA and others are being discussed with MISO.
Capacity Agreement. On December 27, 2012, TVA signed a 10-year conversion services agreement with Calpine Energy Services, L.P., that gives TVA exclusive rights to the Decatur Energy Center in Decatur, Alabama, a 720 MW summer capacity, natural gas-fired combined cycle plant. Under this conversion services agreement, TVA will deliver natural gas to the plant and the plant, which is owned and operated by affiliates of Calpine Energy Services, L.P., will convert the natural gas to electricity and deliver the power to TVA's transmission system. The contract became effective January 1, 2013.
Regulatory Compliance
Commercial Grade Part Dedication Issues. In March 2013, TVA conducted a public meeting with the NRC to address concerns regarding TVA’s practices for procuring certain parts for installation in its nuclear plants. The practice under question by the NRC involves parts that are obtained from general commercial suppliers and subsequently evaluated by TVA for acceptability for use in nuclear plants. This practice, which is permitted by the NRC regulations, requires certain controls and documentation. At the meeting, TVA indicated that its practices for dedicating commercially obtained parts had not met some regulatory requirements from 1995 to 2011. TVA outlined a recovery project to review the documentation, and if necessary, to test commercially obtained and dedicated parts installed in its nuclear plants.
Kingston Fossil Plant. In December 2008, one of the dredge cells at the Kingston Fossil Plant failed, and approximately five million cubic yards of water and coal fly ash flowed out of the cell. TVA is continuing cleanup and recovery efforts in conjunction with federal and state agencies. TVA completed the removal of time-critical ash from the river during the third quarter of 2010, and removal of the remaining ash is considered to be non-time-critical. In November 2012, the EPA and the Tennessee Department of Environment and Conservation ("TDEC") approved a plan to allow the Emory River's natural processes to remediate the remaining ash in the river, and to conduct a long-term monitoring program. TVA estimates that the physical cleanup work (final removal) will be completed in the first quarter of 2015. A final assessment, issuance of a completion report, and approval by the State of Tennessee and the EPA are expected to occur by the third quarter of 2015. See Note 8.
Blue Ridge Dam and Other Dam Safety Improvement Initiatives
TVA initiated a rehabilitation project on the Blue Ridge Dam in 2009. Work to repair and stabilize the downstream side of the dam was nearly complete when, on February 29, 2012, monitoring surveys indicated some down slope movement. Subsequent increased surveillance and monitoring indicated that settlement and down slope movement continued but remained within safety tolerances. At this time, movement of the embankment has stopped.
Based on TVA’s continuous monitoring and analysis, TVA considers the dam safe at this time. Additional engineering analyses to determine the cause of the movement have been completed. TVA has determined that the static stability of the dam should be increased for normal operations. Remediation is underway and should be completed in July 2013. The analysis to bring the dam up to current industry standards for seismic qualifications remains to be completed. In addition, other dams within the TVA system are being evaluated to confirm their integrity. There may or may not be any modifications necessary as a result of these additional analyses.
Future Workforce Needs and Development
Although TVA has traditionally experienced low employee turnover, potential future risks exist because of retirements and competition for talent among utility companies. Personnel with nuclear expertise, skills related to construction and installation of new environmental controls, and experience with energy efficiency and demand response initiatives are limited. To ensure that TVA can continue to attract and retain a skilled workforce needed to achieve its vision, TVA revised and implemented an agency wide workforce planning program in 2012.
On March 26, 2013, legislation that extends the federal pay freeze through December 31, 2013 became law. TVA officers continue to be subject to this freeze, and TVA will continue compliance with the freeze for managers, specialists, and
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excluded employees for the remainder of the calendar year. The federal salary freeze does not apply to TVA's represented employees, whose salary increases are governed by the terms of collective bargaining agreements, certain promotions and changes in positions, and other forms of non-salary compensation such as lump-sum and incentive-based awards.
Other Initiatives
Nuclear. In November 2012, the Department of Energy ("DOE") announced a grant award to Babcock & Wilcox ("B&W"), in conjunction with TVA and Bechtel, for small modular reactor ("SMR") development. TVA and B&W subsequently signed a contract in February 2013 establishing the process toward submittal and the NRC review of a license application. The B&W designed SMR would have a scalable, modular design allowing utilities to add electrical generation capacity in increments of 360 MW. The proposed site for the reactor is TVA’s Clinch River site near the DOE’s Oak Ridge, Tennessee reservation. DOE will invest up to half of the total cost for design, certification, and licensing with the project's industry partners (including TVA) matching this investment by at least one-to-one. The specific total cost will be negotiated between DOE and B&W.
TVA has been evaluating SMRs since 2009 but SMRs are still in the early phase of design and licensing. TVA is preparing the license application, including site characterization work, and the application should be submitted to the NRC in 2015. The Clinch River project will be evaluated at certain progress points to permit TVA to determine whether to continue the development or construction of the project.
Customers/Counterparties Risk
United States Enrichment Corporation. In May 2012, TVA extended its power contract with its largest directly served customer, United States Enrichment Corporation ("USEC"), a subsidiary of USEC, Inc. Power sales under the contract are scheduled to continue through May 31, 2013. Power sales to USEC represented five percent and four percent of TVA's total operating revenues for the years ended September 30, 2012, and 2011, respectively. See Note 13 — Counterparty Credit Risk.
USEC is also a supplier of enrichment services for uranium for fueling TVA's nuclear units through November 2014. USEC is, among others, a participant in a high assay tails (depleted uranium hexafluoride) enrichment program. This tails enrichment program may allow USEC to extend its enrichment operations through May 31, 2013. In May 2012, TVA contracted with Energy Northwest, a participant in the program, to buy a substantial portion of the program's output in the form of enrichment services and uranium hexafluoride. Should USEC fail to provide enrichment services, TVA has sufficient nuclear fuel inventory available to mitigate near-term supply risks, and also expects to be able to procure material at reasonable rates in the market for nuclear fuel.
Environmental Matters
TVA's power generation activities are subject to most federal, state, and local environmental laws and regulations. Major areas of regulation affecting TVA's activities include clean air control, water quality control, and management and disposal of solid and hazardous wastes. In the future, regulations in all of these areas are expected to become more stringent and to apply to additional emissions and sources.
NAAQS for Particulate Matter
On December 14, 2012, the EPA issued the final rule for the National Ambient Air Quality Standards ("NAAQS") for particulate matter ("PM"), lowering the annual PM 2.5 (fine particulate) standard from 15 to 12 micrograms per cubic meter. The daily PM 2.5 standard and the daily PM 10 (coarse particulate) standard remain at 35 and 150 micrograms per cubic meter, respectively. The EPA is expected to issue yet another revision to the PM standards in the CY 2017-2018 timeframe.
The new standard results in additional requirements on many sources. The EPA is expected to make final designations of non-attainment areas in 2014. The new, more stringent PM 2.5 standard is expected to be addressed in the rule which the EPA is currently developing to replace the Cross State Air Pollution Rule ("CSAPR"), which was vacated by the U.S. Court of Appeals for the D.C. Circuit in August 2012. Additional requirements beyond CSAPR revisions are unknown at this time.
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Estimated Required Environmental Expenditures
The following table contains information about TVA's current estimates on potential projects related to environmental laws and regulations.

Air, Water, and Waste Quality Estimated Potential Environmental Expenditures(1) At March 31, 2013 (in millions)
| Estimated Timetable |  | Total Estimated Expenditures
Site environmental remediation costs(2) | 2013+ |  | $ | 12 |
Coal combustion residual conversion and remediation(3) | 2013-2023 |  | $ | 1,400 |
Proposed clean air projects(4) | 2013-2022 |  | $ | 2,200 |
Clean Water Act requirements(5) | 2013-2020 |  | $ | 1,200 |

Notes
(1) These estimates are subject to change as additional information becomes available and as regulations change.
(2) Estimated liability for cleanup and similar environmental work for those sites for which sufficient information is available to develop a cost estimate.
(3) Includes closure of impoundments, construction of lined landfills, and construction of dewatering systems.
(4) Includes air quality projects that TVA is currently planning to undertake to comply with existing and proposed air quality regulations, but does not include any
projects that may be required to comply with potential GHG regulations or transmission upgrades.
(5) Includes projects that TVA is currently planning to comply with revised rules under the Clean Water Act (i.e. Section 316(b) and effluent limitation guidelines for
steam electric power plants).
Legal Proceedings
From time to time, TVA is party to or otherwise involved in lawsuits, claims, proceedings, investigations, and other legal matters ("Legal Proceedings") that have arisen in the ordinary course of conducting its activities, as a result of catastrophic events or otherwise. TVA had accrued approximately $340 million with respect to Legal Proceedings as of March 31, 2013. No assurance can be given that TVA will not be subject to significant additional claims and liabilities. If actual liabilities significantly exceed the estimates made, TVA's results of operations, liquidity, and financial condition could be materially adversely affected.
For a discussion of certain current material Legal Proceedings, see Note 17, which discussion is incorporated into this Part I, Item 2, Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations.
Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements
At March 31, 2013, TVA had no off-balance sheet arrangements.
Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates
The preparation of financial statements requires TVA to estimate the effects of various matters that are inherently uncertain as of the date of the financial statements. Although the financial statements are prepared in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the U.S., TVA is required to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities, and the amounts of revenues and expenses reported during the reporting period. Each of these estimates varies in regard to the level of judgment involved and its potential impact on TVA's financial results. Estimates are deemed critical either when a different estimate could have reasonably been used, or where changes in the estimate are reasonably likely to occur from period to period, and such use or change would materially impact TVA's financial condition, results of operations, or cash flows. TVA's critical accounting policies are discussed in Item 7, Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations — Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates and Note 1 of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements in the Annual Report.
New Accounting Standards and Interpretations
For a discussion of TVA’s new accounting standards and interpretations, see Note 2, which discussion is incorporated into this Part I, Item 2, Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations.
Corporate Governance
On February 19, 2013, Kimberly S. Greene, TVA's Executive Vice President and Chief Generation Officer, announced she would be resigning from TVA, effective March 31, 2013.
On March 14, 2013, Charles Pardee signed an agreement with TVA accepting an offer for the position of TVA's Executive Vice President and Chief Generation Officer. He began his employment with TVA on April 8, 2013.
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Other Matters
On April 10, 2013, the Fiscal Year 2014 Budget of the U.S. Government (the “Budget”) was submitted to Congress. The Budget contains the following language regarding the TVA:
In order to meet its future capacity needs, fulfill its environmental responsibilities, and modernize its aging generation system, TVA's current capital investment plan includes more than $24.6 billion of expenditures over the next 10 years. However, TVA's anticipated capital needs are likely to quickly exceed the agency's $30.0 billion statutory cap on indebtedness. Reducing or eliminating the Federal Government's role in programs such as TVA, which have achieved their original objectives and no longer require Federal participation, can help put the Nation on a sustainable fiscal path. Given TVA's debt constraints and the impact to the Federal deficit of its increasing capital expenditures, the Administration intends to undertake a strategic review of options for addressing TVA's financial situation, including the possible divestiture of TVA, in part or as a whole.
TVA does not engage, and does not control any entity that is engaged, in any activity listed under Section 13(r) of the Exchange Act, which requires certain issuers to disclose certain activities relating to Iran involving the issuer and its affiliates. Based on information supplied by each such person, none of TVA's directors and executive officers are involved in any such activities. While TVA is an agency and instrumentality of the United States of America, TVA does not believe its disclosure obligations, if any, under Section 13(r), extend to the activities of any other departments, divisions or agencies of the United States.
ITEM 3. QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK
There are no material changes related to market risks disclosed under Item 7, Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations — Risk Management Activities in the Annual Report. See Note 13 for additional information regarding TVA's derivative transactions and risk management activities.
ITEM 4. CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES
Disclosure Controls and Procedures
TVA’s management, including the President and Chief Executive Officer, the Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer, and members of the Disclosure Control Committee, including the Vice President and Controller (Principal Accounting Officer), evaluated the effectiveness of TVA’s disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rule 13a-15(e) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (the "Exchange Act")) as of March 31, 2013. Based on this evaluation, TVA’s management, including the President and Chief Executive Officer, the Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer and members of the Disclosure Control Committee, including the Vice President and Controller (Principal Accounting Officer), concluded that TVA’s disclosure controls and procedures were effective as of March 31, 2013, to ensure that information required to be disclosed by TVA in reports that it files or submits under the Exchange Act, is recorded, processed, summarized, and reported, within the time periods specified in the Securities and Exchange Commission’s rules and forms, and include controls and procedures designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed by TVA in such reports is accumulated and communicated to TVA’s management, including the President and Chief Executive Officer, the Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer and members of the Disclosure Control Committee, including the Vice President and Controller (Principal Accounting Officer), as appropriate, to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure.
Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting
During the three months ended March 31, 2013, there were no changes in TVA's internal control over financial reporting that materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, TVA's internal control over financial reporting.
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PART II - OTHER INFORMATION
ITEM 1. LEGAL PROCEEDINGS
From time to time, TVA is party to or otherwise involved in lawsuits, claims, proceedings, investigations, and other legal matters ("Legal Proceedings") that have arisen in the ordinary course of conducting its activities, as a result of catastrophic events or otherwise. While the outcome of the Legal Proceedings to which TVA is a party cannot be predicted with certainty, any adverse outcome to a Legal Proceeding involving TVA may have a material adverse effect on TVA’s financial condition, results of operations, and cash flows.
For a discussion of certain current material Legal Proceedings, see Note 17, which discussion is incorporated by reference into this Item 1, Legal Proceedings.
ITEM 1A. RISK FACTORS
There are no material changes related to risk factors from the risk factors disclosed in Item 1A, Risk Factors in the Annual Report.
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ITEM 6. EXHIBITS

Exhibit No. | Description
10.1 | Offer Letter to Charles Pardee Accepted as of March 14, 2013 (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to TVA’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on April 5, 2013, File No. 000-52313)
10.2 | $500,000,000 April 2018 Maturity Credit Agreement Dated as of April 5, 2013, among TVA, Bank of America, N.A., as Administrative Agent, Letter of Credit Issuer, and a Lender, and the Other Lenders Party Thereto (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to TVA’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on April 10, 2013, File No. 000-52313)
10.3 | Supplement No. 5 Dated as of April 18, 2013, to the Joint Ownership Agreement Dated as of April 30, 2008, Between Seven States Power Corporation and TVA (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to TVA's Current Report on Form 8-K filed on April 23, 2013, File No. 000-52313)
10.4 | Third Amendment Dated as of April 18, 2013, to Lease Agreement Dated September 30, 2008, Between TVA and Seven States Southaven, LLC (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.2 to TVA's Current Report on Form 8-K filed on April 23, 2013, File No. 000-52313)
31.1 | Rule 13a-14(a)/15d-14(a) Certification Executed by the Chief Executive Officer
31.2 | Rule 13a-14(a)/15d-14(a) Certification Executed by the Chief Financial Officer
32.1 | Section 1350 Certification Executed by the Chief Executive Officer
32.2 | Section 1350 Certification Executed by the Chief Financial Officer
101.INS * | TVA XBRL Instance Document
101.SCH * | TVA XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema
101.CAL * | TVA XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase
101.DEF * | TVA XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase
101.LAB * | TVA XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase
101.PRE * | TVA XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase

* In accordance with Rule 406T of Regulation S-T, these XBRL (eXtensible Business Reporting Language) documents are furnished and not filed for purposes of Section 18 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 and otherwise are not subject to liability under this section.
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SIGNATURES
Pursuant to the requirements of Section 13, 15(d), or 37 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.

Date: | May 2, 2013 |  | TENNESSEE VALLEY AUTHORITY
|  |  | (Registrant)
|  | By: | /s/ William D. Johnson__
|  |  | William D. Johnson
|  |  | President and Chief Executive Officer (Principal Executive Officer)
|  | By: | /s/ John M. Thomas, III______________
|  |  | John M. Thomas, III
|  |  | Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer (Principal Financial Officer)

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EXHIBIT INDEX

Exhibit No. | Description
10.1 | Offer Letter to Charles Pardee Accepted as of March 14, 2013 (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to TVA’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on April 5, 2013, File No. 000-52313)
10.2 | $500,000,000 April 2018 Maturity Credit Agreement Dated as of April 5, 2013, among TVA, Bank of America, N.A., as Administrative Agent, Letter of Credit Issuer, and a Lender, and the Other Lenders Party Thereto (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to TVA’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on April 10, 2013, File No. 000-52313)
10.3 | Supplement No. 5 Dated as of April 18, 2013, to the Joint Ownership Agreement Dated as of April 30, 2008, Between Seven States Power Corporation and TVA (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to TVA's Current Report on Form 8-K filed on April 23, 2013, File No. 000-52313)
10.4 | Third Amendment Dated as of April 18, 2013, to Lease Agreement Dated September 30, 2008, Between TVA and Seven States Southaven, LLC (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.2 to TVA's Current Report on Form 8-K filed on April 23, 2013, File No. 000-52313)
31.1 | Rule 13a-14(a)/15d-14(a) Certification Executed by the Chief Executive Officer
31.2 | Rule 13a-14(a)/15d-14(a) Certification Executed by the Chief Financial Officer
32.1 | Section 1350 Certification Executed by the Chief Executive Officer
32.2 | Section 1350 Certification Executed by the Chief Financial Officer
101.INS * | TVA XBRL Instance Document
101.SCH * | TVA XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema
101.CAL * | TVA XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase
101.DEF * | TVA XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase
101.LAB * | TVA XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase
101.PRE * | TVA XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase

* In accordance with Rule 406T of Regulation S-T, these XBRL (eXtensible Business Reporting Language) documents are furnished and not filed for purposes of Section 18 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 and otherwise are not subject to liability under this section.
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