Revenue

As described in Note 1, TVA adopted Revenue from Contracts with Customers effective October 1, 2018, using the modified retrospective method of adoption, which does not require restatement of prior year reported results. As a result of the adoption of this standard, no cumulative effect adjustment was recorded. Additionally, comparative disclosures for 2018 operating results with the previous revenue recognition rules are not applicable as TVA’s revenue recognition has not materially changed as a result of the new standard.

Revenue from Sales of Electricity

TVA’s revenue from contracts with customers is primarily derived from the generation and sale of electricity to its customers and is included in Revenue from sales of electricity on the Consolidated Statements of Operations. Electricity is sold to LPCs for distribution to their end use customers, directly served industrial companies, federal agencies, and others.



LPC sales	Approximately 92 percent of TVA’s revenue from sales of electricity are to LPCs, which then distribute the power to their customers using their own distribution systems. Power is delivered to each LPC at delivery points within the LPC's service territory. TVA recognizes revenue when the customer takes possession of the power at the delivery point. For power sales, the performance obligation to deliver power is satisfied in a series over time because the sales of electricity over the term of the customer contract are a series of distinct goods that are substantially the same and have the same pattern of transfer to the customer. TVA has no continuing performance obligations subsequent to delivery. Using the output method for revenue recognition provides a faithful depiction of the transfer of electricity as customers obtain control of the power and benefit from its use at delivery. Additionally, TVA has an enforceable right to consideration for energy delivered at any discrete point in time and will recognize revenue at an amount that reflects the consideration to which TVA is entitled for the energy delivered. The amount of revenue is based on contractual prices approved by the TVA Board. Customers are invoiced monthly for power delivered as measured by meters located at the delivery points. The net transaction price is offset by certain credits available to customers that are known at the time of billing. Credits are designed to achieve objectives of the TVA Act and include items such as hydro preference credits for residential customers of LPCs, economic development credits to promote growth in the Tennessee Valley, and interruptible credits allowing TVA to reduce industrial customer usage in periods of peak demand to balance system demand. Payments are typically due within approximately one month of invoice issuance.

Directly served customers	Directly served customers, including industrial customers, federal agencies, and other customers, take power for their own consumption. Similar to LPCs, power is delivered to a delivery point, at which time the customer takes possession and TVA recognizes revenue. For all power sales, the performance obligation to deliver power is satisfied in a series over time since the sales of electricity over the term of the customer contract are a series of distinct goods that are substantially the same and have the same pattern of transfer to the customer. TVA has no continuing performance obligations subsequent to delivery. Using the output method for revenue recognition provides a faithful depiction of the transfer of electricity as customers obtain control of the power and benefit from its use at delivery. Additionally, TVA has an enforceable right to consideration for energy delivered at any discrete point in time and will recognize revenue at an amount that reflects the consideration to which TVA is entitled for the energy delivered. The amount of revenue is based on contractual prices approved by the TVA Board. Customers are invoiced monthly for power delivered as measured by meters located at the delivery points. The net transaction price is offset by certain credits available to customers that are known at the time of billing. Examples of credits include items such as economic development credits to promote growth in the Tennessee Valley and interruptible credits allowing TVA to reduce industrial customer usage in periods of peak demand to balance system demand. Payments are typically due within approximately one month of invoice issuance.

Other Revenue

Other revenue consists primarily of wheeling and network transmission charges, sales of excess steam that is a by-product of power production, delivery point charges for interconnection points between TVA and the customer, and certain other ancillary goods or services.

Disaggregated Revenue

During the three months ended December 31, 2018, revenues generated from TVA’s electricity sales were $2.7 billion and accounted for virtually all of TVA’s revenues. TVA’s revenues by state for the three months ended December 31, 2018 and 2017 are detailed in the table below.



Operating Revenues By State Three Months Ended December 31 (in millions)
	2018		2017
Alabama	$	392	$	361
Georgia	67		63
Kentucky	168		159
Mississippi	251		237
North Carolina	20		16
Tennessee	1,771		1,660
Virginia	12		12
Subtotal	2,681		2,508
Off-system sales	—		2
Revenue capitalized during pre-commercial plant operations⁽¹⁾	—		(1		)
Revenue from sales of electricity	2,681		2,509
Other revenues	44		40
Total operating revenues	$	2,725	$	2,549

Note

(1) Represents revenue capitalized during pre-commercial operations of $1 million at Allen CC for the three months ended December 31, 2017. See Note 1 — Pre-Commercial Plant Operations.

TVA’s revenues by customer type for the three months ended December 31, 2018 and 2017 are detailed in the table below.



Operating Revenues by Customer Type Three Months Ended December 31 (in millions)
	2018		2017
Revenue from sales of electricity
Local power companies	$	2,468	$	2,316
Industries directly served	184		165
Federal agencies and other	29		29
Revenue capitalized during pre-commercial plant operations⁽¹⁾	—		(1		)
Revenue from sales of electricity	2,681		2,509
Other revenues	44		40
Total operating revenues	$	2,725	$	2,549

Note

(1) Represents revenue capitalized during pre-commercial operations of $1 million at Allen CC for the three months ended December 31, 2017. See Note 1 — Pre-Commercial Plant Operations.

The number of LPCs with the contract arrangements described below, the revenues derived from such arrangements for the three months ended December 31, 2018, and the percentage of TVA’s total operating revenues for the three months ended December 31, 2018 represented by these revenues are summarized in the table below.



TVA Local Power Company Contracts At December 31, 2018
Contract Arrangements⁽¹⁾	Number of LPCs	Sales to LPCs in the Three Months Ended December 31, 2018 (in millions)		Percentage of Total Operating Revenues in the Three Months Ended December 31, 2018
20-year termination notice	3	$	33	1.2	%
15-year termination notice	11	124		4.5	%
12-year termination notice	1	6		0.2	%
10-year termination notice	52	852		31.2	%
6-year termination notice	1	12		0.5	%
5-year termination notice	86	1,441		52.9	%
Total	154	$	2,468	90.5	%

Note

(1) Ordinarily, the LPCs and TVA have the same termination notice period; however, in contracts with five of the LPCs with five-year termination notices, TVA has a 10-year termination notice (which becomes a five-year termination notice if TVA loses its discretionary wholesale rate-setting authority). Two of the LPCs have five-year termination notices or a shorter period if any act of Congress, court decision, or regulatory change requires or permits that election.

Contract Balances

Contract assets represent an entity’s right to consideration in exchange for goods and services that the entity has transferred to customers. TVA does not have any material contract assets as of December 31, 2018.

Contract liabilities represent an entity’s obligations to transfer goods or services to customers for which the entity has received consideration or the amounts that are due from the customers. These contract liabilities are primarily related to upfront consideration received prior to the satisfaction of the performance obligation.

Energy Prepayment Obligations. In 2004, TVA and its largest customer, Memphis Light, Gas and Water Division ("MLGW"), entered into an energy prepayment agreement under which MLGW prepaid TVA $1.5 billion for the future costs of electricity to be delivered by TVA to MLGW over a period of 15 years. TVA accounted for the prepayment as unearned revenue and reported the obligation to deliver power under this arrangement as Energy prepayment obligations and Current portion of energy prepayment obligations on the September 30, 2018 Consolidated Balance Sheet. TVA recognized approximately $100 million of noncash revenue in each year of the arrangement as electricity was delivered to MLGW based on the ratio of units of kilowatt hours delivered to total units of kilowatt hours under contract. At December 31, 2018, $1.5 billion had been recognized as noncash revenue on a cumulative basis during the life of the agreement, $10 million and $25 million of which was recognized as noncash revenue and a corresponding reduction in the balance of Energy prepayment obligations during the three months ended December 31, 2018 and 2017, respectively. Discounts to account for the time value of money, which were recorded as a reduction to electricity sales, amounted to $4 million and $11 million for the three months ended December 31, 2018 and 2017, respectively.

Economic Development Incentives. Under certain economic development programs, TVA offers incentives to existing and potential power customers in certain business sectors that make multi-year commitments to invest in the Tennessee Valley. TVA records those incentives as reductions of revenue. For the incentives that are approved but are not paid, they are recorded in Accounts payable and accrued liabilities and Other long-term liabilities in the consolidated balance sheets. At December 31, 2018 and 2017, the outstanding unpaid incentives were $141 million and $137 million, respectively. Those incentives may be subject to clawback provisions if the customers fail to meet certain program requirements.