The following are accounting standard updates issued by the Financial Accounting Standards Board ("FASB") that TVA adopted during 2019:



Defined Benefit Costs
Description	This guidance changes how information about defined benefit costs for pension plans and other post-retirement benefit plans is presented in employer financial statements. The guidance requires employers that present a measure of operating income in their statement of income to include only the service cost component of net periodic pension cost and net periodic post-retirement benefit cost in operating expenses (together with other employee compensation costs). The other components of net benefit cost, including amortization of prior service cost/credit and settlement and curtailment effects, are to be included in non-operating expenses. Additionally, the guidance stipulates that only the service cost component of net benefit cost is eligible for capitalization in assets. The guidance requires retrospective presentation of the service and non-service cost components in the Consolidated Statements of Operations.
Effective Date for TVA	October 1, 2018
Effect on the Financial Statements or Other Significant Matters	TVA adopted this standard on a retrospective basis for the prior period presented resulting in lower operating expenses and higher non-operating expenses in the Consolidated Statements of Operations of $129 million and $128 million for the six months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively. There was no impact on the Consolidated Balance Sheets because TVA has historically capitalized only the service cost component, which is consistent with the new guidance.

Financial Instruments
Description	This guidance applies to the recognition and measurement of financial assets and liabilities. The standard requires all equity investments to be measured at fair value with changes in the fair value recognized through net income (other than those accounted for under the equity method of accounting or those that result in consolidation of the investee). The standard also amends presentation requirements related to certain changes in the fair value of a liability and eliminates certain disclosure requirements of significant assumptions for financial instruments measured at amortized cost on the balance sheet. Public entities must apply the amendments by means of a cumulative-effect adjustment to the balance sheet as of the beginning of the fiscal year of adoption.
Effective Date for TVA	October 1, 2018
Effect on the Financial Statements or Other Significant Matters	TVA currently measures all of its equity investments (other than those that result in the consolidation of the investee) at fair value, with changes in the fair value recognized through net income, unless regulatory accounting is applied. The TVA Board has authorized the use of regulatory accounting for changes in fair value of certain equity investments, and as a result, those changes in fair value are deferred as regulatory assets or liabilities. TVA currently discloses significant assumptions around its estimates of fair value for financial instruments carried at amortized cost on its consolidated balance sheet. The adoption of this standard did not have a material impact on TVA's financial condition, results of operations, or cash flows because changes in fair value accounting are recognized through regulatory accounting.



Revenue from Contracts with Customers
Description	This guidance, including subsequent amendments, replaces the existing accounting standard and industry specific guidance for revenue recognition with a five-step model for recognizing and measuring revenue from contracts with customers. The underlying principle of the guidance is to recognize revenue related to the transfer of goods or services to customers at the amount expected to be collected. The objective of the new standard is to provide a single, comprehensive revenue recognition model for all contracts with customers to improve comparability within and across industries. The new standard also requires enhanced disclosures regarding the nature, amount, timing, and uncertainty of revenue and the related cash flows arising from contracts with customers.
Effective Date for TVA	October 1, 2018
Effect on the Financial Statements or Other Significant Matters	TVA adopted this standard using the modified retrospective method with no material changes to the amount or timing of revenue recognition. In accordance with the modified retrospective method, TVA’s previously issued financial statements have not been restated to comply the new accounting standard. TVA recognizes revenue when it satisfies a performance obligation by transferring control to the customer. For the generation and transmission of electricity, this is generally at the time the power is delivered to a metered customer delivery point for a customer's consumption or distribution. As a result, revenues from power sales are recorded as electricity is delivered to customers. TVA utilized certain practical expedients including applying the guidance to open contracts at the date of adoption, applying the guidance to a portfolio of contracts with similar characteristics, and recognizing revenue in the amount for which it has the right to invoice. As a result of adoption of the standard, TVA did not have a cumulative-effect adjustment to proprietary capital.

Statement of Cash Flows - Classification of Certain Cash Receipts and Cash Payments
Description	This standard adds or clarifies guidance on the classification of certain cash receipts and payments on the statement of cash flows as follows: debt prepayment or extinguishment costs, settlement of zero-coupon bonds, contingent consideration payments made after a business combination, proceeds from the settlement of insurance claims, proceeds from the settlement of corporate-owned life insurance policies and bank-owned life insurance policies, distributions received from equity method investees, beneficial interest in securitization transactions, and the application of the predominance principle to separately identifiable cash flows.
Effective Date for TVA	October 1, 2018
Effect on the Financial Statements or Other Significant Matters	TVA's previous treatment of the classification of certain cash receipts and cash payments is consistent with the new standard, and adoption of the standard had no impact on TVA's financial condition, results of operations, or presentation or disclosure of cash flows.

Statement of Cash Flows - Restricted Cash
Description	This guidance requires that a statement of cash flows explain the change during the period in the total of cash, cash equivalents, and amounts generally described as restricted cash or restricted cash equivalents. Therefore, amounts generally described as restricted cash and restricted cash equivalents should be included with cash and cash equivalents when reconciling the beginning-of-period and end-of-period total amounts shown on the statement of cash flows. This guidance does not provide a definition of restricted cash or restricted cash equivalents.
Effective Date for TVA	October 1, 2018
Effect on the Financial Statements or Other Significant Matters	Adoption of this standard resulted in a change to the beginning-of-period and end-of-period cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash amounts shown on the Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows. TVA applied this standard on a retrospective basis for the prior periods presented.

The following accounting standards have been issued but as of March 31, 2019, were not effective and had not been adopted by TVA:



Derivatives and Hedging - Improvements to Accounting for Hedging Activities
Description	This guidance better aligns an entity's risk management activities and financial reporting for hedging relationships through changes to both the designation and measurement guidance for qualifying hedging relationships and the presentation of hedge results. To meet that objective, the amendments expand and refine hedge accounting for both nonfinancial and financial risk components and align the recognition and presentation of the effects of the hedging instrument and the hedged item in the financial statements.
Effective Date for TVA	The new standard is effective for TVA's interim and annual reporting periods beginning October 1, 2019. While early adoption is permitted, TVA does not currently plan to adopt the standard early.
Effect on the Financial Statements or Other Significant Matters	TVA does not expect the adoption of this standard to have a material impact on TVA's financial condition, results of operations, or cash flows.



Lease Accounting
Description	This guidance changes the provisions of recognition in both the lessee and lessor accounting models. The standard requires entities that lease assets ("lessees") to recognize on the balance sheet the assets and liabilities for the rights and obligations created by leases with terms of more than 12 months. The recognition, measurement, and presentation of expenses and cash flows arising from a lease by a lessee primarily will depend on its classification as a finance (similar to current capital leases) or operating lease. However, unlike current lease accounting rules, which require only capital leases to be recognized on the balance sheet, the new standard will require both types of leases to be recognized on the balance sheet. Operating leases will result in straight-line expense, while financing leases will result in recognition of interest on the lease liability separate from amortization expense. The accounting for the owner of the assets leased by the lessee ("lessor accounting") will remain largely unchanged from current lease accounting rules. The standard allows for certain practical expedients to be elected related to lease term determination, separation of lease and non-lease elements, reassessment of existing leases, and short-term leases. When the standard becomes effective, it will include interim periods within the fiscal year of adoption and will be required to be applied using a modified retrospective transition.
Effective Date for TVA	The new standard is effective for TVA's interim and annual reporting periods beginning October 1, 2019. While early adoption is permitted, TVA does not currently plan to adopt the standard early.
Effect on the Financial Statements or Other Significant Matters	TVA is currently evaluating the potential impact of these changes on its consolidated financial statements and related disclosures. The standard is expected to impact financial position as adoption will increase the amount of assets and liabilities recognized on TVA’s Consolidated Balance Sheets. The standard is not expected to have a material impact on results of operations or cash flows as expense recognition is intended to be substantially the same as the existing standard. TVA plans to elect certain of the practical expedients included in the new standard. TVA has selected a lease system solution and continues to evaluate the completeness of the lease population, the effectiveness of internal control related to leases, and appropriate financial statement disclosure. TVA is also continuing to monitor unresolved industry implementation issues and will analyze the related impacts to lease accounting.

Defined Benefit Plans - Disclosure Requirements
Description	This guidance applies to all employers that sponsor defined benefit pension or other post-retirement plans and modifies or clarifies the disclosure requirements for those plans. The amendments in this update remove disclosures that no longer are considered cost-beneficial, clarify the specific requirements of disclosures, and add disclosure requirements identified as relevant. Entities are required to apply the amendments retrospectively.
Effective Date for TVA	The new standard is effective for TVA's annual reporting periods beginning October 1, 2021. While early adoption is permitted, TVA does not currently plan to adopt the standard early.
Effect on the Financial Statements or Other Significant Matters	TVA is currently evaluating the potential impact of these changes on its consolidated financial statements and related disclosures.

Customer's Accounting for Implementation Costs in a Cloud Arrangement That Is a Service Contract
Description	This guidance relates to the accounting for a customer’s implementation costs in a hosting arrangement that is a service contract. The amendments align the requirements for capitalizing those implementation costs with the requirements for capitalizing implementation costs incurred to develop or obtain internal-use software and hosting arrangements that include an internal-use software license. The amendments also provide requirements for the classification of the capitalized costs and related expense and cash flows in the financial statements, the application of impairment guidance to the capitalized costs, and the application of abandonment guidance to the capitalized costs. Entities are required to apply the amendments either retrospectively or prospectively to all implementation costs incurred after the adoption date.
Effective Date for TVA	The new standard is effective for TVA's interim and annual reporting periods beginning October 1, 2020. Early adoption is permitted, and TVA is currently evaluating its adoption options.
Effect on the Financial Statements or Other Significant Matters	TVA is currently evaluating the potential impact of these changes on its consolidated financial statements and related disclosures.

Financial Instruments - Credit Losses
Description	This guidance eliminates the probable initial recognition threshold in current GAAP and, instead, requires an allowance to be recorded for all expected credit losses for certain financial assets that are not measured at fair value. The allowance for credit losses is based on historical information, current conditions, and reasonable and supportable forecasts. The new standard also makes revisions to the other than temporary impairment model for available-for-sale debt securities. Disclosures of credit quality indicators in relation to the amortized cost of financing receivables are further disaggregated by year of origination.
Effective Date for TVA	The new standard is effective for TVA’s interim and annual reporting periods beginning October 1, 2020. While early adoption is permitted, TVA does not currently plan to adopt the standard early.
Effect on the Financial Statements or Other Significant Matters	TVA is currently evaluating the potential impact of these changes on its consolidated financial statements and related disclosures.



Fair Value Measurement Disclosure
Description	The guidance changes certain disclosure requirements for fair value measurements. It removes certain disclosure requirements, such as the amount of and reasons for transfers between Level 1 and Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy; the policy for timing of the transfers between levels; and the valuation processes for Level 3 fair value measurements. Some disclosure requirements are added, such as the change in unrealized gains and losses included in other comprehensive income for recurring Level 3 fair value measurements and the range and weighted average of significant unobservable inputs used to develop Level 3 fair value measurements.
Effective Date for TVA	The new standard is effective for TVA’s interim and annual reporting periods beginning October 1, 2020. While early adoption is permitted, TVA does not currently plan to adopt the standard early.
Effect on the Financial Statements or Other Significant Matters	TVA does not expect the adoption of this standard to have a material impact on TVA’s financial condition, results of operations or cash flows. TVA is currently evaluating the potential impact on related disclosures.