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Fair Value Measurements (Tables) - USD ($)
$ in Millions
12 Months Ended
Sep. 30, 2024
Sep. 30, 2023
Fair Value Disclosures [Abstract]    
Transfers Accounted for as Secured Borrowings, Assets, Carrying Amount $ 56 $ 55
Valuation Techniques
The measurement of fair value results in classification into a hierarchy by the inputs used to determine the fair value as follows:
Level 1
 
Unadjusted quoted prices in active markets accessible by the reporting entity for identical assets or liabilities.  Active markets are those in which transactions for the asset or liability occur with sufficient frequency and volume to provide pricing.
Level 2
 

 
Pricing inputs other than quoted market prices included in Level 1 that are based on observable market data and that are directly or indirectly observable for substantially the full term of the asset or liability.  These include quoted market prices for similar assets or liabilities, quoted market prices for identical or similar assets in markets that are not active, adjusted quoted market prices, inputs from observable data such as interest rate and yield curves, volatilities and default rates observable at commonly quoted intervals, and inputs derived from observable market data by correlation or other means.
Level 3
 
Pricing inputs that are unobservable, or less observable, from objective sources.  Unobservable inputs are only to be used to the extent observable inputs are not available.  These inputs maintain the concept of an exit price from the perspective of a market participant and should reflect assumptions of other market participants.  An entity should consider all market participant assumptions that are available without unreasonable cost and effort.  These are given the lowest priority and are generally used in internally developed methodologies to generate management's best estimate of the fair value when no observable market data is available.
 
Unrealized Investment Gains (Losses) TVA recorded unrealized gains and losses related to its equity and trading debt securities held during each period as follows:
Unrealized Investment Gains (Losses)(1)
For the years ended September 30
(in millions)
FundFinancial Statement Presentation20242023
NDT
Regulatory assets(2)
$324 $162 
ART
Regulatory assets(3)
171 96 
SERPOther income (expense)14 
DCPOther income (expense)
Notes
(1) The unrealized losses for the RP were less than $1 million for both the years ended September 30, 2024 and 2023 and therefore were not represented in the table above.
(2) Includes $93 million of unrealized gains and $27 million of unrealized gains related to NDT equity securities (excluding commingled funds) for the years ended September 30, 2024 and 2023, respectively.
(3) Includes $36 million of unrealized gains and $13 million of unrealized gains related to ART equity securities (excluding commingled funds) for the years ended September 30, 2024 and 2023, respectively.
 
Fair Value Measurements  
Fair Value Measurements
At September 30, 2024
(in millions)
Quoted Prices in Active
 Markets for
Identical Assets
(Level 1)
Significant Other
Observable Inputs
(Level 2)
Significant
Unobservable
Inputs
(Level 3)
Total
Assets
Investments    
Equity securities$770 $— $— $770 
Government debt securities(1)(2)
400 57 — 457 
Corporate debt securities(4)
— 378 — 378 
Mortgage and asset-backed securities— 43 — 43 
Institutional mutual funds342 — — 342 
Forward debt securities contracts— 11 — 11 
Cash equivalents and other short-term investments(2)(3)
95 183 — 278 
Private equity funds measured at net asset value(5)
— — — 738 
Private real asset funds measured at net asset value(5)
— — — 432 
Private credit funds measured at net asset value(5)
— — — 219 
Commingled funds measured at net asset value(5)
— — — 1,300 
Total investments1,607 672 — 4,968 
Interest rate swaps— — — — 
Commodity contract derivatives— — 
Total$1,607 $679 $— $4,975 
Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Liabilities
(Level 1)
Significant Other
Observable Inputs
(Level 2)
Significant
Unobservable
Inputs
(Level 3)
Total
Liabilities
Currency swaps(6)
$— $116 $— $116 
Interest rate swaps— 840 — 840 
Commodity contract derivatives— — 
Commodity derivatives under the FHP— 161 — 161 
Total$— $1,122 $— $1,122 
Notes
(1) Includes obligations of government-sponsored entities.
(2) There are $400 million of U.S. Treasury securities in Level 1 Government debt securities and $95 million of U.S. Treasury securities in Level 1 Cash equivalents and other short-term investments for a total of $495 million of U.S. Treasury securities within Level 1 of the fair value hierarchy.
(3) Includes $78 million net payables (interest receivable, dividends receivable, receivables for investments sold, and payables for investments purchased), and $174 million of repurchase agreements in Level 2 Cash equivalents and other short-term investments.
(4) Includes both U.S. and foreign debt.
(5) Certain investments that are measured at fair value using the NAV or its equivalent (alternative investments) have not been categorized in the fair value hierarchy. The inputs to these fair value measurements include underlying NAVs, discounted cash flow valuations, comparable market valuations, estimated benchmark yields, and adjustments for currency, credit, liquidity, and other risks. The fair value amounts presented in this table are intended to permit reconciliation of the fair value hierarchy to the amounts presented on the Consolidated Balance Sheets.
(6) TVA records currency swaps net of cash collateral received from or paid to the counterparty, to the extent such amount is not recorded in Accounts payable and accrued liabilities. See Note 15 — Risk Management Activities and Derivative Transactions — Offsetting of Derivative Assets and Liabilities.
Fair Value Measurements
At September 30, 2023
(in millions)
Quoted Prices in Active
 Markets for
Identical Assets
(Level 1)
Significant Other
Observable Inputs
(Level 2)
Significant
Unobservable
Inputs
(Level 3)
Total
Assets
Investments    
Equity securities$608 $— $— $608 
Government debt securities(1)(2)
287 60 — 347 
Corporate debt securities(4)
— 300 — 300 
Mortgage and asset-backed securities— 36 — 36 
Institutional mutual funds288 — — 288 
Forward debt securities contracts— 11 — 11 
Cash equivalents and other short-term investments(2)(3)
104 166 — 270 
Private equity funds measured at net asset value(5)
— — — 583 
Private real asset funds measured at net asset value(5)
— — — 387 
    Private credit funds measured at net asset value(5)
— — — 158 
Commingled funds measured at net asset value(5)
— — — 1,135 
Total investments1,287 573 — 4,123 
Interest rate swaps— — 
Commodity contract derivatives— 33 — 33 
Total$1,287 $610 $— $4,160 
Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Liabilities
(Level 1)
Significant Other
Observable Inputs
(Level 2)
Significant
Unobservable
Inputs
(Level 3)
Total
Liabilities
Currency swaps(6)
$— $141 $— $141 
Interest rate swaps— 662 — 662 
Commodity contract derivatives— — 
Commodity derivatives under the FHP— 186 — 186 
Total$— $991 $— $991 
Notes
(1) Includes obligations of government-sponsored entities.
(2) There are $287 million of U.S. Treasury securities in Level 1 Government debt securities and $104 million of U.S. Treasury securities in Level 1 Cash equivalents and other short-term investments for a total of $391 million of U.S. Treasury securities within Level 1 of the fair value hierarchy.
(3) Includes $73 million net payables (interest receivable, dividends receivable, receivables for investments sold, and payables for investments purchased).
(4) Includes both U.S. and foreign debt.
(5) Certain investments that are measured at fair value using the NAV or its equivalent (alternative investments) have not been categorized in the fair value hierarchy. The inputs to these fair value measurements include underlying NAVs, discounted cash flow valuations, comparable market valuations, estimated benchmark yields, and adjustments for currency, credit, liquidity, and other risks. The fair value amounts presented in this table are intended to permit reconciliation of the fair value hierarchy to the amounts presented on the Consolidated Balance Sheets.
(6) TVA records currency swaps net of cash collateral received from or paid to the counterparty, to the extent such amount is not recorded in Accounts payable and accrued liabilities. See Note 15 — Risk Management Activities and Derivative Transactions — Offsetting of Derivative Assets and Liabilities.
Estimated Values of Financial Instruments Not Recorded at Fair Value The estimated values of TVA's financial instruments not recorded at fair value at September 30, 2024 and 2023, were as follows:
Estimated Values of Financial Instruments Not Recorded at Fair Value
(in millions)
 At September 30, 2024At September 30, 2023
 Valuation ClassificationCarrying
Amount
Fair
Value
Carrying
Amount
Fair
Value
EnergyRight® receivables, net (including current portion)
Level 2$56 $56 $59 $55 
Loans and other long-term receivables, net (including current portion)Level 2105 99 104 96 
EnergyRight® financing obligations (including current portion)
Level 266 74 69 81 
Unfunded loan commitmentsLevel 2— — — 
Membership interests of VIEs subject to mandatory redemption (including current portion)Level 217 19 18 19 
Long-term outstanding power bonds, net (including current maturities)Level 218,889 19,416 18,866 17,963 
Long-term debt of VIEs, net (including current maturities)Level 2934 966 968 927