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Fair Value Measurements | 6 Months Ended
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Jun. 30, 2017
Fair Value Disclosures [Abstract] |
Fair Value Measurements | Fair Value Measurements Recurring Fair Value Measurements Fair value is defined as the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date (referred to as an "exit price"). Fair value of an asset or liability considers assumptions that market participants would use in pricing the asset or liability, including assumptions about nonperformance risk. As of June 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016, nonperformance risk was not material for Edison International and SCE. Assets and liabilities are categorized into a three-level fair value hierarchy based on valuation inputs used to determine fair value. Level 1 – The fair value of Edison International's and SCE's Level 1 assets and liabilities is determined using unadjusted quoted prices in active markets that are available at the measurement date for identical assets and liabilities. This level includes exchange-traded equity securities, U.S. treasury securities, mutual funds, and money market funds. Level 2 – Edison International's and SCE's Level 2 assets and liabilities include fixed income securities, primarily consisting of U.S. government and agency bonds, municipal bonds and corporate bonds, and over-the-counter derivatives. The fair value of fixed income securities is determined using a market approach by obtaining quoted prices for similar assets and liabilities in active markets and inputs that are observable, either directly or indirectly, for substantially the full term of the instrument. The fair value of SCE's over-the-counter derivative contracts is determined using an income approach. SCE uses standard pricing models to determine the net present value of estimated future cash flows. Inputs to the pricing models include forward published or posted clearing prices from exchanges (New York Mercantile Exchange and Intercontinental Exchange) for similar instruments and discount rates. A primary price source that best represents trade activity for each market is used to develop observable forward market prices in determining the fair value of these positions. Broker quotes, prices from exchanges, or comparison to executed trades are used to validate and corroborate the primary price source. These price quotations reflect mid-market prices (average of bid and ask) and are obtained from sources believed to provide the most liquid market for the commodity. Level 3 – The fair value of SCE's Level 3 assets and liabilities is determined using the income approach through various models and techniques that require significant unobservable inputs. This level includes tolling arrangements and derivative contracts that trade infrequently such as congestion revenue rights ("CRRs"). Edison International Parent and Other does not have any Level 3 assets and liabilities. Assumptions are made in order to value derivative contracts in which observable inputs are not available. Changes in fair value are based on changes to forward market prices, including extrapolation of short-term observable inputs into forecasted prices for illiquid forward periods. In circumstances where fair value cannot be verified with observable market transactions, it is possible that a different valuation model could produce a materially different estimate of fair value. Modeling methodologies, inputs, and techniques are reviewed and assessed as markets continue to develop and more pricing information becomes available and the fair value is adjusted when it is concluded that a change in inputs or techniques would result in a new valuation that better reflects the fair value of those derivative contracts. See Note 6 for a discussion of derivative instruments. SCE The following table sets forth assets and liabilities of SCE that were accounted for at fair value by level within the fair value hierarchy:
| June 30, 2017
(in millions) | Level 1 |  | Level 2 |  | Level 3 |  | Netting and Collateral 1 |  | Total
Assets at fair value |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Derivative contracts | $ | — |  |  | $ | 23 |  |  | $ | 36 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 59 |
Other | 29 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 29 |
Nuclear decommissioning trusts: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Stocks 2 | 1,611 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 1,611 |
Fixed Income 3 | 1,049 |  |  | 1,559 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 2,608 |
Short-term investments, primarily cash equivalents | 111 |  |  | 119 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 230 |
Subtotal of nuclear decommissioning trusts 4 | 2,771 |  |  | 1,678 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 4,449 |
Total assets | 2,800 |  |  | 1,701 |  |  | 36 |  |  | — |  |  | 4,537 |
Liabilities at fair value |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Derivative contracts | — |  |  | 10 |  |  | 1,048 |  |  | — |  |  | 1,058 |
Total liabilities | — |  |  | 10 |  |  | 1,048 |  |  | — |  |  | 1,058 |
Net assets (liabilities) | $ | 2,800 |  |  | $ | 1,691 |  |  | $ | (1,012 | ) |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 3,479 |
| December 31, 2016
(in millions) | Level 1 |  | Level 2 |  | Level 3 |  | Netting and Collateral 1 |  | Total
Assets at fair value |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Derivative contracts | $ | — |  |  | $ | 6 |  |  | $ | 68 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 74 |
Other | 33 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 33 |
Nuclear decommissioning trusts: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Stocks 2 | 1,547 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 1,547 |
Fixed Income 3 | 865 |  |  | 1,751 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 2,616 |
Short-term investments, primarily cash equivalents | 36 |  |  | 170 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 206 |
Subtotal of nuclear decommissioning trusts 4 | 2,448 |  |  | 1,921 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 4,369 |
Total assets | 2,481 |  |  | 1,927 |  |  | 68 |  |  | — |  |  | 4,476 |
Liabilities at fair value |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Derivative contracts | — |  |  | — |  |  | 1,157 |  |  | — |  |  | 1,157 |
Total liabilities | — |  |  | — |  |  | 1,157 |  |  | — |  |  | 1,157 |
Net assets (liabilities) | $ | 2,481 |  |  | $ | 1,927 |  |  | $ | (1,089 | ) |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 3,319 |
1 | Represents the netting of assets and liabilities under master netting agreements and cash collateral across the levels of the fair value hierarchy. Netting among positions classified within the same level is included in that level.
2 | Approximately 68% and 70% of SCE's equity investments were located in the United States at June 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016, respectively.
3 | Includes corporate bonds, which were diversified and included collateralized mortgage obligations and other asset backed securities of $74 million and $79 million at June 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016, respectively.
4 | Excludes net payables of $68 million and $127 million at June 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016, respectively, which consist of interest and dividend receivables as well as receivables and payables related to SCE's pending securities sales and purchases.
Edison International Parent and Other Edison International Parent and Other assets measured at fair value consisted of money market funds of $23 million at both June 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016, classified as Level 1. SCE Fair Value of Level 3 The following table sets forth a summary of changes in SCE's fair value of Level 3 net derivative assets and liabilities:
|  | Three months ended June 30, |  | Six months ended June 30,
(in millions) |  | 2017 |  | 2016 |  | 2017 |  | 2016
Fair value of net liabilities at beginning of period |  | $ | (1,166 | ) |  | $ | (1,213 | ) |  | $ | (1,089 | ) |  | $ | (1,148 | )
Total realized/unrealized losses: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Included in regulatory assets and liabilities 1 |  | 11 |  |  | 43 |  |  | (66 | ) |  | (22 | )
Contract amendment 2 |  | 143 |  |  | — |  |  | 143 |  |  | — |
Fair value of net liabilities at end of period |  | $ | (1,012 | ) |  | $ | (1,170 | ) |  | $ | (1,012 | ) |  | $ | (1,170 | )
Change during the period in unrealized gains and losses related to assets and liabilities held at the end of the period |  | $ | (12 | ) |  | $ | 19 |  |  | $ | (97 | ) |  | $ | (54 | )
1 | Due to regulatory mechanisms, SCE's realized and unrealized gains and losses are recorded as regulatory assets and liabilities.
2 Represents a tolling contract that was amended during the second quarter of 2017, which is no longer accounted for as a derivative as of June 30, 2017. Edison International and SCE recognize the fair value for transfers in and transfers out of each level at the end of each reporting period. There were no material transfers between any levels during 2017 and 2016. Valuation Techniques Used to Determine Fair Value The process of determining fair value is the responsibility of SCE's risk management department, which reports to SCE's chief financial officer. This department obtains observable and unobservable inputs through broker quotes, exchanges, and internal valuation techniques that use both standard and proprietary models to determine fair value. Each reporting period, the risk and finance departments collaborate to determine the appropriate fair value methodologies and classifications for each derivative. Inputs are validated for reasonableness by comparison against prior prices, other broker quotes, and volatility fluctuation thresholds. Inputs used and valuations are reviewed period-over-period and compared with market conditions to determine reasonableness. The following table sets forth SCE's valuation techniques and significant unobservable inputs used to determine fair value for significant Level 3 assets and liabilities:
| Fair Value (in millions) |  | Significant | Range
| Assets |  | Liabilities | Valuation Technique(s) | Unobservable Input | (Weighted Average)
Congestion revenue rights |  |  |  |  |
June 30, 2017 | $ | 36 |  |  | $ | — |  | Market simulation model and auction prices | Load forecast | 3,708 MW - 22,840 MW
|  |  |  |  | Power prices 1 | $3.65 - $99.58
|  |  |  |  | Gas prices 2 | $2.51 - $4.87
December 31, 2016 | 67 |  |  | — |  | Market simulation model and auction prices | Load forecast | 3,708 MW - 22,840 MW
|  |  |  |  | Power prices 1 | $3.65 - $99.58
|  |  |  |  | Gas prices 2 | $2.51 - $4.87
Tolling |  |  |  |  |  |
June 30, 2017 | — |  |  | 1,043 |  | Option model | Volatility of gas prices | 13% - 43% (21%)
|  |  |  |  | Volatility of power prices | 27% - 67% (34%)
|  |  |  |  | Power prices | $23.41 - $47.10 ($33.16)
December 31, 2016 | — |  |  | 1,154 |  | Option model | Volatility of gas prices | 15% - 48% (20%)
|  |  |  |  | Volatility of power prices | 29% - 71% (40%)
|  |  |  |  | Power prices | $23.40 - $51.24 ($34.70)
1 | Prices are in dollars per megawatt-hour.
2 | Prices are in dollars per million British thermal units.
Level 3 Fair Value Sensitivity Congestion Revenue Rights For CRRs, where SCE is the buyer, generally increases (decreases) in forecasted load in isolation would result in increases (decreases) to the fair value. In general, an increase (decrease) in electricity and gas prices at illiquid locations tends to result in increases (decreases) to fair value; however, changes in electricity and gas prices in opposite directions may have varying results on fair value. Tolling Arrangements The fair values of SCE's tolling arrangements contain intrinsic value and time value. Intrinsic value is the difference between the market price and strike price of the underlying commodity. Time value is made up of several components, including volatility, time to expiration, and interest rates. The option model for tolling arrangements reflects plant specific information such as operating and start-up costs. For tolling arrangements where SCE is the buyer, increases in volatility of the underlying commodity prices would result in increases to fair value as it represents greater price movement risk. As power and gas prices increase, the fair value of tolling arrangements tends to increase. The valuation of tolling arrangements is also impacted by the correlation between gas and power prices. As the correlation increases, the fair value of tolling arrangements tends to decline. Nuclear Decommissioning Trusts SCE's nuclear decommissioning trust investments include equity securities, U.S. treasury securities, and other fixed income securities. Equity and treasury securities are classified as Level 1 as fair value is determined by observable market prices in active or highly liquid and transparent markets. The remaining fixed income securities are classified as Level 2. The fair value of these financial instruments is based on evaluated prices that reflect significant observable market information such as reported trades, actual trade information of similar securities, benchmark yields, broker/dealer quotes, issuer spreads, bids, offers, and relevant credit information. There are no securities classified as Level 3 in the nuclear decommissioning trusts. Fair Value of Debt Recorded at Carrying Value The carrying value and fair value of Edison International's and SCE's long-term debt (including current portion of long-term debt) are as follows:
|  | June 30, 2017 |  | December 31, 2016
(in millions) |  | Carrying Value 1 |  | Fair Value |  | Carrying Value 1 |  | Fair Value
SCE |  | $ | 11,024 |  |  | $ | 12,507 |  |  | $ | 10,333 |  |  | $ | 11,539 |
Edison International |  | 12,243 |  |  | 13,742 |  |  | 11,156 |  |  | 12,368 |
1 | Carrying value is net of debt issuance costs.
The fair value of Edison International's and SCE's short-term and long-term debt is classified as Level 2 and is based on evaluated prices that reflect significant observable market information such as reported trades, actual trade information of similar securities, benchmark yields, broker/dealer quotes of new issue prices, and relevant credit information. The carrying value of Edison International's and SCE's trade receivables and payables, other investments, and short-term debt approximates fair value.

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- Definition The entire disclosure for the fair value of financial instruments (as defined), including financial assets and financial liabilities (collectively, as defined), and the measurements of those instruments as well as disclosures related to the fair value of non-financial assets and liabilities. Such disclosures about the financial instruments, assets, and liabilities would include: (1) the fair value of the required items together with their carrying amounts (as appropriate); (2) for items for which it is not practicable to estimate fair value, disclosure would include: (a) information pertinent to estimating fair value (including, carrying amount, effective interest rate, and maturity, and (b) the reasons why it is not practicable to estimate fair value; (3) significant concentrations of credit risk including: (a) information about the activity, region, or economic characteristics identifying a concentration, (b) the maximum amount of loss the entity is exposed to based on the gross fair value of the related item, (c) policy for requiring collateral or other security and information as to accessing such collateral or security, and (d) the nature and brief description of such collateral or security; (4) quantitative information about market risks and how such risks are managed; (5) for items measured on both a recurring and nonrecurring basis information regarding the inputs used to develop the fair value measurement; and (6) for items presented in the financial statement for which fair value measurement is elected: (a) information necessary to understand the reasons for the election, (b) discussion of the effect of fair value changes on earnings, (c) a description of [similar groups] items for which the election is made and the relation thereof to the balance sheet, the aggregate carrying value of items included in the balance sheet that are not eligible for the election; (7) all other required (as defined) and desired information. + References Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 820 -URI http://asc.fasb.org/topic&trid=2155941 + Details
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