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Derivative Instruments | 9 Months Ended
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Sep. 30, 2023
Derivative Instruments |
Derivative Instruments | I e Note 6.Derivative Instruments Derivative financial instruments are used to manage exposure to commodity price risk. These risks are managed in part by entering into forward commodity transactions, including options, swaps and futures. To mitigate credit risk from counterparties in the event of nonperformance, master netting agreements are used whenever possible, and counterparties may be required to pledge collateral depending on the creditworthiness of each counterparty and the risk associated with the transaction. Commodity Price Risk Commodity price risk represents the potential impact that can be caused by a change in the market value of a particular commodity. SCE's electricity price exposure arises from energy purchased from and sold to wholesale markets as a result of differences between SCE's load requirements and the amount of energy delivered from its generating facilities and PPAs. SCE's natural gas price exposure arises from natural gas purchased for the Mountainview power plants, Peaker plants and Qualifying Facilities contracts where pricing is based on a monthly natural gas index and PPAs in which SCE has agreed to provide the natural gas needed for generation, referred to as tolling arrangements. Credit and Default Risk Credit and default risk represent the potential impact that can be caused if a counterparty were to default on its contractual obligations and SCE would be exposed to spot markets for buying replacement power and natural gas or selling excess power and natural gas. In addition, SCE would be exposed to the risk of non-payment of accounts receivable, primarily related to the sales of excess power and natural gas and realized gains on derivative instruments. Certain power and gas contracts contain master netting agreements or similar agreements, which generally allow counterparties subject to the agreement to offset amounts when certain criteria are met, such as in the event of default. The objective of netting is to reduce credit exposure. Additionally, to reduce SCE's risk exposures, counterparties may be required to pledge collateral depending on the creditworthiness of each counterparty and the risk associated with the transaction. Certain power and gas contracts contain a provision that requires SCE to maintain an investment grade rating from the major credit rating agencies that have credit ratings for SCE, referred to as a credit-risk-related contingent feature. If SCE's credit rating were to fall below investment grade, SCE may be required to post additional collateral to cover derivative liabilities and the related outstanding payables. The net fair value of all derivative liabilities with these credit-risk-related contingent features was less than $1 million as of September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, for which SCE posted no collateral and collateral of $24 million for its outstanding payables as of September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively. If the credit-risk-related contingent features underlying these agreements were triggered on September 30, 2023, SCE would be required to post collateral of $1 million, most of which is related to outstanding payables. Fair Value of Derivative Instruments SCE presents its derivative assets and liabilities, recorded at fair value, on a net basis on its consolidated balance sheets when subject to master netting agreements or similar agreements. Derivative positions are also offset against margin and cash collateral deposits. In addition, SCE has provided collateral in the form of letters of credit. Collateral requirements can vary depending upon the level of unsecured credit extended by counterparties, changes in market prices relative to contractual commitments and other factors. See Note 4 for a discussion of fair value of derivative instruments. The following table summarizes the gross and net fair values of SCE's commodity derivative instruments: ​
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | September 30, 2023
​ | ​ | Derivative Assets | ​ | Derivative Liabilities
(in millions) |  | Short-Term1 |  | Long-Term2 |  | Short-Term
Commodity derivative contracts |  | ​ |  |  | ​ |  |  | ​ |
Gross amounts recognized | ​ | $ | 33 | ​ | $ | 6 | ​ | $ | 45
Gross amounts offset in the consolidated balance sheets | ​ |  | (5) | ​ |  | — | ​ | ​ | (5)
Cash collateral received | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | (40)
Net amounts presented in the consolidated balance sheets | ​ | $ | 28 | ​ | $ | 6 | ​ | $ | —
​
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | December 31, 2022
​ | ​ | Derivative Assets | ​ | Derivative Liabilities
(in millions) |  | Short-Term1 |  | Short-Term3
Commodity derivative contracts |  | ​ |  |  | ​ |
Gross amounts recognized | ​ | $ | 459 | ​ | $ | 120
Gross amounts offset in the consolidated balance sheets | ​ |  | (119) | ​ |  | (119)
Cash collateral received | ​ |  | (99) | ​ |  | —
Net amounts presented in the consolidated balance sheets | ​ | $ | 241 | ​ | $ | 1
1 | Included in "Other current assets" on SCE's consolidated balance sheets.
2 | Included in "Other long-term assets" on SCE's consolidated balance sheets.
3 | Included in "Other current liabilities" on SCE's consolidated balance sheets.
At September 30, 2023, SCE posted and accrued $110 million of cash collateral, of which $40 million was offset against derivative liabilities and $70 million was reflected in "Other current assets" on SCE's consolidated balance sheets. Financial Statement Impact of Derivative Instruments SCE recognizes realized gains and losses on derivative instruments as purchased power expense and expects that such gains or losses will be part of the purchased power costs recovered from customers. As a result, realized gains and losses do not affect earnings, but may temporarily affect cash flows. Due to the expected future recovery from customers, unrealized gains and losses are recorded as regulatory assets and liabilities and therefore, also do not affect earnings. The remaining effects of derivative activities and related regulatory offsets are reported in cash flows from operating activities in SCE’s consolidated statements of cash flows. The following table summarizes the gains/(losses) of SCE's economic hedging activity: ​
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | Three months ended | ​ | Nine months ended
​ | ​ | September 30, | ​ | September 30,
(in millions) |  | ​ | 2023 | ​ | ​ | 2022 |  | ​ | 2023 | ​ | ​ | 2022
Realized | ​ | $ | (57) | ​ | $ | 69 | ​ | $ | 52 | ​ | $ | 179
Unrealized | ​ |  | 34 | ​ |  | 36 | ​ |  | (344) | ​ |  | 1
​ Notional Volumes of Derivative Instruments The following table summarizes the notional volumes of derivatives used for SCE's economic hedging activities: ​
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | Unit of | ​ | Economic Hedges
Commodity |  | Measure |  | September 30, 2023 |  | December 31, 2022
Electricity options, swaps and forwards |  | Gigawatt hours |  | 2,299 |  | 1,022
Natural gas options, swaps and forwards |  | Billion cubic feet |  | 34 |  | 42
Congestion revenue rights |  | Gigawatt hours |  | 30,770 |  | 44,028
​

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