<SEC-DOCUMENT>0000932471-17-004752.txt : 20170810
<SEC-HEADER>0000932471-17-004752.hdr.sgml : 20170810
<ACCEPTANCE-DATETIME>20170810090334
ACCESSION NUMBER:		0000932471-17-004752
CONFORMED SUBMISSION TYPE:	SC 13G/A
PUBLIC DOCUMENT COUNT:		1
FILED AS OF DATE:		20170810
DATE AS OF CHANGE:		20170810

SUBJECT COMPANY:	

	COMPANY DATA:	
		COMPANY CONFORMED NAME:			AMERICAN EQUITY INVESTMENT LIFE HOLDING CO
		CENTRAL INDEX KEY:			0001039828
		STANDARD INDUSTRIAL CLASSIFICATION:	LIFE INSURANCE [6311]
		IRS NUMBER:				421447959
		STATE OF INCORPORATION:			IA
		FISCAL YEAR END:			1231

	FILING VALUES:
		FORM TYPE:		SC 13G/A
		SEC ACT:		1934 Act
		SEC FILE NUMBER:	005-79404
		FILM NUMBER:		171019866

	BUSINESS ADDRESS:	
		STREET 1:		6000 WESTOWN PARKWAY
		CITY:			WEST DEMOINES
		STATE:			IA
		ZIP:			50266
		BUSINESS PHONE:		5152210002

	MAIL ADDRESS:	
		STREET 1:		6000 WESTOWN PARKWAY
		CITY:			WEST DES MOINES
		STATE:			IA
		ZIP:			50266

FILED BY:		

	COMPANY DATA:	
		COMPANY CONFORMED NAME:			VANGUARD GROUP INC
		CENTRAL INDEX KEY:			0000102909
		IRS NUMBER:				231945930
		STATE OF INCORPORATION:			PA
		FISCAL YEAR END:			1231

	FILING VALUES:
		FORM TYPE:		SC 13G/A

	BUSINESS ADDRESS:	
		STREET 1:		PO BOX 2600
		STREET 2:		V26
		CITY:			VALLEY FORGE
		STATE:			PA
		ZIP:			19482-2600
		BUSINESS PHONE:		6106691000

	MAIL ADDRESS:	
		STREET 1:		PO BOX 2600
		STREET 2:		V26
		CITY:			VALLEY FORGE
		STATE:			PA
		ZIP:			19482-2600
</SEC-HEADER>
<DOCUMENT>
<TYPE>SC 13G/A
<SEQUENCE>1
<FILENAME>americanequityinvestmentlife.htm
<TEXT>

<HTML>
<HEAD>
   <TITLE>americanequityinvestmentlife.htm - Generated by SEC Publisher for SEC Filing</TITLE>
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<BODY bgcolor="#ffffff">
<a name="page_1"></a><a name="_bclPageBorder1"></a><DIV STYLE="PADDING-RIGHT: 0%; PADDING-LEFT: 0%">
<p align=center style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:center;"><font face="times new roman" lang=EN-US style="font-size:9.5pt;">SECURITIES AND
EXCHANGE COMMISSION</font></p>

<p align=center style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:center;"><font face="times new roman" lang=EN-US style="font-size:9.5pt;">Washington, D.C.
20549</font></p>

<p align=center style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:center;"><font face="times new roman" lang=EN-US style="font-size:9.5pt;">&nbsp;</font></p>

<p align=center style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:center;"><font face="times new roman" lang=EN-US style="font-size:9.5pt;">Schedule 13G</font></p>

<p align=center style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:center;"><font face="times new roman" lang=EN-US style="font-size:9.5pt;">&nbsp;</font></p>

<p align=center style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:center;"><font face="times new roman" lang=EN-US style="font-size:9.5pt;">Under the
Securities Exchange Act of 1934</font></p>

<p align=center style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:center;"><font face="times new roman" lang=EN-US style="font-size:9.5pt;">(Amendment No.: 6
)*</font></p>

<p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;"><font face="times new roman" lang=EN-US style="font-size:9.5pt;">&nbsp;</font></p>

<p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;"><font face="times new roman" lang=EN-US style="font-size:9.5pt;">&nbsp;</font></p>

<p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;"><font face="times new roman" lang=EN-US style="font-size:9.5pt;">&nbsp;</font></p>

<p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;"><font face="times new roman" lang=EN-US style="font-size:9.5pt;">Name
of issuer:&#160; American Equity Investment Life Holding Co</font></p>

<p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;"><font face="times new roman" lang=EN-US style="font-size:9.5pt;">&nbsp;</font></p>

<p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;"><font face="times new roman" lang=EN-US style="font-size:9.5pt;">&nbsp;</font></p>

<p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;"><font face="times new roman" lang=EN-US style="font-size:9.5pt;">Title
of Class of Securities:&nbsp;&nbsp;Common Stock</font></p>

<p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;"><font face="times new roman" lang=EN-US style="font-size:9.5pt;">&nbsp;</font></p>

<p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;"><font face="times new roman" lang=EN-US style="font-size:9.5pt;">&nbsp;</font></p>

<p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;"><font face="times new roman" lang=EN-US style="font-size:9.5pt;">CUSIP
Number:&nbsp;&nbsp;025676206</font></p>

<p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;"><font face="times new roman" lang=EN-US style="font-size:9.5pt;">&nbsp;</font></p>

<p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;"><font face="times new roman" lang=EN-US style="font-size:9.5pt;">&nbsp;</font></p>

<p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;"><font face="times new roman" lang=EN-US style="font-size:9.5pt;">Date
of Event Which Requires Filing of this Statement: </font><b><font face="times new roman" lang=EN-US style="font-size:9.5pt;">July 31, 2017</font></b></p>

<p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;"><font face="times new roman" lang=EN-US style="font-size:9.5pt;">&nbsp;</font></p>

<p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;"><font face="times new roman" lang=EN-US style="font-size:9.5pt;">Check
the appropriate box to designate the rule pursuant to which this Schedule is
filed:</font></p>

<p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;"><font face="times new roman" lang=EN-US style="font-size:9.5pt;">&nbsp;&nbsp;(X)
Rule 13d-1(b) </font></p>

<p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;"><font face="times new roman" lang=EN-US style="font-size:9.5pt;">&nbsp;&nbsp;(&#160;
) Rule 13d-1(c)</font></p>

<p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;"><font face="times new roman" lang=EN-US style="font-size:9.5pt;">&nbsp;&nbsp;(&#160;
) Rule 13d-1(d)</font></p>

<p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;"><font face="times new roman" lang=EN-US style="font-size:9.5pt;">&nbsp;</font></p>

<p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;"><font face="times new roman" lang=EN-US style="font-size:9.5pt;">&nbsp;&nbsp;*The
remainder of this cover page shall be filled out for a reporting person's
initial filing on this form with respect to the subject class of securities,
and for any subsequent amendment containing information which would alter the
disclosures provided in a prior cover page.</font></p>

<p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;"><font face="times new roman" lang=EN-US style="font-size:9.5pt;">&nbsp;</font></p>

<p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;"><font face="times new roman" lang=EN-US style="font-size:9.5pt;">&nbsp;&nbsp;The
information required in the remainder of this cover page shall not be deemed to
be &quot;filed&quot; for the purpose of Section 18 of the Securities Exchange
Act of 1934 (&quot;Act&quot;) or otherwise subject to the liabilities of that
section of the Act but shall be subject to all other provisions of the Act
(however, see the Notes).</font></p>

<p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;"><font face="times new roman" lang=EN-US style="font-size:9.5pt;">&nbsp;</font></p>

<p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;"><font face="times new roman" lang=EN-US style="font-size:9.5pt;">&nbsp;</font></p>

<p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;"><font face="times new roman" lang=EN-US style="font-size:9.5pt;">(Continued
on the following page(s))</font></p>

<p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;"><font face="times new roman" lang=EN-US style="font-size:9.5pt;">&nbsp;</font></p>





</DIV><HR noshade align="center" width="100%" size=2><DIV STYLE="page-break-before: always">&nbsp;</DIV><a name="page_2"></a><a name="_bclPageBorder2"></a><DIV STYLE="PADDING-RIGHT: 0%; PADDING-LEFT: 0%">
<p align=center style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:center;"><font face="times new roman" lang=EN-US style="font-size:9.5pt;">13G</font></p>

<p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;"><font face="times new roman" lang=EN-US style="font-size:9.5pt;">CUSIP
No.:&nbsp;&nbsp;025676206</font></p>

<p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;"><font face="times new roman" lang=EN-US style="font-size:9.5pt;">&nbsp;</font></p>

<p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;"><font face="times new roman" lang=EN-US style="font-size:9.5pt;">&nbsp;</font></p>

<p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;"><font face="times new roman" lang=EN-US style="font-size:9.5pt;">1.&nbsp;&nbsp;NAME
OF REPORTING PERSON </font></p>

<p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;"><font face="times new roman" lang=EN-US style="font-size:9.5pt;">&nbsp;&nbsp;S.S.
OR I.R.S. IDENTIFICATION NO. OF ABOVE PERSON</font></p>

<p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;"><font face="times new roman" lang=EN-US style="font-size:9.5pt;">&nbsp;</font></p>

<p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;"><font face="times new roman" lang=EN-US style="font-size:9.5pt;">&nbsp;&nbsp;The
Vanguard Group - 23-1945930</font></p>

<p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;"><font face="times new roman" lang=EN-US style="font-size:9.5pt;">&nbsp;</font></p>

<p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;"><font face="times new roman" lang=EN-US style="font-size:9.5pt;">2.&nbsp;&nbsp;CHECK
THE APPROPRIATE [LINE] IF A MEMBER OF A GROUP</font></p>

<p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;"><font face="times new roman" lang=EN-US style="font-size:9.5pt;">&nbsp;</font></p>

<div align=left><table cellpadding=0 cellspacing=0 border=0 style="border-collapse:collapse;width:90%;">
 <tr>
  <td valign=top width=47% style="padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;">
  <p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;"><font face="times new roman" style="font-size:9.5pt;">A.</font></p>
  </td>
 <td valign=top width=53% style="padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;">
  <p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;"><font face="times new roman" style="font-size:9.5pt;">B.&#160;
  </font><u><font face="times new roman" style="font-size:9.5pt;">X</font></u></p>
  </td>
 </tr>
</table></div>

<p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;"><font face="times new roman" lang=EN-US style="font-size:9.5pt;">&nbsp;</font></p>

<p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;"><font face="times new roman" lang=EN-US style="font-size:9.5pt;">3.&nbsp;&nbsp;SEC
USE ONLY</font></p>

<p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;"><font face="times new roman" lang=EN-US style="font-size:9.5pt;">&nbsp;</font></p>

<p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;"><font face="times new roman" lang=EN-US style="font-size:9.5pt;">&nbsp;</font></p>

<p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;"><font face="times new roman" lang=EN-US style="font-size:9.5pt;">&nbsp;</font></p>

<p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;"><font face="times new roman" lang=EN-US style="font-size:9.5pt;">4.&nbsp;&nbsp;CITIZENSHIP
OF PLACE OF ORGANIZATION</font></p>

<p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;"><font face="times new roman" lang=EN-US style="font-size:9.5pt;">&nbsp;</font></p>

<p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;"><font face="times new roman" lang=EN-US style="font-size:9.5pt;">&nbsp;&nbsp;Pennsylvania</font></p>

<p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;"><font face="times new roman" lang=EN-US style="font-size:9.5pt;">&nbsp;</font></p>

<p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;"><font face="times new roman" lang=EN-US style="font-size:9.5pt;">(For
questions 5-8, report the number of shares beneficially owned by each reporting
person with:)</font></p>

<p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;"><font face="times new roman" lang=EN-US style="font-size:9.5pt;">&nbsp;</font></p>

<p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;"><font face="times new roman" lang=EN-US style="font-size:9.5pt;">5.&#160;
SOLE VOTING POWER</font></p>

<p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;"><font face="times new roman" lang=EN-US style="font-size:9.5pt;">&nbsp;</font></p>

<p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;"><font face="times new roman" lang=EN-US style="font-size:9.5pt;">&nbsp;&nbsp;100,031</font></p>

<p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;"><font face="times new roman" lang=EN-US style="font-size:9.5pt;">&nbsp;</font></p>

<p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;"><font face="times new roman" lang=EN-US style="font-size:9.5pt;">6.&#160;
SHARED VOTING POWER</font></p>

<p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;"><font face="times new roman" lang=EN-US style="font-size:9.5pt;">&nbsp;</font></p>

<p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;"><font face="times new roman" lang=EN-US style="font-size:9.5pt;">&nbsp;&nbsp;10,081</font></p>

<p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;"><font face="times new roman" lang=EN-US style="font-size:9.5pt;">&nbsp;</font></p>

<p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;"><font face="times new roman" lang=EN-US style="font-size:9.5pt;">7.&nbsp;&nbsp;SOLE
DISPOSITIVE POWER</font></p>

<p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;"><font face="times new roman" lang=EN-US style="font-size:9.5pt;">&nbsp;</font></p>

<p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;"><font face="times new roman" lang=EN-US style="font-size:9.5pt;">&#160;
8,831,775</font></p>

<p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;"><font face="times new roman" lang=EN-US style="font-size:9.5pt;">&nbsp;</font></p>

<p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;"><font face="times new roman" lang=EN-US style="font-size:9.5pt;">8.&nbsp;&nbsp;SHARED
DISPOSITIVE POWER</font></p>

<p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;"><font face="times new roman" lang=EN-US style="font-size:9.5pt;">&nbsp;</font></p>

<p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;"><font face="times new roman" lang=EN-US style="font-size:9.5pt;">&nbsp;&nbsp;
10,081</font></p>

<p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;"><font face="times new roman" lang=EN-US style="font-size:9.5pt;">&nbsp;</font></p>

<p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;"><font face="times new roman" lang=EN-US style="font-size:9.5pt;">9.&nbsp;&nbsp;AGGREGATE
AMOUNT BENEFICIALLY OWNED BY EACH REPORTING PERSON</font></p>

<p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;"><font face="times new roman" lang=EN-US style="font-size:9.5pt;">&nbsp;</font></p>

<p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;"><font face="times new roman" lang=EN-US style="font-size:9.5pt;">&nbsp;&nbsp;8,934,829</font></p>

<p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;"><font face="times new roman" lang=EN-US style="font-size:9.5pt;">&nbsp;</font></p>

<p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;"><font face="times new roman" lang=EN-US style="font-size:9.5pt;">10.&nbsp;&nbsp;CHECK
BOX IF THE AGGREGATE AMOUNT IN ROW (9) EXCLUDES CERTAIN SHARES </font></p>

<p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;"><font face="times new roman" lang=EN-US style="font-size:9.5pt;">&nbsp;</font></p>

<p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;"><font face="times new roman" lang=EN-US style="font-size:9.5pt;">&nbsp;&nbsp;N/A</font></p>

<p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;"><font face="times new roman" lang=EN-US style="font-size:9.5pt;">&nbsp;</font></p>

<p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;"><font face="times new roman" lang=EN-US style="font-size:9.5pt;">11.&nbsp;&nbsp;PERCENT
OF CLASS REPRESENTED BY AMOUNT IN ROW 9</font></p>

<p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;"><font face="times new roman" lang=EN-US style="font-size:9.5pt;">&nbsp;</font></p>

<p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;"><font face="times new roman" lang=EN-US style="font-size:9.5pt;">&nbsp;&nbsp;10.06%</font></p>

<p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;"><font face="times new roman" lang=EN-US style="font-size:9.5pt;">&nbsp;</font></p>

<p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;"><font face="times new roman" lang=EN-US style="font-size:9.5pt;">12.&nbsp;&nbsp;TYPE
OF REPORTING PERSON</font></p>

<p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;"><font face="times new roman" lang=EN-US style="font-size:9.5pt;">&nbsp;</font></p>

<p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;"><font face="times new roman" lang=EN-US style="font-size:9.5pt;">&nbsp;&nbsp;IA</font></p>





</DIV><HR noshade align="center" width="100%" size=2><DIV STYLE="page-break-before: always">&nbsp;</DIV><a name="page_3"></a><a name="_bclPageBorder3"></a><DIV STYLE="PADDING-RIGHT: 0%; PADDING-LEFT: 0%">
<p align=center style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:center;"><font face="times new roman" lang=EN-US style="font-size:9.5pt;">SECURITIES AND
EXCHANGE COMMISSION</font></p>

<p align=center style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:center;"><font face="times new roman" lang=EN-US style="font-size:9.5pt;">Washington, D.C.
20549</font></p>

<p align=center style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:center;"><font face="times new roman" lang=EN-US style="font-size:9.5pt;">&nbsp;</font></p>

<p align=center style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:center;"><font face="times new roman" lang=EN-US style="font-size:9.5pt;">SCHEDULE 13G</font></p>

<p align=center style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:center;"><font face="times new roman" lang=EN-US style="font-size:9.5pt;">Under the
Securities Act of 1934</font></p>

<p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;"><font face="times new roman" lang=EN-US style="font-size:9.5pt;">&nbsp;</font></p>

<p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;"><font face="times new roman" lang=EN-US style="font-size:9.5pt;">Check
the following [line] if a fee is being paid with this statement&#160;&#160; N/A</font></p>

<p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;"><font face="times new roman" lang=EN-US style="font-size:9.5pt;">&nbsp;</font></p>

<p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;"><u><font face="times new roman" lang=EN-US style="font-size:9.5pt;">Item
1(a) - Name of Issuer:</font></u></p>

<p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;"><font face="times new roman" lang=EN-US style="font-size:9.5pt;">&nbsp;</font></p>

<p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;"><font face="times new roman" lang=EN-US style="font-size:9.5pt;">&nbsp;&nbsp;American
Equity Investment Life Holding Co</font></p>

<p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;"><font face="times new roman" lang=EN-US style="font-size:9.5pt;">&nbsp;</font></p>

<p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;"><font face="times new roman" lang=EN-US style="font-size:9.5pt;">&nbsp;</font></p>

<p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;"><u><font face="times new roman" lang=EN-US style="font-size:9.5pt;">Item
1(b) - Address of Issuer's Principal Executive Offices:</font></u></p>

<p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;"><font face="times new roman" lang=EN-US style="font-size:9.5pt;">&nbsp;</font></p>

<p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;"><font face="times new roman" lang=EN-US style="font-size:9.5pt;">&nbsp;&nbsp;6000
Westown Parkway</font></p>

<p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;"><font face="times new roman" lang=EN-US style="font-size:9.5pt;">&nbsp;&nbsp;West
Des Moines, Iowa 50266</font></p>

<p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;"><font face="times new roman" lang=EN-US style="font-size:9.5pt;">&nbsp;</font></p>

<p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;"><u><font face="times new roman" lang=EN-US style="font-size:9.5pt;">Item
2(a) - Name of Person Filing:</font></u></p>

<p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;"><font face="times new roman" lang=EN-US style="font-size:9.5pt;">&nbsp;</font></p>

<p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;"><font face="times new roman" lang=EN-US style="font-size:9.5pt;">&nbsp;&nbsp;The
Vanguard Group - 23-1945930</font></p>

<p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;"><font face="times new roman" lang=EN-US style="font-size:9.5pt;">&nbsp;</font></p>

<p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;"><u><font face="times new roman" lang=EN-US style="font-size:9.5pt;">Item
2(b) &#8211; Address of Principal Business Office or, if none, residence:</font></u></p>

<p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;"><font face="times new roman" lang=EN-US style="font-size:9.5pt;text-decoration:none;">&nbsp;</font></p>

<p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;"><font face="times new roman" lang=EN-US style="font-size:9.5pt;">&nbsp;&nbsp;100
Vanguard Blvd.</font></p>

<p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;"><font face="times new roman" lang=EN-US style="font-size:9.5pt;">&#160;
Malvern, PA&#160; 19355</font></p>

<p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;"><font face="times new roman" lang=EN-US style="font-size:9.5pt;">&nbsp;</font></p>

<p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;"><u><font face="times new roman" lang=EN-US style="font-size:9.5pt;">Item
2(c) &#8211; Citizenship:</font></u></p>

<p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;"><font face="times new roman" lang=EN-US style="font-size:9.5pt;text-decoration:none;">&nbsp;</font></p>

<p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;"><font face="times new roman" lang=EN-US style="font-size:9.5pt;">&nbsp;&nbsp;Pennsylvania</font></p>

<p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;"><font face="times new roman" lang=EN-US style="font-size:9.5pt;">&nbsp;</font></p>

<p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;"><u><font face="times new roman" lang=EN-US style="font-size:9.5pt;">Item
2(d) - Title of Class of Securities:</font></u></p>

<p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;"><font face="times new roman" lang=EN-US style="font-size:9.5pt;">&nbsp;</font></p>

<p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;"><font face="times new roman" lang=EN-US style="font-size:9.5pt;">&nbsp;&nbsp;Common
Stock</font></p>

<p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;"><font face="times new roman" lang=EN-US style="font-size:9.5pt;">&nbsp;</font></p>

<p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;"><u><font face="times new roman" lang=EN-US style="font-size:9.5pt;">Item
2(e) - CUSIP Number</font></u></p>

<p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;"><font face="times new roman" lang=EN-US style="font-size:9.5pt;">&nbsp;</font></p>

<p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;"><font face="times new roman" lang=EN-US style="font-size:9.5pt;">&nbsp;&nbsp;025676206</font></p>

<p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;"><font face="times new roman" lang=EN-US style="font-size:9.5pt;text-decoration:none;">&nbsp;</font></p>

<p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;"><u><font face="times new roman" lang=EN-US style="font-size:9.5pt;">Item
3 - Type of Filing:</font></u></p>

<p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;"><font face="times new roman" lang=EN-US style="font-size:9.5pt;">&nbsp;</font></p>

<p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;"><font face="times new roman" lang=EN-US style="font-size:9.5pt;">&nbsp;&nbsp;This
statement is being filed pursuant to Rule 13d-1.&nbsp;&nbsp;An investment
adviser in accordance with &#167;240.13d-1(b)(1)(ii)(E). </font></p>

<p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;"><font face="times new roman" lang=EN-US style="font-size:9.5pt;">&nbsp;</font></p>

<p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;"><u><font face="times new roman" lang=EN-US style="font-size:9.5pt;">Item
4 - Ownership:</font></u></p>

<p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;"><font face="times new roman" lang=EN-US style="font-size:9.5pt;">&nbsp;</font></p>

<p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;"><font face="times new roman" lang=EN-US style="font-size:9.5pt;">&#160;
(a) Amount Beneficially Owned:</font></p>

<p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;"><font face="times new roman" lang=EN-US style="font-size:9.5pt;">&nbsp;</font></p>

<p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;"><font face="times new roman" lang=EN-US style="font-size:9.5pt;">&nbsp;&nbsp;8,934,829</font></p>

<p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;"><font face="times new roman" lang=EN-US style="font-size:9.5pt;">&nbsp;</font></p>

<p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;"><font face="times new roman" lang=EN-US style="font-size:9.5pt;">&#160;
(b) Percent of Class:</font></p>

<p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;"><font face="times new roman" lang=EN-US style="font-size:9.5pt;">&nbsp;</font></p>

<p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;"><font face="times new roman" lang=EN-US style="font-size:9.5pt;">&nbsp;&nbsp;10.06%</font></p>





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<p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;"><font face="times new roman" lang=EN-US style="font-size:9.5pt;">&nbsp;&nbsp;(c)&nbsp;&nbsp;Number of
shares as to which such person has:</font></p>

<p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;"><font face="times new roman" lang=EN-US style="font-size:9.5pt;">&nbsp;</font></p>

<p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;"><font face="times new roman" lang=EN-US style="font-size:9.5pt;">&nbsp;&nbsp;(i)&nbsp;&nbsp;sole
power to vote or direct to vote:&nbsp;&nbsp;100,031</font></p>

<p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;"><font face="times new roman" lang=EN-US style="font-size:9.5pt;">&nbsp;</font></p>

<p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;"><font face="times new roman" lang=EN-US style="font-size:9.5pt;">&nbsp;&nbsp;(ii)&nbsp;&nbsp;shared
power to vote or direct to vote:&nbsp;&nbsp;10,081</font></p>

<p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;"><font face="times new roman" lang=EN-US style="font-size:9.5pt;">&nbsp;</font></p>

<p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;"><font face="times new roman" lang=EN-US style="font-size:9.5pt;">&nbsp;&nbsp;(iii)&nbsp;&nbsp;sole
power to dispose of or to direct the disposition of:&nbsp;&nbsp;8,831,775 </font></p>

<p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;"><font face="times new roman" lang=EN-US style="font-size:9.5pt;">&nbsp;</font></p>

<p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;"><font face="times new roman" lang=EN-US style="font-size:9.5pt;">&nbsp;&nbsp;(iv)&nbsp;&nbsp;shared
power to dispose or to direct the disposition of:&nbsp;&nbsp;10,081 </font></p>

<p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;"><font face="times new roman" lang=EN-US style="font-size:9.5pt;">&nbsp;</font></p>

<p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;"><u><font face="times new roman" lang=EN-US style="font-size:9.5pt;">Comments:</font></u></p>

<p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;"><font face="times new roman" lang=EN-US style="font-size:9.5pt;text-decoration:none;">&nbsp;</font></p>

<p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;"><font face="times new roman" lang=EN-US style="font-size:9.5pt;text-decoration:none;">&nbsp;</font></p>

<p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;"><u><font face="times new roman" lang=EN-US style="font-size:9.5pt;">Item
5 - Ownership of Five Percent or Less of a Class:</font></u></p>

<p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;"><font face="times new roman" lang=EN-US style="font-size:9.5pt;">&nbsp;</font></p>

<p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;"><font face="times new roman" lang=EN-US style="font-size:9.5pt;">&nbsp;&nbsp;Not
Applicable</font></p>

<p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;"><font face="times new roman" lang=EN-US style="font-size:9.5pt;">&nbsp;</font></p>

<p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;"><u><font face="times new roman" lang=EN-US style="font-size:9.5pt;">Item
6 - Ownership of More Than Five Percent on Behalf of Another Person:</font></u></p>

<p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;"><font face="times new roman" lang=EN-US style="font-size:9.5pt;">&nbsp;</font></p>

<p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;"><font face="times new roman" lang=EN-US style="font-size:9.5pt;">&nbsp;&nbsp;Not
applicable</font></p>

<p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;"><font face="times new roman" lang=EN-US style="font-size:9.5pt;">&nbsp;</font></p>

<p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;"><u><font face="times new roman" lang=EN-US style="font-size:9.5pt;">Item
7 - Identification and Classification of the Subsidiary Which Acquired The
Security Being Reported on by the Parent Holding Company</font></u><font face="times new roman" lang=EN-US style="font-size:9.5pt;">:</font></p>

<p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;"><font face="times new roman" lang=EN-US style="font-size:9.5pt;">&nbsp;</font></p>

<p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;"><font face="times new roman" lang=EN-US style="font-size:9.5pt;">&nbsp;&nbsp;See
Attached Appendix A</font></p>

<p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;"><font face="times new roman" lang=EN-US style="font-size:9.5pt;">&nbsp;</font></p>

<p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;"><u><font face="times new roman" lang=EN-US style="font-size:9.5pt;">Item
8 - Identification and Classification of Members of Group:</font></u></p>

<p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;"><font face="times new roman" lang=EN-US style="font-size:9.5pt;">&nbsp;</font></p>

<p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;"><font face="times new roman" lang=EN-US style="font-size:9.5pt;">&nbsp;&nbsp;Not
applicable</font></p>

<p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;"><font face="times new roman" lang=EN-US style="font-size:9.5pt;">&nbsp;</font></p>

<p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;"><u><font face="times new roman" lang=EN-US style="font-size:9.5pt;">Item
9 - Notice of Dissolution of Group:</font></u></p>

<p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;"><font face="times new roman" lang=EN-US style="font-size:9.5pt;">&nbsp;</font></p>

<p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;"><font face="times new roman" lang=EN-US style="font-size:9.5pt;">&nbsp;&nbsp;Not
applicable</font></p>

<p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;"><font face="times new roman" lang=EN-US style="font-size:9.5pt;">&nbsp;</font></p>

<p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;"><u><font face="times new roman" lang=EN-US style="font-size:9.5pt;">Item
10 - Certification:</font></u></p>

<p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;"><font face="times new roman" lang=EN-US style="font-size:9.5pt;">&nbsp;</font></p>

<p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;"><font face="times new roman" lang=EN-US style="font-size:9.5pt;">&nbsp;&nbsp;By
signing below I certify that, to the best of my knowledge and belief, the
securities referred to above were acquired in the ordinary course of business
and were not acquired for the purpose of and do not have the effect of changing
or influencing the control of the issuer of such securities and were not
acquired in connection with or as a participant in any transaction having such
purpose or effect.</font></p>

<p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;"><font face="times new roman" lang=EN-US style="font-size:9.5pt;">&nbsp;</font></p>

<p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;"><u><font face="times new roman" lang=EN-US style="font-size:9.5pt;">Signature</font></u></p>

<p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;"><font face="times new roman" lang=EN-US style="font-size:9.5pt;">&nbsp;</font></p>

<p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;"><font face="times new roman" lang=EN-US style="font-size:9.5pt;">&nbsp;&nbsp;After
reasonable inquiry and to the best of my knowledge and belief, I certify that
the information set forth in this statement is true, complete and correct.</font></p>

<p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;"><font face="times new roman" lang=EN-US style="font-size:9.5pt;">&nbsp;</font></p>

<p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;"><font face="times new roman" lang=EN-US style="font-size:9.5pt;">Date:&nbsp;&nbsp;08/10/2017</font></p>

<p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;"><font color=blue face="times new roman" lang=EN-US style="font-size:9.5pt;text-decoration:none;">&nbsp;</font></p>

<p align=center style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:center;"><font face="times new roman" lang=EN-US style="font-size:9.5pt;">By</font><u><font face="times new roman" lang=EN-US style="font-size:9.5pt;"> /s/ Peter
Mahoney*</font></u><font face="times new roman" lang=EN-US style="font-size:9.5pt;"> </font></p>

<p align=center style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:center;"><font face="times new roman" lang=EN-US style="font-size:9.5pt;">&nbsp;</font></p>

<p align=center style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:center;"><font face="times new roman" lang=EN-US style="font-size:9.5pt;">Peter Mahoney</font></p>

<p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;"><font face="times new roman" lang=EN-US style="font-size:9.5pt;">&nbsp;</font></p>

<p align=center style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:center;"><font face="times new roman" lang=EN-US style="font-size:9.5pt;">Duly authorized
under Power of Attorney*</font></p>

<p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;"><font face="times new roman" lang=EN-US style="font-size:9.5pt;">&nbsp;</font></p>

<p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;"><font face="times new roman" lang=EN-US style="font-size:9.5pt;">*Pursuant
to a Power of Attorney herewith.</font></p>

<p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;"><font face="times new roman" lang=EN-US style="font-size:9.5pt;">&nbsp;</font></p>




<p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;"><font face="times new roman" lang=EN-US style="font-size:9.5pt;">&nbsp;</font></p>


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<p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;"><font face="times new roman" lang=EN-US style="font-size:9.5pt;">Appendix A</font></p>

<p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;"><font face="times new roman" lang=EN-US style="font-size:9.5pt;">&nbsp;</font></p>

<p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;"><font face="times new roman" lang=EN-US style="font-size:9.5pt;">&#160;Vanguard
Fiduciary Trust Company (&quot;VFTC&quot;), a wholly-owned subsidiary of The
Vanguard Group, Inc., is the beneficial owner of&#160; 92,973 shares or &#160;.10% of the
Common Stock outstanding of the Company as a result of its serving as
investment manager of collective trust accounts. </font></p>

<p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;"><font face="times new roman" lang=EN-US style="font-size:9.5pt;">&nbsp;</font></p>

<p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;"><font face="times new roman" lang=EN-US style="font-size:9.5pt;">Vanguard
Investments Australia, Ltd. (&quot;VIA&quot;), a wholly-owned subsidiary of The
Vanguard Group, Inc., is the beneficial owner of&#160; 17,139 shares or</font><font color=red face="times new roman" lang=EN-US style="font-size:9.5pt;"> </font><font face="times new roman" lang=EN-US style="font-size:9.5pt;">&#160;.01% of the Common Stock outstanding of the Company
as a result of its serving as investment manager of Australian investment
offerings.</font></p>




<p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;"><font face="times new roman" lang=EN-US style="font-size:9.5pt;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric ideograph-other;">&nbsp;</font></p>









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<p align=center style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:center;"><b><font face="Courier New" lang=EN-US style="font-size:12.0pt;">NOTICE</font></b></p>

<p align=center style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:center;"><b><font face="Courier New" lang=EN-US style="font-size:12.0pt;">&nbsp;</font></b></p>

<p align=center style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:center;"><b><font face="Courier New" lang=EN-US style="font-size:12.0pt;text-transform:uppercase;">august 3, 2017</font></b></p>

<p align=center style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:center;"><b><font face="Courier New" lang=EN-US style="font-size:12.0pt;">&nbsp;</font></b></p>

<p align=left style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:left;"><b><font face="Times New Roman" lang=EN-US style="font-size:12.0pt;text-transform:uppercase;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160; The purpose of this power of
attorney is to give the person you designate (your &#8220;agent&#8221;) broad powers to act
on your behalf and to perform any and all acts the agent deems necessary to
enable the undersigned persons to comply with the applicable laws of the united
states without advance notice to you or approval by you.</font></b></p>

<p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;"><b><font face="Courier New" lang=EN-US style="font-size:12.0pt;text-transform:uppercase;">&nbsp;</font></b></p>

<p align=left style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:left;"><b><font face="Times New Roman" lang=EN-US style="font-size:12.0pt;text-transform:uppercase;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160; This power of attorney does not
impose a duty on your agent to exercise granted powers, but when powers are
exercised, your agent must use due care to act for your benefit and in
accordance with this power of attorney.</font></b></p>

<p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;"><b><font face="Courier New" lang=EN-US style="font-size:12.0pt;text-transform:uppercase;">&nbsp;</font></b></p>

<p align=left style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:left;"><b><font face="Times New Roman" lang=EN-US style="font-size:12.0pt;text-transform:uppercase;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160; Your agent may exercise the powers
given here throughout your lifetime, even after you become incapacitated,
unless you expressly limit the duration of these powers or you revoke these
powers or a court acting on your behalf terminates your agent&#8217;s authority.</font></b></p>

<p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;"><b><font face="Courier New" lang=EN-US style="font-size:12.0pt;text-transform:uppercase;">&nbsp;</font></b></p>

<p align=left style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:left;"><b><font face="Times New Roman" lang=EN-US style="font-size:12.0pt;text-transform:uppercase;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160; Your agent must act in accordance
with your reasonable expectations to the extent actually known by your agent and,
otherwise, in your best interest, act in good faith and act only within the
scope of authority granted by you in the power of attorney.&#160;&#160; </font></b></p>

<p align=left style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:left;"><b><font face="Times New Roman" lang=EN-US style="font-size:12.0pt;text-transform:uppercase;">&nbsp;</font></b></p>

<p align=left style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:left;text-indent:.5in;"><b><font face="Times New Roman" lang=EN-US style="font-size:12.0pt;text-transform:uppercase;">The law permits you, if you choose, to grant
broad authority to an agent under power of attorney, including the ability to
give away all of your property while you are alive or to substantially change
how your property is distributed at your death. Before signing this document,
you should seek the advice of an attorney at law to make sure you understand
it.</font></b></p>

<p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;"><b><font face="Courier New" lang=EN-US style="font-size:12.0pt;text-transform:uppercase;">&nbsp;</font></b></p>

<p align=left style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:left;"><b><font face="Times New Roman" lang=EN-US style="font-size:12.0pt;text-transform:uppercase;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160; A court can take away the powers
of your agent if it finds your agent is not acting properly.</font></b></p>

<p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;"><b><font face="Courier New" lang=EN-US style="font-size:12.0pt;text-transform:uppercase;">&nbsp;</font></b></p>

<p align=left style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:left;"><b><font face="Times New Roman" lang=EN-US style="font-size:12.0pt;text-transform:uppercase;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160; The powers and duties of an agent
under a power of attorney are explained more fully in 20 pa.C.S. Ch. 56.</font></b></p>

<p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;"><b><font face="Courier New" lang=EN-US style="font-size:12.0pt;text-transform:uppercase;">&nbsp;</font></b></p>

<p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;margin-right:0pt;"><b><font face="Courier New" lang=EN-US style="font-size:12.0pt;text-transform:uppercase;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160; If there is anything about this form that you do not understand,
you should ask a lawyer of your own choosing to explain it to you.
</font></b><b><font face="Courier New" lang=EN-US style="font-size:12.0pt;">On the date indicated in the notice above, I have read
or had explained to me this notice and I understand its contents. </font></b></p>
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<p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;"><b><font face="Courier New" lang=EN-US style="font-size:12.0pt;">&nbsp;</font></b></p>

<p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;"><b><font face="Courier New" lang=EN-US style="font-size:12.0pt;">The Vanguard Group, Inc.</font></b></p>

<p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;"><b><font face="Courier New" lang=EN-US style="font-size:12.0pt;">&nbsp;</font></b></p>

<p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;"><b><font face="Courier New" lang=EN-US style="font-size:12.0pt;">&nbsp;</font></b></p>

<p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;"><font face="Courier New" lang=EN-US style="font-size:12.0pt;">By</font><b><u><font face="Courier New" lang=EN-US style="font-size:12.0pt;">_</font></u></b><u><font face="Courier New" lang=EN-US style="font-size:12.0pt;">/s/ F. William McNabb III</font></u><b><u><font face="Courier New" lang=EN-US style="font-size:12.0pt;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160; </font></u></b></p>

<p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;"><font face="Courier New" lang=EN-US style="font-size:12.0pt;">Name:&#160; F. William McNabb III</font></p>

<p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;"><font face="Courier New" lang=EN-US style="font-size:12.0pt;">Title:&#160;&#160;&#160; Chairman and Chief Executive Officer</font></p>

<p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:justify;"><b><font face="Courier New" lang=EN-US style="font-size:12.0pt;">&nbsp;</font></b></p>

<p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;"><b><font face="Courier New" lang=EN-US style="font-size:12.0pt;">Vanguard Fiduciary Trust Company</font></b></p>

<p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;"><b><font face="Courier New" lang=EN-US style="font-size:12.0pt;">&nbsp;</font></b></p>

<p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;"><b><font face="Courier New" lang=EN-US style="font-size:12.0pt;">&nbsp;</font></b></p>

<p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;"><font face="Courier New" lang=EN-US style="font-size:12.0pt;">By</font><b><u><font face="Courier New" lang=EN-US style="font-size:12.0pt;">_</font></u></b><u><font face="Courier New" lang=EN-US style="font-size:12.0pt;">/s/ F. William McNabb III</font></u><b><u><font face="Courier New" lang=EN-US style="font-size:12.0pt;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160; </font></u></b></p>

<p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;"><font face="Courier New" lang=EN-US style="font-size:12.0pt;">Name:&#160; F. William McNabb III</font></p>

<p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:justify;"><font face="Courier New" lang=EN-US style="font-size:12.0pt;">Title:&#160;&#160;&#160; Chairman, President,
and Chief Executive Officer</font></p>

<p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;"><b><font face="Courier New" lang=EN-US style="font-size:12.0pt;">&nbsp;</font></b></p>

<p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;"><b><font face="Courier New" lang=EN-US style="font-size:12.0pt;">Vanguard Admiral Funds </font></b></p>

<p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;"><b><font face="Courier New" lang=EN-US style="font-size:12.0pt;">Vanguard Bond Index Funds</font></b></p>

<p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;"><b><font face="Courier New" lang=EN-US style="font-size:12.0pt;">Vanguard California Tax-Free Funds</font></b></p>

<p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;"><b><font face="Courier New" lang=EN-US style="font-size:12.0pt;">Vanguard Charlotte Funds</font></b></p>

<p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;"><b><font face="Courier New" lang=EN-US style="font-size:12.0pt;">Vanguard Chester Funds </font></b></p>

<p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;"><b><font face="Courier New" lang=EN-US style="font-size:12.0pt;">Vanguard CMT Funds </font></b></p>

<p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;"><b><font face="Courier New" lang=EN-US style="font-size:12.0pt;">Vanguard Convertible Securities Fund </font></b></p>

<p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;"><b><font face="Courier New" lang=EN-US style="font-size:12.0pt;">Vanguard Explorer Fund</font></b></p>

<p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;"><b><font face="Courier New" lang=EN-US style="font-size:12.0pt;">Vanguard Fenway Funds </font></b></p>

<p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;"><b><font face="Courier New" lang=EN-US style="font-size:12.0pt;">Vanguard Fixed Income Securities Funds</font></b></p>

<p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;"><b><font face="Courier New" lang=EN-US style="font-size:12.0pt;">Vanguard Horizon Funds </font></b></p>

<p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;"><b><font face="Courier New" lang=EN-US style="font-size:12.0pt;">Vanguard Index Funds</font></b></p>

<p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;"><b><font face="Courier New" lang=EN-US style="font-size:12.0pt;">Vanguard Institutional Index Funds </font></b></p>

<p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;"><b><font face="Courier New" lang=EN-US style="font-size:12.0pt;">Vanguard International Equity Index Funds </font></b></p>

<p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;"><b><font face="Courier New" lang=EN-US style="font-size:12.0pt;">Vanguard Malvern Funds </font></b></p>

<p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;"><b><font face="Courier New" lang=EN-US style="font-size:12.0pt;">Vanguard Massachusetts Tax-Exempt Funds</font></b></p>

<p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;"><b><font face="Courier New" lang=EN-US style="font-size:12.0pt;">Vanguard Money Market Reserves </font></b></p>

<p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;"><b><font face="Courier New" lang=EN-US style="font-size:12.0pt;">Vanguard Montgomery Funds </font></b></p>

<p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;"><b><font face="Courier New" lang=EN-US style="font-size:12.0pt;">Vanguard Morgan Growth Fund</font></b></p>

<p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;"><b><font face="Courier New" lang=EN-US style="font-size:12.0pt;">Vanguard Municipal Bond Funds </font></b></p>

<p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;"><b><font face="Courier New" lang=EN-US style="font-size:12.0pt;">Vanguard New Jersey Tax-Free Funds </font></b></p>

<p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;"><b><font face="Courier New" lang=EN-US style="font-size:12.0pt;">Vanguard New York Tax-Free Funds</font></b></p>

<p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;"><b><font face="Courier New" lang=EN-US style="font-size:12.0pt;">Vanguard Ohio Tax-Free Funds </font></b></p>

<p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;"><b><font face="Courier New" lang=EN-US style="font-size:12.0pt;">Vanguard Pennsylvania Tax-Free Funds </font></b></p>

<p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;"><b><font face="Courier New" lang=EN-US style="font-size:12.0pt;">Vanguard Quantitative Funds </font></b></p>

<p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;"><b><font face="Courier New" lang=EN-US style="font-size:12.0pt;">Vanguard Scottsdale Funds </font></b></p>

<p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;"><b><font face="Courier New" lang=EN-US style="font-size:12.0pt;">Vanguard Specialized Funds</font></b></p>

<p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;"><b><font face="Courier New" lang=EN-US style="font-size:12.0pt;">Vanguard STAR Funds </font></b></p>

<p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;"><b><font face="Courier New" lang=EN-US style="font-size:12.0pt;">Vanguard Tax-Managed Funds</font></b></p>

<p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;"><b><font face="Courier New" lang=EN-US style="font-size:12.0pt;">Vanguard Trustees&#8217; Equity Fund </font></b></p>

<p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;"><b><font face="Courier New" lang=EN-US style="font-size:12.0pt;">Vanguard Valley Forge Funds</font></b></p>

<p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;"><b><font face="Courier New" lang=EN-US style="font-size:12.0pt;">Vanguard Variable Insurance Funds </font></b></p>

<p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;"><b><font face="Courier New" lang=EN-US style="font-size:12.0pt;">Vanguard Wellesley Income Fund</font></b></p>

<p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;"><b><font face="Courier New" lang=EN-US style="font-size:12.0pt;">Vanguard Wellington Fund</font></b></p>


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<p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;"><b><font face="Courier New" lang=EN-US style="font-size:12.0pt;">Vanguard Whitehall Funds </font></b></p>

<p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;"><b><font face="Courier New" lang=EN-US style="font-size:12.0pt;">Vanguard Windsor Funds</font></b></p>

<p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;"><b><font face="Courier New" lang=EN-US style="font-size:12.0pt;">Vanguard World Fund</font></b></p>

<p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;"><b><font face="Courier New" lang=EN-US style="font-size:12.0pt;">&nbsp;</font></b></p>

<p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;"><font face="Courier New" lang=EN-US style="font-size:12.0pt;">By</font><b><u><font face="Courier New" lang=EN-US style="font-size:12.0pt;">_</font></u></b><u><font face="Courier New" lang=EN-US style="font-size:12.0pt;">/s/ F. William McNabb III</font></u><b><u><font face="Courier New" lang=EN-US style="font-size:12.0pt;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160; </font></u></b></p>

<p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;"><font face="Courier New" lang=EN-US style="font-size:12.0pt;">Name:&#160; F. William McNabb III</font></p>

<p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;"><font face="Courier New" lang=EN-US style="font-size:12.0pt;">Title:&#160;&#160;&#160; Chairman, President, and Chief Executive Officer</font></p>





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<p align=center style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:center;"><font face="Courier New" lang=EN-US style="font-size:12.0pt;">POWER
OF ATTORNEY</font></p>

<p align=center style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:center;"><font face="Courier New" lang=EN-US style="font-size:12.0pt;">&nbsp;</font></p>

<p style="margin-bottom:6.0pt;margin-left:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-top:0in;text-align:justify;"><b><font face="Times New Roman" lang=EN-US style="font-size:10.0pt;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160; </font></b><font face="Times New Roman" lang=EN-US style="font-size:10.0pt;font-weight:normal;">Each of the
undersigned persons (as such term is defined in the Securities Act of 1933, as
amended) whose signatures appear below (each, a &#8220;Principal&#8221;) hereby constitutes
and appoints Peter Mahoney as its agent with authority to execute in the name
of and on behalf of such Principal any and all documents, certificates, instruments,
statements, other filings, and amendments to the foregoing (collectively, &#8220;Documents&#8221;)
determined by such Principal to be necessary or appropriate to comply with
ownership or control-person reporting requirements imposed by any United States
or non-United States governmental or regulatory authority, including without
limitation Forms 3, 4, 5, 13D, 13F, and 13G and any amendments to any of the
foregoing as may be required to be filed with the Securities and Exchange
Commission, and delivering, furnishing, or filing any such Documents with the
appropriate governmental, regulatory authority, or other person, and granting
to such agent full power and authority to do and perform each and every act
requisite and necessary to be done in connection therewith, as fully as each
undersigned Principal might or could do itself or in person, hereby ratifying
and confirming all that such agent may lawfully do or cause to be done by
virtue hereof:</font></p>

<p align=center style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:center;"><font face="Courier New" lang=EN-US style="font-size:12.0pt;">&nbsp;</font></p>

<p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:.5in;"><font face="Times New Roman" lang=EN-US style="font-size:10.0pt;font-weight:normal;">Each Principal
hereby revokes all powers of attorney which it may have heretofore granted
regarding the subject matter hereof.</font></p>





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<p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:justify;"><font face="Courier New" lang=EN-US style="font-size:12.0pt;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160; The
undersigned person has executed this Power of Attorney in the capacity and on
the date indicated above.</font></p>

<p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:justify;"><font face="Courier New" lang=EN-US style="font-size:12.0pt;">&nbsp;</font></p>

<p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;"><b><font face="Courier New" lang=EN-US style="font-size:12.0pt;">The Vanguard Group, Inc.</font></b></p>

<p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;"><font face="Courier New" lang=EN-US style="font-size:12.0pt;">&nbsp;</font></p>

<p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;"><font face="Courier New" lang=EN-US style="font-size:12.0pt;">&nbsp;</font></p>

<p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;"><font face="Courier New" lang=EN-US style="font-size:12.0pt;">By</font><b><u><font face="Courier New" lang=EN-US style="font-size:12.0pt;">_</font></u></b><u><font face="Courier New" lang=EN-US style="font-size:12.0pt;">/s/ F. William McNabb III</font></u><b><u><font face="Courier New" lang=EN-US style="font-size:12.0pt;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160; </font></u></b></p>

<p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;"><font face="Courier New" lang=EN-US style="font-size:12.0pt;">Name:&#160; F. William McNabb III</font></p>

<p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;"><font face="Courier New" lang=EN-US style="font-size:12.0pt;">Title:&#160;&#160;&#160; Chairman and Chief Executive Officer</font></p>

<p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:justify;"><font face="Courier New" lang=EN-US style="font-size:12.0pt;">&nbsp;</font></p>

<p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;"><b><font face="Courier New" lang=EN-US style="font-size:12.0pt;">Vanguard Fiduciary Trust Company</font></b></p>

<p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;"><font face="Courier New" lang=EN-US style="font-size:12.0pt;">&nbsp;</font></p>

<p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;"><font face="Courier New" lang=EN-US style="font-size:12.0pt;">&nbsp;</font></p>

<p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;"><font face="Courier New" lang=EN-US style="font-size:12.0pt;">By</font><b><u><font face="Courier New" lang=EN-US style="font-size:12.0pt;">_</font></u></b><u><font face="Courier New" lang=EN-US style="font-size:12.0pt;">/s/ F. William McNabb III</font></u><b><u><font face="Courier New" lang=EN-US style="font-size:12.0pt;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160; </font></u></b></p>

<p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;"><font face="Courier New" lang=EN-US style="font-size:12.0pt;">Name:&#160; F. William McNabb III</font></p>

<p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:justify;"><font face="Courier New" lang=EN-US style="font-size:12.0pt;">Title:&#160;&#160;&#160; Chairman, President,
and Chief Executive Officer</font></p>

<p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;"><b><font face="Courier New" lang=EN-US style="font-size:12.0pt;">&nbsp;</font></b></p>

<p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;"><b><font face="Courier New" lang=EN-US style="font-size:12.0pt;">Vanguard Admiral Funds </font></b></p>

<p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;"><b><font face="Courier New" lang=EN-US style="font-size:12.0pt;">Vanguard Bond Index Funds</font></b></p>

<p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;"><b><font face="Courier New" lang=EN-US style="font-size:12.0pt;">Vanguard California Tax-Free Funds</font></b></p>

<p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;"><b><font face="Courier New" lang=EN-US style="font-size:12.0pt;">Vanguard Charlotte Funds</font></b></p>

<p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;"><b><font face="Courier New" lang=EN-US style="font-size:12.0pt;">Vanguard Chester Funds </font></b></p>

<p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;"><b><font face="Courier New" lang=EN-US style="font-size:12.0pt;">Vanguard CMT Funds </font></b></p>

<p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;"><b><font face="Courier New" lang=EN-US style="font-size:12.0pt;">Vanguard Convertible Securities Fund </font></b></p>

<p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;"><b><font face="Courier New" lang=EN-US style="font-size:12.0pt;">Vanguard Explorer Fund</font></b></p>

<p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;"><b><font face="Courier New" lang=EN-US style="font-size:12.0pt;">Vanguard Fenway Funds </font></b></p>

<p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;"><b><font face="Courier New" lang=EN-US style="font-size:12.0pt;">Vanguard Fixed Income Securities Funds</font></b></p>

<p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;"><b><font face="Courier New" lang=EN-US style="font-size:12.0pt;">Vanguard Horizon Funds </font></b></p>

<p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;"><b><font face="Courier New" lang=EN-US style="font-size:12.0pt;">Vanguard Index Funds</font></b></p>

<p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;"><b><font face="Courier New" lang=EN-US style="font-size:12.0pt;">Vanguard Institutional Index Funds </font></b></p>

<p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;"><b><font face="Courier New" lang=EN-US style="font-size:12.0pt;">Vanguard International Equity Index Funds </font></b></p>

<p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;"><b><font face="Courier New" lang=EN-US style="font-size:12.0pt;">Vanguard Malvern Funds </font></b></p>

<p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;"><b><font face="Courier New" lang=EN-US style="font-size:12.0pt;">Vanguard Massachusetts Tax-Exempt Funds</font></b></p>

<p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;"><b><font face="Courier New" lang=EN-US style="font-size:12.0pt;">Vanguard Money Market Reserves </font></b></p>

<p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;"><b><font face="Courier New" lang=EN-US style="font-size:12.0pt;">Vanguard Montgomery Funds </font></b></p>

<p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;"><b><font face="Courier New" lang=EN-US style="font-size:12.0pt;">Vanguard Morgan Growth Fund</font></b></p>

<p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;"><b><font face="Courier New" lang=EN-US style="font-size:12.0pt;">Vanguard Municipal Bond Funds </font></b></p>

<p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;"><b><font face="Courier New" lang=EN-US style="font-size:12.0pt;">Vanguard New Jersey Tax-Free Funds </font></b></p>

<p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;"><b><font face="Courier New" lang=EN-US style="font-size:12.0pt;">Vanguard New York Tax-Free Funds</font></b></p>

<p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;"><b><font face="Courier New" lang=EN-US style="font-size:12.0pt;">Vanguard Ohio Tax-Free Funds </font></b></p>

<p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;"><b><font face="Courier New" lang=EN-US style="font-size:12.0pt;">Vanguard Pennsylvania Tax-Free Funds </font></b></p>

<p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;"><b><font face="Courier New" lang=EN-US style="font-size:12.0pt;">Vanguard Quantitative Funds </font></b></p>

<p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;"><b><font face="Courier New" lang=EN-US style="font-size:12.0pt;">Vanguard Scottsdale Funds </font></b></p>

<p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;"><b><font face="Courier New" lang=EN-US style="font-size:12.0pt;">Vanguard Specialized Funds</font></b></p>

<p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;"><b><font face="Courier New" lang=EN-US style="font-size:12.0pt;">Vanguard STAR Funds </font></b></p>

<p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;"><b><font face="Courier New" lang=EN-US style="font-size:12.0pt;">Vanguard Tax-Managed Funds</font></b></p>

<p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;"><b><font face="Courier New" lang=EN-US style="font-size:12.0pt;">Vanguard Trustees&#8217; Equity Fund </font></b></p>

<p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;"><b><font face="Courier New" lang=EN-US style="font-size:12.0pt;">Vanguard Valley Forge Funds</font></b></p>

<p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;"><b><font face="Courier New" lang=EN-US style="font-size:12.0pt;">Vanguard Variable Insurance Funds </font></b></p>

<p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;"><b><font face="Courier New" lang=EN-US style="font-size:12.0pt;">Vanguard Wellesley Income Fund</font></b></p>

<p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;"><b><font face="Courier New" lang=EN-US style="font-size:12.0pt;">Vanguard Wellington Fund</font></b></p>


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<p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;"><b><font face="Courier New" lang=EN-US style="font-size:12.0pt;">Vanguard Whitehall Funds </font></b></p>

<p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;"><b><font face="Courier New" lang=EN-US style="font-size:12.0pt;">Vanguard Windsor Funds</font></b></p>

<p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;"><b><font face="Courier New" lang=EN-US style="font-size:12.0pt;">Vanguard World Fund</font></b></p>

<p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;"><font face="Courier New" lang=EN-US style="font-size:12.0pt;">&nbsp;</font></p>

<p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;"><font face="Courier New" lang=EN-US style="font-size:12.0pt;">By</font><b><u><font face="Courier New" lang=EN-US style="font-size:12.0pt;">_</font></u></b><u><font face="Courier New" lang=EN-US style="font-size:12.0pt;">/s/ F. William McNabb III</font></u><b><u><font face="Courier New" lang=EN-US style="font-size:12.0pt;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160; </font></u></b></p>

<p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;"><font face="Courier New" lang=EN-US style="font-size:12.0pt;">Name:&#160; F. William McNabb III</font></p>

<p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;"><font face="Courier New" lang=EN-US style="font-size:12.0pt;">Title:&#160;&#160;&#160; Chairman, President, and Chief Executive Officer</font></p>




<p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;"><font face="Courier New" lang=EN-US style="font-size:12.0pt;">&nbsp;</font></p>


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<p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;"><font face="Courier New" lang=EN-US style="font-size:12.0pt;">CERTIFICATE OF ACKNOWLEDGMENT OF
NOTARY PUBLIC </font></p>

<p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;"><font face="Courier New" lang=EN-US style="font-size:12.0pt;">COMMONWEALTH OF PENNSYLVANIA COUNTY OF CHESTER</font></p>

<p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;"><font face="Courier New" lang=EN-US style="font-size:12.0pt;">&nbsp;</font></p>

<p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;"><font face="Courier New" lang=EN-US style="font-size:12.0pt;">On August 3, 2017, F. William McNabb III has appeared before
me, has proven to be the person named above, and has acknowledged that this
Power of Attorney is his wish. </font></p>

<p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;"><font face="Courier New" lang=EN-US style="font-size:12.0pt;">&nbsp;</font></p>

<p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;"><font face="Courier New" lang=EN-US style="font-size:12.0pt;">&nbsp;</font></p>

<p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;"><font face="Courier New" lang=EN-US style="font-size:12.0pt;">&nbsp;</font></p>

<p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;"><font face="Courier New" lang=EN-US style="font-size:12.0pt;">&#160; </font></p>

<p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;"><b><u><font face="Courier New" lang=EN-US style="font-size:12.0pt;">_</font></u></b><u><font face="Courier New" lang=EN-US style="font-size:12.0pt;">/s/ Susan L. Stapleton&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;  </font></u><font face="Courier New" lang=EN-US style="font-size:12.0pt;">______________&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160; [Seal]</font></p>

<p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;"><font face="Courier New" lang=EN-US style="font-size:12.0pt;">Name: Susan L. Stapleton</font></p>

<p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;"><font face="Courier New" lang=EN-US style="font-size:12.0pt;">Notary Public for the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania</font></p>

<p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;"><font face="Courier New" lang=EN-US style="font-size:12.0pt;">My commission expires: __</font><u><font face="Courier New" lang=EN-US style="font-size:12.0pt;"> 4/22/19</font></u><font face="Courier New" lang=EN-US style="font-size:12.0pt;">_________________</font></p>

<p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;"><font face="Courier New" lang=EN-US style="font-size:12.0pt;">&nbsp;</font></p>

<p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;"><font face="Courier New" lang=EN-US style="font-size:12.0pt;">&nbsp;</font></p>

<p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;"><font face="Courier New" lang=EN-US style="font-size:12.0pt;">&nbsp;</font></p>

<p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;"><font face="Courier New" lang=EN-US style="font-size:12.0pt;">&nbsp;</font></p>

<p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;"><font face="Courier New" lang=EN-US style="font-size:12.0pt;">&nbsp;</font></p>

<p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;"><b><u><font face="Courier New" lang=EN-US style="font-size:12.0pt;">_</font></u></b><u><font face="Courier New" lang=EN-US style="font-size:12.0pt;">/s/ Alison Latta &#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160; </font></u><font face="Courier New" lang=EN-US style="font-size:12.0pt;">_______________</font></p>

<p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;"><font face="Courier New" lang=EN-US style="font-size:12.0pt;">Name: Alison Latta</font></p>

<p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;"><font face="Courier New" lang=EN-US style="font-size:12.0pt;">Witness</font></p>

<p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;"><font face="Courier New" lang=EN-US style="font-size:12.0pt;">&nbsp;</font></p>

<p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;"><font face="Courier New" lang=EN-US style="font-size:12.0pt;">&nbsp;</font></p>

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<p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;"><b><u><font face="Courier New" lang=EN-US style="font-size:12.0pt;">_</font></u></b><u><font face="Courier New" lang=EN-US style="font-size:12.0pt;">/s/ Toai Chin&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;  &#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160; </font></u><font face="Courier New" lang=EN-US style="font-size:12.0pt;">______________</font></p>

<p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;"><font face="Courier New" lang=EN-US style="font-size:12.0pt;">Name: Toai Chin</font></p>

<p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;"><font face="Courier New" lang=EN-US style="font-size:12.0pt;">Witness</font></p>




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<p align=center style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:center;"><font face="Courier New" lang=EN-US style="font-size:12.0pt;">&nbsp;</font></p>

<p align=center style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:center;"><b><font face="Courier New" lang=EN-US style="font-size:12.0pt;">ACKNOWLEDGMENT </font></b></p>

<p align=center style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:center;"><b><font face="Courier New" lang=EN-US style="font-size:12.0pt;">&nbsp;</font></b></p>

<p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:.5in;"><b><font face="Times New Roman" lang=EN-US style="font-size:10.0pt;">I, Peter Mahoney, have read the attached power of
attorney and am the person identified as the agent for the Principals.&#160; I
hereby acknowledge that when I act as agent I shall act in accordance with the
Principals&#8217; reasonable expectations to the extent actually known by me and,
otherwise, in the Principals&#8217; best interest, act in good faith and act only
within the scope of authority granted to me by the Principals in the power of
attorney.</font></b></p>

<p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;"><b><font face="Courier New" lang=EN-US style="font-size:12.0pt;">&nbsp;</font></b></p>

<p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;"><b><font face="Courier New" lang=EN-US style="font-size:12.0pt;">&nbsp;</font></b></p>

<p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;"><b><font face="Courier New" lang=EN-US style="font-size:12.0pt;">Date:&#160; August 3, 2017</font></b></p>

<p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;"><b><font face="Courier New" lang=EN-US style="font-size:12.0pt;">&nbsp;</font></b></p>

<p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;"><b><font face="Courier New" lang=EN-US style="font-size:12.0pt;">&nbsp;</font></b></p>

<p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;"><b><font face="Courier New" lang=EN-US style="font-size:12.0pt;">&nbsp;</font></b></p>

<p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;"><font face="Courier New" lang=EN-US style="font-size:12.0pt;">By</font><b><u><font face="Courier New" lang=EN-US style="font-size:12.0pt;">_</font></u></b><u><font face="Courier New" lang=EN-US style="font-size:12.0pt;">/s/ Peter Mahoney</font></u><b><u><font face="Courier New" lang=EN-US style="font-size:12.0pt;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160; </font></u></b></p>

<p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;"><b><font face="Courier New" lang=EN-US style="font-size:12.0pt;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160; &#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;Peter Mahoney</font></b></p>

<p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;"><font face="Courier New" lang=EN-US style="font-size:12.0pt;">&nbsp;</font></p>

<p align=center style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:center;"><font face="times new roman" lang=EN-US style="font-size:9.5pt;">&nbsp;</font></p>




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