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Income Taxes (Tables)
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2018
Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]  
Components of Income Tax Expense
Our income tax expense as presented in the consolidated financial statements is summarized as follows:
 
Year Ended December 31,
 
2018
 
2017
 
2016
 
(Dollars in thousands)
Consolidated statements of operations:
 
 
 
 
 
Current income taxes
$
120,289

 
$
188,356

 
$
57,412

Deferred income taxes (benefits)
(12,563
)
 
(46,730
)
 
(10,408
)
Total income tax expense included in consolidated statements of operations
107,726

 
141,626

 
47,004

Stockholders' equity:
 
 
 
 
 
Expense (benefit) relating to:
 
 
 
 
 
Change in net unrealized investment losses
(240,459
)
 
177,162

 
74,471

Share-based compensation

 

 
(527
)
Total income tax expense (benefit) included in consolidated financial statements
$
(132,733
)
 
$
318,788

 
$
120,948

Effective Income Tax Rate Reconciliation
Income tax expense in the consolidated statements of operations differed from the amount computed at the applicable statutory federal income tax rates of 21% for the year ended December 31, 2018 and 35% for the years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016 as follows:
 
Year Ended December 31,
 
2018
 
2017
 
2016
 
(Dollars in thousands)
Income before income taxes
$
565,742

 
$
316,271

 
$
130,247

 
 
 
 
 
 
Income tax expense on income before income taxes
$
118,806

 
$
110,695

 
$
45,586

Tax effect of:
 
 
 
 
 
State income taxes
5,777

 
1,961

 
2,559

Tax exempt net investment income
(4,223
)
 
(4,288
)
 
(2,167
)
Impact of Tax Reform

 
35,932

 

Worthless stock deduction
(7,448
)
 

 

Other
(5,186
)
 
(2,674
)
 
1,026

Income tax expense
$
107,726

 
$
141,626

 
$
47,004

Effective tax rate
19.0
%
 
44.8
%
 
36.1
%
Deferred Tax Assets and Liabilities
The tax effects of temporary differences that give rise to the deferred tax assets and liabilities at December 31, 2018 and 2017, are as follows:
 
December 31,
 
2018
 
2017
 
(Dollars in thousands)
Deferred income tax assets:
 
 
 
Policy benefit reserves
$
1,538,371

 
$
1,842,049

Other than temporary impairments
9,804

 
11,262

Net unrealized losses on available for sale securities
19,928

 

Derivative instruments
141,075

 

Amounts due reinsurer

 
6,852

Other policyholder funds
3,368

 
3,724

Deferred compensation
3,334

 
3,827

Share-based compensation
3,169

 
3,383

State net operating loss carryforwards
2,286

 
3,196

Other
9,439

 
10,253

Gross deferred tax assets
1,730,774

 
1,884,546

Deferred income tax liabilities:
 
 
 
Deferred policy acquisition costs and deferred sales inducements
(1,214,998
)
 
(1,212,509
)
Net unrealized gains on available for sale fixed maturity and equity securities

 
(220,533
)
Derivative instruments

 
(179,776
)
Policy benefit reserves
(172,578
)
 
(197,233
)
Investment income items
(37,795
)
 
(34,849
)
Amounts due reinsurer
(12,620
)
 

Other
(1,614
)
 
(1,499
)
Gross deferred tax liabilities
(1,439,605
)
 
(1,846,399
)
Net deferred income tax asset
$
291,169

 
$
38,147