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Income Taxes (Tables)
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2021
Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]  
Components of Income Tax Expense Our income tax expense as presented in the consolidated financial statements is summarized as follows:
Year Ended December 31,
202120202019
(Dollars in thousands)
Consolidated statements of operations:
Current income taxes$332 $3,430 $12,528 
Deferred income taxes128,423 141,071 56,947 
Total income tax expense included in consolidated statements of operations128,755 144,501 69,475 
Stockholders' equity:
Expense (benefit) relating to:
Adoption of expected credit loss model— (2,543)— 
Change in net unrealized investment losses(90,284)225,746 372,472 
Total income tax expense included in consolidated financial statements$38,471 $367,704 $441,947 
Effective Income Tax Rate Reconciliation
Income tax expense in the consolidated statements of operations differed from the amount computed at the applicable statutory federal income tax rates of 21% for the years ended December 31, 2021, 2020, and 2019 as follows:
Year Ended December 31,
202120202019
(Dollars in thousands)
Income before income taxes$602,747 $815,961 $315,565 
Income tax expense on income before income taxes$126,577 $171,352 $66,269 
Tax effect of:
State income taxes5,239 5,749 5,111 
Tax exempt net investment income(4,715)(4,602)(4,385)
Tax rate differential on net operating loss carryback— (30,041)— 
Other1,654 2,043 2,480 
Income tax expense$128,755 $144,501 $69,475 
Effective tax rate21.4 %17.7 %22.0 %
Deferred Tax Assets and Liabilities The tax effects of temporary differences that give rise to the deferred tax assets and liabilities at December 31, 2021 and 2020, are as follows:
December 31,
20212020
(Dollars in thousands)
Deferred income tax assets:
Policy benefit reserves$1,373,485 $1,586,000 
Credit losses/Impairments15,275 28,519 
Other policyholder funds3,332 3,789 
Deferred compensation3,434 2,161 
Share-based compensation5,171 2,189 
Net operating loss carryforwards87,314 — 
Other1,140 3,569 
Gross deferred tax assets1,489,151 1,626,227 
Deferred income tax liabilities:
Deferred policy acquisition costs and deferred sales inducements(1,170,859)(1,268,790)
Net unrealized gains on available for sale fixed maturity securities(489,290)(579,766)
Derivative instruments(107,717)(119,444)
Policy benefit reserves(98,616)(123,270)
Investment income items(56,285)(28,719)
Amounts due reinsurer(103,234)(5,636)
Other(5,122)(4,602)
Gross deferred tax liabilities(2,031,123)(2,130,227)
Net deferred income tax liability$(541,972)$(504,000)