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Derivative Instruments | 12 Months Ended
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Dec. 31, 2023
Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities Disclosure [Abstract] |
Derivative Instruments | Derivative Instruments We use derivative instruments to manage risks. We have derivatives that are designated as hedging instruments and others that are not designated as hedging instruments. Any change in the fair value of the derivatives is recognized immediately in the Consolidated Statements of Operations. The notional and fair values of our derivative instruments, including derivative instruments embedded in fixed index annuity contracts, presented in the Consolidated Balance Sheets are as follows:
| December 31, 2023 |  | December 31, 2022
| Notional |  | Fair Value |  | Notional |  | Fair Value
| (Dollars in thousands)
Derivatives designated as hedging instruments |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Assets |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Derivative instruments |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Interest rate swaps | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 408,369 |  |  | $ | 32,769 |
Derivatives not designated as hedging instruments |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Assets |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Derivative instruments |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Call options | $ | 41,547,731 |  |  | $ | 1,207,288 |  |  | $ | 38,927,534 |  |  | $ | 397,789 |
Warrants | — |  |  | — |  |  | 2,020 |  |  | 1,169 |
| $ | 41,547,731 |  |  | $ | 1,207,288 |  |  | $ | 38,929,554 |  |  | $ | 398,958 |
Liabilities |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Policy benefit reserves - annuity products |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Fixed index annuities - embedded derivatives, net |  |  | $ | 5,181,894 |  |  |  |  | $ | 4,820,845 |
Funds withheld for reinsurance liabilities |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Reinsurance related embedded derivative |  |  | (256,776) |  |  |  |  | (441,864) |
|  |  | $ | 4,925,118 |  |  |  |  | $ | 4,378,981 |
Derivatives Designated as Hedging Instruments We used interest rate swaps designated and accounted for as fair value hedges to protect a portfolio of fixed-rate fixed maturity securities against changes in fair value due to changes in interest rates. Our interest rate swap contracts allowed us to pay a fixed rate and receive a floating rate utilizing the Secured Overnight Financing Rate at specified intervals based on a notional amount. Interest rate swaps were carried at fair value and presented as Derivative instruments on the Consolidated Balance Sheets. For derivative instruments that were designated and qualified as a fair value hedge, the gain or loss on the portion of the derivative instrument included in the assessment of hedge effectiveness and the offsetting gain or loss on the hedged item attributable to the hedged risk were recognized in the same line item in the Consolidated Statements of Operations. The change in unrealized gain or loss attributable to interest rate changes on the fixed maturity securities that were designated as part of the hedge are reclassified out of Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) into Change in fair value of derivatives in the Consolidated Statements of Operations. The remaining change in unrealized gain or loss on the hedged item not associated with the risk being hedged was recognized as a component of Other comprehensive income. The following represents the amortized cost and cumulative fair value hedging adjustments included in the hedged assets:
Line Item in the Consolidated Balance Sheets in Which Hedged Item is Included |  | Amortized Cost of Hedged Item |  | Cumulative Amount of Fair Value Basis Adjustment Gain (Loss)
|  | December 31, 2023 |  | December 31, 2022 |  | December 31, 2023 |  | December 31, 2022
(Dollars in thousands)
Fixed maturities, available for sale: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Current hedging relationships |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 389,060 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | (39,128) |
Discontinued hedging relationships |  | 1,261,509 |  |  | 1,594,736 |  |  | (62,385) |  |  | (94,681) |
The following represents a summary of the gains (losses) related to the derivatives and hedged items that qualify for fair value hedge accounting:
| Derivative |  | Hedged Item |  | Net |  | Amount Excluded: Recognized in Income Immediately
(Dollars in thousands)
For the year ended December 31, 2023 |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Interest rate swaps | $ | 5,856 |  |  | $ | 3,240 |  |  | $ | 9,096 |  |  | $ | — |
For the year ended December 31, 2022 |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Interest rate swaps | $ | 215,587 |  |  | $ | (249,168) |  |  | $ | (33,581) |  |  | $ | 13,957 |
For the year ended December 31, 2021 |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Interest rate swaps | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |
Derivatives Not Designated as Hedging Instruments We have fixed index annuity products that guarantee the return of principal to the policyholder and credit interest based on a percentage of the gain in a specified market index. When fixed index annuity deposits are received, a portion of the deposit is used to purchase derivatives consisting of call options on the applicable market indices to fund the index credits due to fixed index annuity policyholders. Substantially all such call options are one year options purchased to match the funding requirements of the underlying policies. The call options are marked to fair value with the change in fair value included as a component of revenues. The change in fair value of derivatives includes the gains or losses recognized at the expiration of the option term and the changes in fair value for open positions. On the respective anniversary dates of the index policies, the index used to compute the index credit is reset and we purchase new call options to fund the next index credit. We manage the cost of these purchases through the terms of our fixed index annuities, which permit us to change caps, participation rates, and/or asset fees, subject to guaranteed minimums on each policy's anniversary date. By adjusting caps, participation rates, or asset fees, we can generally manage option costs except in cases where the contractual features would prevent further modifications. The changes in fair value of derivatives not designated as hedging instruments included in the Consolidated Statements of Operations are as follows:
| Year Ended December 31,
| 2023 |  | 2022 |  | 2020
| (Dollars in thousands)
Change in fair value of derivatives: |  |  |  |  |
Call options | $ | 248,744 |  |  | $ | (1,118,768) |  |  | $ | 1,347,925 |
Warrants | 1,206 |  |  | 264 |  |  | 810 |
Interest rate swaps | — |  |  | 13,957 |  |  | — |
| $ | 249,950 |  |  | $ | (1,104,547) |  |  | $ | 1,348,735 |
Change in fair value of embedded derivatives: |  |  |  |  |
Fixed index annuities - embedded derivatives | $ | 958,488 |  |  | $ | (1,913,096) |  |  | $ | (355,940) |
Reinsurance related embedded derivative | 185,088 |  |  | (439,502) |  |  | (2,362) |
| $ | 1,143,576 |  |  | $ | (2,352,598) |  |  | $ | (358,302) |
Derivative Exposure We attempt to mitigate potential risk of loss due to the nonperformance of the counterparties through a regular monitoring process which evaluates the program's effectiveness. We do not purchase derivative instruments that would require payment or collateral to another institution and our derivative instruments do not contain counterparty credit-risk-related contingent features. We are exposed to risk of loss in the event of nonperformance by the counterparties and, accordingly, we purchase our derivative instruments from multiple counterparties and evaluate the creditworthiness of all counterparties prior to purchase of the contracts. All non-exchange traded derivative instruments have been purchased from nationally recognized financial institutions with a Standard and Poor's credit rating of A- or higher at the time of purchase and the maximum credit exposure to any single counterparty is subject to concentration limits. Both our call options and interest rate swaps fall under the same credit support agreements with each counterparty that allow us to request the counterparty to provide collateral to us when the fair value of our exposure to the counterparty exceeds specified amounts. The notional amount and fair value of our call options and interest rate swaps by counterparty and each counterparty's current credit rating are as follows:
|  |  |  |  |  | December 31,
|  |  |  |  |  | 2023 |  | 2022
Counterparty |  | Credit Rating (S&P) |  | Credit Rating (Moody's) |  | Notional Amount |  | Fair Value |  | Notional Amount |  | Fair Value
|  |  |  |  |  | (Dollars in thousands)
Bank of America |  | A+ |  | Aa1 |  | $ | 5,090,138 |  |  | $ | 101,863 |  |  | $ | 3,574,125 |  |  | $ | 26,080 |
Barclays |  | A+ |  | A1 |  | 1,787,748 |  |  | 60,495 |  |  | 3,686,896 |  |  | 39,657 |
Canadian Imperial Bank of Commerce |  | A+ |  | Aa2 |  | 1,438,835 |  |  | 48,660 |  |  | 2,707,734 |  |  | 34,218 |
Citibank, N.A. |  | A+ |  | Aa3 |  | 3,042,872 |  |  | 61,580 |  |  | 3,748,162 |  |  | 29,873 |
Credit Suisse |  | A+ |  | A3 |  | 378,613 |  |  | 7,130 |  |  | 2,086,470 |  |  | 20,691 |
Goldman Sachs |  | A+ |  | A1 |  | 250,609 |  |  | 2,958 |  |  | — |  |  | — |
J.P. Morgan |  | A+ |  | Aa2 |  | 4,389,528 |  |  | 91,162 |  |  | 6,501,103 |  |  | 69,006 |
Mizuho |  | A |  | A1 |  | 10,450,652 |  |  | 358,820 |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Morgan Stanley |  | A+ |  | Aa3 |  | 1,459,836 |  |  | 30,590 |  |  | 2,957,389 |  |  | 38,470 |
Royal Bank of Canada |  | AA- |  | A1 |  | 3,752,133 |  |  | 138,639 |  |  | 4,378,132 |  |  | 58,026 |
Societe Generale |  | A |  | A1 |  | 3,048,268 |  |  | 86,041 |  |  | 2,099,081 |  |  | 17,157 |
Truist |  | A |  | A2 |  | 1,500,167 |  |  | 50,502 |  |  | 1,960,787 |  |  | 32,885 |
UBS AG |  | A+ |  | Aa3 |  | 1,954,997 |  |  | 51,108 |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Wells Fargo |  | A+ |  | Aa2 |  | 2,998,787 |  |  | 117,626 |  |  | 5,436,824 |  |  | 61,840 |
Exchange traded |  |  |  |  |  | 4,548 |  |  | 114 |  |  | 199,200 |  |  | 2,655 |
|  |  |  |  |  | $ | 41,547,731 |  |  | $ | 1,207,288 |  |  | $ | 39,335,903 |  |  | $ | 430,558 |
As of December 31, 2023 and 2022, we held $1.2 billion and $0.4 billion, respectively, of cash and cash equivalents and other investments from counterparties for derivative collateral, which is included in Other liabilities on our Consolidated Balance Sheets. This derivative collateral limits the maximum amount of economic loss due to credit risk that we would incur if the counterparties failed completely to perform according to the terms of the contracts to $3.5 million and $3.3 million at December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively. The future index credits on our fixed index annuities are treated as a "series of embedded derivatives" over the expected life of the applicable contract. We do not purchase call options to fund the index liabilities which may arise after the next policy anniversary date. We must value both the call options and the related forward embedded options in the policies at fair value. We cede certain fixed index annuity product liabilities to third party reinsurers on a modified coinsurance basis which results in an embedded derivative. The obligation to pay the total return on the assets supporting liabilities associated with this reinsurance agreement represents a total return swap. The fair value of the total return swap is based on the unrealized gains and losses of the underlying assets held in the modified coinsurance portfolio. The reinsurance related embedded derivative is reported in Funds withheld for reinsurance liabilities on the Consolidated Balance Sheets and the change in the fair value of the embedded derivative is reported in Change in fair value of embedded derivatives on the Consolidated Statements of Operations. See Note 9 - Reinsurance and Policy Provisions for further discussion on these reinsurance agreements.

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- Definition The entire disclosure for derivative instruments and hedging activities including, but not limited to, risk management strategies, non-hedging derivative instruments, assets, liabilities, revenue and expenses, and methodologies and assumptions used in determining the amounts. + References Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef -Topic 815 -SubTopic 40 -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Section 50 -Paragraph 5 -Subparagraph (f) -Publisher FASB -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147480237/815-40-50-5 Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef -Topic 815 -SubTopic 10 -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Section 50 -Paragraph 5C -Subparagraph (b) -Publisher FASB -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147480434/815-10-50-5C Reference 3: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef -Topic 815 -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Publisher FASB -URI https://asc.fasb.org//815/tableOfContent + Details
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