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Investments (Tables) | 12 Months Ended
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Dec. 31, 2023
Investments [Abstract] |
Schedule of Fixed Maturity Securities | At December 31, 2023 and 2022, the amortized cost and fair value of fixed maturity securities were as follows:
| Amortized Cost (1) |  | Gross Unrealized Gains |  | Gross Unrealized Losses (2) |  | Allowance for Credit Losses |  | Fair Value
| (Dollars in thousands)
December 31, 2023 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Fixed maturity securities, available for sale: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
U.S. Government and agencies | $ | 172,683 |  |  | $ | 606 |  |  | $ | (2,148) |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 171,141 |
States, municipalities and territories | 3,654,571 |  |  | 17,477 |  |  | (573,108) |  |  | — |  |  | 3,098,940 |
Foreign corporate securities and foreign governments | 563,890 |  |  | 1,669 |  |  | (71,820) |  |  | — |  |  | 493,739 |
Corporate securities | 23,036,862 |  |  | 175,014 |  |  | (2,605,048) |  |  | (3,412) |  |  | 20,603,416 |
Residential mortgage backed securities | 1,503,639 |  |  | 11,598 |  |  | (112,736) |  |  | — |  |  | 1,402,501 |
Commercial mortgage backed securities | 3,405,647 |  |  | 995 |  |  | (454,095) |  |  | — |  |  | 2,952,547 |
Other asset backed securities | 6,200,170 |  |  | 30,530 |  |  | (171,884) |  |  | (618) |  |  | 6,058,198 |
| $ | 38,537,462 |  |  | $ | 237,889 |  |  | $ | (3,990,839) |  |  | $ | (4,030) |  |  | $ | 34,780,482 |
December 31, 2022 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Fixed maturity securities, available for sale: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
U.S. Government and agencies | $ | 173,638 |  |  | $ | 70 |  |  | $ | (4,637) |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 169,071 |
States, municipalities and territories | 4,356,251 |  |  | 41,565 |  |  | (574,834) |  |  | — |  |  | 3,822,982 |
Foreign corporate securities and foreign governments | 748,770 |  |  | 11,661 |  |  | (83,579) |  |  | — |  |  | 676,852 |
Corporate securities | 27,706,440 |  |  | 146,065 |  |  | (3,687,370) |  |  | (3,214) |  |  | 24,161,921 |
Residential mortgage backed securities | 1,492,242 |  |  | 11,870 |  |  | (126,368) |  |  | (133) |  |  | 1,377,611 |
Commercial mortgage backed securities | 4,098,755 |  |  | 493 |  |  | (411,770) |  |  | — |  |  | 3,687,478 |
Other asset backed securities | 6,289,923 |  |  | 14,068 |  |  | (395,289) |  |  | — |  |  | 5,908,702 |
| $ | 44,866,019 |  |  | $ | 225,792 |  |  | $ | (5,283,847) |  |  | $ | (3,347) |  |  | $ | 39,804,617 |
(1)Amortized cost excludes accrued interest receivable of $360.9 million and $425.4 million as of December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively. (2)Gross unrealized losses are net of allowance for credit losses.
Schedule of Fixed Maturity Securities by Contractual Maturity Date | The amortized cost and fair value of fixed maturity securities at December 31, 2023, by contractual maturity are shown below. Actual maturities will differ from contractual maturities because borrowers may have the right to call or prepay obligations with or without call or prepayment penalties. All of our mortgage and other asset backed securities provide for periodic payments throughout their lives and are shown below as separate lines.
| Available for sale
| Amortized Cost |  | Fair Value
| (Dollars in thousands)
Due in one year or less | $ | 1,371,424 |  |  | $ | 1,368,322 |
Due after one year through five years | 4,924,030 |  |  | 4,787,802 |
Due after five years through ten years | 4,686,405 |  |  | 4,325,294 |
Due after ten years through twenty years | 7,569,350 |  |  | 6,754,603 |
Due after twenty years | 8,876,797 |  |  | 7,131,215 |
| 27,428,006 |  |  | 24,367,236 |
Residential mortgage backed securities | 1,503,639 |  |  | 1,402,501 |
Commercial mortgage backed securities | 3,405,647 |  |  | 2,952,547 |
Other asset backed securities | 6,200,170 |  |  | 6,058,198 |
| $ | 38,537,462 |  |  | $ | 34,780,482 |
Net Unrealized Gains (Losses) on Investments Reported as Separate Component of Stockholders' Equity | Net unrealized losses on investments reported as a separate component of stockholders' equity were comprised of the following:
| December 31,
| 2023 |  | 2022
| (Dollars in thousands)
Net unrealized losses on investments | $ | (3,755,689) |  |  | $ | (5,065,422) |
Deferred income tax valuation allowance reversal | 22,534 |  |  | 22,534 |
Deferred income tax expense | 788,236 |  |  | 1,063,441 |
Net unrealized losses reported as accumulated other comprehensive loss | $ | (2,944,919) |  |  | $ | (3,979,447) |
Credit Quality of Fixed Maturity Security Portfolio by NAIC Designation | The following table summarizes the credit quality, as determined by NAIC designation, of our fixed maturity portfolio as of the dates indicated:
|  | December 31,
|  | 2023 |  | 2022
NAIC Designation (1) |  | Amortized Cost |  | Fair Value |  | Amortized Cost |  | Fair Value
|  | (Dollars in thousands)
1 |  | $ | 22,493,843 |  |  | $ | 20,209,842 |  |  | $ | 27,061,903 |  |  | $ | 24,211,086 |
2 |  | 14,910,687 |  |  | 13,529,169 |  |  | 17,023,157 |  |  | 14,944,131 |
3 |  | 583,131 |  |  | 527,556 |  |  | 595,193 |  |  | 510,392 |
4 |  | 201,610 |  |  | 168,191 |  |  | 109,409 |  |  | 91,495 |
5 |  | 88,581 |  |  | 68,538 |  |  | 61,721 |  |  | 36,738 |
6 |  | 9,400 |  |  | 10,132 |  |  | 14,636 |  |  | 10,775 |
|  | $ | 38,287,252 |  |  | $ | 34,513,428 |  |  | $ | 44,866,019 |  |  | $ | 39,804,617 |
(1)The table excludes residual tranche securities that are not rated with an amortized cost of $250,210 and fair value of $267,054 as of December 31, 2023.
Schedule of Unrealized Gain (Loss) on Investments | The following table shows our investments' gross unrealized losses and fair value, aggregated by investment category and length of time that individual securities (consisting of 3,639 and 4,510 securities, respectively) have been in a continuous unrealized loss position, at December 31, 2023 and 2022:
| Less than 12 months |  | 12 months or more |  | Total
| Fair Value |  | Unrealized Losses (1) |  | Fair Value |  | Unrealized Losses (1) |  | Fair Value |  | Unrealized Losses (1)
| (Dollars in thousands)
December 31, 2023 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Fixed maturity securities, available for sale: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
U.S. Government and agencies | $ | 55,087 |  |  | $ | (279) |  |  | $ | 47,639 |  |  | $ | (1,869) |  |  | $ | 102,726 |  |  | $ | (2,148) |
States, municipalities and territories | 451,091 |  |  | (44,832) |  |  | 2,290,704 |  |  | (528,276) |  |  | 2,741,795 |  |  | (573,108) |
Foreign corporate securities and foreign governments | 1,555 |  |  | (195) |  |  | 427,021 |  |  | (71,625) |  |  | 428,576 |  |  | (71,820) |
Corporate securities | 3,275,031 |  |  | (237,744) |  |  | 13,625,542 |  |  | (2,367,304) |  |  | 16,900,573 |  |  | (2,605,048) |
Residential mortgage backed securities | 145,093 |  |  | (7,614) |  |  | 858,821 |  |  | (105,122) |  |  | 1,003,914 |  |  | (112,736) |
Commercial mortgage backed securities | 431,947 |  |  | (69,007) |  |  | 2,416,868 |  |  | (385,088) |  |  | 2,848,815 |  |  | (454,095) |
Other asset backed securities | 968,026 |  |  | (29,606) |  |  | 3,057,618 |  |  | (142,278) |  |  | 4,025,644 |  |  | (171,884) |
| $ | 5,327,830 |  |  | $ | (389,277) |  |  | $ | 22,724,213 |  |  | $ | (3,601,562) |  |  | $ | 28,052,043 |  |  | $ | (3,990,839) |
December 31, 2022 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Fixed maturity securities, available for sale: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
U.S. Government and agencies | $ | 160,201 |  |  | $ | (4,512) |  |  | $ | 908 |  |  | $ | (125) |  |  | $ | 161,109 |  |  | $ | (4,637) |
States, municipalities and territories | 2,595,122 |  |  | (537,313) |  |  | 95,184 |  |  | (37,521) |  |  | 2,690,306 |  |  | (574,834) |
Foreign corporate securities and foreign governments | 522,826 |  |  | (76,957) |  |  | 21,816 |  |  | (6,622) |  |  | 544,642 |  |  | (83,579) |
Corporate securities | 18,784,181 |  |  | (3,218,323) |  |  | 1,411,177 |  |  | (469,047) |  |  | 20,195,358 |  |  | (3,687,370) |
Residential mortgage backed securities | 992,783 |  |  | (101,100) |  |  | 116,388 |  |  | (25,268) |  |  | 1,109,171 |  |  | (126,368) |
Commercial mortgage backed securities | 2,941,293 |  |  | (302,513) |  |  | 651,923 |  |  | (109,257) |  |  | 3,593,216 |  |  | (411,770) |
Other asset backed securities | 2,561,390 |  |  | (162,821) |  |  | 1,924,026 |  |  | (232,468) |  |  | 4,485,416 |  |  | (395,289) |
| $ | 28,557,796 |  |  | $ | (4,403,539) |  |  | $ | 4,221,422 |  |  | $ | (880,308) |  |  | $ | 32,779,218 |  |  | $ | (5,283,847) |
(1)Unrealized losses have been reduced to reflect the allowance for credit losses of $4.0 million and $3.3 million as of December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively. Changes in net unrealized gains/losses on investments for the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021 are as follows:
| Year Ended December 31,
| 2023 |  | 2022 |  | 2021
| (Dollars in thousands)
Fixed maturity securities available for sale carried at fair value | $ | 1,309,733 |  |  | $ | (9,375,028) |  |  | $ | (987,434) |
Adjustment for effect on other balance sheet accounts: |  |  |  |  |
Deferred income tax asset/liability | (275,205) |  |  | 1,968,488 |  |  | 207,361 |
| (275,205) |  |  | 1,968,488 |  |  | 207,361 |
Change in net unrealized gains/losses on investments carried at fair value | $ | 1,034,528 |  |  | $ | (7,406,540) |  |  | $ | (780,073) |
Components of Net Investment Income | Components of net investment income are as follows:
| Year Ended December 31,
| 2023 |  | 2022 |  | 2021
| (Dollars in thousands)
Fixed maturity securities | $ | 1,653,897 |  |  | $ | 1,849,915 |  |  | $ | 1,772,675 |
Real estate investments | (7,303) |  |  | 40,243 |  |  | 14,138 |
Mortgage loans on real estate | 404,303 |  |  | 301,118 |  |  | 215,138 |
Cash and cash equivalents | 208,923 |  |  | 24,985 |  |  | 3,385 |
Limited partnerships and limited liability companies | 112,612 |  |  | 188,131 |  |  | 67,157 |
Other investments | 43,510 |  |  | 49,537 |  |  | 29,399 |
| 2,415,942 |  |  | 2,453,929 |  |  | 2,101,892 |
Less: investment expenses | (143,144) |  |  | (146,466) |  |  | (64,417) |
Net investment income | $ | 2,272,798 |  |  | $ | 2,307,463 |  |  | $ | 2,037,475 |
Net Realized Gains (Losses) on Investments | Net realized losses on investments for the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021 are as follows:
| Year Ended December 31,
| 2023 |  | 2022 |  | 2021
| (Dollars in thousands)
Available for sale fixed maturity securities: |  |  |  |  |
Gross realized gains | $ | 137,901 |  |  | $ | 139,819 |  |  | $ | 10,167 |
Gross realized losses | (179,479) |  |  | (153,712) |  |  | (19,140) |
Net credit loss (provision) | (47,471) |  |  | (15,536) |  |  | (6,241) |
| (89,049) |  |  | (29,429) |  |  | (15,214) |
Other investments: |  |  |  |  |
Gross realized gains | 2,210 |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Gross realized losses | (5,199) |  |  | — |  |  | — |
| (2,989) |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Mortgage loans on real estate: |  |  |  |  |
Decrease (increase) in allowance for credit losses | 252 |  |  | (15,126) |  |  | 7,005 |
Recovery of specific allowance | — |  |  | 1,677 |  |  | — |
Loss on sale of mortgage loans | (7,417) |  |  | (4,970) |  |  | (5,033) |
| (7,165) |  |  | (18,419) |  |  | 1,972 |
Total net realized losses | $ | (99,203) |  |  | $ | (47,848) |  |  | $ | (13,242) |
Non-Income Producing Investments | The following table summarizes the carrying value of our investments that have been non-income producing for 12 consecutive months:
| December 31,
| 2023 |  | 2022
| (Dollars in thousands)
Fixed maturity securities, available for sale | $ | 1,711 |  |  | $ | 10,708 |
Mortgage loans on real estate | 14,479 |  |  | 1,483 |
Real estate owned | 3,629 |  |  | — |
| $ | 19,819 |  |  | $ | 12,191 |
Rollforward of Allowance for Credit Loss | The following table provides a rollforward of the allowance for credit loss:
| Year Ended December 31, 2023
| States, Municipalities and Territories |  | Corporate Securities |  |  |  | Residential Mortgage Backed Securities |  | Other Asset Backed Securities |  | Total
| (Dollars in thousands)
Beginning balance | $ | — |  |  | $ | 3,214 |  |  |  |  | $ | 133 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 3,347 |
Additions for credit losses not previously recorded | — |  |  | — |  |  |  |  | 97 |  |  | 947 |  |  | 1,044 |
Change in allowance on securities with previous allowance | — |  |  | 198 |  |  |  |  | (230) |  |  | (329) |  |  | (361) |
Reduction for securities sold during the period | — |  |  | — |  |  |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Ending balance | $ | — |  |  | $ | 3,412 |  |  |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 618 |  |  | $ | 4,030 |
| Year Ended December 31, 2022
| States, Municipalities and Territories |  | Corporate Securities |  |  |  | Residential Mortgage Backed Securities |  | Other Asset Backed Securities |  | Total
| (Dollars in thousands)
Beginning balance | $ | 2,776 |  |  | $ | — |  |  |  |  | $ | 70 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 2,846 |
Additions for credit losses not previously recorded | — |  |  | 3,825 |  |  |  |  | 1,070 |  |  | — |  |  | 4,895 |
Change in allowance on securities with previous allowance | (2,776) |  |  | (611) |  |  |  |  | (579) |  |  | — |  |  | (3,966) |
Reduction for securities sold during the period | — |  |  | — |  |  |  |  | (428) |  |  | — |  |  | (428) |
Ending balance | $ | — |  |  | $ | 3,214 |  |  |  |  | $ | 133 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 3,347 |

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