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Income Taxes (Tables)
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2023
Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]  
Components of Income Tax Expense Our income tax expense as presented in the consolidated financial statements is summarized as follows:
Year Ended December 31,
202320222021
(Dollars in thousands)
Consolidated statements of operations:
Current income taxes$16,998 $20,209 $332 
Deferred income taxes68,135 490,926 149,431 
Total income tax expense included in consolidated statements of operations85,133 511,135 149,763 
Stockholders' equity:
Expense (benefit) relating to:
Changes in other comprehensive income203,640 (1,843,635)207,353 
Total income tax expense included in consolidated financial statements$288,773 $(1,332,500)$357,116 
Effective Income Tax Rate Reconciliation
Income tax expense in the consolidated statements of operations differed from the amount computed at the applicable statutory federal income tax rates of 21% for the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022, and 2021 as follows:
Year Ended December 31,
202320222021
(Dollars in thousands)
Income before income taxes$297,052 $2,431,712 $702,786 
Income tax expense on income before income taxes$62,381 $510,660 $147,585 
Tax effect of:
State income taxes2,570 2,564 5,239 
Tax exempt net investment income(632)(4,065)(4,715)
Non-deductible compensation
20,393 1,182 1,062 
Other421 794 592 
Income tax expense$85,133 $511,135 $149,763 
Effective tax rate28.7 %21.0 %21.3 %
Deferred Tax Assets and Liabilities The tax effects of temporary differences that give rise to the deferred tax assets and liabilities at December 31, 2023 and 2022, are as follows:
December 31,
20232022
(Dollars in thousands)
Deferred income tax assets:
Net unrealized losses on available for sale fixed maturity securities$788,236 $1,063,441 
Investment income items425,940 — 
Amounts due reinsurer1,208,471 1,030,759 
Other policyholder funds— 358 
Deferred compensation1,521 3,866 
Share-based compensation2,828 422 
Net operating loss carryforwards106,502 50,913 
Capital loss carryforwards
38,916 — 
Other15,835 71,417 
Gross deferred tax assets2,588,249 2,221,176 
Deferred income tax liabilities:
Deferred policy acquisition costs and deferred sales inducements(1,095,569)(976,103)
Derivative instruments(217,220)(145,785)
Policy benefit reserves(1,114,394)(612,454)
Investment income items— (28,778)
Other(8,414)(19,622)
Gross deferred tax liabilities(2,435,597)(1,782,742)
Net deferred income tax asset
$152,652 $438,434