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Variable Interest Entities
3 Months Ended
Mar. 31, 2024
Organization, Consolidation and Presentation of Financial Statements [Abstract]  
Variable Interest Entities Variable Interest Entities
We have relationships with various types of entities which may be VIEs. Certain VIEs are consolidated in our financial results.
Consolidated Variable Interest Entities
We are invested in multiple investment company real estate limited partnerships which own various limited liability companies that invest in residential real estate properties and one real estate limited liability company that invests in a commercial real estate property. These entities are VIE's as the legal entities equity investors have insufficient equity at risk and lack of power to direct the activities that most significantly impact the economic performance. We determined we are the primary beneficiary as a result of our power to control the entities through our significant ownership. Due to the nature of the investment company real estate investments, the investments balance will fluctuate based on changes in the fair value of the properties as well as when purchases and sales of properties are made. The investment balance in the commercial real estate property is held at depreciated cost, and is expected to decrease over time.
We are invested in two investment company limited liability companies that invest in operating entities which hold multifamily real estate properties. The entities are VIEs and we have determined we are the primary beneficiary as a result of our power to control the entities through our significant ownership. The investment balance, which represent equity interests in the investment company limited liability companies, fluctuate based on changes in the fair value of the properties and the performance of the operating entities.
We are invested in a limited partnership feeder fund which invests in a separate limited partnership fund, which holds infrastructure credit assets. The feeder fund limited partnership is a VIE, and we determined we are the primary beneficiary as a result of our significant ownership of the limited partnership and our obligation to absorb losses or receive benefits from the VIE. We have consolidated the assets and liabilities of the limited partnership, which primarily consists of equity interest in a limited partnership.
We are invested in one investment company limited partnership which holds residual interest investments. The entity is a VIE as we have determined we are the primary beneficiary. Because the limited partnership is an investment, changes in fair value of the underlying residual interest investments are reported as a component of net investment income.
We are invested in one investment company limited liability company that invests in core infrastructure assets typically held through an interest in limited liability companies. The entity is a VIE and we have determined we are the primary beneficiary as a result of our power to control the entity through significant ownership and our obligation to absorb losses or receive benefits from the VIE. The VIE meets the definition of an investment company, which requires the investment balance to be held at fair value.
The carrying amounts of our consolidated VIE assets, which can only be used to settle obligations of the consolidated VIEs, and liabilities of consolidated VIEs for which creditors do not have recourse were as follows:
March 31, 2024December 31, 2023
Total
Assets
Total
Liabilities
Total
Assets
Total
Liabilities
(Dollars in thousands)
Real estate investments$1,408,777 $79,501 $1,383,120 $92,299 
Real estate limited liability companies33,421 138 47,005 149 
Limited partnership funds359,768 216 353,610 289 
Residual interest
150,001 — — — 
Infrastructure limited liability companies110,904 772 107,942 783 
$2,062,871 $80,627 $1,891,677 $93,520 
Unconsolidated Variable Interest Entities
We provided debt funding to various special purpose vehicles, which are used to acquire and hold various types of loans or receivables. These legal entities are deemed VIEs because there is insufficient equity at risk. We have determined we are not the primary beneficiary as we do not control the activities that most significantly impact the economic performance of the VIEs. Our investments in these VIEs are reported in Fixed maturity securities, available for sale in the Consolidated Balance Sheets.
The carrying value and maximum loss exposure for our unconsolidated VIEs were as follows:
March 31, 2024December 31, 2023
Asset
Carrying Value
Maximum
Exposure to Loss
Asset
Carrying Value
Maximum
Exposure to Loss
(Dollars in thousands)
Fixed maturity securities, available for sale$2,304,405 $2,304,405 $2,438,074 $2,438,074