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Income taxes - Reconciliation of statutory tax rate to effective tax rate (Details) - USD ($)
$ in Millions
 12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2019
Dec. 31, 2018
Dec. 31, 2017
Dec. 31, 2016
Reconciliation of accounting profit multiplied by applicable tax rates [abstract]        
Income/(loss) before tax $ 9,292 $ 18,874 $ 13,420  
Calculated income tax at statutory rate (2,284) (5,197) (3,827)  
Calculated Norwegian Petroleum tax (5,499) (8,189) (5,945)  
Tax effect uplift 632 736 784  
Tax effect of permanent differences regarding divestments 380 400 (85)  
Tax effect of permanent differences caused by functional currency different from tax currency 8 116 (229)  
Tax effect of other permanent differences 395 337 291  
Tax effect of dispute with Angolan Ministry of Finance 0 0 496  
Recognition of previously unrecognised deferred tax assets 0 923 0  
Change in unrecognised deferred tax assets (974) 72 (169)  
Change in tax regulations (6) (28) (14)  
Prior period adjustments 47 (148) (224)  
Other items including currency effects (139) (357) 100  
Income tax expense $ (7,441) $ (11,335) $ (8,822)  
Effective tax rate 80.10% 60.10% 65.70%  
Statutory tax rate 24.60% 27.50% 28.50%  
Unrecognised uplift credits $ 1,678 $ 1,780    
Uplift rate, for investments subject to transitional rules 7.50%      
Uplift rate 5.20% 5.30% 5.40% 5.50%
Norway [member]        
Reconciliation of accounting profit multiplied by applicable tax rates [abstract]        
Statutory tax rate 22.00% 23.00% 24.00%  
Petroleum tax rate 56.00% 55.00% 54.00%  
Development and Production International [Member]        
Reconciliation of accounting profit multiplied by applicable tax rates [abstract]        
Recognition of previously unrecognised deferred tax assets   $ 923