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Income taxes - Deferred tax assets and liabilities (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions | Dec. 31, 2020 | Dec. 31, 2019 | Dec. 31, 2018 | Dec. 31, 2017
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Deferred tax assets and liabilities [abstract] |  |  |  |
Deferred tax assets | $ 21,284 | $ 19,291 |  |
Deferred tax liabilities | (27,533) | (24,820) |  |
Net asset (liability) | (6,250) | (5,530) | $ (5,367) | $ (5,213)
Tax losses carried forward [member] |  |  |  |
Deferred tax assets and liabilities [abstract] |  |  |  |
Deferred tax assets | 4,676 | 5,173 |  |
Deferred tax liabilities | 0 | 0 |  |
Net asset (liability) | 4,676 | 5,173 |  |
Property, plant and equipment and intangible assets [Member] |  |  |  |
Deferred tax assets and liabilities [abstract] |  |  |  |
Deferred tax assets | 905 | 369 |  |
Deferred tax liabilities | (26,607) | (24,115) |  |
Net asset (liability) | (25,701) | (23,746) |  |
Asset retirement obligation [member] |  |  |  |
Deferred tax assets and liabilities [abstract] |  |  |  |
Deferred tax assets | 11,205 | 9,397 |  |
Deferred tax liabilities | 0 | 0 |  |
Net asset (liability) | 11,205 | 9,397 |  |
Lease liabilities [member] |  |  |  |
Deferred tax assets and liabilities [abstract] |  |  |  |
Deferred tax assets | 1,869 | 1,898 |  |
Deferred tax liabilities | (4) | 0 |  |
Net asset (liability) | 1,865 | 1,898 |  |
Pensions [member] |  |  |  |
Deferred tax assets and liabilities [abstract] |  |  |  |
Deferred tax assets | 787 | 733 |  |
Deferred tax liabilities | (11) | (13) |  |
Net asset (liability) | 777 | 720 |  |
Derivatives [member] |  |  |  |
Deferred tax assets and liabilities [abstract] |  |  |  |
Deferred tax assets | 30 | 108 |  |
Deferred tax liabilities | (236) | (119) |  |
Net asset (liability) | (206) | (11) |  |
Other [Member] |  |  |  |
Deferred tax assets and liabilities [abstract] |  |  |  |
Deferred tax assets | 1,811 | 1,612 |  |
Deferred tax liabilities | (676) | (573) |  |
Net asset (liability) | $ 1,135 | $ 1,040 |  |

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- Definition The amounts of income taxes recoverable in future periods in respect of: (a) deductible temporary differences; (b) the carryforward of unused tax losses; and (c) the carryforward of unused tax credits. [Refer: Temporary differences [member]; Unused tax credits [member]; Unused tax losses [member]] + References Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef -Name IAS -Number 12 -IssueDate 2019-01-01 -Paragraph 81 -Subparagraph g -Clause i -URI http://eifrs.ifrs.org/eifrs/xifrs-link?type=IAS&num=12&code=ifrs-tx-2019-en-r&anchor=para_81_g_i&doctype=Standard -URIDate 2019-03-27 Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef -Name IAS -Number 1 -IssueDate 2019-01-01 -Paragraph 54 -Subparagraph o -URI http://eifrs.ifrs.org/eifrs/xifrs-link?type=IAS&num=1&code=ifrs-tx-2019-en-r&anchor=para_54_o&doctype=Standard -URIDate 2019-03-27 Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef -Name IAS -Number 1 -IssueDate 2019-01-01 -Paragraph 56 -URI http://eifrs.ifrs.org/eifrs/xifrs-link?type=IAS&num=1&code=ifrs-tx-2019-en-r&anchor=para_56&doctype=Standard -URIDate 2019-03-27 + Details
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- Definition The amounts of income taxes payable in future periods in respect of taxable temporary differences. [Refer: Temporary differences [member]] + References Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef -Name IAS -Number 12 -IssueDate 2019-01-01 -Paragraph 81 -Subparagraph g -Clause i -URI http://eifrs.ifrs.org/eifrs/xifrs-link?type=IAS&num=12&code=ifrs-tx-2019-en-r&anchor=para_81_g_i&doctype=Standard -URIDate 2019-03-27 Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef -Name IAS -Number 1 -IssueDate 2019-01-01 -Paragraph 54 -Subparagraph o -URI http://eifrs.ifrs.org/eifrs/xifrs-link?type=IAS&num=1&code=ifrs-tx-2019-en-r&anchor=para_54_o&doctype=Standard -URIDate 2019-03-27 Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef -Name IAS -Number 1 -IssueDate 2019-01-01 -Paragraph 56 -URI http://eifrs.ifrs.org/eifrs/xifrs-link?type=IAS&num=1&code=ifrs-tx-2019-en-r&anchor=para_56&doctype=Standard -URIDate 2019-03-27 + Details
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