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Income taxes - Reconciliation of statutory tax rate to effective tax rate (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions | 12 Months Ended
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Dec. 31, 2020 | Dec. 31, 2019 | Dec. 31, 2018 | Dec. 31, 2017
Reconciliation of accounting profit multiplied by applicable tax rates [abstract] |  |  |  |
Income/(loss) before tax | $ (4,259) | $ 9,292 | $ 18,874 |
Calculated income tax at statutory rate | 1,445 | (2,284) | (5,197) |
Calculated Norwegian Petroleum tax | (2,126) | (5,499) | (8,189) |
Tax effect uplift | 1,006 | 632 | 736 |
Tax effect of permanent differences regarding divestments | (9) | 380 | 400 |
Tax effect of permanent differences caused by functional currency different from tax currency | (198) | 8 | 116 |
Tax effect of other permanent differences | 450 | 395 | 337 |
Recognition of previously unrecognised deferred tax assets | 130 | 0 | 923 |
Change in unrecognised deferred tax assets | (1,685) | (974) | 72 |
Change in tax regulations | (12) | (6) | (28) |
Prior period adjustments | 408 | 47 | (148) |
Other items including currency effects | (647) | (139) | (357) |
Income tax expense | $ (1,237) | $ (7,441) | $ (11,335) |
Effective tax rate | (29.00%) | 80.10% | 60.10% |
Statutory tax rate | 33.90% | 24.60% | 27.50% |
Allowable uplift rate over a period of four years | 5.20% |  |  |
Unrecognised uplift credits | $ 836 | $ 1,678 |  |
Uplift rate, for investments subject to transitional rules | 7.50% |  |  |
Uplift rate | 24.00% | 5.20% | 5.30% | 5.40%
Norway [member] |  |  |  |
Reconciliation of accounting profit multiplied by applicable tax rates [abstract] |  |  |  |
Statutory tax rate |  | 22.00% | 23.00% |
Petroleum tax rate | 56.00% | 56.00% | 55.00% |
Exploration and Production International [Member] |  |  |  |
Reconciliation of accounting profit multiplied by applicable tax rates [abstract] |  |  |  |
Recognition of previously unrecognised deferred tax assets |  |  | $ 923 |
Minimum [member] |  |  |  |
Reconciliation of accounting profit multiplied by applicable tax rates [abstract] |  |  |  |
Uplift rate | 20.80% |  |  |
Minimum [member] | ForeignCountriesMember |  |  |  |
Reconciliation of accounting profit multiplied by applicable tax rates [abstract] |  |  |  |
Statutory tax rate | 22.00% |  |  |

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- Definition The amount that represents the difference between the tax expense (income) and the product of the accounting profit multiplied by the applicable tax rate(s) that relates to unrecognised differed tax assets. + References No definition available. + Details
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