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Income taxes - Reconciliation of statutory tax rate to effective tax rate (Details) - USD ($)
$ in Millions
 12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2020
Dec. 31, 2019
Dec. 31, 2018
Dec. 31, 2017
Reconciliation of accounting profit multiplied by applicable tax rates [abstract]        
Income/(loss) before tax $ (4,259) $ 9,292 $ 18,874  
Calculated income tax at statutory rate 1,445 (2,284) (5,197)  
Calculated Norwegian Petroleum tax (2,126) (5,499) (8,189)  
Tax effect uplift 1,006 632 736  
Tax effect of permanent differences regarding divestments (9) 380 400  
Tax effect of permanent differences caused by functional currency different from tax currency (198) 8 116  
Tax effect of other permanent differences 450 395 337  
Recognition of previously unrecognised deferred tax assets 130 0 923  
Change in unrecognised deferred tax assets (1,685) (974) 72  
Change in tax regulations (12) (6) (28)  
Prior period adjustments 408 47 (148)  
Other items including currency effects (647) (139) (357)  
Income tax expense $ (1,237) $ (7,441) $ (11,335)  
Effective tax rate (29.00%) 80.10% 60.10%  
Statutory tax rate 33.90% 24.60% 27.50%  
Allowable uplift rate over a period of four years 5.20%      
Unrecognised uplift credits $ 836 $ 1,678    
Uplift rate, for investments subject to transitional rules 7.50%      
Uplift rate 24.00% 5.20% 5.30% 5.40%
Norway [member]        
Reconciliation of accounting profit multiplied by applicable tax rates [abstract]        
Statutory tax rate   22.00% 23.00%  
Petroleum tax rate 56.00% 56.00% 55.00%  
Exploration and Production International [Member]        
Reconciliation of accounting profit multiplied by applicable tax rates [abstract]        
Recognition of previously unrecognised deferred tax assets     $ 923  
Minimum [member]        
Reconciliation of accounting profit multiplied by applicable tax rates [abstract]        
Uplift rate 20.80%      
Minimum [member] | ForeignCountriesMember        
Reconciliation of accounting profit multiplied by applicable tax rates [abstract]        
Statutory tax rate 22.00%