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Pensions - Net pension liability (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2020	Dec. 31, 2019	Dec. 31, 2018	Dec. 31, 2020	Dec. 31, 2019
Disclosure of net defined benefit liability (asset) [line items]
Current service cost	$ 184	$ 206	$ 214
Losses (gains) from curtailment, settlement or plan amendment	0	3	20
Changes in notional contribution liability	55	56	55
Net pension liability				$ (2,981)	$ (2,774)
Represented by
Asset recognised as non-current pension assets (funded plan)				1,310	1,093
Liability recognised as non-current pension liabilities (unfunded plans)				(4,292)	(3,867)
Actual return on assets				501	527
Funded Plan [Member]
Disclosure of net defined benefit liability (asset) [line items]
Defined benefit obligations, beginning balance	4,496
Defined benefit obligations, ending balance	4,927	4,496
Represented by
DBO specified by funded and unfunded pension plans	4,496	4,496		4,927	4,496
Unfunded Plan [Member]
Disclosure of net defined benefit liability (asset) [line items]
Defined benefit obligations, beginning balance	3,867
Defined benefit obligations, ending balance	4,288	3,867
Represented by
DBO specified by funded and unfunded pension plans	3,867	3,867		4,288	3,867
Defined benefit obligations [member]
Disclosure of net defined benefit liability (asset) [line items]
Defined benefit obligations, beginning balance	8,363	8,176
Current service cost	184	206
Interest cost	203	263
Actuarial (gains) losses - Financial assumptions	443	(23)
Actuarial (gains) losses - Experience	(61)	6
Benefits paid	(250)	(236)
Losses (gains) from curtailment, settlement or plan amendment	0	0
Paid-up policies	(7)	(14)
Foreign currency translation	286	(71)
Changes in notional contribution liability	55	56
Defined benefit obligations, ending balance	9,216	8,363	8,176
Represented by
DBO specified by funded and unfunded pension plans	9,216	8,363	8,176	$ 9,216	$ 8,363
Defined benefit plan assets [member]
Disclosure of net defined benefit liability (asset) [line items]
Fair value of plan assets, beginning balance	5,589	5,187
Interest income	117	143
Return on plan assets (excluding interest income)	385	384
Company contributions	96	127
Benefits paid	(113)	(195)
Paid-up policies	(7)	(13)
Foreign currency translation	167	(44)
Fair value of plan assets, ending balance	$ 6,234	$ 5,589	$ 5,187

X

- Definition

The paid-up policy represents an pension earnings which is issued when an employee leaves or withdraws from a defined benefit pension scheme. The pension from the paid-up policy is disbursed from retirement onwards in addition to any other pensions.

+ References

No definition available.

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- Definition

The increase (decrease) in the net defined benefit liability (asset) resulting from interest cost in the current period.

+ References

No definition available.

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The amount represents return on defined benefit plan assets including the interest portion.

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- Definition

The decrease (increase) in a net defined benefit liability (asset) resulting from actuarial gains (losses) arising from changes in financial assumptions that result in remeasurements of the net defined benefit liability (asset). Financial assumptions deal with items such as: (a) the discount rate; (b) benefit levels, excluding any cost of the benefits to be met by employees, and future salary; (c) in the case of medical benefits, future medical costs, including claim handling costs (ie the costs that will be incurred in processing and resolving claims, including legal and adjuster's fees); and (d) taxes payable by the plan on contributions relating to service before the reporting date or on benefits resulting from that service. [Refer: Net defined benefit liability (asset)]

+ References

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The decrease (increase) in a net defined benefit liability (asset) resulting from actuarial gains (losses) arising from experience adjustments that result in remeasurements of the net defined benefit liability (asset). Experience adjustments deal with the effects of differences between the previous actuarial assumptions and what has actually occurred. [Refer: Net defined benefit liability (asset)]

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- Definition

The decrease (increase) in net defined benefit liability (asset) resulting from contributions to a defined benefit plan by the employer. [Refer: Net defined benefit liability (asset); Defined benefit plans [member]]

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The decrease (increase) in the net defined benefit liability (asset) resulting from contributions to a defined benefit plan. [Refer: Net defined benefit liability (asset); Defined benefit plans [member]]

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The increase (decrease) in the net defined benefit liability (asset) resulting from employee service in the current period. [Refer: Net defined benefit liability (asset)]

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Line items represent concepts included in a table. These concepts are used to disclose reportable information associated with domain members defined in one or many axes of the table.

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No definition available.

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- Definition

The decrease (increase) in the net defined benefit liability (asset) resulting from settlements. Settlements are transactions that eliminate all further legal or constructive obligations for part or all of the benefits provided under a defined benefit plan, other than a payment of benefits to, or on behalf of, employees that is set out in the terms of the plan and included in the actuarial assumptions. [Refer: Net defined benefit liability (asset); Defined benefit plans [member]; Actuarial assumptions [member]]

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- Definition

The increase (decrease) in the net defined benefit liability (asset) resulting from changes in foreign exchange rates. [Refer: Net defined benefit liability (asset)]

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- Definition

The increase (decrease) in the net defined benefit liability (asset) resulting from the passage of time. [Refer: Interest expense; Net defined benefit liability (asset)]

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The amount of deficit or surplus in a defined benefit plan, adjusted for any effect of limiting a net defined benefit asset to the asset ceiling. [Refer: Defined benefit plans [member]]

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The amount of non-current net defined benefit asset. [Refer: Net defined benefit asset]

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The amount of non-current net defined benefit liability. [Refer: Net defined benefit liability]

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The decrease (increase) in the net defined benefit liability (asset) resulting from payments from the plan. [Refer: Net defined benefit liability (asset)]

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- Definition

The fair value of defined benefit plan assets. Plan assets comprise assets held by a long-term employee benefit fund and qualifying insurance policies. [Refer: At fair value [member]]

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The decrease (increase) in the net defined benefit liability (asset) resulting from the return on plan assets, excluding amounts included in interest income or expense. The return on plans assets is interest, dividends and other revenue derived from the plan assets, together with realised and unrealised gains or losses on the plan assets, less any costs of managing plan assets and less any tax payable by the plan itself, other than tax included in the actuarial assumptions used to measure the present value of the defined benefit obligation. [Refer: Plan assets [member]; Net defined benefit liability (asset); Actuarial assumptions [member]; Interest expense (income), net defined benefit liability (asset)]

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The fair value of any plan assets, less the present value of the defined benefit obligation. [Refer: Plan assets [member]]

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