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Income taxes - Deferred tax assets and liabilities (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions | Dec. 31, 2021 | Dec. 31, 2020 | Dec. 31, 2019 | Dec. 31, 2018
--- | --- | --- | --- | ---
Deferred tax assets and liabilities [abstract] |  |  |  |
Deferred tax assets | $ 21,484 | $ 22,966 |  |
Deferred tax liabilities | (29,140) | (29,217) |  |
Net asset (liability) | (7,655) | (6,250) | $ (5,530) | $ (5,367)
Tax losses carried forward [member] |  |  |  |
Deferred tax assets and liabilities [abstract] |  |  |  |
Deferred tax assets | 5,162 | 4,676 |  |
Deferred tax liabilities | 0 | 0 |  |
Net asset (liability) | 5,162 | 4,676 |  |
Property, plant and equipment and intangible assets [Member] |  |  |  |
Deferred tax assets and liabilities [abstract] |  |  |  |
Deferred tax assets | 719 | 826 |  |
Deferred tax liabilities | (27,136) | (28,290) |  |
Net asset (liability) | (26,417) | (27,464) |  |
Property, plant and equipment and intangible assets [Member] | Impact of ARO policy change [member] |  |  |  |
Deferred tax assets and liabilities [abstract] |  |  |  |
Net asset (liability) |  | (1,762) |  |
Asset retirement obligation [member] |  |  |  |
Deferred tax assets and liabilities [abstract] |  |  |  |
Deferred tax assets | 11,256 | 12,967 |  |
Deferred tax liabilities | 0 | 0 |  |
Net asset (liability) | 11,256 | 12,967 |  |
Asset retirement obligation [member] | Impact of ARO policy change [member] |  |  |  |
Deferred tax assets and liabilities [abstract] |  |  |  |
Net asset (liability) |  | (1,762) |  |
Lease liabilities [member] |  |  |  |
Deferred tax assets and liabilities [abstract] |  |  |  |
Deferred tax assets | 1,506 | 1,869 |  |
Deferred tax liabilities | 0 | (4) |  |
Net asset (liability) | 1,506 | 1,865 |  |
Pensions [member] |  |  |  |
Deferred tax assets and liabilities [abstract] |  |  |  |
Deferred tax assets | 804 | 787 |  |
Deferred tax liabilities | (21) | (11) |  |
Net asset (liability) | 783 | 777 |  |
Derivatives [member] |  |  |  |
Deferred tax assets and liabilities [abstract] |  |  |  |
Deferred tax assets | 21 | 30 |  |
Deferred tax liabilities | (1,453) | (236) |  |
Net asset (liability) | (1,432) | (206) |  |
Other [Member] |  |  |  |
Deferred tax assets and liabilities [abstract] |  |  |  |
Deferred tax assets | 2,015 | 1,811 |  |
Deferred tax liabilities | (530) | (676) |  |
Net asset (liability) | $ 1,485 | $ 1,135 |  |

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- Definition The amounts of income taxes recoverable in future periods in respect of: (a) deductible temporary differences; (b) the carryforward of unused tax losses; and (c) the carryforward of unused tax credits. [Refer: Temporary differences [member]; Unused tax credits [member]; Unused tax losses [member]] + References Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef -Name IAS -Number 12 -IssueDate 2021-01-01 -Paragraph 81 -Subparagraph g -Clause i -URI http://eifrs.ifrs.org/eifrs/xifrs-link?type=IAS&num=12&code=ifrs-tx-2021-en-r&anchor=para_81_g_i&doctype=Standard -URIDate 2021-03-24 Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef -Name IAS -Number 1 -IssueDate 2021-01-01 -Paragraph 54 -Subparagraph o -URI http://eifrs.ifrs.org/eifrs/xifrs-link?type=IAS&num=1&code=ifrs-tx-2021-en-r&anchor=para_54_o&doctype=Standard -URIDate 2021-03-24 Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef -Name IAS -Number 1 -IssueDate 2021-01-01 -Paragraph 56 -URI http://eifrs.ifrs.org/eifrs/xifrs-link?type=IAS&num=1&code=ifrs-tx-2021-en-r&anchor=para_56&doctype=Standard -URIDate 2021-03-24 + Details
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- Definition The amounts of income taxes payable in future periods in respect of taxable temporary differences. [Refer: Temporary differences [member]] + References Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef -Name IAS -Number 12 -IssueDate 2021-01-01 -Paragraph 81 -Subparagraph g -Clause i -URI http://eifrs.ifrs.org/eifrs/xifrs-link?type=IAS&num=12&code=ifrs-tx-2021-en-r&anchor=para_81_g_i&doctype=Standard -URIDate 2021-03-24 Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef -Name IAS -Number 1 -IssueDate 2021-01-01 -Paragraph 54 -Subparagraph o -URI http://eifrs.ifrs.org/eifrs/xifrs-link?type=IAS&num=1&code=ifrs-tx-2021-en-r&anchor=para_54_o&doctype=Standard -URIDate 2021-03-24 Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef -Name IAS -Number 1 -IssueDate 2021-01-01 -Paragraph 56 -URI http://eifrs.ifrs.org/eifrs/xifrs-link?type=IAS&num=1&code=ifrs-tx-2021-en-r&anchor=para_56&doctype=Standard -URIDate 2021-03-24 + Details
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