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Principal subsidiaries, investments in associates and joint ventures | 12 Months Ended
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Dec. 31, 2023
Investments in subsidiaries, joint ventures and associates reported in separate financial statements [abstract] |
Principal subsidiaries, investments in associates and joint ventures | 44 Principal subsidiaries, investments in associates and joint ventures For the majority of ING’s principal subsidiaries, ING Groep N.V. has control because it either directly or indirectly owns more than half of the voting power. For subsidiaries in which the interest held is below 50%, control exists based on the combination of ING’s financial interest and its rights from other contractual arrangements which result in control over the operating and financial policies of the entity. For each of the subsidiaries listed, the voting rights held equal the proportion of ownership interest and consolidation by ING is based on the majority of ownership. For the principal investments in associates and joint ventures ING Group has significant influence but not control. Significant influence generally results from a shareholding of between 20% and 50% of the voting rights, but also the ability to participate in the financial and operating policies through situations including, but not limited to one or more of the following: •Representation on the board of directors; •Participation in the policymaking process; and •Interchange of managerial personnel. The principal subsidiaries, investments in associates and joint ventures of ING Groep N.V. and their statutory place of incorporation or primary place of business are as follows:
Principal subsidiaries, investments in associates and joint ventures
| Proportion of ownership and interest held by the group
|  |  | 2023 | 2022
Subsidiary | Statutory place of Incorporation | Country of operation |  |
ING Bank N.V. | Amsterdam | the Netherlands | 100% | 100%
Bank Mendes Gans N.V. | Amsterdam | the Netherlands | 100% | 100%
ING Belgium S.A./N.V. | Brussels | Belgium | 100% | 100%
ING Luxembourg S.A. | Luxembourg City | Luxembourg | 100% | 100%
ING-DiBa AG | Frankfurt am Main | Germany | 100% | 100%
ING Bank Slaski S.A. 1 | Katowice | Poland | 75% | 75%
ING Financial Holdings Corporation | Delaware | United States of America | 100% | 100%
ING Bank A.S. | Istanbul | Türkiye | 100% | 100%
ING Bank (Australia) Ltd | Sydney | Australia | 100% | 100%
ING Commercial Finance B.V. | Amsterdam | the Netherlands | 100% | 100%
ING Groenbank N.V. | Amsterdam | the Netherlands | 100% | 100%
Investments in associates and joint ventures |  |  |  |
TMBThanachart Bank Public Company Ltd 2 | Bangkok | Thailand | 23% | 23%
1 The shares of the non-controlling interest stake of 25% are listed on the Warsaw Stock Exchange, for summarised financial information we refer to Note 31 'Information on geographical areas'. 2 Reference is made to Note 8 'Investment in associates and joint ventures'.

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