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Risk management - Changes in gross carrying amounts and loan loss provisions (Details) - EUR (€)
€ in Millions
 12 Months Ended
Jan. 01, 2023
Dec. 31, 2023
Dec. 31, 2022
Gross carrying amount | Purchased credit impaired | Stage 3: Lifetime Expected Credit Losses      
Disclosure of credit risk exposure [line items]      
Opening balance as at 1 January € (7) € (7)  
Closing balance   (11) € (7)
Accumulated impairments      
Disclosure of credit risk exposure [line items]      
Opening balance as at 1 January (6,101) (6,101)  
Increase (decrease) in financial assets   520 1,861
Closing balance   (5,839) (6,101)
Accumulated impairments | Non-financial guarantees      
Disclosure of credit risk exposure [line items]      
Closing balance   (151)  
Accumulated impairments | IFRS-9 Eligible Financial Assets      
Disclosure of credit risk exposure [line items]      
Increase (decrease) in financial assets   483 1,850
Accumulated impairments | Non-Credit Replacement Guarantees      
Disclosure of credit risk exposure [line items]      
Increase (decrease) in financial assets   (31) (3)
Accumulated impairments | Modification gains and losses on restructured financial assets      
Disclosure of credit risk exposure [line items]      
Increase (decrease) in financial assets   68 14
Loans | Gross carrying amount      
Disclosure of credit risk exposure [line items]      
Opening balance as at 1 January 1,009,595 1,009,595 951,934
New financial assets originated or purchased   (195,775) (248,443)
Disposals and redemptions   137,705 152,366
Net drawdowns and repayments   41,511 79,226
Write-offs   1,111 1,129
Closing balance   1,025,043 1,009,595
Loans | Gross carrying amount | Stage 1      
Disclosure of credit risk exposure [line items]      
Opening balance as at 1 January 922,300 922,300 890,386
New financial assets originated or purchased   (195,775) (248,443)
Disposals and redemptions   121,991 138,250
Net drawdowns and repayments   38,758 77,907
Write-offs   3  
Closing balance   937,633 922,300
Loans | Gross carrying amount | Stage 1 | 12-month expected credit losses      
Disclosure of credit risk exposure [line items]      
Transfers and reclassifications    (11,832) (8,513)
Loans | Gross carrying amount | Stage 1 | Lifetime expected credit losses      
Disclosure of credit risk exposure [line items]      
Transfers and reclassifications      3,524
Loans | Gross carrying amount | Stage 1 | Not credit-impaired | Lifetime expected credit losses      
Disclosure of credit risk exposure [line items]      
Transfers and reclassifications    29,470 42,439
Loans | Gross carrying amount | Stage 1 | Credit impaired | Lifetime expected credit losses      
Disclosure of credit risk exposure [line items]      
Transfers and reclassifications    2,053  
Loans | Gross carrying amount | Stage 2      
Disclosure of credit risk exposure [line items]      
Opening balance as at 1 January 75,429 75,429 49,476
Disposals and redemptions   14,239 11,312
Net drawdowns and repayments   2,525 1,340
Write-offs   (38)  
Closing balance   75,454 75,429
Loans | Gross carrying amount | Stage 2 | 12-month expected credit losses      
Disclosure of credit risk exposure [line items]      
Transfers and reclassifications    11,583 8,105
Loans | Gross carrying amount | Stage 2 | Lifetime expected credit losses      
Disclosure of credit risk exposure [line items]      
Transfers and reclassifications      1,216
Loans | Gross carrying amount | Stage 2 | Not credit-impaired | Lifetime expected credit losses      
Disclosure of credit risk exposure [line items]      
Transfers and reclassifications    (30,185) (43,222)
Loans | Gross carrying amount | Stage 2 | Credit impaired | Lifetime expected credit losses      
Disclosure of credit risk exposure [line items]      
Transfers and reclassifications    1,775  
Loans | Gross carrying amount | Stage 3      
Disclosure of credit risk exposure [line items]      
Opening balance as at 1 January 11,866 11,866 12,072
Disposals and redemptions   1,475 2,805
Net drawdowns and repayments   229 (21)
Write-offs   1,070 1,129
Closing balance   11,956 11,866
Loans | Gross carrying amount | Stage 3 | 12-month expected credit losses      
Disclosure of credit risk exposure [line items]      
Transfers and reclassifications    249 408
Loans | Gross carrying amount | Stage 3 | Lifetime expected credit losses      
Disclosure of credit risk exposure [line items]      
Transfers and reclassifications      (4,740)
Loans | Gross carrying amount | Stage 3 | Not credit-impaired | Lifetime expected credit losses      
Disclosure of credit risk exposure [line items]      
Transfers and reclassifications    716 784
Loans | Gross carrying amount | Stage 3 | Credit impaired | Lifetime expected credit losses      
Disclosure of credit risk exposure [line items]      
Transfers and reclassifications    (3,828)  
Loans | Accumulated impairments      
Disclosure of credit risk exposure [line items]      
Opening balance as at 1 January (6,196) (6,196) (5,368)
Net remeasurement of loan loss provisions   (184) 430
New financial assets originated or purchased   204 228
Disposals and redemptions   (553) (379)
Net drawdowns and repayments     30
Changes in models/risk parameters   102  
Increase (decrease) in financial assets   452 1,849
Write-offs   (1,111) (1,130)
Recoveries of amounts previously written off   71 71
Foreign exchange and other movements   (231) 57
Closing balance   (5,839) (6,196)
Loans | Accumulated impairments | 12-month expected credit losses      
Disclosure of credit risk exposure [line items]      
Transfers and reclassifications    247 168
Loans | Accumulated impairments | Lifetime expected credit losses      
Disclosure of credit risk exposure [line items]      
Transfers and reclassifications      1,144
Loans | Accumulated impairments | Not credit-impaired | Lifetime expected credit losses      
Disclosure of credit risk exposure [line items]      
Transfers and reclassifications    277 564
Loans | Accumulated impairments | Credit impaired | Lifetime expected credit losses      
Disclosure of credit risk exposure [line items]      
Transfers and reclassifications    853  
Loans | Accumulated impairments | Stage 1      
Disclosure of credit risk exposure [line items]      
Opening balance as at 1 January (590) (590) (501)
Net remeasurement of loan loss provisions   (149) (8)
New financial assets originated or purchased   204 228
Disposals and redemptions   (72) (70)
Net drawdowns and repayments     (8)
Changes in models/risk parameters   (8)  
Increase (decrease) in financial assets   (58) (95)
Write-offs   (3)  
Foreign exchange and other movements   12 15
Closing balance   (517) (590)
Loans | Accumulated impairments | Stage 1 | 12-month expected credit losses      
Disclosure of credit risk exposure [line items]      
Transfers and reclassifications    28 21
Loans | Accumulated impairments | Stage 1 | Lifetime expected credit losses      
Disclosure of credit risk exposure [line items]      
Transfers and reclassifications      8
Loans | Accumulated impairments | Stage 1 | Not credit-impaired | Lifetime expected credit losses      
Disclosure of credit risk exposure [line items]      
Transfers and reclassifications    67 76
Loans | Accumulated impairments | Stage 1 | Credit impaired | Lifetime expected credit losses      
Disclosure of credit risk exposure [line items]      
Transfers and reclassifications    10  
Loans | Accumulated impairments | Stage 2      
Disclosure of credit risk exposure [line items]      
Opening balance as at 1 January (1,692) (1,692) (1,016)
Net remeasurement of loan loss provisions   (94) (223)
Disposals and redemptions   (215) (94)
Net drawdowns and repayments     13
Changes in models/risk parameters   10  
Increase (decrease) in financial assets   (204) (648)
Write-offs   (38) (1)
Foreign exchange and other movements   (15) 16
Closing balance   (1,435) (1,692)
Loans | Accumulated impairments | Stage 2 | 12-month expected credit losses      
Disclosure of credit risk exposure [line items]      
Transfers and reclassifications    239 142
Loans | Accumulated impairments | Stage 2 | Lifetime expected credit losses      
Disclosure of credit risk exposure [line items]      
Transfers and reclassifications      82
Loans | Accumulated impairments | Stage 2 | Not credit-impaired | Lifetime expected credit losses      
Disclosure of credit risk exposure [line items]      
Transfers and reclassifications    449 730
Loans | Accumulated impairments | Stage 2 | Credit impaired | Lifetime expected credit losses      
Disclosure of credit risk exposure [line items]      
Transfers and reclassifications    115  
Loans | Accumulated impairments | Stage 3      
Disclosure of credit risk exposure [line items]      
Opening balance as at 1 January (3,914) (3,914) (3,851)
Net remeasurement of loan loss provisions   59 199
Disposals and redemptions   (266) (215)
Net drawdowns and repayments     25
Changes in models/risk parameters   84  
Increase (decrease) in financial assets   714 1,106
Write-offs   (1,070) (1,129)
Recoveries of amounts previously written off   71 71
Foreign exchange and other movements   (258) 58
Closing balance   (3,887) (3,914)
Loans | Accumulated impairments | Stage 3 | 12-month expected credit losses      
Disclosure of credit risk exposure [line items]      
Transfers and reclassifications    36 47
Loans | Accumulated impairments | Stage 3 | Lifetime expected credit losses      
Disclosure of credit risk exposure [line items]      
Transfers and reclassifications      1,234
Loans | Accumulated impairments | Stage 3 | Not credit-impaired | Lifetime expected credit losses      
Disclosure of credit risk exposure [line items]      
Transfers and reclassifications    105 90
Loans | Accumulated impairments | Stage 3 | Credit impaired | Lifetime expected credit losses      
Disclosure of credit risk exposure [line items]      
Transfers and reclassifications    978  
IFRS 9 | Gross carrying amount      
Disclosure of credit risk exposure [line items]      
Opening balance as at 1 January 967,655 967,655  
Closing balance   1,025,043 967,655
IFRS 9 | Gross carrying amount | Stage 1      
Disclosure of credit risk exposure [line items]      
Opening balance as at 1 January 885,222 885,222  
Closing balance   937,633 885,222
IFRS 9 | Gross carrying amount | Stage 2      
Disclosure of credit risk exposure [line items]      
Opening balance as at 1 January 70,725 70,725  
Changes in models/risk parameters   (100)  
Closing balance   75,454 70,725
IFRS 9 | Gross carrying amount | Stage 3      
Disclosure of credit risk exposure [line items]      
Opening balance as at 1 January 11,708 11,708  
Closing balance   11,956 11,708
IFRS 9 | Accumulated impairments      
Disclosure of credit risk exposure [line items]      
Opening balance as at 1 January (6,101) (6,101)  
Closing balance   (5,839) (6,101)
IFRS 9 | Accumulated impairments | Stage 1      
Disclosure of credit risk exposure [line items]      
Opening balance as at 1 January (581) (581)  
Closing balance   (517) (581)
IFRS 9 | Accumulated impairments | Stage 2      
Disclosure of credit risk exposure [line items]      
Opening balance as at 1 January (1,679) (1,679)  
Increase (decrease) in financial assets   (300)  
Closing balance   (1,435) (1,679)
IFRS 9 | Accumulated impairments | Stage 3      
Disclosure of credit risk exposure [line items]      
Opening balance as at 1 January (3,841) (3,841)  
Closing balance   (3,887) (3,841)
IFRS 9 | Accumulated impairments | Stage 3 | Purchased credit impaired      
Disclosure of credit risk exposure [line items]      
Closing balance   (11)  
Previously stated | Loans | Gross carrying amount      
Disclosure of credit risk exposure [line items]      
Opening balance as at 1 January 967,655 967,655  
Closing balance     967,655
Previously stated | Loans | Gross carrying amount | Stage 1      
Disclosure of credit risk exposure [line items]      
Opening balance as at 1 January 885,222 885,222  
Closing balance     885,222
Previously stated | Loans | Gross carrying amount | Stage 2      
Disclosure of credit risk exposure [line items]      
Opening balance as at 1 January 70,725 70,725  
Closing balance     70,725
Previously stated | Loans | Gross carrying amount | Stage 3      
Disclosure of credit risk exposure [line items]      
Opening balance as at 1 January 11,708 11,708  
Closing balance     11,708
Previously stated | Loans | Accumulated impairments      
Disclosure of credit risk exposure [line items]      
Opening balance as at 1 January (6,101) (6,101)  
Closing balance     (6,101)
Previously stated | Loans | Accumulated impairments | Stage 1      
Disclosure of credit risk exposure [line items]      
Opening balance as at 1 January (581) (581)  
Closing balance     (581)
Previously stated | Loans | Accumulated impairments | Stage 2      
Disclosure of credit risk exposure [line items]      
Opening balance as at 1 January (1,679) (1,679)  
Closing balance     (1,679)
Previously stated | Loans | Accumulated impairments | Stage 3      
Disclosure of credit risk exposure [line items]      
Opening balance as at 1 January (3,841) (3,841)  
Closing balance     (3,841)
Impact of changes in accounting policies | Loans | Gross carrying amount      
Disclosure of credit risk exposure [line items]      
Opening balance as at 1 January 41,939 41,939  
Closing balance     41,939
Impact of changes in accounting policies | Loans | Gross carrying amount | Stage 1      
Disclosure of credit risk exposure [line items]      
Opening balance as at 1 January 37,078 37,078  
Closing balance     37,078
Impact of changes in accounting policies | Loans | Gross carrying amount | Stage 2      
Disclosure of credit risk exposure [line items]      
Opening balance as at 1 January 4,704 4,704  
Closing balance     4,704
Impact of changes in accounting policies | Loans | Gross carrying amount | Stage 3      
Disclosure of credit risk exposure [line items]      
Opening balance as at 1 January 158 158  
Closing balance     158
Impact of changes in accounting policies | Loans | Accumulated impairments      
Disclosure of credit risk exposure [line items]      
Opening balance as at 1 January (95) (95)  
Net remeasurement of loan loss provisions 42    
Closing balance     (95)
Impact of changes in accounting policies | Loans | Accumulated impairments | Loans with death waivers      
Disclosure of credit risk exposure [line items]      
Opening balance as at 1 January (55) (55)  
Closing balance     (55)
Impact of changes in accounting policies | Loans | Accumulated impairments | Non-financial guarantees      
Disclosure of credit risk exposure [line items]      
Opening balance as at 1 January (109) (109)  
Closing balance     (109)
Impact of changes in accounting policies | Loans | Accumulated impairments | Stage 1      
Disclosure of credit risk exposure [line items]      
Opening balance as at 1 January (9) (9)  
Closing balance     (9)
Impact of changes in accounting policies | Loans | Accumulated impairments | Stage 2      
Disclosure of credit risk exposure [line items]      
Opening balance as at 1 January (13) (13)  
Closing balance     (13)
Impact of changes in accounting policies | Loans | Accumulated impairments | Stage 3      
Disclosure of credit risk exposure [line items]      
Opening balance as at 1 January € (73) € (73)  
Closing balance     € (73)