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Staff expenses - Summary of staff expenses (Details) - EUR (€)
€ in Millions
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2023
Dec. 31, 2022
Dec. 31, 2021
Staff Expenses [Abstract]      
Salaries € 4,559 € 4,145 € 4,011
Pension costs and other staff-related benefit costs 418 390 408
Social security costs 635 584 563
Share-based compensation arrangements 31 26 31
External employees 776 738 699
Education 50 47 47
Other staff costs 256 222 182
Total staff expenses € 6,725 € 6,152 € 5,941