Structured entities

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2023

Disclosure of information about consolidated structured entities [abstract]

Structured entities

45 Structured entities

ING Group’s activities involve transactions with various structured entities (SE) in the normal course of its

business. A structured entity is an entity that has been designed so that voting or similar rights are not the

dominant factor in deciding who controls the entity, such as when any voting rights relate to administrative

tasks only and the relevant activities are directed by means of contractual arrangements. ING Group’s

involvement in these entities varies and includes both debt financing and equity financing of these entities

as well as other relationships. Based on its accounting policies, ING establishes whether these involvements

result in no significant influence, significant influence, joint control or control over the structured entity.

The structured entities over which ING can exercise control are consolidated. ING may provide support to

these consolidated structured entities as and when appropriate. However, this is fully reflected in the

consolidated financial statements of ING Group as all assets and liabilities of these entities are included and

off-balance sheet commitments are disclosed.

ING’s activities involving structured entities are explained below in the following categories:

1.Consolidated ING originated securitisation programmes;

2.Consolidated ING originated Covered bond programme (CBC);

3.Consolidated ING sponsored Securitisation programme (Mont Blanc);

4.Unconsolidated Securitisation programme; and

5.Other structured entities.

1. Consolidated ING originated securitisation programmes

ING Group enters into liquidity management securitisation programmes in order to obtain funding and

improve liquidity. Within the programme ING Group sells ING originated assets to a structured entity. The

underlying exposures include residential mortgages and SME loans in the Netherlands, Belgium, Spain, Italy,

Australia and Germany.

The structured entity issues securitised notes (traditional securitisations) which are eligible collateral for

central bank liquidity purposes. In most programmes ING Group acts as investor of the securitised notes. ING

Group continues to consolidate these structured entities if it is deemed to control the entities.

The structured entity issues securitisation notes in two or more tranches, of which the senior tranche

obtains a high rating (AAA or AA) by a rating agency. The retained tranche can subsequently be used by ING

Group as collateral in the money market for secured borrowings.

ING Group originated various securitisations, as at 31 December 2023, these consisted of approximately EUR

67 billion (2022: EUR 65 billion) of senior and subordinated notes, of which approximately EUR 2 billion

(2022: EUR 1 billion) were issued externally. The underlying exposures are residential mortgages and SME

loans. Apart from the third party funding, these securitisations did not impact ING Group’s Consolidated

statement of financial position and profit or loss.

In 2023, there are no non-controlling interests as part of the securitisation structured entities that are

significant to ING Group. ING Group for the majority of the securitisation vehicles provides the funding for

the entity except for EUR 2 billion (2022: EUR 1 billion).

In addition ING Group originated various securitisations for liquidity management optimisation purposes

which consist of senior secured portfolio loans issued to ING subsidiaries in Germany. The underlying

exposures were senior loans to large corporations and financial institutions, and real estate finance loans,

mainly in the Netherlands. As at 31 December 2023, all securitized loans are redeemed (2022: EUR 444

million).

2. Consolidated ING originated covered bond programme (CBC)

ING Group has entered into a covered bond programme. Under the covered bond programme ING issues

bonds. The payment of interest and principal is guaranteed by the ING administered structured entities, ING

Covered Bond Company B.V., and ING SB Covered Bond Company B.V. In order for these entities to fulfil their

guarantee, ING legally transfers mainly Dutch mortgage loans originated by ING. Furthermore, ING offers

protection against deterioration of the mortgage loans. The entities are consolidated by ING Group.


Covered bond programme
	Fair value pledged mortgage loans
in EUR million	2023	2022
Dutch Covered Bond Companies	27,148	21,379
	27,148	21,379

In addition, subsidiaries of ING in Germany, Belgium, Poland and Australia also issued covered bonds with

pledged mortgages loans of approximately EUR 29,950 million (2022: EUR 24,880 million) in total.

For the covered bond programme, third-party investors in securities issued by the structured entity have

recourse to the assets of the entity and to the assets of ING Group.

3. Consolidated ING sponsored Securitisation programme (Mont Blanc)

In the normal course of business, ING Group structures financing transactions for its clients by assisting

them in obtaining sources of liquidity by selling the clients’ receivables or other financial assets to a Special

Purpose Vehicle (SPV). The senior positions in these transactions may be funded by the ING administered

multi seller Asset Backed Commercial Paper (ABCP) conduit Mont Blanc Capital Corp. (rated A-1/P-1). Mont

Blanc Capital Corp. funds itself externally in the ABCP markets.

In its role as administrative agent, ING Group facilitates these transactions by acting as administrative

agent, swap counterparty and liquidity provider to Mont Blanc Capital Corp. ING Group also provides support

facilities (i.e. liquidity) backing the transactions funded by the conduit. The types of asset currently in the

Mont Blanc conduit include trade receivables, consumer finance receivables, car leases and residential

mortgages.

ING Group supports the commercial paper programmes by providing Mont Blanc Capital Corp. with short-

term liquidity facilities. Once drawn these facilities bear normal credit risk.

The liquidity facilities, provided to Mont Blanc are EUR 2,268 million (2022: EUR 2,446 million). The drawn

liquidity amount is nil as at 31 December 2023 (2022: nil).

The standby liquidity facilities are reported under irrevocable facilities. All facilities, which vary in risk profile,

are granted to the Mont Blanc Capital Corp. subject to normal ING Group credit and liquidity risk analysis

procedures. The fees received for services provided and for facilities are charged subject to market

conditions.

4. Unconsolidated Securitisation programme

In 2013 ING transferred financial assets (mortgage loans) for an amount of approximately EUR 2 billion to a

special purpose vehicle (SPV). The transaction resulted in full derecognition of the financial assets from ING’s

statement of financial position. Following this transfer ING continues to have two types of on-going

involvement in the transferred assets: as counterparty to the SPE of a non-standard interest rate swap,

which is recognized as a non-trading derivative and as servicer of the transferred assets. ING has an option

to unwind the transaction by redeeming all notes at their principal outstanding amount, in the unlikely

event of changes in accounting and/or regulatory requirements that significantly impact the transaction.

The fair value of the swap held by ING at 31 December 2023 amounted to EUR -26 million(2022: EUR

-40 million); fair value changes on this swap recognised in the statement of profit or loss in 2023 were EUR

14 million (2022: EUR -6 million). Service fee income recognised, for the role as administrative agent, in the

statement of profit or loss in 2023 amounted to EUR 1 million (2022: EUR 1 million). The cumulative income

recognised in profit or loss since derecognition amounts to EUR 19 million (2022: EUR 18 million).

5. Other structured entities

In the normal course of business, ING Group enters into transactions with structured entities as

counterparty. Predominantly in its structured finance operations, ING can be instrumental in facilitating the

creation of these structured entity counterparties. These entities are generally not included in the

consolidated financial statements of ING Group, as ING facilitates these transactions as administrative agent

by providing structuring, accounting, funding, lending, and operation services.

ING Group offers various investment fund products to its clients. ING Group does not invest in these

investment funds for its own account nor acts as the fund manager.