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Risk management (Tables) | 12 Months Ended
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Dec. 31, 2024
Risk management [abstract] |
Outstandings per line of business |
Outstandings per line of business (*)1, 2, 3
in € million | Wholesale Banking | Retail Banking | Corporate line | Total
Rating class | 2024 | 2023 | 2024 | 2023 | 2024 | 2023 | 2024 | 2023
Investment grade | 1 (AAA) | 53,363 |  | 52,665 |  | 29,151 |  | 34,683 |  | 1,790 |  | 2,284 |  | 84,304 |  | 89,631 |
2-4 (AA) | 72,462 |  | 67,034 |  | 63,187 |  | 59,655 |  | 4 |  | 6 |  | 135,653 |  | 126,694 |
5-7 (A) | 101,766 |  | 95,320 |  | 140,479 |  | 132,076 |  | 154 |  | 147 |  | 242,400 |  | 227,543 |
8-10 (BBB) | 129,429 |  | 123,081 |  | 155,375 |  | 146,295 |  | 3,662 |  | 2,357 |  | 288,466 |  | 271,733 |
Non-investment grade | 11-13 (BB) | 53,757 |  | 57,348 |  | 94,753 |  | 94,408 |  |  |  |  |  | 148,510 |  | 151,756 |
14-16 (B) | 7,396 |  | 12,234 |  | 31,165 |  | 29,330 |  |  |  |  |  | 38,561 |  | 41,565 |
17 (CCC) | 1,037 |  | 1,122 |  | 3,345 |  | 3,113 |  | 170 |  | 392 |  | 4,552 |  | 4,628 |
Performing Restructuring loans | 18 (CC) | 1,792 |  | 2,523 |  | 2,001 |  | 1,957 |  |  |  |  |  | 3,794 |  | 4,481 |
19 (C) | 560 |  | 535 |  | 1,760 |  | 1,313 |  |  |  |  |  | 2,321 |  | 1,848 |
Non-performing loans | 20-22 (D) | 5,204 |  | 4,051 |  | 8,100 |  | 7,622 |  |  |  |  |  | 13,303 |  | 11,673 |
Total | 426,767 |  | 415,914 |  | 529,317 |  | 510,452 |  | 5,779 |  | 5,186 |  | 961,863 |  | 931,552 |
Industry |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Private Individuals |  | 2,116 |  | 2,330 |  | 377,712 |  | 359,057 |  |  |  |  |  | 379,827 |  | 361,387 |
Central Banks |  | 61,091 |  | 70,139 |  | 15,044 |  | 21,740 |  | 1,785 |  | 2,269 |  | 77,919 |  | 94,147 |
Natural Resources |  | 39,974 |  | 40,511 |  | 1,925 |  | 1,883 |  |  |  |  |  | 41,899 |  | 42,394 |
Real Estate |  | 24,643 |  | 24,904 |  | 28,738 |  | 26,611 |  |  |  |  |  | 53,381 |  | 51,515 |
Commercial Banks |  | 40,962 |  | 37,342 |  | 6,662 |  | 6,183 |  | 3,616 |  | 2,515 |  | 51,240 |  | 46,040 |
Non-Bank Financial Institutions |  | 64,217 |  | 55,313 |  | 2,212 |  | 2,290 |  | 290 |  | 286 |  | 66,719 |  | 57,889 |
Central Governments |  | 48,389 |  | 45,316 |  | 8,107 |  | 7,304 |  | 1 |  | 1 |  | 56,497 |  | 52,621 |
Transportation & Logistics |  | 27,499 |  | 27,106 |  | 6,037 |  | 5,784 |  |  |  |  |  | 33,536 |  | 32,890 |
Utilities |  | 25,517 |  | 23,324 |  | 2,196 |  | 2,184 |  |  |  |  |  | 27,713 |  | 25,509 |
Food, Beverages & Personal Care |  | 13,827 |  | 13,503 |  | 10,419 |  | 9,883 |  |  |  |  |  | 24,246 |  | 23,386 |
Services |  | 8,844 |  | 9,128 |  | 13,442 |  | 12,872 |  | 27 |  | 24 |  | 22,312 |  | 22,023 |
General Industries |  | 10,512 |  | 12,039 |  | 8,812 |  | 9,086 |  |  |  |  |  | 19,324 |  | 21,126 |
Lower Public Administration |  | 6,959 |  | 6,211 |  | 19,598 |  | 17,493 |  |  |  |  |  | 26,557 |  | 23,704 |
Other | 52,218 |  | 48,748 |  | 28,412 |  | 28,082 |  | 62 |  | 92 |  | 80,691 |  | 76,922 |
Total | 426,767 |  | 415,914 |  | 529,317 |  | 510,452 |  | 5,779 |  | 5,186 |  | 961,863 |  | 931,552 |
Outstandings per line of business (*) - continued 1, 2, 3
in € million | Wholesale Banking | Retail Banking | Corporate line | Total
Region | 2024 | 2023 | 2024 | 2023 | 2024 | 2023 | 2024 | 2023
Europe | Netherlands | 44,421 |  | 54,938 |  | 164,590 |  | 156,182 |  | 1,903 |  | 2,366 |  | 210,913 |  | 213,486 |
Belgium | 26,506 |  | 24,171 |  | 95,584 |  | 91,744 |  |  |  | 7 |  | 122,091 |  | 115,921 |
Germany | 27,443 |  | 26,152 |  | 128,598 |  | 128,885 |  | 30 |  | 31 |  | 156,071 |  | 155,067 |
Poland | 21,190 |  | 20,346 |  | 30,946 |  | 28,971 |  |  |  |  |  | 52,136 |  | 49,317 |
Spain | 11,990 |  | 11,047 |  | 28,507 |  | 27,158 |  | 36 |  | 35 |  | 40,533 |  | 38,240 |
United Kingdom | 28,257 |  | 28,587 |  | 265 |  | 275 |  | 91 |  | 112 |  | 28,613 |  | 28,974 |
Luxembourg | 26,176 |  | 23,805 |  | 5,139 |  | 5,557 |  |  |  |  |  | 31,314 |  | 29,363 |
France | 24,351 |  | 21,528 |  | 3,122 |  | 3,108 |  | 3 |  | 14 |  | 27,476 |  | 24,650 |
Rest of Europe | 72,860 |  | 65,157 |  | 23,203 |  | 20,368 |  | 14 |  | 32 |  | 96,076 |  | 85,558 |
America | 86,402 |  | 78,851 |  | 2,402 |  | 2,042 |  | 232 |  | 222 |  | 89,037 |  | 81,114 |
Asia | 44,136 |  | 49,851 |  | 215 |  | 159 |  | 3,464 |  | 2,365 |  | 47,815 |  | 52,374 |
Australia | 10,887 |  | 9,409 |  | 46,723 |  | 45,977 |  | 8 |  | 2 |  | 57,618 |  | 55,389 |
Africa | 2,148 |  | 2,071 |  | 22 |  | 26 |  |  |  |  |  | 2,170 |  | 2,098 |
Total | 426,767 |  | 415,914 |  | 529,317 |  | 510,452 |  | 5,779 |  | 5,186 |  | 961,863 |  | 931,552 |
1 Based on credit risk measurement contained in lending, pre-settlement, money market and investment activities. 2 Based on the total amount of credit risk in the respective column using ING’s internal credit risk measurement methodologies. Economic sectors (industry) below 2% are not shown separately but grouped in Other. 3 Geographical areas are based on country of residence, except for private individuals for which the geographical areas are based on the primary country of risk.
Outstandings by economic sectors and geographical area |
Outstandings by economic sectors and geographical area (*) 1
in € million | Region | Total
Industry | Netherlands | Belgium | Germany | Poland | Spain | United Kingdom | Luxembourg | France | Rest of Europe | America | Asia | Australia | Africa | 2024
Private Individuals | 122,914 |  | 45,611 |  | 107,415 |  | 16,525 |  | 27,083 |  | 122 |  | 3,058 |  | 2,260 |  | 16,391 |  | 198 |  | 129 |  | 38,106 |  | 16 |  | 379,827 |
Central Banks | 22,529 |  | 10,196 |  | 13,966 |  | 1,729 |  | 510 |  | 1,935 |  | 5,737 |  |  |  | 10,913 |  |  |  | 9,525 |  | 879 |  |  |  | 77,919 |
Natural Resources | 2,197 |  | 1,531 |  | 881 |  | 778 |  | 152 |  | 3,021 |  | 2,503 |  | 405 |  | 11,212 |  | 8,475 |  | 8,989 |  | 1,593 |  | 159 |  | 41,899 |
Real Estate | 16,749 |  | 13,387 |  | 1,218 |  | 2,085 |  | 1,595 |  | 552 |  | 3,446 |  | 2,713 |  | 3,707 |  | 3,220 |  | 1,066 |  | 3,642 |  |  |  | 53,381 |
Commercial Banks | 1,285 |  | 314 |  | 4,129 |  | 695 |  | 376 |  | 4,733 |  | 5,268 |  | 5,074 |  | 7,779 |  | 10,700 |  | 9,394 |  | 1,336 |  | 157 |  | 51,240 |
Non-Bank Financial Institutions | 2,872 |  | 1,766 |  | 5,147 |  | 2,874 |  | 249 |  | 8,479 |  | 6,031 |  | 5,932 |  | 5,174 |  | 23,367 |  | 3,518 |  | 1,255 |  | 55 |  | 66,719 |
Central Governments | 1,416 |  | 11,009 |  | 51 |  | 9,435 |  | 5,308 |  | 48 |  | 82 |  | 3,202 |  | 9,203 |  | 15,377 |  | 288 |  | 488 |  | 589 |  | 56,497 |
Transportation & Logistics | 4,290 |  | 2,076 |  | 1,426 |  | 1,623 |  | 679 |  | 2,262 |  | 828 |  | 765 |  | 7,407 |  | 3,983 |  | 6,912 |  | 504 |  | 781 |  | 33,536 |
Utilities | 1,805 |  | 1,843 |  | 3,920 |  | 814 |  | 1,971 |  | 2,826 |  | 395 |  | 712 |  | 3,951 |  | 5,886 |  | 1,187 |  | 2,253 |  | 152 |  | 27,713 |
Food, Beverages & Personal Care | 7,377 |  | 3,690 |  | 695 |  | 2,215 |  | 351 |  | 328 |  | 1,393 |  | 1,102 |  | 3,008 |  | 2,498 |  | 1,168 |  | 406 |  | 14 |  | 24,246 |
Services | 4,919 |  | 8,431 |  | 1,852 |  | 1,538 |  | 122 |  | 869 |  | 540 |  | 310 |  | 1,271 |  | 1,265 |  | 516 |  | 680 |  |  |  | 22,312 |
General Industries | 4,568 |  | 2,690 |  | 1,059 |  | 2,824 |  | 219 |  | 301 |  | 539 |  | 484 |  | 3,862 |  | 2,039 |  | 708 |  | 23 |  | 8 |  | 19,324 |
Lower Public Administration | 782 |  | 6,824 |  | 7,435 |  | 608 |  | 557 |  |  |  | 246 |  | 3,091 |  | 476 |  | 1,554 |  | 44 |  | 4,941 |  |  |  | 26,557 |
Other | 17,208 |  | 12,722 |  | 6,876 |  | 8,394 |  | 1,361 |  | 3,137 |  | 1,248 |  | 1,426 |  | 11,722 |  | 10,475 |  | 4,372 |  | 1,513 |  | 238 |  | 80,691 |
Total | 210,913 |  | 122,091 |  | 156,071 |  | 52,136 |  | 40,533 |  | 28,613 |  | 31,314 |  | 27,476 |  | 96,076 |  | 89,037 |  | 47,815 |  | 57,618 |  | 2,170 |  | 961,863 |
Rating class |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Investment grade | 170,093 |  | 74,882 |  | 136,096 |  | 36,029 |  | 32,741 |  | 23,844 |  | 27,235 |  | 21,886 |  | 67,110 |  | 72,686 |  | 41,203 |  | 46,959 |  | 59 |  | 750,822 |
Non-Investment grade | 37,689 |  | 43,059 |  | 18,238 |  | 13,948 |  | 7,126 |  | 4,388 |  | 3,858 |  | 5,229 |  | 25,679 |  | 14,763 |  | 5,859 |  | 9,889 |  | 1,898 |  | 191,623 |
Performing restructuring | 1,579 |  | 1,078 |  | 305 |  | 701 |  | 234 |  | 59 |  | 56 |  | 54 |  | 1,369 |  | 443 |  | 30 |  | 203 |  | 4 |  | 6,114 |
Non-performing loans | 1,552 |  | 3,071 |  | 1,432 |  | 1,458 |  | 432 |  | 322 |  | 166 |  | 307 |  | 1,918 |  | 1,145 |  | 723 |  | 568 |  | 210 |  | 13,303 |
Total | 210,913 |  | 122,091 |  | 156,071 |  | 52,136 |  | 40,533 |  | 28,613 |  | 31,314 |  | 27,476 |  | 96,076 |  | 89,037 |  | 47,815 |  | 57,618 |  | 2,170 |  | 961,863 |
1 Geographical areas are based on country of residence, except for Private Individuals for which the geographical areas are based on the primary country of risk.
Outstandings by economic sectors and geographical area (*) 1
in € million | Region |  | Total
Industry | Netherlands | Belgium | Germany | Poland | Spain | United Kingdom | Luxembourg | France | Rest of Europe | America | Asia | Australia | Africa | 2023
Private Individuals | 116,530 |  | 44,637 |  | 103,151 |  | 14,860 |  | 25,452 |  | 128 |  | 3,347 |  | 2,472 |  | 14,179 |  | 149 |  | 121 |  | 36,340 |  | 20 |  | 361,387 |
Central Banks | 31,017 |  | 9,756 |  | 18,945 |  | 2,530 |  | 489 |  | 4,335 |  | 4,853 |  |  |  | 6,166 |  |  |  | 13,668 |  | 2,379 |  | 9 |  | 94,147 |
Natural Resources | 2,623 |  | 1,346 |  | 1,017 |  | 685 |  | 129 |  | 3,789 |  | 2,511 |  | 429 |  | 10,608 |  | 8,237 |  | 9,785 |  | 941 |  | 295 |  | 42,394 |
Real Estate | 16,907 |  | 10,986 |  | 1,111 |  | 2,184 |  | 1,551 |  | 420 |  | 3,563 |  | 2,901 |  | 3,492 |  | 3,323 |  | 1,367 |  | 3,709 |  |  |  | 51,515 |
Commercial Banks | 1,217 |  | 404 |  | 4,050 |  | 601 |  | 353 |  | 4,488 |  | 5,070 |  | 4,155 |  | 6,757 |  | 9,833 |  | 8,182 |  | 719 |  | 210 |  | 46,040 |
Non-Bank Financial Institutions | 2,573 |  | 1,457 |  | 5,710 |  | 2,532 |  | 652 |  | 6,837 |  | 4,631 |  | 4,274 |  | 4,269 |  | 20,118 |  | 3,884 |  | 950 |  |  |  | 57,889 |
Central Governments | 1,620 |  | 9,046 |  | 699 |  | 8,614 |  | 5,491 |  | 41 |  | 79 |  | 2,255 |  | 9,384 |  | 13,752 |  | 520 |  | 526 |  | 593 |  | 52,621 |
Transportation & Logistics | 3,860 |  | 2,198 |  | 1,277 |  | 1,598 |  | 658 |  | 2,113 |  | 596 |  | 784 |  | 8,177 |  | 3,511 |  | 7,044 |  | 456 |  | 618 |  | 32,890 |
Utilities | 2,419 |  | 1,634 |  | 3,516 |  | 792 |  | 912 |  | 2,723 |  | 480 |  | 619 |  | 4,469 |  | 4,424 |  | 1,306 |  | 2,041 |  | 173 |  | 25,509 |
Food, Beverages & Personal Care | 7,138 |  | 3,127 |  | 550 |  | 2,242 |  | 490 |  | 540 |  | 1,505 |  | 1,250 |  | 2,455 |  | 2,652 |  | 1,140 |  | 281 |  | 18 |  | 23,386 |
Services | 5,073 |  | 8,463 |  | 1,725 |  | 1,325 |  | 71 |  | 745 |  | 502 |  | 380 |  | 1,052 |  | 1,576 |  | 469 |  | 642 |  |  |  | 22,023 |
General Industries | 5,746 |  | 2,604 |  | 1,193 |  | 2,827 |  | 333 |  | 199 |  | 649 |  | 287 |  | 3,661 |  | 2,848 |  | 761 |  | 18 |  |  |  | 21,126 |
Lower Public Administration | 253 |  | 6,607 |  | 5,349 |  | 669 |  | 350 |  |  |  | 249 |  | 3,488 |  | 356 |  | 1,550 |  | 7 |  | 4,826 |  |  |  | 23,704 |
Other | 16,510 |  | 13,657 |  | 6,774 |  | 7,858 |  | 1,309 |  | 2,615 |  | 1,326 |  | 1,356 |  | 10,532 |  | 9,141 |  | 4,120 |  | 1,562 |  | 163 |  | 76,922 |
Total | 213,486 |  | 115,921 |  | 155,067 |  | 49,317 |  | 38,240 |  | 28,974 |  | 29,363 |  | 24,650 |  | 85,558 |  | 81,114 |  | 52,374 |  | 55,389 |  | 2,098 |  | 931,552 |
Rating class |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Investment grade | 170,067 |  | 71,730 |  | 136,675 |  | 31,772 |  | 29,583 |  | 24,299 |  | 24,083 |  | 18,692 |  | 56,404 |  | 63,652 |  | 44,481 |  | 44,139 |  | 24 |  | 715,602 |
Non-Investment grade | 40,399 |  | 40,236 |  | 16,929 |  | 15,785 |  | 8,134 |  | 4,508 |  | 5,013 |  | 5,713 |  | 25,967 |  | 16,003 |  | 6,770 |  | 10,715 |  | 1,776 |  | 197,949 |
Performing restructuring | 1,433 |  | 799 |  | 349 |  | 830 |  | 230 |  | 2 |  | 105 |  | 122 |  | 1,983 |  | 245 |  | 72 |  | 132 |  | 26 |  | 6,327 |
Non-performing loans | 1,587 |  | 3,156 |  | 1,114 |  | 929 |  | 293 |  | 165 |  | 162 |  | 124 |  | 1,205 |  | 1,213 |  | 1,051 |  | 403 |  | 272 |  | 11,673 |
Total | 213,486 |  | 115,921 |  | 155,067 |  | 49,317 |  | 38,240 |  | 28,974 |  | 29,363 |  | 24,650 |  | 85,558 |  | 81,114 |  | 52,374 |  | 55,389 |  | 2,098 |  | 931,552 |
1 Geographical areas are based on country of residence, except for Private Individuals for which the geographical areas are based on the primary country of risk.
Cover values including guarantees received |
Cover values including guarantees received (*)
in € million |  | Cover type and value | Collateralisation
2024 | Outstandings | Mortgages | Financial Collateral | Guarantees | Other covers | No cover | Partially covered | Fully covered
Consumer lending | 378,832 |  | 865,466 |  | 6,257 |  | 25,428 |  | 55,115 |  | 6.5 | % | 2.0 | % | 91.5 | %
Business lending | 368,570 |  | 163,143 |  | 24,838 |  | 119,410 |  | 484,148 |  | 34.1 | % | 23.7 | % | 42.2 | %
Investment and money market | 153,493 |  |  |  |  |  | 1,115 |  | 95 |  | 99.3 | % | — | % | 0.7 | %
Total lending, investment and money market | 900,894 |  | 1,028,609 |  | 31,095 |  | 145,953 |  | 539,357 |  | 33.6 | % | 10.5 | % | 55.9 | %
of which NPL | 13,295 |  | 10,427 |  | 194 |  | 3,093 |  | 11,109 |  | 27.6 | % | 27.7 | % | 44.7 | %
Pre-settlement | 60,968 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Total Group | 961,863 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Cover values including guarantees received (*)
in € million |  | Cover type and value | Collateralisation
2023 | Outstandings | Mortgages | Financial Collateral | Guarantees | Other covers | No cover | Partially covered | Fully covered
Consumer lending | 360,124 |  | 804,994 |  | 22,401 |  | 25,269 |  | 29,070 |  | 6.2 | % | 2.0 | % | 91.8 | %
Business lending | 363,826 |  | 162,491 |  | 26,333 |  | 115,944 |  | 428,531 |  | 35.2 | % | 22.5 | % | 42.3 | %
Investment and money market | 158,506 |  |  |  |  |  | 1,040 |  | 549 |  | 99.0 | % | 0.6 | % | 0.4 | %
Total lending, investment and money market | 882,455 |  | 967,485 |  | 48,735 |  | 142,252 |  | 458,149 |  | 34.8 | % | 10.2 | % | 55.0 | %
of which NPL | 11,653 |  | 8,880 |  | 1,609 |  | 3,204 |  | 9,241 |  | 25.7 | % | 26.9 | % | 47.4 | %
Pre-settlement | 49,096 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Total | 931,552 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Information about credit quality of financial assets |
Credit quality outstandings (*)
in € million | 2024 | 2023
Performing not past due | 823,478 |  | 795,942 |
Business lending performing past due | 9,174 |  | 8,825 |
Consumer lending performing past due | 802 |  | 846 |
Non-performing | 13,295 |  | 11,653 |
Total lending and investment | 846,749 |  | 817,266 |
Money market | 54,145 |  | 65,189 |
Pre-settlement | 60,968 |  | 49,096 |
Total | 961,863 |  | 931,552 |
Aging analysis (past due but performing) |
Ageing analysis (past due but performing): Consumer lending portfolio by geographic area, outstandings (*)
in € million | 2024 | 2023
Region | Past due for 1–30 days | Past due for 31–60 days | Past due for 61–90 days |  | Total | Past due for 1–30 days | Past due for 31–60 days | Past due for 61–90 days |  | Total
Europe | Belgium | 185 |  | 49 |  | 29 |  |  | 263 |  | 223 |  | 43 |  | 29 |  |  | 295 |
Germany | 65 |  | 37 |  | 24 |  |  | 125 |  | 89 |  | 40 |  | 18 |  |  | 147 |
Poland | 61 |  | 9 |  | 4 |  |  | 74 |  | 76 |  | 8 |  | 5 |  |  | 89 |
Netherlands | 62 |  | 35 |  | 4 |  |  | 101 |  | 67 |  | 24 |  | 6 |  |  | 97 |
Luxembourg | 22 |  | 6 |  | 3 |  |  | 32 |  | 21 |  | 2 |  | 2 |  |  | 25 |
Spain | 12 |  | 16 |  | 8 |  |  | 36 |  | 19 |  | 13 |  | 6 |  |  | 38 |
Rest of Europe | 93 |  | 15 |  | 4 |  |  | 112 |  | 64 |  | 19 |  | 12 |  |  | 94 |
America | 0 |  | 0 |  | 0 |  |  | 1 |  | 1 |  | 0 |  | 0 |  |  | 1 |
Asia | 0 |  | 0 |  | 0 |  |  | 0 |  | 0 |  | 0 |  | 0 |  |  | 1 |
Australia | 38 |  | 19 |  | 2 |  |  | 59 |  | 43 |  | 15 |  | 1 |  |  | 59 |
Africa | 0 |  | 0 |  | 0 |  |  | 0 |  | 0 |  | 0 |  | 0 |  |  | 0 |
Total | 538 |  | 186 |  | 78 |  |  | 802 |  | 602 |  | 164 |  | 79 |  |  | 846 |
Ageing analysis (past due but performing): Business lending portfolio by geographic area, outstandings (*)
in € million | 2024 | 2023
Region | Past due for 1–30 days | Past due for 31–60 days | Past due for 61–90 days |  | Total | Past due for 1–30 days | Past due for 31–60 days | Past due for 61–90 days |  | Total
Europe | Belgium | 1,187 |  | 17 |  | 13 |  |  | 1,217 |  | 929 |  | 98 |  | 11 |  |  | 1,037 |
United Kingdom | 830 |  | 8 |  |  |  |  | 838 |  | 623 |  | 659 |  | 128 |  |  | 1,410 |
Luxembourg | 367 |  | 51 |  | 5 |  |  | 423 |  | 577 |  | 8 |  | 11 |  |  | 596 |
Netherlands | 929 |  | 14 |  |  |  |  | 943 |  | 509 |  | 10 |  | 12 |  |  | 531 |
Poland | 173 |  | 17 |  | 19 |  |  | 209 |  | 346 |  | 26 |  | 10 |  |  | 383 |
Spain | 26 |  |  |  |  |  |  | 26 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
France | 194 |  |  |  |  |  |  | 194 |  | 58 |  | 132 |  |  |  |  | 190 |
Germany | 215 |  | 3 |  | 2 |  |  | 220 |  | 131 |  | 110 |  | 1 |  |  | 242 |
Rest of Europe | 630 |  | 4 |  | 46 |  |  | 681 |  | 972 |  | 2 |  | 2 |  |  | 977 |
America | 3,504 |  | 95 |  |  |  |  | 3,599 |  | 2,508 |  | 101 |  | 41 |  |  | 2,650 |
Asia | 310 |  |  |  |  |  |  | 310 |  | 284 |  |  |  | 22 |  |  | 306 |
Australia | 469 |  | 6 |  |  |  |  | 475 |  | 501 |  | 1 |  |  |  |  | 502 |
Africa | 39 |  |  |  |  |  |  | 39 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Total | 8,873 |  | 215 |  | 86 |  |  | 9,174 |  | 7,437 |  | 1,148 |  | 240 |  |  | 8,825 |
Summary forborne portfolio |
Summary Forborne portfolio (*)
in € million | 2024 | 2023
Business line | Outstandings | Of which: performing | Of which: non-performing | % of total portfolio | Outstandings | Of which: performing | Of which: non-performing | % of total portfolio
Wholesale Banking | 5,934 |  | 3,191 |  | 2,743 |  | 1.9 | % | 6,063 |  | 3,919 |  | 2,144 |  | 1.8 | %
Retail Banking | 6,883 |  | 3,987 |  | 2,897 |  | 1.3 | % | 7,026 |  | 4,128 |  | 2,898 |  | 1.4 | %
Total | 12,817 |  | 7,178 |  | 5,640 |  | 1.5 | % | 13,089 |  | 8,047 |  | 5,042 |  | 1.5 | %
Summary Forborne portfolio by forbearance type (*)
in € million | 2024 | 2023
Forbearance type | Outstandings | Of which: performing | Of which: non-performing | % of total portfolio | Outstandings | Of which: performing | Of which: non-performing | % of total portfolio
Loan modification | 11,726 |  | 6,734 |  | 4,993 |  | 1.4 | % | 11,881 |  | 7,550 |  | 4,331 |  | 1.4 | %
Refinancing | 1,091 |  | 444 |  | 647 |  | 0.1 | % | 1,208 |  | 497 |  | 711 |  | 0.1 | %
Total | 12,817 |  | 7,178 |  | 5,640 |  | 1.5 | % | 13,089 |  | 8,047 |  | 5,042 |  | 1.5 | %
Wholesale Banking: Forborne portfolio by geographical area (*)
in € million | 2024 | 2023
Region | Outstandings | Of which: performing | Of which: non-performing | Outstandings | Of which: performing | Of which: non-performing
Europe | Netherlands | 217 |  | 69 |  | 148 |  | 361 |  | 301 |  | 60 |
Belgium | 172 |  | 165 |  | 7 |  | 454 |  | 446 |  | 8 |
Germany | 372 |  | 62 |  | 310 |  | 288 |  | 148 |  | 139 |
United Kingdom | 444 |  | 266 |  | 178 |  | 583 |  | 425 |  | 158 |
Italy | 389 |  | 353 |  | 36 |  | 54 |  | 19 |  | 34 |
Norway | 0 |  | 0 |  | 0 |  | 6 |  | 0 |  | 6 |
Poland | 630 |  | 284 |  | 346 |  | 520 |  | 519 |  | 0 |
Rest of Europe | 1,339 |  | 940 |  | 399 |  | 1,421 |  | 1,142 |  | 279 |
America | 1,586 |  | 867 |  | 719 |  | 1,025 |  | 532 |  | 493 |
Asia | 652 |  | 111 |  | 541 |  | 1,198 |  | 277 |  | 921 |
Australia | 79 |  | 34 |  | 44 |  | 87 |  | 87 |  | 0 |
Africa | 54 |  | 40 |  | 15 |  | 68 |  | 23 |  | 45 |
Total | 5,934 |  | 3,191 |  | 2,743 |  | 6,063 |  | 3,919 |  | 2,144 |
Wholesale Banking: Forborne portfolio by economic sector (*)
in € million | 2024 | 2023
Industry | Outstandings | Of which: performing | Of which: non-performing | Outstandings | Of which: performing | Of which: non-performing
Natural Resources | 781 |  | 424 |  | 356 |  | 788 |  | 321 |  | 467 |
Real Estate | 1,115 |  | 703 |  | 412 |  | 1,320 |  | 1,254 |  | 66 |
Transportation & Logistics | 214 |  | 83 |  | 131 |  | 315 |  | 175 |  | 139 |
Food, Beverages & Personal Care | 810 |  | 415 |  | 395 |  | 866 |  | 465 |  | 401 |
Services | 211 |  | 176 |  | 34 |  | 284 |  | 254 |  | 30 |
Automotive | 332 |  | 183 |  | 149 |  | 138 |  | 98 |  | 40 |
Utilities | 677 |  | 301 |  | 376 |  | 510 |  | 255 |  | 255 |
General Industries | 127 |  | 70 |  | 58 |  | 145 |  | 74 |  | 71 |
Retail | 149 |  | 21 |  | 128 |  | 282 |  | 104 |  | 178 |
Chemicals, Health & Pharmaceuticals | 668 |  | 136 |  | 532 |  | 571 |  | 559 |  | 11 |
Builders & Contractors | 122 |  | 118 |  | 5 |  | 133 |  | 72 |  | 61 |
Other | 729 |  | 561 |  | 168 |  | 712 |  | 287 |  | 425 |
Total | 5,934 |  | 3,191 |  | 2,743 |  | 6,063 |  | 3,919 |  | 2,144 |
Retail Banking: Forborne portfolio by geographical area (*)
in € million | 2024 | 2023
Region | Outstandings | Of which: performing | Of which: non-performing | Outstandings | Of which: performing | Of which: non-performing
Europe | Netherlands | 1,548 |  | 1,134 |  | 414 |  | 1,483 |  | 981 |  | 502 |
Belgium | 1,942 |  | 800 |  | 1,142 |  | 2,153 |  | 838 |  | 1,315 |
Germany | 1,379 |  | 1,052 |  | 327 |  | 1,309 |  | 1,064 |  | 246 |
Poland | 777 |  | 403 |  | 374 |  | 852 |  | 522 |  | 330 |
Türkiye | 13 |  | 9 |  | 4 |  | 25 |  | 15 |  | 10 |
Italy | 122 |  | 43 |  | 79 |  | 123 |  | 51 |  | 71 |
Romania | 173 |  | 72 |  | 101 |  | 135 |  | 49 |  | 86 |
Spain | 159 |  | 127 |  | 31 |  | 138 |  | 118 |  | 21 |
Rest of Europe | 102 |  | 50 |  | 52 |  | 88 |  | 58 |  | 30 |
America | 22 |  | 17 |  | 6 |  | 21 |  | 20 |  |  |
Asia | 1 |  |  |  | 1 |  | 2 |  | 1 |  | 1 |
Australia | 646 |  | 279 |  | 367 |  | 697 |  | 411 |  | 286 |
Africa |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Total | 6,883 |  | 3,987 |  | 2,897 |  | 7,026 |  | 4,128 |  | 2,898 |
Non-performing loans: outstandings |
Non-performing Loans: outstandings by economic sector and business lines (*)1
in € million | Wholesale Banking | Retail Banking |  | Total
Industry | 2024 | 2023 | 2024 | 2023 |  |  | 2024 | 2023
Private Individuals | 4 |  | 4 |  | 4,766 |  | 4,416 |  |  |  | 4,769 |  | 4,419 |
Natural Resources | 965 |  | 669 |  | 99 |  | 85 |  |  |  | 1,064 |  | 754 |
Food, Beverages & Personal Care | 452 |  | 565 |  | 357 |  | 520 |  |  |  | 809 |  | 1,085 |
Transportation & Logistics | 347 |  | 437 |  | 157 |  | 134 |  |  |  | 504 |  | 572 |
Services | 102 |  | 101 |  | 394 |  | 481 |  |  |  | 495 |  | 582 |
Real Estate | 831 |  | 592 |  | 603 |  | 462 |  |  |  | 1,434 |  | 1,053 |
General Industries | 236 |  | 111 |  | 451 |  | 385 |  |  |  | 687 |  | 497 |
Builders & Contractors | 51 |  | 124 |  | 445 |  | 453 |  |  |  | 496 |  | 577 |
Retail | 157 |  | 207 |  | 224 |  | 188 |  |  |  | 381 |  | 395 |
Utilities | 582 |  | 331 |  | 19 |  | 18 |  |  |  | 600 |  | 348 |
Chemicals, Health & Pharmaceuticals | 654 |  | 101 |  | 185 |  | 132 |  |  |  | 839 |  | 233 |
Telecom | 151 |  | 378 |  | 12 |  | 12 |  |  |  | 163 |  | 390 |
Other | 666 |  | 412 |  | 387 |  | 336 |  |  |  | 1,052 |  | 748 |
Total | 5,196 |  | 4,034 |  | 8,099 |  | 7,619 |  |  |  | 13,295 |  | 11,653 |
1 Based on lending and investment outstandings.
Non-performing loans: Outstandings by economic sectors and geographical area (*)
in € million | Region | Total
Industry | Netherlands | Belgium | Germany | Poland | Spain | United Kingdom | France | Luxembourg | Rest of Europe | America | Asia | Australia | Africa | 2024
Private Individuals | 646 |  | 1,461 |  | 1,066 |  | 210 |  | 304 |  | 10 |  | 8 |  | 44 |  | 545 |  | 2 |  | 2 |  | 469 |  |  |  | 4,769 |
Natural Resources | 13 |  | 54 |  |  |  | 33 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 569 |  | 31 |  | 343 |  | 21 |  |  |  | 1,064 |
Food, Beverages & Personal Care | 196 |  | 154 |  | 1 |  | 93 |  |  |  | 23 |  | 5 |  |  |  | 158 |  | 51 |  | 127 |  |  |  |  |  | 809 |
Transportation & Logistics | 93 |  | 40 |  | 3 |  | 124 |  | 47 |  |  |  |  |  | 1 |  | 136 |  |  |  |  |  | 1 |  | 59 |  | 504 |
Services | 57 |  | 293 |  | 5 |  | 87 |  | 2 |  | 1 |  | 3 |  | 5 |  | 10 |  | 34 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 495 |
Real Estate | 12 |  | 374 |  | 63 |  | 114 |  | 59 |  |  |  | 59 |  | 90 |  | 6 |  | 606 |  |  |  | 52 |  |  |  | 1,434 |
General Industries | 153 |  | 123 |  | 24 |  | 147 |  | 20 |  |  |  | 2 |  | 1 |  | 170 |  | 17 |  | 30 |  |  |  |  |  | 687 |
Builders & Contractors | 68 |  | 175 |  | 5 |  | 162 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 7 |  | 78 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 496 |
Retail | 53 |  | 97 |  | 39 |  | 62 |  |  |  |  |  | 3 |  |  |  | 14 |  | 97 |  | 15 |  | 1 |  |  |  | 381 |
Utilities | 13 |  | 8 |  | 25 |  | 21 |  |  |  | 285 |  |  |  |  |  | 12 |  | 128 |  | 109 |  |  |  |  |  | 600 |
Chemicals, Health & Pharmaceuticals | 37 |  | 94 |  | 84 |  | 340 |  |  |  | 1 |  | 110 |  |  |  | 113 |  | 36 |  |  |  | 24 |  |  |  | 839 |
Telecom | 7 |  | 1 |  |  |  | 3 |  |  |  |  |  | 44 |  |  |  | 14 |  | 90 |  | 4 |  |  |  |  |  | 163 |
Other | 202 |  | 198 |  | 117 |  | 60 |  |  |  | 2 |  | 72 |  | 17 |  | 90 |  | 54 |  | 92 |  |  |  | 150 |  | 1,052 |
Total | 1,549 |  | 3,071 |  | 1,432 |  | 1,457 |  | 432 |  | 322 |  | 307 |  | 166 |  | 1,916 |  | 1,145 |  | 723 |  | 567 |  | 210 |  | 13,295 |
Non-performing Loans: outstandings by economic sectors and geographical area (*)
in € million | Region | Total
Industry | Netherlands | Belgium | Germany | Poland | Spain | United Kingdom | France | Luxembourg | Rest of Europe | America | Asia | Australia | Africa | 2023
Private Individuals | 609 |  | 1,535 |  | 885 |  | 225 |  | 235 |  | 3 |  | 8 |  | 45 |  | 489 |  | 2 |  | 2 |  | 380 |  | 1 |  | 4,419 |
Natural Resources | 30 |  | 60 |  | 1 |  | 23 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 55 |  | 164 |  | 31 |  | 369 |  |  |  | 20 |  | 754 |
Food, Beverages & Personal Care | 281 |  | 157 |  | 1 |  | 131 |  |  |  | 139 |  | 7 |  |  |  | 158 |  | 82 |  | 128 |  |  |  |  |  | 1,085 |
Transportation & Logistics | 110 |  | 50 |  | 2 |  | 51 |  | 47 |  | 20 |  |  |  | 1 |  | 168 |  | 49 |  | 1 |  | 2 |  | 72 |  | 572 |
Services | 121 |  | 342 |  | 2 |  | 55 |  | 2 |  |  |  | 3 |  | 8 |  | 13 |  | 37 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 582 |
Real Estate | 40 |  | 297 |  | 53 |  | 55 |  | 9 |  |  |  | 36 |  | 16 |  | 7 |  | 519 |  |  |  | 21 |  |  |  | 1,053 |
General Industries | 145 |  | 127 |  | 49 |  | 99 |  |  |  |  |  | 2 |  | 7 |  | 24 |  | 42 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 497 |
Builders & Contractors | 113 |  | 181 |  | 2 |  | 135 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 22 |  | 91 |  | 32 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 577 |
Retail | 51 |  | 82 |  | 36 |  | 52 |  |  |  |  |  | 2 |  |  |  | 14 |  | 149 |  | 7 |  |  |  |  |  | 395 |
Utilities | 14 |  | 5 |  |  |  | 21 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 18 |  | 153 |  | 138 |  |  |  |  |  | 348 |
Chemicals, Health & Pharmaceuticals | 31 |  | 77 |  | 13 |  | 25 |  |  |  |  |  | 64 |  |  |  | 11 |  | 12 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 233 |
Telecom | 12 |  | 1 |  | 28 |  | 3 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 13 |  | 56 |  | 277 |  |  |  |  |  | 390 |
Other | 28 |  | 239 |  | 42 |  | 55 |  |  |  | 2 |  | 1 |  | 6 |  | 23 |  | 46 |  | 128 |  |  |  | 179 |  | 748 |
Total | 1,586 |  | 3,153 |  | 1,114 |  | 929 |  | 293 |  | 165 |  | 124 |  | 162 |  | 1,193 |  | 1,210 |  | 1,050 |  | 403 |  | 272 |  | 11,653 |
Gross carrying amount per IFRS 9 stage and rating class |
Gross carrying amount per IFRS 9 stage and rating class (*)1,2
in € million | 12-month ECL (Stage 1) | Lifetime ECL not credit impaired (Stage 2) | Lifetime ECL credit impaired (Stage 3) | Total
Rating class | Gross carrying amount | Provisions | Gross carrying amount | Provisions | Gross carrying amount | Provisions | Gross carrying amount | Provisions
|  | 2024 | 2023 | 2024 | 2023 | 2024 | 2023 | 2024 | 2023 | 2024 | 2023 | 2024 | 2023 | 2024 | 2023 | 2024 | 2023
Investment grade | 1 (AAA) | 79,076 |  | 87,071 |  | 1 |  | 1 |  | 281 |  | 439 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 79,357 |  | 87,510 |  | 1 |  | 1 |
2-4 (AA) | 140,671 |  | 132,159 |  | 10 |  | 8 |  | 1,579 |  | 2,553 |  | 1 |  | 2 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 142,250 |  | 134,711 |  | 11 |  | 9 |
5-7 (A) | 244,241 |  | 231,018 |  | 22 |  | 24 |  | 6,908 |  | 6,188 |  | 8 |  | 6 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 251,149 |  | 237,206 |  | 29 |  | 30 |
8-10 (BBB) | 310,324 |  | 302,967 |  | 55 |  | 85 |  | 24,683 |  | 17,004 |  | 55 |  | 24 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 335,008 |  | 319,971 |  | 110 |  | 108 |
Non-Investment grade | 11-13 (BB) | 154,348 |  | 157,387 |  | 190 |  | 226 |  | 18,479 |  | 19,273 |  | 91 |  | 93 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 172,827 |  | 176,661 |  | 281 |  | 319 |
14-16 (B) | 25,377 |  | 26,414 |  | 124 |  | 164 |  | 17,433 |  | 19,336 |  | 366 |  | 455 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 42,811 |  | 45,750 |  | 490 |  | 618 |
17 (CCC) | 905 |  | 617 |  | 8 |  | 10 |  | 3,992 |  | 4,125 |  | 173 |  | 233 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 4,897 |  | 4,742 |  | 181 |  | 242 |
Performing Restructuring | 18 (CC) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 4,059 |  | 4,617 |  | 233 |  | 402 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 4,060 |  | 4,617 |  | 233 |  | 402 |
19 (C) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 2,474 |  | 1,919 |  | 203 |  | 221 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 2,474 |  | 1,919 |  | 203 |  | 221 |
Non-performing loans | 20-22 (D) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 13,742 |  | 11,956 |  | 4,509 |  | 3,887 |  | 13,742 |  | 11,956 |  | 4,509 |  | 3,887 |
Total | 954,943 |  | 937,633 |  | 409 |  | 517 |  | 79,888 |  | 75,454 |  | 1,130 |  | 1,435 |  | 13,742 |  | 11,956 |  | 4,509 |  | 3,887 |  | 1,048,574 |  | 1,025,043 |  | 6,049 |  | 5,839 |
1 Compared to the credit risk portfolio, the differences are mainly undrawn committed amounts (€156 billion; 2023: €151 billion) and other positions (€6 billion; 2023: €9 billion ) not included in credit outstandings and non-IFRS 9 eligible assets (€75 billion; 2023: €67 billion), mainly pre-settlement exposures) included in credit outstandings but not in the gross carrying amounts. 2 Stage 3 lifetime credit impaired provision includes €21 million (2023: €11 million) on purchased or originated credit impaired.
Changes in loan loss provisions and gross carrying amounts |
Changes in gross carrying amounts and loan loss provisions (*)1, 2
in € million | 12-month ECL (Stage 1) | Lifetime ECL not credit impaired (Stage 2) | Lifetime ECL credit impaired (Stage 3) | Total | 12-month ECL (Stage 1) | Lifetime ECL not credit impaired (Stage 2) | Lifetime ECL credit impaired (Stage 3) | Total
| Gross carrying amount | Provisions | Gross carrying amount | Provisions | Gross carrying amount | Provisions | Gross carrying amount | Provisions | Gross carrying amount | Provisions | Gross carrying amount | Provisions | Gross carrying amount | Provisions | Gross carrying amount | Provisions
| 2024 | 2023
Opening balance | 937,633 | 517 | 75,454 | 1,435 | 11,956 | 3,887 | 1,025,043 | 5,839 | 885,222 | 581 | 70,725 | 1,679 | 11,708 | 3,841 | 967,655 | 6,101
Impact of changes in accounting policies |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 37,078 | 9 | 4,704 | 13 | 158 | 73 | 41,939 | 95
Adjusted opening balance |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 922,300 | 590 | 75,429 | 1,692 | 11,866 | 3,914 | 1,009,595 | 6,196
Transfer into 12-month ECL (Stage 1) | 20,486 | 22 | -20,236 | -195 | -249 | -34 | 0 | -207 | 11,832 | 28 | -11,583 | -239 | -249 | -36 | 0 | -247
Transfer into lifetime ECL not credit impaired (Stage 2) | -43,155 | -49 | 43,900 | 429 | -745 | -96 | 0 | 285 | -29,470 | -67 | 30,185 | 449 | -716 | -105 | 0 | 276
Transfer into lifetime ECL credit impaired (Stage 3) | -2,980 | -18 | -2,856 | -235 | 5,836 | 1,802 | 0 | 1,548 | -2,053 | -10 | -1,775 | -114 | 3,828 | 978 | 0 | 853
Net remeasurement of loan loss provisions | 0 | -181 | 0 | -137 | 0 | 185 | 0 | -133 | 0 | -149 | 0 | -94 | 0 | 59 | 0 | -183
New financial assets originated or purchased | 212,516 | 192 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 212,516 | 192 | 195,775 | 204 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 195,775 | 204
Financial assets that have been derecognised | -126,858 | -76 | -11,840 | -153 | -1,450 | -257 | -140,148 | -485 | -121,991 | -72 | -14,239 | -215 | -1,475 | -266 | -137,705 | -552
Net drawdowns and repayments | -41,763 |  | -4,393 |  | -309 |  | -46,465 |  | -38,758 |  | -2,525 |  | -229 |  | -41,511 |
Changes in models/risk parameters | 0 | 8 | 0 | -6 | 0 | -22 | 0 | -20 | 0 | 7 | 0 | 11 | 0 | 84 | 0 | 102
Increase in loan loss provisions |  | -102 |  | -297 |  | 1,578 |  | 1,179 |  | -58 |  | -203 |  | 714 |  | 452
Write-offs 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | -1,017 | -1,017 | -1,017 | -1,017 | -3 | -3 |  | 0 | -787 | -787 | -790 | -790
Disposals 3 | -935 | -1 | -141 | -8 | -279 | -215 | -1,355 | -225 | 0 | 0 | -38 | -38 | -283 | -283 | -321 | -321
Recoveries of amounts previously written off |  | 0 |  | 0 |  | 69 |  | 69 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 71 | 0 | 71
Foreign exchange and other movements | 0 | -5 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 208 | 0 | 203 | 0 | -12 | 0 | -15 | 0 | 257 | 0 | 231
Closing balance | 954,943 | 409 | 79,888 | 1,130 | 13,742 | 4,509 | 1,048,574 | 6,049 | 937,633 | 517 | 75,454 | 1,435 | 11,956 | 3,887 | 1,025,043 | 5,839
1 Stage 3 lifetime credit impaired provision includes €21 million (2023:€11 million) on purchased or originated credit impaired. 2 The addition to the loan provision (in the consolidated statement of profit or loss) amounts to €1,194 million (2023: €520 million) of which €1,170 million (2023: €483 million) related to IFRS 9 eligible financial assets, €9 million (2023: €-31 million) related to non-credit replacement guarantees and €15 million (2023: €67 million) to modification gains and losses on restructured financial assets. 3 Table was updated for presentation purposes to disaggregate utilisation of the provision between write-offs and disposals. Comparatives have been updated accordingly.
Financial assets modified |
Financial assets modified (*)
in € million | 2024 | 2023
Financial assets modified during the period |  |
Amortised cost before modification | 1,888 |  | 1,565 |
Net modification results | -107 |  | -75 |
Financial assets modified since initial recognition |  |
Gross carrying amount at 31 December of financial assets for which loss allowance has changed to 12-month measurement during the period | 1,506 |  | 2,599 |
Management Adjustments |
Management adjustments to ECL models (*)
in € million | 2024 | 2023
Commercial Real Estate/ Inflation and Interest rate increases | 50 |  | 351 |
Economic sector / portfolio based adjustments | 38 |  | 36 |
Mortgage portfolio adjustments | 112 |  | 126 |
Climate transition risk | 29 |  |  |
Other post model adjustments | -27 |  | 64 |
Total management adjustments | 203 |  | 577 |
Sensitivity analysis for credit risk |
Sensitivity analysis as at December 2024 (*)
|  | 2025 | 2026 | 2027 | Unweighted ECL (€ mln) | Probability-weighting | Reportable ECL (€ mln)1
Netherlands Upside scenario | Real GDP | 2.6 |  | 3.0 |  | 2.5 |  | 193 |  | 20 | % | 270 |
Unemployment | 3.5 |  | 3.3 |  | 3.3 |
HPI | 18.9 |  | 11.7 |  | 2.5 |
Baseline scenario | Real GDP | 1.5 |  | 1.4 |  | 1.5 |  | 249 |  | 60 | %
Unemployment | 4.0 |  | 4.1 |  | 4.3 |
HPI | 9.1 |  | 3.5 |  | 2.4 |
Downside scenario | Real GDP | -0.4 |  | -1.4 |  | -0.2 |  | 411 |  | 20 | %
Unemployment | 5.7 |  | 7.2 |  | 8.1 |
HPI | -3.7 |  | -7.2 |  | 2.2 |
Germany Upside scenario | Real GDP | 2.0 |  | 2.8 |  | 1.6 |  | 510 |  | 20 | % | 548 |
Unemployment | 2.9 |  | 2.4 |  | 2.0 |
HPI | 5.4 |  | 8.9 |  | 9.9 |
Baseline scenario | Real GDP | 0.5 |  | 1.1 |  | 1.2 |  | 540 |  | 60 | %
Unemployment | 3.4 |  | 3.3 |  | 3.2 |
HPI | 2.6 |  | 5.6 |  | 6.3 |
Downside scenario | Real GDP | -1.7 |  | -1.7 |  | 0.3 |  | 609 |  | 20 | %
Unemployment | 4.7 |  | 5.6 |  | 5.9 |
HPI | -1.7 |  | 1.3 |  | 2.2 |
Belgium Upside scenario | Real GDP | 2.2 |  | 2.6 |  | 2.1 |  | 534 |  | 20 | % | 579 |
Unemployment | 5.1 |  | 5.0 |  | 4.9 |
HPI | 4.8 |  | 4.5 |  | 4.4 |
Baseline scenario | Real GDP | 1.1 |  | 1.5 |  | 1.6 |  | 569 |  | 60 | %
Unemployment | 5.7 |  | 5.7 |  | 5.6 |
HPI | 3.2 |  | 4.1 |  | 3.8 |
Downside scenario | Real GDP | -0.6 |  | -0.2 |  | 1.1 |  | 654 |  | 20 | %
Unemployment | 7.0 |  | 8.0 |  | 8.0 |
HPI | 1.2 |  | 2.9 |  | 2.5 |
United States Upside scenario | Real GDP | 3.1 |  | 3.5 |  | 3.2 |  | 74 |  | 20 | % | 113 |
Unemployment | 3.4 |  | 2.4 |  | 2.3 |
HPI | 4.3 |  | 8.4 |  | 9.4 |
Baseline scenario | Real GDP | 2.0 |  | 2.0 |  | 2.0 |  | 101 |  | 60 | %
Unemployment | 4.2 |  | 4.1 |  | 4.0 |
HPI | 3.3 |  | 3.7 |  | 3.9 |
Downside scenario | Real GDP | -0.1 |  | -1.1 |  | -0.4 |  | 187 |  | 20 | %
Unemployment | 5.9 |  | 7.3 |  | 8.0 |
HPI | -0.7 |  | -3.0 |  | -2.5 |
1 Excluding management adjustments.
Sensitivity analysis as at December 2023 (*)
|  | 2024 | 2025 | 2026 | Unweighted ECL (€ mln) | Probability-weighting | Reportable ECL (€ mln)1
Netherlands Upside scenario | Real GDP | 1.3 |  | 3.3 |  | 2.8 |  | 214 |  | 20 | % | 310 |
Unemployment | 3.7 |  | 3.3 |  | 3.3 |
HPI | 10.4 |  | 11.2 |  | 4.0 |
Baseline scenario | Real GDP | 0.8 |  | 1.6 |  | 1.5 |  | 282 |  | 60 | %
Unemployment | 4.1 |  | 4.3 |  | 4.5 |
HPI | 0.9 |  | 3.0 |  | 3.9 |
Downside scenario | Real GDP | -1.7 |  | -1.2 |  | 0.1 |  | 487 |  | 20 | %
Unemployment | 5.9 |  | 7.2 |  | 8.1 |
HPI | -10.9 |  | -7.4 |  | 3.7 |
Germany Upside scenario | Real GDP | 1.4 |  | 3.1 |  | 1.6 |  | 472 |  | 20 | % | 525 |
Unemployment | 2.6 |  | 2.0 |  | 1.7 |
HPI | 0.9 |  | 6.6 |  | 8.0 |
Baseline scenario | Real GDP | 0.5 |  | 1.3 |  | 1.2 |  | 513 |  | 60 | %
Unemployment | 3.0 |  | 3.0 |  | 3.0 |
HPI | -1.4 |  | 3.4 |  | 4.5 |
Downside scenario | Real GDP | -2.4 |  | -1.4 |  | 0.3 |  | 615 |  | 20 | %
Unemployment | 4.5 |  | 5.2 |  | 5.5 |
HPI | -6.0 |  | -0.8 |  | 0.4 |
Belgium Upside scenario | Real GDP | 1.5 |  | 2.7 |  | 2.3 |  | 568 |  | 20 | % | 619 |
Unemployment | 5.3 |  | 5.0 |  | 4.9 |
HPI | 1.3 |  | 5.6 |  | 4.5 |
Baseline Scenario | Real GDP | 0.9 |  | 1.5 |  | 1.8 |  | 604 |  | 60 | %
Unemployment | 5.6 |  | 5.5 |  | 5.4 |
HPI | 0.4 |  | 5.2 |  | 3.9 |
Downside scenario | Real GDP | -1.3 |  | -0.2 |  | 1.2 |  | 713 |  | 20 | %
Unemployment | 7.3 |  | 8.0 |  | 7.9 |
HPI | -2.2 |  | 3.9 |  | 2.6 |
United States Upside scenario | Real GDP | 1.8 |  | 3.2 |  | 3.4 |  | 102 |  | 20 | % | 165 |
Unemployment | 4.1 |  | 3.3 |  | 3.1 |
HPI | 0.6 |  | 8.7 |  | 8.7 |
Baseline Scenario | Real GDP | 0.9 |  | 1.9 |  | 2.1 |  | 144 |  | 60 | %
Unemployment | 4.5 |  | 4.5 |  | 4.4 |
HPI | -0.7 |  | 3.5 |  | 3.3 |
Downside scenario | Real GDP | -1.3 |  | -1.4 |  | -0.1 |  | 292 |  | 20 | %
Unemployment | 6.6 |  | 8.2 |  | 8.8 |
HPI | -4.2 |  | -2.7 |  | -3.0 |
1 Excluding management adjustments.
Reconciliation of model ECL to total ECL |
Reconciliation of reportable collective ECL to total ECL (*)
in € million | 2024 | 2023
Total reportable collective provisions | 2,975 |  | 2,856 |
ECL from individually assessed impairments | 2,871 |  | 2,406 |
ECL from management adjustments | 203 |  | 577 |
Total ECL | 6,049 |  | 5,839 |
Asset class category average threshold investment grade |
Quantitative SICR thresholds (*)
| 2024 | 2023
Average threshold ratio | Investment grade (rating grade 1-10) | Non-investment grade (rating grade 11-17) | Investment grade (rating grade 1-10) | Non-investment grade (rating grade 11-17)
Asset class category |  |  |  |
Mortgages | 2.9 |  | 2.4 |  | 2.5 |  | 2.3 |
Consumer lending | 2.8 |  | 2.1 |  | 2.9 |  | 2.1 |
Business lending | 2.7 |  | 2.1 |  | 2.7 |  | 2.1 |
Governments and financial institutions | 2.9 |  | 1.9 |  | 3.0 |  | 1.9 |
Other Wholesale Banking | 2.7 |  | 1.9 |  | 2.8 |  | 1.8 |
Net interest income (NII) at risk |
NII-at-Risk banking book per currency - year one (*)
in € million | 2024 | 2023
| Ramped, floored | Ramped, floored
parallel ▼ | parallel ▲ | parallel ▼ | parallel ▲
By currency |  |  |  |
Euro | -146 |  | 160 |  | -165 |  | 155 |
US dollar | -4 |  | 5 |  | -12 |  | 12 |
Other | -2 |  | 21 |  | -62 |  | 69 |
Total | -153 |  | 186 |  | -239 |  | 236 |
EUR ramped (floored at -100bps) is at +/- 120bps in 1 year (2023: +/-110bps)
USD ramped (floored at -100bps) is at +/- 120bps in 1 year (2023: +/-110bps)
Net present value (NPV) at risk |
NPV-at-Risk banking books per currency (*)
in € million | 2024 | 2023
| floored | floored
parallel ▼ | parallel ▲ | parallel ▼ | parallel ▲
By currency |  |  |  |
Euro | 154 |  | -1,613 |  | -291 |  | -645 |
US dollar | 274 |  | -266 |  | 186 |  | -178 |
Other | 321 |  | -329 |  | 131 |  | -146 |
Total | 749 |  | -2,208 |  | 27 |  | -969 |
EUR (floored at -100bps) is at +/- 120bps (2023: +/-110bps)
USD (floored at -100bps) is at +/- 120bps (2023: +/-110bps)
Non-derivative financial instruments to transition to alternative benchmarks |
Non-derivative financial instruments to transition to alternative benchmarks (*)
| Financial assets non-derivative | Financial liabilities non-derivative | Off balance sheet commitments
in € million at 31 December 2024 | Carrying value | Carrying value | Nominal value
By benchmark rate |  |  |
USD LIBOR |  |  |  |  |  |
WIBOR | 19,202 |  | 134 |  | 1,544 |
Total | 19,202 |  | 134 |  | 1,544 |
in € million at 31 December 2023 |  |  |
By benchmark rate |  |  |
USD LIBOR | 915 |  | 16 |  | 9 |
WIBOR | 18,064 |  |  |  | 1,021 |
Total | 18,979 |  | 16 |  | 1,030 |
Derivative financial instruments to transition to alternative benchmarks |
Derivative financial instruments to transition to alternative benchmarks (*)
| 31 December 2024 | 31 December 2023
in € million | Nominal value | Nominal value
By benchmark rate |  |
USD LIBOR |  |  | 151 |
WIBOR | 110,189 |  | 77,238 |
Total | 110,189 |  | 77,388 |
Disclosure of detailed information about hedging instruments |
Notional amounts of hedging instruments (*)
| 31 December 2024 | 31 December 2023
in € million | Nominal value | Nominal value
By benchmark rate |  |
WIBOR | 99,663 |  | 89,338 |
ING uses the following derivative financial instruments in a fair value hedge accounting relationship:
Gross carrying value of derivatives designated under fair value hedge accounting
| Assets | Liabilities | Assets | Liabilities
in EUR million | 2024 | 2024 | 2023 | 2023
As at 31 December |  |  |  |
Hedging instrument on interest rate risk |  |  |  |
– Interest rate swaps | 3,080 |  | 5,673 |  | 3,011 |  | 6,410 |
– Other interest derivatives | 207 |  | 23 |  | 284 |  | 34 |
Hedging instrument on FX rate risk |  |  |  |
– Cross currency swaps | 12 |  | 3 |  |  |
Gross carrying value of derivatives used for cash flow hedge accounting
| Assets | Liabilities | Assets | Liabilities
in EUR million | 2024 | 2024 | 2023 | 2023
As at 31 December |  |  |  |
Hedging instrument on interest rate risk |  |  |  |
– Interest rate swaps | 10,635 |  | 12,814 |  | 11,839 |  | 14,051 |
Hedging instrument on FX rate risk |  |  |  |
– Cross currency swaps | 472 |  | 339 |  | 324 |  | 39 |
Hedging instrument on combined interest and FX rate risk |  |  |  |
– Cross currency interest rate swaps |  |  | 10 |  | 57 |  |  |
Net banking currency exposures banking books |
Foreign currency exposures banking books (*)
in € million | Foreign Investments | Hedges | Net exposures
| 2024 | 2023 | 2024 | 2023 | 2024 | 2023
US Dollar | 11,251 |  | 10,337 |  | -4,823 |  | -3,416 |  | 6,429 |  | 6,921 |
Pound Sterling | 1,674 |  | 1,659 |  | -484 |  | -156 |  | 1,190 |  | 1,503 |
Polish Zloty | 4,292 |  | 3,976 |  | -1,616 |  | -1,254 |  | 2,677 |  | 2,722 |
Australian Dollar | 3,373 |  | 3,620 |  | -2,161 |  | -2,273 |  | 1,212 |  | 1,346 |
Turkish Lira | 557 |  | 517 |  | 0 |  | 0 |  | 557 |  | 517 |
Chinese Yuan | 2,439 |  | 1,815 |  | -830 |  | -348 |  | 1,609 |  | 1,466 |
Russian Rouble | 396 |  | 375 |  | 0 |  | 0 |  | 396 |  | 375 |
Romanian Leu | 913 |  | 895 |  | -176 |  | -134 |  | 736 |  | 761 |
Thai Baht | 1,266 |  | 1,128 |  | -838 |  | -697 |  | 428 |  | 431 |
Other currency | 3,346 | 3,704 | -2,748 | -2,897 | 599 | 806
Total | 29,509 | 28,024 | -13,675 | -11,175 | 15,834 | 16,849
* The FX sensitivity is expressed as the FX spot equivalent position.
Revaluation reserve equity securities at fair value through other comprehensive income |
Revaluation reserve equity securities at fair value through other comprehensive income (*)
in € million | 2024 | 2023
Positive re-measurement | 1,820 |  | 1,158 |
Negative re-measurement | -4 |  | -6 |
Total | 1,816 |  | 1,152 |
Most important foreign exchange year-end trading positions |
Most important foreign exchange year-end trading positions (*)
in € million | 2024 |  | 2023
Foreign exchange |  | Foreign exchange |
US Dollar | -93 |  | Japanese Yen | 61 |
Turkish Lira | 84 |  | Taiwan Dollar | -58 |
Korean Won | 62 |  | Romanian Leu | 58 |
Japanese Yen | 61 |  | Chinese Yuan | 49 |
Chinese Yuan | -37 |  | Hong Kong Dollar | -38 |
Most important interest rate and credit spread sensitivities explanatory |
Most important interest rate and credit spread sensitivities at year-end (*)
in € thousand | 2024 |  | 2023
Interest rate (BPV) 1 |  | Interest rate (BPV) 1 |
Euro | -799 |  | Euro | -309 |
US Dollar | -198 |  | Czech Koruna | 71 |
British Pound | -189 |  | Korean Won | -41 |
Korean Won | -54 |  | US Dollar | -40 |
Philippine Peso | -54 |  | British Pound | -35 |
Credit spread (CSO1) 2 |  | Credit spread (CSO1) 2 |
United States | 193 |  | Germany | 405 |
Netherlands | -165 |  | Netherlands | 120 |
France | -113 |  | Korea | -111 |
Poland | 69 |  | Japan | 106 |
Germany | 49 |  | United Kingdom | 101 |
1 Basis point value (BPV) measures the impact on value of a one basis point increase in interest rates. 2 Credit Spread Sensitivity (CS01) measures the impact on value of a one basis point increase in credit spreads. Exposures to supranational institutions are not assigned to a specific country.
Credit spread sensitivities per risk class and sector explanatory |
Credit spread sensitivities per risk class and sector at year-end (*)
| 2024 | 2023
in € thousand | Corporate | Financial institutions | Corporate | Financial institutions
Credit spread (CSO1) 1 |  |  |  |
Risk classes |  |  |  |
1 (AAA) | -2 |  | -118 |  | 0 |  | 0 |
2–4 (AA) | -44 |  | -27 |  | 12 |  | 50 |
5–7 (A) | 49 |  | -246 |  | 57 |  | 50 |
8–10 (BBB) | 93 |  | -76 |  | 106 |  | 13 |
11–13 (BB) | 38 |  | -13 |  | 25 |  | -25 |
14–16 (B) | 23 |  | -12 |  | 17 |  | -4 |
17–22 (CCC and NPL) | 4 |  | 2 |  | -8 |  | -20 |
Total | 162 |  | -489 |  | 208 |  | 65 |
1 Credit Spread Sensitivity (CS01) measures the impact on value of a 1 basis point increase in credit spreads.

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