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Financial assets at fair value through other comprehensive income | 12 Months Ended
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Dec. 31, 2024
Financial assets at fair value through other comprehensive income [abstract] |
Financial assets at fair value through other comprehensive income | 5 Financial assets at fair value through other comprehensive income
Financial assets at fair value through other comprehensive income by type
in EUR million | 2024 | 2023
Equity securities | 2,562 |  | 1,885 |
Debt securities 1 | 42,219 |  | 38,281 |
Loans and advances 1 | 1,608 |  | 951 |
| 46,389 |  | 41,116 |
1 Debt securities include an amount of EUR -12 million (2023: EUR -13 million) and the Loans and advances includes EUR -7 million (2023: EUR -8 million) of Loan loss provisions. Exposure to equity securities
Equity securities designated as at fair value through other comprehensive income
| Carrying value | Carrying value | Dividend income | Dividend income
in EUR million | 2024 | 2023 | 2024 | 2023
Investment in Bank of Beijing | 2,241 |  | 1,590 |  | 101 |  | 98 |
Other Investments | 321 |  | 295 |  | 16 |  | 8 |
| 2,562 |  | 1,885 |  | 117 |  | 105 |
As at 31 December 2024 ING holds approximately 13% (2023: 13%) of the shares of Bank of Beijing, a bank listed on the stock exchange of Shanghai. The stake in Bank of Beijing is part of the Corporate Line segment. As per regulatory requirements set by the China Banking and Insurance Regulatory Commission, ING, as a shareholder holding more than 5% of the shares, is required to supply additional capital when necessary. No request for additional capital was received in 2024 (2023: nil). Changes in fair value through other comprehensive income The following table presents changes in financial assets at fair value through other comprehensive income.
Changes in fair value through other comprehensive income financial assets
| FVOCI equity securities | FVOCI debt instruments 1 | Total
in EUR million | 2024 | 2023 | 2024 | 2023 | 2024 | 2023
Opening balance as at 1 January | 1,885 |  | 1,887 |  | 39,231 |  | 29,739 |  | 41,116 |  | 31,625 |
Additions | 11 |  | 28 |  | 21,080 |  | 19,967 |  | 21,091 |  | 19,995 |
Amortisation |  |  |  |  | 77 |  | 31 |  | 77 |  | 31 |
Transfers and reclassifications |  |  | 5 |  | 1 |  |  |  | 1 |  | 5 |
Changes in unrealised revaluations 2 | 605 |  | 68 |  | -96 |  | 657 |  | 509 |  | 725 |
Impairments |  |  |  |  | 2 |  | -1 |  | 2 |  | -1 |
Reversals of impairments |  |  |  |  | -7 |  | 6 |  | -7 |  | 6 |
Disposals and redemptions | -1 |  | -2 |  | -16,906 |  | -11,912 |  | -16,907 |  | -11,913 |
Exchange rate differences | 62 |  | -100 |  | 443 |  | 751 |  | 506 |  | 651 |
Other changes |  |  |  |  |  |  | -6 |  |  |  | -6 |
Closing balance | 2,562 |  | 1,885 |  | 43,827 |  | 39,231 |  | 46,389 |  | 41,116 |
1 Fair value through other comprehensive income debt instruments includes both debt securities and loans and advances. 2 Changes in unrealised revaluations of FVOCI debt instruments include changes on hedged items which are recognised in the statement of profit or loss. Reference is made to Note 19 'Equity' for details on the changes in revaluation reserve. FVOCI equity securities Exchange rate differences of EUR 62 million (31 December 2023: EUR -100 million) are mainly related to the stake in Bank of Beijing following the appreciation of CNY versus EUR. In 2024, changes in unrealised revaluations of equity securities are mainly related to a revaluation of the stake in Bank of Beijing of EUR 590 million (31 December 2023: EUR 77 million) following a change in the share price. FVOCI debt instruments In 2024, ING sold the remaining NNHB mortgages, amounting to EUR 263 million to Nationale Nederlanden. ING agreed in 2012 to transfer a portfolio of NNHB mortgages to NN as part of the required restructuring of ING Group by the European Commission after having received state support during the global financial crisis (2008). The majority of these mortgages were not sold immediately but only at the interest reset date of these mortgages. In 2024, interest rates in the shorter and longer tenors decreased which resulted in changes in unrealised revaluations of debt securities of EUR -96 million. During 2023 interest rates in the longer tenors decreased significantly resulting in unrealised revaluations of EUR 657 million. Reference is made to Note 6 'Debt securities' for details on ING Group’s total exposure to debt securities.

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