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Financial assets at fair value through profit or loss | 12 Months Ended
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Dec. 31, 2024
Financial assets at fair value through profit or loss [abstract] |
Financial assets at fair value through profit or loss | 4 Financial assets at fair value through profit or loss
Financial assets at fair value through profit or loss
in EUR million | 2024 | 2023
Trading assets | 72,897 |  | 60,229 |
Non-trading derivatives | 2,463 |  | 2,028 |
Designated at fair value through profit or loss | 5,740 |  | 5,775 |
Mandatorily measured at fair value through profit or loss | 56,481 |  | 54,983 |
| 137,580 |  | 123,015 |
(Reverse) repurchase transactions Financial assets at fair value through profit or loss include securities lending and sales and repurchase transactions with securities. At ING, these types of transactions are recognised in several lines in the statement of financial position depending on business model assessment and counterparty. Furthermore, for repurchase agreements the gross amount of assets must be considered together with the gross amount of related liabilities, which are presented separately on the statement of financial position since IFRS does not always allow the netting of these positions in the statement of financial position. Netting is applicable to repurchase agreements that are governed by an established Global Master Repurchase Agreement (GMRA). This netting is restricted to transactions involving the same currency and maturity date, and must occur within the same legal entity. Reference is made to Note 39 'Offsetting financial assets and liabilities'. Securities purchased under agreements to resell (reverse repos), securities borrowings and similar agreements are not recognised in the consolidated statement of financial position as the counterparty continues to be exposed to substantially all risks and rewards of the transferred security. Based on the business model assessment and counterparty, the consideration paid to purchase securities is recognised as Loans and advances to customers, Loans and advances to banks, financial assets mandatorily at FVPL or Trading assets. Securities sold subject to repurchase agreements (repos), securities lending and similar agreements continue to be recognised in the consolidated statement of financial position as ING Group continues to be exposed to substantially all risks and rewards of the transferred financial asset. The counterparty liability is designated and measured at FVPL if the asset is measured mandatorily at FVPL. Otherwise, the counterparty liability is included in Deposits from banks, Customer deposits or Trading. Reference is made to Note 38 'Transfer of financial assets, assets pledged and received as collateral' for information on transferred assets which were not derecognised. ING Group’s exposure to (reverse) repurchase transactions is included in the following lines in the statement of financial position:
Exposure to (reverse) repurchase agreements
in EUR million | 2024 | 2023
Reverse repurchase transactions |  |
Loans and advances to banks | 10,777 |  | 5,251 |
Loans and advances to customers | 3,471 |  | 499 |
Trading assets, loans and receivables | 12,033 |  | 12,121 |
Loans and receivables mandatorily measured at fair value through profit or loss | 53,393 |  | 51,536 |
| 79,675 |  | 69,407 |
Repurchase transactions |  |
Deposits from banks | 33 |  | 2,064 |
Customer deposits | 1 |  | 97 |
Trading liabilities, funds on deposit | 5,269 |  | 10,337 |
Funds entrusted designated and measured at fair value through profit or loss | 38,420 |  | 45,729 |
| 43,723 |  | 58,227 |
Trading assets
Trading assets by type
in EUR million | 2024 | 2023
Equity securities | 20,717 |  | 15,412 |
Debt securities | 10,080 |  | 6,907 |
Derivatives | 29,805 |  | 25,680 |
Loans and receivables | 12,295 |  | 12,231 |
| 72,897 |  | 60,229 |
Trading assets include assets that are closely related to servicing the needs of the clients of ING Group. ING offers institutional clients, corporate clients, and governments products that are traded on the financial markets. A significant part of the derivatives in the trading portfolio is related to servicing corporate clients in their risk management to hedge, for example, currency or interest rate exposures. In addition, ING provides its customers access to equity and debt markets for issuing their own equity or debt securities (securities underwriting). Reference is made to Note 14 'Financial liabilities at fair value through profit or loss' for information on trading liabilities. Non-trading derivatives
Non-trading derivatives by type
in EUR million | 2024 | 2023
Derivatives used in |  |
- fair value hedges | 617 |  | 716 |
- cash flow hedges | 158 |  | 440 |
- hedges of net investments in foreign operations | 82 |  | 100 |
Other non-trading derivatives | 1,606 |  | 771 |
| 2,463 |  | 2,028 |
Reference is made to Note 35 'Derivatives and hedge accounting' for information on derivatives designated in hedge accounting. Other non-trading derivatives mainly includes interest rate swaps, foreign exchange swaps, and cross currency swaps for which no hedge accounting is applied. Designated at fair value through profit or loss
Designated at fair value through profit or loss by type
in EUR million | 2024 | 2023
Debt securities | 4,718 |  | 4,470 |
Loans and receivables | 1,022 |  | 1,306 |
| 5,740 |  | 5,775 |
‘Financial assets designated at fair value through profit or loss’ is partly economically hedged by credit derivatives. The hedges do not meet the criteria for hedge accounting and the loans and debt securities are recorded at fair value to avoid an accounting mismatch. The maximum credit exposure of the loans and receivables and debt securities included in ‘Financial assets designated at fair value through profit or loss’ approximates its carrying value and amounts to EUR 5,740 million (2023: EUR 5,775 million). In 2024, the change in fair value of these loans and debt securities amounts EUR 5 million (2023: EUR -48 million). ING has mitigated the credit risk exposure on part of the portfolio. The cost at initial recognition of the financial assets designated at fair value through profit or loss that are economically hedged by credit derivatives is EUR 3,797 million (31 December 2023: EUR 3,181 million) and the cumulative change in fair value attributable to changes in credit risk is EUR 173 million (31 December 2023: EUR 150 million). The notional value of the related credit derivatives is EUR 3,807 million (2023: EUR 3,679 million). The cumulative change in fair value of the credit derivatives since the financial assets were first designated, amounts to EUR -214 million (2023: EUR -119 million) and the change for the current year is EUR -95 million (2023: EUR -122 million). The changes in fair value attributable to changes in credit risk have been calculated by determining the changes in credit spread implicit in the fair value of loans and bonds issued by entities with similar credit characteristics. Mandatorily at fair value through profit or loss
Mandatorily at fair value through profit or loss by type
in EUR million | 2024 | 2023
Equity securities | 228 |  | 179 |
Debt securities | 789 |  | 894 |
Loans and receivables | 55,464 |  | 53,911 |
| 56,481 |  | 54,983 |
Equity securities are individually insignificant for ING Group. For total exposure to debt securities, reference is made to Note 6 'Debt securities'. Loans and receivables include mainly reverse repurchase agreements.

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