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Financial assets at fair value through other comprehensive income
 12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2024
Financial assets at fair value through other comprehensive income [abstract]  
Financial assets at fair value through other comprehensive income
5 Financial assets at fair value through other comprehensive income
Financial assets at fair value through other comprehensive income by type
in EUR million20242023
Equity securities2,562  1,885  
Debt securities 1
42,219  38,281  
Loans and advances 1
1,608  951  
46,389  41,116  
1     Debt securities include an amount of EUR -12 million (2023: EUR -13 million) and the Loans and advances includes EUR -7 million (2023: EUR -8 million) of Loan loss provisions.
Exposure to equity securities
Equity securities designated as at fair value through other comprehensive income
Carrying value
Carrying value
Dividend incomeDividend income
in EUR million2024202320242023
Investment in Bank of Beijing2,241  1,590  101  98  
Other Investments321  295  16  8  
2,562  1,885  117  105  
As at 31 December 2024 ING holds approximately 13% (2023: 13%) of the shares of Bank of Beijing, a bank listed on the stock exchange of Shanghai. The stake in Bank of Beijing is part of the Corporate Line segment. As per regulatory requirements set by the China Banking and Insurance Regulatory Commission, ING, as a shareholder holding more than 5% of the shares, is required to supply additional capital when necessary. No request for additional capital was received in 2024 (2023: nil).
Changes in fair value through other comprehensive income
The following table presents changes in financial assets at fair value through other comprehensive income.
Changes in fair value through other comprehensive income financial assets
FVOCI equity securities
FVOCI debt instruments 1
Total
in EUR million202420232024202320242023
Opening balance as at 1 January1,885  1,887  39,231  29,739  41,116  31,625  
Additions11  28  21,080  19,967  21,091  19,995  
Amortisation    77  31  77  31  
Transfers and reclassifications   5  1    1  5  
Changes in unrealised revaluations 2
605  68  -96  657  509  725  
Impairments    2  -1  2  -1  
Reversals of impairments    -7  6  -7  6  
Disposals and redemptions-1  -2  -16,906  -11,912  -16,907  -11,913  
Exchange rate differences62  -100  443  751  506  651  
Other changes      -6    -6  
Closing balance2,562  1,885  43,827  39,231  46,389  41,116  
1Fair value through other comprehensive income debt instruments includes both debt securities and loans and advances.
2Changes in unrealised revaluations of FVOCI debt instruments include changes on hedged items which are recognised in the statement of profit or loss. Reference is made to Note 19 'Equity' for details on the changes in revaluation reserve.


FVOCI equity securities
Exchange rate differences of EUR 62 million (31 December 2023: EUR -100 million) are mainly related to the stake in Bank of Beijing following the appreciation of CNY versus EUR. In 2024, changes in unrealised revaluations of equity securities are mainly related to a revaluation of the stake in Bank of Beijing of EUR 590 million (31 December 2023: EUR 77 million) following a change in the share price.
FVOCI debt instruments
In 2024, ING sold the remaining NNHB mortgages, amounting to EUR 263 million to Nationale Nederlanden. ING agreed in 2012 to transfer a portfolio of NNHB mortgages to NN as part of the required restructuring of ING Group by the European Commission after having received state support during the global financial crisis (2008). The majority of these mortgages were not sold immediately but only at the interest reset date of these mortgages.
In 2024, interest rates in the shorter and longer tenors decreased which resulted in changes in unrealised revaluations of debt securities of EUR -96 million. During 2023 interest rates in the longer tenors decreased significantly resulting in unrealised revaluations of EUR 657 million.
Reference is made to Note 6 'Debt securities' for details on ING Group’s total exposure to debt securities.