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Risk management (Tables) | 6 Months Ended
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Jun. 30, 2025
Risk Management [Abstract] |
Gross carrying amount per IFRS 9 stage and rating class |
Gross carrying amount per IFRS 9 stage and rating class (*)1
in EUR million | 12-month ECL (Stage 1) | Lifetime ECL not credit impaired (Stage 2) | Lifetime ECL credit impaired (Stage 3) | Total
Rating class | Gross carrying amount | Provisions | Gross carrying amount | Provisions | Gross carrying amount | Provisions | Gross carrying amount | Provisions
|  | 30 June 2025 | 31 December 2024 | 30 June 2025 | 31 December 2024 | 30 June 2025 | 31 December 2024 | 30 June 2025 | 31 December 2024 | 30 June 2025 | 31 December 2024 | 30 June 2025 | 31 December 2024 | 30 June 2025 | 31 December 2024 | 30 June 2025 | 31 December 2024
Investment grade | 1 (AAA) | 89,188 |  | 79,076 |  | 1 |  | 1 |  | 191 |  | 281 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 89,379 |  | 79,357 |  | 1 |  | 1 |
2-4 (AA) | 145,150 |  | 140,671 |  | 12 |  | 10 |  | 1,894 |  | 1,579 |  | 1 |  | 1 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 147,043 |  | 142,250 |  | 13 |  | 11 |
5-7 (A) | 265,263 |  | 244,241 |  | 27 |  | 22 |  | 6,323 |  | 6,908 |  | 8 |  | 8 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 271,586 |  | 251,149 |  | 34 |  | 29 |
8-10 (BBB) | 317,743 |  | 310,324 |  | 66 |  | 55 |  | 20,122 |  | 24,683 |  | 47 |  | 55 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 337,865 |  | 335,008 |  | 113 |  | 110 |
Non-investment grade | 11-13 (BB) | 159,671 |  | 154,348 |  | 197 |  | 190 |  | 18,158 |  | 18,479 |  | 100 |  | 91 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 177,828 |  | 172,827 |  | 297 |  | 281 |
14-16 (B) | 25,725 |  | 25,377 |  | 128 |  | 124 |  | 19,569 |  | 17,433 |  | 399 |  | 366 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 45,294 |  | 42,811 |  | 527 |  | 490 |
17 (CCC) | 666 |  | 905 |  | 8 |  | 8 |  | 4,637 |  | 3,992 |  | 214 |  | 173 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 5,304 |  | 4,897 |  | 222 |  | 181 |
Performing Restructuring | 18 (CC) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 4,471 |  | 4,059 |  | 268 |  | 233 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 4,471 |  | 4,060 |  | 268 |  | 233 |
19 (C) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 2,232 |  | 2,474 |  | 210 |  | 203 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 2,232 |  | 2,474 |  | 210 |  | 203 |
Non-performing loans | 20-22 (D) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 12,932 |  | 13,742 |  | 4,259 |  | 4,509 |  | 12,932 |  | 13,742 |  | 4,259 |  | 4,509 |
Total | 1,003,405 |  | 954,943 |  | 439 |  | 409 |  | 77,596 |  | 79,888 |  | 1,247 |  | 1,130 |  | 12,932 |  | 13,742 |  | 4,259 |  | 4,509 |  | 1,093,934 |  | 1,048,574 |  | 5,945 |  | 6,049 |
1 Stage 3 lifetime credit impaired provision includes €21 million (31 December 2024: €21 million) on purchased or originated credit impaired.
Changes in loan loss provisions and gross carrying amounts |
Changes in gross carrying amounts and loan loss provisions (*)1, 2
in EUR million | 12-month ECL (Stage 1) | Lifetime ECL not credit impaired (Stage 2) | Lifetime ECL credit impaired (Stage 3) | Total |  | 12-month ECL (Stage 1) | Lifetime ECL not credit impaired (Stage 2) | Lifetime ECL credit impaired (Stage 3) | Total
| Gross carrying amount | Provisions | Gross carrying amount | Provisions | Gross carrying amount | Provisions | Gross carrying amount | Provisions |  | Gross carrying amount | Provisions | Gross carrying amount | Provisions | Gross carrying amount | Provisions | Gross carrying amount | Provisions
| 30 June 2025 |  | 31 December 2024
Opening balance as at 1 January | 954,943 | 409 | 79,888 | 1,130 | 13,742 | 4,509 | 1,048,574 | 6,049 |  | 937,633 | 517 | 75,454 | 1,435 | 11,956 | 3,887 | 1,025,043 | 5,839
Transfer into 12-month ECL (Stage 1) | 16,783 | 15 | -16,655 | -132 | -128 | -23 | 0 | -141 |  | 20,486 | 22 | -20,236 | -195 | -249 | -34 | 0 | -207
Transfer into lifetime ECL not credit impaired (Stage 2) | -24,349 | -36 | 25,053 | 358 | -703 | -72 | 0 | 250 |  | -43,155 | -49 | 43,900 | 429 | -745 | -96 | 0 | 285
Transfer into lifetime ECL credit impaired (Stage 3) | -980 | -7 | -1,305 | -107 | 2,286 | 562 | 0 | 448 |  | -2,980 | -18 | -2,856 | -235 | 5,836 | 1,802 | 0 | 1,548
Net remeasurement of loan loss provisions | 0 | -7 | 0 | 85 | 0 | 137 |  | 215 |  | 0 | -181 | 0 | -137 | 0 | 185 | 0 | -133
New financial assets originated or purchased | 134,966 | 119 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 134,966 | 120 |  | 212,516 | 192 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 212,516 | 192
Financial assets that have been derecognised | -65,485 | -40 | -6,435 | -84 | -554 | -121 | -72,474 | -245 |  | -126,858 | -76 | -11,840 | -153 | -1,450 | -257 | -140,148 | -485
Net drawdowns and repayments | -28,119 |  | -3,973 |  | -912 |  | -33,005 |  |  | -41,763 | 0 | -4,393 | 0 | -309 | 0 | -46,465 | 0
Changes in models/risk parameters | 0 | -6 | 0 | 17 | 0 | -47 | 0 | -35 |  | 0 | 8 | 0 | -6 | 0 | -22 | 0 | -20
Increase in loan loss provisions |  | 39 |  | 137 |  | 436 |  | 612 |  |  | -102 |  | -297 |  | 1,578 |  | 1,179
Write-offs | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | -556 | -556 | -556 | -556 |  | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | -1,017 | -1,017 | -1,017 | -1,017
Disposals | -510 | -2 | -68 | -2 | -282 | -125 | -860 | -129 |  | -935 | -1 | -141 | -8 | -279 | -215 | -1,355 | -225
Recoveries of amounts previously written off |  | 0 |  | 0 |  | 30 |  | 30 |  |  | 0 |  | 0 |  | 69 |  | 69
Foreign exchange and other movements | 16,157 | -7 | 1,092 | -18 | 40 | -35 | 17,288 | -60 |  | 0 | -5 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 208 | 0 | 203
Closing balance | 1,003,405 | 439 | 77,596 | 1,247 | 12,932 | 4,259 | 1,093,934 | 5,945 |  | 954,943 | 409 | 79,888 | 1,130 | 13,742 | 4,509 | 1,048,574 | 6,049
1 Stage 3 lifetime credit impaired provision includes €21 million (31 December 2024:€21 million) on purchased or originated credit impaired. 2 The addition to the loan provision (in the consolidated statement of profit or loss) amounts to €612 million (31 December 2024: €1,194 million) of which €638 million (31 December 2024: €1,170 million) related to IFRS 9 eligible financial assets, €-26 million (31 December 2024: €9 million) related to non-credit replacement guarantees and €0 million (31 December 2024: €15 million) to modification gains and losses on restructured financial assets.
Management Adjustments |
Management adjustments to ECL models (*)
in EUR million | 30 June 2025 | 31 December 2024
Commercial Real Estate/ Inflation and interest rate increases | 32 |  | 50 |
Economic sector / portfolio based adjustments | 20 |  | 38 |
Mortgage portfolio adjustments | 112 |  | 112 |
Climate transition risk | 44 |  | 29 |
Other Post Model Adjustments | 29 | -27
Total management adjustments | 236 | 203
Sensitivity analysis for credit risk |
Sensitivity analysis as at 30 June 2025 (*)
|  | 2025 | 2026 | 2027 | Unweighted ECL (€ mln) | Probability-weighting | Reportable ECL (€ mln)1
Netherlands Upside scenario | Real GDP | 1.6 |  | 2.7 |  | 2.9 |  | 275 |  | 20 | % | 382 |
Unemployment | 3.8 |  | 3.5 |  | 3.3 |
HPI | 9.8 |  | 16.7 |  | 5.1 |
Baseline scenario | Real GDP | 1.2 |  | 1.1 |  | 1.5 |  | 352 |  | 60 | %
Unemployment | 4.0 |  | 4.2 |  | 4.2 |
HPI | 7.2 |  | 3.8 |  | 3.0 |
Downside scenario | Real GDP | 0.6 |  | -1.6 |  | -0.9 |  | 581 |  | 20 | %
Unemployment | 5.0 |  | 6.6 |  | 7.8 |
HPI | 3.5 |  | -12.8 |  | 0.0 |
Germany Upside scenario | Real GDP | 0.5 |  | 3.1 |  | 2.6 |  | 577 |  | 20 | % | 621 |
Unemployment | 3.3 |  | 2.7 |  | 2.2 |
HPI | 4.1 |  | 8.0 |  | 9.6 |
Baseline scenario | Real GDP | 0.0 |  | 1.2 |  | 1.5 |  | 612 |  | 60 | %
Unemployment | 3.6 |  | 3.4 |  | 3.2 |
HPI | 2.9 |  | 4.4 |  | 6.4 |
Downside scenario | Real GDP | -0.7 |  | -2.1 |  | -0.4 |  | 695 |  | 20 | %
Unemployment | 4.2 |  | 5.3 |  | 5.7 |
HPI | 1.5 |  | -0.4 |  | 2.2 |
Belgium Upside scenario | Real GDP | 1.2 |  | 2.4 |  | 2.3 |  | 540 |  | 20 | % | 583 |
Unemployment | 5.4 |  | 5.2 |  | 5.1 |
HPI | 4.1 |  | 4.8 |  | 4.4 |
Baseline scenario | Real GDP | 0.9 |  | 1.1 |  | 1.5 |  | 572 |  | 60 | %
Unemployment | 5.9 |  | 5.8 |  | 5.7 |
HPI | 3.4 |  | 3.8 |  | 3.9 |
Downside scenario | Real GDP | 0.3 |  | -1.2 |  | 0.5 |  | 658 |  | 20 | %
Unemployment | 6.7 |  | 7.7 |  | 8.1 |
HPI | 2.5 |  | 2.1 |  | 2.6 |
United States Upside scenario | Real GDP | 1.7 |  | 2.9 |  | 3.2 |  | 82 |  | 20 | % | 126 |
Unemployment | 4.2 |  | 3.0 |  | 2.5 |
HPI | 4.7 |  | 6.3 |  | 9.7 |
Baseline scenario | Real GDP | 1.4 |  | 1.5 |  | 2.0 |  | 111 |  | 60 | %
Unemployment | 4.5 |  | 4.3 |  | 4.3 |
HPI | 4.3 |  | 3.6 |  | 4.4 |
Downside scenario | Real GDP | 0.7 |  | -1.7 |  | -0.9 |  | 213 |  | 20 | %
Unemployment | 5.3 |  | 6.9 |  | 7.9 |
HPI | 3.3 |  | -2.6 |  | -2.7 |
1 Excluding management adjustments.
Sensitivity analysis as at 31 December 2024 (*)
|  | 2025 | 2026 | 2027 | Unweighted ECL (€ mln) | Probability-weighting | Reportable ECL (€ mln)1
Netherlands Upside scenario | Real GDP | 2.6 |  | 3.0 |  | 2.5 |  | 193 |  | 20 | % | 270 |
Unemployment | 3.5 |  | 3.3 |  | 3.3 |
HPI | 18.9 |  | 11.7 |  | 2.5 |
Baseline scenario | Real GDP | 1.5 |  | 1.4 |  | 1.5 |  | 249 |  | 60 | %
Unemployment | 4.0 |  | 4.1 |  | 4.3 |
HPI | 9.1 |  | 3.5 |  | 2.4 |
Downside scenario | Real GDP | -0.4 |  | -1.4 |  | -0.2 |  | 411 |  | 20 | %
Unemployment | 5.7 |  | 7.2 |  | 8.1 |
HPI | -3.7 |  | -7.2 |  | 2.2 |
Germany Upside scenario | Real GDP | 2.0 |  | 2.8 |  | 1.6 |  | 510 |  | 20 | % | 548 |
Unemployment | 2.9 |  | 2.4 |  | 2.0 |
HPI | 5.4 |  | 8.9 |  | 9.9 |
Baseline scenario | Real GDP | 0.5 |  | 1.1 |  | 1.2 |  | 540 |  | 60 | %
Unemployment | 3.4 |  | 3.3 |  | 3.2 |
HPI | 2.6 |  | 5.6 |  | 6.3 |
Downside scenario | Real GDP | -1.7 |  | -1.7 |  | 0.3 |  | 609 |  | 20 | %
Unemployment | 4.7 |  | 5.6 |  | 5.9 |
HPI | -1.7 |  | 1.3 |  | 2.2 |
Belgium Upside scenario | Real GDP | 2.2 |  | 2.6 |  | 2.1 |  | 534 |  | 20 | % | 579 |
Unemployment | 5.1 |  | 5.0 |  | 4.9 |
HPI | 4.8 |  | 4.5 |  | 4.4 |
Baseline scenario | Real GDP | 1.1 |  | 1.5 |  | 1.6 |  | 569 |  | 60 | %
Unemployment | 5.7 |  | 5.7 |  | 5.6 |
HPI | 3.2 |  | 4.1 |  | 3.8 |
Downside scenario | Real GDP | -0.6 |  | -0.2 |  | 1.1 |  | 654 |  | 20 | %
Unemployment | 7.0 |  | 8.0 |  | 8.0 |
HPI | 1.2 |  | 2.9 |  | 2.5 |
United States Upside scenario | Real GDP | 3.1 |  | 3.5 |  | 3.2 |  | 74 |  | 20 | % | 113 |
Unemployment | 3.4 |  | 2.4 |  | 2.3 |
HPI | 4.3 |  | 8.4 |  | 9.4 |
Baseline scenario | Real GDP | 2.0 |  | 2.0 |  | 2.0 |  | 101 |  | 60 | %
Unemployment | 4.2 |  | 4.1 |  | 4.0 |
HPI | 3.3 |  | 3.7 |  | 3.9 |
Downside scenario | Real GDP | -0.1 |  | -1.1 |  | -0.4 |  | 187 |  | 20 | %
Unemployment | 5.9 |  | 7.3 |  | 8.0 |
HPI | -0.7 |  | -3.0 |  | -2.5 |
1 Excluding management adjustments.
Reconciliation of model ECL to total ECL |
Reconciliation of reportable collective ECL to total ECL (*)
in EUR million | 30 June 2025 | 31 December 2024
Total reportable collective provisions | 3,162 |  | 2,975 |
ECL from individually assessed impairments | 2,547 |  | 2,871 |
ECL from management adjustments | 236 |  | 203 |
Total ECL | 5,945 |  | 6,049 |
Asset class category average threshold investment grade |
Quantitative SICR thresholds (*)
| 30 June 2025 | 31 December 2024
Average threshold ratio | Investment grade (rating grade 1-10) | Non-investment grade (rating grade 11-17) | Investment grade (rating grade 1-10) | Non-investment grade (rating grade 11-17)
Asset class category |  |  |  |
Mortgages | 2.9 |  | 2.4 |  | 2.9 |  | 2.4 |
Consumer lending | 2.9 |  | 2.2 |  | 2.8 |  | 2.1 |
Business lending | 2.7 |  | 2.0 |  | 2.7 |  | 2.1 |
Governments and financial institutions | 2.9 |  | 1.9 |  | 2.9 |  | 1.9 |
Other Wholesale Banking | 2.7 |  | 1.9 |  | 2.7 |  | 1.9 |

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