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Post-employment benefits | 12 Months Ended
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Dec. 31, 2018
Post-employment benefits [Abstract] |
Disclosure of post-employment benefits [Text block] | #### Post-employment benefits Employee post-employment plans have been established in many countries in accordance with the legal requirements, customs and the local practice in the countries involved. All funded post-employment plans are considered to be related parties. Most employees that take part in a company pension plan are covered by defined contribution (DC) pension plans. The main DC plans are in the Netherlands and the United States. The company also sponsors a number of defined benefit (DB) pension plans. The benefits provided by these plans are based on employees’ years of service and compensation levels. The company also sponsors a limited number of DB retiree medical plans. The benefits provided by these plans typically cover a part of the healthcare costs after retirement. The larger funded DB and DC plans are governed by independent Trustees who have a legal obligation to protect the interests of all plan members and operate under the local regulatory framework. The average duration of the defined benefit obligation (DBO) of the DB plans is 11 years (2017: 12 years). The largest DB plans in 2018 are in the United States and Germany. These plans account for approximately 88% of the total DBO. ##### The United States The US DB pension plans are closed plans without future pension accrual. For the funding of any deficit in the US plan the Group adheres to the minimum funding requirements of the US Pension Protection Act. The assets of the US funded pension plans are in Trusts governed by Trustees. The excess pension plans that covered accrual above the maximum salary of the funded plan are unfunded. The company’s qualified pension commitments in the United States are covered via the Pension Benefit Guaranty Corporation (PBGC) which charges a fee to US companies providing DB pension plans. The fee is also dependent on the amount of unfunded liabilities. In 2018, the company paid an additional de-risking contribution into the US plan of EUR 130 million (USD 150 million). ##### Germany The company has several DB plans in Germany which for the largest part are unfunded, meaning that after retirement the company is responsible for the benefit payments to retirees. Due to the relatively high level of social security in Germany, the company’s pension plans mainly provide benefits for the higher earners and are open for future pension accrual. Indexation is mandatory due to legal requirements. Some of the German plans have a DC design, but are accounted for as DB plans due to a legal minimum return requirement. Company pension commitments in Germany are partly protected against employer bankruptcy via the “Pensions Sicherungs Verein” which charges a fee to all German companies providing pension promises. Philips is one of the sponsors of Philips Pensionskasse VVaG in Germany, which is a multi-employer plan. The plan is classified and accounted for as a DC plan. ##### Risks related to DB plans DB plans expose the company to various demographic and economic risks such as longevity risk, investment risks, currency and interest rate risk and in some cases inflation risk. The latter plays a role in the assumed wage increase but more importantly in some countries where indexation of pensions is mandatory. Pension fund Trustees are responsible for and have full discretion over the investment strategy of the plan assets. In general Trustees manage pension fund risks by diversifying the investments of plan assets and by (partially) matching interest rate risk of liabilities. The company has an active de-risking strategy in which it constantly looks for opportunities to reduce the risks associated with its DB plans. Liability-driven investment strategies, lump sum cash-out options, buy-ins, buy-outs and a change to DC are examples of the strategy. ##### Investment policy in our largest pension plans The trustees of the Philips pension plans are responsible for and have full discretion over the investment strategy of the plan assets. The plan assets of the Philips pension plans are invested in well diversified portfolios. The interest rate sensitivity of the fixed income portfolio is closely aligned to that of the plan’s pension liabilities. Any contributions from the sponsoring company are used to further increase the fixed income part of the assets. As part of the investment strategy, any additional investment returns of the return portfolio are used to further decrease the interest rate mismatch between the plan assets and the pension liabilities. ##### Summary of pre-tax costs for post-employment benefits and reconciliations The adjacent table contains the total of current and past service costs, administration costs and settlement results as included in Income from operations and the interest cost as included in Financial expenses. Philips Group Pre-tax costs for post-employment benefits in millions of EUR 2016 - 2018
| 2016 | 2017 | 2018
--- | --- | --- | ---
Defined-benefit plans | 58 | 95 | 46
- included in income from operations | (19) 1 | 32 | 23
- included in financial expense | 48 | 37 | 23
- included in Discontinued operations | 29 | 26 |
Defined-contribution plans | 392 | 397 | 327
- included in income from operations | 299 | 315 | 327
- included in Discontinued operations | 93 | 82 |
Post-employment benefits costs | 450 | 492 | 374
1 The net income mainly relates to the settlement of the pension related legal claim in the UK ##### Summary of the net defined benefit liability and reconciliations The adjacent tables contain the total net defined benefit liability and the reconciliations for the DBO and plan assets. The negative past service cost in 2018 relates to plan amendments in Brazil and Switzerland. Reconciliations for the DBO and plan assets for DB plans: Philips Group Defined-benefit obligations in millions of EUR 2017 - 2018
| 2017 | 2018
--- | --- | ---
Balance as of January 1 | 4,987 | 3,109
Service cost | 34 | 27
Interest cost | 126 | 85
Employee contributions | 4 | 4
Actuarial (gains) / losses |  |
– demographic assumptions | (14) | 4
– financial assumptions | 75 | (131)
– experience adjustment | (15) | 5
(Negative) past service cost | 1 | (6)
Settlements | (348) | (0)
Benefits paid from plan | (172) | (152)
Benefits paid directly by employer | (52) | (42)
Transfer to Liabilities directly associated with assets held for sale 1 | (1,210) |
Translation differences and other | (307) | 94
Balance as of December 31 | 3,109 | 2,998
Present value of funded obligations at end of year | 2,476 | 2,388
Present value of unfunded obligations at end of year | 633 | 610
1 The amount presented under 'Transfer to Liabilities directly associated with assets held for sale' in 2017 relates to Signify (former Philips Lighting) Philips Group Plan assets in millions of EUR 2017 - 2018
| 2017 | 2018
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Balance as of January 1 | 3,095 | 2,137
Interest income on plan assets | 87 | 62
Admin expenses paid | (2) | (1)
Return on plan assets excluding interest income | 70 | (129)
Employee contributions | 4 | 4
Employer contributions | 263 | 159
Settlements | (348) | (0)
Benefits paid from plan | (172) | (152)
Transfer to Assets classified as held for sale 1 | (642) | -
Translation differences and other | (218) | 83
Balance as of December 31 | 2,137 | 2,164
Funded status | (972) | (834)
Unrecognized net assets |  |
Net balance sheet position | (972) | (834)
1 The amount presented under 'Transfer to Liabilities directly associated with assets held for sale' in 2017 relates to Signify (former Philips Lighting) Reconciliation for the effect of the asset ceiling: Philips Group Changes in the effect of the asset ceiling in millions of EUR 2017
| 2017
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Balance as of January 1 | 105
Interest on unrecognized assets | 4
Remeasurements | (100)
Translation differences | (9)
Balance as of December 31 |
Due to the settlement of the Brazil pension plan in 2017 there is no effect of the asset ceiling remaining as of 31 December 2017 onwards. ##### Plan assets allocation The asset allocation in the company’s DB plans at December 31 was as follows: Philips Group Plan assets allocation in millions of EUR 2017 - 2018
| 2017 | 2018
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Assets quoted in active markets |  |
- Debt securities | 1,142 | 1,294
- Equity securities | 69 |
- Other | 137 | 161
Assets not quoted in active markets |  |
- Debt securities | 14 | 12
- Equity securities | 457 | 368
- Other | 318 | 329
Total assets | 2,137 | 2,164
The assets in 2018 contain 33% (2017: 37%) unquoted assets. Plan assets in 2018 do not include property occupied by or financial instruments issued by the company. ##### Assumptions The mortality tables used for the company’s largest DB plans are: US: RP2014 with MP2018 improvement scale for qualified and retiree medical plan; RP2006 with MP2018 improvement scale + white collar adjustment for the unfunded excess plans Germany: Heubeck-Richttafeln 2018 Generational The weighted averages of the assumptions used to calculate the DBO as of December 31 were as follows: Philips Group Assumptions used for defined-benefit obligations in % 2017- 2018
| 2017 | 2018
--- | --- | ---
Discount rate | 2.8% | 3.2%
Inflation rate | 2.1% | 2.1%
Salary increase | 2.4% | 2.4%
##### Sensitivity analysis The tables below illustrates the approximate impact on the DBO from movements in key assumptions. The DBO was recalculated using a change in the assumptions of 1% which overall is considered a reasonably possible change. The impact on the DBO because of changes in discount rate is normally accompanied by offsetting movements in plan assets, especially when using matching strategies. Philips Group Sensitivity of key assumptions in millions of EUR 2018
| Defined benefit obligation
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Increase |
Discount rate (1% movement) | (298)
Inflation rate (1% movement) | 97
Salary increase (1% movement) | 21
Longevity 1 | 65
Decrease |
Discount rate (1% movement) | 367
Inflation rate (1% movement) | (89)
Salary increase (1% movement) | (20)
1 The mortality table (i.e. longevity) also impacts the DBO. The above sensitivity table illustrates the impact on the DBO of a further 10% decrease in the assumed rates of mortality for the company’s major schemes. A 10% decrease in assumed mortality rates equals improvement of life expectancy by 0.5 - 1 year. Philips Group Sensitivity of key assumptions in millions of EUR 2017
| Defined benefit obligation
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Increase |
Discount rate (1% movement) | (323)
Inflation rate (1% movement) | 85
Salary increase (1% movement) | 20
Longevity 1 | 72
Decrease |
Discount rate (1% movement) | 394
Inflation rate (1% movement) | (86)
Salary increase (1% movement) | (19)
1 The mortality table (i.e. longevity) also impacts the DBO. The above sensitivity table illustrates the impact on the DBO of a further 10% decrease in the assumed rates of mortality for the company’s major schemes. A 10% decrease in assumed mortality rates equals improvement of life expectancy by 0.5 - 1 year. ##### Cash flows and costs in 2019 The company expects considerable cash outflows in relation to post-employment benefits which are estimated to amount to EUR 402 million in 2019, consisting of: EUR 20 million employer contributions to funded DB plans (US: EUR 0 million, DE: EUR 13 million, Other: EUR 7 million); EUR 42 million cash outflows in relation to unfunded DB plans (US: EUR 10 million, DE: EUR 19 million, Other: EUR 13 million); and EUR 340 million employer contributions to DC plans (NL: EUR 168 million, US: EUR 118 million, Other: EUR 54 million). The service and administration cost for 2019 is expected to amount to EUR 31 million for DB plans. The net interest cost for 2019 for the DB plans is expected to amount to EUR 22 million. The cost for DC pension plans in 2019 is equal to the expected DC cash flow.

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