
CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 2021 48
5.2.1. Basis of consolidation
The consolidated nancial statements incorporate
the nancial statements of the company and entities
controlled by the company (its subsidiaries). An
investor controls an investee when it is exposed, or has
rights, to variable returns from its involvement with
the investee and has the ability to aect those returns
through its power over the investee. The results of
subsidiaries acquired or disposed of during the year are
included in the nancial information from the eective
date of acquisition and up to the eective date of
disposal, as appropriate. Where necessary, adjustments
are made to the nancial statements of subsidiaries
to bring their accounting policies into line with those
used by other members of the Group. All intra-group
transactions, balances, income and expenses are
eliminated on consolidation.
Changes in the Group’s interest in a subsidiary that
do not result in a loss of control are accounted for
as equity transactions. The carrying amounts of the
Group’s interests and the non-controlling interests
are adjusted to reect the changes in their relative
interests in the subsidiary.
When the Group loses control of a subsidiary, the prot
or loss on disposal is calculated as the dierence
between (i) the aggregate of the fair value of the
consideration received and the fair value of any
retained interest and (ii) the previous carrying amount
of the assets (including goodwill) and liabilities of the
subsidiary and any non-controlling interests. Amounts
previously recognised in other comprehensive income
in relation to the subsidiary are accounted for (i.e.
re-classied to prot or loss or transferred directly
to retained earnings) in the same manner as would
be required if the relevant assets or liabilities were
disposed of. The fair value of any investment retained
in the former subsidiary at the date when control is
lost is regarded as the fair value on initial recognition
for subsequent accounting under IFRS 9 Financial
Instruments or, when applicable, the cost on initial
recognition of an investment in an associate or jointly
controlled entity.
Non-controlling interests in subsidiaries are identied
separately from the Group’s equity therein. The
interest of non-controlling shareholders may be initially
measured either at fair value or at the noncontrolling
interests’ proportionate share of the fair value of
the acquiree’s identiable net assets. The choice of
measurement basis is made on an acquisition-by-
acquisition basis. Subsequent to acquisition, the
carrying amount of non-controlling interests is the
amount of those interests at initial recognition plus
the non-controlling interests’ share of subsequent
changes in equity. Total comprehensive income is
attributed to noncontrolling interests even if this
results in the noncontrolling interests having a decit
balance.
5.2.2. Business combinations
The acquisition of subsidiaries is accounted for using
the purchase method. The cost of the acquisition
is measured at the aggregate of the fair values, at
the date of acquisition, of assets given, liabilities
incurred or assumed, and equity instruments issued
by the Group in exchange for control of the acquiree.
The acquiree’s identiable assets, liabilities and
contingent liabilities that meet the conditions for
recognition under IFRS 3 (“Business combinations”)
are recognised at their fair values at the acquisition
date, except for noncurrent assets (or disposal
groups) that are classied as held for sale, which are
recognised and measured at fair value less costs to
sell.
Goodwill arising on acquisition is recognised as
an asset and initially measured at cost, being the
excess of the cost of the business combination
over the Group’s interest in the net fair value of
the identiable assets, liabilities and contingent
liabilities recognised. If, after reassessment, the
Group’s interest in the net fair value of the acquiree’s
identiable assets, liabilities and contingent liabilities
exceeds the cost of the business combination, the
excess is recognised immediately in prot or loss.
The interest of minority shareholders in the acquire
is initially measured at the minority’s proportion
of the net fair value of the assets, liabilities and
contingent liabilities recognised.
Acquisition-related costs are recognised in
prot or loss as incurred. Where applicable, the
consideration for the acquisition includes any asset
or liability resulting from a contingent consideration
arrangement, measured at its acquisition-date fair
value. Subsequent changes in such fair values are