Intangible assets (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2018

(€ million)	Exploration rights			Industrial patents and intellectual property rights			Other intangible assets			Intangible assets with finite useful lives			Goodwill			Total
2018
Net carrying amount – beginning of the year		995			240			486			1,721			1,204			2,925
Changes in accounting policies (IFRS 9 and 15)								87			87						87
Net carrying amount restated – beginning of the year		995			240			573			1,808			1,204			3,012
Additions		133			28			180			341						341
Amortization		(71	)		(87	)		(226	)		(384	)					(384	)
Impairments								(16	)		(16	)					(16	)
Write-off		(15	)					(1	)		(16	)					(16	)
Currency translation differences		39									39			8			47
Change through loss of control of subsidiary								74			74			46			120
Other changes					40						40			26			66
Net carrying a mount at the end of the year		1,081			221			584			1,886			1,284			3,170
Gross carrying amount at the end of the year		1,686			1,534			4,188			7,408
Provisions for amortization and impairment		605			1,313			3,604			5,522
2017
Net carrying a mount – beginning of the year		1,092			259			598			1,949			1,320			3,269
Additions		91			17			83			191						191
Amortization		(65	)		(84	)		(137	)		(286	)					(286	)
Reversals		32									32						32
Impairments		(14	)								(14	)					(14	)
Write-off		(24	)								(24	)					(24	)
Currency translation differences		(115	)		(1	)		(2	)		(118	)		(23	)		(141	)
Other changes		(2	)		49			(56	)		(9	)		(93	)		(102	)
Net carrying amount – end of the year		995			240			486			1,721			1,204			2,925
Gross carrying amount – end of the year		1,504			1,466			3,778			6,748
Provisions for amortization and impairment		509			1,226			3,292			5,027

The main amortization rates used were substantially unchanged from the previous year and ranged as follows:

(%)
Exploration rights					UOP – 33
Transport rights of natural gas					3
Other concessions, licenses, trademarks and similar items					3 – 33
Service concession arrangements					20 – 33
Capitalized costs for customer acquisition					25 – 33
Other intangible assets					4 – 20

A breakdown of the stated goodwill by operating segment is provided below:

The amount of goodwill outstanding at the reporting date mainly related to the Gas & Power segment. A breakdown is disclosed below.

The breakdown of exploration rights by type of asset was as follows:

(€ million)	December 31, 2018		December 31, 2017
Proved licence and leasehold property acquisition costs		357		403
Unproved licence and leasehold property acquisition costs		684		586
Other mineral interests		40		6
		1,081		995