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Income taxes | 12 Months Ended
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Dec. 31, 2019
Income taxes |
Income taxes | 32 Income taxes
(€ million) |  | 2019 |  | 2018 |  | 2017
Current taxes: |  |  |  |  |  |
- Italian subsidiaries |  | 347 |  | 301 |  | 712
- subsidiaries of the Exploration & Production segment - outside Italy |  | 4,729 |  | 4,906 |  | 3,167
- other subsidiaries - outside Italy |  | 152 |  | 163 |  | 142
|  | 5,228 |  | 5,370 |  | 4,021
Net deferred taxes: |  |  |  |  |  |
- Italian subsidiaries |  | 599 |  | 130 |  | (464)
- subsidiaries of the Exploration & Production segment - outside Italy |  | (172) |  | 497 |  | (162)
- other subsidiaries - outside Italy |  | (64) |  | (27) |  | 72
|  | 363 |  | 600 |  | (554)
|  | 5,591 |  | 5,970 |  | 3,467
Current income taxes payable by Italian subsidiaries referred to foreign taxes for €137 million. The reconciliation between the statutory tax charge calculated by applying the Italian statutory tax rate of 24% (same amount in 2018 and 2017) and the effective tax charge is the following:
(€ million) |  | 2019 |  | 2018 |  | 2017
Profit (loss) before taxation |  | 5,746 |  | 10,107 |  | 6,844
Tax rate (IRES) (%) |  | 24.0 |  | 24.0 |  | 24.0
Statutory corporation tax charge (credit) on profit or loss |  | 1,379 |  | 2,426 |  | 1,643
Increase (decrease) resulting from: |  |  |  |  |  |
- higher tax charges related to subsidiaries outside Italy |  | 2,934 |  | 3,096 |  | 1,882
- impact pursuant to the write-down of deferred tax assets and recalculation of tax rates |  | 938 |  | 261 |  | (96)
- tax effects related to previous years |  | 147 |  | (24) |  | (1)
- impact pursuant to foreign tax effects of italian entities |  | 105 |  | 46 |  | 54
- effect due to the tax regime provided for intercompany dividends |  | 65 |  | 47 |  | 1
- Italian regional income tax (IRAP) |  | 25 |  | 50 |  | 77
- impact pursuant to redetermination of the Italian Windfall Corporate tax as per Law 7/2009 |  |  |  |  |  | 61
- effect due to non-taxable gains/losses on sales of investments |  |  |  | (1) |  | (177)
- other adjustments |  | (2) |  | 69 |  | 23
|  | 4,212 |  | 3,544 |  | 1,824
Effective tax charge |  | 5,591 |  | 5,970 |  | 3,467
The higher tax charges at non-Italian subsidiaries related to the Exploration & Production segment for €2,934 million (€3,014 million and €1,811 million in 2018 and in 2017, respectively).

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- Definition Disclosure of Income Tax Explanatory. + References No definition available. + Details
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- Definition The entire disclosure for income taxes. + References Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef -Name IAS -Number 12 -IssueDate 2019-01-01 -Section Disclosure -URI http://eifrs.ifrs.org/eifrs/xifrs-link?type=IAS&num=12&code=ifrs-tx-2019-en-r&doctype=Standard&dita_xref=IAS12_g79-88_TI -URIDate 2019-03-27 + Details
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