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Provisions | 12 Months Ended
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Dec. 31, 2020
Provisions |
Provisions | 20 Provisions
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Loss |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | adjustments |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
|  | Provision |  |  |  |  |  | Provisions |  | and |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
|  | for site |  |  |  |  |  | for |  | actuarial |  |  |  | Provision |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
|  | restoration, |  |  |  |  |  | taxes |  | provisions |  | Provision |  | for |  | Provision |  | Provision |  |  |  |
|  | abandonment |  |  |  | Provision |  | other than |  | for Eni’s |  | for |  | OIL |  | for |  | for |  |  |  |
|  | and social |  | Environmental |  | for |  | income |  | insurance |  | losses on |  | insurance |  | redundancy |  | disposal and |  |  |  |
(€ million) |  | projects |  | provision |  | litigations |  | taxes |  | companies |  | investments |  | cover |  | incentives |  | restructuring |  | Other |  | Total
Carrying amount at December 31, 2019 |  | 8,936 |  | 2,602 |  | 850 |  | 199 |  | 333 |  | 188 |  | 113 |  | 70 |  | 46 |  | 769 |  | 14,106
New or increased provisions |  |  |  | 168 |  | 172 |  | 61 |  | 160 |  | 44 |  |  |  | 1 |  | 2 |  | 193 |  | 801
Initial recognition and changes in estimates |  | 955 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 955
Accretion discount |  | 190 |  | (2) |  | 1 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 1 |  | 190
Reversal of utilized provisions |  | (252) |  | (296) |  | (526) |  | (30) |  | (237) |  |  |  |  |  | (7) |  | (14) |  | (266) |  | (1,628)
Reversal of unutilized provisions |  | (3) |  | (183) |  | (96) |  | (53) |  |  |  | (6) |  | (9) |  | (11) |  | (4) |  | (38) |  | (403)
Currency translation differences |  | (469) |  |  |  | (31) |  | (8) |  |  |  | (4) |  | (1) |  |  |  |  |  | (9) |  | (522)
Other changes |  | 5 |  | (26) |  | 15 |  | 1 |  | 2 |  | (24) |  | (8) |  |  |  | (1) |  | (25) |  | (61)
Carrying amount at December 31, 2020 |  | 9,362 |  | 2,263 |  | 385 |  | 170 |  | 258 |  | 198 |  | 95 |  | 53 |  | 29 |  | 625 |  | 13,438
Provisions for site restoration, abandonment and social projects include the present value of the estimated costs that the Company expects to incur for dismantling oil and natural gas production facilities at the end of the producing lives of fields, well-plugging, site clean-up and restoration for €8,454 million. Initial recognitions and changes in estimates of €955 million were driven by a decrease in the discount rates and the estimate of the costs for social projects to be incurred following the commitments between Eni SpA and the Basilicata region in relation to the oil development program in the Val d'Agri concession area (€439 million). The unwinding of discount recognized through profit and loss for €190 million was determined based on discount rates ra nging from -0.2% to 3.7% (from -0.1% to 6.1% at December 31, 2019). Main expenditures associated with decommissioning operations are expected to be incurred over a fifty‑year period. Provisions for environmental risks included the estimated costs for environmental clean-up and remediation of soil and groundwater in areas owned or under concession where the Group performed in the past industrial operations that were progressively divested, shut down, dismantled or restructured. The provision was accrued because at the balance sheet date there is a legal or constructive obligation for Eni to carry out environmental clean-up and remediation and the expected costs can be estimated reliably. The provision included the expected charges associated with strict liability related to obligations of cleaning up and remediating polluted areas that met the parameters set by the law at the time when the pollution occurred but presently are no more in compliance with current environmental laws and regulations, or because Eni assumed the liability borne by other operators when the Company acquired or otherwise took over site operations. Those environmental provisions are recognized when an environmental project is approved by or filed with the relevant administrative authorities or a constructive obligation has arisen whereby the Company commits itself to performing certain cleaning-up and restoration projects and a reliable cost estimation is available. At December 31, 2020, environmental provision primarily related to Eni Rewind SpA for €1,647 million and to the Refining & Marketing business line for €359 million. Litigation provisions comprised expected liabilities associated with legal proceedings and other matters arising from contractual claims, including arbitrations, fines and penalties due to antitrust proceedings and administrative matters. These provisions represent the Company’s best estimate of the expected and probable liabilities associated with ongoing litigation and related to the Exploration & Production segment for €250 million. Reversals of utilized provisions related for €515 million to the Exploration & Production segment in relation to the settlement of contractual disputes. Provisions for uncertain taxes matters related to the estimated losses that the Company expects to incur to settle tax litigations and tax claims pending with tax authorities in relation to uncertainties in applying rules in force were in respect of the Exploration & Production segment for €139 million. Loss adjustments and actuarial provisions of Eni’s insurance company Eni Insurance DAC represented the estimated liabilities accrued on the basis for third party claims. Against such liability was recorded receivables of €116 million recognized towards insurance companies for reinsurance contracts. Provisions for losses on investments included provisions relating to investments whose loss exceeds the equity and primarily related to Industria Siciliana Acido Fosforico — ISAF — SpA (in liquidation) for €146 million. Provisions for the OIL mutual insurance scheme included the estimated future increase of insurance premiums which will be charged to Eni in the next five years and that were accrued at the reporting date because of the effective accident rate occurred in past reporting periods. Provisions for redundancy incentives were recognized mainly due to a restructuring program involving the Italian personnel related to past reporting periods.

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